Trichinella spiralis andEnterobius vermicularis

Trichinella spiralis

• Commonname:Trichinaworm

• Diseasecaused:Trichinosis,Trichiniasis

• Adultwormisminute

• Femaleviviparousorlarviparous andiscapableofproducing1,500larvae

• Smallestnematodeparasiteofhumans

Larvae

• 80-120micronby5.6micronsatbirth• 900-1300micronby35-40microns• Spearlikeburrowinganterior

Lifecycle

• Encystedlarvaeinpigmuscle

• Ingestionofimproperlycookedpork

• Infectedflesh isdigestedbygastricjuice

• Adultsintheduodenum

• Larviparous femaleburrowsintomucosaanddeposit larvae

• Larvaeentersthecirculation

• Encystinstriatedmuscle

• Deadendcycle

Pathology

• Incubationandintestinalinvasion• Includesdiarrhrea,constipation, vomitingabdominal cramps,nausea

• Larvalmigrationmuscleinvasion• Fever,painandswelling,weakness• Splenomegaly, gastricandintestinalhemorrhages

• Encysment andencapsulation• Fever,weak,pain

Diagnosis

• Musclebiopsy• Serological- ELISA

Treatment

• Thiabendazole duringthefirstweek

• Mebendazole - larvicidal

Preventionandcontrol

• Cookmeat77C177F• Freezing- - 15Cfor20daysor-30Cfor6days• Smoking,salting,ordryingisnoteffective

Enterobiusvermicularis

Enterobius vermicularis

• Pinwormorseatworm

• Enterobiasis oroxyuriasis

• Adults• Smallwhitishorbrownincolor• Male- 2-5mmcoiledtailend• Female- 8-13mmpointedtailend

Ova

• Elongated• 50-80by20-30microns• Flattenedlateralside,lopsidedD• Twoegg-shelllayer• Albuminous layer- outer• Embryonicorlipoidalmembrane- inner

• Resistanttodisinfectant• Underfavorablecondition,itremainsviablefor13days

Lifecycle

• Adultsinthecaecum

• Gravidfemalesmigratetotheperianalareatodepositembryonatedegg

• Ovaareinfective toman6hrsafterdeposition

• Ovaareingestedorinhaledbyman

• Larvaehatchintheduodenum

• Migratetoitsfinalhabitatinthelargeintestine

Pathology

• Poorappetite• Insomnia• Weightloss• Irritability• Nausea• Vomiting• Pruritus ani

Diagnosis

• Scotchtapeswab

Treatment

• Albendazole• Mebendazole• Pyrantel pamoate

Transmission

• Handtomouth• Inhalation• autoinfection

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