Veterinær grensekontrollrapport 2013

Helge Torbjørn Hove, Bjørn Tore Lunestad, Irja Sunde Roiha and

Amund Måge

Nasjonalt institutt for ernærings- og sjømatforskning (NIFES)

20.11.2014

MONITORING PROGRAMME FOR VETERINARY CONTROL ON SEAFOOD

PRODUCTS IMPORTED TO NORWAY FROM THIRD COUNTRIES

In accordance with Commission Regulation (EC) No 136/2004, Annex II, Part 1.

RESULTS FROM 2013

2013

Rapport

Monitoring program for veterinary control on fisheries products imported to Norway from third countries, 2013.

2

på oppdrag fra Mattilsynet

Statens tilsyn for fisk, dyr og næringsmidler


3

Acknowledgements

This report presents a summary of results from the seafood part of veterinary border control

that the National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES) carried out on behalf of

the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA). We take the opportunity to thank the NFSA

for excellent cooperation during the conduct of this monitoring programme.

We further want to thank Anne Margrethe Aase, who administrated the day-to-day technical

work, including sample reception, storage, aliquot preparation and distribution within NIFES.

Annette Bjordal, Anette Kausland, Marita Kristoffersen and Annbjørg Bøkevoll were in charge

of the analytical work, while Vidar Fauskanger, Manfred Torsvik, Nawaraj Gautam and Kari

Pettersen carried out the sample pre-treatment. Betty Irgens and Tone Galluzzi, were

responsible for the microbiological examinations. Leikny Fjeldstad performed the

parasitological assay. Tore Tjensvoll, Felicia Dawn Couillard and Britt Elin Øye carried out

chemical analysis for residues of therapeutics. Jannicke A. Berntsen, Dagmar Nordgård, Lene

H. Johannessen, Kari Breistein Sæle, Teclu Weldegebriel, Per-Ola Rasmussen, Karstein

Heggstad and Kjersti Kolås were responsible for extraction, clean-up and determination of the

organic contaminants. Edel Erdal, Siri Bargård, Laila Sedal, Tonja Lill Eidsvik, Berit Solli,

Georg Olsen and Vivian Mui carried out the analysis of the chemical elements. Histamine

determinations were done by Joseph Martin Malaiamaan and Margrethe Rygg. Total volatile

basic nitrogen analyses were performed by Margrethe Rygg and Georg Smith Olsen.

http://nifes.no/ansatt/teclu-weldegebriel/


4

Index ......................................................................................................................................... 4

1. Summary ............................................................................................................................ 6

2. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 8

3. Materials and methods ..................................................................................................... 8

3.1. The planning and scope of the work ................................................................................ 8

3.2. Sampling and transport .................................................................................................... 8

3.3. Sample reception, registration and pre-analytical sample handling ................................ 8

3.4. Tissue selection, selection of analytical parameter and assessment of legal conformity 9

3.5. Chemical and microbiological methods .......................................................................... 9

3.6 Analytical sub-contractors ................................................................................................ 9

4. Results and discussion .................................................................................................... 10

4.1. Microbiology ................................................................................................................. 10

4.2. Parasites ......................................................................................................................... 11

4.3. Drug residues and dyes .................................................................................................. 11

4.4. Chemical spoilage and rancidity indicators ................................................................... 12

4.5. Heavy metals ................................................................................................................. 12

4.5.1. Arsenic (As) ............................................................................................................ 12

4.5.2. Cadmium (Cd) ........................................................................................................ 12

4.5.3. Mercury (Hg) .......................................................................................................... 13

4.5.4. Lead (Pb) ................................................................................................................. 13

4.6. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) ............................................................................. 13

4.6.1. The dioxins; PCDDs, PCDFs and DL-PCBs .......................................................... 13

4.6.2. The non-dioxin like PCBs. ...................................................................................... 14

4.6.3. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) ................................................................ 14

4.6.4. Pesticides – organochlorine pesticides .................................................................... 14

4.6.5. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons, PAH .......................................................................... 14

5. Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 15

Index


5

Annex 1: Data Tables ............................................................................................................. 16

Annex 2: Method performance ............................................................................................. 48

Annex 3: Summary of legal maximum levels ...................................................................... 52


6

1. Summary

The present report summarizes a monitoring programme for veterinary border control

performed on fish and other seafood imported to Norway from outside the European Economic

Zone. A risk assessment for the different imported products was the basis for the sampling plans

and analytical activities in this program. The current trend of hazards as reported in the RASSF

notification system, the compositional nature the products, the geographical origin samples, as

well as the annual import quantity, were all used as the basis for the risk assessment.

In 2013, a total of 128 samples were selected at the border inspection posts (BIPs), to be

assayed for chemical, biological and/or microbiological undesirables based on profiles of

potential hazards made for each product type. Results for individual samples are given in Annex

1.

Microbiological analysis were carried out on 117 of the samples, and the selection of parameters

to be examined was adjusted to fit the potential hazard profiles of the product category. The

results for microbiological quality parameters and indicator organisms for faecal contamination

generally showed low bacterial counts, with some exceptions. L. monocytogenes were detected

by the qualitative method in five of eighty-six samples. The samples were of Atlantic salmon

(Salmo salar) from Chile (three samples), Pangasius (Pangasius bocourti) from Vietnam and

Colorado snapper (Lutjanus colorado) imported from Sri Lanka. Pathogens in the genera

Salmonella and Vibrio was not detected in any of the samples.

Parasitological examinations were carried out on 56 fish samples. Nematodes were found in 8

of the samples (14%). The highest number of nematodes was found in a fillet of Atlantic cod

with 15 nematodes. Nematodes were also found in samples of Atlantic halibut, redfish and

Pacific saury. All nematodes were dead at the time of analysis.

Samples originating from of aquaculture were, in addition to analysis for other undesirables,

also analysed for residues of pharmaceuticals. A total of 33 samples were assayed for dyes,

including crystal violet, leuco crystal violet, malachite green, leuco malachite green and

brilliant green. Analysis for chloramphenicol and nitrofuranes (including metabolites of

nitrofuranes) were also included. No residues of pharmaceuticals could be detected in any of

the samples. One sample of boiled and frozen freshwater crayfish imported from China

contained 1.2 µg/kg semicarbazide (SEM), measured as the sum of free and bound substance.

SEM is a metabolite of nitrofurazone, which is a veterinary drug prohibited for use in food-

producing animals. It is well known that SEM in processed crustaceans may originate from

other sources than the use of nitrofurans, and the detection of this substance is not considered a

conclusive indicator of illegal nitrofurazone administration.


7

In total 29 samples were analysed for one or more of the spoilage indicators, histamine, TVB-

N (Total volatile basic nitrogen) or TBARS (Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance). From a

food safety point of view, the measured values gave little reason for concern. However, some

values indicated that the sample had been exposed to improper storage conditions.

In total 114 samples were analysed for the elements cadmium, mercury, lead and arsenic. Three

squid samples imported from Argentine and New Zealand were non-compliant with regard to

Cd, with levels of 8.2, 8.0 and 6. 2 mg/kg w.w., respectively.

A total of 15 samples were analysed for dioxins, furans and dioxin like PCBs. Furthermore, 26

samples were analysed for non-dioxin like PCBs (or “indicator” PCBs). All samples were

compliant, and the levels were below those of previous years.

The contamination levels of flame retardants (PBDE) were examined in 14 samples. There are

no maximum level for these compounds in seafood. The highest measured levels were within

the common range for seafood and marine oil samples, respectively.

Chlorinated pesticides were examined in 32 samples. Most of the analysed pesticides were not

detected or were found in low levels only. There are no maximum level for these compounds

in seafood. The highest measured levels were within the common range for seafood and marine

oil samples, respectively. The levels found in seafood were generally lower than the values

found in the marine oils. The DDTs had their maximum values in two oils from Peru, with a

level of 31 and 28 µg/kg w.w for p,p’-DDT. The highest level of non-DDT pesticide was 7.4

µg/kg w.w. of cis-chlordane, found in a Greenland Halibut imported from Russia.

For the PAH class of compounds, all of the 16 analysed samples were compliant with regard to

their relevant maximum levels.

Based on the number of non-compliant samples found in this surveillance program during the

last few years, and on the potential hazards associated with each kind of parameter, NIFES

recommend that the activity should be increased with regard to microbiology, heavy metals,

dioxins/PCBs and nematodes, and be maintained for the other parameters. Sampling of squid

and squid based products should be increased.


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2. Introduction As a member state in the European Economic Area (EEA), Norway is obliged to monitor the

conformity of imported products to the EEA area. A part of this activity is to monitor conformity

to the food and feed legislation with respect to microbes, parasites and residues of undesirable

substances in imported seafood products. The Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA) is the

competent authority regarding veterinary border control in Norway. On behalf of NFSA, NIFES

have performed the analyses of the seafood samples in this monitoring programme and

elaborated this report.

3. Materials and methods

3.1. The planning and scope of the work

The plans and procedures for the sampling and analysis were based on a risk assessment.

Sampling was carried out by NFSA and the analytical examination was conducted by NIFES.

The plans target the most potent potential hazards associated with each different kind of

imported product. The risk assessment was based on the compositional nature of the products,

on the results from previous monitoring, on knowledge on geographical origin of the samples,

and on the information available in the RASFF (Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed). This

report covers samples from 2013.

3.2. Sampling and transport

NSFA staff at the Border Inspection Points (BIPs) selected samples according to a sampling

plan. The samples were stored frozen at the BIPs until shipped frozen to NIFES for analysis.

3.3. Sample reception, registration and pre-analytical sample handling

The samples from the BIPs were received and registered at the NIFES sample reception unit.

Each sample was photographed, and all relevant information was registered for each sample

in a Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS). By using differentiated user

privileges, the NIFES’ LIMS system ensures that sample identifying information is not

available to the lab-staff carrying out the analytical work. Microbiological assay was

performed prior to all other sample handling. The sample was then further prepared for

analyses and split in sub-samples (aliquots) for the different assays and analytical methods.


9

3.4. Tissue selection, selection of analytical parameter and assessment of legal

conformity

From food samples the edible part, usually the muscle, was selected for the analyses. For

species where a legal maximum levels of undesirable substances exist, the tissue specified in

the legislation was always selected; E.g. in cephalopods the cuttlebone (gladius) was removed

prior to analysis according to the legislation, and for crustaceans, the white meat (muscle) was

selected for analysis. For products that were intended to be eaten whole, the whole product

was prepared for analysis. For dried samples, according to (EC) No 1881/2006 of 19

December 2006, article 2, each numerical value was transformed to the equivalent result from

the naturally moist sample. The transformed numerical value was then used for the

assessment of the legal conformity of the sample.

3.5. Chemical and microbiological methods

At the laboratory, the methods and the procedures used were, accredited in accordance with the

standard ISO 17025, unless otherwise specified. A summary of the analytical methods used for

chemical parameters are listed in Annex 2. The table in this Annex further provides method

performance data. Some of the reported parameters have been analysed by subcontractors.

When the analyses were performed by a subcontractor, this is notified and a summary of the

analytical method performance data is given, see also section 3.6. Unless stated differently, the

sample preparations and analytical activity was carried out according to the procedures that

were presented in the report for this monitoring programme for 2012 (Hove, Lunestad, Sunde

Roiha and Måge, 2013, available at www.nifes.no).

3.6 Analytical sub-contractors

Eurofins carried the quantitative analyses of the nitrofuranes. For PAH, the samples taken in

the first months of 2013 were analysed by Eurofins. The analytical principles involved in the

Eurofins PAH method have been described in the report for this monitoring programme for

2012 (Hove, Lunestad, Sunde Roiha and Måge, 2013, available at www.nifes.no). The NIFES

PAH method was used for the rest of 2013.


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4. Results and discussion

A total of 128 samples were collected at the Border Control Points, sent to NIFES and analysed

for parasites, microbes and/or undesirable chemical compounds.

4.1. Microbiology

The results from the microbiological examinations are listed in Table 1. A total of 117 samples

were tested for microorganisms by a range of assays according to the plan.

The aerobic plate counts on non-selective agar growth medium, incubated at 30°C, showed

generally low results. Seven of the examined samples (22 %) had plate counts above 1000 cfu/g.

The highest number was 6.0 x 104 cfu/g, found in prawn (Acetes sp.) flour imported from

Thailand.

Fifty-four of the examined samples (64 %) had general plate counts (PC) at 20°C above the

value of 1000 cfu/g. The highest counts were 2.5 x 107/g in a sample of tiger prawn (Penaeus

monodon) from Vietnam and 6.0 x 106/g in one sample of tuna (Thunnus albacares) imported

from Sri Lanka.

The number of H2S producing bacteria (H2SPB) at 20°C incubation was generally low in most

examined samples. Eight of the 84 examined samples (10 %) had > 1000 cfu/g H2SPB. The

highest number was found in a sample of tuna (T. albacares) from Sri Lanka, with 4.3 x 106

cfu/g.

One sample of scallop (Placopecten sp.) imported from USA was examined for E. coli by the

Donovan MPN method. The sample had < 20 bacteria/100 gram sample material (result not

shown in Table 1).

Eighty-seven samples were analysed for coliforms by an agar plate assay, and all except five

samples contained < 10 cfu/g. The highest counts, 5.0 x 103 and 4.1 x 103 coliforms/g,

respectively, were found in one sample of Atlantic salmon (S. salar) from Chile and one sample

of scampi (Penaeus monodon) from Vietnam, respectively.

Most results for determination of thermotolerant coliform bacteria (TCB) in a total of 110

samples examined by agar plate assay were under the limit of detection of 10 cfu/g. However,

in one sample of tuna (T. albacares) from Sri Lanka, 20 TCB/g were found. This was in the

same above-mentioned sample with the high general bacterial counts.

The number of Staphylococcus aureus, sulphite-reducing bacteria and bacteria in the family

Enterobacteriaceae, were generally under their respective levels of detection. However, one


11

samples gave counts of 1.7 x 103 sulphite-reducing cfu/g for a sample of dried anchovies

(Stolephorus sp.) from Sri Lanka.

For enterococci, five of 89 examined samples were above the detection limit of 100 cfu/g. The

highest number of enterococci was 7.0 x 103 cfu/g in a sample of pangasius (Pangasius

bocourti) imported from Vietnam.

Eighty-six samples were analysed for L. monocytogenes during 2013, and the bacterium were

detected by the qualitative method in five of these. The samples were Atlantic salmon (Salmo

salar) from Chile (three samples), one Pangasius (Pangasius bocourti) from Vietnam and one

Colorado snapper (Lutjanus colorado) imported from Sri Lanka.

Pathogens in the genera Salmonella and Vibrio was not detected in any of the 89 samples

analysed during 2013.

4.2. Parasites

A total of 56 samples of fish were subjected to a parasitological assay. The results are listed in

Table 2. Nematodes were found in eight samples (14%). The highest numbers of nematodes

were found in a sample of Atlantic cod (15 nematodes). Nematodes were also found, with a

lower infection intensity, in samples of redfish, Atlantic halibut and Pacific saury. At the point

of analysis all parasites were dead.

4.3. Drug residues and dyes

A total of 33 samples of farmed fish, shellfish, crustaceans or mixed seafood products were

examined for residues of illegal drugs and dyes. The leuco forms of crystal violet and malachite

green are formed as biodegradation products in fish treated with the parent compound. The

presence of the parent compounds or any of the leuco-compounds would be indicative of illegal

use of these agents. The data are listed in Table 3.

The samples were also analysed for the presence of chloramphenicol and the nitrofurane

metabolites 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone

(AMOZ), 1-amino-hydantoin (AHD) and semicarbazide (SEM). The data are listed in Table 4.

Except for SEM, no residue of dyes or residues of other therapeutics was detected in any of the

samples. One sample of boiled and frozen freshwater crayfish imported from China were

analysed to 1.2 µg/kg semicarbazide (SEM) measured as sum of free and bound substance.

SEM is a metabolite of nitrofurazone. Nitrofurazone is a veterinary drug prohibited for use in

food-producing animals. Bound SEM is used as a specific marker for the illegal use of this drug,

and a minimum required performance level (MRPL) for the method of 1.0 µg/kg has been

established. However, SEM in some processed foods may originate from other sources than


12

from the administration of nitrofurazone. In particular, the presence of SEM has been reported

in cooked crayfish. The exact source of the metabolite in these species is not yet known. The

EU Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health has concluded that the presence

of SEM in processed foods cannot conclusively be linked to the administration of nitrofurazone

to the live animals. Only a detection in the unprocessed raw materials is a reliable indicator of

illegal administration.

4.4. Chemical spoilage and rancidity indicators

In total 29 samples of marine fish were analysed for chemical spoilage parameters (Table 5).

The data include histamine (13 samples), the TBARS rancidity data (18 samples) and the total

volatile basic nitrogen data (TVB-N) (29 samples). The highest histamine level was found in

dried anchovies from Sri Lanka: 53 mg/kg w.w. The other, a sample of tuna also from Sri Lanka

had 10 mg/kg. One sample of Pacific saury from Korea had a TBARS level of 60 nmol/g w.w.,

whereas the remaining samples had concentrations under 10 nmol/g. The highest values of

TVB-N was found in the same dried anchovies from Sri Lanka, with a concentration of 142

mg/100g. A sample of tuna from Vietnam had TVB-N values of 28 mg/100g w.w. The values

in Table 5 are all below their maximum levels, and the values in themselves are no reason for

a food safety concern. The data do however suggest that some of the imported seafood have

been exposed to improper storage or transport conditions.

4.5. Heavy metals

The elemental concentration of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury were analysed (Table 6).

The number of analysed samples were 114. The legal maximum levels are summarised in

Annex 3.

4.5.1. Arsenic (As)

There is no legal limit for arsenic in fish and fishery products. In marine species, arsenic is

mainly present in chemical species of low toxicity, such as arsenobetaine. This differs from

food of terrestrial origin, where inorganic toxic arsenic species give a significant contribution

to the total arsenic concentration. The highest concentration of total arsenic in our samples

was 30 mg/kg found in a cod imported from Russia. From the data found in the NIFES

seafood database, this value lies in the normal range. Given the low toxicity of arsenic in lean

fish fillets, this value gives no reason for concern. (NIFES Sea food database:

http://www.nifes.no/index.php?page_id=137&lang_id=2).

4.5.2. Cadmium (Cd)

Of the 114 analysed samples, only 67 were in the measurable range and 47 were below. The

highest elemental concentrations were found in three samples of squid: 8.2, 8.0 and 6. 2 mg

Cd/kg w.w. These values are above the maximum level for cadmium in cephalopods. Two of

http://www.nifes.no/index.php?page_id=137&lang_id=2


13

these samples were imported from Argentine and one from New Zealand. A sample of dried

anchovies was measured to 0.4 mg Cd/kg d.w. The maximum level is defined in terms of the

naturally moist sample. Taking into account that the sample was dried, the value was below the

limit.

4.5.3. Mercury (Hg)

All 114 samples were in the measurable range. No sample was classified as non-compliant in

regard to the regulatory maximum level. The value for one sample of giant stargazer was 0.57

mg Hg/kg w.w. However, when the measurement uncertainty was taken into account this value

was below the maximum level. It was observed that a considerable proportion of the tuna

samples had values >0.3 mg Hg/kg w.w.

4.5.4. Lead (Pb)

All but 29 of the 114 analysed samples were below the measurable range for of elemental lead.

Of the 29, the measured levels were generally low and no sample had a concentration above its

maximum level.

4.6. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs)

Samples were analysed for dioxins (PCDDs), furans (PCDFs), dioxin-like PCBs (DL-PCBs),

non dioxin-like PCBs (PCB6 or “indicator” PCBs), polybrominated flame retardants (PBDEs),

chlorinated pesticides and PAHs. Since the POPs compounds are of lipophilic character, the

highest levels are found in fat- and oil rich tissues. Thus, the fillet concentration in fat-rich fish

are generally higher than in lean fish. In general, for lean fish, the levels in the fillet are low,

while higher levels may be found in the liver. All regulatory limits for POPs in seafood are

defined on a wet weight basis. (Annex 3)

4.6.1. The dioxins; PCDDs, PCDFs and DL-PCBs

A total of 15 samples were analysed. The data are listed in Table 7. All analytical levels are

given as TEQ values (toxic equivalent value, WHO 2005), and the sums have been calculated

on an upper bound basis (UB). No sample had concentrations above its maximum level. The

two highest sum TEQ values of 3.26 and 2.94 pg TEQ/g w.w were found in oils from Peru. The

four samples with highest values for total sum TEQ were all oils intended for human

consumption. The DL-PCBs were the major contributors to the total sum TEQ values. Oils for

human consumption have a unique maximum level of 1.75 pg TEQ/g for the sum of PCDD/F.

The examined oils were compliant with this limit. The seafood sample with the highest level of

sum PCDD/F was a sample of Greenland halibut imported from Russia, with 0.97 pg sum TEQ

/g w.w.


14

4.6.2. The non-dioxin like PCBs (the PCB6 or “indicator” PCBs).

The data for the non-dioxin like PCBs are listed in Table 8. A total of 37 samples were analysed.

Unlike the DL-PCBs, the data are given in µg/kg w.w. units. Regulatory maximum levels are

defined for the UB-sum of these six congeners (Annex 3). No sample exceeded its maximum

level. The two highest levels of UB sum PCB6, were 15.9 and 14.9 µg/kg w.w., found in two

oil samples from Peru. The sample with the highest level of PCB6, was of Greenland halibut

from Russia, with an UB sum of 10.1 µg/kg w.w.

4.6.3. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE)

The data for the PBDEs are listed in Table 9. A total of 14 samples were analysed for seven

PBDEs. In contrast to the dioxins and PCBs, no regulatory limits are currently in force for the

PBDEs. These compounds have a lower toxicity than the equivalent PCBs. Still, their close

structural relationship to the PCBs makes a comparison of the data relevant. The highest

analytical values for the UB sum PBDE7 were 1.1 and 1.3 µg/kg w.w., found in two oil samples

from Peru. This is an order of magnitude lower than the highest UB sum of PCB6 for the same

samples. The PBDE-47 congener was the main contributor to the PBDE7 sum. Many congeners

were below the LOQ, as reflected in the difference between the UB sum and the LB sum (Table

9).

4.6.4. Pesticides – organochlorine pesticides

A total of 32 samples were analysed for chlorinated pesticides (Table 10). There are currently

no legal limits for organochlorine pesticides in oil or other fishery products intended for human

consumption. In most samples the results showed concentrations < LOQ. When a detection

were made, the analysed non oil seafood had lower values than the analysed oil samples. Of the

examined organochlorine pesticides, the DDTs and in particular the p,p’-substituted DDT

compounds had the highest concentrations. Two oil samples from Peru showed concentrations

of 31 and 28 µg/kg for p,p’-DDE, 11 and 13 µg/kg for o,p’-DDD and 5 and 6 µg/kg for p,p’-

DDD, respectively. The highest detected level for other pesticides was 7.4 µg/kg w.w. cis-

chlordane and 7.0 µg/kg w.w. toxaphene-62 in a sample of Greenland halibut imported from

Russia.

4.6.5. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons, PAH

The PAHs is a class of chemical substances with many compounds, some classified as

carcinogenic. A new set of maximum levels for the sum of four PAHs (PAH4), were put in force


15

from September 20121 (Annex 3). In contrast to the regulatory limits of other POPs, the PAH4

limits are calculated in terms of the LB sum, thus only measureable values contribute. A total

of 16 samples were analysed for the PAHs (Table 11), and all samples were compliant in regard

to their respective maximum levels.

5. Conclusion

In total 128 samples, collected by Food Authority staff at the Norwegian Border Inspection

Points, were analysed for chemical, microbiological and parasitological undesirables. The

results for microbiological quality parameters and indicator organisms for faecal contamination

generally showed low numbers. L. monocytogenes were detected in five of 86 samples, whereas

pathogens in the genera Salmonella and Vibrio was not detected. Parasitological examinations

showed the presence of nematodes in 14% of the analysed fish. All parasites were dead on the

point of analysis. All aquaculture products were analysed for pharmaceuticals, without

detectable residues. One crustacean sample contained semicarbazide (SEM), a possible

metabolite of nitrofurane. However, as SEM can be formed during heat treatment of crustaceans

its detection is not a conclusive proof of illegal administration of nitrofurans to species in this

group. Regarding the environmental pollutants, three squid samples were found to be above the

regulatory maximum level for Cd.

1 Commission Regulation (EU) 835/2011 of 19 August 2011.

Table 1. Microbiological parameters, n=117. Abbreviations: n.d.: not detected; CFU: Colony forming units; H2SPB: H2S producing bacteria; PC: Plate count, Ent.: Enterobacteriaceae.

Aerobe PC (cfu/g) agar method

Indicator organisms

(cfu/g) by agar method

Fecal indicator organisms (cfu/g) by

agar method Specific pathogens

30°C 20°C

En

tero

co

ccu

s

Co

ag

. po

s.

Sta

ph

ylo

co

ccu

s

Su

lph

.-red

. ba

ct.

En

t.

Co

liform

s

Th

erm

oto

lera

nt

co

liform

s

Lis

teria

mo

no

cyto

ge

nes

Salm

on

ella

Vib

rio

Aero

bes

H2SPB

PC

Journal No. From Species Scientific name Tissue Incubation

test /g /g /g /g /g /g /g /g /g /25 g cfu/g

/25 g

/20 g

2013-112/1

Chile A. salmon Salmo salar Fillet <1000 74000 <100 <10 <10 Detected <100 n.d. n.d.

2013-114/1 Chile A. salmon Salmo salar Fillet <1000 36000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-115/1 China Freshwater crayfish

Procambarus clarkii

Claw/white meat

<1000 <100 <100 <10 n.d. n.d.

2013-117/1 USA Scallop Placopecten sp. Muscle 1000 1000 <100 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-118/1 India Scampi

Litopenaeus vannamei (former Penaeus vannamei)

Claw/white meat

1000 237000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-143/1 Thailand Processed product (bigeye)

Priacanthus tayenus

Fish balls <1000 <100 <100 <100 <10 n.d. n.d.

2013-144/1 Chile A. salmon Salmo salar Fillet 1000 74000 100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.


2013-146/1 Thailand Processed product (bigeye)

Priacanthus tayenus

Fish balls <1000 <100 <100 <100 <10 n.d. n.d.

2013-147/1 Thailand

Processed product (bigeye + cuttlefish)

Priacanthus tayenus + Sepia pharaonis

Fish balls <100 <100 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.

2013-148/1 Thailand Scampi

Litopenaeus

vannamei (former Penaeus vannamei)

Claw/white meat

<1000 <100 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.

2013-149/1 Chile A. salmon Salmo salar Fillet <1000 12000 <100 <10 <10 Detected <100 n.d. n.d.

2013-150/1 Chile A. salmon Salmo salar Dressed <1000 2000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-151/1 Vietnam Tuna Thunnus albacares

Fillet <1000 5000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

ANNEX 1: DATA TABLES


17



Indicator organisms




30°C 20°C

En

tero

co

ccu

s

Co

ag

. po

s.

Sta

ph

ylo

co

ccu

s

Su

lph

.-red

. ba

ct.

En

t.

Co

liform

s

Th

erm

oto

lera

nt

co

liform

s

Lis

teria

mo

no

cyto

ge

nes

Salm

on

ella

Vib

rio

Aero

bes

H2SPB

PC



/25 g

/20 g


2013-154/1 Chile A. salmon Salmo salar Fillet 1000 43000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-157/1 China Processed product (salmon)

Salmo salar Minced fish <1000 42000 <100 <10 <10 n.d.

2013-200/1 Chile Marine fish oils

n.a. Marine oils <1000 <100 <10 n.d.

2013-211/1 Vietnam Scampi Penaeus

monodon

Claw/white meat

<1000 <1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-214/1 Peru Crab Platyxanthus

orbignyi

Claw/white

meat <1000 <1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-219/1 Vietnam Scampi Penaeus

monodon

Claw/white meat

<1000 <1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-223/1 Turkey Tuna Auxis thazard Fillet Neg. <1000

2013-224/1 Canada Lobster n.a. Alive/round <1000 <1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-225/1 Japan Yellowtail Seriola sp. Dressed <1000 <1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-226/1 Indonesia Tuna Thunnus albacares

Fillet <1000 <1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-228/1 Vietnam Tuna Thunnus albacares

Fillet 1000 4000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-229/1 Canada Lobster Homarus americanus

Alive/round <1000 1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-230/1 Japan Yellowtail Seriola sp. Dressed <1000 <1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.


18



Indicator organisms




30°C 20°C

En

tero

co

ccu

s

Co

ag

. po

s.

Sta

ph

ylo

co

ccu

s

Su

lph

.-red

. ba

ct.

En

t.

Co

liform

s

Th

erm

oto

lera

nt

co

liform

s

Lis

teria

mo

no

cyto

ge

nes

Salm

on

ella

Vib

rio

Aero

bes

H2SPB

PC



/25 g

/20 g

2013-234/1 Russia Greenland halibut

Reinhardtius hippoglossoides

Dressed <1000 22000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-235/1 Ref. No. 17130044

Cod Gadus morhua Roe <1000 10000 <100 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.

2013-236/1 Russia Redfish Sebastes marinus

Dressed <1000 22000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-266/1 Japan Seabream Pagrus major Round <1000 1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-267/1 Sri Lanka Sword fish Xiphia gladius Fillet 132000 460000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-293/1 Peru Marine fish oils

n.a. Marine oils <1000 <100 <10 n.d.

2013-295/1 Peru Marine fish oils

n.a. Marine oils <1000 <100 <10 n.d.

2013-312/1 China Processed product (surimi)

n.a. LobNobs <1000 <100 <10 n.d.

2013-314/1 Vietnam Tuna n.a. Canned tuna

Neg. <1000

2013-315/1 Korea Tuna Thunnus albacares

Fillet <1000 <1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.



2013-389/1 India Scampi Litopenaeus vannamei

Claw/white meat

2000 320000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.


19



Indicator organisms




30°C 20°C

En

tero

co

ccu

s

Co

ag

. po

s.

Sta

ph

ylo

co

ccu

s

Su

lph

.-red

. ba

ct.

En

t.

Co

liform

s

Th

erm

oto

lera

nt

co

liform

s

Lis

teria

mo

no

cyto

ge

nes

Salm

on

ella

Vib

rio

Aero

bes

H2SPB

PC



/25 g

/20 g

(former Penaeus vannamei)

2013-390/1 Vietnam Pangasius Pangasius bocourti

Fillet <1000 30000 100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-391/1 Chile A. salmon Salmo salar Fillet <1000 116000 <100 5000 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-392/1 Chile A. salmon Salmo salar Fillet <1000 23000 <100 <10 <10 Detected <100 n.d. n.d.

2013-393/1 New Zealand Monkfish Kathetostoma giganteum

Fillet <1000 30000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-394/1 China Tilapia Oreochromis Round <1000 131000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-395/1 Philippines Milkfish Chanos chanos Round <1000 <1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.


2013-433/1 Philippines Tuna Thunnus

albacares Fillet <1000 1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-506/1 Chile A. salmon Salmo salar Fillet <1000 <1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-507/1 China Tilapia Oreochromis sp. Gilled & gutted

<1000 <1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.



Claw/white meat

<1000 <1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-596/1 Japan Yellowtail Seriola spp Fillet <1000 <1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-604/1 Japan Yellowtail Seriola spp Dressed <1000 <1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.


20



Indicator organisms




30°C 20°C

En

tero

co

ccu

s

Co

ag

. po

s.

Sta

ph

ylo

co

ccu

s

Su

lph

.-red

. ba

ct.

En

t.

Co

liform

s

Th

erm

oto

lera

nt

co

liform

s

Lis

teria

mo

no

cyto

ge

nes

Salm

on

ella

Vib

rio

Aero

bes

H2SPB

PC



/25 g

/20 g

2013-606/1 Canada Lobster Homarus sp. Alive/round <1000 114000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-607/1 Chile A. salmon Salmo salar Fillet 1000 173000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-608/1 Vietnam Scampi Penaeus monodon

Claw/white meat

1000 26000 <100 4100 - n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-611/1 Vietnam Pangasius Pangasius bocourti

Fillet <1000 44000 7000 920 <10 Detected <100 n.d. n.d.


Claw/white meat

3000 <100 <100 10 <10 n.d. n.d.


Claw/white meat

<1000 <100 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.


Mixed meat brown/ white

<1000 1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-614/1 Peru Arapaima Arapaima gigas Fillet <1000 60000 <100 0 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-617/1 Russia Halibut Hipppoglossus hippoglossus

Dressed <1000 <1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-619/1 Russia Cod Gadus morhua Dressed <1000 <1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-620/1 Russia Cod Gadus morhua Fillet <1000 <1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-621/1 Russia Cod Gadus morhua Dressed <1000 1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-622/1 Russia Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus

Dressed 1000 1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-623/1 Russia Cod Gadus morhua Fillet 6000 640000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-624/1 Russia Cod Gadus morhua Fillet 5000 260000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.


21



Indicator organisms




30°C 20°C

En

tero

co

ccu

s

Co

ag

. po

s.

Sta

ph

ylo

co

ccu

s

Su

lph

.-red

. ba

ct.

En

t.

Co

liform

s

Th

erm

oto

lera

nt

co

liform

s

Lis

teria

mo

no

cyto

ge

nes

Salm

on

ella

Vib

rio

Aero

bes

H2SPB

PC



/25 g

/20 g

2013-625/1 Russia Cod Gadus morhua Dressed <1000 10000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-795/1 Russia Cod Gadus morhua Roe <1000 12000 <100 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.

2013-800/1 Russia Cod Gadus morhua Roe <1000 94000 <100 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d.

2013-833/1 China Pollock Pollachius virens Fillet <1000 3000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-834/1 China Pacific halibut

Hippoglossus stenolepis

Fillet <1000 2000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-835/1 Morocco Fish oil (sardine)

Sardina pilchardus

Sardine oil <1000 <100 <10 n.d.

2013-836/1 Peru Fish oil (anchoveta)

Engraulis ringens

Anvhovy oil <1000 <100 <10 n.d.

2013-837/1 China Pollock Pollachius virens Fillet <1000 <1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-838/1 Peru Fish oil (anchoveta)

Engraulis

ringens Anvhovy oil <1000 <100 <10 n.d.

2013-839/1 China Cod Gadus morhua Fillet <1000 <100 <100 <100 <10 n.d.

2013-840/1 China Alaska pollock

Theragra chalcogramma

Fillet <1000 7000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-841/1 China Pacific halibut

Hippoglossus stenolepis

Fillet <1000 44000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-842/1 China Cod Gadus morhua Fillet <1000 22000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-855/1 China Processed product

n.a. <1000 <100 <10 n.d.


22



Indicator organisms




30°C 20°C

En

tero

co

ccu

s

Co

ag

. po

s.

Sta

ph

ylo

co

ccu

s

Su

lph

.-red

. ba

ct.

En

t.

Co

liform

s

Th

erm

oto

lera

nt

co

liform

s

Lis

teria

mo

no

cyto

ge

nes

Salm

on

ella

Vib

rio

Aero

bes

H2SPB

PC



/25 g

/20 g

(roe and sperm)

2013-856/1 Peru Trout n.a. Gilled & gutted

<1000 14000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-857/1 Vietnam Scampi Penaeus sp. Claw/white meat

<1000 20000 200 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-858/1 China Pollock Pollachius virens Fillet <1000 6000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-962/1 Morocco Marine oils n.a. Marine oils <1000 <100 <10 n.d.

2013-1097/1 Sri Lanka Anchovies, dried

Stolephorus sp. Round 45000 <100 <100 1700 <10 n.d.

2013-1098/1 Sri Lanka Prawns

Fenneropenaeus indicus (former Penaeus indicus)

Round 34000 <100 <100 <100 <10 n.d.


Claw/white meat

<1000 <1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-1103/1 Canada Feed n.a. Mixed product / dry feed

19000 <100 <100 <100 <10 n.d.

2013-1104/1 Chile Salmon Salmo salar Fillet <1000 <1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-1105/1 China Freshwater crayfish

Procambarus clarkii

Claw/white meat

<1000 <100 <100 <10 n.d. n.d.

2013-1107/1 Chile Salmon Salmo salar Fillet <1000 18000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-1197/1 Thailand Flour Acetes sp. Flour 60000 <10 <10 n.d.


23



Indicator organisms




30°C 20°C

En

tero

co

ccu

s

Co

ag

. po

s.

Sta

ph

ylo

co

ccu

s

Su

lph

.-red

. ba

ct.

En

t.

Co

liform

s

Th

erm

oto

lera

nt

co

liform

s

Lis

teria

mo

no

cyto

ge

nes

Salm

on

ella

Vib

rio

Aero

bes

H2SPB

PC



/25 g

/20 g

2013-1348/1 Russia Cod Gadus morhua Fillet <1000 68000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-1349/1 Russia Cod Gadus morhua Fillet <1000 450000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-1388/1 Vietnam Crab Cancer pagurus Claw + mixed meat brown/white

8000 <100 <100 <10 n.d. n.d.


1000 <100 <100 <10 n.d. n.d.


9000 <100 <100 <10 n.d. n.d.

2013-1427/1 Peru Crab Brachyura sp. Claw + mixed meat brown/white

1000 <100 <100 <10 n.d. n.d.

2013-1474/1 USA Fish oil (Gulf menhaden)

Brevoortia patronus

Gulf menhaden fish oil

<1000 <100 <10 n.d.

2013-1475/1 USA Fish oil (Gulf menhaden)

Brevoortia patronus

Gulf menhaden fish oil

1000 <100 <10 n.d.

2013-1513/1 Philippines Sardines n.a. Canned sardines

Neg. <1000

2013-1649/1 Argentina Squid Illex sp. Round <1000 <1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-1659/1 Argentina Squid Illex sp. Pieces <1000 10000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.


24



Indicator organisms




30°C 20°C

En

tero

co

ccu

s

Co

ag

. po

s.

Sta

ph

ylo

co

ccu

s

Su

lph

.-red

. ba

ct.

En

t.

Co

liform

s

Th

erm

oto

lera

nt

co

liform

s

Lis

teria

mo

no

cyto

ge

nes

Salm

on

ella

Vib

rio

Aero

bes

H2SPB

PC



/25 g

/20 g

2013-1673/1 Argentina Squid Illex sp. <1000 22000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-1675/1 Peru Marine oils n.a. Marine oils <1000 <100 <10 n.d.

2013-1676/1 Vietnam Tiger prawns

Penaeus monodon

Claw/white meat

170000 >25000000 TNTC <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-1674/1 Korea Pacific saury

Cololabis saira Round <1000 <1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.


2013-1737/1 USA Alaska pollock

Theragra chalcogramma

Minced fish 3000 170000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-1738/1 Japan Fish feed n.a. Fish feed 1000 <10 <10 n.d.

2013-1838/1 Sri Lanka Tuna Thunnus

albacares Fillet 4300000 6000000 300 10 20 n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-1840/1 Sri Lanka Colorado snapper

Lutjanus colorado

Round 76000 640000 <100 <10 <10 Detected <10 n.d. n.d.

2013-1904/1 Taiwan Pacific saury

Cololabis saira Round <1000 <1000 <100 <10 <10 n.d. n.d. n.d.


25

Table 2. Number of nematodes, n=57. For Latin names refer to Table 1.

Journal No. Imported from Group Species Tissue Preservation # Nematodes

2013-234/1 Russia Marine fish Atlantic halibut Muscle Frozen 0

2013-393/1 New Zealand Marine fish Monkfish Muscle Frozen 0

2013-1840/1 Sri Lanka Marine fish Colorado snapper Muscle Frozen 0

2013-622/1 Russia Marine fish Haddock Muscle Frozen 0

2013-617/1 Russia Marine fish Atlantic halibut Muscle Frozen 2

2013-834/1 China Marine fish Atlantic halibut Muscle Frozen 0

2013-841/1 China Marine fish Pacific halibut Muscle Frozen 0

2013-1104/1 Chile Marine fish Atlantic salmon Muscle Frozen 0














26









2013-1674/1 Taiwan Marine fish Pacific saury Muscle Frozen 1

2013-1904/1 Taiwan Marine fish Pacific saury Muscle Frozen 0

2013-395/1 Philippines Marine fish Milkfish Muscle Frozen 0

2013-614/1 Peru Marine fish Arpaima Muscle Frozen 0

2013-390/1 Vietnam Freshwater fish Pangasius Muscle Frozen 0

2013-611/1 Vietnam Freshwater fish Pangasius Muscle Frozen 0

2013-840/1 China Marine fish Atlantic pollock Muscle Frozen 0

2013-1737/1 USA Marine fish Atlantic pollock Muscle Frozen 0

2013-266/1 Japan Marine fish Seabream Muscle Frozen 0




2013-267/1 Sri Lanka Marine fish Swordfish Muscle Frozen 0

2013-507/1 China Marine fish Tilapia Muscle Frozen 0

2013-394/1 China Marine fish Tilapia Muscle Frozen 0

2013-619/1 Russia Marine fish Atlantic cod Muscle Frozen 5



27







2013-842/1 China Marine fish Atlantic cod Muscle Frozen 5



2013-315/1 Korea Marine fish Tuna Muscle Frozen 0

2013-151/1 Vietnam Marine fish Tuna Muscle Frozen 0

2013-236/1 Russia Marine fish Redfish Muscle Frozen 10

2013-225/1 Japan Marine fish Yellowtail Muscle Frozen 0



Number of samples 56

Maximum number of

nematodes 15

Number of infected

fish 8


28

Table 3. Residues of and prohibited veterinary medicines: Dyes, n=33.

n.d.: not detected, CV: crystal violet, LCV: leuco crystal violet, MG: malachite green LMG: leuco malachite green, BG: brilliant green

Journal No. Imported from Group Species Scientific name Preservation

CV

LOD: 0.3 µg/kg

LCV

LOD: 0.15 µg/kg

MG

LOD: 0.15 µg/kg

LMG

LOD: 0.15 µg/kg

BG

LOD: 0.15 µg/kg

2013-112/1 Chile Farmed fish A. salmon Salmo salar Vacuum packed, frozen n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.


2013-115/1 China Farmed

crustacean Freshwater

crayfish Procambarus clarkii Boiled, frozen n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-118/1 India Farmed

crustacean Scampi


Frozen raw n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.



2013-148/1 Thailand Farmed

crustacean Scampi


Salted, frozen n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.


2013-150/1 Chile Farmed fish A. salmon Salmo salar Frozen raw n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.



2013-157/1 China Farmed fish Processed

product (salmon)

Salmo salar Raw, vacuum packed, frozen n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-219/1 Vietnam Farmed

crustacean Scampi Penaeus monodon Frozen raw n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-225/1 Japan Farmed fish Yellowtail Seriola sp. Raw, chilled n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.


2013-266/1 Japan Farmed fish Seabream Pagrus major Raw, chilled n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.




29

Table 3. Residues of and prohibited veterinary medicines: Dyes, n=33.

n.d.: not detected, CV: crystal violet, LCV: leuco crystal violet, MG: malachite green LMG: leuco malachite green, BG: brilliant green

Journal No. Imported from Group Species Scientific name Preservation

CV

LOD: 0.3 µg/kg

LCV

LOD: 0.15 µg/kg

MG

LOD: 0.15 µg/kg

LMG

LOD: 0.15 µg/kg

BG

LOD: 0.15 µg/kg

2013-389/1 India Farmed fish Scampi Litopenaeus vannamei

(former Penaeus vannamei) Frozen raw n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-390/1 Vietnam Farmed fish Pangasius Pangasius bocourti Frozen raw n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.



2013-395/1 Philippines Farmed fish Milkfish Chanos chanos Vacuum packed, frozen n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.



2013-507/1 China Farmed fish Tilapia Oreochromis sp. Frozen raw n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.


2013-596/1 Japan Farmed fish Yellowtail Seriola sp Chilled n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-604/1 Japan Farmed fish Yellowtail Seriola sp Chilled n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.



2013-614/1 Peru Farmed fish Paiche Arapaima gigas Frozen raw n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.



30

Table 4. Residues of prohibited veterinary medicines: Chloramphenicol, nitrofurans and their metabolites, n=32.

CAM: chloramphenicol, AOZ: 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone, AMOZ: 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone, AHD: 1-amino-hydantoin, SEM: semicarbazide

Journal No. Imported

from Group Species Scientific name Preservation

CAM

LOD: 0.25 µg/kg

AHD

LOD: 0.6 µg/kg

AMOZ

LOD: 0.4 µg/kg

AOZ

LOD: 0.5 µg/kg

SEM

LOD: 0.5 µg/kg



2013-115/1 China Farmed crustacean

Freshwater crayfish Procambarus clarkii Boiled, frozen n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. 1.2

2013-118/1 India Farmed crustacean

Scampi Litopenaeus vannamei (former Penaeus vannamei)




2013-148/1 Thailand Farmed crustacean

Scampi Litopenaeus vannamei (former Penaeus vannamei)

Salted, frozen n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.





2013-157/1 China Farmed fish Processed product (salmon)

Salmo salar Raw, vacuum packed, frozen n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.



2013-266/1 Japan Farmed fish Seabream Pagrus major Raw, chilled n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.



2013-389/1 India Farmed fish Scampi Litopenaeus vannamei (former Penaeus vannamei)





31

Table 4. Residues of prohibited veterinary medicines: Chloramphenicol, nitrofurans and their metabolites, n=32.

CAM: chloramphenicol, AOZ: 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone, AMOZ: 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone, AHD: 1-amino-hydantoin, SEM: semicarbazide


from Group Species Scientific name Preservation

CAM

LOD: 0.25 µg/kg

AHD

LOD: 0.6 µg/kg

AMOZ

LOD: 0.4 µg/kg

AOZ

LOD: 0.5 µg/kg

SEM

LOD: 0.5 µg/kg


2013-395/1 Philippines Farmed fish Milkfish Chanos chanos Vacuum packed, frozen n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.



2013-507/1 China Farmed fish Tilapia Oreochromis sp. Frozen raw n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.


2013-596/1 Japan Farmed fish Yellowtail Seriola sp. Chilled n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

2013-604/1 Japan Farmed fish Yellowtail Seriola sp. Chilled n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.



2013-614/1 Peru Farmed fish Paiche Arapaima gigas Frozen raw n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.



32

Table 5. Rancidity and spoilage parameters, n=29.

TBARS: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TVB-N: Total volatile basic nitrogen


from Species Scient. name Tissue

Histamine mg/kg w.w.

TBARS nmol/g w.w.

TVB-N mg/100g

w.w.

2013-112/1 Chile A. salmon Salmo salar Fillet 14

2013-114/1 Chile A. salmon Salmo salar Fillet 14.1

2013-144/1 Chile A. salmon Salmo salar Fillet 4.8 14.4

2013-145/1 Chile A. salmon Salmo salar Fillet <4.0 13.7


2013-150/1 Chile A. salmon Salmo salar Fillet <5 <4.0 12.7



2013-157/1 China A. salmon Salmo salar Minced meat 8.7 9.9

2013-840/1 China Alaska Pollock Theragra

chalcogramma Fillet 13.6

2013-1097/1 Sri Lanka Anchovies, dried Stolephorus sp. Fillet 53 141.6

2013-842/1 China Cod Gadus morhua Fillet 9.4

2013-433/1 Philippines Tuna Thunnus albacares Fillet <5 4.2 21.8

2013-393/1 New Zealand Monkfish Kathetostoma

giganteum Fillet 11.1

2013-312/1 China n.a. n.a. LobNobs 4.3

2013-1674/1 Korea Pacific saury Cololabis saira Fillet <5 60 18.8

2013-833/1 China Pollock Pollachius virens Fillet 16

2013-837/1 China Pollock Pollachius virens Fillet 11.6

2013-858/1 China Pollock Pollachius virens Fillet 11.4

2013-1513/1 Philippines Sardines n.a. Whole <5 <4.0 34.3

2013-223/1 Turkey Scampi Auxis thazard Fillet <5 4.3 21


33

Table 5. Rancidity and spoilage parameters, n=29.

TBARS: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TVB-N: Total volatile basic nitrogen


from Species Scient. name Tissue

Histamine mg/kg w.w.

TBARS nmol/g w.w.

TVB-N mg/100g

w.w.

2013-267/1 Sri Lanka Sword fish Xiphia gladius Fillet <5 <4.0 12.9

2013-394/1 China Tilapia Oreochromis Fillet 15.1

2013-151/1 Vietnam Tuna Thunnus albacares Fillet <5 4.1 19

2013-226/1 Indonesia Tuna Thunnus albacares Fillet <5 <4.0 18.7

2013-228/1 Vietnam Tuna Thunnus albacares Fillet <5 <4.0 21.1

2013-314/1 Vietnam Tuna n.a. Fillet 5.3 5.9 27.8

2013-315/1 Korea Tuna Thunnus albacares Fillet <5 <4.0 17.2

2013-1838/1 Sri Lanka Tuna Thunnus albacares Fillet 10 <4.0 21.6

Samples analysed 13 17 29

Maximum value 53 60 142


34

Table 6. Heavy metal composition, n=114.

n.a.: Data not available. Sample As Cd Hg Pb


from Species Scient. name

Tissue mg/kg w.w. mg/kg w.w. mg/kg w.w. mg/kg w.w.

2013-1197/1 Thailand Prawns Acetes sp. Flour 2.2 0.11 0.013 0.33

2013-614/1 Peru Paiche Arapaima gigas Fillet 0.19 < 0.001 0.028 < 0.006

2013-223/1 Turkey Tuna Auxis thazard Fillet 0.60 0.016 0.050 < 0.01

2013-1427/1 Peru Crab Brachyura sp. Claw + mixed

meat brown/white 16 0.061 0.035 0.007

2013-1388/1 Vietnam Crab Cancer pagurus Claw + mixed

meat brown/white 14 0.022 0.092 0.015


meat brown/white 20 0.24 0.099 0.007


meat brown/white 18 0.065 0.113 0.017

2013-395/1 Philippines Milkfish Chanos chanos Fillet 0.16 < 0.001 0.011 < 0.008

2013-1674/1 Korea Pacific saury Cololabis saira Fillet 2.1 0.019 0.059 < 0.01

2013-1904/1 Taiwan Pacific saury Cololabis saira Fillet 2.9 0.015 0.072 < 0.02

2013-1954/1 S.-Korea Oyster Crassostrea Gigas Fillet 3.8 0.38 0.007 0.11

2013-1098/1 Sri Lanka Prawns Fenneropenaeus indicus

(formerly Penaeus indicus) Fillet 2.8 0.094 0.028 0.23

2013-235/1 Russia Cod Gadus morhua Roe 1.2 0.002 0.010 < 0.009

2013-619/1 Russia Cod Gadus morhua Fillet 7.1 0.001 0.034 < 0.005

2013-620/1 Russia Cod Gadus morhua Fillet 5.9 < 0.0008 0.046 < 0.005

2013-621/1 Russia Cod Gadus morhua Fillet 2.0 0.001 0.024 < 0.005



2013-625/1 Russia Cod Gadus morhua Fillet 13 0.0009 0.027 < 0.004




35






2013-839/1 China Cod Gadus morhua Fillet 2.1 0.002 0.058 < 0.01

2013-842/1 China Cod Gadus morhua Fillet 1.3 < 0.0006 0.014 < 0.004


2013-1349/1 Russia Cod Gadus morhua Fillet 30 < 0.0007 0.033 < 0.004

2013-1235/6 China Halibut Hipoglossus stenobejius Fillet 0.84 < 0.0009 0.26 < 0.006

2013-834/1 China Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis Fillet 0.90 < 0.001 0.099 < 0.006

2013-841/1 China Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis Fillet 1.2 0.002 0.057 < 0.006

2013-617/1 Russia Halibut Hipppoglossus hippoglossus Fillet 5.3 0.0009 0.033 < 0.004

2013-229/1 Canada Lobster Homarus americanus Claw/white meat 4.2 0.048 0.048 < 0.006

2013-510/1 Canada Lobster Homarus americanus Claw/white meat 6.9 0.004 0.085 < 0.006

2013-613/1 Canada Lobster Homarus americanus Mixed meat

Brown/white 7.6 0.019 0.065 < 0.006

2013-1099/1 Canada Lobster Homarus americanus Claw/white meat 5.9 0.006 0.063 0.026

2013-606/1 Canada Lobster Homarus sp. Alive/Fillet 8.7 0.007 0.075 < 0.006

2013-1649/1 Argentina Squid Illex sp. Fillet 2.9 8.0 0.15 < 0.006

2013-1659/1 Argentina Squid Illex sp. Chopped/ cutlets 2.7 8.2 0.015 < 0.006

2013-1673/1 Argentina Squid Illex sp. Fillet 4.6 6.2 0.021 < 0.006

2013-393/1 New Zealand Giant stargazer Kathetostoma giganteum Fillet 9.2 0.003 0.29 < 0.005

2013-1235/7 China Giant stargazer Kathetostoma giganteum Fillet 2.8 0.002 0.11 < 0.005

2013-1955/1 China Giant stargazer Kathetostoma giganteum Fillet 2.2 0.004 0.57 < 0.004


(former Penaeus vannamei) Claw/white meat 0.24 0.004 0.006 0.011

2013-148/1 Thailand Scampi Litopenaeus vannamei

(former Penaeus vannamei) Claw/white meat 0.32 < 0.001 0.009 < 0.006


(former Penaeus vannamei) Claw/white meat 0.17 < 0.0007 0.004 < 0.004


36






2013-1840/1 Sri Lanka Colorado

snapper Lutjanus colorado Fillet 1.6 0.006 0.19 < 0.007

2013-622/1 Russia Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus Fillet 8.0 < 0.0009 0.024 0.009

2013-224/1 Canada Lobster n.a. Alive/Fillet 7.9 0.074 0.088 < 0.006

2013-312/1 China Processed

product n.a. “LobNobs” 0.14 0.003 0.010 0.034

2013-314/1 Vietnam Tuna n.a. Canned tuna 0.75 0.008 0.048 < 0.007

2013-855/1 China n.a. n.a. Roe and sperm 0.39 < 0.001 0.002 0.033

2013-856/1 Peru Trout n.a. Fillet 0.29 < 0.001 0.010 < 0.007

2013-1103/1 Canada Cat feed n.a. Mixed product

/dry feed 2.7 0.10 0.045 0.054

2013-1513/1 Philippines Sardines n.a. Canned sardines 2.6 0.058 0.017 0.032

2013-1738/1 Japan Fish feed n.a. Fish feed 2.7 0.70 0.10 0.071

2013-394/1 China Tilapia Oreochromis Fillet 0.28 < 0.001 0.004 < 0.006

2013-507/1 China Tilapia Oreochromis sp. Fillet 0.74 < 0.001 0.005 < 0.007

2013-266/1 Japan Seabream Pagrus major Fillet 0.65 < 0.002 0.095 < 0.01

2013-390/1 Vietnam Pangasius Pangasius bocourti Fillet 0.05 < 0.0006 0.001 < 0.003

2013-611/1 Vietnam Pangasius Pangasius bocourti Fillet 0.12 0.0007 0.002 < 0.004

2013-211/1 Vietnam Scampi Penaeus monodon Claw/white meat 0.39 0.003 0.008 < 0.004

2013-219/1 Vietnam Scampi Penaeus monodon Claw/white meat 0.26 0.002 0.012 0.014



2013-612/2 Vietnam Scampi Penaeus monodon Claw/white meat 0.13 0.004 0.002 0.011

2013-1676/1 Vietnam Tiger prawns Penaeus monodon Claw/white meat 0.77 0.015 0.008 0.01

2013-857/1 Vietnam Scampi Penaeus sp. Claw/white meat 0.53 0.004 0.015 0.005

2013-1956/1 USA Scallops Placopecten magellarius Fillet 0.15 0.012 0.007 < 0.002


37






2013-117/1 USA Scallop Placopecten sp. Fillet 0.96 0.13 0.019 0.01

2013-214/1 Peru Crab Platyxanthus orbignyi Claw/white meat 19 0.081 0.041 0.009

2013-833/1 China Pollock Pollachius virens Fillet 6.9 < 0.0008 0.081 < 0.005




2013-1235/5 China Pollock Pollachius virens Fillet 2.1 0.001 0.054 < 0.005

2013-143/1 Thailand

Bigeye

processed

product

Priacanthus tayenus Fish balls 0.43 0.008 0.024 0.007

2013-146/1 Thailand

Bigeye

processed

product

Priacanthus tayenus Fish balls 0.40 0.009 0.019 0.008

2013-147/1 Thailand Bigeye /

cuttlefish

Priacanthus tayenus +

Sepia pharaonis Fish balls 0.33 0.047 0.027 0.026

2013-115/1 China Freshwater

crayfish Procambarus clarkii Claw/white meat 0.24 0.019 0.023 0.018

2013-1105/1 China Freshwater

crayfish Procambarus clarkii Claw/white meat 0.18 0.003 0.033 < 0.006

2013-234/1 Russia Greenland

halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides Fillet 15 < 0.001 0.24 < 0.006

2013-112/1 Chile A. salmon Salmo salar Fillet 0.31 < 0.002 0.005 < 0.01

2013-114/1 Chile A. salmon Salmo salar Fillet 0.23 0.003 0.005 < 0.01







38

















2013-236/1 Russia Redfish Sebastes marinus Fillet 1.2 < 0.001 0.039 < 0.007

2013-596/1 Japan Yellowtail Seriola sp. Fillet 0.90 < 0.002 0.10 < 0.01




2013-1097/1 Sri Lanka Anchovies Stolephorus sp. Fillet-dried 5.5 0.41 0.031 0.24

2013-1235/1 China Alaska pollock Theragra chacogramma Fillet 1.3 0.003 0.029 0.035

2013-1235/2 China Alaska pollock Theragra chacogramma Fillet 1.5 < 0.003 0.04 < 0.02

2013-1235/3 China Alaska pollock Theragra chacogramma Fillet 1.5 < 0.003 0.024 < 0.02

2013-840/1 China Alaska pollock Theragra chalcogramma Fillet 0.61 0.001 0.008 < 0.005

2013-1737/1 USA Alaska pollock Theragra chalcogramma Fillet-Minced 0.15 < 0.001 0.011 0.058

2013-226/1 Indonesia Tuna Thunnus albacares Fillet 1.2 0.005 0.14 < 0.008

2013-228/1 Vietnam Tuna Thunnus albacares Fillet 0.71 0.003 0.31 < 0.008

2013-315/1 Korea Tuna Thunnus albacares Fillet 0.9 0.016 0.32 < 0.007


39






2013-433/1 Philippines Tuna Thunnus albacares Fillet 0.94 0.004 0.25 < 0.008

2013-1838/1 Sri Lanka Tuna Thunnus albacares Fillet 0.24 0.001 0.36 < 0.007

2013-267/1 Sri Lanka Sword fish Xiphia gladius Fillet 0.59 0.040 0.52 0.007

# Of

measurements 114 114 114 114

# of measureable

values 114 67 114 29

Max value 30 8.2 0.57 0.33


40

Table 7. Dioxins and dioxin like PCBs, n=15.

MO: mono orto, NO: non-orto, TE: Toxic equivalents. All sums are calculated as upper bound sums.

Journal No.

Imported from

Species Scientific name Tissue Sum MO-PCB Sum

NO-PCB Sum DL-

PCBs

Sum dioxins: PCDD/DF

Sum Total TE

Non-compliant

pg/g TE w.w pg/g TE

w.w pg/g TE w.w pg/g TE w.w pg/g TE w.w NC

2013-223/1 Turkey Tuna Auxis thazard Fillet 0.005 0.023 0.028 0.28 0.31 -

2013-314/1 Vietnam Tuna n.a. Fillet 0.001 0.011 0.012 0.072 0.084 -


halibut Reinhardtius

hippoglossoides Fillet 0.066 0.62 0.69 0.29 0.97

-

2013-151/1 Vietnam Tuna Thunnus albacares Fillet 0.007 0.066 0.073 0.074 0.15 -

2013-226/1 Indonesia Tuna Thunnus albacares Fillet 0.001 0.008 0.009 0.057 0.066 -

2013-228/1 Vietnam Tuna Thunnus albacares Fillet 0.001 0.008 0.009 0.080 0.089 -

2013-315/1 Korea Tuna Thunnus albacares Fillet 0.001 0.012 0.013 0.063 0.077 -

2013-433/1 Philippines Tuna Thunnus albacares Fillet 0.002 0.012 0.014 0.19 0.20 -

2013-267/1 Sri Lanka Sword fish Xiphia gladius Fillet 0.002 0.068 0.070 0.022 0.09 -

2013-836/1 Peru Anchoveta Engraulis ringens Oil 0.065 1.87 1.93 0.54 2.5 -

2013-200/1 Chile Marine fish

oils n.a. Oil 0.030 0.31 0.34 0.55 0.89

-

2013-293/1 Peru Marine fish

oils n.a. Oil 0.089 2.27 2.36 0.58 2.9

-


oils n.a. Oil 0.086 2.37 2.45 0.80 3.3

-

2013-835/1 Morocco Sardine Sardina pilchardus Oil 0.057 0.86 0.92 0.37 1.3 -

2013-147/1 Thailand Bigeye + Cuttlefish


Sepia pharaonis Squid 0.001 0.006 0.007 0.053 0.06

-

Max 0.089 2.4 2.5 0.80 3.3 none


41

Table 8. Non-dioxin like PCBs (µg/kg w.w.), n=37. The congener sum PCB6 is calculated as the upper bound sum.

Two different analytical methods were used: one GC/MS and one HRGC/HRMS. This is reflected in the two levels of LOQ values, as seen from the: < values.


from Species Scient. Name. Tissue Group

PCB

28

PCB

52

PCB

101

PCB

138

PCB

153

PCB

180

UB-

Sum

PCB6

Non-

compl

2013-143/1 Thailand Bigeye Priacanthus tayenus Fish balls Cephalopod <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 0.01 0.007 <0.04 0.20 -

2013-147/1 Thailand Bigeye /

cuttlefish


Sepia pharaonis Fish balls Cephalopod 0.006 0.004 < 0.006 0.007 0.02 < 0.006 0.04 -

2013-613/1 Canada Lobster Homarus americanus Brown+white

meat Crustacean <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.02 <0.03 <0.02 0.12 -

2013-390/1 Viet Nam Pangasius Pangasius bocourti Fillet Fresh water

fish <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.02 <0.03 0.18 -

2013-611/1 Viet Nam Pangasius Pangasius bocourti Fillet Fresh water

fish <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.01 <0.02 0.12 -

2013-614/1 Peru Paiche Arapaima gigas Fillet Marine fish <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.10 0.6 -

2013-223/1 Turkey Tuna Auxis thazard Fillet Marine fish 0.31 0.084 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 0.59 -

2013-395/1 Philippines Milkfish Chanos chanos Fillet Marine fish <0.08 <0.08 0.05 0.11 0.1 <0.08 0.5 -

2013-314/1 Viet Nam Tuna n.a. Fillet Marine fish 0.044 0.022 0.018 0.02 0.3 < 0.009 0.1 -

2013-507/1 China Tilapia Oreochromis sp. Fillet Marine fish <0.04 <0.06 0.01 0.03 0.3 <0.03 0.2 -

2013-266/1 Japan Seabream Pagrus major Fillet Marine fish 0.15 0.31 0.49 1.1 0.3 0.32 3.2 -


Halibut

Reinhardtius

hippoglossoides Fillet Marine fish 0.35 0.74 1.3 4.0 0.02 1.0 10.3 -

2013-112/1 Chile A. salmon Salmo salar Fillet Marine fish <0.10 <0.20 0.17 0.27 0.03 0.10 1.12 -



42





PCB

28

PCB

52

PCB

101

PCB

138

PCB

153

PCB

180

UB-

Sum

PCB6

Non-

compl





2013-236/1 Russia Redfish Sebastes marinus Fillet Marine fish 0.14 0.29 0.6 1.0 0.2 0.22 3.3 -

2013-596/1 Japan Yellowtail Seriola sp. Fillet Marine fish 0.39 0.96 1.4 2.4 0.2 0.63 7.7 -




2013-151/1 Viet Nam Tuna Thunnus albacares Fillet Marine fish 0.081 0.11 0.23 0.42 2.2 0.11 1.2 -

2013-226/1 Indonesia Tuna Thunnus albacares Fillet Marine fish 0.016 0.01 0.011 < 0.01 2.8 < 0.01 0.1 -

2013-228/1 Viet Nam Tuna Thunnus albacares Fillet Marine fish < 0.01 0.006 < 0.01 0.011 1.4 < 0.01 0.1 -

2013-315/1 Korea Tuna Thunnus albacares Fillet Marine fish 0.01 0.009 0.012 0.021 0.4 0.01 0.1 -

2013-433/1 Philippines Tuna Thunnus albacares Fillet Marine fish 0.049 0.032 < 0.03 < 0.03 < 0.01 < 0.03 0.20 -

2013-267/1 Sri Lanka Swordfish Xiphia gladius Fillet Marine fish 0.016 0.017 0.025 0.09 0.01 0.058 0.26 -


43





PCB

28

PCB

52

PCB

101

PCB

138

PCB

153

PCB

180

UB-

Sum

PCB6

Non-

compl

2013-235/1 Russia Cod Gadus morhua Roe Marine fish <0.10 0.19 0.22 0.27 0.02 <0.10 1.12 -

2013-795/1 Russia Cod Gadus morhua Roe Marine fish <0.06 0.24 0.28 0.34 < 0.03 <0.10 1.29 -

2013-800/1 Russia Cod Gadus morhua Roe Marine fish <0.06 0.22 0.29 0.34 0.09 <0.10 1.26 -

2013-836/1 Peru Anchoveta Engraulis ringens Oil Marine oil 0.61 0.72 2.2 3.9 4. 1.6 11.6 -

2013-200/1 Chile Marine fish

oils n.a. Oil Marine oil 0.28 0.25 0.45 0.78 0.8 0.31 2.6 -


oils n.a. Oil Marine oil 0.94 1.0 2.7 4.9 5. 2.2 14.8 -


oils n.a. Oil Marine oil 0.89 1.0 2.6 4.8 5. 2.2 15.2 -

2013-835/1 Marocco Sardines Sardina pilchardus Oil Marine oil 0.48 0.61 1.1 5.6 6. 1.8 12.4 -

Max. All 0.94 1.1 2.7 5.6 6. 2.2 15.2 None


44

Table 9. Levels of PBDEs (µg/kg w.w.), n=14.

n.a.: Data not available.

Journal

No. Imported

from Specie

Scient. name

Tissue PBDE-

28 PBDE-

47 PBDE-

99 PBDE-

100 PBDE-

153 PBDE-

154 PBDE-

183 LB Sum 7-PBDE

UB Sum 7-PBDE

2013-223/1 Turkey Tuna Auxis thazard Fillet < 0.008 0.02 < 0.02 0.01 < 0.008 < 0.008 < 0.02 0.03 0.1

2013-314/1 Vietnam Tuna n.a. Fillet < 0.001 0.006 < 0.003 0.002 < 0.001 0.002 < 0.003 0.01 0.02


halibut

Reinhardtius

hippoglossoid

es Fillet 0.01 0.4 0.005 0.06 0.006 0.03 0.003 0.52 0.5

2013-151/1 Vietnam Tuna Thunnus

albacares Fillet 0.002 0.07 0.02 0.02 0.003 0.009 < 0.002 0.13 0.1

2013-226/1 Indonesia Tuna Thunnus

albacares Fillet < 0.002 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.003 0 0.02

2013-228/1 Viet Nam Tuna Thunnus

albacares Fillet < 0.002 0.005 < 0.003 0.002 < 0.002 0.005 < 0.003 0.01 0.02

2013-315/1 Korea Tuna Thunnus

albacares Fillet < 0.001 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.003 0 0.01

2013-433/1 Philippines Tuna Thunnus

albacares Fillet < 0.004 < 0.009 < 0.009 < 0.004 0.007 0.005 < 0.009 0.01 0.05

2013-267/1 Sri Lanka Sword fish Xiphia gladius Fillet 0.005 0.009 0.003 0.005 0.004 0.01 < 0.003 0.04 0.04

2013-836/1 Peru Anchoveta Engraulis

ringens Oil < 0.04 0.4 0.09 0.06 < 0.04 < 0.04 < 0.09 0.55 0.8

2013-200/1 Chile Marine oil n.a. Oil < 0.04 0.4 0.1 0.07 < 0.04 < 0.04 < 0.09 0.57 0.8

2013-293/1 Peru Marine oil n.a. Oil < 0.04 0.6 0.2 0.1 < 0.04 0.1 < 0.09 1.1 1.2

2013-295/1 Peru Marine oil n.a. Oil 0.05 0.7 0.2 0.1 < 0.04 0.1 < 0.09 1.2 1.3

2013-835/1 Morocco Sardine Sardina

pilchardus Oil < 0.04 0.3 < 0.07 < 0.04 < 0.04 < 0.04 < 0.07 0.30 0.6

Max 0.05 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.09 1.2 1.3


45

Table 10. Maximum levels of pesticides (µg/kg w.w.), n=32. Maximum levels for each pesticide in each class of species.

Each value will represent only one fish: The fish with highest value for that pesticide.

Group Marine fish Freshwater fish Processed food

products Marine fish Marine oil

Max total

Tissue Fillet Fillet

“Fish balls” from cephalopods, and

lobster minced meat (from white + brown meat)

Roe Oil

Samples n=22 n=2 n=2 n=3 n=3

Pesticide Max value

N

Max value Max value Max value Max value n

Max value

Aldrin <0.1 16 <0.03 <0.03 n.a. <1.5 3 <LOQ

Hexachlorhexane HCH-alfa

0.15 16 <0.03 <0.03 n.a. <0.75 3 0.15

Hexachlorhexane HCH-gamma

0.11 16 <0.03 <0.03 n.a. <0.75 3 0.11

Cis-chlordane 7.4 16 <0.03 <0.03 n.a. 1.4 3 7

Trans-chlordane 1.1 16 <0.03 <0.03 n.a. 0.3 3 1.1

Oxy-chlordane 1.9 16 <0.03 <0.03 n.a. <0.5 3 1.9

Dieldrin 4 16 <0.03 <0.03 n.a. 2.1 3 4

Endrin 0.44 16 <0.03 <0.03 n.a. 1.8 3 1.8

Endosulfane-alfa 0.6 16 <0.03 <0.03 n.a. <0.5 3 0.6

Endosulfane-beta 0.3 16 <0.03 <0.03 n.a. <0.5 3 0.3

Endosulfane-Sulfate 2 16 <0.03 <0.03 n.a. 0.6 3 2

Hexachlorobenzene HCB

3.8 16 <0.03 <0.03 n.a. 2.2 3 3.8

Pentachlorobenzene 0.19 16 <0.03 <0.03 n.a. <1 3 0.19

Heptachlor 0.07 16 <0.03 <0.03 n.a. <0.5 3 0.07

Heptachlor cis epoxide <0.05 16 <0.03 <0.03 n.a. <0.5 3 <LOQ

Nonachlor-cis 0.9 16 <0.03 <0.03 n.a. <0.5 3 0.9

Nonachlor-trans 7 16 <0.03 <0.03 n.a. 0.7 3 7

Isodrin 0.14 16 <0.03 <0.03 n.a. <2 3 0.14


46

Table 10. Maximum levels of pesticides (µg/kg w.w.), n=32. Maximum levels for each pesticide in each class of species.

Each value will represent only one fish: The fish with highest value for that pesticide.

Group Marine fish Freshwater fish Processed food

products Marine fish Marine oil

Max total

Tissue Fillet Fillet

“Fish balls” from cephalopods, and

lobster minced meat (from white + brown meat)

Roe Oil

Samples n=22 n=2 n=2 n=3 n=3

Pesticide Max value

N

Max value Max value Max value Max value n

Max value

Mirex 0.5 16 <0.03 <0.03 n.a. <0.75 3 0.5

Toxaphene-26 3.1 16 <0.03 <0.04 n.a. 1.2 3 3.1

Toxaphene-32 <0.4 16 <0.1 <0.1 n.a. <4 3 <LOQ

Toxaphene-42a 1 16 <0.02 <0.02 n.a. 0.6 3 1

Toxaphene-50 4 16 <0.03 <0.03 n.a 2.2 3 4

Toxaphene-62 7 16 <0.03 <0.03 n.a. n.a 0 7

Toxaphene 40+41 0.9 16 <0.02 <0.02 n.a. 0.8 3 0.8

o,p-DDD 1.9 22 <0.15 <0.15 <0.04 13 3 13

o,p-DDE <LOQ 22 <0.15 <0.15 <0.04 <3 3 0.02

o,p-DDT 1.8 22 <0.15 <0.15 0.05 <3 3 1.8

p,p-DDD 3.5 22 <0.15 <0.15 0.2 6 3 6

p,p-DDE 11 22 <0.15 0.02 0.8 31 3 31

p,p-DDT 2.7 22 <0.15 0.01 0.1 3.8 3 3.8

Maximum sum DDT found in one sample2

15.8 1 0 0.03 1.1 50.8 1 50.8

2 Like the data for each pesticide, the data is from one sample in the class: The sample with the highest LB sum of DDTs.


47

3 LOQ depends on the analysed matrix: Lowest in lean fish and the white meat of crustaceans, highest in oil samples.

Table 11. PAH maximum levels (µg/kg w.w.), n=16.

Maximum levels in each group of species. The compound with a legal limit is marked with coloured bands. PAH4 is the LB sum of the compounds BaP, BaA, BbF and chrysene.

Group Oil Crustacean Bivalve Freshwater fish Marine fish

LOQ3 Max value

Number of Non-

compliants

Species Marine oil

(Oil for human consumption)

Lobster Scallop Pangasius

Milkfish Seabream Yellowtail

Greenl. halibut

Tissue/Matrix Oil

Mixed:white/ brown meat

Meat Fillet Fillet

Number of samples 3 1 1 2 9

5-Methylchrysene <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.03 - 1.0 <LOQ -

Benzo(a)antracene (BaA) <LOQ 0.05 <LOQ <LOQ 1.3 0.03 - 0.5 1.3 -

Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) <LOQ 0.03 <LOQ <LOQ 0.6 0.5 0.6 none

Benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF) <LOQ 0.03 <LOQ <LOQ 0.9 0.03 - 0.5 0.9 -

Benzo(c)fluorene <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.03 - 1.0 <LOQ -

Benzo(ghi)perylene <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.03 – 0.5 <LOQ -

Benzo(j)fluoranthene <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.03 - 0.5 <LOQ -

Benzo(k)fluoranthene <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.03 - 0.5 <LOQ -

Chrysene <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 1 0.03 - 0.5 1 -

Cyclopenta(c.d)pyrene <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.03 - 1.0 <LOQ -

Dibenzo(a.e)pyrene <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.1 -1.0 <LOQ -

Dibenzo(a.h)anthracene <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.03 – 0.5 <LOQ -

Dibenzo(a.h)pyrene <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.5 <LOQ -

Dibenzo(a.I)pyrene <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.1 -1.0 <LOQ

Dibenzo(a.i)pyrene <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.1 -1.0 <LOQ -

Indeno(1.2.3-cd)pyrene <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.03 - 0.5 <LOQ -

Maximum LB SUM PAH4 in one sample

0 0.14 0 0 3.8 - - none


48

A summary of the chemical analytical methods.

Compounds Matrix Method

principle

Screening

method

LOD

wet weight

(µg/kg w.w.)

Analytical

method

LOD

in muscle

(µg/kg w.w.)

Analytical

method

LOQ

wet weight

(µg/kg w.w.)

Level of action Laboratory

Therapeutic

agents and

dyes

Chloramphenicol Muscle LC-MS n.a. 0.25

-

presence

(MRPL=0.3) NIFES

3-Amino-2-

oxazolidinone

(AOZ)

Muscle LC-

MS/MS n.a.

0.5

-

presence

(MRPL=1.0) NIFES

1-Aminohydrantoin

(AHD) Muscle

LC-

MS/MS n.a. 0.6 -

presence

(MRPL=1.0) NIFES

3-Amino-5-

morpholinomethyl-2-

oxazolidinone (AMOZ)

Muscle LC-

MS/MS n.a. 0.4 -

presence

(MRPL=1.0) NIFES

Semicarbazide

(SEM) Muscle

LC-

MS/MS n.a. 0.5 -

presence

(MRPL=1.0) NIFES

Malachite green

(MG) Muscle

LC-

MS/MS n.a.

0.15

-

presence

(MRPL=2.0) NIFES

Leuco malachite green

(LMG) Muscle

LC-

MS/MS n.a.

0.15

-

presence

(MRPL=2.0) NIFES

Crystal violet

(CV) Muscle

LC-

MS/MS n.a. 0.3 - Presence NIFES

Leuco crystal violet

(LCV) Muscle

LC-


Brilliant green

(BG) Muscle

LC-


Organochlorine

compounds

PCDD and PCDF

(dioxins and furans) Muscle GC-HRMS n.a.

0.003-0.01

ng/kg

0.01-0.03

ng/kg

NIFES

non- and mono-orto

PCB Muscle GC-HRMS n.a.

0.01-2

ng/kg

0.03-6

ng/kg

NIFES

ANNEX 2: Method performance


49



principle

Screening

method

LOD

wet weight

(µg/kg w.w.)

Analytical

method

LOD

in muscle

(µg/kg w.w.)

Analytical

method

LOQ

wet weight

(µg/kg w.w.)


PCB-28 Muscle GC-MS n.a. 0.005-0.03 0.02-0.1 n.a. NIFES







HCH-alfa Muscle GC-MS n.a. 0.01-0.2 0.03-0.1 n.a. NIFES

HCH-beta Muscle GC-MS n.a. 0.01-0.04 0.03-0.1 n.a. NIFES

HCH-gamma Muscle GC-MS n.a. 0.03-0.2 0.03-0.1 n.a. NIFES

Hexachlorobenzene Muscle GC-MS n.a. 0.01-0.06 0.05-0.2 n.a. NIFES

Pentachlorobenzene Muscle GC-MS n.a. 0.02-0.05 0.05-0.2 n.a. NIFES

Heptachlor Muscle GC-MS n.a. 0.01-0.1 0.02-0.4 n.a. NIFES

Heptachlor-cis-epoxide Muscle GC-MS n.a. 0.01 0.02-0.1 n.a. NIFES

Heptachlor-trans-

epoxide Muscle GC-MS n.a. 0.01-0.1 0.02-0.4 n.a. NIFES

Aldrin Muscle GC-MS n.a. 0.01-0.05 0.03-0.2 n.a. NIFES

Isodrin Muscle GC-MS n.a 0.01-0.08 0.03-0.5 n.a NIFES

Dieldrin Muscle GC-MS n.a 0.02 0.04-0.05 n.a NIFES

Endrin Muscle GC-MS n.a 0.02 0.05 n.a NIFES

Oxy-chlordane Muscle GC-MS n.a. 0.01-0.2 0.03-0.4 n.a. NIFES

trans-Chlordane Muscle GC-MS n.a. 0.02-0.1 0.05-0.2 n.a. NIFES


50



principle

Screening

method

LOD

wet weight

(µg/kg w.w.)

Analytical

method

LOD

in muscle

(µg/kg w.w.)

Analytical

method

LOQ

wet weight

(µg/kg w.w.)


cis-Chlordane Muscle GC-MS n.a. 0.02-0.2 0.05-0.6 n.a. NIFES

Alfa-endosulfan Muscle GC-MS n.a. 0.01-0.2 0.02-0.4 n.a. NIFES

Endosulfan-sulphate Muscle GC-MS n.a. 0.01-0.2 0.02-0.4 n.a. NIFES

Beta-endosulfan Muscle GC-MS n.a. 0.01-0.2 0.02-0.4 n.a. NIFES

cis-Nonachlor Muscle GC-MS n.a. 0.02-0.04 0.04-0.2 n.a. NIFES

trans-Nonachlor Muscle GC-MS n.a. 0.02-0.04 0.04-0.4 n.a. NIFES

Mirex Muscle GC-MS n.a. 0.01-0.2 0.03-0.4 n.a. NIFES

Toxaphene 26 Muscle GC-MS n.a. 0.02-0.2 0.03-0.4 n.a. NIFES





Sum Toxaphene 40+41 Muscle GC-MS n.a. 0.02-0.2 0.03-0.4 n.a. NIFES

o,p-DDT

p,p-DDT

o,p-DDD

p,p-DDD

o,p-DDE

p,p-DDE

Muscle GC-MS n.a. 0.01-0.2 0.04-0.6 n.a. NIFES

PBDE-congeners:

PBDE-28

PBDE-47

PBDE-66

PBDE-99

PBDE-100

Muscle GC-MS n.a. 0.001-0.003 0.002-0.006 n.a. NIFES


51



principle

Screening

method

LOD

wet weight

(µg/kg w.w.)

Analytical

method

LOD

in muscle

(µg/kg w.w.)

Analytical

method

LOQ

wet weight

(µg/kg w.w.)


PBDE-119

PBDE-138

PBDE-153

PBDE-154

PBDE-183

Chemical

elements

Pb Muscle ICPMS n.a. 0.0006 0.001-0.009 See Annex 3 NIFES

Cd Muscle ICPMS n.a. 0.0006 0.001-0.009 See Annex 3 NIFES

As Muscle ICPMS n.a. 0.0006 0.001-0.009 See Annex 3 NIFES

Hg Muscle ICPMS n.a. 0.0006 0.001-0.009 See Annex 3

NIFES

Combustion

by-products

PAH,

benzo(a)pyrene(BaP)

SUM PAH4

Muscle GC-MS n.a. 0.01-0.1 0.03-0.5 See Annex 3 Eurofins/

NIFES


52

ANNEX 3: Summary of legal maximum levels

Regulatory maximum levels for some contaminants in foodstuffs.

Element or pollutant

Unit of

measure

ment

Marin Fish

Fillet1

Some fish

species

Fillet1

Wild

caught

Eel

Fillet1

Fresh

water

Fish

Fillet1

Smoked

seafood

products

Fish liver

Crusta-

ceans:

White

meat

Bivalves

and

(smoked

bivalves)2

Cephalo-

pods3

Marine

Oils

HC4

Arsenic (As) - - - - - - - - -

Cadmium (Cd) Mg/kg

w.w.6 0.05 0.1-0.3 0.1 0.05 - - 0.5 1.0 1.0 -

Mercury (Hg) 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 -

Lead (Pb) 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 - 0.5 1.5 1.0 -

Sum of dioxins and

furans5

Pg/g

TEQ

w.w 6.

3.5 3.5 3.5 - - - - - 1.75

Sum of dioxin like

PCBs5 - - - - - - - - - -

Sum of dioxins.

furans and dioxin

like PCBs5

6.5 - 10 6.5 - 20 - - - 6

Sum of six indicator

PCBs5

Ng/g

w.w.6 75 - 300 125 - 200 - - - 200

PAH

Benzo[a]pyrene

μg/kg

w.w 6

- - - - 57 - - 5

(6)2 - 2

PAH4, sum of 4

PAH compounds8

μg/kg

w.w.6 - - - - 307 - -

30

(35)2 - 10

Based on Commission

regulation no 1881/2006

1) When fish is intended to be eaten whole, the limit should be applied to the whole product.

2) Value in brackets concerns smoked bivalves.

3) Without viscera.

4) HC = Human consumption

5) Upper bound sum is assumed.

6) Wet weight(W.W); the concentration in the naturally moist sample. Analytical values for dried food should be transformed to their

corresponding W.W. based values before the maximum llevel is applied.

7) Valid until August 31th 2014.

8) Benzo(a)pyrene, Benzo(a)anthracene, Benzo(b)fluoranthene and chrysene, calculated as a lower bound sum.

Documents

Veterinær grensekontrollrapport 2013