Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
book
Citation preview
E()Ul{llja: 'TEXH]/[LIKE HAYKE - Yu6elll1L\H"
OCIlll(f{[llli U 113r){l(Ill'11l Er)UI(llje: C!JaKYJ1TeT TeXH!IQKHX HaYKa Y l-I. CaJl.Y H MO "STYLOS", H. CaL( (Jl.0 6poja 31), a OL( 6poja 32 cPaKYJ1TeT TeXHWIKHX HaYKa.
TOr)Ullil OCItU(J(lIl,{I: 1996.
TJ1{l(IIlu II or)ZO(JOPllli yper)Il11I(ll Er)ul(ltje, r)eKClIlu: OpocjJ. L(P L(YWaI-I OeTpoBa'IKH (L(O 6poja 3 I) fIpori)· L(P ]/[mlja nocun (OL( 6poja 32)
J1llrjJOpcJUlI(uje 0 llojer)ull{[ltltll.11 113{)alblLJJw:
1. llcBCI!<l ;\uHh, BojnCJlaB Mapnli.
KUHaL!t:IH!h.
Yllr3p "ylalL':\IUIHL!K<l ;1llam-!3a [I"
2. JlamuIO OGp.UUilldi "OCHOBH paLjYHapGTl:m"
..l. Jlclloc~lBa tIL!;,.lI[¥]j( "\1aWlj/l-':KH ,\l;JICPfJj<L'lll II"
4, BJ!aJU!MliP !VrIU,JU~eB'::', BJlalW D.eJ1Hh "ilnnrraJllle 'l~j!";K~Hvl) !JHh.dlHljl.! _ 30HPK<l 3a,aaTaKa"
S. YlpCl-la LIOJ\H'lh, Bcpa YHrap "TeopHja pe.n.oBa"
6. rTmurc MOrHH. liB3H JrYKOlHlh '"IlpHH!JHrlH 6aJ3 lj(j..:.:}r~.l(i.l"
7. p;],'tC i(opOC.JUlkHi(H
8, Bpamm DCPUWllll, j],par3l! HncTl!l1
9. H.!jHja KOn<l'icBI1!i., Hc60jwa PUJlermh
1 D. KOBal..l~r;Hll, !-le6ojm<.l PaJIerml'i J1I-13
11. B. ;\l11.,ul.!.lcJ.lli1:, Nt Tt,\oICPHllaU,
)K. TpnoBcKli
12. BmrfKo B. BYKoBHli.
13. Ep31u(o flepHwHtl
14 Hmrja KllB<.tl..!t.:BHh, Hc6ojlJ!3 P;1JIermh
15, l.Ie~o:\tHp 13yjOBBh
"36HPK3 peWeHl1x H(:11l1THl-1X ::::.a..!1<-rraKa H3 anreope"
"OCllOFH:r jJdCJjl-idPCTSa - Me;U':';',i'l;C~l ::;UHPKU JaJ,~rr:';I\::.t 11 - TIpOJ par.laGH;w;1 dyr'..),\l;n fj"
";VI<rJt.:MaTH~IKa <.HHlJIH3<l l- j pajiYl~!HH JlpOUCCH"
"Yno).( Y l\WTc:\,!,-rrwiKY JIHUH13Y"
"Yuon y Xll.LlpOll!i~) :"1:lICh:Y Tex.IJI1KY'·
"OCIlOIH1 pU'ljl!<-lpCTl3a - MCTOIH-IYKil 36HPK3 'JiJ;J.ill<iK<.t I (j\wTei\!aTH~!I(O-norH4j(c OCHOBe palla pall)'H<.lpa)"
"i.r.,jlll\I.;J!0!{il .. l1Iil dii,.t'jl-Ua"
"Al'MOCt!>CPCKO JlpmlOhClhC H TCXHl--!IW 3anrrwrc - TCXIIHKa [}HeQKOr H3110lJU I.LleO" 16. rIcTap IJh}!.;~iilvelllJ ",],id,;':;:;lllkJ. I ,..C0tkl."
17. D.'I_:,O~)!W1P CrpC3LJClC~!, ,[{yUJaH JalbHh "CHCTCM pcrymll(Hje 1!aI/OJIa P'-'rU:j~LIlJlL\ )lHCTfHl\)y-nIHIlHx ,\[PC)!G.)"
18. P~l)lOLU P~:;,lliBujt..!l.>.r!'l "COl(1I0JlOll,;ja lIayl':o.'!·'
19. E. JklHI, B. G)"ll((Jllld'l, B. Crpe30cKH "OC[!OfH! C]lCI\Jp0:'::I]Cpl·CTflKC ~ (.;m':KJp0CJlcprelCKH HPCllll.!!)dllH"
20. JOBaiU<a HI1K}lh, Jll:l,JJljo. LfOM!1h "i'v'laTc,\j8THKaje:~aJJ _ r I\CO" _, _____ ~
21. MllJ1;] C i uj'!~.UJ):n "[:'epOllaTl!O!W lJ ]\ial I.:M,n 'l'lI,a CT~HHcnIKa"
'/'/ Panc /J:Upt'CJ1UH<!1..!KI! "EJICMellTH Ollline }j ~li.w.;dP;IC <.1.;1 <.:6p~"
23. DeTap LlfliJj:,i!\.;;;;II"t, )]parall CrojJcol1Hh "36HplGJ pcmeHHX 33iHrraKa ca lilIC;,I";lilL\ HClj~rr8 113 .\1";;\.11111)<."': (jjJi) ,I;(,j"
24, Tpnflo TOpOB~Jll, )KllBOT<l AllT01JHh "OCI!OBH ;\IOTOPU eye" 25. CrpC30crm, "EEJJJ 1lJ~L.Cjl j IiI..' !lie,\l"';
CilCTfJ:.lUU
26. Y1JJHj,J KOBa~I~BHI1, HeGojwa PaJlel3l11'l "3GI1Pl<a PCIJJCIIW, !!CIIHT!lHX "3i.lllaU1Ka IB 2.18,\j:'::l!al'-l (kT·JJKl.lll0JiC:;UII.':: ilJlctJJH.JC"
27. CHlnlllJa Ky J.\idi!OhHl"i "YHJ1UepJ<lJIHH 3YW!aCHI PCt.l.YKTOPH ca Ll,U;illH,:J,PWIHiL\i 3}li'I~U;11L;11,\1;';''' 28, PaJtc 2~OpOC110BJ~JKH "3G!lPK::l pCUlCllUX. H\:!IHT1IH.'\ 3;]11<.11 UKa H3 llJIJ'c6pe"
29. Bm:lTIm B. BYKOtH11'! <LYno)l y XJi,iJ,p(j;11H:Y,\1~n";Ky reXHYlH:y"
30. I-IeBeJlK3 AW-Ill "MaTc~HlTHKa 3a apxHTeKToHcKH olweK"
3!. JOB311K<l J-IHKHh, jJH..'ulja LJOi\ll·!ll "MaTc,\-mnIKajclHllJ ~ I nco"
32. HBaH Km·map "MOTOPI-! eye - Cf(LjlJjO'-llcHUljJ l\IOTOpa"
33. PaTKo Mupenlh "3GI1PK<l peUlt::HI1X 1U.4~rnum li3 I'H]jI,;,\I'lTJ.IKC"
34. L1.pal'aH KYKOJ!' "AnropHTJ\.H-! MpC)KHOr UpOl pJ.i>lllpaILU"
35. JOB<lllKa HHlo1n, J1Hltl-lja LIOMl1h "MuTeMUTHK<l jC}I3H _ r ~eo"
36. I fella r1cKapHll - 11al), ;.1cjaJlu Xepuer "OCHOBH CJleKrpOTcxHHKC 3a pa'--lj.i-wp(:'rBO"
37. MHJ1<lH Vfmlh "OCllOHC cao6pallaj/lOr npaBa • .L~PYro ,il.OnYlhCHO H3ll<11bC"
38. CJIOOO/Ulil :'lll;;OiJ,lll'l\':!l
39. CHIl}JWa KY":.\!~;Jl\JLllii\
40. P!1CTO KOBal!
''3610
1pKa peWCHHX 3alJ.aTaKa H3 t.'JlelnpWnIHX MCPCl--h3 Hct:JJI..:Krpl11..1Hl--1X i:H~JIH'H1ml" "KO!lCTpYHcalbe, LlG;1l1h:0jJ~llLC 111vnajll - II .nco"
"TCXII0J10nfja M3p<lne O;~J1j!o,~I~!.1"
TPAHC C
YHV1BEP3V1TET Y HOBOM CAfJ.Y <PAKynTET TEXHV1LJKV1X HAYKA
JOBaH Bna,[1!11n
OPTHA E~CTBA Vi
ETOBAPHA EllAJ
HEnPEKVI}J,HII1 VI AYTOMATII130BAHII1 TPAHCnOPT
HOBVl Ca,[1, 2005.
EOUl/uja: "TEXHI-rLIKE HAYKE - YUEEHl1IJ,l1"
Ha3ue "Tpaacnopnla H npeTOBapHa cpe;J,CTBa H ypeljajH - uenpeKIWHH H aYTOMaTl130Bmm TpaHcnopT" -
Aymop: ;rp JOBaH Bml;J,Hh, pe)l,. npo(p. cDaKY.'1TeTa TeXHW-lKHX HaYKa y EOSOM Ca;J,Y
. np l-lm<OJ1a 5aoJJH, pe)l,. rrpo¢. cDaKynTeTa TeXHWIKHX HUYI<a y BOBOM np MHJIaH 13YKYMHpOBl1n, pen. rrpocp. CaoOpanajHOr ¢aKynTeTa y 5corpany
J130aea'l: cDaKYJITCT TeXHIFIKHX HaYKa Y HOBOM Ca):(y
[;weliu U 002060PliU )peOltuK: npoql. np l1mlja DOCHn, nCKmr CpaK"jJ1TeTa TeXHULIKUX HaYI<a y HOBO"'! Ca):(y
llImuAliw: Offset print, MaTl1!~e Cp:1CKe 6, 2lO00 HOBn Ca,[(
llIma;,mmbe oooopuo: CaBeT 3a H3):(aBa'IKo-ypeljHBaLIKY neJIaTHOCT cDTH Y HOBOM Ca,[(y
flpeoceOliUK caeema: rrp0ciJ. ):(p BnaTKO BYKOBun
CIP-KaTanOrl13aUHja y nyommallHjH bHonHOTCKU :Vl;'\THj~e cpllCKe, HOBH Ca):(
621.86(075.8)
Jomm
TpallCllOpTlJa H npeTOBapHa cpe,[(CTBa H ypel)ajH - lJenpeKHnHH H aYTOMaTH30BaHH TpaHcnopT! JOBaH Bna,[(Hn. - HOBH Ca,[( : cDaKY!ITeT TeXHW.JKHX HaYKa, 2005 (HOBH Can : Offset print). - III, 227 CTp. : HnyCTp. ; 25 cm - (E'[(HUHja "TexHH4Ke HaYKe - Yu6er-fHuH" ; 6p. Ill)
Tupajj( 300, - 13uomlOrpa<jluja
ISBN 86-85211-49-2
U) TpaHcnopTHa cpe,[(cTBa
COBlSS.SR-ID 203728903
flpe02060p
IIPE,2l;rOBOP MaTepl1ja KOjy o6pcljyje osaj yuoeHI1K, ooyxsaTa HaCTaBHH l1porpaM ,npyror )J,ena l1pe)J,MeTa Tpal{CTIOpma 11 TIpeTOBapHa cpe,n:cma H ypeljajl1 (HenpeKl1!J:HH 11 aYTOMaT1130BaHl1
TPal{cnOp-r) KOjH ce npe,n:aje y IlleCTOM ceMecrpy Ha Cao6panajHoM o,[(ceKY cDmqJ1TeTa
TeXHH"!KHX HaYKa y HOSOM Ca,n:y.
Y6p3aHH P33Boj HaYKe 11 TeXHHKe ycnoBHo je 3HaqajHe npOMeHe y HaLJ.!1HY l1pepa,n:e nOIllTal{CKHX nOlJ.l11JbKH. MeXa.!{H3alJ,Hja H aYTOMaTH33l.l.1~a npepa,n:e 110IllTal{CKV,x TIOIllHJbKH, ca IJ;I1JbeM I10Bena'ba KBaJJHTeTa H lheHe eq:mKaCHOCTIl, TeCHO je rrOBe3aHa ca pa3BojeM
TpaHC110pwllX cpe,n:CTaBa H ypeljaja, enelcrpomiKe H h'1i4JopM3l.l.HOmlX reXHOJ!onrja CXO,n:HO TOMe 3a rrpaBH.iIaH m6op, rrpojeKioBalhe, eKClIiIOaTaIJ;l1jy H o,np)!(aBalhe OBaKBllX CHCTeMLl
HeorrxO!J:'&l cy HHTep,n:HcUHIDuiHapHa 3Ha}ba Koja nope)..( ,[(o6por n03HaBalba 4JYHl{].l,HOGarrHOKOHCTPYKiHBHHX KapaKTepHCTHKa MaIllHHa H ypeljaja 3a rrpepa,n:y rrOlllTaHCKHX rrOlllHJbK.l1 33XTeBajy 3Halba H3 06J!aCTH Oprmm33l.l.Hje TOKOBa MarepHjarra, aYToMaTH33l.J.Hje H yrrpaBJbatha. 360r TOra je y nO)!(eH 3Ha4ajal{ Hallop ,n:a ce OBa MaTepHja rrpHJlaro,n:11 nOTpe6aMa
CTY,[(eHaTa cMepa 3a ilOlllTaHCKH ca06panaj H TeneKoMYHllKa.l.l,Hje.
KlhHfa Ca,n:p)!(H ce,n:a/v! rrOrnaBJba Y YBO,ll,HOM )..(eIry cy aHanH3HpaHe KapaKiepl1CTI1Ke
rrOlllTaHCJ.(J.L'( rrOIlLl1JbKH !(aO TpaHCDoTHor MaTepHjana Y ,n:pyroM rrornaBJbY )laT je npHK33 OCHOBHHX TexHonornja npepa,I\e 110111Tal{CK.V!X nmllIJbKH '1HMe je cIBopeHa rrO,L(J!ora 3a
H360p Ii K.rracH4JHK3J.J.l1jy peJleBaHTHllX TPaHCrroprnllX MaIllHHa H ypeljaja KapaKTepHCTHqHllX ca CTaHOBHlllTa rrpHMeHe y caspeMeHllM nOIllTal{CKHM I.\eHTPHMa. MarnHHe H ypeljajH HerrpeKH,ll,HOr TPaHcrropm cy 06paljeHH y -rpeneM ,[(0 IlleCTor nOrJIaBJba ca HeoIL'(O,n:HlLV!
npopaQyHI1Ma H npH.Ka3Hivla KOHCTPYKiHBHllX pernelha CaBpeMeHH.X rrperOBapHYlX ypeljaja. Y ce,Il.iWOM nOrnaBJbY je )1eT3JbHllje 06pcljeHa cneumj}li'ma o6naCT TPaHcrroprno-nperoBapHe np06neMaTIlKe Koja ce O,ll,HOCH Ha aYTOMaTH30BaHe TPaHcnoprne CHCTeMe 3a npepa,[(y nOIllTaHCKllX nOIllliJbKH (po60TH H MatllilTynaTopH, aYTOl\1aTCKH BoljeHa B03Hna, aYTOMaT'A30BaLJ.!1 CHTeMli 3a crrajafbe pa3!J:Bajllibe rrHCMOHOCHllX !10lL'HJbKH). iloce6Ha rrCl)KHXl je nocBeneI'la JIl1HHjaMa 3a c0piHpllibe nOrnTaHCKllX nOlliHJbKll Koje cy 0,[1 rrpHl'ympHor 3Haqaja 3a caBpeMeHe rromra.qCKe u:eHTPe.
Peu;eH3eHTH npo4J. '[(P H. na6wrl H npo$. ,np M. nYKYMlipOBHn cy KOHcrpYKiHBHHlYI
CaBerHMa ,[IOnpHHenH rr060JbllIllibY KBaJJHTeTa OBor yl,l6eHHKa 3a qera liM p:yryjeM BerLHKY 3aXBaTIHOCT.
110ce6HO ce 3aXBaJbyjeM aCHCTeHry P:HI1J1. HIDK. B. BacHhy H crpY'lliOM cap3.D:Hwr<)' ,ll,HITn. HHlK. P. DOKHhY Ha TPY.I.\Y KOjU cY ynO)!(ll.JIH OKO TeXHH4Ke rrpHrlpeMe OBe KlhHre.
HOBH Ca,[l, MapT 2005. AYTOP
Car) p:Jlcaj
L ......................................................... 1
.1 TparrcrropTIIH
2. TEXHO..;10rHJE
BpCTe. cBojcma H IGlpal(TepHCTHEc '" . 4
nOWllJbKH. ....... lO
2.1 TeXI-IOJlOrHja HCTOBaPei 11 MaraUHOllHpalb2l npHCneJ1HX nOIllT2lnCKl1X
rrOlIlHJbKH....... ........... ............... .............. ............ ............. . .......... II
2.2 TeXH0J10[}rja aYToMannoBaHc rrpepanc rrOlliTanCKHX nOIlIHJbK!1 ..... 14
2.2.1 TCXHOJIOfl1ja ayroNIaTI130B2lHe npCpaL(e CTaI-I,QapJ-(Hl1X nHC~IOHOCHl1X
nOWHfbKH .. ............. ........................ ............ . ....................................... IS
2.2.2 TeXHOJlOmja aYTOMaTl130BClHe npepaJ-(e flOWTaHCKI1X speha ............... 19
2.2.3 TCXHOJlOfl1ja aYToMClTI1:loBClI-le npepa)J,e naKCTa 11 ca;J.P)Kaja naKCTCKI1X
spefia ............................................................................................................... 22
2.3 TexHoJlonrja CKJIaLI)1IllTClba 11 YToBapa npepal}eHl1X nOIll. rrOIlll1Jb .. 27
3. 11 TPAHcnOPTEPA ........... 29
3.1 KflacwlmKaul1ja TpaHcnopTepa KOjl1 ce npl1l'vrefb yjy Y II 0 WTZEv!a ....... 29
3 .2 KanaL(IITeT :vraWl1HGl HenpeK11fJ}IOr TpancnopTC1 ................................. 30
4. TPAKACTH TP
~~~- 4.1 OCIIOBlle KapmCl'epHCTl1Ke 11 orUIC ................................. 34
4.2 OCHOBH11 cnCMeHTll 1I )JCJlOBH ................ . .............................. 36
4.2.1 TpaHcnopTlle TpaKc ...................... .. .36
4.2.2 EneMeHTI1 3a OCI2d·bal·be TpaKe ......... . ..................................... 38
4.2.3 Ey6!-bel3l1 .......................................... . .. ...... .41
4.2.4 flOrOHCKl1 ypel)ajYl ............................................................................. .42
4.2.5 3aTC3Hl1 ypdjajYl .................................................................................... 48
4.2.6 YToBapl-lH ypcl)ajYl ................................................................................. 50
4.2.7 Ypel)ajYl 3a HCToBap MclTepl1jana ............................................................ 51
4.3 TIpopa1.IYH TpaKaCTYIX TpaI'lcnopTepa ................................................. S6
4.3.1 MeTO.f\a 06HJlaCKa Kowrype (MeTO.f\a noje.f\I1BClLIHHX oTnopa) ............... 57
4.3.2 Ilp116nl1)KHo O.f\pel)HsaJ--bc OTflopa 11 nOTpe61-le CHare 3a Kpe-rmbe ......... 72
7jJCIILCI7()f!!l!!W LI IlpemO(!(fp"CI cperiCnlliCl 1I ypeljaju II
4.4 CneL(I·rrjlwIHc. npCTOBapl1a lTOCTPOjI..Jlb<::l en TpaK<::lCTHI>-r Tpaucnop ...... 75
5. J1AHl.lACTH TPAHCnOPTEPH ......................................................... 77
".1 CWIlF1KH eJlevlCIlTl1 II ;lcnOBH T.lI·F1ClCHIX rpaHClJOpTcpa .............. 77
:> . i jlCllllHl H Nli-l'ial·1Huvl ........... .. '71
. .......... _ ........... i!
......... 80
oTlmpa KjJn<lll,y ........................................................... 83
OTl10Pll Ha npJBlElIilmjcKoj TpaCY! . \<0 .. .................... u_l
lJa KpMBOJIHliHjCKOj TPClOl ............... . .85
OTllOp) ... ......... , ................ 87
5.2.4llHl'lel!l-IYI'lKLI onrepCliClbC1 Y lIYL iHOM JlJlIlW 89
5.3 fLloLJaCTH TpaucnopTepH ................................................................. 90
5.3.1 OCHOBlle KapaKTCpHCTI1KC H OIHlC ypefjaja... . ................................... 90
5.3.2 OCl'IOBHH cnCMCIITH H .QCnOBH .................................................... . .94
5.3.3 f1pOpClLIYH llJIOLJaCH1X TP<lf'ICIIop-TepCl .................................................. 95
5A Buechu TpaIIC110pTCJ1H ....................................................................... <)8
SA. i JCW'IOUlI-lHCKH (13Y'lCHli) Tpa!ICllOpTepH ..... ............................... 100
5A.2 ,ll130UlH!!CKH (nOTHcKyjyl1Yi) TfXlI-ICllopTepH ....
5A.3 SHcenM TjJaJ-lCnOpTCpH Cel ayrolioMHH;\1 rJOf'OllOi\1
c-rCl'3e) .
5.5 <:P.rreKCHOI-IJ]HH nOJUIl1 TpaHCllopTepH ....... .
5.6
........................ 110
13I-lccl'le
.... 116
..... 121
.................... 126
5.7 H ',a BCpTIIKaJIHO lUnaJ-h": - enC13aTopH .................................. 127
5.7.1 BpCTe H o6nacTH npHMellc ................................................................ 127
5.7.2 BvLl:>YU11G1CTYI eneB3TopH ................................................................... , 128
5.7.3 Encsa:ropYl CaJbyJbaWKClMCl ............................................................... 129
5.7.4 f1JlO'IaCTH encsClTopH (C HnH Z CnCKlTOpI-l). .. ............................. 130
5.7.5 llpopaLIYH cncBaTopa ........................................................................... 131
6. TPAHCnOPTEPH EE3 BYQHOr EJIEMEHTA ............................ 134 6.1 fpaBHTaUHoHH ypel)ajH .................................................................... 134
6.1.1 flpClBOnYlf-ll.-ljcKc KJlYl3!-1YllLe ................................................................... 134
6.1.2 KOM6HH013aI'Ie npaBOJl!-ll-IHjcKe KJlH3I'lI-lue ............................................ 136
6.1.3 KpHBOnHl-lHjcKe KJlH3l-lHue ................................................................... 137
III CaiJpJICaj
6.1.4 3aBojHe KJlM3HHI\e ................................................................................ 138
6.2 BaJbKaCnI TpaHcnoPTepH ................................................................. 14 j
6.2.1 BaTbKacTH TpaHcnopTepH 6e3 norOHa .................................................. 141
6.2.2 BaJbKaCT!-l TpaHcflopTepH ca norOHOM ................................................. !50
7. AYTOMATH30BAHH TP AHCnOPTHH CHCTEMH ................. 154
7.1 AYToMaTcKH BolJeHa B03HJJa (ABB) ................................................. 156
7.1.1 OCHoBHe KapaKTepHcTHKe !-l BpcTe ABB ............................................. 158
7.1.2 OCJ1albalbe 11 yrrpaBJbalbe KpeTalbeM B03HJ1a. BpcTe H pacIlope,!\ TOqKOBa
163
7.1.3 Cl-lCTeMl-l Boljelba .................................................................................. 165
7.1.4 YnpaBJhalhe aYTOMaTCKl-l BoijeHHM B03HJ1HMa ..................................... 170
7.2 MammynaTopH H p060TH ................................................................ 178
7.2.1 ,D;e<pHHl-lIJ}lja l-l KJIaCH<PHKaI\Hja ............................................................ 178
7.2.2 SpCTe po60Ta ....................................................................................... 180
7.2.3 reoMeTpHja H KHHeMaTilKa MexaHH3Ma po60Ta ............... A ••••••••••••••••••• 181
7.2.4 MHHHMaJ1Ha KOH<pHrypa~Hja MaHl-!l1yJIa~HOHOr po60Ta ..................... 183
7.2.5 3aXBaTHl1 MeXaHH3aM (XBaTaJbKa po60Ta) ........................................... 185
7.2.6 CeH30pl-l y p060Tlll.\l-l ........................................................................... 190
7.2.7 OCHOBHH rrojMOBl-l ynpaBJbalba po60THMa ........................................... 192
7.2.8 f1pHMep!-l npHMeHe po60Ta .................................................................. 194
____ ..L7.3 Ypel)ajH 3a nOBe3I-lBat-be, pa3,Il,Bajafbe H ............................. 195
7.3.1 Pa3.QBaja'-lH TepeTa ............................................................................... 198
7.3.2 YpeljajH 3a CopTHpalbe ......................................................................... 203
7.4 YnpaBJbafbeTpaHcnopTHHM H npeTOB<lpHHM ypelJajHMa ................ 214
JI]iITEP A TYP A ...................................................................................... 225
Yeoo
L
l{0pHwl1eI'be TCXIIWIKHX CpeL\CTaBa '3Cl WBalbe Ii npCHOWelbe rrojeI\HHClLfHy!X Tepenl
11 BCnHKllX KOmFHlHa MaTeplljiLla OHJlCl je rrpHpOmra HY'iKHOCT VI TC)l(!ba ,"bY;lCKOr
,L(PYlllTBCl jom Y ;.(ClneKoj npOlllJlOCTH. VII-lTeml1BI-llIlvl pCl3Boje:,>j l1H)1YCTplljcKe
npOH3BOI(I-be ca je;Irfe Crpal-fe H rIOBenaH,C,\1 nOTpOWlbe ca Jlpyrc CTpane npooneM
TpaHcnopTa pooe .Ie HCTJKlfYT Y npBH [lIlaH.
Y 3aB}!CllOCnf OJ( pacTojal'ha HCl !Coje ce npeMCWTa MaTepHjan (TepeT) npH
TpaHcnopTY OH ce MO)Ke rrO;J:eJlYlT}! Y J(Be OCHOBHe rpyrrC' H TO Ha CllOJbHH
TpaHcnopT (caoopanaj) H YIIYTpClmlbf! TpClHcrrOpT. J~an,a KJlacHqmKaUHja OBa ,L(Ba
BH.ua TpaHcnopTa .Ie :.lara HCl cn. 1.1.
(TIOJblHI TPAfKTI0PT
I'"IE;{AHI12Al.iHJA-r'"ilcWI'ICit I I
CJlllKO 1.1. ()cHOmta noc)eJlO mpoltcnopma
YHYTPClWfbH TpaHcnopT npe)1,cTClBJba npeHowelhe MClTepHj3nCl HCl penClnIBHo
KpaTKa pacTojafba Y OKBHpy npHBpeJl,HHx oojeKaTa I1JlH mMel)y I-bHX HajLfemiie
Be3aHO 3a HeKl1 npOH3BOJl,HH HJ1H YCJlYJKHH npouec. TpaHcnopTHa cpe,rrcTBCl, Koja ce
KopHcTe Y yHyTpaWI-beM TpaHcrropTY 3a npeHOC H npeTOBap TepeTa, Jl,eJJe ce Y Jl,Be
OCI-lOBHe rpyne me cna)),ajy MaWHHe H ypeIjajH ca npeKHJI,l-lHM (UHKJIWlHHM) pa)),oM
- )),H3aJJHue H MalllHHe H ypdjajH CCl HenpeKHJI,HHM (KOl-rnlHyam'IHM) PClJ(OM -
TpaHcnopTepH. Y Hape)1,]-]oM TeKcTY ne 6HTH o6palJel-Ia npOOJ1eMaTl1KCl MalllHl-la H
yp(1)aja ca HenpeKHAHHM pa,rrOM, T3B. TpaHcnopTepa.
2 7j7CIIIC}1{)P177iiU U npel71()c;opltU CPU(jClIl8G1 11 vpe!Juju ~--------------------------~----~-
KapaKTepHCTVlK<l 'VIaWHHa kl ypcf]aja ca IH::npCIGl;\HHM PH)10M jc npCrvlCLllTafbC
oe3 3ayC'l'al3jb~l[ba PCl}.H1 IIplL\ .. BaT(uL~i i·1 ())'Ul(1r~Hba 3a
pa3;f}IKY 0)1 Tp~HJCrropTf-n-lx M<llilHliCl ca npCKff)llIHM paitOi\i r~tC cc npCMCllJTalbC
TcpcTa BPWYl Y UJfKJIYCI-IMCl IZOjll cc cacTojl! 11'; llHLilC pa3J!1-I'1lITHX oncpaul-IJa -
BeUlaJ-be TepeTd, nOf\!lepaH>~ JIH33J1Yfue ea TepeToi'v1, DCTaBJ1-<llhe TepCTCl .kl
rrpa3Hor TpaHCnOpTl-IOr Cpc;JCTBa y nO'ICTl-lfl -.l~\ OTIIO'H-!lbalbC HOBOI'
1 Hllc-Iyca. OBOiV1C i\!tUJHll-le H f-lcnpeKHl-LHO{' TpaHCrIOpTa
OC-rnapvlBal-bC 31f,lTHO BciillX KallaU~ITCTa lIcro .MaLllVllfC l-I ypelpJYI ca
npCKHJ-~l-IHM paLI,OM.
MallHfIlC u ypci)ajl! HcnpcKH: . .(!-iOr TlxlHCIIOPTa ce y crHIM rrO~]pyLljHMa
_:DY,f\CKe J.(enaTl-IOC'J'J-l KaKO 3a TPaJ-ICI10PT MClTcpJ--ljaJla TaKO H 3£1 npclloc !bYW-L nOpe)1
Tora OBI-I ypcl]aj!-l i'vlory ga pa-,~c HC3al3l-1CllO O).( HCKor Ilpml3130:rHor npOL~cca ~L1H C)
lrl-1peKTHO YKFbYLJCHH y IberOllO O)]'13VIjal-be npYl 'levlY je illOryne OCTSapYiTYI BiiCOK
crenell ayroMaTH3aL\Hjc OBClKBllX npoqeca yo, 31JaTHO 1I0l3CnaH,e clfmKaCl-lOCTYI
npOH3BO)J,J-bC. YnpaBO Cel'lvlCIIT p06JI01' nOWTaffCKOf ca06pahaja if OL(ImjaI-he
TeXHOJ!OUJKHX npoueca npcpa)],c flOUJTaI-ICKl-lX nOUll-UhKH y nOlDTaMil noce6l-1o y
nOlDTilI-lCKHM UeHTpHMa H3HcKyje TaKBe KapilKTepl-ICHIKe Tpar-ICI10pTl-mx MaWHH<l vI
ypclJaia. GBe rvwflll-lffe ce y oKlmpy flOUlTa KopHCTe KaKO 3a "CT<lH~\apl\HC" :lCl)J,aTKe
TpaI-ICnOpTa, npeTOBapa II CKJlilmllDTerha TaKO !l Kao rnaBJ-!H MOI\YJIlI HlrrerpHC,UIl-1
Y OKBHPY OCl-fOBHl-lX !l crrCUHC!}WIl-ll-lX MaLlfl1l-la H onpeMe 3a rrpepa;w rJOWTaHC)(!-!X
nOUlHJbKl-l (Hnp. MaIlIHJ-Ie 3a KOf-\l1pmbe, MatLll-lHe 3a CllpTllpal-be .. _).
Ha eJl. 1.2 je J.(aT rn06aJlHH npH)(a3 TOKOKl nllCMOIIOCHHX !lOLUHJhKH Y nourraHCKOM
cao6pailajy ca l'na!3!II--lM nOlU'T'allCKl-lM l~el!Tp()M 3Z1 ibHXOBY npep'l{iY. J(onpeMalbC
nOLUTallCKHX nOLlHUbKI1 Ii Ir'1cTpH6Yl\!lja 06pal)c!!Hx nOIIlTiWCKH nOllll-lJbKH cc
SPUH'i Cpe)lCTBHMa CrrOJbfber TpaHC1l0pTCl (cao6paliajlIa cpeJlcma) I'I(e cc nope)],
cpe;wraBa J~pyMcKor TpaJ-lCflOpTCl l-l )Kej!e3mll~e 3a \1l-rrCpKOI-lTvIHCHTanHH H
npeKooJ(eaI-lCKH TpaHcflopT KOPl-ICTC aBl-IOHH H OPOgOl3l-1. OCHOB!-le KapaKTCpYlCHIJ(e
TpaHcnopTIlHX H npcToBapHHx CpeL\CTGlBa VI ype15aia CC KOPHCTC Y OKBHPY
TOKOl3a !1I1CMOHOCI-lHX rIOillHJbKH Oil YJla3a y nOUlTilliClOl uelrrap, npeKo fLHXOBe
aYToMaTl130mUfe l1pepa;l,c j~O YToBapa H lb!-iXOBe O'rrIpeMe vJ:l nOlllTaHCKor L\elrrpa
tie Ol-lTI1 npe;~MeT pa3MaTpalba y OBOM YlJOClHHCY.
YrmO
I
---
3
I-
5 c:: (,) :r;:: -<l:
I c.. i l-
rS:
I :£ :3
I <1: c.. l-"
I >. ::r: >.
---
TpClIlCllOpmllU II npemOCOplLO cpecknwo II vpe/juju
CTBa Ii
BpCTa H KapaKTepHcTHKC MclTCplljaJfa KOjVl cc TpaHcnopTyjc YlMajy BemrKH YTYlLHIJ
Ha "1360p o):(roBapajyllcl~ nllla H KOHCTPYKUlrjy TpancnopTHor CpCJ\CTsa.
YomLlTe. aKO cc IBY3MC H3 pa3MaTpaI-ba TPa!-ICflOPT (1)!lYH;~a. TpaHcliopTHY!
M3:rcpHjan ec MO)KC nO;JcmlTH I-Ja KO;VlallHH H pacy'!"!'
KOMaAHH M:lTCpnjaJI npCJ(CTaBJl,a nojcLuIHaC!l-lC TCPCTC KOjH cc jaBTDLrjy y CBOM
peam-lOM 06mlKY (MaWiIHC. ypclJajH H l-MIXOBH J(CIlOBH, lloflycpa6pl1KaTH, pooa !1
cn.), HJ1H cy HaCTaml flaKOBal-bCM OH![O KOjc Bpc-rc MaTCpYljana y [lanCTC, BpCl1C,
KYTHJC, nocyJ(c, KOl-ITCHCPC HTg. OCHOBHe KapaK'rCpHCTHKe OBHX IvJaTepHjaJlil, ca
CTaHOBHlDTa H360pa H KOIICTpYKLl,Hje TpalIcnopTrIor cpcgcTBa. cy Tc)KHHa H
J(HMeH3Hje Korvlalla. Te)KHHa OJ(pcl)yje l-lOCHBUCT a IbcrOBLl BCJlWIHHa J(HMCI-I3Hjc
cnCMeHaTa TpaHcnopTcpa. nOpet~ Tora HcOnX0)11-10 jc. npH ~1300PY HJlH
npojeKTOBatbY ypclJaja BO)1HTH paLlYI-la VI 0 llPyrHM ocoovlIlaMa MaTcpHjana Kao UlTO
cy: OOJlHK, Te:vrncpcrrypa, 3anaJbHBOCT, CKClln03HI3!10CT. XHgpOCK0l11-10CT HTJl.
Pacynl. MaTepHjaJl 06YXBaTa pa3JlW!HTC KOMaJ(acTc, 3pl-laC'rc H npalDKaCTc
M<lTepHjanc KOjH CC jal3Jbajy y I3CJlIi[(!1M KOJlI1'-1Hl-Iarvla ca OCHOBHOM
KapaKTcpHcTHKOM ga CC Mory CHnaTH 11 rpaOHTH (I-lCoopalJefic IlHCMOHOCHC
nOllll-UbKC, )IGnapHL(C, necaK, BOne, HTt],.). no C130jHM OCOOvIHaMa OSVI MaTcpHjaml
ce Hana3C m:v1cDY LIBPCTHX H TClll-IHX MaTcpHjana jcp flOCC)}yjy orpaHWICHY
nOKpCTJbl1BOCT lllTO HM OMOrynaSa TpallcnOpTOBal-bC y CJlOOO):(HO HaCYTOM CTLtH,y,
OCi-IOBI-!C KapaKTCpHCTYIKC OBvlX MaTepYIjana cy: yrao npHpOJ\lIOr na,QCl wm yrao
---y-H-y-Tpallllbcr TpCl-ba, 3anpCMHHCKa rycTHHa, KpyrlHol1a OW-IOCI-IO rpm-IYJIOMcTPHjcKYl
caCTaB, a6pa3l-1BHOCT HTJ(.
npCMa OBOj nOJicml OCI-JOlla 3a KJI'-lcmlmKaL(Hjy TparlCllopTHor MaTepHjana l-!a
KOMaglIH H pacynl OU OHO HaLIHH PYKOBalba TepCTOM. YKonHKo cc pYKOBaH,C BplllH
nojC)1YIlla<lHo ca CBaKl1M KOMaJ(OM TpaHcflopTlfOr MaTcpHjana TalWB MaTcpHjaJl
IlpeJ(CTaBJba KOMaJ(HH TCPCT OC3 o63Hpa Ha l-bCrOBY BCJ1Wfl1HY H TC)KI-rHY (BeflHKH l'l
TClllKH KOMaJ(H HLrj'-lcmhe, 3001' OrpaI-Ifll!eHHX MoryilHocTH TpmlCfl01JrlIHX
cpCJ(CTaBa, 3axTc13ajy nojcgHHaYHO pYKOBalbe).
ilomnlllCKC nOlHHJhKC 06YXBaTajy pa3Ha I1HCMa, ):(ormCl-lHL(C, 6al-lJ:\cponc,
IllTaMnallH MaTepHjaJl (gl-lcl3Ha IllTaMfla, lIacomlCH, Kfbl-IrC, ... ), naKCTC, 13PC):lHOCHC
flOWl-lJbKC (ceKorpaMC, HOB'-Ial-lC ynYTHHl\C). Ca CTaHOBHUlTa TpaHC110pTHO
npCTOBapHHX npOLl,cca, rgc CC Kao TpaHcnopTHC jeJlHI-IvILl,e jaBJbajy nOWTaI-ICKe
nOUlHJbKC, og 3HaYaja jc l-IaYHH PYKOBalba, 3aTHM Maca (Tc)KYIlJa) H J(YlMCH3HjC
nOlllHJbKH. CXO,QI-IO TOMC Moryhe je nOllITar-ICKC nOUlHJbKC flOgCJIHTH I-Ia lcoMap:llll
M<1TepHjaJI, rgc 6H cna,!lanc:
Yeoc) 5
flHCMOHOCHC nO!lH1JbKC HaKOH cperyj,mal{,a t1 YCBC)KH,aBalba (flHCMa,
):(OflHCHHL(e, WTaMOClHC CTBapH, CCKOrpaM,,1 ~l ~'laml naKeTH ):(0 :2 kg), cn.
1,3a
naKeT}! Cfl. 1.3B
nocy Jlc '3a CTaJl)wpi\I-lCl JIYICMLt Cfl, 1.3 r
nOWTaI-lCKe Bpelle 3a m1CMa H naKeTC, cn. 1.3J~
KOHTCHCPI1 3a nocYJ(e, BpelJc l'l naKCTC, CIL 1.3fj
l1aJleTC (60KC H C'ry6 [[anerc), cJl.l.3e,)K
H pacyTll -repel' KOjH 6I-l o6yxBanlO:
nHCMOHOCHe nOWHJbKC npc cpefjvlBal-ba 11 )KHrOCal-ba, cn. 1.30
Ms2kg L?B
a)
L=300-1400
MoS30kg (MoS 15kg)
.. ~ ~ ,,~_._~-,
c)
0)
?)
6 TpmlCI10jJl7IIIO 1I npel7l0({OplI{/ cpec)c!1l(J(l u ypeijaju
M:o;30Kr A _ 3a nVlCMOHOCHe nOWVlfbKe
() - 3a nOWTaHCK8 nSK8T8
0) ij)
e) JIC) J)
C'IWW 1.3. Bpcme IIlPOHCI10PlllllO? .H(fmepujwzCl v IlOUllllWICKO,H caoopa/1aj\'
Crl1!-!J(apW'le 1l0WTaHCKe nOWliJbKe, Koje ynoTpe6Jbl1Bajy Ilallle ]lOUlTe Y YHYTpaWl-beM H MeIJYHap0iJ,HoM ca06panajy cy L(aTe Y Ta6m1L\l1 T-I.I.
Y(jOC) 7
T-l.1. KnacHqmKat(Hja jj KapLlKTCpyICTi-lKC llOWTaHCKHX nOUJMJbKl·j Y Hmuoj 3CiVUbH I ~ il - YHYTpawlLY! cao6pal'wj - 'I
il'I' BpC'ra I HajBcna -------:,'1' I' lTHMC1J3l1.J· C
110L'lW II i TCiK. (kg) ~ 'I II-I --1-, -' '-' b-K-,---+------t-3-6-Yl-P-"-W-.-,K-l-! l-rc-,-u-I-H-P-lI-I'-,c-l-r-B-y-rC-I-II-Ie-' -9-0-c-' n-1------
8 TpallCrlOplllltLl l/ npcmoeapllu Cpc()cl1wa II ypc}jaju
TIilCMOIlOCIlC nOnllLhKC, CIL 1.3a H 0, ca CTalIOBmUTa CpeilCT<lB<l :vleXallll3aL1HJe Ii
aYTOMan13aL(Vlje H fbHXOBe flpCp<l.L\C J(ene ce H<l LC - IlHC\lil H !(OIlHCWWC
CTaH,QapnHlIX !UIMCH3l1Ja 1·1 AO nHCMOHOCIIC rIOIllHJbKC HeCTali}IaplilIV!X
.ilJI~reH31·0a.
TIOUlTllUCIGl nllKCTH, C~. 1.3B, CC jaBJb<ljy KaO M<lCOllfiC Tp<lHCnOpTHC jCl\IlHHqC y
nOIllT<lI·ICKOM caoopatlajy ca KapaKTCpHCTI1Katvra mmenCHfiM y TaOJJlIUl1 T-l. 1 npH
ye~ly, ca CT<lHOBHIJJT<l ayrmvlaTH30BaHc npcpa,Qe, OBLIC crra,Qajy H ~lam'l naKe'!',,! ll:3
rpyne nHc~rOIIOCiH1X flOWHJbKY!.
YKpYrrI-ballalbCM flOlliTaHCKHX nOWHJbrm ml,vlohy nocy;w, Bpeha. KOIITCl-lCpa H
nanCT<l, npoqccl1 npcpa,Qe, TpaHcnopTa, npc fOBapa vi Cf<JraJ(l1llJTClba nocrajy
CCpHIG1Cl-lHjU.
TIocYi:iC, C11. 1.3 r, cc KopHcTe y npOl{CcHMa npcpaJ\e. nOpe;\ rIocY,Qa 3a cMcluTaj
Cr<lJ·I.L\ap,QHl1X LC nOWHJbKH KopHcTe cc nocy):1c BehHx ,QH,vler'J:mja 3a cMelllTaj
HecTaHuap,QHHx AO nl1C,vlO!-!OCHHX flOlllHJbKH.
TIolllTaHcKc Bpclic, cn. 1.3,Q, K30 ImjMacoBlll1je TOBapl'le je,QHllHl{C nOUlT<lHCKOr
ca06paJi.aja CflY)KC 3a npcHoc CBHX BpcTa rWCMOHOCHHX rrOIJJHJl,KH H naKCTa. Bpclle
npc;vla ca,Qp)Kajy Mory 6HTl1 ca OOI1'-lHHM nHC:VlOHOCHl1M nOWHJbKilMa, O,1HOCHO ca
nojcLUlHaL!HHM nVlCMHMa HJlH ca CBC)KI'beBl1Ma flHC1M<l, CBC)KlbCBl1:Via illTa:VlflaJ·iHX
no UlHJ1,KH, ca McmOBHTHM Canp)KajcM flHCMOHOCHrIX nOUll1J1,Kl-!. ca lllTaMnaHllM
MaTcpHj<lnoM. ca naKCTHMa H naKcTH1111Ma. rIpervra H3BCtjCHOM CCl!W)Kajy OCHOBHCl
no,Ucna Bpena je Ha:
mlC:VIOHOCHC Bpenc
naKeTCKe Bpcllc
Bpelle ce 03f-Ja'1aBajy pa3nwIHToM 60jOM y 3<lBHCJlOCTH O,Q Cagp)K<lj<l: oenOM (3a
oowmy KopCCnOUCHl{Hjy), L\pBeHOM (3a npenopYLlellC nOLIlH.fhKC), 3eneHOM (la
rIOmTaHCKe naKCTC) H )KYTOM (3a WTaMnaHC MaTcpHjanc).
YKpymbaBaJbC nOWTaHCKHX nOllll-UbKH nOMony 1I0UlTallCIOf.X KOllTcllcpa cn. 1.30, KOJvl npe,QcT3BJb3jy KOnHl{a C3 )KWlaHOM orpaUOlvl, cc BpUHl nyTeM 3YTOM3Ta 3a
YTOBap KOHTeHepa, cn. 1.4.
YriC!O 9
C'lUlW 1. -I. Ayrno'llC1l71"ia I7YlhCTbC T70UtrlWTICf{UX K01I17?ellcpa
fIaJICTlnauHja naKCTa, cn. 1.3 "3, CC BplllH IbHXOBHM aYToMaTcKHM CJlaraIbeM no
oUfl..efjeHoM pacflopc;lY Ha nanCTC CTaIUaPJJ:lllIX ,UHMcH3Hja (cYPO-IlG1neTe) Koje
npegCT<lBJbjy C(!lHKaCl-fC TpaHcnopTHc jC;Ullllll{e cnOIbH,er TP<lHcrIOPT<l
(caoopallaja). KaKo na11CTl13armja 3aXTeBa YCKJlafjcllc ll.HIVICH3Hjc naKeTa (-3a capa cy
ll.e(pHHHCaHc C<lNlO IbHXOBe HajBehc H Hajlvla!be MCpC T-l.l) C<l CTaH)(api(H30B<lIIHM
ll.HMCH311jaMa naJ1eTa, 3a ca,Qa je npHMeHa OBI·IX ccpYIKacHHx TpaHCIlOpT!-ly!X
jeUHl-lHl{a y nOUlT<lHCKoj npaKCJ.l BeOMa peTKa. MeryyTHM npHMeHa fioKe, Cfl. 1.3c,
ylJlH cTy6, Cfl. 1.3)1(, naneTa y nOlllTaIICKOM ca06pal1ajy je 3HaTHO Yelllna. flY!bCfbe
OOKC naneTa BpenaM<l Hajycwhc ce BplllH py4HO, .L\HPCKTHO ca BHceher
Tpat·JCnOpTepa, a y nocne.L\Ibe BpeMe cc 3a OBY onepaUHjy KopHcTe MaHHnyna:ropH 11
p060TH.
10 TpCII[CJ)Oj!lJllla l/ npCillOlWjiliO CjJe()clIIlw II ype~(Jju
2. TEXHOJIOrlIJE fIOillllYbKH
EPA,2lE
Y OBOM ,ne.:IY I'\e ce YKpaTKO npHK<l3aTII TCX1IOJlOnIja IIpcpa~le 1I0lJlTcUICI01X
IlOUIHJbKH, KOPHCTet\H pa3Mcrrpmb<l ,'.(G1Ta y (I Cel UyUbCNl CarJlC~IClBillba Y'leIlltw II
ynore TpaHCflOpnlYlX n npeTOBilpHHX cpenCTaBa Y! ypcl)aja y nOLlJTaIJCKO:vl
cao6pal\ajy. Y CBONI pa3130jy pa3JlllKyjy ce qeTllpll rCIIepaLll'ljc .vlalUllHCl 'la npepa!w
rrOWTaHCKHX IlOWIlJbKH. HHTerplicaHe iVIaUHlHe IIOCnC)J1bC reHepaI,IIJC
npC1CTa13JI,aJY MO~(yJlap::e CHCTeMe 3a npepany CaCraBJbeHC H3 MonYJra KOjH
o6c36ei)yjy aYTOMaTH30BaHO H3BpWaBaI"e CBHX Ci}a3a npepa;le. Pa1NlaTpaH.c
TeXI-lonorHja llpepane nOLllTaHCKYIX nOLUHJ1,KH 113BpWHI\e ce rro pe.'.(y 0.QB1·lJal-bCl
rrojenllHHX cpa3a rrpepaL'(e llpaTenH TOK nOLUTaI-lCKHX flOLUllJbKYl y flOlllTallCKOM
l(eHTpy.
flOWTaHCKe Bpene H naKeTl-! ce JaBJbajy Kao llC~j'lC[LJj111 oomlK Tpal-iCIlOpTHHX
jenHHHl(a y "CnOJbtbeM" flOLUTaHCKOiVl caoopatiajy. CXOglJO TOMe H onpeMa-mlllHje
3a npepallY Bpeha, OnHOCHO rraKeTa y CG1MOM rrOlllTaHCKOM ueHTpy npCJrCTaBJbajy
3ace6He CllYHKl(HOl-lamle l(eflHl-Ie. Bpene Haj'lcwl'le Call,P)KC flHCMOHOCllC nOlllY!JbKC y
06m'IKY noje;:l,HHa'lHHX f1HCG1'\11a, CBe)KfbeBa flI1CaMa, CBe)KlbCB<I lllTaMlfaJ-IOl'
iVtaTepHjana, naKeTa, naKCTlr!\a H npcrropY'lel-1I1X nOlll}UbKl·1.
TeXHonOWKH npol(ec npcpalle IlOWTal-lCKHX BpelJa [1 naKeTa 06YXBaTa clenclie:
HCTOBap Bpeha II naKeTa 03 TpaHCllopTllHX cpellcraBa CnOJblber Tpa!-lCrrOpTa
TpaHcrropT BPCl'W 11 rtaKeTa .liO :VleCTa 3Cl pa3BpCTal3a1be HJ1l1 j:ro MeCTa 3a
cK~la;:l,illUTel-be
pa3BpCTaBatbe 13pcl\a I1 llaKeTa y TpaH3HTy
llpepaJ~a naKCTa H Ca,QP}Kaja BpelJa aL\peC"lpaHHX Ha caM nOLUTilHCI01 l~Cl-ITap
CKJIa;:l,HLUTel-be VI YTOBap Bpet1a H naKeTa, HaKOH llpepaj~e, y TpaI-ICnOpTl-la
cpenCTBa CllOJ1>Her TpaHcnopTa
Ha cn. 2.1 llpHKa3al-l je rn06anl-lH TOK nOUlTaIlCKHX nOUlHJbfCH 0,[( !-bHXOBOr
npl-lcnel'la Ha YJla3y no Ibl-lXOBe oTflpeMe !-la l-l3Jfa3Y l-l3 nOUlTaHCKor ueHTpa.
TeXtlO:lO!uje npepoeJe 170UII11CiilCKUX 110UlUJbJ{U 11
I;\CTOBAP ~'1
nPHI:nEF-,c; nl:J2TA-jl)·Q,1\ nl~IW:'lr[+I'\ I:nn)
CTnF'EM.A. nOWT."::',H(:f<}l\ ilOWHfiJi{),i I nil)
---------------------~/
nOW~lJbr,}1
no L!.JT.A.HC r~:;·l',·
nCIWi,Uof{H
C.'lUKCl 2.1. r'lOOOJIIIU fI10K cHClmepujwlO ca meXllO.'lOUlKLUV1 oncpcnfl1jo.V1a
mpallC170pma u npepa()c
TcxHonollIKH npolJ,ec TOKa H npepalle 1l0111TaHCKHX IlOWl-lJbKH l)e 6HTU YCJlOBIlO
nOneJbeH Ha TpH l(eJlHHe: HCToBap H MaraL\HOl-lHpalbC (1), npepana nOllITaJ·ICKHX
110IllHJbKH (II) 11 CKnanHlllTC!-be H YTOBap nIl).
1 TCXHOJiOrHia J
M M3nnU10H
npHCHCJnIX HOIHT3HCKMX IlOillMJbKH
flO[JJT,UICKe no LlHLl,Ke ce no nOWTG1fiCKHX L(elrrapa nOB03e )!(CJlC3J-1l-lL(OM,
KilivHlOI-UlMa l-Lll1 aYToMooHJlHMa. DOllna Koja ce npe1303H 6po'[(oBHMa HJll1
aBllOHHMa npeToBapa ce y BarOHe HJlH KaMHoHe, TaKO na CBe 1l0llfTaHCKe IlOllIHJbKe
yna3e y nOWTG1HCKH uel-lTap npeKo YToBapHO-l1CTOBapl-le ayTo HJlH )KeJle311WIKe
paiVlllc. HajLJewnI-! 06Jll-lK Tpal-ICf10PTl-IHX jenHHHl(a Y nOIllTaHCKOM caoopal1ajy cy
f10WTaHCKe 13pehe H naKeTl1. DomraHcKe Bpene H naKeTH ce Ha YJIa3Y jaBJl>ajy Kao
lloje.uHl-laLJHH KOMa;n-lU TepeTH HIIH ce, 3001' ecpHKacllHje MaJ-n-mynal(Hje, J~OB03e y
KOHTejHepYlMa I1JlJ1 eBef-lTya.nHO llaneTaMa. Y 3aBHCHOCTH o.u BpCTe TpaHCnOpTl-IHX
jeJJ,HI-IHl(a Koje llOJla3e y f10llfTaHCKH l(el-lTap, BlIcHHcrce pa3nHKe HHBoa YTOBapHe
paMf1e H TOBapHor caHnYKa TpaHcrropTHor CpeL\CTBa H pacnopena (layout -a)
orrpeMe 3a npepaJJ,y nOllITal-lCKHX rrOWHJbKH 3a HCTOBap TpaHcnopTHHx jenHHI-lUa H3
cpellCTaBG1 CflOJbHer TpaHCrrOpTG1 (KaMHOl-lH, BarOl-lH H eBeHTyanHo aYToM06l-lnH)
npHMe!-byjy ce pa3nHLJHTe BpCTe n03anJ-ll-lKO-TaHCrrOpTI-lHX MaIlIHHa, cn.2.:::.
, ) 1_ 7j7ClIlcnOjJlJlllLl Ii npel7l0!;ClpJIU Cpe()cl7II!a u ypeljLlju ----------------------------~----~----~.
(I)
-----, \
\
i))
e)
\ \
\
Ii)
6)
I JL-, n II\JI I I I I Ilml II~'=!!-
?)
h)
:)fC)
C'LUKO 2.2. llplL'vIepu .IVIC(WIU306C17I0? ucmoeapa 1I0UlI7UIIICKUX 110UlUfbKU
TeXIl(U02uje npepaoe 110UtrI1WICJ{UX 170111WbKU 13
Vl8KO Y nOllJTaI-ICKHM L\eWrpHMa npepana IIOlllTilHCKHX Bpeha VI naKCra H.\la
-laCCOHe rOKOBe Ha yna3HO-113:Ia311HM paivlWIMa TOKOBO nOilJTilHCKrIX IIOWHJbKH cy
Hnel-lTWIl-IYl rIa ce LleCTO KOPHCTH HCTa onpeMa.
CBe npHCneJIe nOWTaHClze nOWHJbKe ([H-ICivlOHOCHe nOIIlHJbKe, Bpel)e, naKenL
KOHTeHepl·I, ... ) cy HJII1 aj\pCCJ'lpaHe lJa fIOlllTal'ICKH L\CWrap. Ka!\a jc nOTpCOHO
ooe30CnHTH IHIXOBY npepaI\Y, Hfll1 cy Y rparnwry. rIPH!lHKO\l IICT013apa
1l0LUTaHCKI-lX nOllHCbKIi, anpeCHpamiX I·la nOllrraliCKH LjefJTap. o;:(13ajajy ce Bpclle oJj
naKeTa H ynyl1yjy Ha 3aceOHC nHHHjc 3a npepa;ry 13pel1a H naKCTa. Ha caMO.'>1 ymuy
ce on13ajajy nOWIlJbKC KOjC CC MalIlyIHCKH He o6paljyjy (XHTllIi naKCTH, PY'llbaLU-L ... )
H ynyl1yjy JlJ1peKTHO Ha MaHYaJIHY oopaJ\Y.
rIOlllTaI-lCKe Bpehc H naKeTH, Ka;:(a ce jaBJbajy Kao nojcnHHa'lHC TpaHcnopTHC
jenHHHLxe. ce Haj'1eWnc HCTo13apajy DOMNl" :V100HJTiIHX TpaKacTHx TpaHcllopTepa.
CJI. 2.2a. KOjH ce Mory "YBYI1I1" y T013apHIi callLlYK 1303HJla l-l Bl1CHllCKH no;:(eWa13aTH.
flpe6aL\vlBaHoe Bpena H naKeTa I-la TpaHC[ropTep cc BpllUI PY'1IJO. flaKeT}] ce
nOCTaSJbajy Ha TpaHcnopTep ca aJ\peCHOM CTpm-lOM OKPCHYTOM Ha rope.
I10lLlTaHcKe nOWJ.-lJbKe ce naJbe Mory TpaHcllopToBanr. y 3a13HCHOCTH 0):1 Hl-l130a
nHHHje 3a npepaJl.Y, J(O ca6Hplior TpaHcnopTcpa ,'\HpCKTHHM npCT013apOM npeKO
rpaBHTaL\HoHJ.-IX KJ1lnH>1L)a 11JIH npeToBapoM npeKO BaJbKaCTOr TpaHcnopTepa Ha
SHCen!! TpaHcnopTep ca aYTOMaTCKHiVl 3aX13aTHHM KJICWTHiVla 3a 13penc, OL\l-lOCHO
13vUbYWKaMa I-JOce11er eneMeHTa 3a naKeTC. cn. 2.2e.
KmlTel'lepYl Cd TO'1KOBH,yJa ce H3BJla'-lC 113 TpaHCnOpTl-IOr cpe,lcTB3 MaHyaflHO. KaCle
3a eJleKTpO-KOJlHL\a (KapeTC) l-l O.L\B03C L\O MCCTa 3a np,-GKl-bCl-be KOHTeHepa.
rJOillTdHCKH KOHTeJ-IepU ca TOLJl(OBI1M<l :\wry CC Onl303HfH fIOMOhy 1311CetiliX ByL!lll-lX
TpaHcnopTcpa CJ1. 2.2lj, HflH flOnlH.JX TpaHC[!OpTepa eS!. 2.2;\.
~1CTOllaP I-l3 TpallcnopTHor Cpc;:(cTBa KOflTeHcpa OC3 TOCIKOBa H lIaJleTLl ce BplUH
l-wjclcwl1c flOMOhy BI1JbywKapa. cn. 2.213. AKO jc flpeT013aplia paMna y J.-!CTOM IlHBOY
ca nO;lOiVl TOBapfior CaII.L\YKa TpaHcnopTHor cpe;xcTBa. SHJhYlLlKap Y)lCl3H Y
TpaHcnopTHo CPCJ(CTBO. 3aX13,rra KOliTCHCP O;.\l-lOCIIO I135ICTY VI X\l-lPCKTllO HX O)lIIOCH
no. ypeljaja 3Cl npmKl-belbe. AI(() je pacTojalhc Bclle ollLla 13HJbYUlKap npcTosapa
KOHTeHep OnHOCHO naJleTY Ha cncKTpO-KOJlJ.-lLja. C;1. 2.2r, Koja }IX Oll.ua 01.lB03e no
ypefjaja 3a npmK~bel-he. j.·kTo13ap Bpella Ii mlKeTa ca naJlC'ra ce BPWH PY'1HO, a Y
HOBHje BpcMe H nOMohy p060Ta H Mal-lHnymrropa. cn. 2.bI"
I1pmnbC}be KOHTcHcpa Ha MeCTHMa nO'1eTKa npepa;:(e ce BplllH lVIaHyeJlHO HJlH
nOMo!1Y ypeljaja 3a npmKlbelbe KOjIi 3aKpehy KOI-rrejHep 3a nOTpe6m'l Fao ;.\0
nOTnYHor npa)KJ-beI-ba.
Y [-IeKYlM CflY<lajCBYIMa HCToBapHa paMna je TC\lW npojeKToBaJ-Ia na ce 13pet1e H
naKeT!! ).(Hpel<THO H3 B03Hna PYLJHO CTa13Jbajy y oTBope KJlli3HHLja yrpafjCHf'IX Ira
npe.1:\J·boj nOBPUlHl-lH pal\me, cn. 2.3. TIPHJlHKOM 11cToBapa O.1:\Bajajy ce naKeTH 0.1:\
1-1 lJJaf{CI10Pl1llta u npemOlWpllO Cpe()cnllw U ypeijaju
Bpena y6aUllBarbeM y o'[(roBapajyl1e OTBOpe KJ1W3Htll\a TaKO ,[(a ce O'[(BojeHo O,[(B03e
y CfICTe:VI 3a npcpa)Jy Bpena O,[(HOCHO naKCTa.
300f CToxaCTWIKor KapaKTcpa ~\onpC:Vle rrOlllTallCKHX nOWHJbiGI OIre CC lIajL!culhe
npn nCToBapy Mopajy 3a)Jp)KaTVI o)JpellellO speMC Iia YJla3110M .ueny IIOllJTa!lCKor
uel-rrpa npe ynacKa y npouec flpepa,[(e. iVlaraW101IHpaibe Bpeha 11 llL!KeTa, KOjl1 He
H;1,Y O)JMax Ha pa3BpCTamlH,e, l-I1BO)JH CC Ha nJlO'laCTOM KPY)KlIOM Tpar-ICllopTCpy
T3B. Kapyccny. cn. 2.3, CJlH4HO OHOM KOjYl ce 4CCTO M())Ke BHL(Cnl Ha H3JIa3l-iv!;\1
TCPMlll-iaJlYlMa IIa aepo'[(poMHMa KOjl1 CJlY)KH 3a npcY3HMalbc npTJbara. Bpelic cc
'VlOry MarauHolIHpanl H Ha )JC;-IY BHcehcr TpilllcnopTcpa YKOJillKO je npc;~BHtJeH 3a
HCToBap. Ha cn. 2.3 npHKa3aH je "1eo CHCTeMa 3a 'VraraLlHoIIHpalbe ca KppKHHM
nJlO'JaCTHM TpallCl10pTepo'Vl (2) r)Je cc npcKo !GlH31l!llJa (j) ca yrosapl-Ie pai\Jfle
npe6aLlyjy Bpelic HJ1H naKcnL Bpeilc H naKeTH ce 3a}.W)KaBajy Ha KPY)KHOM
Tpal-ICnOrJTepy )-:(0 TpcHyTKa lbl1XOBOr yrrynvlBalI,a I-Ia npepa,[(y. YMCCTO KPY)KIIOr
nnOClaeror TpaHcnopTepa 3a MaraL\HOI-IHpatbe ce M())KC KOPl-ICTHTH H TaKTllH
TpaKaeTI1 TpaacnopTep ca TpaKoM wHpHlIe 1-2 m H OociHHM CTpaHHL\aMa BHCHlIC ,[(0
1 m.
YTOBAPHII
11J1ATO
, .'
ITPOL\EC ITPEPA.):(E
C.flUl(({ 2.3. IJpemoeap 1.1 Ma?WjUOIlUpa/bi! 1l0UIIIlCllIC/WX 1l0lUlUbKlI
2.2 TeXHOJlOrHja aYTOMaTH30BaHe npepa;:l,e
nOllTaHCKHX nOllHJhKH
KaKO LlHJb 01301' yuoeHlIKa I-IHje )JeTaJbHO pa3MaTpalbe Tcxl-lonofHja npepa,[(e
TIOWTaHCKHX 110 III HJbKH, Bell caMO nperneLl pa,[(H caffle)l.aBatba BpcTe H Yl.Jewna
noje)l.Hl-lHX Tpal-lCl10pTI-lHX cpc,[(cTa13a, y OBOM nOrnaBJbY ce ):\aje KpaTaK H3BO)l.
Texl-lOflonrja aYToMaTH30Bal-le npepa):\e TIOIllTal-lCKHX 110WHJbKH, a 4HTaOlJ,H ce
ynyl1yjy Ha LleTaJbI-lHja pa3MaTpafua )JaTa y (12).
Te.u{(L·{o?uje npepu()e f10Uli1lW{CKlIX /10Ult/J{,KU 15
Ca CTal-IOBHWTa CHcTc~1aTH3aql'0e rrOlllT21HCKIIX nOWHJbKH. TpatlCnOpTllJ<lX
je)JmlHLla J.j CPC)JCT([Ba MCXa!flnmurje J.j aYToil-laTl13al~Hjc pa3JIYIKvjy cc Tp11 OClIOB1Ia
oomlKa npepa,lc:
npepa):\a nnC:lWHOCHIIX nOIUHJhKH
npepaI\a nOlllTClHCKllX Bpel\a
npepana nOUlTaHCKHX nGlKCTCl
2.2.1 TexHoJlo:rHja aYTOIVulTH30Batle npepa}lc CT~HIJla HX
IIUCMOHOCl-HiX IIOIlIHJbKH
llpouec ayrOMGln130BGll-le H nOJlyaYTOMClTl'130BaIle npepane CT2U1J(ap,QIIHX
rIHC:VIO!-lOCHHX LC nOUlHJbKI1, 06YXBaTa neT ellena:
CenCKLlYIjy nOUlIUbKH.
cpeijHBalbe nOUlI1JbKH,
)KHrOCal1>e nOWHJbKH,
KonHparbe nOUlI1JbKI1 H
pa3BpCTa13<llbC (CopTvlpalbC) nOWHfbKH.
OBe cpa3e npOL(CCa npepa.D,e ca IlleMaT. pacnope,[(OM orrpCMC, ,[(,ne cy Ha CT!. 2.4.
flPH aYl7lO,MomcKoj CeJlel(llliju 110U!UJb/W (1) H3J-\Bajajy ce ):\HMCH3HOHO
HecTaH.=wpJllle nOllHlfbKC, KOjC cc ynyliy jy HIm IIa MaI-lyefll-lY 06pa,[(y lIJltl !fa 1'3B.
jlu/sol'fer 3a pa3BpCTaBalbc AO nOWHJhKH (1.1).
I I I I I
1.1.4---1
I I I I j I I I I j i I
3.1.~11 32..-.J1 . . I
3.3. ----
4 6
-t ; ~ f
5.1. ~5.3. ~ ~~ ___________________ 5~.=2.~5~.4~.1
7
C.TIu/W 2.4. IlJeJIWmCKU npUIW'3 meXIIOfIOUlKO? l7I0KO U pacl1opec)a o17pe.'Yle y cucmeJHY 3a C(vmOivtamu306a1IV npepur)y LC 170ULU/bKl!
16 TpallCI10p11l11a 1I I1peI710(WpUGi cperJC17lliO u ype!;Clju
AYl1llHlCi1llCKO cpelju6wbe I1()UllU(,KU (3) OOYXBilTil ClYTOMi!TCKO CJlaral-bC nOlllllJbK¥1
MapKa Hi! 'VlaPKY, npOBCpy HCl1paBIWCTH Il0WTapIJlle II npol3cpy 06CJIC)KaBaIba
nOLlJUJbKH. Ha 0[10M ypel)ajy ce 113JJBajajy IIOllHiJbKe 6c·, a:wccc (3.1) Icnl
norpcwHo 03Hil'1ClIe flOWHJhKC (3 nOLUHJbKC Cil ilCIlJlal1ellOM lIolflTap'1HOM (3.3)
liTZ\.
J,-Icl1paBIIC nOUHUbKC ce ayrOivIaTCKH CJla>KY MapKa HGl :vtapKY eLl I
:lOllY! >rmrocart,il H i!,Qpccc y 3mlf1 LIHTaJbil lIaKOfl LJcea cc BpUHl lLHXOBO ';iCl{,'()CUil,e
I70llUUlmaeWbe l-JaHOWCI·bCM >Kl·!ra, Mccra II ;:J,aTYiYHl.
HaKOH )Kl1rOCCHba Bpum ce aYTOMaTCKO ,lJm 110JIY:lYTOMClTCKO KO()upalbe nOUHlJbKIL
npH 110nyaYTOMaTCKOM KO,L(HparbY Ba TacnrrypI1 :,i::U1111lle 3a KO,UYlpaIbe onepaTepl1
YKyuaBajy IlOLUTaHCKH KO,U cal'JlaCaH agpenr nOl1lWhKe. Ha a):(penlOj CTpaHH
nOlLHUbKe ocrajy JIYMHHecueHTHH (C BeTJI eli.l1) 3HaI"Y1 y Gap KO)la, Koje
cnegena M(]LUI1Ha MO>Ke aYTO,'dClTCKH ;':(a npOLfHTa. Y HOBY1je BpCMe ce frajLJeLlll'\e
rwpl1CTe Bugeo LJ,rr:lLlH a,Qpeca (Yideo coding system YCS), !lol\wny IblfX ce !la
cKpaHY BI1J1,H YBenaHa a):(peca HCl1BCaHa Ha rrOUlHJbKH TaKO !J(l ce Mory 'faK H
HeLlHTKH L1enOBU a,Qpece ")J,eIllHCllpOB(lTH" LJ,lMe ce cMafbyje 6poj "Bpaneuux"
nOUlI1JbKH. AYToMaTcKo 'lI1Tafbe a):\peca ce BpUlH nOMohy OllTyfLfKOr LlHT:l'Ja
(Optical Character Reader - OCR) KOjH LJn-fa ca 3aHc:vWpJbHBHM rrpOL(eHTo!'vf
rpeUlKe K(lKO illTaMll:llla cnOBa 11 6pojeBe 1'aKO 11 PYLlHO HamJC(lHe atlPece.
KO)J,HpaHe nOLllJ1JbKe ce jiw(ipcmarwjy-cojlmupajy no npaBl\HMa mm O!Jpe)J,HUlIIHM
IlOLUTClM(l. Ha M:lLUHHH 3a npeTXO;'(HO pa3BpCTaBC1I-be (5) ce BpillH H'lilBajaI·bC
rImUYlJbKH 6e3 nOIllTaHCKor KO!J,a (5.1), XIITHI1X (5.2) 1'1 aBHOllCKI1X (5,3) rrOlUHJbKIL
rIoillHJbKe Koje O,LlJ1,ne Ha Ilpl1MapHO pa3BpcTaBalbc (7) npcTxo,QHO IlpOJl33e Ilope;l
ypel)aja OCR 3a aYTo:V1aTCKO '1I1TLlfbe (.JeKOJl,HpaILc) KO;:J,HpmlHx no Ul HJb lUI (6). Pa3BpcTaJle H YCMepeHe IlOUlHJbKC ce cKyruhajy Y npcrpaL\Ke MalLlHHC 3(l
pa3BpcTLlBarbe. Pa'lBpcTaHe fUICMOHOCIIC nOWIUbKe 113 CBaKOr nperpa~lKCl Ce fl3Kyjy
VI nOBc3yjy Y CBe>Kft,CBe (YCBe>KlbLlBatbe), nOivlOhy iviallll1Ha 3a nOBe3HBaJ·bC, Ha
iviO,Qepl-JIIM MaLUHHaMa n013C3HBalbC CBe/KlbeBa CC OCTB:lpyje aYTOM:lTCKYI
fU1aCTHLlHI1M TpaKaMa, vL~11 ce CBe>KlbeBH mll(yjy (3aBHjajy) y cllOJ1l1je,
KO,[(Ylpmm CBC>KfbeBvl ce ynynyjy }JaJbC Ha pa3BpCi'ilBaIbC Kpymmx nO[]JHfbKH, Ha
J1HHYljy 3a pa3BpCTClBafbe naKeTa, OAHOCHO MaIUlX naKeTCl.
YJla3He, Beh )KHrCJC3He, LC IlOUlI1JbKe H CBe/IGbCBH O,Q BeJlHKI1X KOpHCHHKa
(no3HL(Hja 9, CIL 2A) ce YCMepaB~jy H TPClHcllOpTyjy ,QHpeKTHo Ita ypel)aj 3a
KO,Ql1pal·be.
TII1CMOHOCHe LC nOUlHJbKe, Koje cy Bel1 paHHje KOJl,l1paHe (n03HL(Hja 8, CIl. 2A), y
L(eHTpHMa, ce YKJby1.Jyjy ,[(HpeKTHO y npouec aYTOMaTCKor
Ha cn, 2,5, 2,6, 2,7, 2,8 11 2.9 jc y rrJlacTHLfHHjoj CpOPMH rrpl1l<33al-J
perHOHaJlHY!M
pa3BpCTaB3}ba,
113UleA CHCTeMa 3a aYToMaTcKY rrpepany nl1CMOHOCHI1X IlOWI1JbKI1 ca neTaJbHMa
OCHOBHI1X Mailll1!-Ia H ypeT)~ja Lll1jaje OCHOBl-Ja weMa J(aTa!ia CII, 2A,
TeXIIO.70211je npepuc)e 110UIl1!({IIC/(lfX nOLiiUJbl,U
;:: ,1l
-::: c c.: .~ u <: c-
o:; ~ ::::[ 0 Cd Ul Q.
"-' Q) Q. 0:;
t:: ~
~
1 7
::: v 0
~
~ ~
~ c:
~ ~ :>,
2. ;:;
0
~ ?
r:) C) :< 0 :<
~ S> '" c:i ,J.)
'" ;3
S" S ;:; s:: ~"
~
~
"::
~ ~ C'C
~
~
r:) OJ '0 co ~ ()
c L., "" '" ~ s..
~ ,;; h:.,
\r) 0,; \:;
S c5
18 TPOIICI10j!17I/l{/ II IljJCIJIOIWPII(J CpUJClIlG{l l! JjIC/JOjll
)[(I;rocalbC
C;nnw ].6. [JP01tCC CC!ICT(Ztuje U JICU,;()CWhLl 1l1lC.lIOIIOClIliX 110UlZL-iJKli
rIPCTXOgHO
pa3BpcTaB~llbe
~~~~~!~~j1~~~~li~
OCR lIJlH BHgCO
('.,nll,'u 2.1. llpozjCc KO()UpClIbCl u npelllxoullOc' pcuGpcnwu(ff/;o llllCVlO/lOCl!lL"\
II OU!UJ6J.:U
Cflum,a 2.8. [Jpmtec npu.l1apllO? pa'Jepcmoewba
TCXIlO.70?ujC npepoiJc 1l0Ull1lClllC1WX 170UlUohl,U
TIplltvlapHO pa3BpCTaBaI'bC
AO 110 lU llJbK II
C'fUl(a 2.9. Cucmcxl :la npcpac)y A 0 1I0WlIfbT(li
2.2.2 TeXHOJIOrl-Ija ayToMaTInOB~Hle npepalJ,e nOlliTaHCKHX
spena
19
KaKO jc Bcll HQnOMcHYTO 1l0WTaJlCKe Bpel1e cc jaBJbajy KQO HajrvracoBlmje
Tpal-lCnOpTHc jeJIHHHll,e Y POOllOM nOWTaHCKOM caoopal'lajy. TIPllMCllOM llpel1Q ce
BPWH YKpymbClBQibe: nojeW-lIlaCll!!-lX !'1)1I-I YCBC}KlbCHHX rIHC:VlOHOCIlllX nOiUlIJhKH,
CBe}KtbcBa WT<liIH!ClHHX llOLUllJhKll (nepI-IOgHYI'la H3;:(aIbCl, !u!eBHa LllT;!iYlfla, ... ),
flaJ(eTHlia, naKCTa, npellopYLfei'IHx nOlilHJbKll l1 npa3l-JHX Bpeha. CXOgHO OBOM
ca;:(p>Kajy y oeBO";1 ec lIliC'rlOHOCHC VI naKCTCKC Bpehe.
Ha cn. 2.10 wcrvraTcKH je !Jpl--IlG13aHO KpeT,lH,c nOLllTClHcKl.lxBpeha Ilpl-llbHXOBOJ
aYToMClHnoBClHoj npepawl. Bpene y Cl-ICTCM npepa;;e ;:(ocneBajy ca HCToBapHe
paMlle (1) npeKo oTBopa 11 rpamITaWIOHHX !(Jill3l1YIua (2). AKO ce pa;:(n ()
Tpa!-l3HTIH1M llOLUl-UbKa:vta Ofle ce npeKo 10!H31lHUC (3) npeToBapajy Ha TpmlcnopTep
(6). Bpel1c npe,QBl-lQelle 3a ;:(aJby npepnJ-\y ce npeKo KJU13ilHue (4) YCMepaBajy Ha
TpaKacHI TpaHcnopTcp (5).
20 7jHITICI7IJj)IJ111O if Ilpell1()(iCljillO cper)Cl7!(!([ 1I ype!;aju
fiOLIlTLlIICKe
gpche Y
--:fpC'
Cnll,a 2.10. JfUju2JHnf 1Jl00W I7pepa()e (ipeha
TeXIIO//Oc'uje npepa(Je !10UtrlIWICI,liX J)OUllL'bJ{U 21
Tpal(aCTll TjXll'lcnOrnep (5) ilpellOcIl Bpene JW i10npe4Hor 13cL'hKaCTor TpallCfJOpTcpa
(8) ca P<l;UfHlvl :VleCTOIvl - CTaHHUO~1 3(\ IGFlelbe speoCl (C I). Y CKJlOny CTaIiHue 3Cl
K,FlelhC 13pella je H nynr 3a KOJ(llpalbC (10). Ha caMHM X13ClTao'bKLlMa je f1ajYellJ11C
yrpal)eH jeD,1I0CTClSaH ypel)aj ,a KOJ(HpalbC.
Ha nmllL\IIjcu"la OTBapalba (Co). Bpehe OKpCHYTe Ha;Jone ce oTBapajy (pa3BC:lyjy) H
Ca;lp)KHHa Bpel'ia naL\a y ,leSLIK TpaKacTor TpaHCflopTepa ca ypctpje:vl 3a YCVlcaB,Hbe
npaUllllle lIn II .W·jpeKTHO Ha paWllj CTO.
LC llOlJ1HJhKe npCKO TpaKaCTor TpaHcnopTepa (I I) Il IOlH3f!Hue (16) ;locncBajy lIa
paL\lICl :VleCTa 3a npepClL\} LC 110UHfJbKH (17). OnaKJle cc JHHbe y nyhyjy Ha 3<1
npcpCl,Uy rlHC,VIOliCCHI·jX 1I0LUm-LKI1 LllljH .ic rIpOLlee npcpanc onHcaH y npCTXOJ(lloj
'['aLIKE (2.2.1). AO nOLUHJbKC ce npeKO KJ1l13HHue (13). TpaHcnopTepa (12) H
KJIWlllllLl,e (18) ynyirVlj fla .\ICCTO pa3J3pCTaBalba (19) OJl,aK-':e c(; npeKo IGTYI3flHua
(20) y6aqyjy y npa:3He Bpelle Koje ce HaJla3e BCl pa,vloBHMa 3a BpenC (21).
HaKoH npmKlbC}ba Bpel1e ce aYToMClTCKH OTKa'le ea BHceher TPaHcrrOlJ'TePa (9) H
ynynyjy npeKO KJlH3!1Hua (22) Ha MallllIHY 3a OTnpaLUflBafbe I3pd\a (Mo).
fiOlllTClrlCKe nOWIL'bKC HaKOH pa3BpcraBaJba ce y6aJ(yjy y OT130pelle 13pel1e KOJe ce
HaJJa3C y paMoBHMa (23) ca L\e(jllllIHCaIIHM OL\peJJ,HwTIIM<l-a,UpeCaM<1. fTocJle
nY"belba H Be3HBatba Bpel1a Ha paMOJ3HMa (21) VI (23). CTal-llrapL\He LC f1fiCMOHOClle
nOIlIHJl,Ke ce TpClKacTHM TpaHcnopTepIIMa (24) Ii (25). Cl HecTaHD,apJl,He AO nOUlI1JbKC nYTeM KJlH3Hm,e (33) y J3pehaMa npeoaqyjy f(O Mel)ycKJlaL\I1WTa (27). Y3
npoCTop 3a Mel)ycfcJaL\HwTerbe npepaljeHHx nOWHJbKli (27) H TpaH3HTHllX
1l0WHJbKH (27Tp). KOJe cy J(O OBor Mcl)ycKJlaL\HLllTa Jlocnenc TpaKacTliM
TpalicnopTepHMCl (6) H (7). nOCTaBJbCllH cy BaJbKaCTll TpaHcnopTepH (28). (29) fl
___ ~(..::.3-,,0-i...t.Kao paWll1 CTOJlOB;1 "Sa 3<lKJbYLJaBaJl>C rpaH3HTHilX II npepal)elHlx 1l0WTaHCKI'IX
Bpcl\a. OBClKO npffllpeMjbelle npel'le cc Bewajy HCl BlicehH TpGHICIIOpTep (31) "Ojll
!·lcToBpe,vleHo crry;.j([j H Kao CI(JllU(illJlllll TpaHcnopTep !l Kao ypei)aj 3a pa3[jpcTaJ3~\Ibe
iI ynynilBal-be Bpcha no npaBlU"IMa OTrlpe)!lC nyTC\! cpCgCr,WCl CnOJbHCr TpcUICIIOPT,L
13pc!le cc aYToMaTcKH oTKaLlvll{,y li3Ha}:1 XCnHKOIIJl,ClJiHHX Hnl"1 KOCHX l(;lH31Hlqa Ll11jH
H3JIa3 o/lroBapCl npaBl(Y ynyl'lllBatba Bpeha. Y 3aBHCHocTH OIl opram!3aJUlje
y-rOBapa OBe KII1l3HHue Haj4cLlll1c cnpKe YI 3a npHBpeMeHO iVlaraUHOHHpalbC Bpeha
j~O Tpel-IYTKa IMIXOBor npe6aL(llBarba y TpaHcnopTHa CpeJl,CTBa CnOJbIler
TpaHcnopTCl. HopeD, Tora Ha OBOM MCCTY ce M{))](C H313pUlHTI1 H YKpYllJ-baBatbe
yoaUI1BalbeM Bpcfla y nOLllTaJ-ICKe KOffrejl·lepe.
Y MeCTO BHcel'ler TpaHcnopTcpa (31) 3a pa3Bj}CTaBarbc nOLllTaHCKHX J3peJ'lCl .vlOry ce
KOPHCTl'ITH H Jl,pyrl1 ypcl),0H Kao UITO cy Illlp. nnOLJaCTll TpaHcnopTepH - covrepll. 0
LleMY l1e y [lOCeOHOM !10rnaBjbY OHHj 13HWC peLJI1.
Y HOBBjc BpeMe onepaL1I1jc BellJarba H npmlGbelba J3pena cc aYTo~JaTl13yjy
npmvleHoM po6oTa H MClHHl1ymlTOpa.
22 TpWIC})()j!l7II1U II IIPClJU)(WP;;O cpC()cmlw u ypcljoju
2.2.3 TexHoJIOL!1ja aYTOMl1TI130B:lHe
c:l)]'p:lKaja naKeTCKHX
OSJ~e lie ce YKpaTKo npHlZa3iLTH npOOJleMilTHKil npcpax(C li<lKCTil 11 mllZeTCIG1X Bpdla
rmja ce O~(HOCH npe csera Ha pa3spcTClSaJbC (COPT!IPaIbC) 1l<lKCT8, Canp}Kaja
rraKCTCKl1X spena, :\laJli!X fJaKeTa (naKenl11a) H3 rpyne IIHCMOHOCIIHX nOUlYlJbKfI HilH
YCSC)KI-beWlx nHCMOHOCHHX nOllf"IJhKH Koje cy HaKOH npHcMlpHor PCl3spCTaBarl>a i-!
rWSC3YlSaiba y CSe)KlbeBe ynyl1eHe Ha ;X;:Ul,y npepa):(y.
YKomlKO cy naKenr lUIKosalHl y Bpel1e OHna ce 3a npmKI"el-be naKeTCKW( Bpclla
KOpvlCTH HCTH nocTynaK Kao H KOLl fHICMOl-lOCI-lHX spella. j iaKOl-l HC'rpeCaI-ba naKeT'.
H3 naKeTCKI1X Bpena Ha BHcei1eM KOHBejepy, I1pepana 3a CBe f13Be,Wfle rpyne fIaKeTa
H YCBe)Kl-beWIX llHCMOHOCHHX 1l0lllHJblGi je HCTa.
Kao 3HaLfajaH cen"leHT flpepaLle nOUlTaHCKHX flOUlIHbKH, pa3BpCTaSal-be rIaKeTa je
YCol0BIUIO pa3Boj B.lUle pa:lJnFH1THX CI1CTeMa on KOjHX cy IfajLfeUll1e y flpHfv1erm:
copTepH ca TpaKacTHM TPaIICllOpTepHfv1a, CII. 2.11, copTepH ca flJIOcIaCTHi'vI
TPaJ-lCflOpTepHMCl, cn. 2.12 VI copTepn ca BaJhKaCTIfM TpaJ-IcnopTepHMa, CJl. 2.13.
C.eIUKa 2.11. TpmwcJ7Ju ypehaj U 3C1 PCl36PCI1W6Wbe nClKel7W
TeXII<J.'I0211je npepac)c 110UlI7laJICJ.:UX 170U!WhKU 23
C'JllIJ.:U 2.12. [JJlOlIC/CIIlU ypeljaju 3a pa36pCI17U6Wbe I1OKcmo
c.'luJ.:a 2.13. BaJb/wcl1IU ypeljaju 3a pa36pcmu(Jal-be llClJ.:enw
1-1 TPWIC710jmlllU 1I npemOiJClp!w cpeelerlllm u ypef}uju
321 pa3BpcTaBaH,c Il<1KCTa HajLiemnc ce KOPHCTC IIJIO'IaCTH copTeplI ca lloceliHlvl
eneMellTHMa y 06mlKY WlOLia, H ca HocellHlvl e:leMeHTHMCl y 06mlKY KpaTKIIX
TpaKaCTHX Tp21HcnopTep21 ;~OK cc 3a pa313pCTa13a!bC OlIC,\IOHOCill1X nOllJl-!lbKH H
:Y1~lJIHX naKCTCl IldjLiclJJlle KopHcre cOjJTepH ca IlOceliHM ejjeMellTYI~la Y
raneoOl3VlX KjJHJla, "KHn" COpTCpH HUI. 0 OBHM yp(1)ajwvJa neTaJbHllja pa3l'vJaTp~llba
cy JJ,aTa y nOr;1aBJbY 7.3.
be3 063Hpa 0 KojeM cc CHCTCMY pamI, IlpOUCC KOLI CBaKor OJ], IbllX nO'lHlbC YJlaCKOM
IlaKeTa lInH CBe)I<H,eBa ca yna31le jC)J,HIIHUC (cramme) lIa TeXHOJIOWKO
TpaHcnopTHl1 CHCTCM 3a Hcnocpe;:ulO pa:ll3pCTaBalbC. flpUllec, O;,\HOCHO liOCTY lIClK
pa3BpCTaBaJ-ba C::lCTOjH ce e13 HVI3a Onepai\llja. <)lhCrnllilja jecTe KOSI"'!J,,;;jC
nOlllHobKH, naKCTfl II CBC)KlbeBa, lIlTO je OCHOBa 3a HHc[lOpMa1mOJIO-YllpaI3Jl,a'iKII
CIICTeM pa3BpCTaB::llba. KO()uparbY npeTXOJ],H, aKO TO Hllje paflHjc ypal5cllo IlPI~
HCToBapy 113 cpe,QCTaBa CnOJhHer TpaHcnopTa, nOCra13Tbal·he ¥lIlY! OKPCT::ll-bC
I101llHJbKe (naKeT(l, CBe)KI-be13<l, naKeTHna) y 1l01l()}Kaj ca BHJ],!IOM ai1.peCOivl, Tj. ca
aJlpeCHOM CTpallOM OKpeHYTOM Ha rope. llaKeTH ce peJ],orv[ nOCTaBJbajy llPC!~
CHCTeM 3a P33BpcTaBafbe, a onepaTop WlH OCR ypel)aj HM KOJ],HpafbeM HaHOCl:J
(6ap) KO,C(, KOjH OJll'OBapa )J(ejbCHOtvl WUbY 03HaLlellOM !Ia aJwccH.
3aBHcHo OJ], H,FIHHLl 06aBJbafba onepalwje KOJ(HPaI-bil (Kao H OCTaJlEX onepaWlja)
pa3BpCTa13albe M()}Ke 6HTH:
r!onyaYTOi\1aTCKO VlJlH
aYToMaTcKo
l\O!J IlOJlyayroMaTcKor pa:mpcraBalha fl<lKeT ,C(ocneBCl Ha cpcncTBo H paL\IIO MeCTO
'la KOJ],l!pafbe, f'):(e oneparep npoLHiTa aL\j)Ccy - nOlUTaHCKH opoj (KOJ],) flpHMaOija il
nOTOM ra npcKo TacTaType CHcTcM'a ymllue (KO)J,vlpa, oTKyua). PaJ,Ho :VleCTO KO;(Cpa
je orrpe;VLbeBo ypc1jajHMa 1a KO)JHpafbc. TaCTaTypa 3a KO)lHpalbC IlLU1a3!! ce Ha
paW-IOM crony (oym'y) Em! ynpaBJb214Koj KOH30JlvL
OnepaL(HjoM KO)lllpaI'ba ymlcyje ce y MeMopH1Y pa1lylJapa HHCi)opMaLHlja 0
KOHa'lHOM UHJbY ynyllHBalba m1KeTa.
Y lloTnYHo aYToMaTH30BaHoM cllcTeiv1Y 3a pa3BpCTaBaIbC aJ],pecy oJ],pcJ(!HJlTa H
nOTpe6HY }l]-lC[)OPMaLIHjy 0 oJ],peJ],HwTY, HenocpeJJ,Ho - aYToMaTcKH 'lI1Ta OI1TH'lKII
OCR '-[rITa'-[ H YHOCH je Y MeMopVljy paqYHapcKor HHc[)OlVlaUHOHof - ynpaBJba'-IKOr
CHCTeMa.
CaBpeMeHa pewelha KOJ],Hpal'ba, KojHMa ce onaKwaBa H oMofyl1aBa nOTnYHa
aYToMaTH3aUHja TeXHODOWKor npoueca o6pa)J,e naKCTa H Bpena, nOJ],pa3YMeBajy
aYToMaTcKo HaHOlllel-be 6ap KO)la Ba naKeT HnH nellJbel·be HaJlenHIH\e ca oap KOJJ,OM
!la caMOM yna3y naKCT3 y npoucc npepa.lJ.e. rIocne KO)lHpaJba naKeT (nOWylJbKa)
HaCTaBJba KpeTafbe Ha MafHcTpaJIHO cpenCTBo Max3HH3au,Hje 3a HenocpeJ,Ho
TeXl/(U02uje npepw)e 1l0UIll!(IJ!CI,l/X 110111U.'bJ.:U 15
pa313pCTZIBafbe, CIL 2.14, Koje MO;'Ke Olin! oTBopelIor II 3~rmopellol' TI11la ca
pa3fllPIIITHM peUIClbllMa YTOB<1pa H HCTOB<1pa llaKeT,L
oj 0)
Cnl7W 1.1 I TpmlC7lOmp7le .'lwlUje; a) omeopello2 muna, 6) :sam(wjJeJI02 rnunLl
rIpe1jcIlH rIyT naKeTa lla TpaHcllopTepy (pa3JIHLiHTIIX THlWBa H3Boljclba) 3a
pa'l13pCTaBalbe "npanl" ce paLiYllapoM KOjH no J],oJ!acKY naKCTa J,O 3amlTOr UVlJba,
lla OCHOBY MeMopvlCaHHx nOf~aTaKa npH KO!~Y!palby, aKTHBHpa cKpeTIIHUY
0)lfoBapajy11er rrpaBua (o;\pe,1HIUTa). AKO ce KOPHCTH nOIlJTallCKH BnH 6ap KOJ}. rra
caMOM [10 LieTKY Ollna cc aKTlIBHpmhe cKpeTIiHUc Bpunl HCLfHTaBalbC,,1
(cKeHHpal'bCM) J'oplbe nOBplllllHe fIaKeTa O)lHOCIIO j\CKO!\Hpalbe:vl CJIW1HO Kao KO;1 nOWTaHCKHX nOWIL~bKyL en. 2.15.
Y3 carvm TpaHcnopTep, 06HL[HO ca o6e cTpaHe TpaHcllopTHe cT33e, y 30HH
pa313pCTaBafba, nOCTaBfba ce Hm TpaHcnopTHHx ype1jaja (Haj4clUne KHl13HHue !1
BaJbKaCTI1 TpmlcnopTepH) 3a OJJ,1301jcfbe !1 MaraUHOHl1palbe npepa1jeHHx naKeTa.
Epoj OBHX ype1jaja o,QI'OBapa H3na3HHM npaBL(HM3 OJ],pelJ,Hmra )JaTOI' nOlllTaI·ICKOf
ueHTpa. Ha KpajeBHMa OSHX TpaHcnopTHHX ype1jaja 3a O.lJ.BOJ} naKeTa nOCTaBJbajy
ce YTOBapHH neBKOBH ca spcliaMa, HJIH KOHTejHepH y KOjC ce cKynJbajy pa3BpCTaHl1
l1aKeTI-L Y cnY'-!ajeBHMa KaJ],a ce Bpene BIIH KOHTcjHepH HanYHC, J],aje CC CHfHan ca
26 Tj)WICI10PI711W 1I ll{JemO(WpIIO cpeDcl1Ieu u ypef;aju
,BYYWIM yUH! C13eTJIOCIUlM CHnlaJHlMa. HCTOBPCMCHO ce 3y-rOMaTCI(H flKTI1BHpa
CKPCTIIHl\a, Tal(O,Qa flaKeTli ca OBOM OnpC;llHll\OM j·taCTClBJbajy !--la Kpy)j(C Wl
ManlCTpcUllIO:V1 TpallCnOI1"repy CBC ~LO TpCHYTKa npHfJpCNIC onpeJ\vllllTa 3a nplljeM
HOBIIX n3KCT'1.
CaillO pa3BpCT21Balbe, KaO (\121321 TeXHOJIOIllKOI' npOL\CCa, :v1()}KC OllHl CllpOBe;jCIIO IIa
J,Ba Haclm-Ia (Cfl. 2.16) II TO KaO:
npi1MapHO Pil3BpCTal3aI'h<: I-I
nplEvlapllO H ceKYH.QapJ-lO pa3BpCTClBalbC.
rIpllMapJ-lO pa3BpCTClBHlhC nO;1pa3YMCB8 L\a jc pa3BpCTa13albC H3BC).(eHO caMO y
.iC~\HO.i cpa3H - npOJla3Y flaKeTa. OBo.ie yseK cnyl.Jaj KO:, JIH!lIIja OTBopCHor nma.
T(lza CSGlKOj CKPCTllHlW, O.QHOCHO C13aKOM H3Jla3Y OL\['\Jllapa caMO je,IJ(UI np,lBGlq
J,aJber KpeTalha naKeTa, CfI. 2.16a.
a)
6)
CflL1Ka 2.16. TeXliOJiOUlKU 17l0KOeU npmJeca KOlfnlWlYWlJlUX CLlcme}'da npepmje u)
npmjec ca npu.'VlapHuJV{ pUJGpCmUGWbe.i\i: 6) npmjec cu npl/;1wPIiUM u ceKYJI()apmU'vl
p03epcmaewbe.,V!
TeX]I():I02uje I7pepaiJe 1I0UII71WICKliX 170111UfbKU 27
Hcpa3BpCTClHH fl<lKCTli (OUlTChCllll, OlilTCliCHCl HfHI llCTaYHa afWCCa), KOjJ, JIHHHja
3aTBOpCllOrnm~L HM21jy v13BCCIIO BpeMC I(PY;'l(Ill! TOK (HCKOmlKO 3aTBOpCHHX
nYTaJ·ba). 3aJ,Y)KCHH paI\l-lIH: HCpa:lIlpCTClIlC ilaKeTC ynYllyjc Ha PYYHY npepaHY·
McljYTI1M, Y CaBpC,vl~HHM flPOI13S0gHllM npOUCCHMa, jOLll npH KOgvlpalbY CC
CnHMHI'lllUIY naKCTf-i ca ollnel1efb!'IMa, TaKO Ha cc np21KTI!cIIIO CflYl naKeTH
pa313pCTaB21jy.
AKO jc pa':lIlpCTa13atbc CrIpOllC~[CHO Kp03 nplL',;JaPIIO II CCKYHn21pl'ro, CCKY I-IW1PHO
pa3BpCTaB3I-bC CC l<lBOnl-l MaHycnHO. Tar(a cc y3 rJJaBHH TOK npOl(Cca. KOjH
onrOsapa llPHM3pHO~1 pc13BpCraSalbY, (jJOpMHpa M<1I-bll KPY)KHH TOK 0;\
HCpa3SpCTaI-IHX ll<lKCTa (CJl. 2.160). Pa~H!-lK Y:lYIMa liallna3ef1H 11 <lKCT. IHlT<l I-b<:J'OBY
aHpecy !-l CTClSJbCl ra y KOJlHI~a. KOI-lTcj I-Iep, Epeny UJlVl npCl'paJlilK, KOjH H'VIajy
03I-I,U<y OnpenHLllTa naKCT'l.
2.3 TeXHOJIOrHja CI(JlaLOHliTerba H YToBapa
npcpaijcHHx IlOillTaHCKHX nOillHJbKU
KaKO cy TCXHOJlOLllKO-TpaHCnOpTf-IH TOKOBH I10LUTGlllCKHX nOWHJbKH npH yTosapy
npcpafjcllc flOWTe Y TpaHCllopnlO S03WIO vI,UCfITHYIIH ca (1),noM VlCTOBap3, 3
onpCMa BCTH, CBC OllO UlTO jc HaSej\CllO 3a cp,ny HCTOBapa yrnaBHoM BmKl1 fl npI-I
YTeJBapy, ca",l0 ca 06pllynlM CMCPOM TOKH.
l-laKoH pa:wpCT3BaIba, J(Lll(O jc Ha13C!-\CHO, K30 nocnC,UH,e oncpauHje npepa,Uc
nOLllTaHCK!1X IfOLllIUbKH, IlHO,IOHOCHC llO[]JUJ1,KC CC nOBC:lyjy y CSC)IGbeBC HJll!
cnmKY y nocync (AO nOLLlHJbKe). Bpenc ,1 naKcnl CC liO 3ClBPI1lC!!OM pa3BpCTal3aJ-bY
TpaHcllopTyjy )\0 ciUla;ml1lTa 3a npcpal)elIc Bpchc H naKCTC rnc CC CKJlaWiUlTC llml
HellocpC.Ql-IO Ul,UbY 1-121 TpGlI1Cnol)Tr·ra CPCJ.(CTBil CllOjl,al.lJl-ber TpaHCllopTa. lloJIaTI-Ja
llpcpaiW ce OjJ,llOCH Ha YKpymbaBaIbe TpallC1l0pTHHX je):l)fHHL(a Kana ce BpUlH
nYI-bClbe nOWTaHCKHX KOHTcjHcpa spcnaMa, flHKenIMa HnH nocYHaMa. naKeTH ce
"'lOry YTosapaTH leao noje.QHH3Yl-Hi Tcpcnr H:lH llJTO jc pcl}e cnaranI HGl CTaflL\GlpnHe
Eypo llanCTe HJHI l1yfHlnl Kao H spcl1c y KOl-lTeHCpC H 60KC naJiCTe H !-Ia Taj HaLIHl-l
cpopMYlpaTH ccpHKaCllY TpaHcnopTHY jcn~il-lY1UY 3a HHTCrpamll1 TpaHcnopT.
Bpenc ca rrpCpal)CHO'Vl nOLLlTOM CC OnB03C nO Tpal-lCflOpTHHX CPCHCT313a
cnOJbaWl-bCr TpaHcnopTa Ha BvlurC Haqlilra: cnCKTpO-KOJ1lHjHMa, BvlJbY!lJKapHMa,
KOHTcjHepwvla Ha TOYKOBHMa, KOHBejepHMa H TpaK3CTHM Tp3HcnOpTepHM3.
KOHTcjHepH Ha TOL1KOBHMa ca naKCTHMa, BpcnaMa HnH CBC)!(fbCBHMa ce
TpaHcnopTyjy - ByKy CJ1CKTPO-KOJ1HUHMa (KapeTOM) HflH SYYl-mM KOl-lBejep01v1.
KOl-ITejHepn 6e3 TOl.JKOSa ce npCHoce BHJbYWKapHMH.
fTpcpal)cHH naKCTH H spcne YKOJ1HKO cy Y YKPYfllbCHHM TpaHCllopTHO
MaHHnynaTHBHHM jenHHHl\aMa - KOl-lTcjHepliMH YBJI3'le CC y Tpal-lCflOpTHO cpeir:CTBO
(KOHTcjHCP ca TOYKOBHMa), !-lIlH liX YHOCC BHJbyIllKapH (KOHTejllcpH oe3 TO'lKOBa).
28 7iJ(fIlCI70j!IlIllU lIl1[!emOIWpliu CPCOCIJ{(W II )pehuju ~~--------~--------~----~
AKO ce yTllBap Bpeha 06aBJba ]l!1PCKTIIO Cil IWlll3cjepa, own I'palI<1 KOHBcjcpa
nO!I<13Il Y lleIIOCpC!-lIlY 6ml'lvlHY TpUIICnOp'I'HOr cpe;'\CTI3<1 IUIIaI( j(JIIBHf1!\e Koja
cnpoBonrl Ilpetie y TOBapllH npocrop TpaHcnOpTIIOI' CpC;~CfBa r';(c ce Bpelk VI
KOlrrejllcpu c,lmKY pytlHO.
l-la C;1. 2,1 7a jc npIIl(,13GlII 1-IaLII!11 ClYfOIlJaTH30BctllOf' yromqxl jlO1L1TaIICKI1,\ Bpcl)a ca
lH1ceher TP<1HCIiOpTcpa Kopncrclill KOM61111allHjy B;UbKaCTOI' ,1 TCJIeCKOfiCKOI
Tpat!CnOVl'cpa, OL!11f'JIC1UIO je):(<1 CC []OTIIYIIO VICT!! C)jCTC",1 .\IO>KC nrHJ:VlefHITII II !:pll
flcToBapy nOWTaHCKflX nOIIIH'bKll.
(I)
6) Ii)
Crtzllc:a 2.1l Ymo(wp 110jCI)WIU'IIIUX 17(IJ,ema u epeha y fJij)(J}(CIlOPfIlIIC/ CpC()cmlxl
CI10JbfbC,' IJ'l!HIIIC/lOjJI170
rIojcW'IHaLllll1 naKt:TH Yl naKCTCKe 13pel1e YToBapajy ce Mexam,nOBaHO KOPl1wt1elbelVl
pa31-lHX 06JlHKa rpaBWral.\YlOHI1X ypeljc~ja I-mp, TeIlCCKonCKHX ,] 3aBojJ-lHX KJIYI3HHL(a,
CIl, 2,176 H 13, Kao Yl J\pyrHx CllCTeMa 3a MeXal-IYI30BalH! Yl aYfo;vwTI13013aHYl yroBap.
TeJICCKOnCKe KJIH31-lYIqe 11 Mo6wlHl-l TeJIeCf(OrICKH TpaKacTH Tpal-lCnOpTCpH ce
npHJIarotjaBajy no BHCYlI-lI1 H L1Y)KHHH TaKO J\(l HMajy MoryliHocT "YBJlaLlClba" y
TOBapI-IYl npocTop B03HJ1a.
lCtacurjJUIWljuju u IWl7LlZjlll1lent IIlpU7ICIIOpmepU
3.
1 KOJH Ce
BllCOKH '3aXTe13yI Ca13peMCHe npOVl'3BOj(lbC YCJlOB!lJIH cy pa'3lJoj Yl Ilpl-!MCH) Benl!l(Or
6POj;l P33JlWIHTYlX TllllOBGl Tpal·rcnopTepa TaKO ;::(a je lIpaKTWTHO l-leM01')'hc 'PHI
yWll3cp'3afll-lY 11 ;::(OBOJbHO }:\eTaJbl-lY IbHXOBY KnaCHCpHKaL(Hjy Koja 6H 06YXBClTaJ1El
CBe ,\Icflo]aBHC KapaKTCpnCTHKc ypei-jajJ., MmIHiffc H ypel)aic HenpeK[IJ(HOI'
TpaHcnopTa Morync .ic nO):(CJlYITYl, I·rnp, npcMa BpCTH TcpcTa KOjY! npef-Jocc, Ha
TpalICflopTCPC 3(1 KOl\WWIH H 3a pacyl'll TepeT, 38THM aKO CC Ka() KPOTCPHjYM
ma6epe 06JIHK Tpacc pa3JIYIKyjy CC TpaIlCnOpTCpll ca npaBOm'IlIYljcKOM TpaCOM Yl
TpaCOM y BCpTHIG1nlJOj (CIL 3,1 a) yUHI XOPWlOllTiUlllOj paBllH (crr, 3,16) l-l
TparlcrropTepc ea rrpOCTOpllllM 06m!Ko.rvl Tpacc (CIL 3,113), TaKolje je Morylle
TpaIlenopTepe flO;\CmITH npeMa Moryhl-loCTVI npeHoulcfba ca jC):(!-Ior Ha ):(pyro
MCCTO IW CT<1L\y!OIlapHe VI ,y!0611Jllle HT):(,
a)
x x
( 1
U Zv
C'IUKO 3,1. IlJe_1ta mpWICI10pimrux IIlpacCl
Ha OCHOBY npef'neJ(a TeXHOIlOrl1ja I1CTOBapa, YToBapa, TpaHcnopTa H npepa)::(e
f!OWTaHCKI1X rIOWHJbKYl, J(aTor y npcTxoJUIOM flOnIaBJbY, Ha CII, 3,2 je npHKa3aHa
KJlaCHClJHKaL1Hja TpaHcnopTcpa !-I a OCHOBY IbvIXOBI1X KOHCTpYKTHBHO
cjJYHKl.\HOHaJlHYlX KapaKTepHcTHKa KOjH tJe cc J(eTalbHHje pa3MaTpS.TH Y f-lapeJUIOM
TCKCTY,
30 . _____________ T-'-P_C_IIlC710jJI7IIIO U I1j)(!I7U)(WP"(1 cpeOcIJ/liu u ypehaju
TPAK .. i:.~!~:-IH TF'.uP.CI1I)PTEHI
nTIC.lT.U!·.I.::rH I TPJ.l!.J-I(TIOPTEPH • EHCETiI<i
I· I
nCi1HH TP i"RCfIOPTEPH
fIi::I):LH()-Bl-rCEIiH TPPJ-KTICIPTEHI
fP.u.BI,IT ,,!:..ill·il~I}-}[ TPAHCnCPTEPI·!
B,"')1:Li:..CTH TPF.HI~Tl()PTEF'H
E.nEKTFWIHE ~.HCET1E CTA::::E
t:.1.)T)EH.i:.. BC~:HJli'i I"iL.".l-Hi· m~l JI.i:.~TCIPE H POECTH
YPSb/:'<JH :~:t .. I1("IEE3HBi\I-bE. i~I1i·J.J.G.£,E ).1:
PA::i1BAJ ."J±·E
YF'ET)AJH 2A C(JPHIFJ."JbE
C'.nll,a 3.2. Kwcurjnllwl-juja mpallCl1ojJl1Iepa y i1()lllJ71C11ICl,OJH cao6paPwjy
D)-neT M3lliHH3 HenpeKH)].Hor Tp~HlcnopTa
KClI1at~j.ITl:T je OCHOlllla KapaKTcpHCTHKCl TpaHcnopTHHx ;VlaWHHa ,I npe[(CTcUlJha
KOnW1YlI-IY npcTpaHcflopToBaHor MaTepHjaJla y je,QHHmUl BpeMeHCl.
y :::aIlHCHOCTII o;~ 1'ora lOTa je 'VIepa KOJIwnlHe npeTpaHcnopTOBaIIor Marcplljana,
TC>KHHa (Maca) pacYnlx :>mrepHjaJla HJIlI opoj KOMa,Qa, pa3JlYIKyjl::V1O:
TC>KIlHCKI1 KanallHTeT Q [/ / h] KOMa):(HH KanaUHTeT QJ.:. [kO/JI / h]
TIope,Q Toray 3aBHCHOCTH O,Q KOHKpeTHHx YCJIOBa pa}:(a pa3c1HKyjeMo: TeXHWIKH
KanaUWfeT (Q), KOjH oJ\roBapa Ha3HBHOM PC)J(HMY paJla TpaHcnopTepa H
eKCrrJlOaTaUHOHVI KarJaUITreT (Qe) KOjH ce o):(peT)yje 3a CTBapHe YCfloBe pa,r.(a
YKJr,Y4yjyrm CBe ryoHTKc KOjH cc ,QemaBajy flPYl KopHlOl1erbY TpaHcllopTepa_
EKCllJlOaTaUHoHH KanaUHTeT, y O)lI'JOCY Ha TeXHH4KH, 06yxBaTa ry6HTKe Be3aHe 3a
KOl-lKpeTHY npl1MeHy H OpraHYl3aUJljy paJ~a TpaHcIlopTeTll 1-1 ry6HTKe ycne,Q, HepaBHoMepHor nytbel·r,a (YToBapa) TpaHcnopTepa. OBaj O):(l-lOC ce MOjJ{e H3pa3HTH
Y oonHKY:
(3.1 )
KwC'urjJ1.IJ,·Wfuju II rUI1U1ll1menl l7l]!allCI10pmepa 31
Q - CKCnnOaTaWIUl-IH IGmill.(vlTeT,
Q - TeXf-lljYKH (paYYIICKyl) KanaW1TCT,
k; - KoeclHlllHjeliaT iICKOpmuliclba BpeMClla,
k] - KoecjlHLwjCIWT HepaBIIOi\lepHOCTH nYlbClba
fIOTpc6aH TeXHH4KYl KLlliillHITCT, Kao OCI'IOIlHa KLlpaKTCpYlCTHIGl TpaHCIlOpTCpa CC M())KC OLlpe;lHTYl Ha OCIIOBY:
Pal( TpaHCrrOpTfIOr cpe,QCTBa Tpe6a opramBOBaTH TaKO l(a cy KOe(jJHUHjCHTH k; H
k. WTO OnH)KH je,QHHHUH.
TeXH1F!K!1 KanaI~HTeT TpaHCflopTepa (y ):(aJbeM TeKCTY K<lnaUHTCT), npH
paBHOMcpHO pacnO):(CJbelloj MaCH Tpal-lCnOpTf-IOr Ma:repHjana no tbel'OBOM ,Qy/KHOM
MeTpy (q ) KOjH ce Kpene 6P3HHOM (v) H3HOCll:
r.rre je:
Q=3600.~v=3.6-ll·V [tlh] lOOO
(33)
rk ; ] q l g / m - paBlioMepHo paCflo;~eorr,eJja Maca TepeTa no )],Y>KHOiVl :\leTpy
TpaHcnopTepa (m'I!-IHjcKa )vlaca),
v[m / s] -Op'3HI-ra TpallCI10pTOBatba. -----
Y cnY4ajy TpaHcnopTOBalba KO'YICl:l!iVlX TcpCTa paBIIOMepHO paCf10peljellHX H3
Tpal-lC110prepy (TpaKaCTH, nJlO4aCTH, eneBaTopH, BHceI1H, ... ), CSI. 3.3a. 6 H B,
paBHoMepHo pacrJopeljeHa Maca flO l(y>KHOM vleTpy TpallcnopTepa je:
lvJ [ ] q =- kg/m T
rue je:
;\// [kg] - Maca TepeTCl
T [m] - pa3MClK TepeTa
naje TC)KHHCKH KanaUH'reT:
lvJ o = 3 6 . - . v [/ / h] - ' T
(3.4)
(3.5)
32 TpallCJ70pmllU II npelllIJIWpJlO CpeOCI1I(i(/ 1I ypehaju
AKO CC npCTXO)lHH Inpa3 llOllCJill ca MaCO~l 'fCpC-fa w>pa.iI(CHU,\l y TOHaMa ~(06Hja ce
vI3pa3 3a KOM,UUW KanaWTreT Y OOJII1KY:
Uk = 3600 . f [kom / h]
T
C/)
(9 I . I I
Mni] I
fVl~ i I o
T T
8)
C'IW{U 3.3. IlpZHWpU I11PUJlCI10plJlOilWba T;(UlCIaltO? rnepema
(36)
Y c1yqajy TpaHcnOpTOBalba pacY'rIlx Tepcra (nowTaHC;(e fIownfbKe npe cpeljvl13alba
VI )Kl1rOCaJba). CIl. 3.3r, Te)KHHCKI1 KOMallHH KanaL(llTeT 611 ce Ollpe)lVlO Ha OCI-JOEY
npeTxo):(!lor H3pa3a KPO,) ,Qe(llHmlcalbe cpeillbe spcW-I02n! pasHoMepHo
pacnO,QeJbeHOr onTepenefba q. Cpe,Qlba Bpe,QllocT paBHoMepHo pacI10)JeJbeHe Mace
TepeTa no ,QY>KHOM MeTpy TpaHCl10pTepa ce ,Qool1ja ,QeJIelbeM Mace TepeTa ca
cpe,Qlbl1M pacTojarbeM H3MeDY IbHX:
/vf [ ] q = 'f kg / m - cpe):(!ba Maca TepeTa no )JYiKHOM MeTpy TpaJlcnopTepa
K'taCUr/J1IKLn{uja II l({fIlOl{l/Il/em IJ7PUIICIlOpmepa
f,Qe .Ie:
[kg]- cpeWha Bpe;:UIOCT (Mi.ne;vlilTWIKO O'leKI-1l3i1fbe) MaCe TCpeTi!,
f[l71] - cpe:Ubil BPCllllOCT
TepeTa (KopaK TcpCTa).
TaKO )~a je Hi! OCHOBY (3
i,;1 r ,] O=3,6·=..-v I~ ~. T ~, h
33
(3.7)
CJ]W!I!O Kao l! Y npeTXOW-IO('v! cnyqajy KOMa;(Hl-l Kanm(HTeT ce i.to6vlja aKO ce
Te)KllHCKll KanmUITCT flOJ.(esw 'YJaCOM npOCCqrlOf' TepeT3, IllTO KOHWlHO ),aje:
(3.8)
o I J'T 7j)([IICI70PI7lIIU II IlPCIlI()(!CIjiIW CjlCOClJIliO U ype/}oiu
EP
1 OCHoBHe Ke H Ofll1C ypeljaja TpaKaCTll TpallcnopTepl1 ce KopHCTe 3Gl TpaJ-lCIIOpT HanlllllOr 1,1 KO!VIaWIOr TepCTa
npCTC/KI-IO y XOpYl30HTaJIIIO,vl npaBL(Y Will IIO;~ ,\il<lJlflM Hilf'HOO!VI !J1O 25°) nOMol1y
TpaKc Kao BY'-lI-IOr Ii II0CCtlCI' C:ICMCflTCl_
500r CBDIl1X nOEOJbJ-lHX TCXIIOCKOI-IONIC 1([1:< KapaKTl'pI1CTHIGI
npCJ1CTClBJbajy HajpacnpoCrpalbOIHJC ypcl)ajc HCnpCKliL\llOr rpallCllOpTa y
CKCfUloaTauuj,L HalllJl}I Cy npYlMCHY Y CBHM 06naCTHMa J(PYllrmel-lCiX l1enaTllOCTlL
()c~;oE!lC npe)1HOCTl1 TPaJ~aCrHX TpaHCIIOpTeTa Cy:
BeJ1HKIl KarraUHTeTH, He,[lOCTmKHlI 3a ilpyre TpaJ-lCnOpTHe ypel)ajc,
pCnaTHB!-lO :VlaJll1 OTrrOpl1 KpCTaJba O,[lIlOCHO Mana nOTpOUlfba CJ-lCpnljc,
jCWloCTaBl-la l1 naKa KOIICTPYKUHja, 3aY3HMa MallO npOCTopa,
BHCOKa pCWra611JlJ-lOCT, MaJiYI CKcrrnOaTat(HOI-iI'l TPOtllKOBH H J1<1KO
O"Qp)KaBaIbC,
BCnl1Ka nOY3,L\aHOCT Y pa;lY ¥l 6cmy!V!aH paD,
noro"Ql-lllCT "QaJbHHCKOr II :VlOry11 HOCT mlTnYIIC
aYTllillanl3aUHJC,
Ha Cfl. 4_1 jc llaT npHKa3 H mCMa TpaKacTor TpaHcflOpTcpa ca OCHOBHkIM
e~"le'\leBTHMa.
2 5 4
10 7 2 9
1_ TpaKu_
2.CJlC;v!ClITH '3(1 OCJIal!,al'>~
(Liupcra 1I0npI1HHla klJlH I3~Jbl[H),
3_ yl'(}B~lPI!O MCCTil,
4_ ~·jCTOBUP!IO .vl~CTO,
S. nOI'OllCK~l ypef)aj,
6. 3"1'C31-111 vpcljaj_
7_ OTKJIOHCKI1 BaJl,UI1,
8. l-lOcdia K(lllCTpYKl\Hja,
9. tlHCTUY
[0_ lloccha KOllCTPYKU'lja
C'lUlW 4. J OCJI()(JIIU eIle_Hell17/U mpm.:oclIIo2 mpOllC170pmepa
MaTcpHjaJ1 cc npcKo YToBapHor ypcfjaja (3) YTOBapa Ba 6ccKpajllY TpaKy (I) Koja
npe"QcTaBJba f-IOCCI1H H BY'-lHH enCMCI-IaT yp(1)aja. ):(a lIC 611 ll,OmfiO DO BenHKHX
ynl6a TpaKC flO;l COIlCTBCHOM TOKI1HOM H TOKHHOM MaTCpl1jana TpaKa jc OCIlOl-beHa
[pw;acmu 11IJJClIICI1()plllepU 35
l-la HOCCI1C H nOBpaTHC BaJ'"KC Hm1 clBpcre rnaTKC nOBpuHIHC (2)_ Ha KpajeBHMa
TpallcllopTcpa uamnc ce IlorOllCKH (5) H ',ilTe3HH ypdJaj (6), l!oMohy KOjHX ce
oCTBapyje KpefaI-bC TpaKc. Pa,'U-1 KOMnaKTI-[OCTH KOI-ICTpYKW1Je II nOBeilalba
06YXBaTI-lOr yrna KOPHCTC CC OTKJIOI-lCKH 6y6l-bClHI (7) KOjH cc lIaJIa3e Ira 110BpaTilOj
CTpaml TpaKe. MaTcpHjaJl CC IICTOBapa Ha LlCOHOM 6y6lby (4) fiJI¥! nOMoi1y
cneUlljaJlflOr llcToBapl-lOr ypeljaja_ LIHlutklbe TpaKe cc BplLlll [[oMohy 'liICTil'-W (9)_ !--la en, 4_2 IlpI-IKa3aHe cy IleKC Oll Yl3BC"Q6u Kpal1i1X TpaKacTIlx TpallclfopTepa_
CTIIK(/ 4_ 2_PCtLTWllIlJIe U5lie()fic IJIpCll-::acl11ux mpallclloplIlepa: llo.'1OJlcaj i)O?OlW 11
'SamC3Ci!bC!, ca fJ06TIOM mp({Co.H, Y?UOIIU CJ£('_HC11I1l II IlfJOClllOpliC/ Y?ClO!/Ci mjHlca
360r TCLIlKol1a oCTBapHBaIba KpHBy!Ha y XOpYl30HTam-roj paBlUl H BCnC L(CI-le, Tpacc
TpaKaCTI1X Tpal-lCnOpTCpa BCnYlX Jl,Y)KYlI-Ja o6w-ll-lo cc WlBOlle ca~w y BepTH KaJl 1-1 oj
paBI-II1_ Ha en_ 4_3 npIIKa3aHI-l cy I-ICKI1 06mlL\Yl Tpaea TpaKaCTYIX Tpal-lClIOpTCpa_
Cmow 4_3. We.-vWlI1CKU npUKa3U I7Ipaca mpallCI10plllCpa
36 Tp{JIlCI70pmll(f Ii npel!l()(fOpi/{/ cpe(}clll(W II ypel}aju
4.2 OCHOBHH CJl:eiVHcHTH H
4.2.1 TpaHcnopTHe
TpaKa je OCflOBHH II Hajonrollopmnm CJlCMCI-faT TpallcIiOpTCP,l, '301 1I0::!'3;:(ZlII H
C(jH!K01c:ll-1 part TpaHcnopTcTa TpaKa Mopa nOCC;(Ol3aTH OJllJel)<::lIc OCOOflllC Kao LUTO
cy: CaBlITJbllBOCT (nIIlKocT), MaJla COIlCTl3ef-la TCflOllla, BcmlK01 CIBpcToha, ",13;ra
pe:r,rfyIBH01 yI3L\Y)KClba, MaJla XHL\pOCKOfIHOCT, BeJH1Ka OTrIOPllOCT IJa xaombe, rvwna
ueH8 HT,L"{.
ca TCKCHCll-H!M
BnaK!illi\!a, cjeJ-U11bemlx rYMOM TK3. l'y,vlclla TlxurcnopTlfa TPaKCl, .IC
HajpacllpocrpalbellHja y npuMeJ-lI! jep .nOOpHM ~leJ10M IlPCTXO;\J-lO
flaopojillle ocoo\1lle. Ha en. 4.4 je npYlIG13aHil Tpalm ca Hoce!1}lJ'y! cnojel3wvla 0;.\
naMY'-!l-le TKnJ-lmre OOJl())Kel-fHX ca CBYlX CTpa!-fa 3alllTHTHOM rYMoM. Hocellll cJlojeBfr
IlpeJ'lOce owe Koje ce jaBJhajy npYl KpeTillbY clOK rYMeJ-lH cnoj ilJTHTl1 I·rocehe
cnojel3e OA /l,ejcTBil Bnare, MCXaHHYKl-IX clllfTchel-ba VI xaoal·ba.
B
C'LUK({ 4. 4. TPOIICIJOPll1110 I!lJHIKU co mCKCIllU'flllI.H lIoCcnu,'H cJlOje()u.lw 11 lijJo(jnf.!lu
JlOcenu.Y n()(fpw1/Iw mjJOf,:a
03J-laKe Kl3aJmTeTCl naMYLlllJ.lX TKaHHf-!a Koje ce KOPflCTC Kao HocehH cnojeBH cy
1350; 1360 H B80 rAe ce opojHe 03HHKe OL\HOCe Ha jaYHHY MaTepHjafla Ha KHL\albe
[-IOCeneI' cnoja K = 50: 60: 80 [LV / IIlm]. OCI10llHH napaMeTpII TpaKe cy lllHpHlIil 11
opoj Hocel1Hx cnojeBa. illHpHl!a TpaKe ce oupe1)yje y 3allHcHocTH OA ilOTpeOHor
TpaKClCIJ1U 171jiWICIIOjili/epU 37
KanaL(¥l'reTa, j\OK ce lioTpcoaH opoj llocdiHX cnojcBa TpaKC O:lpC1)yjc rlpe,VIa
MaKClIMaJllIOj pamlOJ CILHI Y TpaWI ( ):
BK
Ii - CTenCI-l cHrypHocTH -4,2)
13 [f71Il1] - umpm-!a TpaKc,
K / fillIi] jacHIHH MLlTepHjana J-Ll KHL\afbe Hoceher C:1Oja,
BpCfJliUC; I' CTenCHct cHrypHOCTI1 cy ;\llTe y TaOCJ!H T-4, I,
T-4.1. CreHCll CHf'YPHOCT!1
1,:-. Gpoj cnojeBa TpaKe
CreneH cHrypHocTVI
Ii
-,...
6-:--8 I 9-:--11 I I I
10 I
10,5
(4,1)
12-:--14
II
Y KOJlflKO TpaKil ca HocellHM C:10jcBHMil OL\ rra:vrY'IIIe TKaH!11-1e J-Ie:\1i\ oL\roBapajyl1Y
HOCHI3()CT rrp!IMelbyjy ce TpaKe ca !lOCehHiVl ccIOjeIll1Ma 0;1 CHIITeT11 LIKI-IX
iV13Tepl-ljanLl (PayoH, rIOJlyaM!IA, rIonyccrcp) ca 'lllaTllO BellOM jaYY[[IOM "'laTepHja:ra
Ha rm;raH,e K = 250 - 350 [LV / llllll]. Kao oonora ce nOpeLl, KOP,KHI II PVC
llJlH 1l0JlllypeT,UI.
rIO!J Beil!r,\i
Ilar-HO!-ll'Dol ynlOBH,yla
roplbOM 1I0I3PLUHJ-IOM T-4.2.
TpaKe ca noceOHO npo(I)H;mcaHo~f
TA.2. g03BOJbCHli yrJIOI3l-l Han-loa TpaHcliopTepa
PVC - rnaTKO ca rrpoejll-lJ1lICLlHOM i
1 11 013 P rlll·1Il()',1
KapToH
rInaCrl-JLIHenOCYL\C 10-:--12° 2()0
I MCTanHe nocYL\e 1 10-:--12° 20°
Kpajem·! TpaKe cc IJ,ene TaKO Aa je J-IOCH130CT crIoja HajMallic jem-JaKa jaCIYIHH KYI,[(mbC
TpaKe uno ce nOCTH/Ke noce6HoM nplmpeMoM Tpmcc, cn.4.S.
38 TpallCl70j!l7Il1il u IlIJeln()(Wj!lw cpelJcI71I!Cl 1I ypehaju
............ ~
" .•. ~.~.c-'='~
7 7 oJ, I /
/ / C'IUJ{U I5. Cnojmbe J{paje(!o mpOKI?
Kao cnC:'vICHTM 'la OCJlHlbaIbe TpaKe 113:'vICljy rI0r01·ICKor M :laTC3HOI' 6YOH,a KOpl1CTe
cc BaJloL\H, en. 4.6a, I1ml paBHC, rJIaTKe IIOl3plllHlle OD, mlMa HnYl J(PI3CTH, CJL 4.66.
BaIloL(H cc npIllVlclbyjy Ko.~l, TPHlfCllo.PTCpa I3cnYIx JlY/KHlJa (L:2: 15m) llpH
TpaHCllo.PTo.l3albY HaCI111Ho.r MaTcpHjaJ!a, !.{OK cc paBlIC rrOBp]IJHlIC KOPliCTC KOJI
TpaHCllo.PTepa MaJH1X D,y}KYIlla H Op3YIHa KpCTaJba flPYI TpaHcnolHY Jlal(Or KOMa}'IHor
rvraTcplijaJIa
..• ' ...• '.',,6 i ' ....... 1: .
j; A
il P ~
0) 6)
Cnll-:a .c/.6. Ha'IWili OUlalhmbO I71paKe
KaKo. BaJbLJH no.peJI TpaKC npeD,CTa13_'bajy Haj3Ha'-lajHlije eJleMelJTe TpaHCno.PTepa,
jep 0.)), KBaflHTeTa I-bHXo.Be li3paJIe 3a13liCC yKynHI1 OTno.PH Kperaa,y, Mopa ce
flo.CeOHa rI<DKlba rIOCBeTHTYI I-bYIXOl3o.M npal3HJIHo.M 1136o.PY. Yne)I(yJ[UTelbe KOJI
Ca13pCMeHHX I(o.HCTPYKI~Hja TpaHCno.pTepa ce HCKJloYLIHBo. o.CTBapyje nYTeM
Ko.TPJbajyhHx J1.e/Kajesa. Ha Cll. 4.7 cy npKKa3aHH napaMeTpY! K HeKe MoryhHocTH
yne/KHlllTelba npUMeHo.M nal311pHHTCI(Or 3allTl1Balba.
OCHOBHl1 napaMeTpli BaJ'baKa '3a OCnm-halbe cy npC'lHHK I1 pa3MaK (Ko.aK) H3Meljy
I3ClJ'baKa.
TpwWCITIU mpOHCnOpmepu 39
CJl1i;.::a 4.7. JIapaMempu (!Wbm:o U 1U1'1l1l1U YJieJ/tuullllelbe OC//OI/UX eJII?.'weIlCl17lCl
1'13oop npc4HliKa BaJbKa 3aBYICli O,Q BenHKor opoja cjlaKTo.pa. BaJ'uaK Mo.pa HM,lTl1
TaKaB flpeYHHK lWKo. OYI Mo.MeHT Cflo.Jbrher Tpel-ha 0. TpaKy OliO. Belm Hero Mo.rvrcHaT
o.Tl1o.pa o.6pTaiba SaJloKa jep 611 y npo.T¥!Bllo.i\! D,o.na3Hflo. JIo. KflM3atba TpaKc npeKo.
l3aJbaKH 11 lbeHo.r 6p'3o.1' TpOlllelba. DpeYHUK BaJbKa ce o.!..i,peljyje y 3a13HCHo.CTH o.JI
WHpHHC H 6p3HHe TpaKe YI o.OJlHKa TpaHClIo.pTOl3aHo.r rvrClTepHjaJ1a. Y 3aBHCHOCHI 0,,1
6p3HHe KpeT<ll-ba npcLllluK BaJblGl Tpe6u TaKO 0;WCD,11TH :.(a 6poj o6pTaja lie npcn<l'll-I
BpeAHocT 400-,-500[o/min].
Pa3MaK H3Me1)y l3a':baKa YTI14C, [lOCc6Ho. KO)J JIyraYKHX TpaHCno.PTepa lIe< SCflH4l1HY
OTflo.pa OJIHo.CHo. yrpo.lIJaK eHepmje 3a KpeTarbC. Do.BeYl(:UbCM pa3MaKa vI3Meljy
l3aJbaKa no.BehaBa ce o.flTepenel'bC JIC/KajeBa 11 cKpa11yje Bel( I-bYIXo.l3o.r Tp<uaH,a a ca
Apyrc CTpaHe ce CMaH>yje IbHXo.B 6po.j Ii LIeHa. Ha o.CHo.BY o.BOra M())KC ce yo.'-IHTH
JIa je 3a CBaKli Ko.HKpCTaH CflY4aj ;v!Oryl1e o.'upe)),HTI1 OnTI1MaJ1aH pa3MaK H3Meljy
BaJbaKCl. Ko.)), TC)!(HX KOMaD,HMx TepeTa pa3MaK H3MCljy BaJbaKa Tpe6a )),a je MalbH o.)),
TphHHe JIY)KHHe TepeTa KaKo. 6H ce TepeT YBeK o.Cnal'bao. Ha HajMalbe JIBa BaJbKa
(HCTO Kao. Ko.,U BaJbKaCTHX TpaHcnopTepa). Y OCTaJ1HM CflYLJajesHMa Ko.pal( BaJbaKa
ce OJIpeljyje Ha o.CHo.BY ,Uo.3I3o..n,eHo.r yrl16a TpaKe.
Pa3MaK H3MelJy BaJbaKa YTwle Ha BcnwmHY CEna y TpaLJH jep yrH6 TpaKC YCJICJI
Co.flCTl3eHe Te/KHHe H Te)KHHe MaTcpHjana He Tpe6a JIa 6YJIe sel1H on:
1:{O" :=: 0,025 ./ (4.2)
40 TpallCl70plJll£([ U IIpemO(5CiplI{f cperJcmea u ypehoju
Ha cn. 4.8 jc npHKCl:>cUI ymo TpaKc no,C( eonCTBCHOM TC)KHHO~1 TpaKc (e/,,) H
Tc/KHHOM :vW'rcpYIjana ((} ). KOJ\ TpallCI10p-ra rCIIIKHX KO'Yla}(a. en. 4.8-0. Mopa 6l-rnr
1/' . ( / HenYlbeH ycnoB ! :c; 13 r;1.C JC r pacToJIHbC KopaK) BlUbaKa <1 1 11Y)KHH<1 KO\lCi;J,a y
npaBUY TpaKC.
s u0.~IG q q.;
.. L_I_L:U3
oj 6)
.... L
r;)
G
s, . ~~; . S
~ G!2 IS, ! I Gi2
t!2 t
CmIJ.:a 4.6. V?UO mp({Kf lia pacJuoj cmpwtlI KOc) liClCll17ltO? ~vf(fmeJnIj({jta (a). K()(]
meuu,:ux /{W,W()IIUX mepema (oj U _WF:1IX ({O.lI({()mIX mepema (r;) u (?j
3a pacyTYI MaTcpHjan, O)1HOCHO 3a Manc flaKC TcpeTe, yrHo TpaKe ce M())KC H3pa3HTH
peJlaI.\H jOM:
(q + qJ. t" f = '? '1
C • t
r.Qc je: q[kg / In] -Maca MaTepHjaJIa no ):lY)KHOM MCTPY TpaHcnopTepa
q II [kg / In] -conCTBeHa \Iaca TpaKe no .::\Y)K1-IOII-I \1CTPY
AKO ce (4.3) 3<lMeHi1 Y npeTXO)J)IH W3pa3
iV!vI!-HiMllJ1HY CYlJly lia paiJllOj CTpallH TpaKe:
= 5 .(q +qJr
( 4.3)
Ha nOBpaTHoj CTpaHH KOpal( BaJbKa ce OOW.JI-lO y3HM~1 ;::ta je ;::tBOCTPYKO Berm Hero
I-la pa):lHOJ CTpaHH.
3a KOMaiJH!1 Tepn BalKe npeTXO.::\He peJIaUHje npeMa CJl.4.8. r.
, G t s·/=_·-
. 2 2
rl(e je: G - Te)KHHa KOMa):lHOr TepeTa
WTO H3KOH 3aMeHe BeJlH'!I1He 3a MaKCHMaJlHO ):l03BOJbeH YrH6 npeMa (4.2) H
cpefjHBa}ba )'\aje Bpe.o,HOCT MaKCHMaJlHe CHne y Tpal~lj:
S/;IIII = 10· G ( 4.5)
Tpmwcrnu 171jJ(fl{CllOpmepU -II
4.2.3 .Byou>erm:
EYOH,CBfl cc npCM<1 HaMCHH :VlOry nOl(cmnH Ira: norOHCKC, :mre3HC, IlpeBojHc H
OTKJIOHCKe. rJorOHCKH oy61'beBH H:Vlajy ,aiJaTilK J,il o:VlOryhc npeHOC CHarc nYTCM
Tpelba Ha TpaKy TpaIlCllopTcpa. rJPCBOjHH VI OTKJIOIlCKH 6y61'I>CB11 OMOI-yi1yjy
npm,lellY npllJ3Ua TpaKe a 3:lTC3llH llOPCL( npOMCHe npaBua BplIlC H "laTC3aH,e TpaKe.
rJpaBH'I<lH IBOOP npel!HHiGl oy6lba H,VIa BC)1l1KH 3HaLJaj '3C1 pal, Tp::u,acnIX
TpaHcnopTepa. llpH H300PY Ilpe t rHHKa OJ Olba Tpeoa Y-3I1MaTI1 Y OO'HlP CflC.QCne
rllaKTOpc:
6poj fr flpCTa \1~(repf'Ija.na Hocel1Hx CJlojena TpaKe (!;e6)MIHa TP,U;:C) jep OJI
OBO[, napa1v1CTpa 3aBl1Ce HiliiOHI1 l-la caBvlja)'be TpaKC llpH l·beHOM npenacKy
npCKO 6y6lbCBGI, O.QHOCHO BCl( Tpajart,3 TpaKe;
cnCqmlJWII-lH npl1THCaK H3,vIC~y 6YOH,a H TpaKe He Civle npena3HTH
J.\03BOJbeHY BPC,'\llOCT:
6poj caBHjaI-bu TpaKe, KOjH 3(1BHCYf OJl l.UCMC IbeHor npeMOTaBal-bfl 11 6poja 06pTaja 6y6It,CBiI;
BpCTa H MeCTO yrpa;:\It,e TpaIIcnopTepa.
3a Bei'le ~ly)KHHe Tp,urcnopTepa H KanaUJ!TeTe y npaKCH ce 1·raj1lellll'ie npe'!I·rYlK
6yo!-ba OJ.\pcfjyje y 3aBHCfloeTH OL\ BpeTC 1v1i1Tepujana, 6poja HocenHX CJlojcBa TpaKC
[1 IberOBe rlaMClre npe,vla vnpa3Y:
(4.6)
I;'(C Je: :: - 6poj flOCCl'iHX CJ10jesa TpaKe.
Y Taoc:1H T-4.3 cy ):laTe Bpe.o,I-l0CTH Koe(pYlllHjeHT<1 k,,:
TA.3. Bpe.o,HOCTH KOe(jlHL(HjeIlTa ko
I JaLJHHa Ha KH;::tatbe l\laTepHjaJ1a HOC. cnoja K [iV / lJun]
I HaM ella oYO}ba I
I I
I,
100 120+200 250+300 350+400 ! i
f1oroHcKH I 150+160 170+180 i 180+190 I
190+200
I 3aTe3HH 120+130 135+145 145+150 i 150+160 I
OTKJlOliCKH 100+110 120+125 I 125+135 135+]40 I !
-12 TpUI/C!1()f!1lI110 II npeITW(Wj)Jf(l cpe(}CrJ/{i([ II ypehaju
Ko;:! Kpal1Hx TpaHcnopTcpa npCL!lIHl.\kl cc ;\;IOI'Y y-mMaTH [I 11IaTtlO MaIMl,
0,,.,,, = GO -7- 70111111 . anH cc TaJ\Cl Mopa paLlyH~lnl C,V!afbeH BCK Tpaja!ba TpaKe.
gY)KHlJa 6y61ba (L) 3aBllCH O.L\ IJIHPHlIC TpaKc (B) TaKO ;Ia OHa H3HOCYI
L=B-7-(J207150)[nllJz1. Pa}JH 60JbCr l\elrrpHpalLa TpaKc npHfllclbYJC cc
"6ypWIaCTH" 6y6I-bCBH. cn. 4.9a 11 6y6lbCBH Cel KOHYCllf!lvl ·.laBjJl!le[(I1MCl, cn.4.96
.c i
oj
0,38 o i
L
-IUO
0,38
I .,
rr--=-i---rl~-j I' I 0.········· ·1·· "'1 0'
~!
L
0)
C.7U1W 4.9. EYOlbe!!lI mpaI(({clllUX mpclNCl7opmepo
KOL\ Kpa.TKHX TpaHcJ[opTcpa ca TpaKaMa BcliHX lllYlpHHa jc noce6110 H3paJKeil
npOOJle:vl UCHTpHpaiba TpaKc na cc npenopycryje npHMCll<l norOIICKor 6y6fba ca
KOHYCHHM 3<lSPWCTllHMa ;:!OK jc CJl060;:U'IH L\H:IHIIL\PHLIaH a KO~\ JwraLIKHx
TpaHcnopTepa Tpe6a npwvlclbllBanl ooa 6y61-H\ ca KOHYCI-HIM 3aBpllleTl\HMa.
MoryliHocT qCHTpYIpalba TpaKc cc IlOCTlDKC H KONi6HllOBailYIM ',aKpcTcubCM
',aTC3110r, npeBojHor H OTK~10HCKor 6y6a,a (f1o.QellJallillbC y CKCflJlmrraqHjli).
5y6fbeBH ce [i3pafjyjy miBCIbCM, 3a Beile cepl1jc. H OL\ IlHMil caBHjafbel\! H
3aBapHBalbeM. 360r nOBclial-ba Moryl1HOCTl1 npc!!oca ClJ(lrC ny-reM TpelbCl norOHCKH
6y61-bCBH CC o6J1a:iKY MaTcpHjanoM KOjH ca TpaKoM oCTBapyjy Betm KOccPHllHjclJaT
Tpclba (rYiVla. TCKCTHJI, KQ)Ka, L\PBO).
4.2.4 llorOHCKH ypefjajH
I10KPCTcHbC TpaKe TpaHcnopTCTa cc BPWH !lOMOl1y rrorOHCKor MeXaHH3i\1C\ KOjYl cc
caCTojH, H3 CJ1CKTPOMOTopa (I), cnojHHqC (2), PC;\YKTopa (3) CrIojHHlle H KOLIHHqC
(4) 11 norOHCKor 6y6l-ba (5). !-la CJI. 4.10 cy rrpHKa'3aHc pa3JlH'-!HTe Moryf1HoCTH
H3BofjCl-ba norOHCKor MCXaHH3MCl. !-la CII. 4.1 o-u jc !lpHKa3aH norOHCKH McxaHH3aM
KOL\ Kora cy 11 MOTOP H PCL\YKTOP CMClllTCHH Y YHYTpaIlll-bOCT 6y6l-ba.
Tpal,'UClI1U IllpmlCI10prnepu
2 3
G)
v !----. !
5
4
OJ
II)
ClU1W 4.10. 17U?OllCl,'U ype1juju mpw;:uclIlUX mpallCI10pmepu
43
YKOJIylKO cc :3J.XTeBJ. perymlcJ.llo 3ayc-raBJbalbC TpallCnOpTcpa K!rH cc paJH1 0
TpaHcnopTcpy ca IWfH6Hl1M L\COHHULlNICl llCOnXO,Ul·m jc npYlMCIIa KOYllv!l~C (4).
Hajycwl1c jc TO CTallL\Clp,.QHa KO'-!I-nmCl ca L\BC nanyyc. cn. 4.11 Cl. Koja cc nOCTaBjbCl
H3McllY MOTopa Yl PCL\YKTopa y c;lycmjy BcllHx KOLIYlOHYlX 1'vlOMClIaTa Ylc1H. UJTO je
'lcIlll1e KO,.Q TpaKacTHx TpaIICnOpTcpa, H'3Meljy pe).(yKfopa 11 nOrGl-lCKOf 6y61·ba. K~L\ KpaTKHx lmnlynrx TpaHcnopTcpa ce MQ)KC npHMcmlni YCTaBJbacr y o6nHKY ponHH.
cn.4.11 B. Hml CKaKaBHllC. cn. 4.11 r. HnH Bpno jer\HOCTaBHo peLlle!-be npHKa3aHo Ha
cn. 4.116 KOL\ Kora jc HCKopHIlll1eH YMeTaK OJ~ TpaKe (I). YMeTaK je nOCTaBJbCH Ha
CYlna31-lOj CTpaHH paL\He TpaKc TaKO na YCJlen CBOjC cnacTHcrHoCTH HJ1H L\CJ10BcU'bCM
nOnaTHC onpyrc HMa cTanHY TCHL\CHllHjy YBJ1acrcl'ba H3MCfjy paWlc TpaKc H 6y6tba.
I1PH pany TpaHcnopTepa CMCP 06pTaIba jc TaKaB Aa 6y6mb H paL\Ha TpaKa CTam'IO
OL\6Hjajy TpaKaCTI1 YMcTaK, MefjYTI1M, HaKOll I1C[(Jbycrcl'ba norOHa TpaKa ca
MaTcpHjaJ10M I1Ma TeHAcHuHjy 06pHYTor [(pCTal-ba WTO ;WBO)]}! no YBJlacrclba
TpaKaCTor YMCTKa H3Mei)y 6y6tba H TpaKC H 3aYCTaBJbalba AaJbCr KpeTal-bcL
-1-1 71WIlC110j!1)}Jl(! II 17pCIlWUUj!IW CPCOCI1I1)(l II ypcf}oju
0)
6) (1) ?)
CilUKO -1.11. [{Ol.[/11.11jLl (uJ u ycmaG"bU'{U Inpwce (6, e, 7)
Tcopflja npcHoca Cllarc H KpcTalba nyreM Tpelba fl:3iYJCDY oy6!ba H TpaKe 3aCHHBa
CC Bel OjJlepOBOiYJ OopaCl\Y KOjH )]'eClll1!lHWe O,u:JIOC CHJl<l Y 1l,Hwa3110M H CHJla3HOM
KPilKY TpaKe Y TpCllyTKy nOLleTKa JbCIIO[, npOKJIWlaBafba flO Oy6JbY. cn. 4.10:
(4.7)
r.le Je: - M<lKCYIMaJIHa Cilna y flaYl]la3110~1 KpaKy TpaKC.
TpaKC [1 oyGlba,
ex - OOYXBaTHH yrao TpaKe na 6y6fhY.
K3KO CC Y paLIY TpallcnopTepa HC CMe )~O'3BOSIYlTH KJIW3al·bC 'rp,lIce no 0yOH,Y. jep y
npOTHBHO'Vl )],onCl3H )],0 HJJTCH3HBJJOr TpOWClba. 3arpeBafb<l [I eBerrryarll'Ior mUbCH,a
TpaKe, )]'eclmrll1lDe ce CTenerl CHrypllOCTH npOTHB npOIUlYl3aBafbil Y Oom1i<Y:
(4.8)
rr.\C Je: UI//Ux = SIIli - S l = Sl . (e"a -1) -MaKCHMaJiHO :Vlo['ytla OOHMWI CHna,
AKO ce roplbe peJlal.l.Hje YBpcTe y H3pa3 (4.8) ,f\ooYlja ce:
lj)QI,OCI71U 171pmfC170prnepu -15
(4.9 )
OGYXBLlTfH1 yrao TpaKe Ha 110rOHCKOM OYOJbY ce cacTojl1 Wl yrIla WI l(O,VIC CC jaBJLa
pe;WTI1BIIO :Vlano nO~'JepaILe TjJC1Ke no nOBpLUl1lH1 OYOlbCl, IGlO nOCJle;J,yllW
CnaCTl1YI-iHX LleclJOpMCll\Hja TpaKe, KOjl1 ce 'lOBC yrao cn<!CTWIHor KjlJ~3<l1-bl1 (al:) H
yrTIa r;:lc !-lCMa pcnanIBllor nOr>lcpalb2l KOHTaKTHC nOBpLllI111C TjX1KC 11 6y6JbLl. KOjl1
ce 30BC yrao penClTHBJIOr VlHpOBalb<l ) CoL 4,! :ZiL Ha ,aely yrIla enaCTWlllor
KJIH3alba Mepo,aC1BaH je OJ:!CPOB oOpa3aL\. CHIla cc Metba o,a S, JIO Sf
(ApXH:vle)]'OBa cnHpCl.~a). TaKO LW Ha ymy pcnaTHBHOf MHpOBmba lreyla npOMCl-fe
CYlIle. Y CYIDTJ.ll;;r yrao peIlaTH!'~IOr :vmpOB<lJba npe):(CT<lL1o::l 30HY CHrypllOCTH jep
npH [lOBellatbY CHne S, )],OJH13H )],0 CMClI-beH,a yrnCl penaTHBHO[, Ml1pOBafua CBe )],0
O)],HOCIIO Ka)],a !lOmnH )],0 KJIH3aIba TpaKc Kao l\eJlHI-Ie no
6y61bY. Ha C]f. 4.126je npHKa3aH cnycraj ira rpamiL\H npOKJIW3aBal-ba a IIa cn. 4.12u Je 11pHIG13ClII pacnope,a CHIla npYl perynapHoM pa,ay TpGlIICnOpTepa.
a) 0)
CIW,'O -1.1]. /VICXOlllnUll npciloco ol!/JICpCnClbLi
AKO ce aHCL1H3Hl)a wlpa3 3a MaKCHMaJ1HY 06HMHY CHJlV U, . = ,)', . (ell''" -1.) MO)!(C t ~ ~ -' ,II(/.\ _ /
cc KOHCTaTOBaTH,aa ce npeHoc CHare nYTeM oy61ba iYJo/Ke nOBehanl I[a cnerrelHr
HaYHf-l:
nOBCDalbeM o6yxBaTHor yrna (ex). Y npaKcH Tpe6a KOPHCTI1TH
MaKCHMaJlHe Bpe.LlHOCTH OOYXBGlTfHiX yrnoBa HJlI1 BHIDe6y6afucKH f[OrOH
cn.4.13;
nOBenal-bCM Koe(j)Hl\HjeHTa Tpef-ba H3Mel)y 6y61'ba 11 TpaKe (j.L) H TO
06naralbeM noroHcKor OYOf-ba cl)pHKI~HOHHM MaTepHjanHMa.' BPC)],HOCTl1
Koeq)Yll.l.HjellaTa Tpelba ce Mory Y3eTYl lIa OCI-IOBY IlOJwTaKa ,aaTHX y Ta6eJUi
T-4.4;
_-,_16_) ______________ T"-p_{j_H_L_"l_11-")j_)'_1I_'_IC_I_lI !1pemo(f(Jplw cpe()c11l(w u ypeh{fju
rroBcliafbcM 3aTC3mba TpaKacTor TpilHcrropTcpa LiIVvlC ce nOBchaBa Yl CYlna y
CHna3HOM KpaKy TpaKe OI~HOCHO MOI'ynHocT npcHoca CHarco
T-4.4. KocqlYlUHjer-rra TpCfba 113MCljy 6yol+,a Yl TpaKe (,u )
110 Bp UHllI a
IlorOHCKor OYOlba
Cral+,e.
nOEpWHHU
TpaKC H OYOlba
KocfjJYll(HjCIIT
Tpelb<l J.l
rt-----------------r-------------T-------------~----------
: r r l.JYlCTO CYBO 0,40 i LJeJlYlLIHH oyo,beEH -
; OC'3 oonOl'e I I~--
I fYMeHa oonora
6y6f-ba
Eyomb OOnO)KeH
TKaHHHOM
np,HlJIbaBO
l.JHCTO
npallllbaBO
LiHCTO
CYEO
CyEO
CyEO
CyBO
0,30
0,50
0,40
0.35
Y 3aIlYlCHOCTl1 O,'l Kanal('ITeTa Yl nY)KHHe TpaKaCTHX TpaHcnopTepa npHMel-bYJY ce
pa3rHl'lYlTfi HaLiYlflH norOHa TpaHcrropTepa. Ha cn. 4.13 cy npl1Ka3aHC HeKe OClIOBlle
WC.vIC H lvloryDllocTH 110r0l1a TpaI-lCnOpTepa.
Cl) 6)
h)
Cnllw .:t. J 3. IlIc.'14e pU3_Heumwjo 110ZOliCI
Tpwmcmu 17ljJa/lclloj!/]!epu
lllcMe Ha cn.4.13a,0,B rrpmca3)jy TpallcnopTep ca jc,c(H06yoaIbCI01M nOn)HOM IlpH
CleMY ce norOHCKH lvlcxaHH3aM, YKOJ1HKO jc iVloryllc, ,oor nOllOJhl'fHjer orrrepclieiba
H npeHoca CHan" CTaIlJha lIa npC;llbH (CICOllH) ;1,eo TpaHcnopTcpa. Llfc~!c llel
cn.4.13r,,'l,lj flPC;:(CT3BJbajy pa3JlHcIHTe BapHjaflTC JLBuoyoalhcKor 001'OIJa. fforOH ca
TpY! 6y61ba, cnA.13e, ce npYlMClbyjc ca~IO y !13Y3eTHYlM cnYCJajeBHMa IlpH npeJlOcy
BCJI!1KHX CtJara. Ko:~ CSHX BYlLilcoyoaI-bCKI1X nor-m-Ja jaIlJba CC 3HClYajaH npuonCM
CHI-IXpOIIYl3aL(l1je pa,fl[l H opepacnO,lleJle CHarlO H'3Meijy f10rOHCKl1X oy611,es(1.
I1paIl!1JIHGl JJOKaUl1ja nOrOI-ICKOr ;vlexaHH:>Ma Je IleOMa 6uTHa Jep YIVIaH'YJe
Hanpe3aJhe TpaKe U OTfIOpe KpeTCllbY TpaHcnopTepa a nOIlel1aml cHrypHocT on
npoKHmasaJbCl. Ha OIlaj lIaLll1II ce nOIlcl'iaBa ',JorynHoCT nrelJOca CHare fiorOHCKHvl
6y61bCM, O,'lHOCHO C'\1al-bel~e 'laTC'3alb,\ TpaKc WTO HMa 3a Ilocnc;U1L\.V npOJW>KelbC
IleKa IbeHor Tp2.jatba H CMalbClbC opoja 1l0cehHX cnojem1, O)l,HOCHO npHMeH)
jerpTHI-IHjc TpaKc. floro/laH nOJlQ)Kaj norOHCKor MexallH3Ma je Ha LICOliOM 0:\1I0CIIO
3anfueM D:cny TpaHcnopTepa Y '3aB"ICHOCTH on BHCYlHCKOr rIoJ[O>Kaja OBa ,flila J~eJla
TpaHcnopTepa H TO TaKO ll,Cl cc norOHCKH McxaHH33M HaJla3H YlleK Ha SI11110j KOTH.
KOD: TpmlcnopTepa ca ycnoHoM, XOpH30HTaJlHI1X TpaHcnopTepa I1Jm npH
TpallcnopTY ",wTepujana HilHYDKe C3 MaJJHM Y['J]OM lIarH6a nOf'OHCKH MeXClHH'laM
Tpe6a nOCTaBWfU H3 npCglbH (LleOl-Il1) D:CO TpaHcnopTepa.
I10pen Ha6pojaHl1X l'v1O ry 11 HOCTI1, KOjc ;J>1peKTHo CJle,rJ,e 1-"13 mpa3a 3a 06Y!",!HY CHilY,
nOBehafuc Mor-ynHocTH npCl-lOCa CI-Iarc ce MmKe oCTIlapHTYI YI nOBcl'lillbeM npYlTHCKa
H3MCljy TpaKe YI 6y6}-ba, 6e3 nOEellal+,a 3aTC3ama TpaKe, cn. 4.14.
Ha CJl. 4.! 4a jc npI·1Ka3al! noro!! ca nOMohHoM TpaKOM Koja IlpU1YI npwnlcaK Ha
panl-1Y TpaKY H oyoaib Ha lJ,enO",l 00YXIl8THOM yrJIy rIP,,1 LreMY ce 3aTC3H<l cuna (S )
oCTsapyjc pcrynl1CalbeM Te/KUlla Tent H!lH nOMoliy noceoHor 3aTl:3110r Ml:X,UIWlMLl.
KaKo je CHna y nOl\lOl'illOj TpaUH npHOnYl;'Kllo KOHCTaHTlJa y CSI1M -raLIKilIVJa ilCl
ooyxBaTHoM yrny cne~lH J,a Ha CI111a3f·wj CTpmlH 1l0l-011CKor 6y61La ,ae:lyje yKymlo
onTepellefbe 5,'~ = S:, -+- S. MaKCHtvlaJIHa MorYllllocT npeHoca orrrepellcma ce
YTBpl)yje 33 TpCHyTClK npOKJlmaIlafba TpaKe no 6y61by npl1 cICMY je yKynHo
onTepeflefbe Hal1Jla:me CTpaHe pa;lHe Yl nm"rohHe Tp3KC S; = 5,'; + S ,
1-
Q);:~~-:~~~~~ ~ 151 .5\1
,\~\ \ai'iri~~f! s~i?
.G a) b)
C1U7<a .:t. J.:t. 1'V/o2yfl7locI1!U l1ocenmbo I7pelloca CI!a2e
-18 TPOIlCJ10j!!7IflCl II IIjlemo(Jopllo cperJc/1lUU u ypeijaju
(;-IWll'IO ce Mo}Ke nOBci1anl syt.JHa cnoco5110CT 1I01'OB;) Cil nOivlOhHHM lll\lbKOM, Cll.
4.145, KOjH 110,,1 !1ejCTBOM onpyrc BpUlll npWn-iCaK Ira I'JlaBl-IY 1 paKY 1l0PW1J!HOM
CHJ10M ( N) Y CfLla3!loj TaLJKH pa~li-IC TIXIKC ca 6YOlba.
D013el1albC IlPCHoca iv!O)fCe ce OCTBapHTH aKO ce YMeCTO JCJlI-Illr B,LbKCl YllllTpeOH 1 c:. /"" , ,
o,nepHja mUbaIGI Ha IJenDr.J o5y;maTHO:,1 yrny a f! pCUJelba 0YOlbCBJ
KOL\ KOjHX CC nOBehaIIH npIHHcaK H)iVlef)Y H rpaKC oCTBapyjc llpHMellOivl
nCP4JOpl1palior 6y6!-bC1 ca Ba!(y~!Oi\l !-Ia y IIYTpaUJILoj CTpalll1
3an~3IHI ypefjaju
3aTC3HH ype1)ajJ-l HMajy .'JBa OCHOBH<l 3a!~aTKa:
L\a ooe30CAC nOBOJM1Y Cl-L1Y Y CliJJa3110M KpaKy TpaKe ea 1l0rDHCKOl' 6yGu,a.
HCOI1XOAHY 3a npclIoc CHare 6C3 KJUi'3a!b<\ TpaKc no 6y61bY,
ga Ogp)IcaBajy nponHcaH yrH6 -rpaIce I1a paL\I1oj CTpatHi l-l3i\1(1)y BaJbLlKa
Ba cn. 4.15 npeAcrassbeHc ey HeKC OA Moryl1HocTH 3aTC3a~ba TpaKc TpmlcllopTcpa.
6)
())
c))
e)
C.7UKCl 4.15. Bpclllc u nOJIO;)/caj la/nClllUX vpeijaja
Tpmwcmu 171P01lCl10pmepu -19
Ha CJI. 4.15a je npHlCa'3aHO lTV4110 ,aTC'3atbC Ii0Moily IIilBOjHOi BpereHa. :YlaHa OBOI'
HaLfHllJ '3aTe3aI-ba jc onil;lalbe CHIle y TpaUH 'soor ILCI!Or l13L\Y)KClba IUrD ,Y]O/KC
):(OBeC1'11 J':(o npOKnH3aB<lH,a TpaKC no 110rOlICKO:,,] 6y61bY TaKO L\a cc Mopa LJCCTO
IZorrrpom'JCaTH yj npC:lla lloTpe6li i)OTC3i1nl. KOPflCTH CC CRMO ,i1 TpallcnopTcpe
MalbHX iJ,y)lnll-la. HelllTo 1l01l0J1Jl!llje OC061111e OBOr ypeljaja ce ::r06M.jajy (1KO ce y6al(H onpyra VI3!VICljy IJaBojHor SPCTCI'!a [I IIOC£lLIa rmlJHLle '3aTC'3!-10r 5y6lba, CT.
4.156. I-Ia Cll. 4.156,15 fl " jc npflKa3aHo 3lrrC3alj,(:~ novlOI'ty 3aTC3Hor Tcra. OBO jc
YJCL\HO VI l-IajLJelllllc npHMcr'bcHo 3aTC3afbC 'l60r CBOjC jCJlIIOCTaBHocTH H
O).:(p;'IG.lBalba KOHCTlHlTI-IC CWIC Y TpaUH. C~l. 4.15(), IJ YI i! llpJ.-Il;:,nyjy WCNlC 3ilTC3l-lJ.-lX
ypei)ajil Cil ayroMaTcKoM perynatU-iJoM CHJ1C 'laTC'3aJbil H TO I111CYVlilTCKHM.
cnCKrpOMCXal-IJ.-l4KHM H CsrCKTPOXJ.-ltWaY:IJ.-lLllHlM ,IYTe;\1.
DOJIO>Kaj 1ilTC3Hor 6y6!-ba OjUIOCHO MeXill-!WlMa Tpc6a ycsoj HTH y 30HJ.-l I-mjMafbHx
cuna jcp jc Ta,rp J(OIICTpYlCUHja OBor McxaHH3Ma jectJTUHHja, DOCTaBJbalbe 3aTe3HOf
6y61ba ce 06l-l CIHO BplllH Ha llOBpaTl-lOj CrpaHYl TpaKc HJ!H Ha ICpaJeBI-!Ma
TPaf-ICIIOpTepa.
XO,) 3aTe3Hor 6y6fua 3aBHCH O,il, BPCTC "laTepJ.-Ijana H SCJlH'HlIIC WUY)ICcl'ba TpalCC.
DpcnopYLICIIC BpeAHOCTH 3a xor~ y 3aBllCHOCTl-l OA L\Y;'J(HflC TpaHcnopTepa ( L) cy:
TpaKa ca TCKCTHnHHM llOccnHM CJlojeBl-lMa S = (0.015 -i- 0,020)· L ,
TpaKa ca 1-I0ccliHM cflojcBllMa OI( CHllTeTllKC S = (0,005 -i- 0,(15). L .
Ha cn. 4.16 cy npHKm2lHH OCII0BHH cnCMeilTH '3aTC3Hl-lX ypcijaja KOjIl cc HajLICllJl'te
npylMel-byjy KOA KpallHx TpmlCl10pTcpa.
a) 6j e) ?)
Cnll{(f -1.16. EJze,wJ /ll71U 'W17!e'JllliX ypeljaja
Cn, 4.16a H 5 npHKa3yjy 3aTC3aI-bC HaBojHHM BPCTCHOM rAc cc OOpTaI-be BpeTCHa
BpUIH PYLJI-IO Hnl-l nYTcM cneKTpOMoTopa. I-Ia CJL 4.1613 je npHKa3aH c11YLJaj
3aTe3afua nOMol1y XHAPOUHJIHHApa AOK e11. 4.161' npHKa3yjc HaLJHH 3aTe3afba KOA,
KpaTKHX Tpal-lCnOpTepa (L <5m).
50 7jJGIlC170Pl11110 U IlpelJl()(iUpJla cpe()C!1l(W u ypeljCiju
4.2.6 YToBapHH ypefjajH
YTOBap Ha TpaHcnopTep ce M())Ke ;Ia BplLlYl [J.VLlllO HJlll nO;Ylo11Y po6o-ra H
MaHHnymrropa, LlOJ..\ClBClLfa. CneL\vIJLlJIHHX aYToMaTa. rpaBHTaL\HOIIHX KnH3rnlL(a H
yroBapllor JleBKa.
Y nouna"la ce, 36o[ :\1aJIe Te)KHlle TepeTa, MaTepHjan BeOt;la r.rCCTO npcToBapa
pyLlf-!fiM nyTe~L Kana ce P3J..\H 0 Bel)oj KOJlWH-IHYf Tepen1 a nocc6flo y CJlYLfajeBvlMa
npeToBapa TepeT3 Bel1Hx Te)KHHa ~laHyeJIHH f1peTOBap ce 3a'vlelbyje poooTHMa,
MammymrropwvI<l. ,QO,QaBar.rvIMCl HJ1H CneIIl-1.laJIHHM aYl'oIVHHHMa.
YTOgilP,'H oleBaK. cn. 4.17 a. ce KOPHCTYl 3a cclY4aj pa,Qa ca pacyTYIM MClTepHjaJ1HMa
(I1HCMO[!OCHe 110wvubKe). ,na 6H ce MaTepHjaJI npaBHJlHO pacnopenHO 110 Tl)(ll~H, IW
MeeTY y-roBapa, 1I0CTaBJhajy ce .BepTYlKaJIlle Boljllue L(Y)KHHe I no::: 111 ca BHCHI!OM
Ofl 100-0-150 ml1l H npowHpel'beM y npaBUy KpeTa}ba TpaKc.
a) 0)
8)
C'IUlW 4.17. Ymoeapllu ypeljaju
7j)OK({CmU mp(lJICl10plllepu 51
Y cnYLlajy npeT013apa iYJaTepl1jasra 13eOMa 4eCTO ce KOpI-lCTe f'paBI1Tanl10He
KJlH3HYlnC (CTpi\ra paBa!!) TaKO 06JlflKOBaIle )Ja y6nCl)Ke BeplTllWflllH yD,ap
YlflTepHjana 0 TpaKy cMaH,yjyl1H My 6P'3Yll-IY H YCMepc\l3iuyl111 ra Y npaBL\y KPCTilihU
TpaKe. cn. 4.17 6.
3a paBHOMepHO IIOnflBaIbe Tepenl Ha TpUKy KopHCTe ce nOfJUBCl'H1 YI !IO',aTopH KOJH
y OCHOBH npcilCTaBJI,ajy npHJ1arol)eHe KpaTKe TpaK<lC-re. nnO'-I<1CTe H.'Hi BH6paUHoHe
TpaHcnopTepe.
KOD. aYToMXrf130BaHOr TpaHCllopTa 3a YTOBap Ko",rCl)JHor TepeTa ce Y nOcne;1.fbe
BpeMc CBe BHllJe npl1:vielbyjy ,'vlaHlmYJ13TOpH H p060TH, cn. 4.1715 .
4.2.7 Ypefjaju 3a HCToBap tvUnepHjaJ1a
fiocl'ojYl BHLIle Moryl1HocTH HCTOBapa MaTepHjana ca TpaKe. I--Iajjcf!1!OcTLlSHYljH
HCTOBap. KClfla ce TepeT HCTOBapa YBeK Ha HCTO"l MCCTY, .ie npCKO r.reOI·lOr 6y61ba.
OpH TOMe je fleOI1XOflHO 1l03H<lBaTH TpajeKTopHjy KpeTaIba :VJaTepHja.na 3601'
HcnpaBHor nOCraBjbal-ba YCMcpHBaLIa KOfl npcToBapa MaTepHJaJIa. TaLJHOr
oflpel)HBmhCl MeCT<l HCToBapa Yl 3601' Yl36craBalba KflH3aI-ba MaTepHjana no TpaL\H lOa
LleOHOM OyOH>y KOfl TpClIlenopTepCl ea \-lallHM 6p3mIaMa.
Kana ce MaTepHjan HaDe Iia 6y61hY H3a Tar.rKe A, err. 4.18, Ha Ibcr'a ,'lenyje nopeg
conCTBeHe Te)KHlIC H ue1rrpHqlyraIIH2l CHJI3. OOLleTaK onBajalba M3TepHjana 0)1
TpaKc ce flewaBLl y T3'-IKH (B) rne cy y paBlIOTe)KH p<umjaJllla KOMf!OHeIIT:l Te)KHfle
(Fv ) LJCcn-rne H nellTpHClJyramw CI--lJJa (~. ) na je:
111 • l' 171 . K . cos a = -n
2
a - yrao nocreTKa OilBaJatba l.JeCTHue Ofl TpaKe,
v - 6p3HHa KpCTal'ba TpaKC,
D - npeLJHHK Oy6l-b3,
OflHOCHO yrao nOLJeTKa oflBajal-ba 'leCTl-1ue Og TpaKe.ie oflPcl)eH mpa30M:
2·v~ COS((=-
CT· D b
(4.10)
52 7jJClIICll0j71l11iO li npemO(!ap"[{ cper!cl?luo II ypehaju
v
.... '
OlUf:CI 4_ J 8. HC1770(fap IW 'teO/lO_H OVOlbV
rIYT<llba LIeCTHLI,C HaKOH O~\Bajalba O~\ 6yolba ce OL\BHja 110 'laKOIIY Kocor XHLI,a npH
LleMY [10 TaHreHTI1 (x) OrIa H3BOD,H jCll.I-10JlHKO KpeTal-be x == v -I a IlO OP!-lHI-IaTIl
,r - t(v) jC!-(HaKo yop'laHo KpcTillbe ca yopllHbeM 'le!vlJ1,111Ie Te;KC, T~IKO ;J,<l.ic v == -'''- - . . 2
u
)' == 2 :~/ . (4. I 1)
vb o6pacua I I) Mo>](e ce Ol(PCJU1TH rpaHWJHJ BpcrlliocT 6p'nilJe TpClh:t: np>! KOjOj
OH :lOWSIO ;:\0 O!}llajafha ,\IClTcpl1jana y TClLIKl1 (A). KaKo je y TOi\'! c()sa == 1,
i\06Hja cc:
Ko,,\ TpaHCfJOpTCpa ca 6P3HJl2lMil TpClKC Bcn11M OJl OBe BpeWIOCTH O.'-\Bajatbc
MaTepHjana CC BPWH Y HilHJIa11-IOj TClLilIH (A) TpaKe Ha Oy6aJb.
l-1cToBap KOMCllll-for TepeTa Ha 611Jw KOM .ncny Tpacc MO>Ke cc H3BPWI1TH nOMofiy
KJlH3J-1C CKPCTHHLI,C OW-IOCHO flnY;KIJOr HCToBapHBilLIa KOjH MO>KC OHTI1 jef-lHOCTpafl,
cn. 4.19.a, HflH L\BOCTpaHH, cn. 4.19.B. Mal-la OBI1X HCTOfJapffHX ypclpja jc UlTO
113il3HBajy pcmrfliBHo BCJlHKC oTflope, xaoalbc TpaKe, a jCD,HOCMCPHl-l [1I1Y)Klm
HCTOBapl1BaYI1 jow HMajy 11 TeH)JcHLI,njy oOLllwr flOMCpaJ-ba TpaKe. 360r OBk-IX
Hel(OCTaTaKa OBfl HCTOBapHH ypel)ajl1 ce npl1Mcl-Lyjy caMO npl1 TpilHcnopTY SraKI1X
TepeTa. QBH ypcl)ajH Mory OHTH 3aKpenm y XOPH301lTaJIHoj HIlI1 BepTflKa;11-loj
Tp0f:ocl71U mpWICIlOpmepU 53
paBllYl HJlfl CivlClllTCI-lfl H<l KOnllL(a Llfl:l'IC ce ,\10/Ke MClbaTH ~leCTO HcrOBapa_ PaJIH
~1000.'bUJalba KapaKrepl1CTY!iGL noceOHO :la nCTOBap KO'Vla[IlIC pooe, npYlMClbyjy ce
CneL(HjaJllnJ HCTOllapHllaYH ca nOKpeTHOM TpaKOM (CKpeTlIHUC ca norOl-IOM). en_ 4.19.6',
0) 6)
G)
CJlw,-a I 19, JI-IYJIClIU UCI7IO(i0PUliU'lU - CA.pemllllljC
J/IcToBpe;\lCHO KPCTalLC KO;\1a.J,Hor mrrcpnjana (naKeTI1, Bpche) flO Hocel'\oj paBBY!
TpaKe TpallcliopTCIJCl H BCpTHKaJlHoj paBHH llcnoKpeTI-lc CKPCTHHUC JC CflOlKCHO,
noceol1o y nOLlCTHO'v1 ncpY!o-,-\y 3001' HcpalllIOil'lcpI-lor KpC-r,Ub(l, Koje nOYI1H,C npl1
KOHTilKTY TepCTa Cil BCpTHKJJIHOM paBl-JH CKPCTHHLI,C. rIocnc Tora lJaC'raje
paBHOMepi-iO KpCTalbC TcpeTa l~y)K CKpeTHI1UC OP311HOM i;,.
5-/ 7iJOIlCl1oj!I7I11Cl II npemO(Wpl/CJ Cpe(Jcrmw u ypef;aju
v
/
f3 = 90 - (a + p) v > V Is - s
oj .DrmlHe 6) C"PC'illlfU IlljJClHCrJOjJmejJ
__ .-________ S_k,~~,~~!1i~
v co
./
"'. \"" "./
0) Paclllojmba
C7U1<a -I. ]0. EjJ5wle u paur!ojwbe rnepell1CJ IIU U(l'emIlUl!U 1/ II1jJWjll
IllpaJlCi/Oplllepa
Ha OCHOBY Col. 4.20£1 6p3Y!Ha KpeTal-ba TepCTa no CKPCTHYlUH (vs) cc Mo)KC
O.QpC;UiTY! Hi! OCHOBy CWIYCHC TeopeMe:
v
sin f3 sin r
OJ.(HOCHO HaKOH cpel)Jiwal-ba je:
cos(a + p) v, = v . -------'--
cos p (4.13 )
CnI1'mo 3£1 peJfaTHBHY 6p3HHY TepeTa Ha CKpeTHI-lUY! y OtU-IOCY Ha TpaKY Ba)KH:
v Vii
sinr sina
7jJuJ<ocmu I'lIPaJICJ10jJlnepU
O;U-IOCHO :
sill a sina \,". ==V--=V'
" sill r cos P
I-I~eje npe'Vl<l cn. 4.2021:
y = 90 + p
Yrao pCnaTf1BHC OP3HHC jc:
f3= 180-(ex~y)
O;:rl-IOCHO
f3=90-(ex+p)
55
(4.14 )
( 4.15)
( 4.16)
ga OH ,nOWJlO ,no KpCTaIba TcpCTa no CKPCTIlHUH Mopa 6WrH HcnYIbeJ·j YCJIOB f3::;' 0
O,L(HOCHO ycnoB 3a yrao 3llKpeTaIba cKpeTHI1L(e KOjH 6H 06e36etiHO IbeH IIOp:lIaJlaH
paIl Je:
ex:s; 90 - P ( 4.17)
f.Qe .ie: p = arctg/-lo
,LLO - yrao TPCIbll H3Mcl]y TcpeTa H CKpeTl-iHue
KaKO cy BpeJ~HocTH yrna Tpelba 3" 1'0'1'0130 CBe :vw:repHj::lfle KojI-l ce TpaHcnopTyjy
:\1afbI-l O.Q 40° C;IC.QI1 !la jc MaKCHManHYI yrao 3aKpCTatba alliUX:S; 5(/. Kao
J-lajnoBOJhIlHjI-l yrJlOBH 1aKpeTatba HMajyhH y BH!'\y H llDTPCOHY )(Y)lGlHY CKPCTI-II-IUC
Y npaKcH ce YCBaj:uy yrnoBH ex = 251J -;- 45 0.
Pac-rojmbc (KopaK) TCpeTa Ha CKpCTHHLUf y OWlOCY lIa I'berDBO paCTojalbC (KopaK)
Ha TpaUI-lje:
I, = :2.. . I = co~'( a + P j . I ::;, a v cos P
MaKCHMaJIaH 6poj TepcTa Ha cKpeTHHl.(Y! je:
L, B cos p 17mox ::::- ()
I, sin a . cos a + p
B rJ.(e je: L, = -. - - .QY)KHHa CKpeTHHue
sll1a
MaKCH:vIaJIHO BpeMC KpeTaJ-ba TepeTa no CKPCTHI1UI1:
( 4.18)
(4.19)
56 TpallCllopllIllCl II npelll(}(IUJi/{(/ cpeOcrmw u ypehaju
7; L, B casp
1':s V sina . cos(a + p) (4.20 )
na Ol,j CC lTSBPUlHO npop:FIYH TpaKaCTHX TpaIlCnOpTcpa Mopajy jlCl!lHHHcaHH TC:-"ilWiKH [lOnaUI! a npc CE.:ra:
KanaUH',er Q,
BpCTa Tpat-IC110pTHOr MaTcpHja:la H nOgaUH 0 I-bCrOBHM "-d:,aKTcpHcTHKa:V18
Tpaca TpallcnopTepa (;lY:;'KHHa L, BHCHHa H H Yf'ao I-JaI'Yloa IX),
eKcnnoa'HWHOHI1 YCJlOBVf (BpeMe peWa Tpal'lcnop-rcpa, pa,z:(l·JH ycnoBH
TpaHC[lOpTepa, l-faLIHH yTonapa H HCToBapa).
BeJlHYHHC KOjc ce O)wcfjyjy npl1 OllIllTCM lIpOpaYyHy cy:
lllHpHlla TpaKe B,
oTnopH KPeTatba H nOTpeofla Cilara ,a KpeTalbe, BpCTa, 6poj H nOJlo/Ka) flOrOI-JCH1X oYOJ-beBa,
scnWIHI-Ja CHTla y KapaKTcpHcTWIHHM Ta'lKaMa TpaHcflopTepa (;\Hjal'paM
CHna flO KOlrrypH),
SpCTa H nOJIOfKaj 3aTC31lOI' ypcljaja H Seilll'-lHl-Ja Cl1ne 3aTC3alba,
gpeTa TpaHCrIOpTl-1C TpaKe (opoj HoccnHx cnojclla H 3alUTY1TIlI-l CI1oj),
npCL1HHL\H oyolbena H S<lJbaKa TpaJlCIlOpTcpa.
WHpJ.lila TpaKe y 3aSHCHOCTH 0:1 !FIMemHja MaTepHjana o11peljyje cc Ilpc:vw:
B 2: a + ( 5 (} ... I ()O )1J1/7I - J(OMa]J,H!-1 TepeT
B 2: (3.3 .. ·4,0)· a - pacYTH MaTepHjan
rne ,ie: a[m01] - MaKCHMaJlHa nl1MeH'3Hja TepeTa
EKCnJlOaTillJ,HOHH KaflalJ,HTeT KOjH M()}KC na oCTBapH TpallcnopTep ca lUYlPHl-iOM
TpaKe B 11 OP3HHOM KpCTatba v je onpefjcl-I mpa3HMa 3.5, 3.6. 3.7 H 3.8 (BH.l1H
nOfnaBJbe 3.0) OnHOCHO:
Q, = 3600· k, . k} . k, . ; [t / h] - KOMa)JHH MaTepHjaJl
Tpaf.:CICI71U I7IPU/tCilOpmepU 57
[J~C jc: k j = 0,4 -:- 0,9 - Koccl)y[UHjCIIT HcpaBIIoMcPllOCTH YToBapa
k: = 0,4 -:- 0,95 - KOCljHIL\HjcIIT HCKOpPlUJl1ClbJ Bpe:Vl':IIJ
k, = (),76 -:-1,0 ~ KOClpCllHljC1JT C"IJlbCH"a KJJICiU)1TCTLl 'soor llarVloa
TpaHcnopTepa (IX = ()'J -:-
q - cpCntba Bpe;UlocT ,vlace T.:peTa 110 nY:;'KHOM MCTpy
T - cpCntbe paCTojaJ-bc (KupaK) Tepe'Ja "a TpauYl
lIpopaLJYH []OTpeOHc CI-l:lrC 3a KpcTalf)c B]JllHl ce lia OCflOBY oJ1pel)Hs2ubil i:CJIW1Hlle
OTI10pa KOjH ce jaBJhajy KOJ1 TpaKacTHx TpallcrJ0liTcpa. OB~e he 0],-11'11 I1p"KCl3aHe
J\BC MCTOiJe 3a J1ecjmHYlCalbe O'fllopa O;lHOCIIO f1o-rpCOHe CHarc H TO MCTo:ra
OOHnaCKa KOHType, Kao TaLIHa MeTO)Ja 3a 3aBplUf-IC npOpa'lyHc H T3B. npHOm'lI-I)Kf-IH
npopa4yH KOjH ce KOPHCTH npH H3paJ1H H)JejHHx npojeKaTa.
4.3.1 MeTOl1.<l 06HJI::1C~-Ca KOfiTYPC (MCTo,Ua fIojC,Ulm::l'-l.HHX
OTfIopa)
OBa ivlCTo;:(a OMol'yl)yjc TClLlf'lIl1-ljC ogpe!)!malbe BCnWIYlIIa CHna y
KapaKTCpYlCTWHH1M TaLfKClMa '[paKe TpaHcnopTepa a 'laCHHBGl ee I-Ja O;JpcfjYlBal-bY
BenYlLfYlHLl OTfIopa Ha 1I0jCgYlI-lHM ~e;lOBI'IMa Tpal-lCnOpTCpa KpehyhH ce flO KOlrrypH
Y cMepy KpeTcllba TpaKC
300r CBOf 'SHa4Clja OBa MeTO!\3 he OHTJ.-l ~eT::UhHO oopal)cHil y llapC,'l,Ho:vl TCKCTY,
npH LICMY ce Kao OCllOBlHl npoone~1 jaBc1,a Ol\pefjHBalbc oTllopa KpCTafba. OTrIOPH
KpeTaH,a ce npcMa CBOM KapaK'fepy ;~eJlC Ha 110Lly"mc H !IOK2lJll1e.
4.3.1.1 HOHY/KHH OTIWpU
rIO!.(Y)KHH OTIIOPH ce jaBJhajy Ha onpefjeHHM nY:;'KI1lJa:VJa TpaHcliopTepa
KapaKTepHCTWfHOf o6nHKa. Pa3JlYll{yjy ce OTrIOPH I-la XopH30I-rraJIHOM ;leny, KOCOM
i:(C"~y H OTl10PH Y KPHBYlJ-lH. Y CYUlTHHH OllYl npCnCTaSJbajy 30HP JlOKClm-H1X oTnopa
KOjl1 ce ,iaBJl,ajy Ha BaJhlJ,YlMa nOCTaBJhCf-Il1M I·la KapaKTepHcTwlHHM gY)KYlHaMa.
.1 OTIIOPM na XOPIHOHT3JIHOM }~eJIy TpaHcnopTepa
O)JpeljHBaH,e OBHX OTnopa H3BPUlHhc ce KOPHcTcllH ClHaJTOrHjy ca OT[lOPOM
KOTpJbaI-l,a T04Ka no .l1eCpOpMaOHJ1Hoj []O)JJl03H. Ha cn. 4.21 npCnCTaSJbel-lO jc
ollTepCneI-be BaJbKa npH pany. rIpH l1eCPI1lIHcatbY oTllopa flocMaTpal1e ce
58 7jlClllc17opn7lla u npemO(lUIi/{(f Cpe()cl7l(W U ypel;aju
paBHOMepHO orrrepelleH TpaKaCTI1 TPiHICflopTep ca CpeL(fbl1M orrrepei1elbe!Vl
Ai ) I} = T [kg'/ III (BI1Xjl1 flOL1:tBJbe 3
v
v qo q / .Ni
. ;:. S
o s; i! i i
:.-____ 9 ___ . -.J
C.'!UKLI 4.21. Onmepenerbe IW/bIW Ita XOPU30lIl7WJ/llO.11 ()e.'IY
3001' neqlopMaul1je nOlbe 06no1'e Tpm(e flPH npeJiacKy npeKo B,UbKa PC'3YJ1Talrra
cl1ne flpHHlcKa Ha BaJbaK (N, ) Henenyje y flpaBlW oce BaJbKa Bell.ic nOMcpeHa 3a
BenWIHHY (f) KOjy Ha3l1BaMO KpaKOM OTllopa KOTpJb3lb(L AKO cc nOCMaTpa
paBHOTC)Ka MOMeHaTa CHJla KOjC ornepellyjy 1)aJbaK 3a ocy oopTarba BaJbKa Mo/Ke ce
f·r arm CaTH:
L1S.;.~=V .j·+F,'~ ) 'I "7
KaKO je OL1a Tpel-ba y nCfKHurry BaJbK(l Po = (iV, + roplber YI3pa3a ce :~o6Hja:
)')l HaKOH cpef)HBmba
( . ) (2. I dol 68 ""IN.+G . . -' + 11·-1 [N] , \. " d r d)
r,]c je: LlS j [IV] - OTfJOp BaJbKa,
d [mm] - npeYHHK BLlJbKa,
do [mm] - npec!Hl1K Ba KOMe ce jaBSbGl Tpel-be y Jle)KHWTY BaJbKa,
Fn [N] - CHJla TpCl-ba y nejKl1WTY BaJbKa,
)l - KocQll1l(l1jeHT TpCf-ba y ne)KHUlTY Bao'bKa,
Nj [N] -omepeliel-be jC,Il,HOr BaJbKa Te)KI1HOM TpaKe 11 MaTcpHjasla,
G/I [N] -Tc)KHHa 06pnlHx nenOBa B(lJbKa.
(4.21 )
I
TpaKClcmu IIIPCIlICI10pmepU 59
MefjYHIM, KaKO .iC Y peaJIlIi1M YCJlOBWI!a BeOMa TCIUKO o'[(pe,[(YlTYl KpaK OTrIOpa
KOTpJbal1,Zl, jep 3aBYlCYl on ,QcooDYlHe Yl TBp'[(oile 1'YMel-re 06nore 11 BeJUFlYlHe CMIra Y
Tpauu, a T8Kol)e l1 KoetjlYlljujellT TpelLa Y ne)I01UlTY B(lJLKa (J-L)' 3001' YTYlL(<l:la
ycnoBa pana (He'-lUCTone" .. ), y I1paKCI1 ce Beo!Vw LfCCTO KOPYICTI1 H3p,n:
~!.S, = (JV, + G(;). c (4.22)
d
2 d{) + )1 . - H<13HBa KOC(IHIllHjCHTOM oTflopa KpcTcHba
d TpaKe. BpenHocTU KOCcilYlUHjcHTa oTflopa KpeTaIba (c) y 3aBHCHOCTH O.n ycnoBa
pana naTe cy Y Taoem, TA.5.
T -4.5. KOeCpl1l.J,1·0ellT OTrIOpa Kpe,afba ( c ) ~~----~----------~-----------------,
I I YcnOBH
I pa~a I KaparuepHCTHKC panrHlX YCj[oBa
KoecjH1l(HjeHT
Bao'bClKa (c)
OTI10pa
I
•
I TpaKe paBrrl1X OJfyC!aCrHX
1
I I ,L(06PH
Pa~ y crHcToj CYBOj Cpe.QHIlH llpH I OnCYCTBY HaCJlara MaTepHjaJla Ha TpaL\H I
H BLl.:'bl(HMLl I 0.018 0,020
I
Cpem-bH
TCUlKH
Pag y YCJfOBHMa HC3arpeBaHe cpe.QHHC I HOpM(L;lHe BnmKHOCTH. ca ;v1aJlHM i KOJIVJ1-lHI-l(l:vla HC1CJlara
Pa~1. Y He3arpeBalfOj cpe;1.YlHH Ba I
CflOJ'blbCM Ba3.QYXY ca flPYlCYCTBOM Betle I t
0.022
KOJlI1YI1He Hacnara, nOBel1aHa BJlaj[{HOcT! 0,035 H Apynl (]lanopH KOJH yTf.1LIY HU I KpcTmbe TpaKe 11 paJ\ j[C)KHWTa !
0,025
0,040
AKO cc Ha nocMaTpaHoj nY)KHHH (/) HaSla3H (11) B<UbaK2l yKynaH nOf1.)')[(HH OTI10P
611 6r,1O:
/I
LlS = ILlS, ,=1
KaKO ce H2l KapaKTepHcTH'-IHoj J\YjKHHI1 TpaHcflopTepa H2lna3e HCTI1 B2lJbUH, ca
I1CTHM oflTepel1ef-beM 11 Koecjll1UHjcHToM OTflopa, OHna .ie:
& = 11' &, = /1. (N, + G(J· c ( 4.23)
60 TpallCIJOpmllU 1I npeIllO(!(Ij)/W CjJe(}Cll!liO U Jpef;aju
1 , . f;xe .Ie: 11:::; - - GpOJ B,Ub,lIGl lIa rloC/,1(rrpal!o.l JXY)KHI-II!,
I
J - KapaKTCpYlCTWlllil ,'\Y)KHl-la ila KOjOj CC OTIIOP
Cpcl)HBalbcM 1i3pa'la (4.23) OTfiOP IJa XOpI1301IT~lSI1!UM ~\CJIY TpaKc cc MO)KC
Ham!Cani Y
LlS = (j, ' j.; . 1 . e-
npl! llCMY TC)KvI!JY rJOlZPCTHIiX ,E\C;lOl3a TpaHCliopTcpa rIO '\y)KiIOivl ivlCTPY ((I,) Y31! ,v! LITf1:
-. . Gil [k . 1 {jf=Gj+Gj()+-- g/I1IJ
j.; . t
- 1l0BpaTHa cTpaHCl
(4.25 )
( Lf26)
f,QC .Ic: !\ = g . (q + q(})'1 [N 1 - orlTcpcliclhC jC,QIIOI' BClfblCI ,ola PCl,QI-IO) CTpalJl1
TpaKe Te)KYlliOM Mirrepl1JHnil Yl TpaKC,
N~ = g. iff) . II' [N] - olrrepehcH,e jCW!OI' BClJbKa !ill rlOfspaTlloj CTP:Ulf1
rpClKC TC)l{yIlI01V! TpaKc,
r 1 ., t, II' [illj - KopaK BHJ1,Ka IlCl pa~(IIOII1 nOBpaT!-IOj C-rpalll1 TpaKC.
Zj, q(i [kg / /71] - TC)KI1HC TpaKc Yl 'vlaTcpHjaJla IlO ;XY)KHOM :>ICT])y.
G P' G!l [N] - TC)KHHC 06PTHflX ncnOBa BClJbaKa l·ra 110BpaTHOi H paw-to]
CTpaHH.
7j!OK{fOIiU ilipaliCll0jJiliepU 61
OTlIOPll na KOCOM (uanlYTOM) .'JCJlY TpaHCllopTcpa
s
CnHYHO Kao y npcTxoJJ.I-IOM CJIyLlajy MO)l(C cc Wl YC:losa paS!IOTC}l(C O.'JpCX\l1TYl
OTflOP KpeTCllba TpaKc npeKo jc:mor BilJbKCl ca TYlM WTO cc Y OBOM JaB!ba 11
KOMIlOl'ICI!Ta TC)K!1!-!C MclTCpHjaJlCl Yl TpaKc Y npaBqy KPCTIH'I,H:
"(' \.,y .J.. (' "\ C' 'I'vT I'ill'" !'LhVu' J()}' I to. v~
AKO IIC1 lIocMClTpaHoj .:1Y)KHHH y!Ma II'"
!1,)' = !.L. (lV; 'coso: + f
)·c+ ·N, . sino:
I AKOCCl-iMaYlmI\Y:lajeI1 =-- H h=I,
COSCi.
pa;lHY 1--1 nOBpaTHY c-rpm'IY YI HClKOH cpetjl1BaH,a CC I\o6f!ja:
- pa}..(Jla CTpar·ra
LIS = r q + Cjf) + Grr \)i, g·1 . c ± (q + C/())' g ,h [N] \ g·f /
- nOBpaTHa CTpaI-!a
( G '\
,::1S= "1' +_I'_I·(}"·j,c+q ,(}"·h [N] () I <.'"> - I) b
~ g ,11')
(4.27)
( 4.28)
62 TpaIlCI10p17111Cl u npemOlJapl1Cl CPCC)cI7I()[[ II ypehoju
r)le.ic (h) BHCHHCKa pa3JIl1Ka a (1) XOPI'130HTaJIHa npojeKllHja nocMaTpaHe AY)KHHe
Kocor )leIla TpaHcrropTcpa. Y ;:rpyroM 'lnaHY ce 3HaK (+) Y3l1Ma aKO cc npY! KpcTalbY
BPWI1 H3)lH3aJ-bC. a 3HaK (-) aKO ce BPWl1 cnYWTafbC MaTcpHjana.
rJOPCljCI'bCNI I13pa'3a (4.24) ca (4.27) M())KC cc 3aKJbYI.lH'm,;:(a ce OTI10P H:1 [tartly-roM
)lcny TpaHcnopTepa cacTojH OX( OTnopa Kojl1 onroBapa oTnopy Ba XOpH30HTaJIEOM
DC;'!Y (XOpl130HTanHa npojcKuHja) H urnopa KOjH ODrOBapa Tc/KHIH1
'VlaTCpl1jarra YCJJCD BHCHHCKe pa.3J1l1Ke KpajI-bHX Tal.lalGL
.3 OTIIOP Y KpuBlHln TpancnopTcpa
KPHBHHC cy DCnOBI1 Tpal-lCnOpTCpa KOjK o'Vloryiiyjy npCJla3aK m jeDHor y LlPyrl1
npaBau KpeTafba. ibKXOBOM KOM6.malll1joM ca XOpWlOIlTJm lHM !1 K001l"vi ;(eJIOllHMa
mwrynaBa cc C!lopMHpalbc npml'lBOJbHC Tpace \' BCpTYIKamloj pallEH. rJpCMa
OOJlHKY pa3J1Hl(yjeMo KOHKaBI!e (YfWOJbCHC) H KOHBCKCHe (HcnYWieHe) KpYlBYlHe.
Ha C;1. 4.23 npl1Ka3aHH cy OCHOBHH OOSU1Ll.H KpI1BHHa.
I v
/! i ~f ....J iR i '.' w--, ! 1 'I i ", \, R2 i u~ ".~'0
"\J
0) 1» ?)
C1
JI1Il{U 4.23. ()CIIO()lfU OO.i/UL!lf "-j7UBlilfa: {}.6 - KOI!F:OCftC; () ,? - l\.oJ/ueF:Cl/e
OH cc u'iI-peUfLIi1 amopH y KpHBl1!lH Ilocwrrpal1c cc KOHBeKCH<1 KpHBHHa H
oW'oBapajyl1a omepel'lelLa, CfI. 4.24. l'i:lBoI)elbe ne 6HTH ypaf]ello lla OCilOBY
aHanOrI-Ije ca oTnopoM Ha KOCOM Z(eny. f\1mKc ce npl'l6JIH)KHO Y3eTH Z(a je OTllOP
jC)lHaK OTllOpy KOjH OH cc jaBHo npH KpeTalbY TepeTa no CflOjHHUH KpajlbHx Ta'taKa
KpHBl1He (i) H (h-l), npe~m H3pa3HMa 4.27 OIll-lOCHO 4.28 Kao OTIlOP Ha KOCOM j],eny. ,L\o,'J,aTHH YTl111aj KpHBl1He cc MallHClleCTyje Kp03 floBellalbe npHTHcKa Ha BaJbKe
(dN"). KaKO je Ha OCl-lOBY paBHOTe)KHOr nOJJHrOHa Cl1na y 06nl1KY paBI!OKpaKOf'
Tpoyrna, cn. 4.266 senWll1l-1a eneMel-lTapHC Cl1J1C npHH1CKa dN" ~ S· d(a), liHTerpaIlCI-beM OBor H3pa.3a DooHja ce yKynHa HopMaJ1Ha Cl1JJa npHTHCKa, Kao
nocne,L(Hua AOAaTI-lOr YTHllaja KpHBHHe. Kao:
lVII== S· a
OAHOCHO oAroBapajyl1H ,Qeo OTnopa KpeTaI-bY:
~" ==S·c·a
TpOKaClllU 171jXIIICI1Upmepu 63
S+dS
aJ 6)
Cmll,a 4.24. OlJl11epenel-bCl y "PUIJUIIU
,L\ollajynH Y H3pa.3HMa 4.27 H 4.28 YTHuaj nOBcnaH,a (cMaI-bClba) CHnc npHTHcKa Ha
BaObKe npHOnYl)KaH o6pa3au 3a oAp(1)HBaI-be OTrIOpa y KpHBHHI1 je:
3a pai\llY CTpaHY
~ (~Gn 1/ \ 65 == I q + q" + -1- . g ·lk . c ± ,Cj + qo J. g. hie ± S· c· a
\. • Ii.>!
(4.29)
nOBpanla cTpalla
(4.30)
npl1 'leMY cc flpBa ilBa 'IJIaHa rOpI-bHX H3pa3a ODHOCC Ha OTflOP Kocor ,Qena KpHBl1He
a Tpl1l1 'lJlaH Ba AO,QaTHH YTl111aj KpHBHHe. D03HTHBaH 3HaK Tpel'ier 'lfiaHa ce Y3HMa
YKOJlHKO je Kpl1BHHa KOHBeKCHa (rroBcllaI-be npHTHcKa Ha BaJbKe) a Her3THB3H 3HaK
ce Y3l1Ma KO,Q KOHKaBHe KpHBHHe jep AOI!a3l1 AO CMaI-belLa npHTHCKa ycnc,Q CHJla Y
TpaUH. PaAH npernenHOCTH Ha CfI. 4.25 cy naTl1, 3a OCHOBHe 06J1HKe KpHBl1Ha,
KapaKTep npyrof' H Tpel1er 'lfiaHa y H3pa3HMa (4.29) l1 (4.30).
6-1 TpaIlCYlOj!1JI11U II rtpel7l(J(WplW cpeeJcJJliJO 1I vpelJ(lju
II>D.III,·I) 11>0.111<0
II "'0, III !1<O,lllce()
C'lL1KU 4.25. O()pe/711ea;be ]I!O!;U '1,'W11()(!LlV mpmu\w (:/,]9) 11(-1.30)
4.3.1.2 JloKamuI oTHopn
nOKiU1H11 OTllOpYl cy Be3aHI1 3a KapaKTepHCTI1Yfl" \;,'CTa TpaHClloprcpa Kao 111TO cy:
6YOlbCBI1, YTOBapHO MCCTO il YlCTOBapI!O Mccro Yl YYlCTayYl TpaKc.
.1 OTllOP Ha 6you,y
O'mop Ha 6yOfby Ce jaBJba ycnc!~ Tpelb3 y SrC)KYllU'TY Gy6lba 11 ry6lHCiKa ',601'
KPYTOCTH TpaKC npH IbCHOM llpenacKY npcKo 6yolba. Ha CL 4.26 je npIIKa3aHo
ollTepefiCf-Le 6y6lba.
BCmFI!1l'W OT1l0pa OOPTafbY 6yolba ycncn o'mopa Y IbcrOBOM :IC)KHUlTY :V!())Ke ce
oJlpeJu-rm Yl3 ycnoBa paBfIOTC}KC 3a ocy o6pT01lba (OyOll>"). HaKoH CpelJllBaIbil ce
;106 Hja:
').1' D
Cnllw 4,26. Ol7l110P 6y61bCl
TpaKaCI11U I7ljiCllICI10pmepU 65
dl! _ IlpeYHYlK lla KO,\le ce jaBJha TpetbC Y SrC>HlIIHY 6y6fb(\.
Gh _ TeJKIlHa 06PTHHX !J,CJlOB:l 0YOlhZ\,
- CYU1C Y HaI1J1a'lIIOM Oi(l!OCHO CYlJW3110\1 KpaKY TPaJ(C ca Gy6lbfl,
KaKO jc TC)KHHa OOPTlll1X nCJlClBa OYOlba ( G) ;j<1!1CI<O :,1<11ba O~\ CyUTa Y TpaWI \lQ)](e
CC, )"3 ,lanc rpeUlKe. 3aHe:\lapYlTYl 11 1'101 OCIIOBY CJ!. 4.26 flalUlCaTYI:
.a .:': 2'S, . SIJI-
2
,I<" ? (' di}. a ~) =-'''1 'jl'-'Sli1-
D ]
3601' KpyrocfH Yl yHYTpaUllhcr TpcI'ba y C3MOJ TpauYl jaBshajy cc ry6YlUYl llpH
ILCHOM CaBYljalLY Yl llpcmlcKY npeKO 6y61La. Y C;leJ~ KPYTOCTYl KpaK cyme y TpaUYl y
IlaYIna'31lOj Ta'IKH lIa 6y6011L jc BcliYl Oll KpGlK~l CHile y CWIGl3HOj TWlhJl ca 6y61bGl, cn. 4.27, na .Ie lloBehalbc Cl1nc OJ\HOCHO OTIlOP ycnc,LI, KpyrocrH TpaKe
npollop1IHolIanaH BCSIHLIUHU CYI!Ie y lIGlUo'1Cl3HOj Til'IKI1.
, a2
~'ol_ --'\---:- ... s ,/ j -"" 1,'+1,
/ . " \ . ....... r--l '~J '.0/2 ia '
i ........ j1 ..... 1_. __ . ,_ j , .
t S I
C'lliKO 4,27. Ol7ll10PU YClec) ;'PYIJ70Cl1lll mpm;e
OpjeHTaUl10HO OTllOP ycne,Ll, KPYTOCTI1 TpaKe cc M()}Ke Onpe,Ll,I1Hl npcMa:
mC je k - KoecpHUYljeHT KPYTOCTH TpaKc
DpeiVW TOMe yKynaJ-! OTnop WI6YOI-LY> LlS = LlS' + LIS" je:
(4.3] )
(4,32)
66 TpmIC!70!)lJIIIU 1I IlpelllOCaplla cperJclJlea u ype~oiu
r!le je: do . a
p = 2· }I' -' SII1- + k - Koeejll1LlHjeIIT oTllopa oyon,a. D 2
(4.33)
Y npaKcH ce BPC,'lHOCTH KoccjlYlllHieJrra oTllopa OYOlba Mory OPf1jcIIT(lUHOHO Y3CTH
Y 3aBHCHOCTf1 0;\ BcnW1HHC ooyxBanlOr ymCl TpaI(e (ll), KilO lIajynlL(ajlmjcr napa:v:eTpa Y lBpa:>y (4.33), npcMa:
p = (),()5 + OJ)6 3a a:2: 18()O
p = (),()2 + ()JJ3 3a a < 90°
. 2 OTlIOP n3 yroBapllO\l MCCTY
Ha YToBap!-IoM MecTY, y 3aBf1CllOCTH OA HaY!1Ha YToBapa, ce jaBJhajy o-rrIOPf1 3001'
pa3J1!1Ke Y OP3!1Hf1 KpCTal-ba TpaKC H MaTcpHjaJla KOjH il,OCneBa Hil l'bY TaKO flit ce
jeAilH !leo eHeprHjc TpOWH !-Ia yOp3aJbC McrrepHjaJIa a APyrH CC, nyrcM Tpe!bil, npCTBilpa Y TOIUIOTY, cn. 4.28.
(.) C'lUKO Q.28. Ep:wlle ZI OIlIflOPU llil vmo(J0pIIWd .'"ICCIIIY
KOL\ KOMaAIIOI' TcpcTa OTrlOP Hil yroBapHoM Mccry npcJ\cTaBJha yKyflHy
aTxe3HoHY CHSIY H3Mel)y TepeTa H CTpaIle Koja BPllJH yop3albe i\CJla TepeTa ca YOp3ilJ'beM a = g - f .
ITpeljcHH flyT TcpcTa (.1'1/1 ) Ha TpmLH 3a BpeMc yop3alba (I" ) je:
me JC: v - op3HHa TpaKe
v 0 - KOMflOHHTa 6P3HHC TcpeTa y npaBu,y TpaKC
TpOK(lcmu mparICi7oj7mepu 157
v - v V -VI / = ___ 0- = ___ ) _ Bpe!lle yOp3Clcb3 U a g.f
AKO jc pa3MaK H3MCl)y Tcpera (KOpaK) Berm 01~ nyra y6rJ'l(1I'LGl (y6p3aBCl CC caMO
jC:lilH Tcpn) OII}1a je OTrIOP Ha YTOBapHOM Mcery:
cC1S = F, . f = (J . f = /V! . g . f (4.34)
AKO je pa3,"'lilK lB~lCl)y Tcpna Marr,j.j 0):( rryra y6P:lCll-bLl (yop3cwa CC Belin 6poj
TcpcTa) oHJLa je:
," "" C" f' ..:J..) = L.. Ii· .
r,J,c jc: I G, = 11' G j - yKynall Teper KOJH cc yop3aBa,
KaKO jc 6poj Tcpna KOjH cc yop3aBa:
Sill V + v(j 11=-=-=--_-,1
T 2T U
v+- Vo v - v{j --_.---
2T f!' f
OTIlOP Ha YTOBapHoM MecTY jc:
, , V- - v
I)-
&= ··G 2·T·g (4.35)
KOi\ pacyTlIX M3Tcpujana oTnop ce ~rmKe o;'J,peAYlTH Ha OCIIOllY 3(tKOHc( 0
Oi\P;'KaJb Y CHCprYlJc.
KvlHcTHLIKa cHcpmja \;IaTCpl1jaJICl Je:
)
v-Ek = li1 . ---"-
2
Q (v .:. Vr,)( v - vi' )
3,6 2
Pa,J, CYlnc Tpel""a IlpH K.J1H3aIbY M(rrepYljanGt riO Tpa!~Yl Y O,ClHOCY lla KHHeTHYKY
cHcprHjy MGtTCpl1jana cc H3pmKaBa npcKo OiJ,Hoca nyra lU1H3a!-ba Sk H nyra
MaTepHjasra 3a BpeMe y6p3acba .I'll" jcp jc:
Pai\ ai\Xe3YlOHC CHIIC (CYlila TpeCha) je:
COnCTBeH<l KHHeTWIKa eHeprHja npH y6p3afby je:
68 T'pU/lC/lOjil7l/1U II IIpCmUUOpflU CpCOCl'lllW u ypchoju
V-i'O
2 v-
2
O,'ll-IOCHO:
v-v{)
v+ Vo
Y KYll!I8. eHeprHja cc MO)KC 113pa3l1TYI Kao 30HP Koja cc rYOH 3001'
l(;m3ClIGH YI flpeTBapa Y TOllJlo-ry, H caOflurreHC KHHCTWJKe el-lCpnlje. OIJJIOCI-lO:
E= +
YKYrIl-la eHepl'Hja CC HaJl0KHafjyjc paL(O,vl OUlC OT!Jopa lift YTOEapHOM MCCTY Y
Je,'.lHl-lHUH BpeMel-la:
~jS·v= +
HaKOI-! cpcfjvlBaIba nOOl1ja ce HCTH lnpa:o IG10 H KO.Q KOMaJJI-lOr M~lTCpHjana
c 0 ( \ c:b =-=-- V-i'.I.cp 3.6 Ii /
(436)
l,'Ie JC ~J - KOCc!IHL(HjCH'r oTnopa !let yToBaplJo!vl MecTY Y
:vICCT\' rrocrojc BofjYlL\e 3a YCMepaBillbc
H3 HCTOBapllOil! Mec-ry
OnlOp Ha HCToBapHoM .vleeTY cc oj(pel)yje y :';ClBHCIiOCTH 0,'.( upcrc lICTO!lapHo)'
ypc1)aja.
Y cnYLlajy HCToBapa I-Ia 'ICOHOM (KpajlbeM) 6v6H,v OTflOP .ie jeW'lal< HyJlv!. l]S = () .
cn.4.18.
J-Ja OCI-lOBY pe3MaTparba jJaTHX y TClLIl\H 4.27 onpfjyje ce OTIIOP KJlH311C CKpeTHYlUe
O,'lHOCHO flJlY)lmOr HCToBapHBaya. rIpH HCToBapy KOMaWlOr TepeTa oEaj OTflOP
npenCTaBJba KOMlloHeHTY CHJle TpcH,a y npaBL\)' KpeTGll-beI TpaKe, cn. 4.29, H
113l-!OCI1:
cJS, = Fir' cos j3 = f~r cos[W) - (a + P )]
Tpmwc17IU mpWICI10pmepu
KaKO je cYina Tpelba jeLI.llaKa aTXe'3HOlloj CHJn1 OTIIUP HCl CKPCTHHL(H
cJS i = 111 . g . f . co.>[90 - (a + p)]
Y cnyyajy Beher opoja Tepn-a lJa C)(peTlIUUU OTllUP 011 OHO:
cJS! = IIln<l.\ . 1J1. g. f . cos[90 - (a + p;]
69
(4.37)
(4.38)
nle je nil"" MaKCI1:vliUlllfl opoj TcpcTa HeI CKpeTI-IHllvl Uflpcl)cH Inpa30\1 (4.19)
Ftr=Gf
Cmllca -1.29. R.:nmlU CJ(PCIIII!UlICl
KaKo jc Bell Y nOI'JiaB;f:,Y 4.2. 7 HaBCi~CllO <leU! OBf'(C H3pa;'KCI-fO npeKo ClIna, YCjIOB :sa
HOp~[aJlall pa;~ CKPCTIfHL(C oe3 nOJ'Olla, ce I1ClTpc6uM ;:ra 3ClKOlIlCI-be
HenOKpeTJre nOBpluHHC cKpeTilHL\e Y o;mocy IICl Y3JJy;-KIIY ocy -rpaKc TpaHcllopTepa
(et) TaKBO JICl CHJla KOjGl I-la Tepcl' ILY;-K CKPCTIIHUe ( F, ) celia Of.(
) Koia ce cynpoTCTClBJbGl lloMcpalbY TepeTa no
CKIJTHl1!.LVI O,lHOCI-lO F, > KaKo je CH.na !ill CKpeTIIllL\H nOCHt:j.\vlua KO~1I101le!!Ta
CHne Tpel-be H3Mel)y TpaKe VI TepCTa CJlCll.H:
F, =G·f·cosa
):lOK.ie CI-lITa Tpel-La Ha CKpCnlHL\l1:
F'i =Fy 'f, =G·f·sina·f,
HaKOH cpeJ)HBafb<l CJle,'lH na je ycnoR nOMepaJ-h<l Tepera .ny/K CKpeTHYIL\e
cos a > sin a . f,·. O.QHOCI-lO
Iga < f = clf!.p HJlYJ
a < YOIJ - P lIlTO O.QfOBapa pal-lYlje HaBe~,\eIIOiVI ycnOBY y 4.27 il<l je j3?: 0 .
70 TpCmC!70j7l7i1lCl u npe/J10e0J71iCl cpedcl1l(w II ypeijoju
CIe Je:
f - KOec[munjellT Tpelba wlMeljy TepeT;} H TpaKC
- KoecjmL(HjellT Tpel'b;} Yl3Meljy TepeTa H CKpeTllHue
p = arclgj, - yrao Tpelba KOjl1 o;J,rOgapa Koecjml\Hjewry TpeH,a TCpeTa 0
HenOKpeTHY BCpTYlKaJllIY paBal! CKPCTHHl\e (l- ).
3a pacym :VWTCpYljan :v!o/Ke Y3CTI1. npeMa eKCnCpl1!VICHTcUIllHM l1CmHl1Balbl1iYIa, ira
OTIlOP opjcHTaU110HO H'3110CH:
c'\S=(25~35)·q·B (4.39)
r.Qe .Ie: q [kg! m 1 -Maca MaTepnjana flO .QY)KHOM MCTPY TpaHcnopTcpa.
B [111] - WHpHHa TpaKe
.4 Onpeljfman,e CHJIa Y Tpaun 1:1 nOTpeonc CHare 3a KpCTm'hC
KaKO je HaBegeHO CH,le y TpaUH Tp3KaCTor TP3HC110pTeTa OLlpetjyjy ce MCTO,QOM
061LlaCKa KOHType O,QHOCHO MCTO,QOM llojel\I1Ha4HI1X OTriOpa Kpeliynl1 ce 0,Q jC.Qfle,
npOH3BOJf>HO 113a6paHe Ta4Ke y c:vrepy Kpcnll'ba TpaKe. 3601' Tora je no-rpe6l!0
H3BpUlHTH HYMepaUl1jy KapalCrepfiCTWIHHX TaLlaKa Koje :WqJHIHHlJY )\eno.13e Hnl1
eJ1eMeHTC TpaHcnopTepa 3a KOJe je, npe:vw npeTXO,QW1M aHanH'3a:vr,l, Moryhe
B3pa4YHaTH BeJ1W!HHY o.Tllopa.
YlaKo je B360p flo.na3He T3LlKe llP0l13BOlb3H 3601" oApeljellBx flO!'O}..\HOCTH
npenopycryje ce ,Ua TO. 6Y.Qe 11J111 nma3Ha T3cfKa ca nOfOHCKor 6y6lba HJll1 TaLIKa ca
MI1HI1~'IaJIHOM CHJfOM Ha pagHOj CTpaHI1 TpaKC.
Ha cn. 4.30 npl1Ka3aH je TpaKacTH TpaHcnopTep cno/KeHe Tpace ca HYMepHC3Hl1M
KapaKTepl1CTWIHHM Ta4KaJ'vla H DHjarpaMcKHM npHK330M CHJla y TpaL\l1.
Y'!3pal.JYHaBajynl1 o.Tl10pe Ha nojeAI1HI1M ,QeJ10BHMa TPaIIC[]OpTepa, rIOJla3enH O[~
Cl1na3He T3 LlKe ca norOfICKor 6y61'ba (2), ,Qo6Hjajy ce cyme y O'lHa4eHHM
KapaKTepHCTH4Hm! Ta4KaMa Y cjJYHKUnjH S,:
( 4.40)
fAe je: Xi' VI - 6pojHe Bpe,[(HocTH ql3KTopa Iwje 3aBHce 0,[( BenWlHHe OTrIOpa.
TpOfaicniu mpCI!ICI10pmepu 71
Cn/f;U 4.30. CWle y II'lpm/u mpClJIClloj!l!lepU
Ha oBa.! Ha'mH ce .Qo6Hja CHCTe:v! jeJ(!IClLll1IJa LiHjl1 je 6poj jC.lHlaK 6pojy
KapaKrepHcTwIHi1X TClLlaKa. 3a .Q06HjClH)e pewefba nOTpe6Ho je YBecTH jow jegiUI, ,D,O.L\anlH ycnoB.
YC,10Bl1 ,D,a Ha nOrOl-lCKOM 6y6lby He .Qo!je 110 K!lH3mba TpaKc cy :~CT<lJbHO pa3Ma:rpaHI1 Y nOrnaBJbY 4.2.4. f1PI1 TOMe je .QecpHHI1Call CTeneH CHrypHOCTH npOTI1B npOKJ1H32HliUba y 06JfHKY:
O,QHOCHO:
).)'1, en·a -1 ~<;,l+---S, 1.25
(4.41 )
YKOJlI1KO HHje 3a,QOBOJbell YCJfOB (4.41) Mopa cc Me~baTH HJlH KOCCPl1qHjCHT Tpel'ba
o6nararbeM 6y6~ba CPPI1KQHOHHM MaTepHj3JIHMa l1JlH nOBcl1aBaTI1 06YXBClTIll1 yrao
npenacKOM Ha ,D,Bo6y6af-bCKI1 nOf'0I-1 HJll1 nOBel1aTH 3aTe3aJ-be TpaKe. OBO
nO,QeUlaBaH,e n3paMeTapa norOHa ce BPWH ,D,OKne fOJ~ ce He 3a,QOBOJbl1 penaUHja (4.41).
TIoTpe6Ba CH3ra norOHCK01' MOTopa je:
U·v p=-
77
r,D,e Je: U = Sf - S7 - 06l1MHa CHJfa Ha nOrOHCKo.M 6y6f-by,
(4.42)
7) 1-
7jJClltCJ70PIllIICI 1II1peJilU(!C/pIIO lpe()cnWo II ypeljaju
v - 6V3l1113 KPCT31b3 TpaKC.
I} - CTelleH HCKOpvlUJl1Clh3 nOf'OllCKOr iVIeX3r'IU3!YI,L
rJllTpeOll<l cuna 3aTC3JJOJ' ypel)aja. y 3GlBHCHOCTl:! O!J. IhcrOllO], I JOJ1())ICtja,
Ce Kao 30vlP cllna y oJ.\roBapajyllwvl T'1'·IK3iYIa TpaKe. TalCo ,ct npl:l""cp npvlK,naH fin
cn. 4.30 IlC)TPC6I-ICl CylJ!a 3aTe31fOr yp(1)ajajc:
= S, + Sc = (.Y, + x- ). Sl + V" + v-
fIpOl'lcpa 6poja IIocdmx c;lojeBa TpaKc cc M())KC H3spwlrrfl Ha OCI-IOBY ,raKCHiVI<1JllIC
CliJ1C npeMa oopacuy (4.1).
0pHjeHTaUHOW\ SPC;l,HOCT KO'-IHOHor MOMCIrra ce o;we1)yjc fIn OCllOBY:
lvi, =CJ·g·H· ~ [N/m] (4,43) c;
r.uc Je: H [111] - MaKCYlMClJlHCl BI1CHHCKa pa3mlKa TCl'-ICtKa '[paKe ca MaTcpHjaIJOM.
D [m] - npe'-lHYlK norOfiCKor oy61·ba.
4.3.2 flOH6JUDKHO o)],perm.s:cuhe OT110pa Ii . . , CBa:re 3l:l
(penUhe
OBa spcTa npopaLfyI-Ia cc KOPHCTH OHI-1Cl Ka;l,a cy 1l0TpeoHH caMO opjeIITClL(Y10HY!
lJo;:r,aL\fi 0 BenWIHHH CHare TpaHcnopTepa pa;rH oLlpel)Hsalba HImec-nml-IOl-lHX HJlH
...eJicnnOaTarH10HHX TpowKosa npH H3paJ.H IUejIlliX npojeKaTa. lIpHonYDKClll
npopaLIyII gerlH1HHwc lye M.J~2.()50.
YKynHfl 1l0):(Y)IOIH OTflOPH cc OHpe!jyjy :lll UCJlY Tpacy TpaHcnopTepa IIa OCIIOBY
KOpHf'OSaHOr H3pa'32 3a OTllope Hf! ](OCOM JJ:eny TpaIlcnopTepa (4.27) H t 4.28) TaKO
.ua cy OTrlOPH Tj. o6HMHa CHJla (U j ) je.uHaKH:
(4,44)
r;le JC: fJ - ¢aKTop n0l3el1al'ba By'-lHe cmIe KOjH Y3l1Ma y 003l1P cnopc;:Ulc oTrJope y
noroHY TpaHcnopTcpa.
Jil _ Koec[mUHjeHT TpeI-ba y JlC)KI1111THMa oy6l-beBa. BaJbClKa, YlTQ.
L - ):(Y)!(HHa TpaHcnopTepa (0[( oec ):(0 oce KpajI-bHX 6yolbeBa).
Tpm:acmu I7IPOllCl10pll1epli 73
i (Gil G/, [ 1 CJ, =2'qo +-'1 -+-' kg/m
g ~ til I;, nOKpCTHYlX
TpallcllopTcpa,
1Jo [kg / in 1 - 'I1acCl TpaKc flO ;:(Y)KHOM MCTpy.
G" [N]. Gf' [N] -TC)KI·ma OOPTHHX ;:rcnOBa 1-I0CCilHX H f]OBp,rnll:lX BaJbClKa,
Iii [m]. ! i' [III] - KopaK llocefmx H 110SpaTHv!X B,n,aKCl.
Q [k ' ] . q = -- g! m - ,'vlaca TparlCnOpTl-IOr i\.1(nepH)aJJa no iJ.Y)KHOM ,vieT'!)v. 3,6. v . . 0
g = 9,81 [/11/ S 1 - yop1aJhe 3e!YlJbJ.ure TelKe,
H [m] - BHCHI-!a ):(H381l>Cl HnYl Cl1YUJTClILCl MaTepl-Ijasra (BYlCHl-ICKa pa'3JIHKCl
KPCljl'bI1X Ta'-lClKCl CtKTI1BHOr HenCl TpaKe),
v [m / s] - 6p3HHa TpaJ·rcnop-repa.
Bpe;:(lIOCTH ([JaJ(fopa fJ 3aSYlCe 0).:( .uY)Kl1He TpaJICnOvrepa H ;WTe cy y TaOeJIH T-
4.6.
T-4,6. Bpe)lHOCTl-l ¢aKTopa fJ
" ~
.J~~ 1,12
7,6 10 4.5 ')~ 2.9 ~)
! . 63 '160 i 1 c:~ ! i . .,}-' 1.l0
~')
-'- il.45 1250 1.08
40 2,4
7-1 TPUIlCI7IJjJlJIlILl U i1pemO(WpIIQ cpe()cl7J(w II ypeijaju
0,016+0,018 3a l'T36H>lHa, A06po '36}~CHa nocrpojeHXl ca l(OrpjJx~IIHM JlefK::0eBH;l1a,
a 3a 'l1xtHcrr0pT MaTCpYljana (£1 I le3HaTIIHM YIlYlpaWl-bHM 1pe1'bCJV!
0.018 + 0,020 3a nOCTpojef-ba Koja paAe Y npOCel.JHHM YCJlOBHMa paJla
0.020 + 0.025 3a TeUlKe ycnoBe paJla (\10fyl1HOCT npO)JHpaf-ba npallHllle y
ne)Kaje, nenJbHB MaTCpYljan)
0.050 3a nocTpojef-ba ca KJH1:lflYlM :le)KHWH1l\la
f10rmlcKa Cl-lara 6e3 ;JOnYIICKI1X o-rrJopa je:
(4.45)
AKo ce Ha TpaHC110pTepy Hana3e ypel)ajH ImjH cTBapajy D.Of!YHCKe OTllope, Kao UJTO
cy llnY}KHH HCTOBapHBaYH-CKpeTHI1L(e H cnWIHO. OllIla je nO}J,aTJ-1a C!-lara:
P2 = 1,6· B· V· 71 [kW] (4.46)
f;le Je: B [Ill] - III HPHI-Ja TpaKe,
11 - 6poj ypel)aja KOjl1 cTBapajy nOD.3THe omope.
AKO TpaKacTH Tpal-lCJ10pTep 11Ma 6o'HIe Bol)HUe, OllAa, Xl OH ce caBnaAaJJH OTnopH
Tpef-ba l-Ja BOl)Hua'Vla, )J.OD.aje CHara:
l;::re ]ie;. ii' [111]- ;lYIKHl-la Bo~uua.
TIoTpe6!-la Cl-lara norOHCKor MOTopaje:
rD.e Je: 77 - CTeneH HCKopUlllnelba norOHCKor MexallH3Ma.
( 4.47)
( 4.48)
Ha OCl-lOBY OBaKO OApel)eHe CHare, MaKCUMan!-lO MOf'yha BY'If-Ja CHJJa !-la nOfO!-lCKOJvl
6y6f-by je:
U = PI + p, + Pi [kN] (4.49) v
na Je MaKCUMaJIHa CUJla y TpaU.H:
Tpmwcmu 1I1pallCI10pmepU
Sill = U· (1 + 1 \ e,lU£
a [rud] - o6yxBaTHH yrao Ha 110I'QI-ICKOM OyOlbY.
lloTpeoaH opoj HocenHX cJlojeB3 TpaKe.ie o;lpe~eH Yl3pa30M (4.1 )
CncUHqHP-ma npCTOBapna nocTpojcI-ha ca TpaKaCTH'M Tpam::UupTepOM
(4.50)
llocroje pa3He BpcTe npeToBapHHx ypeJ)aja ca TpaKacTIIM TpaHcnopTepoM KOjYl cY
npHJIarol)ef-{Yl 3a Onepal.(Hje YToBapa H HCToBapa KaKO KOMaAHor TaKO H pacYTor
MaTepHjana. OBne D.e OHTH npHKa'33!-la HeKa npeTOBapl-Ia floCTpojef-ba Koja cy
norO)J.Ha 3a YToBap H HCToBap naKeTa H nOWTat-ICKHX Bpdia Y nOWTaHCKOM L\el-lTpy.
Ha cn. 4.31 cy npHKa3aHa nocTpojel'ba 33 YTOBap Bpeha Y IlpYMCKa B031ma 11
}KeJbe'3HWIKe BarO!-le.
KOM6'1HaUHjoM KpeTaIba I1ojeD.Y1l-ll1X l.JJJa!-lOBa KOjH ce l\lOry OOl\lepaTH H 'laKpeTaTH
y XOpH30HTamloj H BepTHKamloj paBIHL ca Haj'leLulle TeJTeCKOrICKHM H3Bo!jeI'hel\1
llocne,:.(l·ber 'InaHa, :;lO}Ke ce 3aY3eTH 6l-lJIO {(OjH nonmKaj y npocfopy, npl-l 'leMY je
3HaTHO onaKlllaHO CJTaraI-be Bpeha H naKeTa y BarOlle H KaMHOHe. Y nOCJle;J.f-be
BpeMe nocToje nOTnYHo aYTOi\-WTH30BaHH ypel)ajH ca TpaHCnOpTHHrvl TpaKaMa KojH
oMofynyjy cnaraf-be spena, noce61'[0 naKCTa npeMa lKeJbCHOM pacl10peny
jeJ(HocTaBHHM v1360POM nporpaMa 3£1 ynpaSJbaI-be,
CWKa 4,31. JI ocmpojCl-ba JU vl110eap U UCIIlOB(fP Bpeha U lWKema y cpec)cI7lBa
cnOJbaUU-bez mpWICl10pma
76 TPCfIlCI10P17111C1 II I1peIiW{)([/ma Cpe(Jc71l(W if ypeljuju
Ha cn. 4.32 cy flpHKa3aw1 cnermjamH1 TpaHCI10pTepH CJ fmc TpaKe 3a BcpTHKamm
TpaHcnopT. JC,Qliil TpaKJ .ic norOIlCKa, a fwyra jc nOIVlOllHa (rrpHTHCHa) Koja Cn)!)I(f1
3a ocrnapHll::UbC Cl1SIC TpClba Bdie 0,Q TC)l(l1I-1C TCpeTLl. CC '3a TpallcnopT
penaTHBHOVlaJlHX TcpeTa (Bpcllc VI naKeTH) npl1 'lC,'vry BHcHua flVI3atb<l MQ)KC OWI"H Yl
f(O 50m.
C'IU/W 4.32. C'lIeljujwlIllI filjJW{()C1I121 I7ljJiIliCl70pmepu co ()ue mpw;e
J7w/ 1/CIcmu I71pm/CIlOpmepU 77
5. JIAH4ACTH TPAHCnOPTEPH
rIOCC6HY rpyny TpaHCIlOpTIII1X 'VIa UHHI Cl ca HenpCKI1.iJ,lll1lVl pa,QOM LfYlI-le
TpaHcrlo)),repfl KO~\ KOjYIX ce Kao BY'1J-!fl eneMCllaT nojaBJbyje naJI(ll~ it l"loccnyj eJlCi\leWIT je npYlJIarol)eH HaMeHYI TpaHcnopTcpa. OB,QC lic 6Y1TYI 06pal)clIYI ca~lO
TpaHCflopTCPH noro}:(l'Jlj 321 npffMcHy y flOI[ITaMa rx(c ClraXraJY: nnOLIaCTYI
TpallcnOpTCpYl, llYlcdiYl TpallcnOpTCpYl, (jlJlCKCI16v!JlHH nOflHH, nOJJlo-m:cehYi
TparlcnopTcpH H CJJCBaTOpli.
5.1 3aje,llHIP-IK'M eJleMeHTM M )),eJIOBH JnUPI3CTliX
TpaHcnopTcpa
llpe.'}HocTI1 .i13Hal\a Kao Byl.fHYlX cnCMCI-laTa TpaHcnopTcpa y O!.\HOCY ria Tpaw\-, cy:
BCJlI1Ka HOCHBOCT (jaLJHlla lIa KIIJ-1aI-bC) y3 Mano H3L1Y)KCl-bC,
BcnHKa CaBHTJbYlBOCT TaKO L1a 3axTcBajy MaIlC npCLJHVlKC naHl.fal-ll1Ka,
JIaKO caBffaLlaBaf-bC KpHBYlHa y XOPH301ITa.JIIlOj Ii Be pTHK:.l.!lHOj paBHI1,
OLIHOCHO oMoryliyjy Vf3BOljCrbe npocropHHx Tpaca,
CHrypHYlJYI npeHoc l3Y'lHC Cliffe Ha ;JaHau npeKO nallLJaJHiKcL
naKO 11 6p30 nOBC3l1BaIbC Kpajclla, cKpal1villalbc H npoLlY;'KHBal-be.
He)10CTaLlfl SJ3Jlaua cy:
BCSHIKa conCTllC1Ja Te)KVlWI 11 nOTpowI1<] cHcpnJjc,
orpaJlH'1Clla 6p3111Ia KpCT3Jha (.'}o 1,2 m /.\' ),
TPOWClhC Y 3I'!1060BHMa naJlua [1 nOTpcoa IbYlXOBOI' flospeMCI-lOI'
nOJrMa311Bcllba,
nOJilBa L1HHaMHLIKHX orrrcpcl1er-ba npYl YCTaJbeHOM ](pCTar'bY norOHCKor
McxaHH3Ma.
BPCTC mU-lalla, r(Qje CC HajYCwl1c npHMefbyjy Kao ByLIIIH enCMCHT Tpal-lCnOpTCpa cy:
3aBaperlH, KOBaHH H naMCJlaCTYI naHUVI. Ha CJJ. 5.1 cy Irpl1Ka3aHC HCKe BPCTC JIal-Iaua
KOjC cc LfeCTO HilJJa3C y ynoTpc6H. KO,Q TpaHcnopTepa ce npYlMel-byjy 3anapClll1
JlaIll.l,H ca KpaTIG1M, Col. 5.1 a, YI .uyf'YIM, cn. 5.16, KapHKaMa ](0)1 KOjHX, 3601'
CnpC3al-ha ca naWlaIIYll(HMa, KopaK (f) Mopa 6HTYI H3paljCH ca OJ~roBapajyhoM
Tal.fHOwny WTO 3aLlOBOJbaBajy TK3. KilJlH6pHCaHYI naHL\H.
BeOMa LfeCTO CC ](O.L\ TpaHcnopTcpa npHMel-byjy mlMCJlaCTli (raJIOBlI) mm IjJl , cn. 5.1 B. PaLlH jC)1HOCTaBHHjcr llC3HBal-ba ca HoccnHM eJ1CMeHTOM npYlMelbyjy cc
78 TPUIlCI10pnma U Ilpel11()eUpllO cpec)cmca II ypehaju
"laMe;laCTO J1aHUH ca neJ10BWv!a npYfJ1aroljeHHM 3a YClBpwl1er-be Hocel1er e"leMeHTa,
CJ1. 5.1 r. Y CJ1y Llajy KaLla ce na,vlen:1CTH naHL\H KopOCTe ,a Tp:1HCnOpTepe KOjo uMajy
npOCTopllY TPaCY npuMe~byjy ce J1aHUH ca nBOCTpYKOM OCOBHIIOiY! (KupnUHCKH
3rol06) Koja oMoryl1yje 3:1KpeTal-be naMeJ1a Y 06e paBHH, cn. 5.1 ;~.
Kon BHcenox TpUHcnopTepa ce npHMelbyjy KOllaJIH naHUH. GIL 5_1lj, KOjH TaKol)e
oMoryl1yjy cjlOPMHP:1lbC npocropHe Tpace '36or o'[(pefjeHe nOKpeTn)HllOCTvi Y LlBa
MelJyco6Ho ynpallHa npallua.
a) 6)
8)
?j
~)
CJlUKa 5.1. Bpcme ;WlIaL/Ll
flml'locmu mp{lJIcl1oprnepu 79
ITpopaCl)'H naHua ce BPWH IW OCHOll), CHne KH,LlaIba naHua:
(5.1)
f,[(C je: 17 - CTenCH CHl'ypHOCTYl (T -5.1),
S,. - paLJYJ-!cK:1 p:1J~Ha nIna y mlHUy_
P:1'IYHCKa paWJa CHna y IlaliUY ce o,Llpel)yjc Ha OCHOBY:
S,. = Kp . (SnIU.l,: + Selin) (5.2)
Sdlll - LlflJ-JaMW1Ka CHna I1pYl YCTaJbeHOM pe)KHM), paLla (BHlIH TaYKY 5.2.4),
K r - KoecjmUHjeHT HepallHoMepHocTH npepaCllOneJle ofiTepehel-ba, KOjH ce Y3HMa
K,) = 1 KOLI Tp:1HCnOpTepa ca jenHHM naHl\eM 0 K" = 1).5 KOLI
TpaHcnopTepa ca LIlla J1aHL\a.
vb60p JlatJaL\a ce BPWH Ha OCHOBY pa4YHcKc cnne KH,UaH,a (S, ) H KopaKa naHl~a H3
KaTanora npmnBoljaYa.
T-5.1. KOCCpHL\HjeHT CHrypHOCTH JlalJaua
! Koec\ll1UHjeIIT
I BpcTa IJaHL\a YTYluajHH ¢awfopH Cv.rypHOCTH
I I
XOpH30HT'L~Ha Tpaca: ,n06pH paW-If'! ycnoBH 6-7-7 TfaMefIaCTfi
IJaHUfi I TpaHcnopTepH nog HarH6oM, TeWKH pa)~tm I 8-7-10
YCIJOBH
i Tpaca y jeLlHoM npaBuY 10-7-12 I, KOllaHH naHL\H I npOCTopHa Tpaca 12-7-14 i I Karm6pHcaHH )106Pfi paW-IH ycnosH 8-7-]0
I naHL\H TewKfi paW-IH ycnOBI1 10-7-14 I (3asapelm)
Y 3aBHCHOCTH o,n BpcTe JlaHL\a KopHcTe ce pa3J1HYHTH TYfnOBH JIlHl'laHHKa.
OCHOBHYf naparvreTep J1aWlaHHKa je tberOB nOLleOHYf npeYHHK Do, KOjH 3aBfiCH on
30 Tpa71cl1opIJIIIU II I1PCIJW(!UPIf([ cpe()ClJwu u )pebaju
6poja woa VI KopClKa naHua. OJ] BPCTC JIalllla 'lamlCH oonV!l< npoclHrna 'ly6a
naHLIaHHIG1.
npeLIHHK nOJJeOHor Kpyra (Do) KOlr JIGlI-l4aJ-!HKCl 3a muvlcnacm naHalr, cJr.5.2a. cc
o.ilpeljyje Ira OCHOBY H3pa3iJ:
(5.3 )
KOJJ naJFl3EllKCl c::,- :laBapel'!JM K:l'IHOpYJCa!lH~1 JIaHLl.;l~::' '~J1. 5.26 H 13 110JJC()IlH
npe4Hl1K JC:
J):\e je: ! [171m] - KopaK nClHua.
:: - 6poj 3y6a J13l-14ClHHKCl.
(I) 6) c)
Cflw,:a 5.2 . .!1C/J£L/C/JIUL!U Xl ;W,·He.'lCIcme J/WI&!C
5.1.2 llorOHCKM H 33T£3HM MexamBMM
noroHCKH MexaHlBaMH nall'-faCTl1X TpaHC!lOpTCpa, cn. 5Ja, cy HCTH Kao H norOIlH
TpaKaCTHX TpaHcnopTcpa caMO lllTO ce YMCCTO oyol-l>a OB,D.e nojaBJbyjc IIaH4aHHK
O)!HOCHO naWIaHYJUH, YraOHH nOrOl-lCKH MexaHH3aM je !lpl1Ka3aH Ha cn.5.3. a
cacTojl1 ce, CJIWlHO Kao 11 !lOrOJ-lCKH MCXaI-lH3aM TpaKaCTl1X TpaHC!lOpTepa, OJJ
!loroHcKor MOTopa (EM), pe,D.yKTopa (P), cnojHHlla (C) H rJorOI-ICKOf naH4al-IHKa.
AKO ce TpaHcnopTep HClIla3l1 no)! H3m6oM o6aBe3Ha je yrpa)!l-ba K04HHl\e H3Me1)y
MOTopa H pe,ayKTopa Hm! pe,ayKTopa H 110rOllCKHX nal-f4alll1Ka (C+K).
J1wI'lacmu I1ljJWICI10j!IJlepU 81
nOI'OHCKH MeXaI!yI3MYl KOJ] OBHX TpaHCnOpTepa ce Mory nOjxeJ!ylT>1, Y 'laBHCHOCTH
OJJ HaLIIHla npCI-IOIllClbl1 BY'Hle CH~le, HCl yraOI-lc (npCKO llOI'OHCKOr 'iaH4ariHKa) H
JIHHHjCKC (nyTcM T3B. CPCJ]HllJI-bCr norol-w). Haj4cwlle cc KOPl1CTC yraoll11
rIOfOI-!CKH 'VIeXaI-!H3MH ca JlrUJLIClIII1KO'VI, cn. 5.30, npH '{eMY ce CnpC3aIbC JIaI-lUa H
nClH l taHI1KCl H3BOJJl1 I-ta OOYXBClTHOM ymy oD.pefjeHe Bem14l1Be (90° -7-180° ). 3a pa3I1HKy OJJ TpiliGICT11X TpallcnopTcpa_ npwvrCHa nl11-IHjCKHx (CpC,W1WI-bHX)
norOl-W KO:l TpallCrlOpTepa ca BY41111M flCUllrCl'v!' jc 'lHaTIIO nOrOllllYJja. OBO je BCOMa
3l-la4ajl-lO jep cy TC)KYJHe nOKpenlHX ;rCJ!OBa naWlaCTHX TpallCllOvrcpa 31-IaTl-lO BeilC
TaKO .'l.:l jc HcnpaBHHM nOCT<?BJbaI-bCM :IYiliHjCKIIX rIo],Ol-la oMoryneH 31-IClTI-lO
rIOBOJbHHHH pacnopCJJ O!lTCpcncH>a y BY4HOM nal-lI(Y. I-Ia cn. 5_3 cy r:pylKa3ClHe HCKe
OJJ MorynHOCTl1 oCTBapclbCl JIl1Hl1jcKor nOI'OHCl, cn. 5.36, r, ;J., 1) 11 ,D.Hjaf-paM
pacnopc;J.a olTrepenelba Y nClHLlY cn. 5.3e,
p
f
a) 6)
(;) 2)
6 ~ 5 j d
~~c, ,+.1-._, __ , _ -, --.....¢.--_.-._-.----
17)
8] Ij)(//lCI7UjJ1I1!/{/ if npelJlUU(/jillU cpe()C17leCi u ype/Juju
L : L -V:' L~ I ---+--~----'-'-'=--.--""';"'---~'--- _ll ... _--"C--'----_~..,.
")
C!l1Il,'U 5.3 nOlO1l .7WI'{UCJ1Ii1X mjJwlC170pmepa
D,a 0>1 ce ().\loryhH.:lO I1paBWJHO cnpc3Lll'LC JlaHL\a H JIaI-1 LJaHl1Ka llCOI1XOJll·IO JC
H3Bplmrm 3aTC,aI-be Jlal-lll,a. OBO 3aTc,albC CC oCTBapyjc 110:'vIOl"ly 3ClTC3Hor ypci)aja.
3a pa3JlHKy O,ll, TpaKaCTHX -rpal-lCflOpTepa OBnC CHJJa rrpCTxonHor 3aTC3aiba l-lC~1a
TO!lHKJ.-l 3Hayaj ,icp ec npeHOC CHarc KpeTmba BpUlH CrrpC3al-bC'l-j 3y6a JIaJ-l'lalIHKa ea
:railll,C'l-l a HC lly-rCM TpCl-ba.
KaKO jc nY)KHJ-Ia OEHX TpaHcrropTepa pcnaTHBHO KpaTKa lIaj'lCUlhe cc 3aTc3albe
H3BOJ}H rroMony HaEojHor BpcTCHa ca HnH 6C3 onpyrc, CJI. 5.4a,0.
. ~.
a) 0)
('![UJ(({ 5.4. 3ame3atbe ,-[WI'IaCI1lUX mpallCI10pmepu
Xon 3aTe3HHX ypeijaja jc y OBOM cnylJajy 3HaTHO MaI-bl1 Hero KO,ll, TpaKaCTl1X
TpaHcrropTcpa H 06wmo H3HOC}1:
iJ! = (1.6 -:- 2,O).{
rnC je: L [mm] - KopaK naHua.
Y cnY"Iajy BenHX H3AY)KClba JIaI-lUa Morync jc ,ll,y}KHHY pcrYJll1CaTH y6aUvIBal-beM
O,ll,HOCl-lO H36aUHBal-bCM onpcl]cHor 6poja KapHKa.
Jlmll{UCJJlU i71PWIC!1Upmepu
5.2 OllPC1}HB<lfhC OTi10pa KpCT<llhy
Cnl-FlI-JO Kao 11 KO,ll, TpaKaCTI1X Tpal-lCnOpTCp3 OTlJOpl1 cc Mory nO;:!,CJlI1Tfl H3
rrOl\Y)KHC H JIOK~U1J-Ie. nO~(y>KI-IH 0"1TI0PH cc jaBJbajy Ha XOPH301ITaJII-IHM, Hal'llyn'jM H
KPHBOJIHHH]CKHM J~eJlOBHMa TpaIICnOpTcpa YCllC;:!, OTl10pa "PCTalbY JWHW1,
I·wj"lcmhe ocnOH>CllHX rrpeKO TOLfKOB<:l I-la Ilocchy KOIICTPYKLlHjy. erp¥! IbklXOBOM
onperjHBaJby MU>Ke cc rrpHMeHHTfI rJo"lTIYlla ClI-lanOnlja ca TpalGlCTlIM
TpmlcrropTepHM3. JloKanHH O"rnopH ce jaBJbajy H3 S],HI'lal-IHL\HMa, nOK ce OTflOPH l-J(1
yroBapHOM \1ecTy. 3001' Mane 6p31111e KpeTaI-ba, Mory 'laHe~Iapy!TH a I-I a
HCTOBapHOM :Vlec-ry ee p,FlYHaJY y 3aBHCHOCTH Olr Ha'-IHlW HeTOBapa (KIIWll-Ie
CKpeTHHue. LleOHH \lCTOBap, ... ).
3a pa~L,HKY O,ll, Tpa;··J.CTHX TpaHcnolFcpa, 3001' yCJIcma cnpc3aJb3 JlaJ!aLla l'!
nal'lyaHHKa, KO,ll, n3WlaCTHX TpaHcrropTcpa cc rrpH YCTaJbCI10M pe)KHMY pa,la rrorOl-Ja
jelBJbajy J}HJ-laMH'lKa OllTCpcl"lcfba.
5.2.1 llOAYiKHH OTfWPH H3 npasomnmjclwj
flPH OBOM H3Boljcr'LY, 1(aKO jc Bcn lr3nOMeHYTO. ee M())KC npHMCHHTH nOTnYHa
ar-IaJlorHja ea nocTynKoM onpcl)HBaiba OTnopa na XOPH30HTaIIHOM H KOCOM l\cny
TpaK3CTor TpaHcrropTcpa (O,ll,CJbaK 4.3.1) .
v=o f=O
v>O f>O
i
C'IUKa 5.5. Omnopu Ita npCleo:nlllujcKoM aeflY mpmtC170pIl1cpa
8-1 TpallCl10pmllU Ii IlpemO(W{!JICI Cpe()Cllm(l II ypel}oju
Y OBOM CJlyyajy ce y:vleCrO OTiIOpa OOpTaibY B21JbaIGl jaBJba OTnop KOTpJ},aH,a
0C;10HaLIKv.x TOYKOB21 no Hocehoj KOIJCTPYKqHjH. H21 OCHOBY l-np,na 'sa flO.'l.Y)JO-le
OTrIOpe Ha npaBOJIHHHjCKOM ;le,lY TpaKaCTliX TpallcnopTepa (4.27) VI (4.28) .\IO;'Ke ce
H210!1C21TH:
paj:\Ha crpmw
,JS = (q() -'- q). g.j -c± (q(i +- q)- g. h[N]
nOBp,HHa crpaHa
o::iS = IJ .. . g' !. c ± qo . g. h [N]
G, [N] - Te)KHHa OUJOJ-la'lKl1X TOYKOBa,
Gn [N]- TC)KI1Ha Hoce11l1x CJleMeHaTa (n:lOL!c. Koclll111e),
I [m] - KopaK naJIL(a.
If = if ./ [/11] - KopaK ocnOHaLIKHX TOl.JKOBil (if - opoi Kapl1Ka),
Iii = i, 'Ii [Ill] - pa3M<lK HocchJiX CnCMCllaTa (i} = 1.'2.3 .... )
(5.4)
(5.5)
C - KOCc[JI.·Il\fIjeHT OTnOp<l KOjl1 3LlBHCH on Bpcre ,laI-JLJaCTor TpaHcnopTepa.
Y 'laBl1CllOCTH 0):( Tor'a ;:I.a IIH ce KOMClL(HH Hill1 pacynl TCPCT
Maca ,raTepl-1JaJIa no !J.Y)KI-IOM 'v1eTPY TpaHCIIopTcpa
- KOi\la;J,HYI TepeT (naKeTl1, Bpcne,. _ .)
- pacyrl1 MXrCpl1jan (nl1CMOllOCl-le nOWl1JbKe)
q=~[kg/l7lJ 3.6· v
rAe je: A1 [kg] - npOCel.JHa ywca KOMaIll-lOr TepeTa,
T [17/] - pa3iVlaK KOM<l)lHOr TepeTa,
(5.6)
(5.7)
Jlml'I(lCilIU J71jJWIC170pmepU
Q [I / h] - KanaqHTeT TpaHcnopTepa.
v [m / s] - op3HHa KpeTal1oa.
5.2.2 OTl:lOP Ha
85
IlPO,\lCIIa npaBULl KpeTLllba KOj.( ,JaHLIaCnlX TpaHcnopTepa ce BplllH nmdony
JIaI-FIaHI1Ka VI KPllBO;lY1lIHjCKHX BO!jliWl. 3001' KLlpaKTcpVIcTHKa JIaHua Kao By'-!l-!Or
ene~ICIrra KOjl1 floceIIyje o):qJeljeHY CaBl1TJhHBOCT y D.Be paBJ-ll1, 3a pa3JHiKY 0;:1.
TpaKLlcTHx TpaHcnopTepa, Moryl1e je (i)Op1'VlHpalbe KpllBl-llla y ;"OPH30IITaJiI-!Oj 11
,,'::PTHKcL1HOj paBHH, C~\"OCllO 11ol1XOBO\1 KO~IOJ.lI-!mIHjO\1 oCTBaprmm-hc lIPOCTOplJe
Tpace.
Y OBOM cnYLIajy noceOHO lIe ce pa3MaTpaTl1 OTllOP'] IWjH ce jaBJbajy KO;l Kpf1Blill8 y
XOpl13OJ-rra:lHoj l1 BepTl1KaJ1Hoj paBHYl KopllcTeJlli aHa;lorlijy ca InBoDelbeM H3pa3a
3a OTnope KO):( TpaKaCTl1X TpaHcrropTepa (BHi1J.l 4.3.J).
l-la cn. 5.6 cy npHK<l3GlHI1 KpHBOnl111HjcJ(Y1 .'lCJlOBYI TpaHcllopTcpa. Ko;( KOHBCKCHe
KpHBl1He, CII. 5.6a, y 110TIlYHOCTl1 ce Mo/Ke npHN1CIIHTH H3pa3 (4.29) 301 pa;:l.lly [1
(4.30) 3a nOBpaTHY cTpaHy.
KaKo ce KO!( KOl!K01SHfiX KPHBYI1I3'JlGU-lLIaCTlix Tpal-lCIIOpTCpa nOCLlllJba BoDvlLIa II ca
roplbe l1 ca J\OlbC crpalle, cn. 5.60, BHlUC HHjC 110'rpcoHo Hcnyl-fH'!'y] SCOi\la
HCllOBOJbal-l YCIIOB KOj 11 00c36clJyjc ocnalbCllbe ca,\IO Ila ;JOl-bY soljHLiY [uTO
oiVloryhyje flPHMCllY Kpl1BfWa ca nonynpcLTIIHKONI HCTor pe.'l.Cl .,g.G'i!Pfl!!!C I,dO KOJJ.
KOHBeKCl-HiX KpHBHHLl.
AHaJll13l1pajyhH IBpa3 (4.:29) VI (4_30) \CIO~Ke cc 3aKJhYLJfiTl1 ;Ja rrprw rlEa
KapmnCpl1c !'H'-lHa 4JlClHa y 3arpaJJ.H lIpeJJCTClSJbajy OTIlOP KOJl1 3ClBfiCH 0;':\ flpHTHcKa
Hel ocnOHaCIKa MeCTa l1 JJ.aje l-bI1XOBa cYMa:
(q + qo)' g' R· cas fJ ± i:",
HepaJJ.Ha cTpaHa
qo . g·R ·casfJ ± Sf
KOL( TpaKaCTl1X TpaHcnopTepa YBCK Bella OA Hyne aKO je 3allOBon,eH ycnoB KOjl1
00e36e1jyje CTanal-! npHTl1CaK Ha )lOf1oe OCJlOHaLJKe TOCIKOBe. KaKo KOA naWlaCTl1X
TpaHCl10pTepa oBaj ycnos HC Mopa Ol1TH l1CnYl-bCH, CyMY OBa IIBa ynaHa Tpeoa
Y3l1MaTl1 no anCOJlYTHoj BpeJJ.l-lOCTH .iep ce jaBTba OTnop KpeTarbY owro ):(a je
OCnal1oal-be TOLIKOBa Ha rOpl-be HJll1 )lathe Bol)l1ue.
86 TpUlicnopnma 1I IlpemOCapliU Cpe(JcnIBG 1I ypelJaju
a) 0)
CiLUKCl 5.6. KpU{IOHlIllUjCIW oe.C({)()l{ y 6eplJlUf{Wllioj pOlmu
Ha OCHOBY OBora 11 113pa3a (4.20) H (4.21) Mo/Ke ee IlarlHCaTH o6pa3aL( 3a
O.L\pel)I1B,ll·be OTriOpa y BepTHKaJIHOj KPflBHHH Jla!-ILIaCTHX TpaHC110pTepa y KOHClLfHOM 06Jl11KY:
pCl)],Ha CTpaHa
(5.8)
f-iCpa;lH3 cTpaJla
.JS' = • (T ~ I + S' . a l . C + (1' • a . h r"N] ,-,"" k _1 I "I -!}.::, .1,. (5
y XOpH30HTamwj Kpm:nmH
Ha cn. 5.7 cy npflK<l3aHH HaLJHHH Bol-jer-Ml JI<lHua Kpm XOPl1301-IT,L1HY KpHBHHy_ GC3
o63Hpa Ba l-laLfHB Bol)ef-ba JlaHUa Kp03 XOPH301-ITamlY KPHBllllY cMaTpajyhl1 )],a cy
KoecpHuHjeHToM oTnopa (c) 06yxBaileHe eneUHCpwlHOCTH OCnaf-bClI-ba. MO>Ke ce Ha
je.J.HllcTBel-l HaLlHH o)]'pe)],HTI1 BellHLfHHa oTnopa. 3a p,njjHKY 0):( BepTYlKam'mx
Kpl1BHHa OBile ce He noja13Jbyje OTllOP ycne,n 113ilH3alba ;'1aTcpHjaJla (KpeTaf-be y
XOPH30HTanHoj paBIIl1) ,nOK ce BepTHKGlJII-la OflTepeI1el~ba, 0)], TC>KHHe MaTepl1jalla
KOjYl ce TpClHcnopTyje 11 f10KPeTHHX elleMeHaTa Tpal-fcnopTepa, rrpeHoce npeKO
BepTl-lKanHKX TOLfKOBa H<l BolJl1I:.\e~ BolJel-be Kp03 XOpH30HTanHY Kpl1BI1HY ce BPWH
l1YTeM B01)l1uCl H XOpH30l-lTaJII-IHX TOLIKOBa, cn, 5.7 6 H 13, HJm ilHpeKTHYlM
ocnaJ-baf-beM naHua Ha B01)HUY, ell. 5.7a.
J7UH t IUCI!IU 111pmlC})ol!l1lepu ~ 7 ( i
CmlJw 5.7. KpUCOilllJlUjCKU ue.'i06u mpC/ca y XOPU30I//JlWIltoj pamlZl
Y3YlMajynH ~la jc Koe4mul1jeHT OT110pa KpeTar-bY y XOPH30HT,U1l-lOj KpclBlHlYl (c1
) fj
3Cl,np>KaBajynvr 03HaKY 3<1 KoeclmuHjewf OTrJopa 3a BepTHKaJTHe TOLl KOBe (c), yKyn<lH
OTriOP y xoprnowrClmwj KPHBI1fl11 npe,nCTaBJb<l 36HP OT110pa BCpTHKaJIlIHX TO'lKOBa H OTflopa H<l xopmOHTaJ1Hoj BOi)Ill(Yl, na je:
;(eOHYlUa ea TCPeTOM (paJlH<l CTpal-Ja)
(5l0)
j:(eOl-lflua 6C3 TepeT<l (liCP<l;:\l1a CTp3Ha)
,I') ~ c' r I /', S' C . [V] '-.>' - ... / () • '-~ • I k . <-, T, i . - i . a .:. ~---(r3.1 1)
. C; C; rile .Ie: Cj() = Cjl -'- _~I~ + _~iI_ [kg / Ill] - conCTBeIl3 TC)KHHa f10KpeTHHX ;leJIOBa
g '/, g. In
5.2.3 OTf.lOPH Ha JlaIPi~UnH(y (J.l:OKaJl.HH OH.IOp)
OTnop Ha nmllJaf-1HKY, CJll1LfHO Kao OTHOP Ha 6y6f-by TpaKaCTor TpaHcnopTepa,
caCTOJH ce H3 OTnopa y lle>KHWTY mlHLfaHHKa H OTnopa yene)], KPYTOCTH naHua.
OTHOP ycne)], Tpel~ba y nC>KHWTY naH'-laHHKCl o)],pet;yje ce Ha HCTH Ha'-lHH Kao H KO,n TpaKaCTor TpaHcnopTepa:
(5.12)
88 7jJClTIC17()pmllO II I1pemO(WplIO cpec)CtJlCO II ypeijaju
H3 nC>!('HIJTC.
a - ooyxBanm yrao,
j.i - Koeq)Hl~Hjel'IT Tpel'ba y nC/KI1WTY J13H'-I3IlHKY.
OTIlOP ~C1e;:X I~PYTOCTl-1 n3HLW y OBO"l c"lY'-lajy cc j31L1>3 yc.:!cJ~ Tpclba y 3r'looollvl~ra nal-!L,(a :50or IvlCI)ycoollOr ',aKpeTafbil KilPIl1(3 'lil yrao (a) y Ilmmil31loj (i) l1 CH!1a3HOj TaYKI1 ntll-l'-lill'IHKa. C)'L 5.8.
CnlJ.:.a 5.8. ()nmopu "/(f .IWI'I(lflu/;Y
OBaj UrIl0P 3aBl1CH 0,>:( TpCJba H3Me1)y KapYlKa nal-lua.
nal-lUiJ ~l naH'ldIICIK'l Yl "11 ~e v' ,. . c. ~" . llaHJlcl.3HOM KPaI-(Y J1aHl~a O;1l-IOCHO:
napaVleTapa
,jS" = Jr(u. ell D '))' \' !' , ,"- I
Cm'I'-IHO Kao K0.u TpaK'lCTW' '" , . . ' .~ IpaHcnopTcpa. TeU1KO Je Ta4HO VTBPi-l,HTH cTBaplIV
Bpe,QHocT KOC(jlHLU-lJeHT'l Tpel a . - . ~ ~ 6.,,' 'b, Y Jle)KHLUTY JlaIl'-I31-IHKa H OCOBHHH K3pHKe naHua
3 01 Y I HL(a'a HCL[HCToi1a 3a 11 . J . paKTHL1He CBpxe ce npHMel-bYJe HCTH l13pa3 Kao KOD.
TpaKaCTHX Tpal-lCnOj)'rcpa:
LIS = p. S,_!
r;:xe ie: p = j.\ra /-1 /-1 d d D) cj . - • , !. II' !, - Koe }HL(HJeHT oTllopa JlaH'!aHHKa,
Bpe,L(HOCTH KoecjlHuHjeHTa' OTllopa JlaH'lal'I'II{a cy: < ,y 3aBHCHOCTl1 OD 06yxBaTI-IOr yrJIa
p = 0.05 ZCI a = 90 u
jJClH'{OCI1lU mpa7ICl70pf7lepU 89
p = 0.07 :::a a = 180 iJ
OCTanc Bpe;.\HOCTH ce vlOry ODpef~HTK Hl'ITcpnonauvrjorvL
rIopeD CTaTHYKl1X OllTCpc!\el'bCl, Kao PC3YJlTilT npeTXO,!.(Hor '3aTC3alba l1 OTI10pa KOjl1
ce jaBJbajy y TOKY KpeT3Ib<l. j3Bjb<ljy CC Dl1l1aMI1'-1Ka OlITcpel'iclb3 y npeJla'lllHM
Pc/Kl1MHI'lHa pClDa nOf'OliCKOr :vlexaHH'3Ma nYll1'fill'bC Y paI( H KO'-lCH,C
TpaliCllopTcpa. [lopeI( OBC 1l0jaBc Koja jc YOOW18jcHa 3a CBC MCXaHH'-IKC Cl1CTe,"IC
KO;1, !1aJ'I'-l8C:THX TPaJIC:!lOpTepa CC JaBJbajy ;,,>ii'13MHL1K3 OfrrepenCl-ba Ii npH
YCTilibeHOM paDY norOHCKor Mexal'IH3.YJa Kao nOCJlC~l,l1ua KI1HeillaTI1KC npCHoca
Kpefafba ca nOI'OHCKOr JIaH'laHHKa Ha lly'-lHif 1C1Hau. 360,' KOMlJ(lKTI10CTt1
KOHCTPYKu,Hje (MGU1H npe'-lHHK JlaH'-IaHHKa) npl1Mcl-byjy ce nOrOllCKl1 JlalFfaHt1UH ca
MaJlHM 6pOjCM 3y6a (z = 4 +12) jep ce KopVlcTe Jl3HI~H ca KopaKoM OD 100 .uo
1000mm.
KHHCMaTHKa KpeTaiba npl1 nall4aCTOM npellocy J1aI-IQaHHKOM ca z = 4 3yoa
npHKa33Ha JC Ha co1.5.9. JJaI-l'-laI-lHK ce 06pl1e KOHCTaHTHOM yraOlIOM 6P3l1HO;'>.1 (CD) flPH LIC~ly CC 3y611 naWlaI·HiKa 1. 2, 3, H 4 cnpClKY ca OCOBHHaMa Jlallua 1', 2', 3' H
4'. flPH TO~lC DOna3t1 ,>:(0 npo~leflc Op3l1He KpefaJba JJGlllua npcMa:
v = vI) . CoS~? = R . (,) . COSy? 13)
r.ue Je: rp = ((J. t - yrao o6pTalb3 :laH'-IaflI1Ka.
- Bpe\JC .KpeTClfba.
Y 'P
A c
"~.-~A ,"0 1 4 v
I 2 3
".
-;\ -R 2s'ln a max- (j) 2" "
Cmn:o 5.9. KapW(fnepUCl11l1Ka IIpel-lOca JlClII'lmIU}(OM
90 7jI[[IICI10/mlll(l II I1/JeI110Cap]{O cpeoctluw ZI ypehaju
CB8K3 KapliK3 JlaJ
92 TPUIlCI10jJilmo U IIpeIllO(fOpIIU cpe()C17IULl II ypehaju
(5) i')
h)
e)
CnlKCI 5.11. Pmlle ()pcme miOtlC/emUX II1jJOIIC170p17lepa
J1aH'I(fClJIU mpWICIlOpmepU 93
KOJ\ flJIO'-!aCTUX TPal-lC[]OpTepa O[]lllTe llaMeJ-le KOPYlCTC ce JlaMenaCfYl JIaH1H! KOjYl
J\03BOJbaBajy npOV!3BOJb!-fY KOl-lC!)HrypalJ,Hjy Tpace y BepTHlGlJII IOj, ell. 5.12, >1ml
XOpIl30I-lTaHI-loj paBHYl. (;1. 5.116.
C'llIIC:O 5.12. Tpaca 11JIO'l(lCI7lUX 11IjXIlIcIlopl7lepa
BY'lI-1l1 Jlal-lll,Yl KOjYl Ll.03BOJbaBajy MaJIe paL(ojyce Ha KpvlBomHiHjcKYl:Vl .'leJlOBYIMa
( R = 5 -78) KaKO 3a KOHBeKCI-le TaKO l1 3a KOHKaBHe KpYlBl1He npH qeMY ce :Vlopajy
KOPl1CTYITH Bor)Hll,c ca o6e CTpal-lC. Y rnOBYl Ham6a KOL( OBl1X TpaHcnopTeTa ca
pamlHM nJIOLJaMa cc Kpeny DO 20 0 Y BehHflYi clY'lajeBa ce KopHcTe ;:(Ba ByL!lla
!1ClHlJ,a a KOJl MamJX W>ipvIHa H y cneuHqH1Cm>i\1 YC10BH:Yla. M())Ke .cUi ce KOPklCTYI
je;l'lIl J1CU-lau.
bp3llHa Tpal-lCnOpTOBalba JC orp:l!-IWlellCl. 063HPOM Ha llojaBY .'1f1HClMYlYKfiX
onTepei1e!ba, YI Kpelie ce O.!l 0,1-'--1.25 Ill!., . Kopal( BY'-lIIHX JlallaLW ce KpeJle OJ-\
-/0 -'-- j ()()() IIltll, ca lllHPfIHOM nnOLIa B = I (JO -,--I50() l7l1n .
gy)]Uilre TP3HC!TOprepa ce Kpelly flO 100 Ill. KOL\ rp,lHCnOpl'epa ca jeD.IIHM 110rOf-lOM,
DOK ce rrpHMel-iOM Belier 6poja Jll1lmjcKHx norOf-la OBa D.Y)KYlIJa iVlO"Ke 3HaTf-lO
nOBenanl.
l--!eJ\OCTauYl fInOyaCTHX TpallcnopTepa y 0D.HOCY Ha TpaKacTe cy:
BeJlYlKa COI1CTBelW Te)KHHa 1l0KpeTl-lI1X nenOB3 TpaHcllopTepa YI penaTYlBHO
BeJlYlK3 1l0TPOWI-b3 eHeprYlje 3<1 KpeT<ll-be,
CJI())KeH<I KOHcrpYKUl1ja HeKYlX ene~1el-l<lTa TPaI1CIlOpTepa (JIaHUYI ca
BeSlMKYlM 6pojeM OCOBHl-lI1Ua H TOL!KOBa),
penanlBHO CJIo)](el-iO 11 cKyno Onp)KaBaJbe,
Y npYlMeHl1 ce HaJla3e p33He BpCTe nJlOLJ3CTI1X Tp3HcnopTcpa. 3a pacyTe l1 KOM3J\He
TcpeTe ce npHMelbyjy Tp,lI-lCnOpTCpH ca llJlOLJ3Ma 6e3 Mel)YCOOI-Ior pa3M3KCl
9-1 Tpa1lC110pll'lllO 1I "pCmOliapJlCI CPC()CII/IW U ypehuju ----------------------------~----~-----
cnSlJa, 6, B, r. I~QK 3a Tp,mCnQPT KQMaJl,HQr Tcpc-ra cc npvI;vlelbyjy TpaHcnopTcpH
ca PC13M<.lKHYUl\1 C,lCMCHTHf>W (f1J101.I<.lMa) cn. 5.11IJ, I) e KOjH cc HajLJCWOc KOpHCTe
33 pa:ll(Bajal-bc ( COpT11palhC) rI11CMOlI0CHHX nQlIJv!Jl,KH.
5.3.2 OCHOBHH eJICMeHTH n ,aeJl0BH
BY<UHl mmau
Ko,J, P;"!OlJaCTHX TpaflcnopTcpa ce Kao E)"HIYl CJlCMCHani llaj'lcwhe KopHCTe
nCl.vre,laCTH Jl3HLHL CJr. 5.J E, r. P a,'} y] nORel1al-ba EeKa Tpajalba JlaHLJa OOY1LJHO cc
KQPHCTC JIaMCJHlCTYI JlaIILJYl ca lwypaMa, C;l. 5.! 6, KQje Qoc36ci)yjy 110BWblmja
(lIlTepChClba H MaI-be xa6albC l1pYl CaBYlj81by npCKO naII LIC1I-lHKa. !I:! cn. 5.13a cy
f1pHKa3a!m ,J,eTaJbH naMeJIaCTHX naHa[Ja ca 'laypaMa. llopeJ~ TQra 360.1' C;Vlal-bCl-ba
OTflQpa KpeTaI-bY Yl3pa1lyjy ce JlaMCnaCn! IIaHWi ca TOLJKQEHMa, CII. 5.136, B.
oj
6)
C'l1I7W 5.13. IIa,Hc.'lacl1Iu ,7W11IU 11.'l0'{([Cm1lX I1Ij!OIiC110pl1lCpa
HoccnH CJICMCHTH
KaQ HQCenl1 eIfe,\leHTH nJ104aCTHX TpaHCnQPTepa KOpl1CTe ce nnQLle 0.,[( MCTaJla,
ApBeTa. nnaCTI1Ke I1TJl,.
Ha cn, 5.14 cy npHKa3aHH HQCerlJ.-! enelVIeHTH nnO'laCTHX TpaHcnopTepa.
J7[m 1IOCl1IU mpOIIC170PlllCPU 95
Ii)
C'llIJ.:O 5.1-1. Hocel7u CJlI!.;ldCJIIIIII 11."1O'/(fCfIlIlX I1lpCIIICllOpmcpa
lIa cn. 5.14a 11 6 cy npHKil3i.UIC l1JIQLIC 3a TpaHCnQPT KQMa;..\HQr TepeTa. OCJlatbaFbe
BYYl-IQr JIaHlJ,a i\IQ)Ke Ol1TH 113BC,ClCHQ 11 npCKO TOLJKOBU yrpaljcHl1x y Hoceny
KOHCTPYKU11jy_ WTQ Qi\lOryhyjc naKwe Q):(P}IWBillbC 11 3aMcHY TQ'IKOBa 6C3
;J,eMQHT(l)Ke Jlal-J[Ja. l--la cn. 5.14B cy .QaT>] np11Ka3H HQcel1l1x eneMeHaTa copTepa.
KapaK'rep11CTI1Ke H ormc llorOHCIOIX H :laTC'HlHX ypcl}aja KOjH ce npHlVIC}byjy KO):l
nIfQyaCTl1X TpaHCnQPTepa cy ):laTH y Ta4K11 5.1.2.
5.3.3 llpopa"-IYH nJlOl.l<lCTHX TpaHcnoIHepa
O)]'peljHsalhc Kanau.HTCTa H lloTpeonc IllHpHne TpancnopTcpa
Dpl1 TpaHcnopTOBalbY KQ.'vlaJ],l-IOr TepeTa nIfOLJaCTHM TpaHcnOpTepl1Ma KanaW1TCT ce
o,npe1)yje Ha OCI-lOBY l13pa3a (3.8),
96 TPW1CI10pmll{f II I1pel110CCI]ma cpe()cmca u ypeljaju
0= 3600. ~ [kom{j' - T Ih
O[(HOCHO aKO ce ,aXTeBa oilPcl)eH K<lrIatJ}1TeT nOTpc6aH pa3:-VWK lBMCl)y TepeTa
(!(OpaK) .ic:
v T = 3600
Q
D01-pe6l-la Ull1pHI'la rIJlOLIe 3a KOlv13jXl-l11 TepeT .ie:
B = CI +- 50 .c./D() [I11/J1] (5.16)
DOTpe6Ha UIliplifla IIDOlia 3a pacYTIi MaTepHjan ce YCBaja flPC:vJa ycnoBY:
B;::: 1] . at +- 200 [IJIm]
rnc je: a' [mm] - Ha3HBHa J1HMeH3Hja Tepera (Ta4Ka J.I)
OTIIOPH KOjH cc jaBJbajy rIpH KpeTar'bY nn048CTor TpaHcnopTcpa cy OTIIOPIi Ha
XOpr1'30IlTanHO!'vI. KOCOM Ii KpylBOmn'mjcKOl'vr )~eJly nYTa (nO[(Y)KHI1 OTflOpli) H OTnop
Ha ;U1WlaJIHLl,I1Ma (nOKilJ1HI1 OTflOp). OnpeljlmaJ-bc OBHX OTllopa CC BplllH Ba lJaLJI1H
K3KO je TO l1'3nOJKCHO y o;:(eJbKY 5_2. Kao WTO je Ben HanOMeHYTO. 3601' "lanc
6p3I1J-!e KpCTal-ba, 3aHcMapyje CC OTnop Ha YTOBapHOM MeCTY flOK je OTflOP Ba
HCTOB3PHOM i'vlCCTY p3B3H HynH jep ce rIPHMCfb)je I1CTOB8P lla KpapbC'v1 ,13114aIlliKY·
Y C;lYLlajy HCTOB3pa nOMony CKpeTHHua Mory CC KOPHCTHTH pa31vJaTp3lb3 )J,aT3 npH
aHilJll13H OBliX OTfIOpa KOn TpaKaCTlIX TpaHcnopTcpa.
DpenopYLICHC BpeJU-!OCTH :V1Hl-II1MaJlHe CHne Y naHUY cy:
OpjeBTaUHOHa BpeAIlocT Te)KHHe 110Kpenll1X L(enOBa TpaHcllopTcpa jc:
qo = 60 . B + K'f [kg / 111]
r[(e je: B [Ill] - wHpHHa Hoccncr cnCMeHTa (I1f!OLIa),
K'f - Koe4J HUHjeHT TC)KHHe (T-5.2),
(5.17)
qo = ql + ~ + Gn [kg / m] - Te)J(HHa nOKpeTHHx [(CnOBa TpaHcflopTepa, [, tIl
Iialll{aClJlU mpallCllopnlepu 97
T-5.2. Koe(lJHl~YIjern Tc)KHHe
r-lOce!ler i LlJHPHH21 noceller C:1C:lrClrra B [Ill]
CIlCMCIlTa 0.4 .c. 0,5 0.65 -;- 0.8 > 0.8
J1aKH
I
.:1-0 50 i 70 I
CPC[(J-bI! 60 70 i 100 I
TeUlKH I 80 110 ISO
llpH O[(pctjIIBaJ-bY no;:rpKHHX oTflopa Koeq)VlI~YIjeHT onlopa (c) ce :\10)1«;" 3a
fliiOLIaCTC TpaHCflopTcpe y,eTH npeMa flOIjaIJ.HMa !.\aTI1M Y ra6CJll1 T-";.~.
Koe4mqYIjcrn OTllopa JlaHLlaHHKa KOjH Y3HMa Y 06:mp TpObC Y IbcrOBOM ;le)KHUJTY
H KPYTOCT naHIJ.a IIpe:lIa T8LIKii 5.2.3 P = (J,D5 .c. O'()7 .
T-5.3. KOC(pYll~H.iCH'r oTl1opa KpCTal-ba (c)
YC,lOBH pana
TP3HCllopTcpa
Jl,06PH
CpeWhI!
TCUJKH
BpCTa ne)]{aja TO'{]{OBa
0.06.c.0,08 OJJ8.c.O, 1 0
0.10.c.O,l3
KOTPJb3jHH
0.020 OJJ30 0.045
nOr-peOI·/a CHara '3Cl KPCT(llbC cc oJ.\pctjyje lW OCBOBY pcnaw·!jc:
U·v p=--
r;
rAe jc: U = SI - S1 - 06Hi'vlHa CHna Ha nOlOHCKOM naH'-laHliKY,
v [Ill / s] - 6p'3HHa KpeTaJ-ba,
77 = 0,6 .c. 0,85 CTcnCH HCKopHwl'iel-ba norOHCKOl McxaHli3Ma.
(5. J 8)
Sf' S 1 - CHne y naHqy Ba Hal1J1a3Hoj 11 CHJla3HOj CTpaHl1 naWlaHl1Ka Koje ce
MCTO[(OM 06HJJaCKa KOHType Ha I1CTH HaLIHH Kao KOA TpaKaCTI1X'
TpaHCflopTepa.
98 TpallCl10pnU/a u npenwaap7lo cpe!Jcl7l!!U II ypehaju
5.4 BHcenM Tpam~nopTepM
BHCCllH TpaHCflOpTCPI1 ce llpBeHCTBel10 KOpl1CTe 3a Tpal-lcnopT KOMa~Ulor Tepera
(naKenl YI Bpelie) no CJI())KeHoj npoCTopl'loj TpaCH, CIl. 5,15. KapalGCpHCTHKa OBI1X
TpaHcnopTepa je nOCTaBJbaJbe Hocehe KOHCTpYKUHje 1131JaJl, pa;l,HOr npocTopa
(Hcno.Q nnacjJoJIa) JlO KOjOj ce KpellY KOJIYIl(a. ca flocellHM ejleMellTOM, :vret)ycooHo
nOBe3aHHX BY'Il-IH:Vl ,1a!-ll!,elVl.
Olllli:a 5.15. Tpaca (!ucene? mpwlcl1oj)lJlejx/
OBH TpaHcnopTepH HM£~Y [leOMa Bll)KHY yelOry Kao cpegcTBo ylfYTpmu}ber
TpaHCllopTa y nOlllTaMa, MOHT(l)KIIHM nOCOHHMa H clulagHlllTHMa. 3aXB3Jbyjynfl
KapaKTepHCTHKaMa O[lHX Tpar-']CnOpTepa oMorylielIa je f]OTflYfla aYTOMaTH3au Vlja
npOl\eCa npepa,Il,e.
BHcellH TpaHcnopTepH ce iVlOry no.ueJ1HTH, cn. 5.16, J-la:
je.uHowHHcKe Hml BY'leHe BHcel1e TpaHcllopTepe,
ABOWHHCKe HJ1H nOTHcKyjYI1t BHcelie TpaHcllopTepe (Power - free ),
BHcenH TpaJ-IcnopTepH ca lJaBOjHHM BpeTeHOM
Bf1CellH TpaHcnopTepH ca aYTOHOMHHM nOf'OHOM (eJ1eKTpWme BHcene
CT33e)
J7cllI'IacI'llU 1I1P(/}ICl10pmepu 99
KapaKTepf1CTf1Ka npse rpyne, UL 5.16a, je CTamJa Be3a f13Mefjy sYYHOr JIaHL\a ~1
Hocener eneMeHTa ca KOH!1l.\cli'vIa Koja ce Kpclly no Hocei1oj WHim. Osaj nlll
TpaHcnopTepa je npocre KOHCTPYKUYIJC H pcnClTHBHO jCc\lTHIi anH ca Orpam1yellOJ'v!
cjlJleKCf10HJIHOWI1Y,
):\pyra rpyna SHCCllHX Tp,U-lcnopTepa cn. 5.160, l'Evl<l J!,Be o£lBojel-lc BOQYll\e (lmille)
no KOjl1M<l cc KpellY ;~Be cpylle lle'l3BVlCHHX. ICllJll1l\ll. no COpcbOj lllVlHl1 cc Kpcliy
KOJlBL\Cl Koja Hoce HYYHB JlaHalj a no x!.pyroj IllHHH cc Kpel1y KOJIVll.\a ca llO ca Lfe:\,!
TepeTa. Be3a H3Meijy Te .QBe rpyne KOJH1Wl cc oCTBapyjc nYTeM nOTHCKHBaya Ha
BYLfHOM JlaHUY H 3aKpeTHHX 3yoa J-la .QOI-bHM KOJlBl.\HMa, BH,UH cn. 5.26. rIpe(l,!a
nOTpeoH M())Ke ce H3BPWHTH o.QBajaJ·be O,J)IOCHO nOBe3HBalbe .QOl-bl1X KOJlVlI,(a ca
ByLU-IWv! ~-laJlueM H Ha -raj lIa'lHH ynpaBJLIlTH KpeTalbeM KonHua CXO}lHO 3aXTeBHiv!a
TeXHOjlOillKOr npoL(eca. Ha oBaj HaLf!1H oMoryl1efIa je BeJIJ.1Ka qmeKCJ.10J.1nl-lOCT
KpCTal-La H OCTBapl1Balbe BHCOKOC CTenena aYToMaTJ.13al(l1.le ca gilJLHHCKHM
ynpaBJbatheM,
3a pa3J1I1Ky O.Q je.QllowHHCKHX 11 .QBOWHHCKHX BHcelmx TpaHcllopTepa, KOjJ.1 Kao
BY'lI-IH eneMel-IT HMajy :JaHal.\, KO,Q BHcei'tHx TpallcflOpTepa ca HaBojHBM speTeHoM
1l0KpeTalhe Komnxa ca !-Ioce11HM eneMeHTOM ce BplllH o6pTal-beM HaBojl-lOr BpeTel-la
cnperHYTor ca o,;:(roBapajyi1oM HaBI)TKO~1 fia KonHl,HMa. ):\Y)KHHe H OOJ1HUH Tpaca
OBHX Tpal-lCnOpTepa cy orpaHwlcHH na cy 31-IaTIlO Malbe y IlPYlMCHYI Y O,;:(HOCy Ha
OCTane BpCTe BYlCenHX TpaHcnopTepa ..
EneKTpHLfHe BHcei'le CTa3e npe,UCTaBJbajy Bucelle TpallcnopTepe ca COI1CTBeHVlM
llOf'OHOM KOJJHUa (BeMa !laHua) IlpH LleMY ce ellepreTcKH H ~l!1paBJba'IKH
npOBO.QHHL(H c:vrelllTajy y ra6pwre IlOcehc lllHHe (BO!jHl.\C).
mlcefll1 TpaHcnopTepvl
fl8HY8CTH norOH I
HenpeKl1p'Hll na H~aCHl
TpaHcnopTep
a)
"Power and free" TpaHcnopTep
6)
noroH ca Ha80jHIHA
8peTeHOM
c)
C:LUKa 5. j 6. Bpcll/e 6uceJ1ux mjJclIIcnopmepa
2)
100 TPWICIlOj!ll1l1O II IlpemO(!(jJiI/{f cpeOCI'lW([ U ypehuju
5.4.1
lOla cn. 5.17 Je L\,na rpaca. LUC:VlaTCKH rrp11KC13 11 H31-neL\ jeDHOlll11llCKOI
rpallcnovrepa.
Cm/lw 5.17. Jei.JHouUllIclW (iucenu mpaliCnOpl1lep
JIClll'locmu 171IHIlICIlOplJlepU flJl
OCHomlH CJICMCHTH H JlCJWBH
Kao eV'lllll e;WHi:'IICIlIJ (esr. 5.18) KO)], jeWIOIUfIl'ICKYlX IlYlccllvlX TpaHefiopTepa :YIory
ee KOPYlCTHTH KOBaHH J1aIliHL 3aBapeI-IH nalll.(H 11 ;JaHl.(H ca )],BOCTPYKOM OCOBHHOM
(K21pLl21HcKI1 '3rno6), cn. 5.1. lfOl-IeK<Iil ce ](210 ny"ilIl1 eJleMeHaT KOpr1CTl1 11 qenYl'lHO
Y)Ke Koje je naKLUe H jeCilTHlIMje 0)], Jlalll.(a amI IbHXOBa Be3<1- nyreM TpOha CLl
IlOcen11;vl enCfvlCHTOM orpCU-HFlaBa npHMer-1Y ca~lO Ila TpaHcnopT n(lKYlX npe)],MCTa y XOpH30HTaJllloj paBl-n!.
C7Ul,a 5.18. ilplf..1fep (Ie]e _'1L1111!a u umlLe: !-lilWIO, 2-Jlocehu IJJOWI);, 3-.w/wI!
I{()jnll!({ ey 1':0,'.( jeJ~HOLUHHCKHX C'ra:llIO Be3alW 3a BY'IHI1 naww en. 5. i 6a H OHa ;lc:rOBpeMeHO j-IOce naJIar~ H l-loce!\vr eneMelWT ca TepeTOfYi. Ha CSi. 5.19
---"C+y~lf+lpR+l'IKa3a!la peWel-ba KOJlHl~a VI Be3a ca ByLlilJ.iM na!l!J,ervL
Hoceho l;oltCI7I}J)-'J;lfzfja ce CHCrojYl O,ZJ BOr)VIUe (rwme) H I-loca'!a 1a aeWal-bC,
HajLlem!ie 0 l1nacjJOIJ o6jeKT~1. Kao 1.1Ofll'IUe CC KOpYlCTe CraHI(apf\HYl XJIaL\HO Sa~DaHYl
H UCBH. l-Ia Cfl. 5.19 l\aTH cy llpYlMepH H3B(1)clba Hocenc
5) G)
Cnil(U 5. j 9. Koml/!a U lIoceha J;ollcmpYKl{ujajeOltOuwlIClaIX mpCiIIC170pmepa
10] Tj)([JJCl10pml-W 1I npemoecljma cperJCl7lea u ypef}aju
I-Iocenu eile.lIe/mILi cy np}U1aroljeHH 06JlHKY TepeTa KOjH Ce TpaHcnopTYJC. Ha Cfl.
5.20 npHKa3allH cy HOCeflH e,le~ICl!TH KOjH cc KopHcTe 3a TpaHcnopT W1KeTa H
Bpelia y nOllJTa'YJa.
HocellYI eneMel-ITlI 3a llaKeTeCfl. 5.20a Mory 6HTH OnpCMIGCHH ca ')aKlKTllHM
BHJbywKaMa 3a (lY-fOiV13TCKvl HC'fOsap. 3a Tpal-ICnOpT Bpcna sHccl1vIM
TP,ll-!C!lOpTCpHMa KOPHCTYl cc XBaTaJbKa y 06J1I1KY KJ1CLilTa Col. 5.206 Koja Mory 6YlTH
MexaHHCIKa H il,VTOMaTCKa ca ypcJjajcM 3a KO,QHP'U-bC.
~Il oj 0)
C'llll;a 5. ]0, I-Iocehu e:/e,l1ellll1l1 (JlIce17Z1x mjJClHcllopmepa
Om/etOlle/;u Jpehaju cc KopHcTe lIa KPHSOJlYJHHjCKHM "1CJIOByL\-Ia Tpace. f1pCJla3aK H3
Jc.rrHor y ,UpyrH npasal( KpeTal-ba y OCHOBH ce MOlKC I13BCCTI-l Ba ,UBa J-JaLfllHa - ca
OTIU10HCKHM JIaH'-laHHl(HMa, cn. 5.21 a, H OTKJ!OHCKI1M BaJbKaCTI1M 6aTCpl1jaMa, cn. 5.216. KoJl, na~'lcnaCTI1X JlaJ-laua ca KapJl,aHCKHM 3rJ1060M, cn. 5.1 Jl., Bofjelbe ce MOlKC
I-l3BCCTI1 ,lJ,HpeKTHo 6e3 OTiGIOf-lCKI1X ypcfjaja, cn. 5.21 B.
f1onynpC'-lHHK KPI1BOJIHl-ll1jcKor Jl,ena 3aBHCD O,U
nal-fl~a_ KOBaHI1 naHUI1, y 3aBHCHOCTH OJ(
nonynpe'-lHI1Ke BepTI1KanHC Kpl1BHHe OD: :2 Jl,O 8 m.
BcnW-IHl-Ie npeJl,MeTa 11 KopaKa
H,I1XOBOr KopaKa, '3aXTcBajy
Ilw/c/ucmu mpW/CI/Oplllepu
m- ffi $-:ttr r-v- m-. ! 'I i I I f
! I i
~ I->~ i, ,/ ¥
OJ
oj
A-A
u)
Cnll,'o 5.21. Olt/i,'JIOIICKli ypehaju (!lIcehux I1lpa;{cnopmepo
103
IJOZOllO:U ypebaju. 3a nororlcKc ypcfjaje BI1Cenl1X TPaJ-lcrlopTepa BaJKC pa3MaTpafba
D:aTa y YBOJl,HOM D:eny nal'l'-laCTHX TpaHcnopTepa. Ha CfI. 5.22 je ,TJ:aT 113rneJ( yraoHor
11 nl1HI1JcKor nOrOJ-ICKOr MexaHH3Ma.
II),:! TpWICnOpl1lHCl 1I npelllUliaplILI Cpe()Cl1lIW II ype~oju
0)
0)
em/gel 5.22. IIo?ollcl{U ypeijaju
]omcmu vpelJuju. KOJ( Bucellux TpaHcllopTepa ce KopHcTe ,!Be BPCTC '3,nC3HY!X
ypcl)aja - ca '3dTe3mlM TerOM u onpyroM. flOCTaBJbaj~e OBliX ypcl)aja cc BpWli Ila
Ol-lI1M MeCTliMa rJ~e ce Bpum npoMeHa npaBIJ,a KpcTatba BYlJ1IOr enCMCIlTa 3a 1800. Ha CJl. S.23 jc npHKa3ClII0 33Te3aJbC nOCi!Ohy TCra H neo Tpacc ea ',aTe3Hy!M ypcljajeM
ca IlaBOjHHM BperclioM.
C_'IUlW 5.23. 3Clme:mu ypeijaju
Y!7locap'w u uCmOIiClpltU ype/jaju. flOllrro cc 1l0cellH cnCMCHaT He 3aYCTaBJba pa,L(li
npKXBaTa!-ba H O,UJlaraH,a TepeTa OflTHMaJlHO pelllef-{,e OBor npo6neMa y npBOM PC,L(y
JIW/ L/OClllU I71PClHCI10pmepU 105
3aB,lCI:l OJ( 06JlHl(a Ii KapaKTCpHCTI:lIW TepCTa. Y cnYLlajy TcpeTa ;,laJiC TCJKI:lHe \IOiK~ CC npl:lMeHI:lTYI PYLJIII:l YTOBap H HCTOBap Maria cy y lIocne,uthC Bpe:Vle OBC oncpaquje
yrnaBHoM ayrolYl,lTYl30B,HlI: flpHMeHO,vj p06oTa. HCKll OllWTH npYlHL(HflH, KOj vi cc
Mory npl:lMeHlIHl npH pellldBCtrbY Tor npoonCMCl, npHKiUafll:l cy H(1 en. 5.24.
AYToMaTcKH YToBap WHI uCToBap Bpena ca B!lCci1er lJa TpaIGlCTH unH BiULKaCTK
TpHl-lcnopTcp ce H3BO,UH KOpllUl]lClbC:Vl ayroMaTcKc XBaTaJbKC (IClcwTa) npHlw3aH jc
lIa Cl. 5.24a. Ha cn. 5.246 jc lIpHKa3C111 HLl'l!lll YToBapa TCpeTa np,woyraOIlOr
OOJIYlKa ;\OK cn. 5.24B npHKa:;yjc MorYl111ocT f1CTOBapa OBaKBHX TcpeTa npcKo
nporjJl.1IIYlCdHe BOfjHL\C. lla cn. 5.241' je npYlKd3<lH YToBapllo-HcTOBapHYI ypcljaj ca
TpaKacTHM TpaHcnopT~poM.
0) oj
(1) ,0)
C'!taw 5.24. YI7I()CajJllu U UClllOGCljJIIU ypeijaju
106 TpallcnopnllLO u npe1770CapIIO Cpe()cnUiO U ypef}uju
5.1.1.1. npopa'IYll jeWIOlIHlHCKl1X Tp~mcrlOPTepa
3a llpopatlYH Tp,mcnopTepa lIeOnXO!,IIO jc 11~I:rrl1 Cl3e nOJl(lTaKe 0 TCpCTy: Maca.
Bpcra. o6mlK H /\I1MCH3HjC. nOpC!J Tora nOTpe01lY1 cy T,JLlIIyl Ilo~(m\H 0
TpaHcnOpTHoj TpaCI1, KapaKTepl1CTHKalVIa npo:mO):(HOr npoueca H YCJlOBHlVla pa;L2l.
KanaL\HTCT 11l1cciiflX Tpalicnopn:pa Qk [kom / h 1 CC OJ\perjyjc rIa OCHOBY Wlpa3a
(] .4). AKO ce 3aXTeBa o;J:pCI)elll1 KanaL\VlTCT TpallCnOI}Tcpa iVIorYl1C jc H3paLIYHaTH nOT'wOr LIO . ( ) " !J'-', paCTOJalbC KopaK Vl3:VIC!lY Tcpe-r~:
T Vi = 3600 -lllli':;; (5.19)
npH 'ICMY 6p3HflY KpeT~lha. v [Ill / s], Tpcoa OHpaTH y rpamlualVla on 0,1 no )5 r I ,]
~ l7ll / 171/11 rJJ.c z npcJJ.cTaBJba 6poj KOMa):la Tcpe-ra flO jC):lHOM HoccncM
cncMCHTY· OB(llW O):lperjeHa BPC):\IIOCT pa3MaKa I1'3MC1.jy TcpcTa Mopa na 3a!JOBOJbH
ycnoB ):Ia Ha KOCI1M, Kpl1BOnl1HHjcKHM 11 BepTHKamH1M fJ,cnOBHMa TpaHcnopTepa
pa3MaK U3MCljy TepeTa, 3601' lUlXalba, He 6yne MalbH 0):1 Ll = 100-'0-200 mm, cn.
5.25. OI\HOCHO MOp~ 6UT" T T n > 1/1/1/'
3a KOCH ):leo Tpace:
(5.20)
rce je' a - 1- 0 . /0" ~ • lIIm -..,) ~ () - MaKCHManHH YI'!IOBH Kocor J:(ena Tpace.
3a BepTHKiWHH ):leo Tpace je:
(5.2! )
JIWI4C1CIIlU 111paJ/Cl70pmepU
u)
Gj
5;
W FN F",-rr-
;x '
--~m"'" [I ~':f "",,' ','!,'II m +m " ' 'I' r 0 j:!
'if
2)
CWKCl 5,,25. IlJeJ1f{[ ](/ oape&U()Ulbe JJUClllOjalbU II Ol7l110PU
rIopCg Tora pa'3MaK TepCTa Mopa O):lrOBapaTH o):lpel)CIIOM 6pojy KopaKa naliua:
I07
T = 2· 11 t [1I111l] (5.22)
f):lC je: n = ], 2, 3 .... - uco 6poj
t [111m] - KopaK naHIJ,a.
Omnopu KpemwbCl ce o)J.pei)yjy Ha CJ1H4aH Ha4HH Kao H KO):l OCTaJIHX nalFlaCTI1X'
TpaHcnopTepa.
OTflOP Ha npaBOJlHI"lHjcKoM ):Ieny Tpacc (XOpH30HTanaH neo 11 )J.CO flOg IlarH60M):
(5.23 )
108 TPWlCiWj!lJIIIU u npemO(;oplia Cpe(}CIII(f(f II ypel)oju ----------------------~~~~----
OnlOp Ill] BCpTHKa.:mOM ;Jcny:
LIS == 2 F\ . 17 . C ± q! . g . h
KaKO je f1pe~!a cn. 5.25r cwra npffHICKalbit TOLIKOBa Iia LllHlIy (BolJYIl.~Y):
. b == (171. -+- m ). (Y • -
j. II 1..'->
Ii
a opoj KO!IHUa Ila nOCMaTpm'IOM BCPTY!IGlJlHOM LIC.'"!\':
h !l ""-
T
OTnop Ha BepTHKili1I-lOiVI i1e:lY je:
.-:lS == q,' ' (Y • h..L ) . !2 . Ln + 1/1 ). l! . !2 . c [N] ... '" ' I - T \"J II, l. ! i
(5.24)
I';:(C Je ;:(PYI'I1 LwaH nOCJle;1Y1L(a Tpelba Y TOYKOBYIMa naflLia 3001' KOH30JIHOl'
L\enOllalba Te)KHlJa TepeTa (lilt) 11 Hocellcr eneMel·rra (mJ. K~lKO cc IlpH6S1H)KHO
Mo/Ke Y3CTH ;'.Ia jc:
KOHClLJHO ee Zlo6Hja:
( h i [_,1 .JS ~ q i . g' h II i-c 7. . c I !V J
\ t j )
(5.25)
Ornop y BCpTHKaJllloj KpvIBYlHH:
(5.26)
(haj H3pa3 O}}I'Clllapa Yi3pa3Y (5.8) H (5.9) C TH!l1 UlTO ce y UllOM ja13Jbajy
BdiYl OTIIOPH 36o!' Tpe!b3 SeHLl,a TOLIKa I1ml HeSl3 HOC(lLla KOJlHna 0 Bol)HL,e. WTO ce
Y3HMa y o6:mp npe](o KoeclJl1nHjelrra 13. OCIiOP Y KpvIBI1HY! C3 OTlCJ10HCKHM JlaHLJaHYlKOM (XOpH30HTaJJ31'1 I1JIH BepTY!Kanm'l)
Je:
(5.27)
Omop y XOpI1301·rranr·Ioj KpmmlH1 ca OT](JIOHCKOM 6aTepHjoM ce oLlpel)yje 31laJIOrHO
H3pCl3y (5.27) 11 H3pa30M:
llLmWICIilU mpallCI10pmepli
Ill." 1 if == -'- I,kl! III - Maca TCIJCTa no LIY')IZHO!'vl :'dCTllV. T " " '"
q; kr;! m j - \Wca naHna,
T. 0{ [171] - KOPaLjl1 TepeTa ]1 KOJlYlLW .
I, h [/71] - ;:ry')KH!Ja H BHCHHa H3JiH3mba ria npaBOJlH!·mjcKoM JicnY,
Ik .hk [17l] - LIY)KHWl v! BYlCI1Hil H'3JJ)cJ3alb3 y KpHBHIIYI.
c, p, )0 - KoecjlHuHjellTYi OTllopa KpCTalbY T-5.4.
f3 == 1,15 -0- J,7.0 - KOeqJHUHjC!lT ,QorrYllCKHX OToopa.
T-5.4.
109
(5.28)
------~--------~--------------,------------------,
~I p le~' I Y CJIOBB pa.ua II rfpaBOnm1!1 ' I I i 06VXBilTHYi vrao I'la, OOVXBilTHH vrao "'I 'I TpaHCIlOD, TCP I .len! Zleo I " " 0' "',
I ,lClI;Lf::U!l1KY i c '! oaTepHja i 0 I 1 a ~:-----------+'--------~~------~------__ ----'--r-------
I 45
I JJ:06PH
I Cpem'bH
TeWKI1
I c 0.015
I 0,020
,0,027
90 180
0,025 I 0,030 I
0,033 \ 0,040
0,045 I 0,055
<30 I
60
0,020 0,025 0,030
0,025 0,032 0,037
0.030 0,040 0,045
HArfOMEHA: lloJJanH BCDKe :.m KOSlHLja Cel KOTpJl>ajHHM JlC)f(ajeBHMa TOLfKOBa
BeJIHL!HHa CHII3 Y naHLl,y
Kowrypc npl1 LJeMY Je
Sill/II ==500-0-1500 [N],
Y! flO'rpe6H3 CHar3 ce oL\perjyjy MCTOL\OlVI 06HJlClCKa
MHHI1MaJIHa oma y JlaHny OBHX Tpal'lcnop-repa
110 TpclIIcnopmHCl LI npemoeapllCl cpecknwL1 u ype&aju ----------------------~----~----~.
5.4.2 ABounnlcI\:H (noTHcKyjyfiH) TpaHcnopn~pH .
Ha nOyeTKY nOrJ1aBJ'Da 5.4 Oopa3JlQ)Ke!-le cy OCHose CjlYHKUYlOHHCafb<l /:(BOLUYlHCKOr
TpaHcnopTepa, cn. 5.16. OCHosHa npeLlHocT OSYlX TpallcnopTepa ce orJIc;:\a y
:l-lOryllHocTH He3aSHCHor KpCTaIba KOJmua ca TepeToM y OgHOCY !Ia ByLfHH ~lmtall
WTO HX onpe;:\eJbyje ,a KOPHwl1clbe npH pemaBaIbY CJlQ)KeHHX TpmlCnOpTllYIX
npoo.'leMa. OBIi ypel)ajH ce seONla 'leCTO KopHcTe Y CKJIOny aYTOi\I<lTvI30BiHlHX
TpaHCl10pTHHX CHCTeMa (T3B. Power - TpaHcIlopTepH) l-la CII. 5.26 cy
npHKa3ami rlpvHvlepYl ):1DOWl1lICKOr BHcet1er TpaHcnopTepa. CacTojH ce y OCllODH 0):1
gBe pa3):1BojeHe LUHI-le (lI,BOUlHHCKH) Koje oMoryhaBajy He3aBHCHO KpeTiube naHl.\a
Kao BYLfHor enel\leHTa H KonHua ca 3aXBaTH¥IM cpe.::\cTBoM Kao HocenHM eneMeHTOM
(J13Hau. nOrOl-beH - power a HocellH ent:vleHT cJ1000)]aH - Fee) UlTO npeKO
oll,roBapajyhHx CKpeTHHua H BepTHKaJIHHX 1l0,aH3aLfa ooe30el)yje Be;1l1KY
qmeKcHoVU1HOCT OBHX ypel)(~a.
1
J1WI'IOCIlIU I17POIlCIlOpnlepU
1Il1lHEl !lInGB "lHIl
hJIlIH
HOCeflil
CJIO(rO~HII
T1.Y'H< .. )Bll
C'fUKCl 5.16. )JCoulUllcnl Bucehu IJIj)(l1lc170jJmepu
111
Ha cn. 5.27 je npHl{(133f-la weMa Tpal-lCnOpTl-IHX Tpaca BHUle MeljycoollO I10Be3aHUX
)JBOllIUHCKHX TpaHcnopTepa. l1pHMep npHKa3aH Ha TOj cnHqI1 nOKa3yje BenHKe
MOrynHOCTI1 OBHX Tp<lHcnopTepa ClYljOM npHMeHoM MQ)Ke OHTH nOBe3aH uenoKynaH
lUlKnyc pa)Ja. T- I je BHCenH TpaHcnopTep KOjH oncJlY)KY je YJIa3llO CKJla):1I1UlTe, T -II ce Ha.,la31i y o,aeJbeJ-!.>y 3a npepa,ay )J,OK ce T-Ill KOPHCTH Y o,aeJbc"bY 3a
pa3BpcT<lBal-be H Maral~Hol-mparbe. BHCehJ.1 TpaHcnopTep T- IV ce Hana3fi y
H3J1a3Hoj 30HyL Hocena KOJIHua ca TepeToivl npeJla3e ca jeW'Je HLl ;lpyry Tpacy
rnaBHHX TpaHcllopTepa flocpeJlcTBOM Be3HHx TpaHcnop;r'cpa (4) YlJlH nocpe)JcTBoM
:vlel;yonepalJ,HOHOr CKJla,aHWTa (5). Ha csaKOM TpaJJCnOpTepy cy npeI\BHlJeHYI
nOMollw1 KonoceUH (2) r,ae ce H3)JBajajy HOCena KOJlHua. Ha Kpajy lJ,HKJlyca npa3Ha
KOJlI1lJ,a ca Hocel1HM eJJeMeHTOM ce, npeKo Be3Hor TpaHcnopTepa (6), Bpallajy Ba
1l0'leTHY n03fiUHjy cnpeMHa 3a OTnOClHfbaJ-be HOBor ll,HKnyca.
112 TpcmcI/opn17l0 /I npemocopllo cpe(!cnma 1I ypehaju
3 23 '.~/
2
2
6
'1
2
C'lll7W 5.27. Tpllca ()(!UUlUlICJ{UX lillcenux 17IPWIC17ojJl!lepa
BcnHHa OCHOl3liI1X enCMeH,.rra H ;J,enOBa L(BOLllHHCKHX Tpancnovrepa je I1CTOBeTH-=a'----~~ __
Kao 1(0,[\ je.QHowHlICKI1X (BYLillU nalJaI~, norOllCKI1 ype!jajkL OTKnOHCKI1 ypeljajri 11
3aTC3Hl1 ypeljajH). OCHOBHI1 e,leMellTH 11 J(enOBH KOjY! cy KapaKTepHCTWlI-IH caMO 3<l
;(BOlllHHCKe TpmlCnOprepe, Ii He IlplIrVlel-byjy ce KO.Q je;J,lIOLllHHCI<t1X, cy ypeljaju 3a
CnpC3al-bC KOolHua HocehHX enCMCHaTa H ByL!HOr JIat-Il(a, CJI. 5,28a, 3anlM
CKpeTHHue, cn. 5.286 H CHCTeM 3a aYTO;'vlaTCKO yIIpaBJbaIbe.
Ha cn. 5.28a je npHKa3aH fHJL!HH Q)YHKUI10HHCal-ba XBaTG1YKOr ypel)aja y c:ryyajy
HaHnaCKa KOm-lua Ha npeTxo,[\Ha KOJIVII(a Koja MHpyjy.
Ha CII. 5.286 je IlpOKa3aHo Bowe o6nH!za cKpeTHHx ypeljaja KojHMa ce o!J.peljyje
npaBal..( KpeTal-ba TepeTa.
JIcllIl{ocmu I1IPWICllOpl7lepU Il3
0)
0)
C'I1I1,:O 5.28. 17jJlIIll/UI7 :mvcmoe.bOlbil If o:pelJlUlbO llocenllx };1J.'1l11!U
HaLIH!! flpOpaYyHa ;J,BOLllHHCKHX TpaHcflopTepa ce pa3J1HKyje Og jeW-IoillHHCKHX flO
TOMe uno ce Mopajy o;\pegHTH oTrJopn KpeTaIba 1l0ce6Ho ropI-bHX H ;.'\Ol-bHX
KOfIHl..(a. bp3HHa KpeTal-ba naHl..(a KO,[\ OBYlX TpaHcflopTepaje 0,[\ 0,3 ,[\0 25 ill/min.
OrnopH KpeTal-bY 3a pa3Jll1YYlTe genOBe Tpaca cy:
XOPH30HTaJIHH geo
LlS=(q ·c +(/.,c ). a./ [N] J;' ,!-:' 1 ({ d 6> (5.29) .
3a KOCH ,[\eo
LlS = (qg .cg +q;, .cd)·g·/±{qg +q;Jg.h[N] (5.30)
114 7j){IllCI10j!111110 u npelJ)OCOplI{I Cpe()cl7llJa II ypeljaju
3a OTIGlOl-lCKl1 naWIaHYIK Y XOpfi30HTaJIl-Ioj paBl-lH
JS=j).S,-f(':;'\{flh +-17l,+-!Il.,.)'£;.' [N] ,_ fig I, I { (5.3 I)
AKO CC CTaBl1 R·C(
7 = H CXO,'l,HO mpa:.lY (3.S5) YBe,r(C O)JrOBapajYl1a C;,IClIa ,Qo6lIja
ce: T
3a XOpH301-rraclHY OTKJIOI-ICKY 6arepHjy
.1S=,1,')+;:.7'(m, ~17l +1l1-.-)'cr lfNJ' ~ I '::l '-' , f{g' Ii ; , <-'-,
(5.32)
(5.33 )
AKO ce YBCD,Y CMClle, Kao Y npeTXO)JHO'vl CJlY'Iajy, j~06Hja ce:
_is' '('. ,. 'R [,,] L.o =/"",-T'C;'g'q,,' .C( iv (5.34)
3a KPHBHHY Y BepTHKamlOj paBllfi
.1S = fJ' 11(<> . C + (]', . C I)' (Y.! + S . CC( +- ((1 +- 'j' ';)' cr· hJI [N] 6g (/(<."-:> I -g i.0 (5.35)
r:le je: q;; [kg/m] - pacnopel)cl-la Maca Koja je Ita .=teny TpallCllopTepa oe3 TepeTa
q:; = CIcio H Ha D,eny TPaJ-lCIlOpTepa ca TepCTOM (/; = qel '
Cg - Koecjll-1LuijellT Ufnopa npyl KpeT<llbY no roplboj lUHl-lH,
Cd - KoecjlHl(YIjellT OTnopa flP¥! KPC'l'Cll-bY no JICllbOj LUmm,
/3 - KOCClll1LIHjCHTH OTrIOpa Ha KpvlBOnHllYljcKYIM D,CJlOBHMa Kao !C0,U
Je;JHOWHHCKHX,
c: - KOe(jmUYljeHT ,UOIIYHCKor oTliopa npH KpeTaJ-bY Y XOPH30HTaJlI-lOj
KpHBl--lHH,
Z - opoj HoccnHX KonHlla Koja CC HCTOBpeMel-lO IlaJla3e Y KpHBHllH
( KC(I lZ=rJ'
DPH npopa4YHY OTnopa OD,rGBapajylic paCnOD,eJbeHe Macc nOKpeTl-Il-lX CnCMCf-laTa TpaJ-IcnopTepa H Tcpcn cy:
(5.36)
fhlJ-l1{{Icmu mpOllCl10jllJlepu II5
(5.3 8)
rD,e jC: Iil kg [kg] - Maca l"OpILHX KonHl~a 3a HOlllClbC SlaIlua,
11I;,d [kg-] - Maca .LlOlb'lX (HoccnHX) Ko;mua,
mil [kg] - Maca Hoccncr cnC,VICHTa,
T" [17/] - Kopa K roplbHX KOJll.HW,
T[m]- KopaK TcpeTa,
qi [kg/m]- Maca 2W)J(Hor MeTpa JlaHua,
BpeD,HOCTH Kocclml(Hjcmn-a OTflopa Cg ,Cd H; cy y 3aBHCHOCTYl 0,01 YCJlosa pa)J,a
D,aTfl Y TClOCJlfi T-5,5 .
1'-5,5.
I I YcnOBH papa
I
1)J,06Pfi
CPCW'-bH
TCiUKH
KoecllHUHjcm
Cg
1°,014-,-0.035
I 0,020",0,045
I (J 07 )-~O O~O i ,- . , -
0,015",0,020
0,020-,-0,030
0,025~0,040
I KoccimUlljcHT C ,
t----~ . ,'0 -j i (J, = 90" a = 180"
I 0,05 O,OS
O,OG 0, I 0
0.07 0,12
HanoMcHa: C( [a j -yrao c!CpeTalba y XOPH30HTGLlilOj pamlYl. MalLC BPCD,HOCTH 3a ,
KOeCpHLll--IjeHTe ce OJ(HOCe 3a scl1c TCiKHHe TcpeTa I
BCnWIHl-Ta CHJlCl Y SYLJHOM JlaHuy H nurpCOf-la CHam CC o,UpcJ-)yjy MeTOJ(OM
OOVInaCKa KOHTYpC npH lJeMY MHHHMamlY Cf-JJ[Y Y flaIlL(Y KOD, OBHX Tpm'lcnopTcpa
Tpc6a Y3eTH pa H3I-lOCH S"IiH = 1,5,",3 [kN] , 110PCp Tora Tpe6a HMaTH Y BHD,Y pa cy
yrnoBH IlanJ6a Tpace Y BepTHKa.nf-loj paBf-lH orpaHH4cHfi Ha 45°,
116 TpWICl/(JpnulO u npelll()lJapflU Cpe(Jcl1l15C1 11 )pe/}uju
5.4.3 norOHOM
C'lw:a J.29. 11leMwncKl! nplIIW] IJlIcehez IIIjJCiI{C!10plJlep({ co U)JmO//IJ.llllllM 110Z01f().1l
OCHOlllJa KapaKTCpl1CTHKCl OBHX TpaHCrlOpTepa je. CJfWlHO KaO 11 BHCenHX
TpaHCnOpTepa. nOCTClBJbaH,e HOCe]\e KOHCTPYKuHje HCnO;:\ nnacj)OHa. no KOjO] CC
Kpe11Y KOolHWl ca Hoce11HM eJlCMeHTOM. Pa'lJIHKa jc Y TOMe lllTO SHccl1H
TpaHcnopTepH 'la KpeTalbe KOflHua ca Hoce11HM ypcf)aje"cl KopHCTe nalUI\ Kao Byl.JHH
CJIeMeHT, L\OK ce KOL\ OBHX ypeljaja KpeTal-be oCTsapyje nOMony He3ClSHCl-lOr
noroHcKor McxaHH3Ma KOjH je HOCTaBJbel·j Ha caMHM KOflHlU1Ma (21yroHoMllH
norml). OsaKBO peLUel'be KpeTiU'b21 oMorynaBa Beny (jmeKCfiOfiJll-lOCT ,UIH y3 Behy
I\CHY y OJU-JOCY Ha ;:(SOUH1HCKe sHcelie TpaHcnopTepe. OCl-lOBlla llOj\ena OBHX
ype1jaja \101Ke Jia ce H:3BpLUYl npe~Ia lia'1VlHy ooe30eljelba 11 YIIPaBJbiHba ca
1l0roHCKH:Vl MeXaHl'i3MOM. Ko;J, T3B. :\'lOllopeja llamuaI-be Yl YlipaBJhClibe ce W1BOL\Yl
rrpeKO jeL(f-lOr (llJleKCYlOllJlllOr KaOjf(l KOjH KOJJHLW I1pl1 KpeTCllbY ByKy ca COOmy!.
OBaKBYl ypeljajH cy 6 HJl 11 paJ1Ylje y np!'l:vleillo aml cc L\CllI(lC peTKO ·3601'
3H(l1.[(ljl-lHX orpaHwlclMl KClO nOCJle,21)1l(e l-Ianaji1l'ba IIYTeM KaOna.
rpyna 013HX TpaHcflopTcpa T3B. IHicehe CJleKT[lIpmC na:3C (ElIE). '321
Hanajm-be Yl ynpaBJhalbe ca nOr-GHCKHM MeXal1H3MOM KOJlYlL\a KOPHCTYl ceT KJllTll-lHX
13ol)Hua CMeWTeHHX Y caM HocaLI TP<HlCliopTepa (I-npocjJHJl). l-Ia :VleCTH:Vla rpaHatLa
YlJJYl cnajal'ba ,QeJlOBa LUHHCKe cra3e 06e:l6el)eHo je KOHTVIHYaJIl-lO nanajal-be H lle3a
npeKo O.D,fOBapajyhHx OL\Y'3HrvIa'1a cTpyje KOjH ce Hana3e l-Ia KOJlHUYlMa - B03Hny.
OBO B03WlO MO)Ke na ce 3aycTGlBH. PYLJJIO nOlllepa, tla cc BpU1Yl L\Yl3c1J-be Yl cll)'urrarbe
(pa3.D,13ojeH cerMeHT LUYlHe) B03HJ1a 3aje;:(Ho ca HOCCflYlM ypeljaje"cl, ,!],a Melba npaBal\
KpeTal-bGl (CKpeTHYll(e) Ha CJlWJaH Ha'1Yll-l Kao VI L(BOWHl-lCKH BHcellYl TpaHcnopTepH
npYI LIeMY nocrojH H MoryhHocT perynal\Ylje Op'3HHe (O,lJ, 10 L\O 100 M/MHH) Y TOKY
KpeTal-ba caMor Bo:mna LUTO L\aje OL\pel)eHY npe,lJ,l-!OCT ca CTaflOBYlLUTa MaHeBapCKYlX
cnOC06HOCTYl. OCI'JOSHYI HenOCTal\Y! osor ype1}aja y OiiHOCY Ba BHcehe J\BOUlYlHCKe
TpaHcnopTepe je Bena ueHa jep je opoj norOllCKHX ypel)aja jew~aK 6pojy B03YIna Y
O;:(HOCy Ha je;:(aH norOH KOL\ BHceher TpaHC!10pTepa H npo6neM ooe30eljefba
.J1wIL{UCmU fllpoflc}Jopmepu 117
npelloca CHarc nY-fe,'1 TPC1'bLl H3Mcl)y nOl"OrrCKOr TOL[KLl [1 LUHHC. LUTO Cel je:wc
crpaile OrpaIll1'JaBa HOCHBOCT noceOHO HCl J~eJlOBHMa no,!], HanjOO~i a ca ,Qpyre
crpalle y3poKyje np06ne,VIC Be3<lHC 3a Xa6aj'bc nOI"OHCKIJX TOLIlGsa.
Ha Cfl. 5.30 np"1Ka3aHe cy HCKe OFl rope H30pojal-lYlx .vlOryi1llocTH Tp,1l1CnOpTLl ca e:leKTpIFUlHM BHCehIL\l CTa'la"cla.
BepTHK2 .. T.EiII
:p:3.HC4iep BJ:r.::Wl:i
JIDir-;'Jr.,{ n:::r.;retl,':,.'
C?;:r::.:iH:i
1'.'ld..l{t~iLL.J"':L:"";::::: i)·:l;~.I)ir! .:: KPE:f:HHt If.mOCH
CBera :~IJOr'.'lM
:';:D1)}t::I)HT::iTffiH If
Bt"}ITITI<:aJIHH
IIPf"TlJS.3'p 6r'::3
Ha,n;rr ::0::0£2. J~]j}nlle t~e3 Eerm::,: flOTeIlJJ{cJfl.;:
C'fIW::U J.30. llpww3 JI1IJzyhliOCI7IU IIlpallCl10jJl7la co e!lCKl7ljJlI'IJIU.11 ()UccliW{
CIIW3(Uvf([.
Ha cn. 5.31 je npYlKGl3aHa eneKTpH'1HHX BHceflHx CTct3a y nOLUTaMa.
118 IjJGlICJ70pmlla II J7pemO()[{pIIO CpeOCl'1I(W U ypeljaju
CntKCl 5.31. ilPZl.H(,11Cl (,.'I(,KIIlPU'IIIUX ()lIcenux cmaxi Y 11011111WH({
Ha cn. 5.32 cy npHKa3aHc !loeene mUll(' - CTa3C TpaflCnOpTepa Koja jc l-Iajerewl1e y
OO:1YlKY BaJbaHOr I-npoqHlJla I1J1H npocjHlna o,a UCBHI1X CneMCHitra 113pal)eHl1x 0Ll.
'IC.ll1l«l HJH1 aJlYMHl-lYljYMa. Y jl-lyrpallJl-bOCTI1 npOC[ll1J1a cy CMCWTeHe KJlY!3He
Bol)HUC KOjC CJlY)KC 3a Ham~jatbe CTpyjOM Y! jnpaBJbalbe B03H,10M.
Ca:\le CTa3C CC, Ha HCTOBeTaH HaLfI1H K<lO H KOLl. Bl1ceT1Hx TpaHcnopTcpa. rrpeKo
KOH30JlHl1X HOCa'Ia Be)KY 3a CTjOOBe l1J1l1 Hocel')j KOHCTPYKI~Hjj oOjeraa.
Ko.'\ KO!Uma ca HorOllOM (BO'3HJ1a) ce norm-ICKH TO'laK, KOjl1 je Ll.Y1peKTHO BC3<lH CD.
H3JlCl3lmM BpaTHJlOM MOTope,aYKTopa. OCJlatba l1a rOplbj XOpl1'3OllTC1nHY nOBpwHHy
npocjHl;la. Y 3aBHCl-IOCTVI 0)]. HaMel-le VI HOCYlBOCTH OOLjf-iO Bol)elbC jc HJlH npcKo
KJ1H31-IHX BoDHLla. Bel-lLl.a TO'IKOBC1 VlJlH I1PCKO XOpH30HTanl-ll1X TO'-lKOB<l KOjH ce
ocnal-b3Jj Ha 6o,tHC HBHLiC I1pocjlHna. J--Ia C;1. 5.33 cy npHKa3aHe I-ICKC 0)]. 113BeLl.OH
B03HHa.
a)
I1czlt'-lOCJ}lU IJ/Pullcllojlmepu 119
C __ ntFil 5.32. 11Iwicf-:e C]J1(l:je U JlOcePia l{Oi/C17/PP:lfuja
C.'IUKCI 5.33. KOJlw!CI ca aymOlIOJVlHWvI nO?07IO/'v1
CraHLlapLll-lO B03HJ10 ce cacTojH 0,[( T3B. norOHCKe rnaBe KOjy ca'-!l1l-baBa nOrOl-ICKH
MexaHH3aM ca norOHCKHM TO'IKOM H l-lOCa'1eM Ha Kora ce Ka'-lH I1nH Y'lBpwnyje
l-lOcel1H eneMel-lT. AKo cy TepeTH Bel1l1x Ll.I1MeH3Hja oHLla ce KOPHCTH BapHjaI-na ca
cH060,[(HI1M TO'-lKOM KOjH je Be3al-l npeKO nonyre ca norOHCKOM rHaBOM. J--Ia cn. 5.34 cy LlaTe OCl-IOBI-Ie KOM611l-laUl1je Koje Hana3e npl1MeHy y npaKCI1.
120 7jJW!CI10pmIW /I I7j!CnlO(Wp"CI cpci)clIma u ypcljuju
0)
Cnfl,o 5.3-/. BapUjLi1ll7lC IW-sLUW: (0) IlO?O)fC1W ?W(W, 0) CI7Wllaapr)llu (WPUjOIllJlO, If)
V()UOjclfU (WplIjuliflla ]0 (ichc llUCIiGOClIlli
HocenB je lqmnaro]jeH TepeTa KOjl1 ce T~Xlllclloi}'ryje, H 13i1)K:: y flDTflYHDC,"" C13a pnMaTp,\lb8 }l KDHCTaTaL(l1je lIa13eJleY;c\<l BYlcelle TP21HCflopTepc.
Ha CII. 5.35 cy XlaTC iapHjame H313Dt)cfba HDcener ypeljaja H IbcrDBC 13C3C ca
1303IIJIDM 3£1 TpaHcnDpT KOHTeHcpa, cn. 5.35a, flaKeTa ,1 L'1;,;;'1'£1, Cl. 5.350 H 13peiiCl
cn.5.3513.
0)
C'IUHl 5.35. IIpww:3 pCrDU'IliI71UX 06.7111;0 llocenux ypehaja
Pa;lK Q6c36eljcr'ba cj)J]eKCK6f1rIHQCTK y flQrneAY Y130Qpa Tpace QBHX TpaHCnDjJrepa,
CIIWIHD KaD K KDA ,[(13DIllKHCKHX 13HCenKX Tpar'lcflDpTepa, npe~l13HljeHH cy pa3JfWIHTH
ypeijajH - CKpeTHHue. Ha CJ1. 5.36 cy flpKKa3aHe weMe pa3nHlIHTKx 13apHjaHTH DBHX
ypeJjaja a y QCHD13H ce MDry nD)J,em1TH Ha DHC KDjH Bpwe npDMcHy npaBua npe
YJIaCKa 13Q3HJfa Ha cKpenmuy 6C3 3aycTa13JbaH,a 13Q3Hna (a, 6) H Ha DHe rX(e ce 13PWH
npQMCHa npaBua ca B03HJlQM y CKpeTHHL\H ca3aYCT13JbalbeM BQ3Hfla(13, I'll ,[().
J7ct/!'iClcmu 171pmlCllopmepu 121
0) 6)
Ii) 2)
C'lUl{CZ 5.36. P{rJ.'IU'IZIme GajJlfjOillne cJ..pemllllljCl II 1l0()WOt lCl: 0) cl,pemilUljO co cJIW
npOfil/Cl, 6) CKpe!l1!lw,!CI CCl Inpu npalnfCI. e) oopnmCl CKpeIllHZI1!(f, ?) (}eOcllIj7vKCl
OOPIJIHCI CKpel71J1l11!Cl, c)) 110C)WCI<1 ~ ".'luejJ7n"
llQ.QHH TpaHCflQPTepH cn. 5.37., ce caCToje OJ], KDnHua (I) - Koja ce Kpelly 110. DQilY
XClJlC 11 HQCe TepeT, 13YlJIIOr naHua (4) - npeKD KQra cc QCTBapyje 13ylJa KOJU1l(a,
CIlYllJHD 1(aD 1(0.,[( ,[(BOLUHHCKHX 13HcellHx TpaHcnopTepa cnpe3cll'beM 13epTYIKamlDr
I1DAH3alJa (2) ca rpaHHlJHI1UHivla Ha nallUY, cn. 5.376. l1oCTaBn,afbe 13Y'lHor JlClHLJ,a
MOJKe 6HTH I-lcnocpenHo Yl3Han nona (a) HJlH y KaHany ype3ClHQM y nony (6).
jn Tpal!cl1oplJlIl(l 1I I1pe17lO(;apJla cpeOclIIca u ype/}uj u
oj
.4
6)
CWK([ 5.37. (!)ile/{cuowlliU llO(jJiU lllJ!wICFlOpmep: u) .'I(lltaL{ uJlIoilnoc)u, 0) .Wllell! Y 170UV
rIPC,J,I-JOCTH Bapl1jal-!Tc nOCTaBJb<llbGl naHWI WlHa,L\ nOD.a cy JCD.HOCT2lBIlOCT yrpa;:Ube
11 o'up)KaBalba a OCHOBlHi HC,L\OCT2lT::lK jc lllTO cc orpaHwJaBa KpeTal'be ,LI.pyrl1x
CpcD.CTaBa no no,LI.Y xasrc. KOD, BapHjaJlTC yrpa,UlbC sY4Hor I1aHl\a Y KalJanc ype3allc
y nOAY, o1vlOryi1eHo jc HeC~1eT::lHO KpeTal'bc D.pyrl1x rpmlCnOpTHI1X cpeD.cTaBa y
l-Il1S0Y nOAa anl1 He,LI.OcTaTaK jc TOKC O,LI.p)KaSaI-be 3601' ynaJl,aJba CI-1TI·II1X KOMaJl,a y
KaHan WTO :l-101KC ,L\::l l1'3a30Be 3acToje y pa,L\y. I1naK OBa sapl1jaJlTa je clcwi1e y
npmvleHI1 Y O,L\HOCY Ha npeTXO)J.Hy. llpmvlep npl1lVleHe OBe BpCTe nO,LI.HOr
TpaHcnopTepa y nowTalvwje npl1Ka3aH Ha cn. 5.38.
.J7UH!IOCli/U mpWICl10pmepu 123
C'IWW 5.38. JIpuHeiiO 110c)iLOZ mpallC170pmepa y 110Ull7WliCl,O;lt CKJWOuzumy
Tpaca OBI1X TpaHcnopTepa MOlKe 611T11 y XOpH3011TamlOj paBll11 KaJ(a cc OI1CJlY)Kyje
jc,UaH Hl1S0 (npl1MeHa naMcnaCTor mlHl\a Kao BY4Hor CJle~Iel-lT2l) HJ1H cnH4HO Kao
KOA BHcel1l1X TpaHcnopTcpa 3aTBopeHa npocTopml nyrm'ba, C!L 5.3 9a, Kaga cc
TpaHcnopT TepeTa Bplill-l y SHwe HI-iBoa.
HOCHBOCT KOJllil.\Cl OBaKsor Tpal-IcnopTepa ce Kpchc y llllipOKHM rpaHHl~aMCl
50'73200 kg ca ByclllHM JIaHL\I1Ma KopaKa 80'7] 60 /JIm H 6p3HHaMCl KpCTaIua, Oil.
0,3'747,5 171 / mill flPIi LIONlY co Jly6HHe KaHaJla y flOD.Y Kpehy )10 250 IIlIl/. Tpeoa
HarJlaCIiTH Jla nocfoje KOJlHL\a }lOCHBOCTH YI JlO 20 I. Hajsel1H yrao HarH6a Tpace je
;10 15° a yKynllCl D.Y)KHIICl Ca-je-.'\InIM norOHOM co Kpel"ie OJ" 50~500 rn a ca "Hille
norOlla H I'W 3 kill .
a)
12-1 TPC!lICI70j!ilIllCl U IlpemOUOplfCl Cpe(JcI1l(fCi U ypel}aju
0)
C.'IUKO 5.39. 7})(/(:([ mj)(l7!cllopl7lepo (0). cJemw/J lilne K()jlU~!O co ),()(,({J1U.H .WHlje.'11
(6) II co '!CCWCWCIlIUM .'t{fIlIWll (e)
Komll.\a f1wwjy HajLlewfle LleTf1pl1 HJll1 peDe weCT TOLIKOBa. Y BapHjallTYl ca LleTYlpJ.J
T04Ka npc,ntbYl T04KOBJ.J cy 3aKpeTlIYI OKO BepTYlK8JIHe OCOBYlHC a ,aLlI'bYl cy
BepniKanHO HenOMepJbH1311 H LlBPCTO cnojeHH npeKO OCOBlma ca KOnl1l(J-lM<l UJTO I·IM
oMoryhyje 3a;(0130JUlBajyhc !VJaHeBapCKe cnocoDIIOCTH. Y l3apHjaHTH ca meCT
TOLIKOBa cpeDJbfl TO'lKOBJ-l He Mory LlOK ce Kpajl'bl1 (4KOM.) f\wry 3aKpCTaTJ-l 01(0
BCpl'J-lKamie oce CfHMe ce oDc:;6el)yje jow 60jbC MaHeBapCKC CrlOC06HOCTJ-l Oll
npCTXO!J)le BapHjaHTC. KOJIYIL\a cy cHa6jlCBelIa r10nyrOi'vl (BepnllzaJ!H}1 IIOi!Wlaq)
Koja CC ;\'lO}KC PYLJHO HnH aYTOf\laTCKYl ;:(Yf33.TH Ii cnYWT3Tll LIYfMe ce oCTBapyje HJIYl
ocn06aTja Be3a ca ByLJHHM mllIL(CM. CnwlHo Kao H KO.'1 aYToMaTcKH Bol)cIIYIX
130'3 VlJIa. Ii0cTojH 3:JWTHTill-l ypcljaj. C:1. 5.37 rim 3. 3r'looHo B(;;3all 3a npe;lIbYl "leo
KOJIHlja KOjH pcaryje IlpVl HLlHJlLlCKY Hi! npcnpcKy T2d\O lUTO 3aKpCTLllbC;V] YJ.l,\H/I\'-"
BCpl'VlKaJIHH llo.o.H3a LI (2), ocno6al)a BC3Y ca ByLlllHM naHL(C;'v1 H 'laycTaBsba KOJ]flW\.
KapaKTCpYlCTYlKe OCTaJH1X eJICMClJaTCl OBHX Tpallcilovrepa (JiaHlUi, Bol)Y!ue. ! 10rOH.
3C1Te3l!Vl }1 OTICIOI!CKYl ypel)aj) OW'OBapajy KapaKTcpHCTHKarvIa ene\leIlaTa KOjY! cy
J~CTa:bllHje oopal)eilH KO;:( BHCellYIX TpaHcnopTepa.
WTO ce TH4e ynpaBJbal-ba, KOPHCTYI ce T3B. qeWJ'paJIVl30BaHH H iJ,eL(CI-lTpaJH130Baf-l11
CUCTeMH ynpC1BJbaf-ba.
KOll HCIITpaJIH30BanOI- CHCTeIYla ynpaBJbaI-bC CC BpillH CLljC;:(Hor MeCTa a HajLlillhe
ce KopHCTe MarHeTHYl .o.06OLUH ca a;wecarvra OnpeL\HWTa. MarHeTHYI n060w ce
06pne CHHXPOHH30BaHO ca KpeTaf-bervr naHl(a npH 1.JeMY ce BPWH T3B. CHMYJIaImja
KpeTaf-ba y pa3Mep11. HaKOl-l YTOl3apa, KOJIVllja ce YKJbyLlyjy Ha Tpacy Tpal-lCnOpTepa
cnYWl'aI'beM nonyre Bepl'HKam-!Or no,n113a4a H Tepel' ce OTnpeMLl f-Ia O,fJ,peLiHillTe ca
onroBapajynoM allpeCOM npH 4eMY ce IberOBO KpeTaf-be npaTYI Ha no;:(eJbeHoj
ynpaBJba4Koj Cl'a3H Man-ICTHOl' fw60wa. HaKOH npVlcnet1a KOJIHl(a ca TepeTOM no
Ha3HaLJeHOl' l'vleCTa, CHrHaJl ca KOMaH;:(Hor nynTa yKJbYLIyje cHrmumy naMnHl(Y l-la
OJ\penHillTY 11 aKTHBHpa CKpeTHHl.\y 3a CKpCTalbe KOJlYIl(a. OCllOBlla npe)J,HOCT
JIm!II(.lCIJIU 1l1pW!CilOpmej7U
OBaKBor I-IaLIHHa Je Y O;JCYCTBY I-IOCHOl(a ,1Iweca H ypel)aja 3a OLIHTC1Balbe lIa
KOJHIl(YIMa ~j ilY}K Tpace jep ce enel\leJITYI 3a alweCi1!Xllbc H ynpaBJbillbe lfll,1a';e Ila
je!J,1I0M MeCTY (KOMatlnHH OpiVlall).
Jl,eneIlTpain'nOBan CliCTe~1 ce BehoM jeiUlocTaBlloillhy, IrapoLIHTO aKO je
y IHiTaIby i\lal-bfl 6poj OD.pc;u'luna (aJ1peca). KopVlcre cc pa3:IH4HTB l-laLIBHVl
KOIITaKTHor (:VleXaIIVlLIKor) H 6c,KolrraKTHor ynpaBIbaIba. Ha C:l. 5.40 jc npHKa3aH
CflCTCM KOHTaKTl-lOr ynpal3:baI-ba. ]--Ia npeillbeM Kpajy KOJHIl(a ce HaJla3e ca ileBe H
neClle crpaHe ruI01.JHl(e (5) ca OTBOPYliVla (;W J () oTBopa) 4Hje KOMOmlaL(YIje
oMoryhyjy a.o.peclq"lIbe iW 100 OJJ.peilHWTa. L(PK Tpacc ce w2nreLl cKpCnlHl.\a
nOCTaBJbaJY 1'3B. '1VlTaLJH ca rpiulH41-IHl.\HMLl KOjH cy nOCTaBJbelHl l' pa3JIWJHTflM
KOMomwLIHjaMa nOnpeLll-IO l' O!:(l!ocy Ha 'I pac) TpallcllopTcpa. ce nOIClone
KOM6Hl-IaL\Hjc O,'lpe:;f'He nOfl(»KajeM LIBI3Hja (5) II rpaHHLIHI-lKa (7) ilO Cla3H )JO
cnyuJTaf-ba KJHll-la (9) Y HYfBO no;:(a TaKO ,r(a I(JlHIl, npH LIaJbel'vl KpcTalbY KOJIHUa
HaHna3H, l-Ia rpal-lHLJHHK (8) KOjYI YCMepaBa KOJH1l(a Ira ilpyry CTa3Y. KmlH (9) je
L(BOCrpaHYI TaKO Lla oMoryl1yje CKpeTalbe KOJIHua !leBO H J(eCHO. l-laKOH npVlcncna
Ha o.o.peLlamre lG1Vlll (9) cc Bpana Y rOplbl1 nOjJo/K,~i pyLllIO 111lH ayrOM<lTCKH.
LI) 6)
eWle-a 5. -10. K(}!t!11C1KmlllJ CllCfJ1e.lt (jOI;e!hLl (VI1/JU({ .. bWbCi)
KOJ\ 6e3KOI-rr<l KTHO I' Cl-ICTCMa ynpaBJbcUba, cn. 5.41, KonHua
If)
;:(Bocrpm'!H IlOC3LJ anpeca (j) sa npopc3HMCl y KOjC Onep<ll'Op CTaBfba nBe 1.JI1BHje
ca ManreTOM H<l J(OI'LCM Kpajy LltIjY! nOJl())Kaj !la J-lOCaLfY aJlpeCa o,nl'OBapa a;:(pecH
OE(!JC,fJ,VllllTa VlCro Kao l' npeTxoL\l-loj BapHjaHTH. L(Y)K Tpace. Y 6JlH3HHH CKpeTf-IHWl
cy nOCTaBJbCHH HHilYKTHBHH naBaL!Vl (5) y paCnOp(;LlY 1(0j11 OnroBapa anpecH. Kalla
ce nonynapH KOM6Vl!-Ial(11ja nOJ]o/K,~a 4HBHja ca flOJIO/KajcM HHnYKTHBHHX .o.aBa4a,
nOna3YI no 3aKpCTaJ-ba LlJ.lBVlja 4VlMe ce cnywTa KJIHl-l (9) 11 .o.aJbH npouec TeLle Ha
HCTH l-Ia4HH Kao KOn J(el(eHl'paJ1H30BaHOr CHCTe;Vla.
126 7jJClIlCI1opnmo 1I I1pemO(WpliO cpec)c/JIG([ u ypeha/u
CntKO 5.'-11. Be:'VOIIIIlClKllIllU 1I([lIUlI Y"P06/bOibU
[lopeD, rope OflHcaHHX cJaLlVIHa, y HOBHje BpeMe ce KopHcTe Ha'1HHH ynpaBJbal-ba
oa3HpaHH fla KOD,HHM 03HaKaMa (BH)leTH nornaB;be 7.0).
5.6 llO}],HO-BHcenH TpaHcnopTepH
OBH TpclHcnopTepH npe)lCTaBJbajy KOMoHHaUHjy nO;UiHX (ocnal-bal'be H KpeTalbC
KOflVlua no nOJ(Y) H BHcenHX TpaHcnopTepa (ByLlHH naHal.\ Je flOCTaBJbeH H31'IaJ:\
pa;lHor npOCTopa). CBe KapaKTepJ.iCTJ.iKe HaBeD,eHe KOD. jeL\liOWHHCKHX BHCefH1X
TpaHcnopTepa 3a ByLly J.i KpeTaI-be KOflVlua KO~~ nOWIHX Tpa!-lCnOpTepa OB;(e ce rvlOry
y nOTnYHOCTfl npOMeHHTH. Ha C;l. 5.42 je npHlz2naH JeD,ClH KOMIUleKcaH IlO,QllO
rmcel1H CHCTeM ca pa3JlHYHTO:Vl BapHjaHToM HocehYlx KQjUlua.
G2 0 -l I :r-----i-
~ s
a)
jJel1l l lClC17IU 111jJWICJ70jJlJlepu 127
fjj
CWJ.:Cl 5. -12. Clicme.H ilO()ilO-euce!lUx e03UJICl
KaYel-be KOJlHua 3a syLlllc nOJlyre MO)!(e )],21 ce H3Bpum PYYllO cn. 5.42a HJlH
ayroMaTcKH cn. 5.420. OSH TpaHcIlopTepH HMajy npe;:\HOCT Y O~~Hocy I-ra lH1cehe jep
ce TejKHHa TepeTa H KOSIHL(a rrpeHOCH D,HpeKTHo Ha nO!l. )JOK HM je npew-rOCT y ow-rocy Ha nO)],HC TpaIlcnopTcpe nOTnYHo CJ100o):(Ha rrOBpWHI-Ia flOl\3 3a HeCMeT3HO
KopHw!"ierbe y OCTane CBpxe. Me11YTYfM KapaKTCp BC3e Yl3Mel)y KOJlVfua H SYLllJOr
naHl(a jc cnQ)KeHHjH, Ma!be rlOY3)],aH 11 ,'vJafbe cp;reKCH6Yf;IHilH Hero KO;J 8HcehHX H
nOj(H,lX TpaHcnopTepa UlTO je OJ( rroceDfre S<DKHOCT KOn ayro i\IaH13 0 BaJ-ll-1:';
TpaHCnOpTflHX CHCTCMa.
7 Ypeijaju 3a
5.7.1 BpCT£ Ii
EJleBaTOpH ce KOPy!CTC 33 BepTHKClJIaH TpalICllopT fUIH, pe1)e, 321 TpaHC110pT non
yrJ10SHMa HarHDa MalbHM on 90° a Bci1YHI! on 600 jep je KOi-IcrpYKUHja 31l3.THO
C;10)!(eHHja H CKYflJba.
E;leB3TOpl1 ce Mory nOj~eJlYfTH rrpcrvIa SpCTH Tp311cnopTllOI~ MaTepHjana Ha:
CJIeS3TOpe 321 HaCYfI1He M3TepYfjane (Koq)J-jLfaCTH enCSaTOpl1),
cneBaTOpc 3a KOMa,L(liH TcpeT.
KOCPW-IaCTH eneBaTOp ce KopHCTe 3a TpaHcnopT npaWKaCTYfX, 3pHaCTHX, CHTHO no
Cpe)1l-beKOMa)],aCTHX MaTepJA.jana y pa3HHM rpm-laMa npHBpe)],e a rroce6Ho y
npexpaM6eHoj H XeMl1jcKoj HHj(YCTPHjH, Kao H rrpH npeTOBapHO-TpaHcrropTHHM
Mal-llmYJlaL(l1jaMa y JIYKaMa, npHcTaHHWTHMa, CI1JlOCHMa, l1T)],.
128 TPWlCI10pmllCi u npe/J1()(jopI/O Cpe(Je17U!(/ U ype!;aju
EneBaTopH I,1Ory OMTM CTallHOllapUH H nOKpCTl-IH, OHJlO Kao CaiYlOCnUIIlH
npCTOBapHO-TpaHcnopTHH ypcljaj;j vlJ1H y KOMOHHaL(HjH ca HCKHM ~\pyrHM
IlpeTOBapHO TpUHcnOpTHHM\lLim HHLl~1Cl.
Y nOLUTLlHCKHM ljellTpHMa CC jaBJba rJ(lTpeoa ,a Bepnjf~aIlHUM TpaHcnopTClM
1l0je;'Uli-raLll'IHX f111CMOHOCJ!vIX nOUIYL'hKH Y oomlKY CBC;KlbeBa. naKeTU. Bpe!\a 11
KOIrrCliepa Kao KOMaWlor TepeTa.
EnCBaTopH :m KOiYlaJIHI1 TepeT cc npBCHCTBelro KopHCTe 3a TpaHcnopT IlpOI·BBOD,a
HCTor oonHKa HnH Ha cnHLlal-1 Hal!l1J! naKOBallHX npOH3BOJ].a (Kynlje, caHiJ.Yl(li,
naJ1eTe, Bpe!\e). CJll-IYHOCT 06;lliKa TepeTa je YCJlOBJbCHa 360r Y1300pa
O;:;'fOBapajyher 00'lYlKa l'!(lccher ejJe~;efija' H aYTOMaTH3aL\HjC YTOBapa YI YlCTOBapa
OBHX MZtTepHJaJla. OBH eJlCBaTopl--!. 3a pa3JlHKY OJ]. KOCIJWIaCTliX e;leBaTopa.
;.J.03BOJb£lBajy TpaHcnopT y 06a eMepa ea .'lorYYlllOLUl1y bCTOBapa MaTepHjaola J-I;t
Bmue :VleCTa Ha T]XlCl1. OBLle l1e YKpaTKO 6wrH pa3iYla:rpar-le K<lpaKTej)}JCTl1Ke
BHJbYLUKaCTHX eneBaTopa, eneBaTopa Cil ,JbYJbilLUKaMa H nnocraCTlIX eneBaTopa ca
creTHpH nmrua, cn. 5.45 1'3B. C I1nH Z eJleBaTop. Kao encUYljam-la BpcTa encBaTopa
'3a KOMa;.J.HI1 Tepel' ce jaBJba H ypel-jaj ca J].Be l'pmce npHKa3aH Ha CJl. 4.32. YI l-leKe
BpcTe nO;.J.n:3aya noceoHo oopatjeHHx y nOrnaBJbY 7.3.1.
5.7.2 BfvbYUl.K:acn·! CJleBaTOpn
BHf'DYLlIKacTH CIICBClTOPH ivlOry OHTH BepTYIKam-lH H peDe H KOCl1. KopHcTc ce 'la
nOirH3afbe pa3JiHYHTYlX KOivJa.':(!IHX MaTepHja;Ia (rraKCTH. caH,[(YUH. Bpehc HTi\.).
BnJbyrmcaCTYl enCB(lTOp. cn. 5.43. cacTojfl ce ,13 f(13a BCpTnKaJlHa JIallua, KOjl1 cy
npe6aLlcHH npcKo roplbcr O;.J.HOCHO D,Olber naWlaHHKa. JIaHUYfMa cy tIa oJ].peliello~1
pacTojar-bY l.mpcTo Be:3aI1H KOl-!30J1l-Hl HocallH Y 06flHKY IHL'byLlIKYI. DYH,erbe 11
npa/!(}'bCl-bC CJ1eS<lTOpa oCTBapyjc ce aYTo:vmrCKH VlJlYl PYLJI·IO. 06,Ffl-lO cc npmKlbcfbe
cncsaropa oCTBapyje Y roPlbOj TiFlKH Cy!Jla3He rpallc, cn. 5.436, a Mory11e je TaKoJje
H npmKlbelbe MaTepVlJaJIa l·ra Bepn!l(aJIlIOM )J,eJ1Y Tpace, yrpaJl,lbOM OTK:l0HCKOr
naH'IaHHKa, en. 5.43a.
IIWI'I{lCI7lU I71paliCnOpll/CpU JJ9
CI} 6)
C'IUKCl 5.43. BWbVUtKaCmu CJlmamOpu
EnCBaTOpYl ca JbyJl>LmIKa~'!a. cn. 5.44. HaMClbeHH cy 3a BepnlKamlo
aJ 6)
CT[U/{(/ 5.44. E'lccw}/0PU ca ibYIbClUIlWM(/
J 30 TpW{Cl70j!I1I1lCl II npemO(;aplta cpe()cllwC! II ypehoju
3a pa3JHiKY on ByUbYUIIGlCTHX eJIeBclTOpa, eneMeIITH 3a Bome!-be Tcpefa KO)J OIHIX
encBaTopa cy 3f'JI06110 Be3aH¥! 3H nHIIUC (3) np¥! LICMY je TC}Kylwrc HocehHx
enC'vleHHTa (8) ca TepeTOM HIm 6e3 !-bera HCrrO)l T<lLIKe Bewalba. 3axBaJbyjyllH
BeLliar'bY HocenHx ene\ICWna ,'vlOryi1e je npel/Klbel-be enCBClTopa lie caMO Ha cTpaH,1
!lYl3ZlH,a Kao KOJ]. BHJbYIlIKaCTHX enCBaTopa Ben H ria 6HflO KOM MeCTY CWicUfie
CrpaIle. DorOllcKII na!14allvlllH (:2) ce IIamne Y rOplbe\1 neflY a 3aTe'3HH (5) Bet
,UO!-be\\ ,Lieny eneBHTopa.
Ko.J, OBHX eneBHTopa ce npwvlelbyjy. Kao BYLlHI1 eneMCI-ITI1. lJajLJewhe :~Ba namla.
Ka,Ua je HOCenH eJJeMeHaT Be3aH H3Mefjy !-bHX. cn, 5.44(\, ami ce MOfKe 3a TpaHcnOC'f
naKWIIX TepeTa KOPHCTHTH II je,UaII JlaHaL(, Ka;:(a ce HocenH eneMellTII Beillajy
K0H30JlHO 0 nm'JaU, Col,S .446.
5.7.4 ilJIO'<IaCTH CSIeBaTopH (c HSIH Z CJICBaTopH)
Ha CL 5.45 npHKa3aHH rIJlO'laCTH eJIellaTOpvL Y 3aBHCHOCTH O!~ pacnope,aa yna3He
11 H3IJa3He '30He pa3J1HKyjy ce C II Z eJleBaTopH. AKO je YJJa3Ha II 113JJa3Ha 30H(\ Ba
HCTOj CTpmlH OHAa ce pa;:(H 0 T3B, C eneBaTopy, Cfl, 5.456, a aKO cy mle Ba
pa3JlWlHTHM CTpaHaMa OH,U<1 je TO Z eneB~nop, Col, 5.450, IbllxoBa KHpaKTepncTHKa
je cneL\y~ja;ll'la nJlOLJacra llJlanpop!vla Koja cc (jlopMllpa 0;:( JJaMCJla Ha pa,aHoM ;(eny H
npe,L(CTaBJba '{BPCTy Bocehy nOBplUJ-ll-IY ,o,OK ce IJaMenc y ;:(pyroM npaBuy "lOry
HeCMeTaHO caBHjaTH II Ha Taj HaLlHl-l "llPCMOT<1BaTM" npeKo JJal·!L1aHHKa. rInoLJe cy y
LleTHpH Ta4Ke Be3af-le 3a no ABa napa naBaua. Cfl. 5.45(;,
a)
CrzUKCI 5.45. [J/loI/CICmU eile6amojJu; a) Z e.'le(;C!mop, 6) C eJle6WI10p
./laJlIlCtcm U I71pOllCl10jillte]!U 131
Ha OUIOBY ,13pa3a 5,1 nOlllpeoall }{Ol)(fK f-lOce!1Hx eJlc:vreHaTa eJleBaTOpa ,:(a 6['1 cc
OCTBapHO KOMa,QHH Kanal\HTeT Qk jc:
r):Ie je ::: - 6poj TcpeTa rIa Hocelie:Vl e,leMefl'ry.
Qk [korn i 11] - KOl\raHHH KanaL(HTeT
(5,39)
Ollll10jJU l,pemWbU. KaKO cy Tpace BHjhYUIK<lCTOr eneBaTopa H enCBaTopa ca
rvpH3a' lHMa je;lf!UCTaBHe, OJlpe!-jHBafbc OT!10pa II CHJ1a y BYLIHOM eneMelITY je
peJlaTHBHO naKO. Y OBOM cnyLJajy ce OA llOJrY)KHHX OTrropa jclBJbajy caMO oTnopH
YCJle,U H3AH3alba (cnYlUTaI'ba) MaTepHjana H nOKpeTHHX ;lenOBa eJ1eBaTOpa, ,UOK ce
on nOKaflHHX oTnopa rrpHcyTHH caMO OTf10PII l!a YTOBapHOM MeCTY H OTnop,i Ha
1l0rOHCKOM O,UHOCHO 3aTe3HOM 6y6!-by (nawlaHHKY) eneBaTopa jep je OTrIOP l-Ia
HCTOBapHOM MeCTY y 3aBHCl-lOCTH O,U HaLII1Ha HCTOBapa Hajl{eUlne je,o,HaK Hynl1.
DpHMel-!OM MCTO)le 06HJlaCKa KOIrrype Moryne JC O:Jpe;'J,IITH CHne Y cn, 5A6, Mmm:v!a.rma KaparnCpHCTW1HHM TaL!KaMa Byell-Ior ene:VleHTa eneBaTopa,
CfiJla 3aTe3aI-ba KOn CJleBaTOpa ca naHL(e:Vl H3110Cl1 =50'q [N], 'r;:(e je
q [kg / ll1] - J1Y!l!l1jcKa ~Jaca.
O'fOOP l-Ia YToBapHoM ,vleCTY cc \W)Ke Y3eT}1 }W opjeHTaL(HOHO H3HOCl-l:
LiSu=rp·g·!vJ
rnC Je: lVJ[Jeg] - Maca TepeTCl
(;7 = 1.1 -0- 1,8 - KOe(jlHL(l1jeHT YAapa npl1 yroBapy
g = 9,81 111 / s:> - y6P3<1I'bC 3eMJbHHe 'fe)Ke
132 7:[)([IICJ70P17l11Cl it IIpenlOCO;Hla cpe(k:l1l(1a u ypehaju
CW/{(f 5.46. Onmepehelbe eRe8WJ10pa
f1ona3ehH Oil MmlHMaJlHe Cline Y ByLlllOM eneMel-ITY
Bpe,'J,HOCTH nU13 y OCTanHM KapaKTCpI1CTWHlH",1 T,l'-lKilMil cnCB,rropa Kao:
+ u· . If· "[N] . 1 {j t.,
rile je: fI[m] - BHCliI-Ia eJleBclTOpa,
p - Koecj)J1L(HjeIIT OT110pa OYOlba HflH nall'JaHHKil,
M [k ,] . q == T g / m - flHHHJCKa MaC;} TepeTil
T[IIl] - KOpal( (pacTojaJ-be) Hocd1HX enCMCtIaTa
NJ y . C/o == q 1. + ~'- - flHHHJCl(a Maca nOKpeTHHX )lenOBa efleBaTopa
T
ql [kg / mJ -nmmjcKa Maca naJ-IUa
[kg] - Maca HoceriHX eneMeHaTa
(540)
(5.41)
(S.4:.?)
JJOII'IOCIIlU mpw/C170pI1ICpU 133
Y cnyLIajy eneBaTopa ca ;(B:I !IZlIIlJ,il Tpe6a Y3eTH y 06311P Ii Cil:lKTOP
HepaBHoMepHCTl-I npepacno:~eJ]e ollTepel'iCiba TaKO ,Iia ce npopa4yH J.i 11360p fIaHW\
Y OBOM cnY'Iajy BplllYl npe:vJa:
S, [ ] ==k·--'-N 7
(5
r:(e jc: k - (j)ilKTOP IlCp,wflo:vlepfiocTH flpCpaCnO,L(tJlC orrrepcl'icl-bLl li3~Id)y BYLJl-lHX
enc,,! CI-ILna (J:lBa rrilHua)
I
11 k:-: )
11.25
IloTpc6Ha ClIra norOHCKor MOTopaje:
(5.44 )
/3.:/ 1/)([J[CI10pmllCl y npemO(iUpllU cpecJctllCU u }pehaju ~~--------------------~--
6. TPAHCnOPTEPH EE3 BYQHOr EJIEMEHTA
3a pa3JIl1Ky op npCTXO~(HO pa3~-1aTpmH1X TpaHCllopTcpa lWjYl cy HNlaJHl gyLlfIH
e,le\lC!1T y 06nYlKY TpaKC YlJlYl Jlal-1L(a nocToje YI TpaHCTlOpTepYi 6e3 SYLIHor enCMCI-lTa
KOjU l!eMajy carJlaCHO KpeTelbC vl3BpLUllOr CJJeMel-lTa TpaHClIopTepa ca KpeTal-beM
MaTcpHjana f}J,e cna~lajy:
rpaBHTal\YlOI-iU TpallcnOpTepYi
BaJbKaCm TpaHcnopTcpH
HHepUHO;;,; TpmLnopTepH H
nY)KHH TpmlcnopTepH
Jib OBC rpync MeXaJ-IW1KHX TpaHcnopTcpa ce y flOWTaMa 'lI;;CTO nprHrclbYJY
fpasHTaU}1OHYI ypcfjajYl (KHYl3HHl\C) YI SaJbKaCTH TpaHC110pTCpH.
6.1 TpaSl'iTaUHOHH ypefjajH
fpaBHTaUYlOHH ypel)ajYl (I01H3HHl\e) cy Hajje)lHOCTaBlIHja TpallCnOpTi-la cpepCTBa 3a
TpaI-!CnOpT TcpeTa KOjH ce Kpehy no CTP:1l0j paBHYl. ca BHlller Ha BYl)KYl HHBO nO)l
,QCiCTBOM conCTBeHC TC)KYlHC. llpcMa Ha'-lHHY TpaHcnopTOBal-ba oeYl ype1}aJYl cc
M;ry nOpCJIHTH Ira npaBonHIlHjcKe, KOM6YIl-lOBaHe npaeoclHHHjCKC, KPHHOJlHHHjCKC
H 3aHoj!-!e KJlH3HHl\C_
6.1.1 ilpaBOJH1.HHjcKc I{J"UBHHue
l1paHOnm-ll1jcKe Km-1'31Hll~e cc KopHCTe 3a npe\leUrnllbC M3TepHjaJl3 ca BHlller H<1
Hl1JKH HHBO KOjH cc l-lam13e I-Ia KpaTKOM pac-rojalbY a y BellHHH cnY'-lajcBa cnY)Ke Kao
nOMOhHH ypeljajH 3a rrpeT08ap TcpeTa ca jcmlol' TpaHCflopTepa Ha ppyrH. Y nOIlJTaiVta cc HCOMa LteCTO npHMclbyjy 3a TpaHcnopT Bpella H naKeT3 ca cnpaTa !la
cnpaT.
7j){)llc17ojJlIJeplI 6e"J C)"lIlU? e:te_Hellflla 135
B I .
n) 6)
C'IUJ.:Cl 6.1. TPWJU17WljUOfle 7-.Jlu:muzre
ilpaBO.TlfIHHjcKc KJ.HI3l!l-lllC ce mpaljyjy I-Ia.j'lewnc O.L\ LtenH'-lHOr !lHMa, rrnaCTHKe H ~lpBCTa.
OCI-I013HH napmvlcTpH rpal3J.-!TaUl--IOHHX KnH3HHua cy yrao I-JafYl6a H nonpCLIHH
npcceK KOjl'1 o6e36efjyje nOTpe6aH KilnaJ.(HTeT. AKO ce MaTcpHjan MilCC (JJl), cn.
6.16, ca nO'-lCTHOM OP3HIIOM Yo, Kpene no CTPMOj paHI-IH ca HarH60M (IX) Ha OCHOBY
3aKOl-la 0 O)lP)IWI-b Y CHepf'!1jc cc MQ)Ke HaflHCaT!1:
111 I., .,\ in· (T - fI = m . (7. J-L . L . C()\"(x + - - Iv- - v" )
h L') '2 \ r) / (6.1 )
v - Kpajl-bil 6P3111-Ja KpcTalba MaTCpf1janll lILl nocMLlTpallOj )lY)KHHH (L ).
Ha OCJI013Y H3pa3a 6.1 cc MQ)Ke 3aKJbYLJHTH Ila ycnoBH TpmrcnopT08alba He 3aBHCC
Oil TC)KHHe IVlaTepHjana Bch caMO 0;( nOLtCTHe 6p3Hlie ( V,,), KoeclJHuHjellTCl TPClb<l
(~l) H rcoMeTpHjClGlX IlilpaiVIeTapa IUlYl3HYll(C (L, H, ex).
JilMajyllH y BH)lY pa je L = ryi71ex' npeMa rOpl-beM H3pa3Y, nOTpe6al-l yrao HarHoa
onYKaJe:
2·g·H-p fga = -----"'---'---
2 . g . H - v" + VI~ (6.2)
mm Kpajl-ba 6p3HlIa KpeTalb3 MaTepHjaJla:
( p \1 ) 2 . g . H '1 1 - --- + vr!
\ Iga) V= (6.3)
136 TpallC170pnlllCi Ii npenWCOplW cpe()cl1/1)a u ypeijaju
AKO jc [gee> il O;(I!OCHO aKO jc a > p f;(e je p = arctgv yrao Tpel-ba, KpeTalbC he
OHTH YOP3<tHO a aKO je a < p Ta;~a he Kpenubc no CTPMOj paBHI1 OHTH YC110peIlO.
Ha OCI1OBY l1'3pa3a (6.2) nurpeom·! yrao HarHoa (an) CTpMe paBl-Hi 3a YCTClJloeHO
KpeTaIbe MaTepHjana (v = vi) ) je ex = p. Talmo paBI-IoMepHo KpeTal-be jc y npaKcH
TewKO peaJH130BClTH 0001' npo:YlellJbHBe Bpe~1,HOCTH KOecimllHjeHTa Tpel-ba (f) I!e
caM a npl1 TpaHClIOpTY pa3JIWIHTHX MaTepHjana Beh H HCTor MaTepHjana 3001'
YTHuaja BeJIHKOr opoja cpaKTopa Ha j'berOBO CTalbC (CTalbe H xpanaBOCT KOHTaKTHHX
nOBpWHJla KpeTal-be je Haj'leWhe je).\llaKoyop3aHo ca ex> p. Ko).\ KOMaJl,HOr
TepCTa, 3001' vi30eraS211-ba BeJIYIKHX y;J,apa Ira Kpajy CI'a3C, Gp3HHa KpeTaJ-ha Tpeon ITa
0Yile Malba OJJ, 2 -7- 3 IIl/S Y 3aBHCHOCTH Oil, BpCTe TercTa. Y npaKcH CC IrajLfcwnc
Y"3HMa ;1,a yrao Haraoa onyKa (a) oyJJ,c BehH 3a 5" -7-](J" OJJ, yrna Tpelba H3Mel)y
MaTepujana H 3H).\OBa onYKa:
ex = p -7- ( 5° -7- 1 (J0 )
6.1.2 KOMofuwBaHe npaBOJ1HHHjcKe KJ1H3HHll,e
):(a OH ce KpeTal-be nOKJIH'3HHlll1 pe::lnl130sano oe3 3acroja a Gp3HHa TepeTa Ha Kpajy
Km13HHlle 01-ina M[Uba O!~ rpallWUIHX Bpe;:l.1!OCTH npHMclbyjy ce KOMOHHosalle
llpasoJlHHHjcKc KJIH311Hue, CIL 6.2. a, 6. Ha Cfl. 6.2a je npl1lGl3alIa KJIH'lHH1W ca
CiI-taJ-beHHM yrnoM Hf! Kpajy KJ1 H3l-1 Hue (ex 1 < p) TaKO ,C(a !l,OJla:.3H !l,0 YCIlopamUba H.:m
3aYCTaBJbaJ'ha TepeTa lIa JbeHOM Kpajy. )-]a cn. 6.20 je npHKa3aHa npaSOJIHI-lHjcKa
KJlvl3l!l111a Koja jc ua Kpajy OOJImKeHa HeKH~1 cllpHKuHoHHM i\l~HjaJlOM (p, > f-L:),
3a ooa cJlyLIaja je Moryhc y 'laBHCHOCTH OJJ, yKynlle BHCHHCKe pa3JIHKC n04eTK<1 H
Kpaja KJ]H3J-lHi~e oJlpe!l,HTfI napaMeTpe KOMovll-lOBaHe KJIH3f-lHlle
( ex l' ex" ex, h!, h l' f-L l' f-L,) TaKO A21 ce oCTBapH 3aXTesaHH K21IlaLLlneT H KpeTal-be
oe3 3acToja ca O)1,rOBaP21jynOM OP3Hl-lOM KpeTal-ba TepeTa (nHCMOHOCHe nOIllKIbKc,
spene, IlaKeTH, .,,) Ha Kpajy KJIH3I-!Hlle.
TPOllC110jJrllepli oe] aY'l!lO? e_'WlleHina 137
(I) 0)
('.'nll;a 6.2. KiHIOW{()!iWle ?jJWilII1IUZfUOlle /{JIlI']ml1fe
6.1,3 KpHBOJIHHHjcKe KJHBHHue
KoJJ, KpYIBOIlHlIHjcKe KJIH3HHue cn, 6.3 nope).\ KOJrnmyamror CMal-beI-ha yrna
KHH3J-JHue OJ! 1104eTKa ilO Kpaja IC1l13HHlle Ha ccjlcKaT perYJIallHje op1Hl-Ie KpeTaJ-ha
HMa H UCf-lTpHqJyraJil-Ia CHJla Koja nOBel'laBCl npHTHcaK OJJ,J-IOCHO cHny TpeI-ba HoMel)y
IC1H311HLla H TepeTCl '1HMe fa ycnopaBa y 3[ll3HCHOCTH 0"1 KBaApi:1T<l Tpel-lYT!-le Op3l1He
KpeT<lJ-ba. CJlWIHO Kao H KOJJ, KOMom'!OBaI-iHX npaBoJlHHHjCKHX KflW3HHlla Moryhe jc
:m KOl-lKpCTHe cnYClajeBe OJIPC).\HTH napaMe-rpe KflH3Hl111e (r. H. L. j..I) TaKO JJ,a lIa
Kpajy KJIH3J-!I1L(e Op3YllIa KpeTaIha Tcpcra y D03BOJbel-!f1:l1 rpaJ-ff1lla,\la. Tpaca
KPHBOffHHHjcKe KJH13Hl1ue y npYlIII~f1rIy Mo/Ke OYlTvl DlLlO KpHBa JlHHHja anH y
npaKCH ce Haj LICL1ll1e KOpf!CTe KpHBC OOmtKll KpYJ"a, napaoonc H UYlIC10HJJ,C.
H III ' g 'sin u;
Cn{](G 6.3. KpU(iOJIUlIUjClW IClUJ1IUlfO
138 7)JU/£cl1opnwa U I1pemOUapliO cpeDcmcLl 1I ypeijaju
6.1.4 3aBojnc KJIH3HHlJ,e
YKonww je rIO'rpe6Ho vl3llPWHTH CllYllITalbe_~1(ncpHjaJl(\ ca Bel1Hx BI1CHHa OHl~a je
npl1MClIa rrpallOJlHlmjcKl1x H KPliBO.iHlIlHjCKI1X KJlH31lHLjCl IlenorOJH13 jep OH J(;nKHJlCl
THX K;1113HHua, HelH 6P3H1-13 KpeTal-b(\ c"laTcpHj<lJI<l, 011fl(l HerrpHXB(lT!bHBO Bem!Ka. Y
To\l cnyl-Iajy ce npHMe}byjy 3aBojHe K.J1H31Hiue. cn. 6.4a WIH y oJ\pei)eI-lI1:V!
cneUHja':ll-lYlM cJlyYajellHMa Imp. 3[[ CflYWT,lI-be Bpeha. l~eBH ca CTeneHClCTOM TpaCO~'I,
CSf.6.4ll.
2R
0) ()j
C7117,'0 6. -I. Ypeijajll 50 (!epmW;{UlIIO cilyumlwhc Irzepemo ca (jehux (WCUlW
Ko;]. ypefjaja ca 3aBojl-lO~j nOBpW!1HOM BalKe CJ"lWI!~l1 npVlf-I1IHr'11 Kao KO;\
npalloclHHHjCKYIX KYIH31H1ua jep ce ,VIaTepHjaJl cnyuITa liD 3<lBOjHOj nOBpLUYlliH ca
yr;roM Ha1H6a:
h (6.4 ) tuu =----b 2.J[.R·
cueje: h - XOD. 3aBojHl1l\e,
R - pacTojal-be MaTepHjiUla OD. oce 3aBojHe nOllpwHlle.
KaKo ce paD.H jyc KpeTaJ-ba ( R ) ~lel-La y rpaHl1uaivlU o~ R 0 rIO Rs l-Ia OCHOBY l13p<13a
(6.4) je Y04Jbl1BO .ua ne yrJIOBH }·larH6a 6WfH Benl1 Ha yHyTpalUl-beM .ueIIY Hero Ha
CnOJbaWlbeM D.eny 3aBojHe nOBplUHHe. rIpeMa l13pa3Y 6.2 OllO D.HpeKTHo YTl1ye l-Ia
6p3HHY KpeTal-ba H oMorynaBa caMoperynauY\.jy 6p3HHe KpeTal-ba MaTepHjana. rIPH
nOBehal-bY 6p311He KpeTalba nOBe11alla ce uempHcpyraJ1!-la CHIIa, cn. 6.40, Yl
MaTepYljan he Te)KHTH Ka CnOJbHoj YlBHUH KJIH3J-l11l\e OD.HOCHO Ka BeneM paC'rojaIby
(R) rD.e cy MaIbH yrnollH HarH6a KnYl3He nOBpWI1He, OBO he yTHUaTY! Ha CMal-bel-be
139
op3HHe H 1l0Mepmbe iVJaTt:pIJjana Ka Yl-l)f'rpalUl-hOCTH 3aBojHI1ue ca BehHM yrc-rollHIvJa
l-Jarl16a 3601' "lera D.0;la"311 nOHOBO L\O llOBellal-ba 6P31lI-lC l-lHMe ce npouec nOH2lBJha.
fipn TpaHCnOpTj KOMa.uHor TepeTa y 3aBHCHOCTH o~ 06mnw IvlaTCpHjana, KopHcTe
KJlH31-IYlue npalloyraoBor npeceKa (xeJIfiKOJll1,Q,uIHe IGlI13HHL\e) cn. 6.5a, l'UlY!
3ao6n,ellOr npocjlHSla (OJIYYClCTe ICIl1311Hl\a) cn. 6.50. fipaBoyraOlll! npoclJYlJl je
nOrOAal-i 3a TpaHcnopT v 1'K3. TBpJJOM naKOBaJ-bY (flaKeTH, nocYJlc). a
32lo6JbeHll 3a MeKO naKOSal-bC (Bpehe) .
KoD. ue13H ca CTCfler'IaCTOM TpaCOM, cn. 6.4B, 6P3vllIa ce perYJIHWe npO,Vlel-lOM
npaSL\a KpeTal-ba MaT(cpHjana TaK0 J~a ce llJaKCHfI,IanHa OP3Hl-Ia KpCTaI-ba Mo/Ke
o,O,peD.HTH npeMa l13pa3j (6.3) IlpH 'leMY .ie c"lep0D.<lBHa llliCYlH<l jeJlHaKa 13HCliHli
je,O,IlOr Kocor l-JJ1al-JKGl !leBH (h). rIocne,O,H,H Y]!af-laK ueBH ce 06Hl-JHO M.(})KC oopTaTY!
H Ba Taj Hal-J1111 0Hp:rnA MeCTO HCToBapa. OBY BPCTY rpaBHTaJ~YlOBHX ypefjaja
Moryhe je npHMel-JHTH KO)1 crrYlllTaH,a Bpelia ca llenHx llYjCYlI-ta.
IT
(I) 6)
140 Tpal-lcnopml-ta U npemoeapl-la cpeocmea U ype~aju
e)
elUKa 6.5. Pa3Ru'lUmu 06RUliU saeojl-l"ux lG1USl-!ULfa
Y f10illTaHCKHM L\eHTDHMo.. ce qeCTO KOPHCTH KOM6HHal.(Hja ImaCYlqm-IX KITH3HHI(o.. ca
rpaBHTo..I(HOHHM BaJb~aCTHM TpaHcnopTepHMa noce6Ho Ha MeCTHMa r.l\e .l\OITa3H ):\0
Maro..UHOHHpatba HarO]l,mnaBaI-ba MaTepYljano... OBaKBe KOM6HHal\Hje cy Ha l1pHMep
npmAelMme KO.l\ ypeljaja 3a pa3BpCTaBatbe, crr. 6.5B. 11a rrpBoM .L\erry ce npHMetbyje
npaBoyraoHa KrrH3HHua a y 3aBprnHoM ;:;.eny BaJbKaCTH TpaHcnopTep KOjH MOJKe Ha
a.L\eKBaTaH Ha'UlH .l\o.. aMopnnyje Ho..CT,lJle po..3JlHKe y ;:(y)l(HHH ny-fa KpeTatba TepeTa
y crryqo..jy "npa3HOr" H "nYHor" Kpaja KJlH3HHue O.l\ROCHO qeKatba Eo.. yToBo..p.
CllUKa 6. 6 KOM6uHaljuja zpaeUmaljuOHe lG7U3HUlje U eafbKacmoz mpmlcnopmepa
IjJQIICJ7()I)Jllepu oe] I!Y'1I10? ne.Hel//JICl f:lJ
6.2
BaILKZlCTfi TpaHcnopTepl cc KOPHCTC 'lit XOpYl30IJTaJ!aH lillYl IIOD \lcUm~! yr;iOBH:vra
IE1[,yIOa (S; 5°) npaBOJll-1lIYljcKH ffJJH TpaHclJoIH KOM<lnHOf' Tcpcra,
npBcIlcTBeHo lIpam'LlHor oomlKCl CZl P3BHOM II LtSpC'TO:,l KOHT3KTHOM fWBPUlHflChl
mueTc).
Ban,KaCTI1 TpaJ-JcnopTepH ce cacfoje OiL BaSbaKa pacnopel)ellHX ,),, Ma:I(J,',j
pacTojalbY je)].ZlH Oi], npyror Y'lBpIJJDCHHX Y p<lMy 1iOCel1e KopaK
,,~
liBa B[t.rbKa. joor MMpHor KpeT~u-ba TepcT3 y n~:-'~:KcH CC Kopzn:: B8'-:_"':.J'.rl He
y'3Hi\!a Bel1>1 0)]. ]/3 ilY)J(HHe repeTa. Col. 6.8a.
BaJbKaCTH TpmlcnopTepH "wry OHTH ca ff oe3 nOrDHa. Ko.l\ XOPH30j-lTilJfHlJX
B,[JbKaCTHX TpaJ-lCnOpTepa oe'.l 110rOf-Ja TepeT ce nOMepa PYLIHO aIIH ce 'I'll
TpmICriOpTepl1 MHoro Lleurl1e KopllcTe Cil M,UIlJM yrJJOM I-lZlf'HOZl (1" -7- 5° ). Teper cO'
y TOM [{pene nOLI ;~cjCTBOl'vl COflCT13CI-!e Te>Kl1l-IC T<1KO na OBH TpaHCTlOpTep'"
npe,L:\CTaBJl'il)Y BaJbKaCTe rpaBI1TZlUHOHe ypel),~e. KOD norofbeHl-IX 13ZlfbKaCTHX
TpaHCIlopTepa B,UM\l1 Y1M<ljy rpynHYI HJiH noje;rHI-laLJHH norm'I npH Lfeil1Y ce Tepel'
nYTeM TpeIba KOjc ce jZlSJbil 1i3Meljy 13aIbClKCl II TepeTa TpaI-lCnopTyje ;{Y)K Tpace.
Tpace 013HX TpaHcnopTepa Mory 6vrm Cn())Kelle KpHBe ;lmmje y XOpl-!3011Tam-loj
paBHH Koje y K01l-10H!1aUHjrl ca TpaKaCTWvl TpaHCllopTcpHMa. '321 TpaHCllopT no:\
Bd\HM yrnoBHMCl HZln16Zl UfO oMoryliaB::ljy cjlopYIHpalbe ZlYTOMaTH30BallHX
Tl)(lHCnOpTIH1X JHii-!HjZl Koje ce y nocne;.:U-be spe:vle CBe BHwe npH,Ylelbyjy noceOllO y
,QOMeHY pa3BpCTaBZlI-ba (copTHpal-ba) 1l01I1TZlllCKHX nOU!HIbKH.
6.2.1 no:n:.ma
Tpace Ba.TbKClCHlX TPZlHCliopTepa 6C3 nOI'Of-fa CC K()~IOHlraUHioi'v!
Ilpa130JlHI-IYlJCKI1X H KPliBOJllIHlijCKHX ceKuuja ca CKpeTHl1uaiVIa KOjc oMoryl1yjy
npOiVleJ-lY npZlBL(a KpeTaJba TepeTa, cn. 6.7.
OnurTa KOI-ICTpYKL\Hja npaBOnHHl1jcKe ceKLH1je nplilW33Ha je Bel cn. 6.8. Cn. 6.8a
npl1K(13yje CTaUHOI-IapaH 13aJbKaCTH TpaHcnopTep 3Zl TpaHcnopT TC)KI1X KOivIaDHI1X
TepeTZl )].OK cn. 6.86 npYlK,13yje BZlJbKaCTH TpaHcnopTep 3Zl JIaKrne TepeTe KOjl1 ce
M())Ke perYJlI1CaTH no BHCHl-lIi. Cn. 6.813 npHK,13yje BapHjaJlTY BaJbKaCTOr
Tpal-lCIlOpTepa KOjH ce M())Ke perYJ1l1CaTH no 1311CHHH ca MClKa3aCTYIM
KOHCTpYKUHjOM HOCaLJa BaJbaKo.. Koja 06e30elJyje perYfIHCaI-be no DY)KHHH 11
q)OpMHpa}be npOH3BOJl,lIe Kpl113HHe y XOpH30HTaJIHoj pa13HH.
TpallCllOpl11110 u npeIJlO{f(fpm/ Cpe()cl7lea u ypehaju
C,'iUKCI S 7 OCII061111 OO,'LllLjll mpacCl 6CUbKClCIJIUX l7lPWICl10pmepa 6e] 110?OIlCl
rlPH KpenllbY TepeTa Ba KPHBO!1HHHjCKOM t,eny, cn.6.9, jaBJba ce pa3JIHKa y
npel)cHl'lM nYTeBHMa O~HOCHO Op3HI-ta:vta yHyTpawlbe H CnOJbaWl-bC HBHlJ,e TepeTa.
-To flOKa3yje ~a Jle y KpHBHHa:V!a ca lJ,HJ]HH~PYlYHYlM BaJbUHMa. C!1. 6,9a. lIOJla'3HTH
,;:(0 KJ1H3aIba TepeTa no BaJbLHIMCl WTO je BC31lHO en nOBehaIbeM oTnopa KpeTClI-bY H
ea onacilOwl1Y o~ BeKOHTpOJlHCaHOf KpeTaIba TcpeTCl. 360f TOfa ce KPHBOJHlHfijcKe
CeKlJ,Hje ea lJ,HJlHHApHYHHM BaJblJ,H:vta KOPHCTC caMO KOA TpaHcnopTcpa Mane
WHpHHe - AO 65017l1Jl, rlpH BeliHM WHpHHClMa TpaHcnopTepa MQ}KC ce yKyrlHa
WHPHHa nOAeJl!-ITH I-Ja ~Ba, y HeKHM cnyyajeBHMa yaK H TpH, ACrIa ca KpaTKHM
lJ,H;~HHAPHllHHM BaTblJ,HMa, CJ1, 6,90, Y TOM CJlyLtajy CnOJbaWI-bH H yHyTpaWI-bH
BaJbUH HMajy pa3JlHYHT opoj oopTa UITO nOOOJbWClBa YCJlOBC KpCTaI-ba y KpHBHHH,
TPCIHCI10jJl1Iepu oe, ()Y'17I0? e:WHelmlCl I-!3
L
l : ~ J.--tJ-' T-+l--r~""-, i --.J
,."ui 1L a)
6) G)
C.iIllKCI 6.8. Oc/I()(1;llI e:wvreflIJ/U (iWbKaCmux IIlpallclIopmepa
fIpHMeHa KOHYCHJ.!X naJbaKajc TeOpHjeKJ.! Haj l"lCnpaBHHja YJ.!je cc ~13Bon.l-l11lJ,e ceKy y
UCl-!Tpy KpI1BHl-Ie. C!L 6.9B. Ko;:( Ibl1X cc 110C[mKe TaLl!-lO DOIcranmbe oOHMHe Op311l-!e
BaJbaKa ca 6P3HHOM KpeT,ilhH -repCTa, MefjYfl1"vl, npl1MCHCl 0811X [l,L;1:>alW Je penilTI1BI-IO peTKa 300r Tora WTO CC 3a fhHX08Y 113paL\Y HC MOfY KOPHCTHTI1
CTaHL\ap,llHC lJ,CBI1 uno je y00l1l1(~e]-10 rIpH H3paf(11 BClJbaKa, LJHMe ce 3HaTHO
nocKyrubyje npOH3BO~I-ba, Ha cn, 6.9r .ie npl1Ka3aH cnYLJaj KOHYCHI1X BaJbaKa
cjJopMHpmll1X on. noce6HI1X eJ1eMeHaTa AOOHjCI-lHX J!HBel"bCM OA aJlYMHI-mjYMa I1Jll1
Yl3pafjCHl1X OA nnaCTHYHe iVWCC, CpeL(}bYl nOJ1ynpeYHHK KpYlBI1He KOL\ Bfu'bKaCTHX
Tpal-lCnOpTepa je OOHYHO R == (3 "0- 4)· B , fL\C je ( B) lUl1plHla TpaI-[cnopTepa.
J-!.:I TPWIC110!mlllU 1I npelllOeapliU Cper)CIllI!O u ypehuju
oj OJ ,'I
Cnuw 6. Y. f{PllIJO'lwlUjo;e Cel;i!uje !!(LbA·aCI7II,.-:;'·iilPCIf{CI10pmepu
3a npoMeHY npaBua Kpe1'af-ba i\1inepHjaJICl KopHc1'e ce cnemljaJlHe ceKL1Hje
Ba,DKaCTHX TpaHcnopTepa 1'3B. cKpeT1lHue. Ha cn. 6.7 cy npHKa3ana HeKa pCUleiba
OBHX ceKUHja. nOCTaBJbaI-be c!Cpenu'lue ca BiUhL1Hr.!a Y /KeJbeHH nOJlo/Kaj :Vlo/Ke ):\a
ce H3BPWH PYLlHO HJlJ:! McxaliHLIKH llpH tle\ly ce npouec Mo/Ke n01'nyuo
aYl'OMal'H30BaTH.
Korl rpaBHTauHoHHx BaJhKaCTHX l'paHcllopTepa, C;IW1HO Kao KO;:1 101H31-H1Wl, TeWKO
.ie oCHrypanl KOllcraHTHY OP3HHY KpeTMba Tepe-ra 3001' ynmaja Bemil<or opoja
npOMeHJbHBHX cj)aKTOpa (OTnop KOTpIbatba. OTl10P OOpTatbiJ BaJbaKa). OOWIHO ce
yrao TpaHCnOpTepa Oi':\pefjyjc TaKO )w ce l'epe-r Kpel1e je):\llGIKoyOP3UHO. llpH LleMY CC
j2tBJb2t onaCHOCT 01l npCKOMcpHor nOBehal'La 6P'3HHC KpCTatba WTO :V10/KC Vl3a3BaTH
OUJTel1clbc TcpCTa npH lLcrOBOM 3aYCTilBJb,l!bY Ka)la ce jaBJLa yrjilp 0 Kpajlbe
rpaHWIHHKe l1JJH IlpH cYJ~apy C2t TcpeTOM l-1cnpc;~ !bCra. 3001' Tora je liCOnXO!Ula
npi1MCHa ypcfjaja 3a pcrynHcalbc Op'll1He KpCTafbi! (KoClIfHl\a). OBi1 ypefjajH ce
IlOCTaBJD2tjy Hi! o):\peljclioM paCTojaJ-by je,'uu-I 0,,:\ gpyroL C;l. 6. JOB. Koje 3,lBHCH 0):\
KOLJHOHOr eqleKTa ypefjaja. Mace TcpeTa, yrna Banioa TpaHcnopTepa. KoecpHuHjeHTa
OTIlopa KpenUba l1TD,. Kopl1cTe cc pa'3JIHLJHTC BpCW OBHX ypefjaja - McxaHH4KH.
cncKTpOMarHCTHl1 Y! xHJ~paynwIHH. Ha cn. 6.IOa je npHKa3ail Ue1ITpHC!lYTaJ1HH
perYJlaUHOHH BaJbal( KOjH jc OOHLJHO oono/KcH no CnOJMboj 1l0BpwmIH ry!YloM (5) paAH 06c30efjCJ-ba BCnCr Koeq)l1UHjcrLTa TpCtba OgHOCHO KOtlHOHor ccpeKTa, Onpyre
(6) ):\pfKe Ilonyre (I) ca MacaMa (2) 01lBOjcHl1M 0]:( yHyTpaWI-be CTpaHc UHJlHH):\pa
BaTLKa (cKynJbeHH nOJJo)j<aj). KaMa 6p'3HHa B~DaKa ):\OCTHrHe oAperjeHY BpeW·JOcT •.
ycne):\ UeHTpHcpyraJJOHe CHnc, gOnY! ne ):\0 npHTHCKa 06nora KJIH3HHUC (3) 0
yHyTpawlby cTpaHY BaJbKa LJHMe l1c ce BaJbaK YCIlOPHTH a nYTcM Tpelba he ce
CMaJbY!TI1 H 6poj 06pTa KOLJI1011HX BaJbaKa (9) npeKo KOjHx npCJ1a311 Tepcl', 3601'
CMatbCHOr 6poja 06pl'a KOLJHOHHX BaJDaKa (9) Tcpel' ne KmnaTH IlO tbHMa H
CMaJ-bHl'H CBOjy 6P'3HHY, Pa3MaK H3Mefjy "KOLJHOHHX B~DaKa" 06HLJHO H'3HOCH 5-8m.
7!JWiCl10pmepu on r;y'll/o? e .. w,lIe/1lI1Li 1.:/5
:1
a)
6) ?)
rs)
Clnll{a 6. J O. F'paClil770ZfUOIIU !!C/fbKOCllIll II1pw{cnopmep CC/ pe?VJlClzfllO/lZuv/ vpeljaje.H
Ha cn. 6.100 jc npHKa3ClH npvlMep npHMeHe pcrynaTopa op3HHe Ha BaJLKClCTOM l'pmlcnovrepy_
Y cnyLJajy Kana je nOTpeOHO TCPCT TPaI-lCflOpTOBaTH ca Bel1Hx BHcHHa TaAa ce MOiKC
YMCCTO rpaBHl'aUHOHor onyKa (KnH3HHl\C) npHMeHHTH 3aBojHH BaJbKaCTH
TpcmC:10pTep, cn. 6.1 Or. npCAHOCT OBor TpaHcnopTepa y OAHOCY Ha rpaBHTaUHOHH
OJJyK Je MaI-bH .0TnOpl1 KpeTatba H Matbe XaOaIbe KOHTaKTHl1X nOBpWl1Ha TcpCTa l1
TpaHcnopTepa Jep ce 'r-pel'be IUIH'3al'ba 3alVletbyje oTnopoM KOTpJbalba.
1-16 7jWJlCl1ojJl77JlU II npCJJIOIWP/f({ CpC()CI1I(W U ypebuju
npOp~p-IYH BaJbKaCT'!-1X Tp~mn!OpTepa OC:> nOrOlla
npOp,l'-!YH BaJbKaCTI1X TpaHClJOpTepa ce CClCTOjH Y Oi\peljllBalbj rIO'rpcofior KOpaK::l
Bac1>aK2L OTnOpa npl1 KpeTal-bY Ojl110CHO 0[(peljI1K1H,Y rmrpc61le CkinC 'la KpeTalhe
TepCTa no xopki30irr,ulllOj paBllki, ,1;111 YLla lIan16a Tpacc KO;:r rpaByrraUl10fil1X
BaJbKaCTf1X Tpallcnop-repa.
KaKO je HaBe.[(eHO KopaK (pa3:VIClK) S,UhClKCl rpe6a 6YlpaTYl TCtKO .[(<l 6y L\e:
( 65)
gOKje U1V!pl1lla Tpm--!CllopTepa:
B '" I, + lO[l7ll1I] (66)
rL\e je: I, [tntll] - ;:rjilUlHa oaKen KOjH ce TpaHcllopTyje,
1,. [mm 1 -gy>KHHa SaJbaKa.
Ko!J, OBHX TpaHcnopTepa, gY)!(HHa BaJbaKa ce Kpel1e 0.[( 100 ;:(0 1250 Inm. npeLfHHK
BaJbaKa OL\ 25 JIO 160 /lllll (cTClfIJIapHe 6eUlaBHe l\esH), KopaK SaJbaKa 0.[( SO)J,O 500
mm 11 YHYTpafllH)H npeYHYlK Kpl1BHIla Og 400 ~lO 1500 mm .
npH CTal\HOHapHoM KpeTaI-bj TepeTa ca KOllCTaHTHOM OP3l1HOM flO XOpf130HTamIOi\1
B<L1>KaCTOM TpaHcrlOpTepy jKyl'lIlH urnop ce C:lCTOjH OA oTllopa KpeT<lI-bC1 TepcTa
npcKo Ba;baKa (gec[lOpMaUl1ja KmITaKTHe IlOBPWIIHC '('cpeTa - OTfiOP KOTpJbafba),
orl'l(;fJa 06pTar-ba BaJbaKCl (Tpel-be y ne/KyllllTj BaJbaKa) H l1HepL\l1jHJllWr oTnopa
(nepl1O;JW!}10 y6p3Clsal'be SaJbaKa). () r . 1,,,,-)
OTIIOP KpeT[lrba TepCTa npcKo B,LbClKCl \,JS/ y] O'rIlOP oopTafhCl BaJbaKa \Lh)_'
:VIOlEe L\'l cc OLipeJIf1 KOpf1C'renH floTnyHj ClfEUlOrf1jy ca nOCTjl1KOM 0;1pel)i-1Bal-bCl
oTflopa lIa XOpi-130HTamloM LiCJlY ](0):\ TpaKacTHx Tpa]-ICnOpTepa:
~ ~ 2· f' .115, ",G·~-. d
(6.7)
LlS, '" (G +n, ,G,). J-l'~ - " d
(6.8)
rne Je: G '" 1\11 . g - Te)KHHa TepeTa,
kl - Maca TepeTa,
f - KpaK OTnopa KOTpJbafba.
d - npe'-!HHK BaJbaKa,
TpmlCI10jilJlCpU oc:] GJ"/liO? e,7C,l1ClIlllCi 1-17
do - CpeJ]JbH flpe'-lHHK ne)[(llWTa BClYbClKa,
17! - OpOj B([Jbal<Gi 1-Ia KOIC ce OCJlGiiba TepeT.
J(a OH ce 0.[(PCj(f10 HflepL(HjaJIIIf1 !.leo OTnopa \iO'rpeolllJ je nOC:VJaTpaTi-1 npoMeHY
Op3i-1He KpeTa!-ba BaJ1>aKa npi-1 H,H1jlaCKj -repeTa. Cjl. 6,1 1.
Ha cn. 6.11 a I1pHKa',aHa je npOMC1Ia OOHMl!e 6p'3HlIe BaJb<lKa npl1 npeJlacKy TepeTa
KOjH ce Kpeik lu)HCTaHTIIOM OP3l1HOM (v), npf! '-lc:vry .ic npCTl10CTUBJhellO .o:a cc
npOMeI-Ia 06YlMHe B<lSbaKa BpLUH ca KOHCT2lHTHHM y6p3alheM O)lIlOCHO
YCllopCI-beM. Y Mu;,:ewry Kana TepCT HaHna'3H I-m B,lJbaK (TcHKa 0) Oil nOLllUhe Aa ce
yop3aBa 0)], 06HMHe 6p3HHe Vi '" 0 gO op,HHe KpeTa!-ba TepeTa Vi'" V (TaYl<a A)
HaKOH Lrera ce Kpehe 3ajegHO ea TepeTOM cse i10 TpeHyTl<a KaD,a ra TepeT l-IanjlllTa
(TaLfKa B). 360r Tpef-ba j Jlc)KHUJTY BaJbaKa 06YlMHa op3HHa B<LlbKa ee CMal-byje gO
HjJle (TaYKa C). 360r Tora uno oOHMHa Op'3HI'ra BaJbaKa HC Mo)Ke TpeHYTHo JIa
DopaCTe on l'lyne )],0 6p3HHe KpeTalha TepeTa, j ncpHOD.y !·berOBor y6p'3asal-ba
D.OJla3H ;],0 KHH3aI-ba yn!VIe1)j BaSbaKa H TepeTa. rIpe:vJa TOMe j OBOM cnY'-lajj ce
jaBJhajj ;:rBa OTfiopa - OTl10P 3601' y6paBClfba saSbaKa OgHOCHO 360r 1108e11alb:1
KHHeTI1'-ll<e eHeprl1je S<lJbaKLl H OTfiOP 3001' KJl113a!-bU f1:3!'vlel)y BaJb(lKa 11 TepeTa. KaKO
ce nOBe11aIbe KHHeTH'{Ke eHepnlje BaJbKa H paD. KJlYl3aIb2l BpUle njTeM aD.Xe'mOlle
CHIle H3Mel)y Bac1>Ka H Tepc-ra, 3HaLIH IICTe CliJle. a OJlrOBapajyl1l1 llpel)eHH njTel311
(nOBpUJH!-Ia OEA) l1 Ba:bK<1 (noBp!lJHlIa OAD), Cll. 6.11a. cy TaKol)e HCTH Mo)Ke ce
KOl-lCTaTO BanL(B WHl OfiPO'lJlo)Kel'be 3a o,UpeljllB,ube O'l'l1opa Hll yrol3apHoM MecTY
TpmmcTHx Tp,uiClloprepa) )1<1.ie paD, 101Wlillba ( ) je;1HaK caolllllTeHoj KHHCTf1 LIKOj
eHeprHjH ( ). OgHOCHO JJ.aje jl<jTIaH pa.'l HflepW'loHor oTliopa je)lHaK )moC'rpjKOj
KHHeTwlKoj eHeprHjYl:
G 'v2
Ek '" 1jI' -"-- - CaOl'lUJTeHa KHHeTH'-lKa eHeprHja BaJhKY, 2·g
(6.9)
'-11'" 0,8 -7 0,9 - Koec[lHl\f1jeHT KOjH Y3Hl'vIa y 06'3Hp,o:a yKjl1Ha o6pnra Maca
( G I I () • BaJ1>l<a I nlo '" - HHJe Cl<OHueHTpHcaHa Ha fberOBOM 06HMj.
\, g )
N8 TpWlcnopnlllC7 u npemO(WpliO Cpe()c/1l(!{( U ypehaju
KaKO' je V!3pa30'o"I (6.9) LlClllVlH¥!G1H pall 111-1Cpl~f1jaJII-Ior' O'rnO'pa '3a jeJlLlIl BaJbC1K Tar\a
fie yKynal1 pa)} O'Bor o-ffIO'pa (dS-,) 11<1 irY:,KI-IH¥! TpaI-lCllOpTePCl (L) 6vrrH:
LlS-, . L = A . }7
. L ~ - . (L) r;'je Je: II = - - GPO'J BClJbalGI HCl noc'vJaTpaHO'J l\Y)KHI-II! TP<HlCIIO'pTepGL 1
Ha O'CHO'rrv npeTXO'.'(J-lOr llllepUHjaclHH O'TI1O'P jc:
LlS; = If!' g ·t
(6.10)
VKymlH O'TrIGp KpeTalbY TepeTa nO' xO'pmO'HTamrO'fV1 13aJbKaCTOM ;rpaHcnopTep)
LlS =
VI E
o
vj
o
A
F t',
+ LlS, +
B
OJ
5)
2·G ( =-_. Lt· // : (
u \
\
+/1 2 )
( ·l 2 'I I [ IJ V" ') " n/'lI'-+yJ'-- :(6.11 \ d [;-1)
v A
c)
;)
CrZUlW 6.11. )1uja?pcl."vlu Op'JUlIU II1cpemo U ffWbOKCl KOIJ ealbKUCIllUX I7Ip(IIICnOpmepa
Tpaltc17op17lepu oe] (fYI/HOc' e.'/e.~lellilia 149
YKonHKO' ce pa.'(H 0' BaJbK3CTHM TpaHCf]OpTCP¥!M3 nO';:( Han160'M (cd OH)}3 ce nope~ npeTXO)lHO Ha6pojmHlx j3BJba jOlll jC)]ClH OTnop KOjH Je jC~lHaK KOMnOHeHTH Te)KHHe
Tepe-ra LlS'-I =:r:G· sina Oi~HOCHO:
np¥! '-ICMY Tpe6a VlM3TH y Byl)}Y L\il cy BPCflIIOCTVl /JS j . /1.'i' - Y OBOM
LlS j = G . cosa . 2· f : LlS, = (G· cosa + n f • G,,)· LI . d - , " d (6.12)
TaKC ;:(a Je:
,( I ' \ (II v- :. ,
'1 !II ·,u·-+W·-I=G·sina (6.13) \ d g j
f;:(e KOj( Tpel1er '-LlaHa 3HaK (+) Tpe6a Y3HM,rm KClj(Cl ce npH KpeTaJ-b Y TepeT H3L(H}Ke,
LUTO HHje '-leCT cnYLIaj KO,[( BaJbKClCTVlX TpaHcnopTepa, a 3HaK (-) Kil,Ua ce TepeT
cnYUlT3 (rpamUaL\HOI!Vl BaJbKaCTVl TpallCflopTepH).
l-la OCHOBY H3pa3a (6.13) Mo/Ke ce OX\pe,UHTVl flO'rpe6311 yrao HarVl63 TpaJ-lCnOpTep3
'3a cnyqaj tIa ce TepCT Kpene KOHCTaHTHOM 6P3HHOM [liTO je VlcnYl-beHO Y cnY4ajy
Ka,Qa Je LlS = 0 , O;:(HOCHO:
:2 ( ('
( \ I ! V
I .1 r \ vtj i
Iga - - II . + J 1+-'117/ . ,u' +1}/ .- (6.14 ) d
f 7 ) G i, d \, g j
KO)l rpaBVlTaUHOHl-lX TpaHcnopTepa, KaKO je TO HclllpeLl llanUMeilYTO, yeao llClrH6;:-,
ce Y'3HMa BenH 0;:( Bpe;1.HOCTH J~aTe H:,p,nOM (6.14) I(a 51-! ce oCTBapHHo cHrypl-IO
KpeTal-be npH '-leMY ce lIa Or(pc1jeHoM pacTojal-bY nOCTaIW,ajy perynaTopH 6p3HHe.
npCTXO;J.lIa pa3Mirrpal-ba cy H3Be,UeHa 3a cnYLJaj I-JawraCKa TepeTa Ha BaJl,ClK KOjYI
MHpyje, cn. 6.11 a, UlTO ce ,QeUJaBa npH Bct1Y!M pacTojaPDl-lMa H3MelJy TepeTa Ha
TpaHcnopTepy (T) npl-l 4eMY je t J < I; _ HajMafbVl oTnO'p no je,QHHHIll-l Te)KHHe
npeTpaJ-lCnOpTOBaHor MaTepVlj3na ce jal3Jbajy Y cnyLrajy KL1,U3 6H TepeTH CneL\HflH
jeL\aH )}pym (T = (J), Tj, Ka,[(3 BeMa Vll-lepL\HJa!lHHX OTflOPL1, UITO ce y npaKCVl
,UelllaBa BeOMa peTKO.
HL1 cn. 6.1 16 je npHKa3aHa npoMeHa 6p3!-lHe KpeTal-ba Tepe-ra Ka)J,a je l-berOBa
nO'-leTHa 6p3HHa je)}l-IaKa HYJlH. TecTepaCTl-1 06JlVlK )}HjarpaMa YKa3yje Ha YTHI~aj
B(LTbaKa Ha 6p3HHY KpeTal~ba TepcTa lllTO y npBoM peJIY 3aBHCH O)} OJIHOCa Mace
TepeTa 1-1 Vll-IepL\HOHOr MOMeHTa BaJbKa. Ep311HL1 TepCTa ce nOCTeneHO nOBenaBa H
aCHMnTOTCKH ce npH6nmKaBa Ha3HBHoj 6p3HHH KpeTafba ( v)' ) WTO je HenOBOJbHO
jep 3L1XTeBL1 )J,yro BpefVIe 3a KpeTafbe 3aTO ce 4ellll1e KopVlCTe Tpal-IcnopTepH ca
150 TPCllICI10pll11la 11 npemoeaplta cpel)cI1Wa 11 ypelJoju
BehUM yrnOBI1;Vra Haruoa TaKO )],a jc nOBel'1albc OP'31111C 3HaTHO 0p;'Ke, CJL 6,11 r, npu
'le~!y KO::\ onpef]e!le Op'3I1He (v) 110Jla3H 110 nejcTBa perYJlaTopa Op1Hl!e LlWvle ce
0p1l-1fla CNla!-byje Ha v,,,,,, . JLacbHM KpeTalhclvl op3HHa paCTe L(O (V) Ka;-;,a CC 1l0l!OEO
TepeT KOLJH aYTOMaTCKHIvl yKJbY'IClbeM perymnopa op3HlIe, HT/J,. )J,onYUlTeHe
cpe;1lbe op'3HHe KpeTaIba TcpeTa 1':0,'( rpaSyl'l'aUHOHHX lla:bKaCH1X Tp<lHCnOp-TerX1
3C1BHce npc CBera on BpCTe H Te)KYllle TepCTa Kao H 0)1 HaclHl-ra 3aycraBJb<ll-ba TcpeTa
Ha TpallcnopTepy.
6.2.2 BaJhKaCTM Tp;HH::nopTepH ca HormWM
OBa GpCTa TpaHcnopTcpa I1pYl aYTorvwTYl3aUYljH KpeTalba MaTepHjaJ1a Yllvla BeOMa
3HaLJajtJy ynorv Kao caBpe:VICliO CpeL(CTEO y!!yrpallllLer TpallCnOpTel ca noceOI'IO
Benl1KOM npH:VleHOM IlpH COPTHP,ll-bY flHC;VIOHOCl-lI1X nOl1W':-bKH.
llpe:Vla BallI-my npeHOWel-ba Kpecrarba ca noroI-lCKOr MCXaf-lH3Ma l·ra BaJbaK OBI1 ce
TpiU-lcnOpTepYl Mory no)],eJlHTH l·ra B,UbKacre TI)(1lICI10p'f(~pe ca rpymlHM YI
IlHiJYlBHllyaJlHYIM norm-10M BaJbUKa. fpYflHH norOll ce [I·lmKe OCTBGlpHTYI Ha
pa3JIl1'lHTe Ha'1YlI-le a l-leKH 0)], IbYlX cy npYlKtl'3aHYI HU CJl. 6.12.
Ha cn, 6.12 a. 0 je npHKa3UI-! HULlYlH norOHa BaJbaKa !10Mony KOHYCHHX 3ywral-IHKa YI
claHaua, KOjH ce KopHcTe 3a TpaIlCnOpT TC)KHX TcpeTa iJOK CJ1, 6.12 B.r npm;:a3yjy
pa);lHLJHTe BapHjaHTe norOHa Cil TpaKoM YI OKPYrJll1M rYMel-UIM peMel'll1Ma KOjH cy
IlorOiJiUi 3a TpaHcnopT naKlJlHX TepeTa, V!!-lllfIBYliJyaJlllYl non)!! CBUKor SaJbKa, 'loor
BHCOKe lWHe, cy ce KOPHCTWlH ca~1O KOn TpaHCnOpT<l TepeT<l Be:!HKe Te)K1IHC y
cncLUljaJIHHM cnYLJajeBHMa Ka.'1<l jc nOTpeono 3Gl)],OBOJbYlTYI OJwel)ellc TeXHOJlOlJlKe
3<lXTelk Kao HTlp. y MCTanyprHjYl KOL( BaJbaOI-lWlKl1X CTClHOBa. Ha ,U,HlaWlbeill
CTerlellY pa3Boja norOHa H ynpaBJ1,cll-ba CBe ce llHlfle-rctJpHC! L 5clJbL(H ca norOllHMLl
cy c;>!eWTCI-IH y YHYTpawfbocT caMO!' BaJbKLl, eJl. 6.12.1', ca KojHMa ce M())!{e
BPWH'rYi He3<lBHCHO ynpaBJbaI-be a THMC H perynaUHja op3HHe KpeTal-ba TepeTa
npl1XBaTJbl1BHX uel-la, KOL( OBaKBHX TpmlcnopTepa Morylia je npHMel-la KaKO
HIIJ.HBHiJYilJ11-1HX TaKO H rpynHHx flOrOHCl.
a)
TpaJlci/oJ!l1lepu oe:] (JY'/J/{)? e:le.HellIllU
0)
1---'----, I " I 1'1\ L.: ._, : -~-z:::.J .
y (~ +,):EHI~ .~ v ~\-j) ~
6)
151
eJILIl,'U 6.12. FpYf1llu 110,'OI!lI (J(UbKOCmux l11policnopmepa
KpHBonHHHjcIG1 iJenOBH ce Haj4cwne 113BO,i.\e ca noroHcKHM KOHYCHl1M BaJbl(I1Ma.
IlopeL( Tora npOMel-Ia npaBua M())Ke na ce H3BPWl1 KOpYlWnCl-beM cneUl1jamll1x
ypef]aja 0;:( KOjHX cy HeKH npYlKa3aHH Ha cn, 6,13.
OBH TpaI-lCnOpTepYl cy BCOMa noronl-ll1 3a aYTOMGlTH3aUYljy na ce BeOMa LleCTO
KopHcTe Y cKnony aYToMaTYl30BaJ1HX TpGlUCnOpTHHx JlI1HHJa Hnp, 3a COpTl1palbe
nOWTaHCKHX nOWI1JbKH, cn. 6,14,
152 7jXlIICIJO]!11111c/ u npemO(!aprlCl cpeDCI1lIJCl L! )pelyaju
CmlJw 6.13. Ypehaju JCI "pO,11elIV npoc1110 I1lpC!lICnOpmO(1([J(,C/
CltuKCl 6.14. AymOMQlIlzncnruja Kpel11Cl1bC! mepenw
TpallCI10pmepu 6eJ liY'IlIO? e:le~Vlelllna 153
fipopaqyn B3JblG1CTHX TpaHCIJOpn'pa ca florOHOM
KanaUI1TCT B3JbiG\CnIX Tp81ICnOJlTcpa je o}(pel)eH H'pa'lI1Ma (1.3) H (1.4). 3a
pa'3JlllKY OJJ BafbKaCTHX Tpal-lCIIOpTcpa oe3 nOr0HLl y OBO:\;I cnYLlajy cc He j81L'ha ( A (' \ • ,
HHepUl1JanHl1 OTIlOp \cJd 3) TaKO Jla Je OTrJOP no Je;lHC);'vl KO:'vlaDllOM TepeTY npe"vta ( 6.13):
:7. G· cosa i . do "-, 1,1", +, G '17 ell!, (' cJS = - '1 fL ? 'i () I' Ll . -::;:: J' sina d \ _ j 'd (6.15)
BaJbaKa HCIlO:" TepeTa fj 6poj CJ1060JJlIHX 13<lJbilKa WlMefjy JJBa Tepe-ra _ 17 f = II i + n" ).
rfoTpeoHa Cllara 1a KpeTalbe ce JJ06Hja, aKO ce IIa TpalicnopTepy JJY)KHHe (L) Hana311 (N) TepeTa TC;'KHI-Ie (G) Y OOm'!KY:
LIS· N . v [ 1 p= kJV 1000 . '7 (6.16)
. " L _ . r;~c JC: iy = T -opoJ npcilMc'ra IJa TpallcnopTCpy,
11 - CTcnCH HCKOPHWI1elba norOHCKor ,\;ICXaHH3Ma.
154 TpallCI10pnlliU 1I npeflJ(}(jUpIW cpecJcl1lGU 11 ypehuju
7. AYTOfvlATH30BAHH TPAHCfIOPTf-Ul CUCTEMU
TpClllcnopTHY! CYlCTeM npe;(CTaBJba KOM6l1HLlLlYIjy BYllUe HCTHX fU!Y! pa3J!WIHTHX
TpaHcnopH!Y!X cpe,[(CraBa KOjH pa)le lla HcnYlbaBaIbY (pcamnaIIHjII) oJ..\pcljeIWX
Tpm-ICflopTHHX 3'l,UC\TClIGl. OCHOBHH '3agaTaK TpallcnopTHor CPCiJ.CTBCl a THMC 11
Tpal-lCnOpTHOf CHCTeMa Je flpCMeurralbe -repeTa, cKyrubal-Le p,13rpaHaBaJb;o
(J(eJbel-bC) TpaI-lCnOpTHl1X TOKOBa OW-IOCHO nOBC3HBmbC MCCTa ofmpe"le (WlBOp)
(Q) ca MeCTHiYJa ,UonpeMe (no HOp) (S), cn. 7. I .
OJ
6) Cnn:o 7.1. Ilultlljcxu II .1Ipe.Jlclta c/Jipynll}j!C1 mm:o .1Iomepujcl.'la
3a H3YLIaBal-be TOKOBa MilTepl1jana ce KOpl1CTe MOi!CnH. JC;:\GlH o.u npRYlX KopaKa je
J(CcjJHHYlCa!-bC CTpyK'rypc KpeTmba iYWCrcpHjaJJa npH 'leMY ce Mory rrojaBHTI1 06JlHLlli
TOKOBa MaTepl1jaJla jC)J)IOCTaBI-le - S!HHYIjcKe cTpyKrype, CJ1. 7.1 a, HIlH BCOMa
Cn())KCHe Mpe)KHC CTpyKTypc, cn. 7.16. I1oceoHo ileJll1KaTHY np06nCM'.lTHKY KO,!"(
Mpe)KHe cTpyKType TpaHcnopTHHx TOKOBa MaTepHjana npe.uCTaBJbajy MeCTCl
cnajaH,a (HtlTerpaJIHH 'lBOp) H pa3,UBajal-ba U(HqlcpeHL(l-ljaJlHIi LIBOp) TpaHcnopTHHx
je.uHHm~a, T3B. 'lBOPl-Ia MeCTa. Ha TIiM MCCTl-lMa cc BPWl-l rrpc-roBap Tepc-ra ca
jC,LlHOr TpaI-lCnOpTHor CpC;lCTBa Ha .upyro H ynpaBJba "1'ycTHHoM ca06pa11aja"
HajLlewne npcrvIa 3aXTeBl1Ma TeXHonOWKor I1poueca HJlH )lHCTPH6YI~Hje p06c. 3a
OBC nOTpeoc pa3BHjeHa .ie TeOpl1ja PC.uOBa yeKaI-ba a y l-IoBHje Bpel'vle ce CBe BHWC
np!1Mel-byjy, rrorOTOBO y CnO}KCH!1M YCJIOBHMa, MCTO,Lle CHilIYJlaL(l1je TPaI-lCllOPTllHX
TOKOBa. Ha CJ1. 7.2 cy npliKa3aHe BPCTC '!BOPHYlX MCCTa nyreM cHM60na CGl
OCHOBI-IHM napaMCTpl1Ma.
"4ymoMCinnnoeWlu I7lpUnC!1oj!IJIIIU ClICll1e.\/U
2J,e)bCrb'-'.
pa'];J:p':"U;lfi,<;:
('<:'I\\ll!}mi-,(:,
(n;~FU.be
li=lJl = 1
II = 1 l c..: _____ ..:
III '1 J
!~-~ : II ,1 ' _-; ! I
-- ~: ~! !----.~ lll-l J' -- - i .
~----- :
155
(fJlllf":!]. 7/,.7. f'ZI'! ,r!") , _ _ L ,A(YL:1lI li npUi\U3 nap(Wemapa i\apW(/llepUCmU 1IIIUX 06:WKCl l7Io/wea
:VlamepujwlO (r180PIiO MeCfl1Ci)
Y CaBpeMcHoj I1pI-lBpC,LlH, 3601' paLlHOHam!3aUl1je TpOlUKOBa H npaBOBpeMeHO[,
o.urOBopa Ba CBC CJl())!(CI'lHjc :laXTCBC Tp}!(I111JTa, cc CBC Bllwe npHMel'byjy
aYTOMaT!130BaHl-l CHCTCMH Tpal'lcnopTa MaTcpujaJla. Vll-lTcrpaUl1ja l1
aYTOMaTW3aLlHja pa,Ll'-l npCTXOjll-lO oopaljel-lHX MCXaHH'lKHX Tpal-lCflOjTrepa
npeD,CTaBJba OCIIOBY ayroMilTl-l'30BUHUX TpallCllOpTHUX CI1CTC!VICl KOjH ce npHiYlcl'byjy
Ka!(O y caBpCMCHOJ npOH'3BO,LlfbH TClKO H Y nOUlTGlMa. Ha CJl. 7.3 je ,QLrr flpHl~a3 ,QBa
CHCTe~ta TpaHCllopTepa y OKBYlpy aYfOiYWTH30BaHHX TpaflCl!OpTHIiX CHCTeM<l '3<1
Tpal-lC[]opT KOMal(l'[Or rvraTepujana (naKeTH, Bpelk, nocy ge, ... ), 1'1((: ce Mory yOLiHTfl
pa'3Hc KOMouHaUllje TpaKacTHx ['I g,lJbICClCTHX TpaHC:lOj;repa.
156 TpaiLCl10jJ17/11a 1I npemO(iUpllQ CPCOCtlilW U ype10ju
CflZl7W 7.3. AYJ71uMWnUJOewlII CUCJ7Ie.Vl l1lPIJl{CIlOplJlepa
CXOWlO npeTxo,QHHM 1'larrOMej-Ja~la ofl.f'oBapajyi13 lpJleKC>16HIlHOCT OBYlX CYlCTeMCl ce
oCTBapyje npHMeHoM ypefj(~ia 3a nOBe3lfBaJbe, pa3i.\Baj'Hbe Ii ClIajalbe, npl-l LIe(,!y
je KOn, nOillT3 noce6fIo I-lHTepeCal-lTHfl Iloj-\rpyna ypel)aja 3a pa3lWilJalhe
(pa3BpCTflBal-be) TCPCTH Koja cnY)!(1-l 3<1 COPTHP,lI-bC 110UJTaHCKHX nOillY!)bKH.
Y oKlmpy aYTOMaTvl30BaHor TpaHCllOp-ra Ka;1a napm1CTpl-l TepeTn HHCY
Ylm(IJYil~J.jIX1HU jaBJbCl CC l1o-fpe6a :m O)l.pefj'~HOM cpnCKCH6YlJlIIOIllilY TmlcnopTlior
CpCJ(CTBa (o6m!K. ;IflMCI'13l-ije, HOCHBOCT, nyral-b<:l, ... ). 3a TaKBC mlTpe6e pa'311vljella
cy noce61'la TpmlCllOpT1Ia cPC;1CTRa Koja ce (\lory llpl-LIaroljaBilTYI npm·ICIUbYlBH\1
II2lpaMCTpHM2l TepeTa O,Q KOjYlX cy Haj3aC'rYIlJbel'lHja aYTO;'vlirrCKJ.-l BoljelJa B03J.-lJlJ.
(ASS) fj M2lHHnynaTopfi ODHOCHO fiHfWcrPYljcKYI p060TYI.
7.1 AVTOMaTCI(H EO .., B03HJIa
Y yenOEl-1M3 eaBpeMel'le npVlBpc)l.C, pilJIYI nOBel'iill'ba !beBe ecjmKacBOCTYI, cc Bcn
BYilUe rO.IUiHa ycncUJHo YIlO'rpe6Jb<lB2ljy pa3J1Y! LlHTe BpcTe aYfOMJ.TcKH BOljCI'IHX
B03Y1n2l Ha Tp2lHCnOpTHo-MaHfinynJ.lJ,HOHYIM onepJ.LJ.Yljai\lIa npBeHcTBeHo y OKBllPY
ayroMaTYI30B3BC np0l13Bo)J.l·be, 3a TpaHcnopT y ~1HCTPYl6YLJ.HOHYIM lJ,cHTpYlMa, cn. 7.4a, nOWTaM2l, ell. 7.46, 60J1HHLJ.2lMa, K2lHLJ.enapYljaMa YlTfl..
AYlllOivtannrWriCliIU /1/jJClllcl7opmlfu Clicme.1nl
/ --------7
(
/
/./..-/.//
'. ~~-
c{j
6)
157
Cnww 7.4. IIpwvtep njJuMelle ABB y 110Ulllla-vta u ducmpu6yz/UOlILL11 l/elll1ljJU11a
158 TPWICI70{JlI1liO II IlpernOeapllo cpe()CI7lIW 1I ypeijaju ----------------------~~-
ORH ypcl5aiH CC, Y CTPYYlIOj mrrcpaTypH H npaKCH, cpehy no;~ pa3J1WIHTHM
Ha3Y!BHlVla, 3aBHCHO OlL !'OBOpHOI~ rlo~1,pyYja. Ha er'IL1CCKOM rOBopIIO'vl nO;lPY'ljy
KOpv;CTH cc HCl3Y!B AlIlol71cueci Guided Vehicle - AG V Hnyl Corrier Sysrem. !lit
IIC:,lil'lKOlVl Fohrerlosc TrclII.ljJor! - svsteme - FTS a l-Ja pyCl>~O'\1 AIlI!1()JV!ClIJ1U'ICCJ{ujo
IJIpallcnoplIlIIujo J)"/e_'{OICl,(f HJH1 pOOOKClp.
701.1 OCHOBHC
nocrojH l-ICKOJIHKO OCHOI3HHX THflOBJ 1"-BB: BYYIIO BO~Hno. flllilCTI-IO 1303HJ1O.
BO'3H1IO 3a "jeJ".{m~lFlHe TcpeTC", S03HJIO-BHJbYWKap. B0'3Hl!O 'larli1KC TCPeTC, B01WI3
3a lVlOllT3)KY H cfleUHjaJtl-m B03Hna.
Bv'ma B03Hila, cn. 7.5, 8YKY 3d COOOM 2-,-5 nph(OjIH]~a ll}opME;)Z~jyliH Ti8. "Ey'lHH
B03". KOpYICTC cc 3a TpaHCf]OpT TcpeTa H21 Bcl')a pacroj:ubCl (npcKo 150171 j Hnp.
Yl3MCl)y 3rpa,':(a H Ha OTBOPe!lOlvl Ilpocropy. bP-3HI-Ja OBHX BO'lHna jc 30-,-120 In / rnin
ca MHHWvlanHMM panI1jYCOM KpHBYlHC OKO 2 Ill. Pa3nYlI(yjy cc )JEa CHCTC"\a T3E.
oTBopeHH M 3<lTBOpeHH CHCTCrvl. AKO ce npHKoSlH1.J.e na yf"OSapllO HCToBapHHM
CTaHHuaMa o,':(Bajajy Oi~ BO'lHJta pa)JH cc 0 OTBOPCIIOM CHCTeMY KOjH je 3HaTHO
CpJleKCH6HJll-lHjH O}l, 3aTl',OpcHO!' CHCTeMa, r/.\e npHKonHue oCTajy 3aKa'leHC '3a
B03HJ10 na ueo "BV'IHH B03" rv!Opa 1.\a 'ICKa YfoBap HJlH HCToBap TcpcTa Ha
O)JPClLHl.UTHMa.
CJf1I1((f 7.5. BY'tllo emu/tO
IIaHcTH3 B03l1Jl3, cn. 7.6, CC o6wlI-Io ](OpHCTe y CKnaj1HWTHMa 'la Tp,mcnopT
TepcTa (po6e). B03HJla cy Ha npCAl-beM )lcny onpCMfbCl-Ja BvUbYWKaMa WTO HM
oMoryilaBa )JH3al-be H cnywTal-be TepeTa ca nO)Ja HJJH YTosapHo HCToBapHe CTaHHUC.
BHcHHa ):(H3al-ba BHJbywKapa KO):( OBHX R03Hna ce Kpelle 0):( 0,2-,-0,3 JJI a flocc6l-lo cy
Aymo;HWrlU]()(-Jat!U I7ljJ(f/lCI70j!tIlllU cucmc.\/U 159
eC!JliKaCHa Ha nYTeBllMa O)J HCKOJlHKO ilcceTHWl MeTapa ca MaIbHM 6poje;j
YToBapl-lo-HCTOSapI-lllX CTaHHua. HOCHBOCT B03HJILl ce Kpeflc 0,':( 2-,-:; TOHe ca
OP3Hl-IaiVlLl 15-,-75 IJ1 / min.
Cnll(Q 7.6. f]mteillllU eO]LC[([
BO:HC13 33 "jeJ".{HlBl·Ill!1 Tepe-r", cn. 7.7, npc):(cTaBfb~jy HLllBliWC lIPHMCI-bHBal-la
BO"3Hna 300r CBOjC ctlJleKCHOHJIlIOCTH y no,Jle)JY MOfyhHOCTH 0pHXBtira pa:iJlYlYHTHX
TepeTa, a Co1Y)Ke 3a OOBe3HBal-be YToBapl-JO HCToBapl1l1x CTaHHua CrpallcnopTcpH.
yna3Ho 113Jla3]-le 30l-le CKJlailUlllTa, ... ) I-Hi Kpahui\il pacTojill-bHMa ca peJIaTHBl-lO
BcnHKUM HHTeH'3HTeTOM cao6pai')aja. BcoMa cy 110KpCTHa (pa.QHjyc KPHBHI-IC ce
Kpehc 011 0,9-'-1,5171) ca yoOUyajcHuNl Op3H}IaMa y rpmlHuaMa 30-,-75m/min.
Onpe:V1fbcIJa cy pa3JlHynTHM spera.vla "nOCfOJbil 3<l npHxB,rrafbe TcpcTa". Hi~j'lcUJhe ce .laBJba cen-JeHT norOHCKor B~UbKacror Tpal-iCnOpTepa KOj fi MO)KC 6wrH
HcnoKpeTaH H 1l0KpeTall. nOICpCTHH B<1JbKaCTH TpallcllopTCP je HJlH 06PT<lH Y ;-';'0PH301ITiLlllOj paBHJ1 .l-lnH BcpTI1KaJ1IIO nO~iepJbHB (0,2-,-0,3 Ill) UlTO ooe36cl)yje
;'J,OilaTHY rllflcKcHoHJTI-lOCT osoj BpCTH B03H"la.
OCllOBI-il1 06JlHK B03J1J1(\ je lIpHKa3aH l"ia cn. 7.7. f'mlBI-lf1 eJlC,v!Cl-iTH H ypcl)ajH H<l
B031lJlY cy: flOCTOJbe 3a flpl1XBaT -rcpeTa (I), TacTcpH 3a PyclHO YllpaBJbafbC (2), CBCTJlO 3a yn030pelbe (3), KOIiTpOJIHH ):jl'IClUlej (4), nOK<l3HB<1'] npllBua KpcTalbCl (5), 6paHHK (HOT-CTOI1 npeKH.Qay) (6) H ulacHja ca TOCIKOBHMa (7).
160 TpallC170pnmCl II npemocaplia cpe(}Cl1IeCi II ypehaju
I I i
I ! i i 1
( • f
2 7
0)
0) e)
CI1lKO 7.7. BmwlO JCI ')CChIIlU'IlIlI I7lcpem "; 0) OCliOl:!llZl OO~'lliK ABB, 0) co
GWbKUCI7nUvl mpmlcllopmepo;H , G) (!O]lUIO IiCi 11])( iJ/ObttPIlOj C17IOIIUl!U
B03!Wa 'Hma BHJbVillKan3 mFle f-la KOf-lBCHUHOHa:IHe MaHyaJ1l-10 ynpaBJbaHe
BHJbywIG}pe, C11. 7.8. B03HIla cy onpervubcH3 ByUbYWK<lM<l KOjC cc ;.,wry H3i\H3:1TH no
6 m , WTO oMoryhyje tbHXOBY npH,y!eI-lY 3a oncJly,J(HBatbC CKJIa;J}IWTa H CHCTe\'la ca
YToBapl-lo HCTOBapHHM CTal-lVlLl,aMa 1-Ia pa3J1H'-IHTHM BHCYlI-Jai\Ia. l--lOCHBOCT OBYlX
B03vW3 ee. Kpel1e no 21 M,l}:l,a encllYljaJII-le H3BeJ~6e Mory na HMajy H 3H<lTHO Bel'le
HOCYlBOCTYI. Mal-Ja OBI1X B03Y1JIa je nOTpe6aH BeJlYlKI1 Mal-ieBapCKI1 npocTop. nY)Ke
BpeMe 3a YToBap 11 HCToBap TepeTa H BeJlHKa ueHa.
AymoMClnnrWGOlIU 171jJCl1lCllopmllu ClicmeMU 161
CWKa 7.8. ABB GWb)'UIl.:ap
B031lJla 33 JlaKC TCDCTC. en. 7.9 Hi'vIajy HOCHBOCT MaH,y 0;\ 250 kg H KOpYlCTe ce 3a
TpaHcnopT :v!am-lX ;J,enOBa, nocY;J,a, naKeTa, nOlllTaHCKHX nOWHJbKfI, YI ~pyrHx
M,LlYlX TepeTa Kp03 1l0UITe, 60Jll-lMqe, KarIuenapHje I1TJ~. aBa B0'3fI;la ce 'JeCTO
KopHCTe H KaO ByLIl-la BO,IFI<l npH LJeMY ce np!1KOJlHue O~gllaLJe po onpe;J,I1WTa H
OTK<l'1e aMory ;J,a npCB03e l-lnp. neKOBe, naKeTe y 1l0UJTai\la Y1T;J,.
CniKCt 7. 9. Bonlfta oCt /taKe mepeme
Y Ta6eJiH T-7.1 je naT npernen OCHOBHHX KapaKTepHCTHKa 3a HaBe;J,eHe BpCTe
aYTOiVIaTCKH Bo1)eHHx B03HJ1a.
162 TPOllC170pnwo u npemouopllo Cjie()C/1I(i({ II ype~Clju
T-7 I
I I OP'3I1HCl
npoc.
I HOCI1BOCT DJl3albe )J.Y/i(' 11 Hj-lCKC
I BPCT;} B03HJIa
( ( ) ( /11 ) \ (mlmin) TpelHC. ueHe
l ( 171 )
I ByL!lIO B03Hno 1-;.-22 I 0 I 30-;.-120 I 1 S()-7-1 SOO I 0.85 I
1 I n;};ICTHO B01HJIO 2--7-3 I 0.2~0.3 I 15-;.-75 50-;.-80 0,65
I ! I _ .. BlY311nO 33
\
I I >80 1,0
G~ I 30-;.-75 "'jeD,.TepeT"
0,S-;.-3,5 .~
\ i (50000$) ,
I AOV-
I i !
I I I 2-;.-9 I 1,2-;.-6 45-;.-75 OKO 50 L5 B,LbywKap I
I B03HJ[0 3a Mane I 0,05-;.-0,25 0 15-;.-30
\ OKO 80
\ 0,60 I TcpeTe ! I
CD~leKCHDHmlOCT, KOJY 06e36elJyje caMO B03vUlO, ce MQ)Ke 311aLfajHo rrOBcnani
HHTerpaunjoM ca OKOJlHHOM. TaKo ce Mory caBHaAaTll Mal-bC pa'3JlHKe Y I-lI1BOY
rrOCTaBJb,H-beM Kocor nOtl.a (HaeHD JIO 10%), CH. 7.1 Oa. aYfoMaTcKo OTBapaibe BpaTa
Koja cyceJ\He npOCTOpl1je. cn. 7.106, y;la'3aK Y JIHCjlT 1a npoMcHY cnp,rra,
CJI. 7.1 OB. yrrpaBJbatbe ca06panajeivJ nYTeM ceMmjlopa. CJl. 7.J Or.
if) 6)
Aymc);lwmU]()(WliU IJIPCl11C170P11l1lU Clicme.lILI 163
?) 6)
Clw:a 7.10. Hc!((' or) rjueJ-:cUUlI'llle Ulll71cT/!l!uje ArB-Cl co OKOJIWiOM
7.1.2 Ocn3H:,3lbe Ii ynpa13Jh3lbe I~peT<HbeM B03HJI3. BpCTe H:
pacnopeJ], 1'O'-l1(013a
B03HJlO ce npeKO TOLJKOBa ocnatba Ha nOA. Y 3aBHCHOCTl1 0):.\ qlYHKUHjC
p(13JIYlKyjCMO IlorOHCKC, ynpaBJbaHC, cnooo,nHC 0 MepHe 1'O'[I(OBC. KOllucnunjc
pacnope;J.H TO'jI(OBa Oa3Hp[vy Ha TeopHjH pa3BojeclOj 3<1 KOllBeHUHOlwmw B031iJla
npH '!eMY je 0):.\ noce6Hor l1HTCpeCa :V106HJlHOCT OBHX B0'31lJ!a.
BpCTC TOlm:OBa
f10rDHCKH TO'lI(OBH oMoryl1yjy KpCTalhe BmHJla. Kao H KOI( KOHBeHqHoflaJlIIHX
BO'll1J1a, rrYTeM a;l,XC3HOl-lC cyme ca nO;'l.JIOrOM oMoryl1yjy npcHoc C[larC ca
rrOrGHCKor :VICXilHl'!3Ma Ha wacvUY BO·3Y1na. OBa B03WW CC yr;raBHoM KpeTiy no
XOpl130HTaJllloj nOJ.\j103H ,U1Vl CC npojeKTyjy TaKO ;J.Gl oMory])e CaBJiaiJ,aBCllte HClrHoa
D,O 10% npYl lfa3!-IBHOM ol1TcpeTiclbY B01HJla. f1oroflCKl1 TOLJKOBY! cy BC3ailH 3a
BO'lHno IlpeKo onpyra. Ha HaYHH cc oCTBapYJe KOHCTaHT,H! npHTHcaK TO'IKil 1Ia
IlO,[lJlOry, CIlpCYilBajyhH [bCrOBO npOKJlH3ClBClI-be l!a HcpaBHHM nOBpwHHaMa.
YnpaBJbaHH (HenoroHcKH) TOYKOBH I-Udajy OCHOBHY ynory, ,na nope;:! OCJ[(Hba!-ba
B03I1J1a (06c36elJetbe cra6HmlOCTl1), oMoryhe DOJbe MaHcBapcKe cnoc06HoCTH
B03Hna. f1peKo noce6Hor norOHCKor MexaHH3Ma cc nporpaMcKH BPWH yrrpaBJba!-bc
3aKpeTalbeM TOLfKa y XOPH30I'lTamlOj paBHl1 rrpH LfeMY cy OBH TOLJKOBl1 cJ[o60mm
06pTHI1 OKO BepTHKaJ1He OCOBI11-le. OBaj TOyaK ce MQ)Ke KOPHCTHTH H 1((10 MCpHH
TOyaK.
Cn060,iJ,HH TOYKOBH cnY)Ke 3a 06e36eljetbc CTa6yjj]HocTH B03!1JJa. BC3a ca B03HnOM
cc oCTBapyje npcKo BepTHKam-Io 3aKpeTHc OCOBHHC cKcueHTpHLJHO rrOCTaBfbel-le y O,[lHOCY Ha TH'IKy KOHT3KTa TOLIKa ca rrO;:(JlOrOM WTO ol'v1oryTiyje aYToHoMHO
16-J Tprlllcl7oplJlIlC! U npemo({({JJ7I(f Cpe(jcl1f(!([ 1I ypeljaju
3:lKpeT:llbe TOYK:l Y XOpH301rr8;[}JOj paBilH L[HMe je o6e'36etjcHo 60)1oC M3HeBpHCaIbe
B03v!;IOM f1 C"lalbefbe OTrIOpa Y KpHBHHaMa.
MepJIWv) TO';KO,'y) CC oMoryn,lBa KpeTaIbe B03HJIa YJ:3Bafl nyreBa 3a BoljcH,e. TeXIIHKa
McpHor TOL[Ka ce KOPl1CTU 3a f13Bofjclbe nO!IYKpYiKI'HiX 330KpeTa. 'la ny1.JJlO Bol}Clbe
BO'lH!la npu nOCTaIlfba!-bY HH,aYKTHilHor Ka6na nO:l np3BUl'o'l yrnoM Ha
paCKpCHHuaiVla. npH pOTHpa!-bY BO'5HJIa OKO COllCTBeHe oce, 3a l,pCTmbe B03HJla
IlpeKO nOBplllHHa r,ae je TelllKO nOCTaBH1'H Kaon '3a BolJel-be (ivleT,UHjC JlSjO'jC, lllHlle
H J(pyre CneL(HjaJll-le nOBpUlHHe y nOJ(Y). H H3Bol)eibe pa3HHX npynlx MaueBapa. a
CBe y L\HJbY lla ce BO'oyljlO no lIanYlll1'al-bY nYTal-be 3a Bofjelbc nOllOBO In IbY BpaTH.
T04aK :la ylepel-be ivl())Ke OH1'H CBalm HenCrCJllCKr; TO'laK K";;' ie onpe:vlJbeH
HHKpeMel-ITaJiHI-IM eUKOJJ:eporvL Ba)KHO je Ira TOCJc\K 3a 'VlepelbC oY,le HenoroHcK~1 :-lGl
Oli CC 1i30en1H HeTiFllH1 pe3ynT,lTH H3a3BaIIH Mory11HM npOK!IYl3aBalbeM TOLIKa.
PaCTojaJ-bC Koje B03H]10 MmKe ,Qa npel)e Bal-! nyTal-be :m Boryel-be je 3001' aKYMymll.(Hje
rpeUJaKa orpaJIHYCHO H 06YICJHO H3f-lOCH 3+10 In .
PaCllopCA TO'IKOBa
Pacl1opeJJ: TOc[KOBa H Morynl-IOCT ynpaBJ-baI-ba ca fhH~la llHpeKTHo oJ\pefjyjc
MalleBapcKe cnocooHoC'n1 B03YlJla. PaCrIOpe!1 3aBHCH OJ( MpC)Ke IlYTcBa 3a BolJel-be,
lllHPHl!C rIy-fHlIX npOJJa3a, TOfIepal-Il.(Hje n03Hl1YIOIIHpaI-ba B03H..-ra I-W paW-IHM lUn]
YTOBapHO-YlCTOBapl-IYl:vl CTal-lYll1a:vm H KOI-lcrpYKlJ.Hje ;vlCXaIlH3Ma 38 TpaHcq)Cp TCPCTG1
H8 BO:-H1Sly.
Ha cn. 7.11 cy npHKa',aJ-IH OCHOBIlH pacnopeW1 TO'IKOBCl I-Jaj<lclllne y npH:vicI-HI KOl(
ABB. Ha C:IHUH cy npHK<l3aHe i\JaHeBapcKe cnocOOHOCTYI Y 3alHICHOC'n! ll.'-l
pilcnopena TO'{KOBa
CI) 6) G) ?)
- 17()".O}-IC.·)'·Z,/ 17/0'1'11,', /Z!2,.?J <. 'C ynpoeJbO'/I-:U 11I0'/ar:. C.?0600011 1J10'1Cl1-:
CnlKCI 7.11. Puc}]oper) mOt/KOBO u /vlO,oyflllocm KpemWba: a) tIlPUlflllU/, 6) ()eocmpYKu 17'/PU1/U!UZ, e) ()zIljJepeltl/ujamlu pacl1opec), ?) 'Iemupu 1102OfIC"-O :Jm:pel1ll1a
17l0'l}{U
AYI710MamU']OIJW-tu mpWiCI10pn/I-IU CIICille.11U
KnaCHcllHK81(Hja I\BB npeM3 CHCTe:Vlj BoljeH,a DaTa je IIa cn. 7.12.
AYTO~'I!A TCI<v1 80'bEHA B03vln,L\
(/\B8)
Cnllw 7.12. K":/aCUijJu/wl/lija ABB npe.11Ci cllcme.tty cO/jelbLl
OCHOBHH ~aXTeBH I<Oj,1 cc flOC,[,(IBJbajy npH Bol)eibY OS<lKBHX RO'3yDa cy:
lloY3,L(aHO npahel-bC )leciJHllvICaIfHX fly-rarha,
Ta'-IJ-lO YCMcpaBalbe 1303HfIa fl.O pecjJepeJ-lTHl-lX TalJaKa,
165
H30eraBaIbe cy;rapa ca CTal(HOI-rapIH1Cil oGjeKTH:VIa, ;bYl,WvIa ,1 J:\pyrHivl
B03HJlHMa.
OCTanH cjJ<lKTOPH BC'3Gl-!H 3a I Ia'IHI-I Bol)elba BO'lHJra, o,a KOjHX 3aBHCfi KOJH l1C ce
CYlCTC,\1 npHMeHHn1 cy: Ta'lHOCT KOjOI\1 B03HJlO npaTH ny-rmbY, TpajHoc1' nY-fal-be,
rJor0ll1--10CT HHCTanauuje. fl.Y;'!('ma nYTalhe, HelJHcTobe, yTHUaj J(HeBHe CBeTJlOC1'H,
TPOWKOBH onpeMC wrl~.
OBaj Cl-lCTeM 3a BODel-be ABB .QCTaJblHlje je oopaljeH jep BctmHa npOH3BoljaCIa ABB KOPHCTH OBaj CHC1'eM 3a Bol)el'bC 3001' cflenehHX OCOOHtia:
Bem-1Ka nOj3l1aHOCT y Pil;i\Y,
MorYDHOCT npHflarofjaBal-bii HH1'eH3HBHOM caoopahajy H He4HcToj cpe.QHHH,
Mafia ueHa y OJJ:HOCY HGl .Qpyre CHCTeMe,
.uyr pa.uHH BeK,
MHHHMaJIHO O.Qp)](aBal-be.
166 TpallCl10j!nwCI u npCIIIOIWPliCi CpC()cmUCi II ypcljuju
Tpacc nYTCBa 3a Boljcfbc D,CCIHll-rYlC3!lC cy MpC/KOM )l(H'-!aflHX nCTJbH, nOCTaBJbCHHX
y nOLlY. KpajcBH )J(WIaHHX neT;l.,H CC nOBe3yjy ca rCJ-lep3TOpHMCl I-IaW3MC1IHYI-IC
CTpyjC, KOjH flPOH3BO)..(C HHCKC CIJpCKBCl-lqHje y onccry OLl 5730kHz, cTBapajYOI1
KOI-lUCI-lTPU'll-lO ;VWrI-lCTHO nOJbe OKO }KI--lI\C. Y KOlvlIUlCKClHLvl CI1CTe:vll1lV1a
Bl-ITeH'3HBHOr c306pal1aja. nurpc6Ho jc 3-.;-6 pa3JlWHITI!X ClJpCKBc1lUHja nYTcl3a 'li)
Bofjer'be, a 3a CBaKHX 1500 III ;'KHUC nOTpc6;ur jc .ic~laH rCHcpaTOp cJJPCKBC!lllflja.
O)..(PCfjHBafbC nOJl())Kaja B03Hna Y TOKY KpCTaIba, 0;113Hja CC y3 nOMOI1 pCllJCpCilTHHx
Ta'l3Ka (KOJl,l!HX 03HaKa nopc;1 cTa3c), LUljHM nClBpCMCJ-ll--lM OYl--lT,m<ll-bCM Yl
YI1opeljYll3all,c:vl ca 3a,QaI-lY!M KO;U1H'Vl 03!-laKaMa, npoBcpaBa:vlO )J,a JHJ B03ylnO pa,.J:H
npC'Vla 3aLlClTOM aJlrOpHTMY·
KOvlVHHKaUHja H3Meljy l'laLlpeljeJ-lor p<lYYl-lapCl (KOl-ITpOnopa) H B03HJla (p<lYymlpa
Ha B~3HJ!Y). cc MOiKe 06aBJ1,aTH npeKo nocc6H KOMYHYfKalU',-'Hl-lX }KHua. KOjC ce
nOCTaBJb~jy Y Y!CTH ;'KJbe6 ca )KHuaMa 3a Boi)Cl-be. OCHi\! OBor t-JaL1HllU: KO!~ 6C3KOl-lTaKTHOr HaLfHf-la KOMYHHKaUl--lja. npHMe~byjy ce MHKpoTanacHH npcAaJIIHLlH
KpaTKor ,J.OMe-ra (1,572), HI-Iq)p2tUPBCHH 3paUH H pa::\Ho BC3C. rIpHHLIHII
HH!IYKTHBllor llaym-Ia Boljel'h2t npYIKa3al-l je l-Ja cn. 7.13.
~~'laK~CI'~ULe
~~I - I
--.---.- ~ ~
\: .. (\.:11)1 lPCKU 1'.,.,L':t::\f ~- I 77
\~ I !( (~Q, ,,-,,' ';- ~'I ~~ r;;Ik~ I fl"H'''"'~' """'f' ~'l~
,/ \------- , ~~·',\I,lt.:hd
I \..)KHila~a 150bc]['c /
L 1 ':~tCKTp()\WrHcTH(J Ij{)Jb ..... ~
CmlKU 7.13. i1.1I0YI0l1l1GIIU !lU"/UlI GUljClbU
Y CK"lonv I10rOl-lCKor TOLfKa HCUl2t3C ce jCLlllocMepHH cepBo-MOTOPIJ 32t norOl-! H
32tKpCTal~e, npeHocHHUH H ClHTCI·Ja ca )..(Ba KaJ1CM3. [1PYlJ[HKOM Kpe-raH,a ABS
,QcTeKTyjc ce MarI-leTHO nOJbe nOMol1Y al-lTCHe, Koja ce Hema311 H3Ha[( Ka6Jla 33
Bofjel-be. CYIfl-laJI CC reHepl-lUle y cel-nopmvIa (IWJlCMl-l:lW) H npCIJOCH AO jC/'(HHHl(C 32t
ynpaBJbaI-be Boljel'beM BO'HJla. AKo CC YOLfH pa3JlHKa CHn-lana H3Meljy J1eBOr Yl
)..(ccHor KaJleMa, HH)lYKyje ce CHrHan KOjYl aKTHBl--lpa je,QHOCMCPI-lH CCPBO-MOTOP 3a
3aKpeTaJ-be, KaKO 6l-l cc B0311010 I1CnpaBHo10 H Ta'-!HO CJle)lHJlO nyrmby. MaKcHMClmH1
yrao 3aKpeTal-ba KOjH CC Mo/Ke nocTHnH KO,Q BO',Hml Koja cy npe)lBHljcHa 3a
KpeTatbe HanpC)l 1l<13a,Q H3HOCH 60..;-70°.
AYI7l0J11011IU'j()(WIIU IJIPWICI/OpmllU CIICIIIC.WU 167
BoIjCl-bC B03iL'la l{P03 paCl>:pCllm.\C nYTCBa
PeLUaBal'be np06ncMa Boljel'ba BO'll-lJIa KpO'3 pacKpCl-H1[~C MOfKC ce 0C'rBapr-1TH [fa f\Ba
lIaLllil-W: npe6aL(HBCll-beM J-Ianajalba nYTeBa, C,l. 7.14a, VI vI360POM cppeKBCl-lL(Hja, cn. 7.146. KOJ\ npBor HaYHHa, yrrpaBJbClcIKC jCJ\I--ll-l11ue cY llocraB:belle Y nO!lY 6J1!i3y
pacKpcHHUC H 1G1)..((\ B031--l)10 npd)e pecjJepCHTl-lY TallKY, ynpaBJbClLf!{il .ie)l'iHI--lI~a
YKsbylJyje HanajaJbC f"nC1BI-lC nyTal-bc. a l-ICK'bYL!yjc OCTanc llYTCBe 'lCl BoljcI·be.
08a1(3B MeTO)..( CC ,'vlaIbe KOPl-lCTH OD, :VleTOJ\a H360pa ll)peKBCIJL(Hja, a r:laBlJa MaHa
My je ~Ialba nOY,,QaHOCT H LUTO B03HJ10 'Vlopa nOTflYHo ;1(1 OCJ1060)lH pacKpc1H1UY, gEl
60 J\pyro Bo'mHO Morno J~a yljc y pacKpC1lHqy. 3a pa3JlHlCY 0)1 npBor MeTOf\a, KOjH
jc KOPYlCTHO ca:\'lO jeJ\HY cppeKBeHL(Hjy, KO)l I1pyre MeTOJ\e CC y paCKpCI-IHuaMCl
KopVlCTeTiYTeBYl pa'lJlvp-lHHIX cjJpCKBCI-lUHja, a B03Mno' no npenaCKY pccjlepeHTHe
TClYKe 3Ha TaLfI-lO, npeMa npOrpai'vly. KOjy QJpeKBCHL\Hjy Tpc6a )W C1",:,\I--l. CBaKa
paCKpCHI1L(a HiVIa HCKOJ1HKO KOI-lCTal-lTHHX qJpeKBeHuHja ;,()je oMorynyjy B03YiflY Lla
npOMCHH Tpacy.
H-mop Cn['Ha;'1U
(I)
0)
CmllW 7.1.:f. lIpUl/l/un zu60pa nyl1lo: 0) .ivtemOO npc6mjUGaIbCl, 6) Mel1lOc) u'Joopa
rjJpeKeemjuja
168 TpallCllOj!!1l1lU II npemOCapJla cpn!cnwu l/ ypehaju
llpe;IHOCT L(PYI'Of' MeTO,T(3 Bofjelh3 KpO) p3CKpClt!1l(e C3CTOjYl CC v je)1HOCTClSlJYljn1
ynpaBSbalbY CHCTeMO'VI. OS3j MeTO;! je jC(ilTMHHjYl 33 MHCT,U13W'Ijy H 0)1P)lG1BcllbC H
npHMelbyje fa Bel'Hi 6poj npoH3Bol),}Lw,
Y HCKHM cnycrajeBMMa lmje \IorY]1c KOPYlCTHTH HHJWKTHBIIO BofjC}be
nJIOye, qeBOBO,'lH",,) Ha ollpel)efJYlM ;1enOBHMa nyTa, 360r np06neNJa YCCI(cllbC'i no,Cra
HnH '360r CMaH,elba I1IfBeCTHL(MOHHX TpoulKoBa, Ha pacKpcI'IHuaMa ce
HI'lL\YKTHBHH Ka6noBH noCl npalHl1v1 )TnOM, )10K cc 3ClOKPCT BO';yUJa Y KPHBHllfl BplLHI
npofpaMcKH CJl060)1HH!VI BoljefbeNI B03,UCl nOMony CYlCTCMa "lcplIor TOLIKa KaKO je
Hanpe;1 Bcn IlaseJ,(el'IO,
CHCTeM
OSYI CHCTeMH Mory 6,rm OIlTWIKH H ca MeTaJfHOM TpaKO~f, cn, 7,15, nacHBIIH
CHCTC:V1l1 Boljel-ba cc npHMcl'byjy Y TeXHonOIllKHM CHCTeMHMa ca nOBOJblHlM
yeJlOBHMa - 11HCTHM CpeAWIaiVIa (nouITe, K,lHuenapHjcKYI YCJlOBYI, enelUpOHCIGl
HHllycrpYlja, ",)
C'IW(O 715, [JOClI!!JIli CUCJiWH (w/jelh(l ABB
TIYTCBH 3U Boi)el-be KOL\ OSHX CliCTeMa cY llajjecjJTl1ffYljH H 6p30 ee fIHCTaJIYlWY,
KOMYHHKat~Hja B03HJ1a ea l(el'rrpUmJYlM paYYHapoM cc BplllH npeKo pa,'1}10 Hntl
HwlJp3upBeHHx TanaC3,
MeroDa pecfHleKTyjyr1er KOHTpacTa nYTal-bC 3aCW1Ba ce Ha npeno3HaBaibY
peqlneK'fyjyl1er KompacT3 nyral-be (TpaKe), Koja KOPHCTH cBeTny KOHTpacTHY 60jy
y O)1!-lOCY Ha nO)1nory, KOjOM ce npervw3yje nOA y 06nHKY TpaKe, !-Ia B03HJlY ce
Hana3H YJlTpaJby6wlacTH H3BOP CBeTnOCTH, KOjH OCSeTJbaBa TpaKY, OJ~ Koje cc
O)J.6Hja CHon CBeTJlOCTH AO q)oTonemiieKor ceH3opa, rAe ee perncTpyje
peCpneKTyjyhH O)1cjaj, YKOJ1HKO B03Hno CKpeHe ca nYTal'bc, nOMony rpoToheJlHjc ce
reHepHwe CHrHaJ1, KOjH nOKpcne norOH 3aKpeTal-ba ynpaBJba4KOr TOLIKa H Bpalia
B03Hno Ha npuBy nYTarbY, MaHe OBUKBHX CHCTeM<l cy OCeTJbHBOCT Ha)
Aymo;l1wmrweCIlIIi IIIjJCII !CllOJ)J} III II ClIClrw,IU 169
Clil-lOHJeHTa;1HY CBeTJiOCT (CYWICBO CBCTJlO), Ile4Y1CTOhe H oIlJTehelbe TpaKe
(npCKHllH Mory OWf'Y1 lIO 150 iJl/l! , a AU ce BO,WIO lIe 3aYCT<1BH),
Ll,pyra i\leTOAa OrITHYKOr Eoljel'ba 3aCIlHBa ce lia CTYlivlY,1J-lcallOj e:lH!CflFl CBeTjjOCHe
CHeprHje, r,T(e nyreBH ('rpClKc) 1a BOfjCl-bC KOPYICTC CllflYOPOCUClr!'l1e C!eCTHI~c Y
TeC!llOj cyncraffL\H, K<lKO OH ce MOi'liC naKO, 11 y-rc 0 1 LfCTKC, IlaHOCHHI Ha lIor\-
1l0Moi'ly ynTpaJbYOllLJilCTOr Y!3Bopa cBeT;loCTll, KOIH ce HaJW1H HCl H03HJlY
CTHi\IYJHilllY CC cjJJ!yopocueHTlle 'leCTHUC, Koje eMHT)jy CBCTJlOCHY el-lcprHjy a l'bYlX
IlpHKyfL'ha fSraEa 1a cKeHHpmbe Koja Yll'v!a 06:ll1K 'lBOlIaCTC nOBpWl-IHe, Ka,;:ra ocna6H
nYTa" 3a Holjel'bC, ~'pe6a npe~"Z;'~]nl (ocBeKliTH) flOEl-1M cJ!oje,'vl XCl'v1l1jCKC
TCYHOCTI1 noc:wjche nYTeBe 3<1 ""tjClI,e, Kao H KO,TUie, (f)HHKe, llepllOl1 oe3
OCBe)!{ClbCl iI-lO)Ke )l(l TpaJC roAYlHY .l'HJa na H BllUle, a 1\(1 ce Boljclbe OJJBlija oe3
npo6neMiL
MeTaJ1He TpaKe OlI. Hepfjajylicr 'leJIHKCl, oTfloplle rIa aJllcaJIlIC pac'fBope, arCI'ICC 3a
YHIlJnCl-be HT~'1" nOCTaB!hajy ce Hi! 1l0BPllJHHY nOJ~a Hfll1 HcnOA llO,UHHX oonora,
Boljcl-be ce BplllH nOMohy J~CTeKTopa MCTana (Ccmopa), KOjH ce llamne lia BO'3I1ny,
1101YWflHe paAl-be Kao lUTO cy 3BYLJHO ornalUaBal-be, 3aYCTaBJbalbC B03WIa HT,T(, KOA
naCJ1BHOr Bol)el-ba, MO!'y ce OCTBapwm nOCTaBJ1,al-betvl 03HaKa O,U MaTepHJaJ1a 0)1
Llera je HanpaBJbeHa TpaKa 3a BoJjelbc nO)1npaBHM yrnoill y Ol(HOCY Ha nYTal-bY, OBe
nonpe4HO nOCTaBJbCHe TpaKe ;"Y)KHHe HeKOJlHKO CaHTI1MeTapa npH npon,\3y BO'lHJla
C1JopMl1pajy KOf" KOj.1 HOCH O)1f'OBapajyny ~iHq)OpMauHjy '3a ynpill3;baH,e BQ'lHJlOM
(HI1P, n03Hl~Hja BO'mna),
CJl060;lJ)IO BoljCHa B03Hna cy BO:JHna ca CHCTeMO,v! :let Eoljea,c KOJH He KOPHCTH
~KYlL\C WICTil:IYlCaHe y flOgy l'lJ1Yl TpaKe y nOAY, a KopHCTe CC y r)1e ce
BofjCI'be ca npelXOAHO l-Hll3eneHHM CHCTeMHMa He j\j()jKe np,il'vleHHTH (HepaBHe
ApBeHe n0)1J10re, MeTa:f1lH 06jCIG'H y rIOAY, npHCYCTBO jaKHx cneKTpOMarHeTHHX
nOJba",,), KOA OBHX CHCTeMa, B03HJla ce opjclrnJUlY Ha OCliOBY L1CcjHlmlcaHor
KoopAHHaTHor CHCTC1vla o6jeKTa Yl nOJ!()jl(aja pecpcpCHTHHX T<lLWI<fi, ;Vlpe)Ke nyreBa
3a BofjCl-be H yroBapHO-HCTOBapHHX CTaHHI~a, Y OBe CHCTeMe cnaAajy CHCTeMH
naccpCKor BofjeH,a, Bofjerbe nYTeM l\ICpHor T04Ka, HllcpuHjam-JO HaBHraUHOHH
CHCTeMH H CHCTeMH BH3Hje (npen03HaBar'bC cnHlZC),
OCHOBHa Ilpe,T(HOCT CHCTeMa Cn060l(HO BOl)CHHX B03HJla y O,LjHOCY Ha KnaCH4HC
HaL!HHe Bofjel-ba ce o!'neAa y 1l0TflYHOj rpneKcHGl1JIlIOCTH npH Yl3MCHaMa nYTal-be
Koje ce BpIlle y coqlTBepy 3a ynpaBJhal'be B03YlnOM a He Ha nYTeBHMa 3a Bol)erbe,
MCl)YTHi\1 l-bHXOBa npHMeHa je jOlll YBCK orpaHWleHa 360r BeJHiKe ueHe HJ111 jOlll
YBeK HCL\OBOJhHC ycaBpIlleHOCTH 3a npaKTHYHY npYlMeHY,
EYAYflHOCT Cn060)1HO BofjeHHX B03Hna je CBaK<lKO CHCTe,\1 BH3Hje, anH OCHOBHH
npo6neM npHMeHe OBaKBor HaL!HHa Eoryel-ba, flope)1 BI1COKe ueHe, je jow YBCK
170 TpaltCI70j)111llc/ II npemOGOpilLl Cpe()cIJI(Ju U ype!;aju
HcnocTojal"be OP3HX rpacjm cIKI1X npOl\CCOpa 3a al-lanI13Y CJ1YlKC OD.IIOCHO npOOJlCM
CjlYllKUYlOHYlCa!ba Y T:lB. Oll-lille pe)KHMY·
C'llIKa 7.16. Hal{w{t{ (w!;erba eo·m.w Kpm jJcICF:PClill1/Y
7.1.4 YnpaBJbaH",e aYfoMaTcKH BofjeHHM B03IUH1Ma
Yupas;ba'-lKI1 CI1CTe:VI ABB-a Tpeoa J.\a O:VlOcyl1yl pcam13at~Hjy HCKOflHKO (jlYHKuHja:
v!:lBpWaS<ltbe TparlC110pTHOr 3a,rraTKa CBaKor B0'3J.ma, KOOPJ.\I1W1L1,Hjy paJ.\u Mel)y
BO'mmnla H npal1el-be TOKOBCl lVlaTepljanCl y CYlCTCMY. BCJIW!I1Ha CHCTCMa, opoj
YTOBapHO-HCTOSapHYlX CT,UIHua 11 cnOlKeHOCT aKTHBHOCTH ABB-a 1'!c, P,13Y:VIJbI1BO,
YTYlwrrYl Ha nosel1albe C!1O>KCHOCTH ynpaBJbil'lKOr CYlcre:vra. Y npaBJbalbe CYlCTeMOM
ABB Ilaj clewI1e je opraHlBOBaHO Y TPy! HfIBoa: ynpaBJbalbe l103WIYlMa, ynpaBJbalbe
caoopa\1ajeM 11 ynpaBJhalbe CHCTe'>IOM ABB Kao L1,CJlHllOM.
Ha OBO:Vl lUillOY ce ynpaBJba: Bol)elbCM B03HJla OJ.\pel)CHOM nyral-boM, CKpCTaIbeM.
OP3YlHOM B03HJla, yop3al"beM, 3aYCTaBJbalheM, CnpelJaBmhe,,1 cYJ.\apa, IlOBe3YlBaJbeM
ca YTOBapHO-HCTOBapHHM cTmmqaMa H J.\pyroM onpeillOM 3a PYKOBaIhe
!YJaTepI1janOM. Y caBpeMeHHM ynpaBJbWIKI1M CHCTCMHMa ABB-a je npI1CYTHa
Tc)Kfua ga ce MaKCI1:VlaJlHO IlOBeha aYTOHoMHja B03Hna Y O.L\IlOCY Ha L1,eHTpaJIHH
ynpaBJba<lKH CHCTeM. KOMYHHKal\Hja ca HaJ.\pe~eHHM paYYHapOM ce MO)Ke
OCTBapHTI1 npeKO HHJ.\YKTI1BHI1X Ka0J10Ea, HH(jlpaupBeHHX 3paKa H paJ.\l1o Be3e, cn.
7.17.
AYI1IO~Ha/1IUJO(jaJIU nlj!wlcflopmllU cucme.w.! 171
o} 6) IJ)
Cnu::a 7.17. j,:O.HVr/w':Wjuje (;()]Zuta co !h/llY"UPO,H: a)
1IIIOYKIllU()J/U 1(06.'1. 6; lImjJpCll!p61'lIU :Jj)({l/U. (I) paGLIo ffeJCl
YnpaBJbatbe B03l1JIOM M(»Ke 6wfn pcanH3011aHo 1m IHlllJe HaYHHa, anH ce Mory
YOYHTH .L\Ba OCHOBHa npHJla3a: rIpBH npHJla'3 nle ce 3axTeBajy iJ.eTaJbHe B03He H
HaBH['aLl,HOHe I1HCTpYKuHje OJ.\ BHWYlX ynpaBJba'lKHX HHBoa J.\a 611 ce BO'3l1nO
KpeTano H3Me~y LIBe TalJKe H JwyrH npHJW, ['J.\e ca~1O BO'mJfO V nOTnYHOCTH HMa
,\loryhHocT HaBHrauHje H ynpaBJhal"ba conCTBeHYlM KpcTm~e:Vl ~3Me15Y ;:lBa
OJ.\peJ.\HUJTa oe3 .L\eTaJbHHX HHCTpYKuHja OJI Ha;:lpe~eHHx HHBoa ynpaBJbal-ba. Y
npBOM cHycrajy 3anaLl,H ce ABB-y '3a.L\ajy 11llCTpYKUHjaMa Koje onHcyjy KpeTmbe
B03HJIa O.L\ MeCT<l Ha KOMC ce TpeHyTHo H[Ua'3H J.\O npBor cnc,'J,eher :VICCTa Ha KOMe
ce ,rrOOHjajy HOEe HHCTPYKl\HjC. y.!llcTpYKLI,l1je MOl'V .L\el Ca;~p)Ke Llyn-aB HH3
HHCpOpMatwja lmo WTO cy: nOTpe611a pacrojalbCl, cppcKBellllYlje nYTCllb<l Koje B03HJlO
Tpe6a rra cneJ]H, npo:vrella 6P31111C Yl u\!epa B0311Jla, HTJ.\. Y ;J,pyroM 3<lJlaTClK
ce ""dje ASS"y ca IHlCTpYKLI,l1jaMa Koje onpeljyjy caMO Kpajlbe OJweJ.\Y1WTe ABB-a.
TIporpaM y B03HJ1Y, KOjH Ca!lP)Kl1 i~eT,UbHe HHCTpYKul1je '3a CBClKH cerMCHT nVTeBa
3a BollCfhe Oil KOjHX je CaCTaBJbelIa flY-farba. oMoryl1yje B03HflY ;J,Cl ce caMoc;amlo
Kpehc Oil je/IHor OrllJe))c"!ll1Ta HO l-ipyror. Y 06a CJlYCIClja, WI KpajlbcM Oixpc;murry,
ABB .L\06Hja HOBe 3a;.~aTKe HIIH Ce 3aYCTaBJba H l.JeKa ;J,aJbe 3aJ.\aTKe.
YnpaBJbmbe B031UIOM Ce 13pWH IIa OCIIOBY CHCTeM>l T>l'IaI(>l.
PecjlepcHTHe Ta'lKe npCLICTaBJbajy BaJKaH .L\eO CI1CTeMa ynpaBJ1"Uba ABB-a.
KopHCTe ce 3a HIJ,ell"rHcllHK3L\l1jy n(110)Kaj3 B03Hlla I1pH IMIXOBOj HaBHraLl,l1jH, 3a
03HClLIaBaI-be MeCTa fJ.\e BO:lHJla 'vwpajy J.\a KOMYHI1QHpajy ca ynpaBJbacrKI1M
je.L\HHHl\aMa Koje ce Ham13e y CHCTeMY 11 1a YIHHUHpaI-be aKTHBHOCTH B03Hna Kao
WTO cY npOMeHa 6p3HHe, npOMeHa CMepa, aY)],110-Blnyem-Ia Cl1rI-IanH3auHja, HT)],.
Pa30111Kyjy ce )],Ba OCHOBHa THIB pe¢epeHTHI1X TalfaKa: naCHBHH ypeljajH (nonpelfHe
)KHue, nepMaHeHTHH MarBeTH H MeTaJlHe nnOl.JHLI,e) KOjH ce KOPHCTH Ha cnopeJ.\HHM
nYTeBHMa H aKTHBHH KOJ.\HH ypefjajl1 (TpmlcnOHnepH). TpaHCflOHJ.\epH, Ce caCTojc
O.L\ aHTeHe H MHKpOl.JYlna. KaJ.\a B03l1nO npel)e npeKO HeKor OJ.\ OBHX ype!)aja, OHO fa
172 7jJaIlC170PI711W 1I IlpernOeL/pllO CpeOCl1liiC/ u ypebuju
MHKpOTanaCHYIM 3pm.\Y!Ma o.Jwe1jeliC cjJpCI<BellllY!je no6y f.\YI, npl1 'IC\IY ce CMH'fyjy
HHlllo.pMClL(!1je C,Ulp)KaHC y 'il1f1y. Bo.3HJJO Ilpo.CH1Ta C30jy lllYIHUHjy H yjC)J.l-Io.
PC3CPSl1WC )J.CO nyTa 113Mcl)y ilBC TacIKC, CrrpC'l<lBajyIlH L\pyr'ij Bo.'311Jla gil y
'laY,eTY 'lo.By. I1pCr(lIOCT TpaHcnOHD.cpa je lIlTo. ce Mory pcnpo.rpaMl1pZlTI1 PU.r.\11
l13Meile HHcpOpMaUl1ja Koje ca.'lp)KC.
bJ!OKlIpan,e CC1l3Dpn'vW CC Haj'lcILil1C KOP!1CTl1 3a cnpe'laBLlfbC cy;\apa 3U,I[;la.
3aCHflBa CC Ha npfHdCHI1 ceH30pa KOjH cy yrpalJcllH y B03l1f1a. 06H LIl-lO CC KUpv[CTe
y'lTpa3Bycll-ll1 l1 OflTl14KH cernopH y KUM6HllaUHjH COl MeXilllWIKHM 6pallHl(HMa, CfI.
7.l8. Ccmop Ira upClllbe'vl .r.\eJIY B03HJla BPWH ;:reTeKw:jy nyTa 'sa soljelbe. Ka;~a ce
penlcTpyje npl1cycf'BO ;wyror nn'll1Jla HJlvJ fleKO[' ofiieKTa. gO'HUlO cMafbyje
f.i 113CTClSJba ga ce Kpene cllopHje CBe JlOK MexaHWIKI'1 6pal-lllK 1-l3 B03Hny He
:(O!IHj)flt npcnpcKy. Y TOlll TpellyTKy norml B03U~la ce npeKH,o.<Lkl B03l1nO MHf!)
Do OT!(;IHILaJbY npenpeKe, Ha[(OH WlBeCHor BpCMCHa, norml CC nor-lOBO aKTH311pa H
B03vlno HaCTClBJb<1 ca KpeTal-beM.
C'IlIl<CI ". J 8'- OI7I!1U'II(U 11 J·le.'WIIU'IKU cellJopu
YupaBJha!hC cao6panajcM
Dpo6neM ynpaBJbaJb<1 H03W1HMa 6n rIojaBc KOHqJJlHKTHHX CIlTyaUHja, ca IlopacToM
opoja ABB-a y Cl1CTeMY, rIOCTaje cnmKeH np06fleM KOjll Tpe6a pewaBaTH y
peaJlHo.M BpeMeHy. TIope,o. Tura, B03HflHMa ca HOBHM 3HJ:(allHMa ce Mopa oMorynHTH
YKJbyy.HBaI-be y CHCTeM 6e3 yTHuaja I-Hi ;:rpyra B03HJW Koja CC y }beMY Beh HafJa3e.
GBe aKTHBHOCTH Kao H HH¢oplVJallHje KOjC ce O;IHoce Ha nyTHy Mpe)KY, Tpace H
TepMHHe B(»Kl-be CBHX B03una, Cll1He OCHOBY ynpaBJbal-ba ca06panajeIVJ y CHCTeMY
ABB-a. Y OCHOBl-le np06IleMe KOjH ce pelllaBajy Ha HHBOY ynpaBJbal-ba ca06pahajeM
cna;:rajy np06IleMU npOJlaeKa B03HJla Kp03 paCKpCHHUe, npo.6JleMH gBo.CMepl40r
ea06pailaja Ha nyreBHMa ca carvlO je;:rHOM ca06pahajHoM TpaKOM, H np06neMH KOjl1
AynloAIClnUI30IWIII_1 mpaJIC170pniliu cucme_ilU
CC OW-JOce l-la cnpecTilBalbe H WloeraB(lI-be ,3rVUlCl-b3 v Cl1CTC.vrv. YnpaB:baI-be
ca06pahaje:vr.ic Haj4elllhe 6a'3Y1paHo. I-j(1 CHcTe~ly 5~IOKllpa;ba ->Qua. -'
BellHH3 yrrpaBJb,FIIOIX ellCTeMa B0311n(l OC,131ba CC ]1(\ HeKY YD 'lCTi1pH ;\ICTO.'-(a
OflOKHpal-ba 30Ha:
6nOKl1p,HLe JlOIG1J11ll1M ynpilBJbi\LIKHM jC;HIlHIUai\la,
6JlOKHpar-Le uelrrpamlo.M YilpaBJbG14Ko.M je;JI111lJ[.\o.M,
6nOKHpar-hC ynpilBJbilLJIOIM jC;..\HI-lHuaMa BO'mJW !l
KOHrl1HYlnHOOIlOKHril~e.
1'1360p 3aBHCH OD, BeflYl4HHC Cl1CTCiI1a, 3aXTenClI-le ecimKi)('lj()CTH y ynparLloClI-bV
cil06pahajC:VI 11 UCT-le. Y Cl1CTeMY Ono.KHparb<l 30HaMil, nIl eBB cy rUXle:bef-lH
pe(j)CpeHT!-IHM T;_!"K~:v,a y 30BC. TacIKC ce nOCTilBJbajy y no.l\ y 6JlWll;:lH rryra 'lil
Bo1)CI-be. P,lC'rojalbe H3MelJy JIBe peej)epCHTHe TWIKC (cel-I30ra l1JIH KOMY1IHIGll(1101-1C
TilLIKC) je jClU-la 3011(\. Ka;.r,il B03HJlO IIp(1)e npcl(o PCCllCpCl-rnIC T,1'lI(C npOBcp,lBa CC
Da nf<l je OHO Yll1J10 HIlH H3allWO In 'lUliC. Y npaBo'bill-bC OJlOK!1flillbeM I\03BOJ1)ilBil
caMO jegHOM B03Hny Lra 6y ge y 'JOlll1. ;~OK je B03HJlO y 30Hl1. OHa je3ilY3eTa H flH
jC;JIIO ;:rpyro B03l1JlO HC MmKe J\Cl ylje. 30l-W MmKe gil ca,clp)Kl1 jC;:rHY l1JlH HeKOJHIKU
YTOBapl-lO-HCTOBapHHX CTaHHl\a. Spoj 30Ha 3aBl1C¥! 0.'1 .'-l)!)J(YliJe H 6P311l-IC BU3HJ1a,
3aXTeBar-JOr 6e36c,L\OHOCllOr PilcTojill-ba 113Mefjy BO,HJla f1 6pOjil paCKpCHHUa yl-lyTap
CHCTCMa. BellH 6poj :JOJ-la l1oBcl1aBa lieHY CHCTeM<l 6JIOKl1paI-ba, aJlI1 1l0nel1aBa Y!
nOKpeTJbHBo.CT B03HJl8 yIlyTap CHCTeMa, l-berOBY Cl}fleKCHOl1;llIOCT 11 npOTOK
MaTeplljana.
Ha OBo.M IHmoy ynpaB:bLlfbLl ce BflWH ynpaBJ1,[l!be L(eJll1M CflCTe,vlOM ASS H
KOMYHHlG1llHja ea T3B. rJlilSl-lli;Vl paLlyHaporvl KOjYl cn)'>Kl1 3a ynpaBJhal-bC TOKOB!1Ma
lvlaTepHjan<l. c:1.7_19.
17-1 TpallC170pmllCl 1I npellll)(Wpl!O epe()clJI(!(l u ypelyuju
CnilW 7.19. YnpaG.bwbe CUClneivlO.H ABE u eCla ell umJpe!yel{u.H pa<IYllapo,H
Y ynpaB;bar-bY CI1CTervro"r ABS cc pa3JfYIKYJY !-\Ba OCHOBflLl r:pK!1a3a, 1'3B
u c rnpam13oBaHO 11 .JClJ,CH1'pa!1l130BaHO ynpaB;baIbe.
yupaBJb:l'ilOl CHCTe~1 ooje.JHH,yjc "ynpaBJhaH,C CHCTC"IOM" Yl
'"ynpaBJbalhe caoopanaje,'vl" y jC):(afl UellTPaJ1iIYl Lieo l<ojH YllpaBJMl UC!IOKyllHH,,~ CHCTe.vIOM ABB-a, CJ1.7.20. OBe [(Be cjlYHKlJ,Ylje ce 'dory OCTBapHBaTH Ha jC[(IIOj HJlH
Ha O::(BOjC1Hl'v1 ynpilBJbilvlKHM jeD}HlHW1Ma UJTO 3aBllCH Oil BcnWIHHC ABB CHCTCMil.
Y OKBl1py "ynpaBJhal'ba CHCTCMOM" 06YXBarlCHa jc H KOMYlll1Km~Hja COl B03W1!1Ma.
KOMYHYlKaUl1ja jc KOHTHHy,uHlOl TOKOM Bpe\1eHa l1 06WlHO ce ocmapyje pa)),YlO Be30"v1.
TOK YlHCPOpMalJ,Hja y lJ,CHTpa.J1Yl30BaHOM Cl1CTeMY .ie CJJe)lenH: rIa IlYlBOY ynpaBjbil~bil CliCTeMOM ce KpeHpajy 3aXTeBH 3a Tpaf-1CnOpTOM MilTepYlj,UIa KOjYl CC HcnOCTilBJbiljy
CliCTeMY 3a PYKOBaJbC MaTepHjaflOM. 3aXTeBYl ce npOCJlel)yjy )),0 lJ,eHTpaJlHe
Yl1paBJhil vlKC jCAHHHL\e Y KOjOj ce, H36opOM B03Hnil H Tpace KOjOM BO'3HJlO Tpe6a Aa
ce Kpcne, ¢OpMl1pa TpaHcnopnm '3a)),aTaK KOjH ce 3aTliM ,L.\O,L.\CJbyje B03HJJHMa.
DpeKO lJ,CHTpaI!HC ynpaBJbaLJKC jC)),HHHlJ,C ce 00e30efjyje KOMYHHKillJ,Hja !1 npaTe
n0J10:>KajH CBHX B03lifla y CHCTC:l.1Y. To je, yje)1HO, 11 l\CH'rpa~HO MCCTO 3a -npHjcM
ImqJOpMalJ,l1ja OA OCTaJ1HX eneMeHaTa onpeMc CHC1'e!l1a 3a PYKoBaJ-be rvIaTCplijaJJOM
(TpaHCl10pTepa, p060Ta, YToBapHO-I1CTOBapHHx CTaHHlJ,il, HT)),.) Ha 0Cl-10BY KOjHX ce
AYJ1l0NfUI7IU':JO()07IU J1IPOIICilOj)}}IIIU cZ/cme.HU 175
npaTC 1'OKOBH MaTepHjaJla Y Cv!CTCtvlY. Y aeny 3a ynpaBJbal-be ca06pafiajeM je
ca))'p}Kal-I KO"vlfL1CTal! onHC :l1PC}KC nYTCBa 3a BO!JcI'be Ha OCHOEY Kora ce, y"
Il03HaBaIbe TCKyllVlx n03HL]Ylja CBalmr ABB-a, BpUIH li360p Tpaca H pcrynaIjHja
ca06pafuja.
YlwOlBJ.biUbC I I " 1 ,- L -
caoopal)aJCM
t YrrpaB.1baaC
B03:ELJ]}J1,la
C:zw;a 7.]0. b~/()J.; we.HU IjCllJllPCUlU':J0601l()? ynpue/bwbo
rIPCj:\I-IOCTH:
CBa B03Hna H aKTYlBHOCTYI yHyTap CYlC1'CMa je. 'laXBacbyjytili KOllTlHlyam-lOj
j(OMYHHK'll~HjH, Moryne npaTl-lTl-l y peaJlHOM BpeMellY,
H3;1·jeHe y ynpaBJbaLJKOM clicTeMY ce J1aKUIe pCa~ll-i3yjy jep cc KOpv!CTli ca~-1O
jC))'}Ja ynpaBJbacIKa jC;:(YlHHua 3a pcrynaliMjy caoopanaja: nope;l l!JfBMLJKOI'
MelbaJha ,vIPC)KC nyreBa -la Bofjel-bC y clicTe;vl;', Tpe6a jetXliHO YrlBpUll-lTH
penporpaMlipalbc Manc nyrcBa Cal\P)l(ilHC Y ynpaBJbaLJKOJ jCgHlHIL\li
cao6pabaja.
i\lory ce !1]-fCranHCaTYI C!lmKelfe Mpe}Ke IlYTcBa 3<l BoI5el-be.
6poj B03Hna Y CliCTCMY je OrpaHJ.1LJCH yCJ1cJ~ KOl-lCTaHTHe KOMYHYlKCllJ,Hje
l-l3MelJy B03Hna 11 L\eHTpafIl-le ynpaBJbaLJKe je):!HHHlJ,e. Orpal-Il1LJeroe jc
YCJJOBJbeHO 6P3HHOM KOMYI-lliKaUJ1je H MoryliHIVl 6pojeM paCnOJJ())KHBHX
KOMYHHKalJ,HOHHX KaHana,
l\el'lTpamia ynpaBJbaLJKa je)),l-ll-IHl\a y BcnHKHM ABB CliCTeMHMa y
xapLlBepCKOM cMHcny !I1opa )),a oy)),e Bpno "C!-la)KHa". OBa jellHHHlJ,a Mopa Lla
6JlarOBpCIVleHO 3>KypJ.1pOl CBC nOAaTKC BC3a!-lC 3a CHCTCM PYKOBaJHl
MaTepHjaJlOM, Mopa Lla KOMyHI1lJ,l-lpa ca ABB-Ma H )),a ca.rrP)KH KOMnJleTHY
Mpe)KY nYTeBa 3a Bofjeroe.
176 7jJwlcnopnmo l/ nperIlO(iOj!lIC/ cpcr)cl1Wa u ypeJ)aju
)J,CU,CllTp<LnnOS<ll! ynpaSJ],3'lKH CllCTe:>l Cil[(P)KH HCTe HHBoe ynpilBJbillbLl KilO H
ue!-rrpam130BClH CHCTeiYI lUIH cy OHH iJpyral1Hje l1Irrerpl1CaHI1 y ynpClBJbCll1Ky
UCJHlHy. Y iJeuelnpalll130BaHO:VI YllpaBJbClLIKO."l CHCTeMY, IlOpe11 UeI-rrpaIlllC,
[JocrojVI VI q'lTaB mLl JlOKaJlllHX YllpaBJbalJK'lX jeWlli~jl\a. L(CIlTpamIa ynpaBcbi\LIIW
je/J,>JlllJuaje O)"(l°OBOpIIa ';a KOOPLlHHCll\Yljy paDa flOKClJlHHX ynpaB~1"'L!Kl1xjC[(H1HiUa ;.!
rn06aJllI0 ynpaBJbill-be CI1CTCi\IOM ABB-a, DOK cy cllYHKul1jc ynpaBJbCllba
ca06pai1ajelVl npeHeTe l-la JlOK,UIHC ynpaBJ1,aLw:e u'cIUpaJllJa H nOKaIllle
ynpaBJbaLIKe jeJ(}'11IHUC cc HaJ1a'le H3BaII B03HJla. CBe JlOK,Lnlle je/lHHHl1e cy
MclJyco6Ho rlOBe3aHe, nope):( Tora, flOBe,alle cy ca UCH'rpC1J1HOM yrrpaBJb2 L Ii;:·J;\!
[ ;'~10 Yi Cel CBO,\1 OCT~UlO"d ::qmqlepHoM onpc:vJo"v!, CJL 7 .21.
V!lp.ll;JbJll," I ']0 HJ~'{3
I (KOMYHllKitl1Il0Ha I , lIeT.'bit)
ynpJEJbdJIJt.:
~:::O}Ul;'la
(KO:;;otYH1IK.lqUOHJ
rrcrrbJ.)
),'npdHJbJJl..c II
'::OH3.:>1a .
l KO]\"1Y HlIKJqnona
TIc-TtLJ")
CJIlI7W 7. 2 1. Ej/Of( Wi".l1U De W'III17J)(UlliJOCCllIO? vnjJUlifl,C/JbCl
CBaKa 0)), JlOKaJll!flX ynpaBJbaLIKHx jC)H!-lHUa H:vJa csojy ~!any ccrMeHTa nYTeBa 3a
BofjeI-be Ba OCI-lOBY KOjc ce yrrpaBjba B03HJlHMCl y TOM cerMcl-rry. KO"vIYHHKatJHja
H3Mefjy B03HJW H JlOKaJll-IHX ynpaBJbCll1KHX jC;1HHHWI Ce, llajLleUlhe, OD,BHja llpeKO
Hl-l):(yKTHBIlHX KOMYHHKaI.1HOIIYlX neTJbH H npCKO nOCe6HYlX }KHua Koje Te neTfhe
110Be3yjy ca JlOKanHHM jeD,HHHUaMl1. ITCTJbe ce 1l0CTaBJb<ljy y noD, na OD,peljeHa
MeCTa D,y}]( nyTesa 3a BoIJel-be na jc 3601' Tora KOI-lCTaHTI-Ja KOMY1IHKaUHja H3Mel)y
B03HJ1a H JlOKanHHX ynpaBJbHl1KHX je)J,HHHua HCMoryna. l!!HCllopMHUHje 0 nOJlo}](ajy
ABB-a HHCY caCBHM npeUH'3HC jep JlOKaJlHa jeJLHHHUH je!JI1HO "3lda" D,a je B03HJlO
JIOUHPHHO HerD,e H3Mefjy D,Be KOMYI-lHKClUHOHC Ta4Ke, YnpaBJbal1Ka jeD,Hlmua Ha
B03HJ1Y 06WIHO CaAp)KH '3amiC BpeMeHa 3a Koje ABB nYTyje 113MeJ)y ;1Be
KOMYHHKaUl10HC Ta4Ke, AKo BpeMe nYToBafba 113Metjy D,Be Ta4Ke npeKOpCl411
OLJeKI1BClHO BpeMe, uCtlTpanrla ynpUBJbaLllzajCD,HHl1ua 3aycTaBJbCl ABB H H3BelllTaBa
AYlJlOMUltlU']O(!UNU JllPWICI10pmlIU CUC17Ze.HU
CHCTC:vJ onep,rrcpa 0 nOCl'ojalbY np06J1CMil. CCKIJ,Hja IlyTU 3a 1301JeH,e 6uf'le
DJloKHpa!-la, a cao6pallaj ce llehe YOlepaB:1TH Kp03 IbY ,'LOK ce IIpo6nCM He OTICIOHfL
TOK Ylllq)Op,',.1ClIJ,Hja IlpH PC,.ulH3:lL(kljli TPaJ-ICllOPTIIOI' 3il;l,aTKa 6f10 iSH cle:rehH: llO
IlpHje:v!y Tpallcr!olJTl[OI' '3a.'\TCBa 0):( IJa)}pd)el-lor HHBOi:l, UCtrrpalllla ynpaB"-bCt'IKa
je!-\Y1HHua oLUlyLlyjC KOjC'VI 11c BO')YU1Y ,QOfJeJIHTH 3a;laraK. Yil-!cj)OP\,ltluHja ce IlJilJ'be;10
Jl()K;:L~He ynpaBJLl1LIKe je;\HHHUe Koja ynpaBJhil ceKuHjo,\1 nyra 'la l~ol)efbe lODe cc
BO'lHno Wl:la3H. BO'llUIO J}06Hja 3ai-lilTilK o,U nOK,UIIIC Je):(HiiYiUe IIpeKO
KOMYHHKilqHOHe nero-be. j1oKCl;lHa je;Uil!lllHI npaTH ABB CBe l\O TpellyTKu H3;laCKa
H'3 CeKL\HJc KO)OM YlipaBJLa. CBe ynlcllopMClllHje ce 'laTWvl lUaJbY !-lape){Hoj JIOK,UlIlOj
ynpaB)~,aLIKoJ jC;JH!-lIlUH. OmlcaHa npoueJ\ypa cc nOHaBJbU ~IOK B03HJlO He CTHrF-lC
,}O CHor OD,PC.L(!:!W: c'. KaAel ce 06aBemra;)vl u.C1I'rpacl!-lCl ynpaBJbaLIKa jC;::(HfHIIJa 0
KOIJaLII.lOM 3aBplllCTKY TpallCllopTHOf 3il):lilTKa KapancpHCTHKC y O;lHOCY
Ba qCHTpaJlH30Bal-lO ynpaBJbaIbC cy:
ITPCD,llOCTI1 :
CBUKY CCKUHjy nYTeBil 1a Boljclbe je TOKOM HHCTClJlaUHje MOf'yhe nOCTilBHTH
11 TeCT!:!pUnl no ql(l'3aMa H TO npe nOBe3HBmba JlOKaJll-lHX ca UeHTpaJlliOM
ynpaBJbClLIKOM jC1U1H!:!1l0IVL CJI())KCHC q)a3e je ,vlOryoc nO)JeJIHTH y
onepall!:! jc,
,10KanHe ynpaBJbilCIKe jeI\Hl!Hue OJlaKwaBajy H3MCIle y C!:!CTCMY; H3MCHe ce
Bpille caMO Ita jeWlOj ) l() KaJHI oj YllpaBJbaYj(oj JCI\HliY1UH, HJIH ce
JC;l,HOCTaBl-lO JlO.na HOBa jeL1HHHua; 3a BpCMe npOMCHa, CHCTCYI HJl!:! JLCO
CHCTeMa \10/1((0 HeCMeTaHO ,'til pa;J,H.
ynpaBJhalbe cao6pahajevl je HC3:tBHCHO Ofl LLellTpaJil-le YIlpaBJba'1Ke
J(OD)1I-lYIue YI y nOTrIYl-lOCTH je nO,1p}K3HO lla IHiBOY JIOK3JJlll'lX ynpallJhaLIKHX
JCJ~!:!!-lHW1; CHCTe\l ca acneKTa ca06pal1aja oCTaje napI~l1jaJlJio onepaTHB:lll
LWK H Ka,Q<l uewrpaJuw ynpaBJhClLIKa jeL\HHHUa OTKil}](C; nope;l TOI~a, JlOKHJll-le
ynpaBJb<1LIKe jeI\ylHHue Mory peUJGlBaTH npo6neMC CTBopeHC HGl ]-{}l)KCM
HHBOY, 4I1Het'IH BpelVle Oi'l'3l1Bl1 H BpeNle oopaD,e ,\'iIlOrO 6P>KH.YI,
Mory ce KOPHCTHTI1 Mll!bH ueflTpaJIHH pallyHapH jcp ce MHore O!:(J1yKe y CHCTCMY }J,mloce y JlOKaJJlIHM ynpaBJbUlJKHM jeD,HHHuaMa: UCH'l'paJ1lIU
ynpaBJb<ll1Ka jeflHIIHl\a j e,IJ,HI 10 OlI,peljyje Kpajlba o'!'(pe/J,HUlTa ABB-a,
M()}Ke ce ecjll:!KaCHO ynpaBJbaTH Bc11l1M 6pojeM B03HJla.
HeD,OCTallH:
HHAYKTHBHe neTJhe, npCKO KOjHX CC OD,BHja KOMYHHKauHja H3Metjy B03Hfla
H J10KaJlHHX ynpaBJba4KHX jeD,HIlHua, 3axTcBajy DOLlaTHO ceLfCI'be nO.L(a H
nonarafbC }](l1ua UlTO 6HTflO nOBena13a ueHY CHCTeMU,
B03HJlCl ca JlOKaJlHHM Yl1paBJ'baLfKHM jeDHHHL(aMa KOMYHHUHpajy jeD,Hl-!O Ha
OD,peljcHHM TCl4KaMCl, na je rbHXOBa Ta'lHa JlOKauHja Hen03HaTa.
178 7jJCIIlCI1()fll11l1C1 1I npernO(JOpJlo Cpe()cI7/{)Cl li ypeljaju
npYL1HKO'vI O,Qpel)HBal~La ynpaBJbaLII(Or CHCTCMa ABB-a, Mopa CC BO,QI1TYl patlylJa 0
TOKOBI1Ma M3TcpHjaml H TpaflcnopnlWvl pacTojalbYl'vJa. OOWIllO cy
!~el~CHTp,UlYI30BalHl CflCTCMfl 005bl'l Y anmlKallYljaIVla ca Hl~lTCH3HB!~Ifl'YI TOKOBfl:vJa
M3TcpfljaJla Ha KpaTKflM Tpm'iCll()pT!l~M paCTojalbflMa, y Kojwvla nocfojH Bcl'm opoj
1303H:ra H r;lc cy KOMnncKcHHjc MPC)KC nyrcBa. qcwrpa:lH30B<1IH1 ynpa13JbaYKY!
clKTeMH cy 60oDY! y arUIYlIGIL1llja1Vlil ca nY:;KHM allYl je)li~IOCTaBHY!M paCllopen01Vl
nYTeS,l, MUJ"il1M 6poje:V1 B03Y1nll, l''J,e CC 3aXTCBa ynpallJbalbe y PCUJliIOM llPCNH:HY H
rile cy YCCTC npOMCHe y KPCTUlbY MClI"CpHja:IU.
7.2 MaUHnYJHlTOpH II p060TH
7.2.3 AeqnuuH.mja H
p r Ooonl H i'vlaHHnynaTopH npc.ucT(lIlJbajy ecjlcKTYlBlIa Cpc.uCTBa flIcxaHH3aUHjC H
aYToMannal]Hje TOK013a MaTepHjana, oMoryha13ajyhH BYlCOK CTcnCII
lpnCKCHOI1Jll-iOCTYI (npHnaroJ\JbHBoCTH). HajcCpl1KacHHja jc npYlMCHil lvWHl1nYJIClTOpa
YI poooTa 1·la oncpaUujaMa npeT013apa M<rrepYljana l-I3 'CK~a.'l,YlWTa lla TpLlflcnopTepe,
ca TpLlHcnopTepa HCl TpaHCflopTCP YlnYl ayroMClTcKa KOnYIl]a, naKOBLllba KO,YI3,J,Hor
TepCTa y cneUl1janHY aiv10aJlmKY HTJJ,. Flor) nojAiO.l1 111{/7IlIl1Y.WI7IOjJ{f ce )NW/(JJIOM
noopwYllecCljy ype/laju 7;Oju o,wJzynyjy lIcnYlbWWlbe rjJYIIl{llujCl Koje cy W{(UlO?Tle
KpelJlWbY PYKe 'lO()eKC/ npu IlpeMeUllJWlbjl me.w y npoclllo]JY. no I~IaYYlHy ynpaBJbaJba y OCH013H ce pa',mll,yjy MaIll-!IlynaTopH ca PY'IHHM, HHTqXIKTYl13I~IHM H
3y:0~IaTcI(HM ynpaBJ1)al~bevl. AKO cc YI~Ia y BH;:(Y ilcqHIHYlUYlja HH!..(yc-rpHjcKllx
POOOT3 npeMil RIA (Rohotic Industries Association): "l1l1()ycrnplrjc/,~U POUOIll
(!l/WerjJ.J'illdjUOliUJIlIU IHCII/WIV:IWi/0j! }{ojll ce ItW:JICe penjJIJZplLHUjilll11U U lWjU
llUlleli)eJ{ ()([ I1CHlepa P(f()lll/ .V/(fllJeplIjw{, npe()Aleme, aWIII II CneIll/jamle .l'jJ("ijuje II({
p:rille "JClcJ(fme llCl1Ilme y '11 U/b1 , l/,(ipl.U(!emb({ PU'5JlNlIIl1UX "](f()wnaKu".
KnacHCpHKaL\Hja MaHHnYJWTOpa cc Mo/Ke npHKa1aTYI Kao Ha CJI. 7.22.
!lVIAHIII1Y:lATOPII I
l PYLlHO ynpaBJhllHII I MaHliIlymnopH
I AyroMaTcKJI ynpaBJb<lHII I MaIlHnYJl3TOpll
I I l P)~IHO 1 HHTepaKTHBHo I ivIaHlmy.naTopIl ca II I1porpaM<lGHJlHH
(,IjaJbHHCKH HenpOMtHJbHBHM nporpaMoM -', MamillYJl3TOPU ynpaBJb3Hll) (pOEOTJ.f)
C'llIKa 7. 22. /{;WCU(jJUKCllfuja klClltlllly-'lamopa
AVI7IO.'llClI71U]()(WI{1! !1ipUlICnoplllllU cucme.11U 179
Ha cn. 7.23 cy .uaTYI ilpHMepfi MClfIYlflYJlaTOpa !(Oj~i cc KOPHCTC 3a npcToBap repcTa.
MaHYInYolaTopH 'vIOI'Y 6HTH CTaL\YlOHapHH HJlH yrpaljcl-!YI lIa rroKpcTI'W EonHqa HJiH
ABB YHMe i1M cc nOBei1<lSa MilHeBapo::YI rrpoCTop.
3a pa1JlHKY 0;\ Heme/lelle :JCctlHHHwlje p060Ta M(»KC cc KpeHyTH on JC.QIIe
nOIly;IilpHHjc JJccIHIHYlLu1jc, npcMu KOjOj je p060T "aym()~HmlIU5(){!m! ypebaj gOjll
OUCl6JbU rjJVIIK1!lIje Koje ce OOU'IJ[() lI[!lIl1l1CVjy I[()(-;("J()I"- Ha3H13 jc W3BC;\eH H3 'leWKC
pCLIH "poo01'a" (.npaMCl K. LlailcKa) Koja 03HClLIaBil IIprlCI1JHIYi pa;J.. YOOWIajclIa
13YI3Y1ja ayTopa HaYLIHe lpam(lCTHKe .ic )lCl cy p060Tl1 MexallWIKll c:mpUlcllH H
noce~lyjy H3Y3CTllY HHTcnHrcllUv0Y. "\llexaHwlKa Ca13pIUeHOcT" H "Ge"1fiKa
HHTeJIHrelllJHja" nocrajy rnilBHC oJlpe:U'lliue 3(1 nojaivI p060Ta.
KaKo Ha OCHOBY npCTXO)~HOr p06UrH npe.L(CTLlBJbajy ay rO,ylC1TH30BaI-lC
iWlllHnynuTopc KOjY! CC ivIory penporpawlDClTH y ilafbcM TCKCTY lie cc pa:3MaTpaTH rIpoOne,\laTI1Ka pooo-ra Kao lIajKol;llIJ1eKclmjer MatlHnyJIaTOpa.
C.'IUKO 7.2 3~ FlpemOIJapl1U .lWIIlIl1Y.!iClJ710pU
ISO 7J)(Il!cl1opmllU II npClIIO{WjJ1W CpeOCl1Iea II ype!;aju
7.2.2 BpCTe poooTa
YiH):(YCTPl1jC!(C P060TC ,QCJ![!MO Y rpyl 1'CllcpaUYljc Hd OCllOBY TOI'a Y KOjOj "ICPy! cy
H3pmKCHe rJlaSHC O,QpC2U!YlUC p060Ta: ymmcp3a:WOel' KpCT<llMI vi aYTOHOMllOCT
y pai~Y UlTO cy Cf1flOIlYIMH 3a ilanpC~l IJaBCL\C1IY "YICXalll1<![(Y caBplUCIIOC'(' 11
"SeJIlll(y l1IrrC;IHrcHllHiy". rIPll TOMe Tpe6a HiWITl! y Bl1fW ria HHllYCTP!1jCKH
aYTOMaTH InBpUIaBajv 'la,QClTCl ImCT,Uba, TClKO UITO ce nOJ(pcTal'bc H 3ayCl'aBo'b,UbC
06C30el)yjy flpeKH~;Lal!l1Cl H:I~ MeXill!yl4KWvl rpal!WllHlUHMa, ifa om! !Ie
pOGOT<e jcp Il<e pClJpOrpaMHpalb,L
P060TH W' . e1' pRC renCpall;llje cy y cralbY L.((1 ayroMaTcKH nmlaB!baJY nOKp .
3anpaBO, HC paW1 ce 0 CiLV;O' <.mpeljCHOM nOKpeTY, Bei) 0 !IPOH'lBOjbHu:"
nOKpeTy ce P060T1' 3a,'\ajc npO;'p:'hlCKI1 'sa pa3nHKY 0,':( ayTOi\la-Ja. HOBI1
'3a):(ClTilK nOJWcl3Yi'vlCB3 HOBI1 nporpaM, Tl1MC ce HCL\PIUbyjC :VlOryllHocT
KOMYIIHKat~Hje ca P060TOM, a l-berosa caMocTanHocT CC ornc,':(Cl y npeL\H:ll!OM
aYTOMilTCKOM nOlIaBJbmbY 3aX(ilTOr KpCTalba. P060TH npse rC!lep3L\Hjc npY)lwjy
npHnWIHe MoryhHOCTYI 3a H3BPllICl-bC IxnJlH4HTUX llpaKTH LllH1X '3a)J"rraKa.
MC):(YTYIM. 6e3 063Hpa Hi! lb].lXOB aYTOMaTCKH pa)l, IbHXOBa caMOCTiUIHOCT jc l1ftaK
orpmlH Llella. Ha npHMep aKO CC nOCiYJa'rpa p060T KOjH npeMeIIlTGI npe.J,:vwre ca
Tpal!CnOpTHC TpaKe H CT<lS;ba HX Il<l npe):(lH11)CllCl MeCTCI OB he Taj nocao 06aBJb,rrH
ycneUlHo CBe LIOI( cy npe!(,vICTI1 Koje Y:HIMa lIa TallllO O)WefjClHIM MeCTYI:vra H ;l.OK cY
MeCTa Ha Koja ce npCr(MeTH OJljIa)KV npa3HCl. wr;(. CBaKH flope:Vlc11aj pal(HllX 1'cnoBa
OHC\lor1'nHne )J,a p060T 113BpUIH '3~rw~'aK, Ha npHMep aKO npe):(l\]CT KOjH cc XB,rm
HHJC nocTaBJbeH nil npc):(BH1)cHo MCCTO caCBHM npc1U13Ho, HJlH aKO ce y pa!'(llOM
llpOCTOpy nojaBH npcnpcKa. j.(a ovr cc p060T Momo CI i[L.'ra311TH y TaKilHM
llcnpcJ.(BvrljellYIM CflTyaUHjaMa l' pa,QHoM llPOCTOpy, Oll Ylopa OIITH onpervlJLelI
LlyjjHMa-ceH~lOpYlMil. [1o[',1011y j'bHX fle ):(oOl1jaT}1 YlJl(POpM<lUHje H YlClIHTHBani
YCJlOBC y pa;mofvl npocrop1' npYl LJC),I1' Mopa UM[HI1 npofpa~IHpalle nocTynKe
nOliCllUalHl, O.QilOCIIO ClliUlaJKClbCl Y liOjc;UlIlHM '!'i\l«) L(OJl,rlI1MO '10
po60Ta )~pyre rCHcpm.(Hjc. .
)Ja OH ce OCTBapl1J1a o.Ql'Osapaj1'ha KOMYllHKaUHia ca POOOTOM, OJ! Mopa 6WrH
OllpCtvlJbeH ca 'lynHMil, O.QlIOCHO ,QClBa4Yl[',Ja HmpOpMaL\Ylja YlJH! CCH30pHMa. gaBaLlc
Hm[JO,pMaUHja cpeljeMo jow KO.Q p060Ta npBC rcuepaUHje. To ey ypcl)ajH KOjH Ylcpe
H .QaJY 11llclJOpMaL\Hje 0 Mel)yc06HoM nOJl())Kajy 11 6p'3HHH nOKpCTHI1X ):(enOBa
p060TCl. TaKo .ie p060T j(OoHjao HI-lCpOpMaL\Hje 0 CBOM nOJlOlf<ajy }j TC ;1aBa1.JC
H33HB3MO YHYTpaWl'bI1M. P060TH .Qpyrc reHepaL\Hje Mopajy ,QooHjanl H
vlHcpoplvlauHje 0 npOcTopy H crsapHMa Koje HX OKP),)Kyjy" 3a TO cJ]y}!(e ):(aBa411
TaK03BaHHX CnOJbaUHbHX HHqJOpMaUHja. Hnp. XBaT3JbKa \ p060TCl ce mpa1)1'je
06l1'1HO y 06J1HKY KJleWTa, O.QHOCHO XBaTaJbKe ca .QBa npCTa. Ha YHYTpaullboj
CTp3HH XBaTaJbKe MOI-Y ce nOCTClBHTH ,QaBaLIH KOjH l'1e perHCTpOBClTI1 ,':(OL\HP ea
npe):(MCTOM KOjH ee XBaTa LlHMe POOOT .QooHja HHCpOpMaI.U1jy ,Qa J1H je YXBaTHo
AY17l0Jl1WrlU]OGOlI1i 17ljJOIIC110pnlllU Clicme.HlI 181
npe,1i\leT HJIH jc XB<lTiUl,Ka CTlICHYJla "y npil'511o". CJlO}KelIHjYl ;WBilY y]3:-"lepHO OK
cHny Kojm,1 XBaTaJbKa CTHCKil n pe):(:vl CT. CeH30pfl LlO):(Hpa Mory CC rrOCTamlTI1 H Ha
CIlO:baUlfbe crpalie XSClTa;r.,Ke :w 6H penlC'rpOBanH .'lO!ll1P ca cBellTya.;lllO';"l
rrpenpeKOM.
VlmKe ce pel1H WI .Je y O)J,pel)CHl:li'1 Cl:lTyaUl1J,tv1H nOHHUlaH,C poiSOTa !l.pyre
refrepaUHJC ,}OlleKJIC cnHelHO nOlHllUClIl,y cncnor 'IOllCKa. 011 He MO)Ke OC,'ylO'rpWrH
CIrryat~liJY, llOHCTH OLVI1'KC, na Tel( OHj:((l npUCTYI1HTH "PCTalbY, Bel1 Or!
HHCpOp,;"wuHje npfil(1'l1JbCl yl1ope;~o ca KpeTaibeM H OL\:Ylax f,(OllOCl1 OjJ)I)'Ke.
P060TH Tpene renepaf.\Hje cnOCOOH].1 C)' ;ta npoccc npl'IKYWbaH,Cl
HI I \:D<;J pM illJ,Hj a H D,OllOWelb<1 OL\JlYKe 0):( KaC!IHjer KpeTatbl1 KOjHM. ce OJ!.,1YKC
LilPOBO,1e. l-la npHMep aKO cy ):(CJIOBH pacyni no nO!,I)103H POOOT TPCflC rCHCpaL\l1jc
rIoer." .:1 Hll cne.uen,: Ha4HH; l"i,.;:.'pa CIIHMa nO~\ClOry. a p,l'lYHap
BPWI1 aI-liUnny CJll1KC H 'laKJbY<lyje rAc ee IIaJlCl'3e ,':(eJ10BH Koje Tpe6a 110IC,nI1TH VI
KaKO ey 0PHjcl·ITHcaHH. rIocJle Tora YTBpfjyje pe,'lOCneJl CKYI1Jb<llba KOjH oMoryl1aBCl
Haj6piKe H3BpWccbC. AKo cy, Mel)YTHM, i}C;lOBH p,nJlWIHTYI, a 6HTaH jc pc):(ocJle):(
cKYfln,arba, OH,Qi:l he paLlYI-tap npl1 a!1<l;1113H C!lYlKC npenO'lllaTH CBah:H OLI. 06m1Ka.
HaKoll OBor npHjcivta H ClH<lJlYl'lC pOGOT KPCI1C Ha H3Bpwel'be 'la/jaTKa -ri. caK1'nJbmbe
,'lenOlla no Oilrollapajyl1eM pe,':(oc;lellY.
rCOMCTpHja H KHHe;\1aTHK(l
qJYHKUHOI1HCa!be pOOOTa H
lor 3Haqaja 3a ecjJHKaCllO
KOMJlJleKcilY H CIIO)KeflY
np06neMaTHKY CCl TCOPl1jCKO - KOHCTPYKUHoHor CTallOBHUJTa. OBi}C l1e ce YKa'lClTH
_____ C,_li'v_'I_O. HCl OCllOBHC KClpaKTCpHCTY1KC OBOI' ccr:V1erna KOJC cy HCOflXO)_\lle 3a
pil3Y'vleBCllbe H,)Llll!W liJYHKI.\HOllHcc\ILa pooO'ra.
CJlODOilHO Teno y npocTopy Hi\W LUcer CTeneHYl cnoDoDc KpeTCl!'b(\: M())Ke ,':(a CC
Kpcl1e TpaHc;laTopHo l\Yi!{ oca x, Y, Z H ,\l())Ke LIa cc 06pl1e 01(0 CBa!(e OL\ THX oca.
MexaHH3aM p060Ta ce J100Hja nOBe3HBal-be:VI BI1UlC cnCMCHaTa (Tena). CB<tKa BC3a
eneMCHTHMCl OjlY3WvIa O,'lpeljeHH 6poj CTenCIlH CJ]OOO):(C KpeTal'ba. Bc,a OBa flBa
eJleMeHTa ce Ha3HBa K}IHCMaTCKll nap. Y TaDCJlH T-7.2 ey J.(ani KHHCMaTCKH napoBH
ca pa3JlWlHTl1M opOjC;vl CTcnCIIH cJlo60L\e KpeJ'al-ba. 3a npHMeHy y POOOTI1L(11
HajBa)!(HHjH cy KHHeMaTCKYI napoBH KOjH .u03BOJbaBajy caMO jeL\HY pOTaL\Hjy
(poTalJ,HOHH nap HnH pOTaL\HOHH 3rJI06), H nap KOjH ,':(03BOJ1,aBa caMO jC):lHY
TpaHcnaLIHjy (TpaHCnal\HOHH nap YlJ1H TpaHcmlUHoHH 3l'nOO), T3B. KHHel\JaTCKH
napoBH nCTe J(jlace.
182
T-7.2.
K:raca
KI1HeM.
napa
II
III
IV
V
opoj
C'renCIH1
cnoGo.ue
)
4
(3 P-i--] T)
3
(3P+OT)
(lP+2T)
(I P+] T)
(I P+OT)
(OP+ J T)
IjJUlfcl7ojJnl1lo U ilpCmO!WplW Cpe()cJ1l1ia U ypchuju
Bl1we IlOBe3al-Il1X KI1HeMaTCKI1X napoBCl HCl3YfBaMO KYfHeMaTCKl1M claJ-!ljHMa.
KHHeMClTcKH nClHljH cy lloceollo BCl>KHH Y P060THljH 3aTO WTO MeXaHl13aM CBaKor
pOOOTa npe,n:CTaBJbCl, Y CTBapH, je,n:ClH KHHeMaTCKI1 JIaHGllj. Ha CJ1. 7 .24 npe.ucTaBJ"beHO je HeKOJIHKO MClHYfllyJIar~HOHHx POOOTCl H WCj\1aTCKH cy npHKa3aHH
o.QroBClpajyl1H KHHeM3TCKH n3HljH.
AVI710MamU'](J(jWIU I7IjJWICI10j)J}I/1U CUCI7lC.HU 183
CnlKU 7.24. llplLHepu ;V!WlllIIVJIW/UOllllX pO[)OIllCl CLI KUlICHClIIICKlf.H JWI-n/U,j'IU
7.2.4 POOOT3
iVlYfHHMClJ1Ha KOllcjmrypal(Hja po60'ra lIoJlpa3y:vleBCl MexawnClM ea Tpl1 3],;lOoa.
o.QHoe;:lo TpH creneHLl cJlooo;J,e. Ha TaKBY Wi!H1Ma:HIY KOHclmrypClIL!1jy !Ia;lOBe3yje
ce TClKO'3BClHH 3ClXBClrUH MeXaJll--1'3ClM po6orCl KOjll cc YCjjOBHO HCl3l1Ba XBClTaJLKa,
3ClXBLlTHH ypeJ)Clj O.QHOCIIO UlaKa. Ha cn.?2) WeM<lTCKll je npc;J,cTi!BJbeHCl nO!jena
Kl-U'ICM<lTCKO{' JIal-ll(a Hi! ,\-lHHHMaJII1Y KOI'!cjll1rypauHjy H XB<rraJbKy.
6
s,
C'!IlIKG 7. 25. lVfu/lUA1WlIta KOllrjJLl2ypazruja u xeamWblW po6ol71a
184 Tpm-tcnopmHa u npemOeapHa cpeocmea U ypef;aju
Ha:mB MIlHHM3J1Ha KOHqmryp3l.(Hja ce KOPHCTH 3aTO lIITO CBaKH MammYJIaUHOHH
p060T nOCe,L\yje Taj ,L\eo MeXaHH3Ma. MHHaMaJ1Ha KOHq.mrypauHja ce ,L\eqmHHlIIe
Kao MeXaml3aJ1,! ca TpH CTerreHa crro6o,L\e KOjH BpllIH lJ03HIlJllO"!mpa.lhC Tj. ,L\OBol)e~be XBaTaJbKe Ha )KeJbeHO MeCTO y pa.i.l.HOM rrpocTopy. Ha OCBOBY Tora ce MO)lCe penH.i.l.a
MI1HHMaJIHa KOHcpHrypaUlIja o,!\pe1jyje TIOJIO)l{aj KopeRa Mexaml3Ma XBaTaJbKe,
(Ta1.JKa C Ha CJI.7.25) a THMe H TepeTa KOjHM ce PYKyje.
Ha cn.7.26 npIlKa3aHa je rrO.i.l.eJIa po60Ta rrpervla KOHqmrypauHjH po60Ta.
nOPT ArIlJ;', III KAPTE3VlJAHCKV1
'----_--l '--___ ---' '-___ --' '--___ ---' L...._(KP_AH_C_KV_i_J """"" I (nPABOYrAOHVl)
C,uKa 7.26. OCHoBHa nooeJ1a po6oma npelvta zeo~'vtempuju
Ha cn. 7.27 H ClI. 7.28 ,L\eTaJbHHje Je rrpHKa3aHa UHJIHHtl,pH'l.Ha H nOpTGlJ1Ha KOHqmrypaUHja po6oTa.
1 - 110CTOJhC po6oTa,
2 - XBaTaIbICa,
3 - OeHOBHll pOTaUlloHll Mo,n:eH,
4 - Mo,n:yn 3a XOpH30HT<L~Hy
TpaHcHauHjy,
5 - POTaUHoHH MO,n:y,l ca ,n:Be
pOTaUHje,
6 - MO,n:YH 3a BepTHIGlHHY
TPllilC;1aUHjy,
7 - Hocelia KOHCTpYKUHja,
Z - BepTllK3J1HO KpeTalbe,
X - XOPll30HT<LTJHO KpeTafbe,
C - pOTaUHja OKO Z -oee,
A - pOTaUllja OKO X -Qce,
B - pOTaUllja OKO Y -oee
CJ1UKa 7.27. aWlUl-ldpUllHa KOHljJuzypalJujd po6oma
Ayn/o_,tClnncocwiU mpmlCl70pJ'JIIIU cucmc~lu 185
Cmli<a 7.28. IJopmu../iU U o"/{/KIIIOCiJlCI IWlf(j)U?vpm!uja P0001llL/
7.2.5 3aXBaTHH MexamnaM (XBaTaJbKa pOOOTa)
KaKO je HaBelleHO MI1HI1MaJIHa KOHqmrypm-\l1ja llOBO,Q11 XBaTaJbKY y )KeJbeHI1 ,Qeo.
pallliOr npOCTo.pa, Olll-lo.Cl-lO l1o.3l1L(YlOHYlpa KOPCl-! XBaTaJbKe. 3aXBaTl-lYl MeXaHYl3aM
po6oTa caerojl1 ce TaKo1)e OJ( ollpe1)eHor 6poja 3lJ1o.60Ba, a !fa Kpajy cc
npYl'lBpwi1yje TaKo.3BClHl1 3(lXB<lTHH ypeijaj HJlYl CTe3(l,bKCl-KfleWTa. 3nio.6oBYl
'3aBXBaTHor MeXaI-!l1'3Ma cy no. llpaBHny pUraW-IOHYl. MeXal-lH3a~I XBaTa;bKC YlMa
jeJ}aH, ;1,Ba HJlH TpH 3l'JIo.6a Ii YlCTO TOJH1Ko. CTenelll-l cn06o;Je. Epoj 31')1060B<1 3<1BHCli
0.,[( Ha,·rCHC Tj. O;J 3amrraKa KOjYl p060T 06aBjba. C o.6:3l1po'Vj Ila TO. ;Ja MHIII1:VlaJIIIa
KOHqlHrypaUHja HMa TpH CTenClla cn06o,Z(e, 3IJat.!l1 ;1,a he p060T yKymlo Yl:VlaHI
'leTHpVI, neT VInH wcer CTefleW-l CJl060;1e. MexaHwlC1M XB3TaJbKC, '3ajellHo. ca
MVil-iHMaJ1HOM KOllclml'ypaI-\YljoM, 06e36el)yjc J}a BPX XBaTC1JbKC ,aolje Y )KCJbel-IYl
nOJIQ)Kaj YlJ,Ll XBaTaJbKCl -laY3MC iKCJbCl-iY opHjeHTal(Hjy y flPOCTOpy 0;U-Jo.CI10
XBaTaJbK<l meW 3Ct!J,aTCtK ,aCt o6e36e;1,H opjelITaUlljy -repe-rCt y flpOCTOpy.
XB3TaJbKC ce J~eflC npeMCt H3LfHHY XBaT<lIb3 IIa:
MeXCtHHLfKe XB3TaJbKe,
XBaTCtfbKe C3 MeX3f-IWIKHM IlpCTfl:v13,
XBaTaJbKe e3 BaKYMCKYIM HflH MarHeTl-IHM CHc-reMOM XB3Tafb3,
YI-lHBep3aJIHe XBaTaJ'bKe.
MexamPIKe XBaTaJbKe npeJ.l.CTaSJl,ajy ypcl-jaje pa3BHjel-le 3a pa.i.l. C3 .Il.l13aJJHL(aiVJa,
cn.7.29. H3 CJ1HL(H cy npHKa33He XBC1TC1JbKe y o6nHKY KnelllT3 pa3BHjeHe 33
CtYTOMaTCKO npHXB3Tal-be TCtHKHX TepeTa KCtO WTO cy c1HMOBH H flnOLfe Jl,OK ce y
nOWTCtM3 npHMel-byjy 33 npCl-lOlllelbe Bpena.
186 7j)WICI10jJIIIIIO II I1pemO(iOp"G CpeOCI7IGG U ypehaju
C;nil'::(l 7.29. /v!exollu'IKe XBClIlJWbKe
XS,naJbKC ca npCTllMa ey HajYelul1a BpcTa ypeljaja 'la XBaT'Hbe. flpeMa 6pojy
npcTujy Mory 6,ITl1: XBaTaJbKe ea )18a npeTa 11 XBaT,UbKe ca Bl1We npcTnjy. Y HHilyerpl-IjcKHM npwvlcHaMa npCTC)KHO CPCI'iCMO XBaTaJbKC ca gBa npera ca
3rn061tVlM McxaHH3MOM. Ha cn 7.30 npHKa3aHa ey HCKa O)~ H3BeilCHHX pcwclha OBC BpeTC XB,rraJblU1.
C.'/U/W 7.30. IJpl/Mepu X(fCl/7/Ci;bl,'e poooma
BaKYMCI;:C XB3T3.JbKC, en.7.3!, oCTBapyjy 3axsaT ca npCgMCTOM Ha Taj HaLlHH WTO
ny"ma 113snaYH Ba3gYx cTBapajynH TaKO nOTnpl1THcaK. PagH OCTBapl1Batba
3aAOBOJbaBajyner KOHTaWrtlOr 3anT!1Balba, !1nl1 XBaTfUbKa (Cl1CaJbKa) l1Jlli pa)Ul!1
npegMCT Mopajy 6HT!1 Oil MCKor MaTepl1jUJ1a. HajLlculnc c!y y nl1Tatby MeKC l1Bl1l(e C!1CaJbKC.
AY17l1HIWrlU30(;aIlU mpWIC170jJlJlilU cucme.1IU 187
C:.TUlW 7. 31. XliUmCUb/(e
flOil noj"lO'Vl ymlBcp3amIllX H npMJlarOrlJl>H8!U XBaTaJbKH nO}lpa3yr,1cBajy ce
XBaTaJbKC KOjC Mory }~a xBaTajy npe;J:MtTe pa:J!l1YHTOr o6nHKa ~l BC;IwmHC. en. 7.32 npl1Ka3yjejc;J:HY W:ryhHOCT ,a 1l0KpeT(ltbC 3r11060Ba !lpeTa nOBc1ayel·beM TpaKe
(Y/KcTa).
~=T-(C> / "'./
7.2.6 ilorOlH'KH CllC"':.~m
npOCTH HHJLYCTPHjCKH MaI11.mynaTopH HJlH aYToMaTH Kao npcTxoJIHHl(a
HH;:rYCTPHjCKl1X p060To 06;FlI-IO cy Il;\l,UIH rrHeYMaTcKH norOH. TaKaB norOH jc
oMorynaBao ct/H1KacaH, jcctJTHJI H SCOMa 6p3 pal.( ypei)aja. bC3 063ylpa H<l Te
KBamlTeTC, l1l-lcYMaTCKH !lOrOH CC BPflO peTKO CperlC KO;:r c,mpC,\lCHHX p060Tajep ce
TaKaB noroH, 360r KOJ'v1l1peCH6HJII-IOCTH Ba3uyxa TeWKO pel'YJlHWe, Ol.(lIOCllO TemKO
jc oCTBapHTH KpeTalbe no 3a;:UlTO:Vl 3ilKOHy.
JCilaH 0,Q npBHx, a.rm jom YBCK ZtwryeJIlH1x norOHCKHX CvICTCM<l y p060THLIH je
xH,QpaYflliYHH norOH. PerYJlal(Ylja KpeTaIb<l nOCT1DKe ce perymil(l1joM npHT!1CKa y l(Ylmm;:rpy H npoToKa YJbZt Kpm L\l-L1Y!Hilap. HanZtjatbe l(HJlHllgpa YIbeM H
perynaUYlja npOTOKa BplUH ce 110Mohy ccpBOpa3B0}11Il1Ka. KaKo ce y CKJlOny
cepBopa3BoilHHKa HaJU13H eneKTpoMOTOP, osa) rrorOH ce 'ICCTO Ha3Hsa
cnclnpOXl1ilpaynH4HH norm!. HajBene npeilHOCTI1 xHupaYJlWiHOr llOrOHa ce
orneAajy npH 1vIaHl-mymiCZtJ-bY ca Ben!1M TCpCTl1Ma (Oil ! 00 Kf na 11 sHwe).
XHgpaymlYliH norml, 3a pa3Jll1Ky 0,Q ,QpyrHx, Bpno JtaKO oCTBapyje BCHHKC CHJle H
naKO ce pcrynl1we. DOPCA Tora, p060T BeMa peAYKTOp, a tmje rroTpc6Ha
KOMneH3al(l1ja CTanlYKOr OflTcpcficl·bcl.
188 TpaHCI7IJj!17111Cl II npem0(50pIIU CpeC)CJ7IUa u ypehaju
Y3 CBC l1PC;UlOCTI1 I<oje nOCC[lyje .'GFlpaynYlLJI-Hl nOf'OH. y nOCIICWbe Bpe~le ce CBC
BI1LUe flfll1MeI-byje CnCI<TpYlLJHI1 normI LinK H rIpH MC1j-IHIlymlcaH,y ea Bei1HM
TCpenlM<l. l-bY1XOBa UlHpOl(a ynurpcoa nOCj[C,QHun jc Hajllpc LJHlbCHHue ,Qil jt rbVlXOBH perym1UY1ja PC:J2lTY1BHO je,QHOCTnSH2l, 2l 3anlN! Y1 HeKflX HegOCT2lT2lKCl
Xl1,QpnyIll-l'l1H!X nOrOllCKHX OICTe"la lzaO LUTO je OrpilllWICll<l :VI<lKCVlMiUIHH OP3V1IW
KJlJ-ma y IHlnHlI,Qpy, 'IH'YIC jc OrpalIWiCHiJ VI OP3HlIa pooon!. C1 T(1KOne jc YBCK
npHCYTaH npOOnCM L\ypClb<l yJbH. Y-3 KOI-ICTaTaL(Hjy Xlii CC CBC BylUJC KOP'1CTH
CnCKTpYl'-iaH noroH pOOOTa TpCOa YIGnaTI1 H lJa wn npOO!1C"Ja "ojc TaKaB IlOfOH
!(OHOCVI. Crall,QapllHYl C_~CKTPOMOT()l'tI npYlJlWlllO BCJWKC OP3111lC ('''pTal-ba_ a
OCTBapyjy pC!1aTllBliO 'vJanc 110rOfiCKC MOMCHTC. 3aTO cy HCOnXOgHH PCfWKTOPI1
KOjYl l)c C.vl'l[MHH 6p3l1HY 11 nOBeJJaTH MOMCHaT-. IJpellocllH Ogl-IO,-, i pCJJyK! opa
V10pajy HCKaWl 6wI'Yl npu;i:jLllIO BCJlHKll (II i.\0 300)_ DOUJTO jc TpCl-LC Y pC,QyKrupy
YECK npHCYTHO, ry611 cc ,Qooap i.\CO CHarc, naje TO je;:U·Ja O,Q IlCnOrOWIOCTH OBaKBor
110['01 la, CneL1cnH llPOOJICM jc MeCTO nOCTaEJbalLa eJlCKTpOMOTopa. )J,a OH CC
110CTHl'nCl OOJba CT,lTHYKa ypaEI-lo-rC)KeliOCT p06o-ra. ~WTOpH CC 'leCTO nOC-raBJbajy
T3KO !(a cy YJ\,1c1,CHH Og 3L1000Ba KOjC Il0Kpclly. 33"1'0 jc florpcoHo npojcKToBaTH
MeXalll13aM KOjwvI hc cc nO[,OIl npcllcTH 0,Ll :\WTOpa!(O 3rn06a. TaKaB ,\-lcxaHW3aM HC
caMO :~a ycnQ}!(J-baB<l KOHCTPYKlHijy p060Ta, Bcn ilOHOCH H HCKe ):\pyre np06ne;vle
KilO uno jc. Ha npl1MCp, npooneM enaC-fWll-H1X !-1CCIJOpMClL(Hja H OCUH"laUllja y
npeHOCHOM McxafIH3MY.
KOll MaIbHX poGo-fa cpelly ce '1CCTO i(OpOl/i1l/ eJ{(!i(lllpOM0/J10PU (stcpping motors) KOjH cy BeOMa norO,::\1UI '3a nOBC3YJBalbe H ynpaBJbaIbe ca paLlylwpOM. MCi)YTYIM.
Oy!(yllYI ,Qa paL1c Y OTBOPC1-lOj CrIPC'll'!, joUl YBeK I-mjc pa'lpeUleHo []flT,HbC fbl1XOBC
110TnY1!C nOYlL.\aHocni Y cMHcny npeL.\H3HOI' n03J1L\flOl-mpafb3 norOTOBO y pailY ca
BCl1lI~l TCpeTHi\'ia. Ha3HB ,Qoml1ij OTV;\H UlTO cc OlHl Kpelly Y BHil)l HH'3a ;1I1CKpeTlHlX
Yl'J10Ba 110MCpClI-La-KOp8KLl.
HCUlTO K13aIll-ITClTl-IBHO HOBO npC,1CTaBJhajy 1'3B, MOTOPl'! 3a ~l.HpCKTHH norml 3a KOjH
CC 'rCCTO KOpIKTH CHfJ1CCKI1 TCPMWI direC! drive Hm1 gearles motors. OBl1 ,,10TOpH,
33xBaJbyjy11l1 Yl3Y3CTHO CHa)f(I-IHM MarHCTl1Ma 1-1 cncI.\V1clmLJlioj KOI-ICTPYKqHjH,
oCTBapyjy 113Y3CTHO BeJIHKC rIOrOHCKC MOMCllTC H Mane 6pOjCBC 06pTa, l1a SC
KOPYlCTC 3a noror! OC3 PC)JYKTopa_ TaKBlI MOTOPl1 nOCTaBJLajy CC ,QHPCKTHO Y
'3rnoooBC H HCMa nocc6!-lOf npcllOcHor MeXCll-!H3l\Ja.
Y nocJ1e,Ql-bc BpeMc ce CBC BHWC 3a 110l'OH p060Ta ynoTpe6IbClBajy MOTOPH
Ha113Mel-lHYHe CTpyjC ca Tl1PHCTOPCKl1M ynpaBJhCllbCM.
Y po6Ufl1ql1 CC KOPl1CTC HCljclCUll1c ABa l-la'll1Ha nOCfa!lJhal-ba MOTopa:
npBH Ha'IHH npCABH1)a nOCTaBJ1,al-bC MOTopa !(HPCKTIIO y 3moGoBc p060Ta
KOjc nOKpelly. OBaj HaLlHH oMoryllaBa jC!(HOCTaBHY KOHCTpYKUYljy
Me1)YfHM oBaj Ha'IHH liMa 3HaLJajHYlX HCliOCTaTaKa jcp CC l1oBel1aBa - .
CTanFIKO VI !(YlHaMHLJKO 0l1Tepenel-bC po60Ta 'Il1MC CC 3Ha'laJHO CMal-bYJc
AYI110/iIW71U30(iCllIII 171paJlcnoplllllU CUCl71e.HU 189
TaLiI-lOCT po60Ta
D,PYfl1 Ha'IHH, KOjl-! jc 'ICllJi1H. noml3H 0[\ H)JcJe lla MOTope Tpe6a
nOCTaBJbaTH UlTO 6mlfl(c OC110BH pOOOTa jcp CC TilKO CT~lTWIKO
orrrepCl1eI-bC, iVlOTOPYI cY [JOCTH13JbC'HI1 Til!(O ,Q<l npe~lCTa13:bajy KOI-rrpaTC)KY
nonyraMa, rioroHcK}J :VIOrvrCHTH ce 0;1 MOTopa ;10 o;],rOBapajynnx '3rnOOOBa
I·mjl!ewhe npeBoce 1l0CCOHHNI npCHOCiH-IUHMa HJlH CllJlCKCHOW!lll1Nl
BpaninH:VIa,
Dp06nCiVI npCHoca 110rOHCKor MOMCIITa 0;], ,-10Topa .L\O 3rnooa jc BCOMa 3HaLiajaH.
DOcrOjH BC"l>1KU opoj p,nnWi,L'fY1X PCWClb<l npeHOCIIUI' MCXCllunM,1. )J,n 61: u" oCTBapliO )KCJbCHII I1pel-lOCHH O;\HOC PC;:\YKTopa HC',)"IXOfU'0 jc rq'w:'~':::·rrli
BHUleCTenCHI1 peL\YI<Top npH LICMY cc jaB:-ba npooJlc\! 3ClJ()PCi, Jcn,aH Ha'-lllH in ce
oBaj npuonCM PCUlH jc I(OH,_'TpYL" ..:ncW-ljaJUlHX spCTa pC;1,yKTcpa lWjYl ycnc13ajy
,Cia OCTBape BeJH1KC IlpCHOCHe o,QHoce ca :"mnHM 6pojelld 3YflLiaCTl1X l1apOBa. Y p060THJJ.11 CC KOP11CTYI cnCL(l1jaml!-1 T313. xaplv!OHHK JlpajB PCLlYKTOp. CII. 7 .33,
AKoje: Zi = z.,- 1,
OH,LW jc: 1= Z2
CIUK(f 7.33. Xap.1,fOlIW( opuje per)vKI1IOp
EmmcacTH yHyTpallll-bH 3YHLfailYlK )w6Hja norOH I1peKo y,la'll-IOr Bpa-nlna y oonHKY
emmcc rmja jc cnojcHa 3<1 OCOBHHY MOTopa, }--:bMei)y cnVlncaCTor 13panwa H
3ynLJalIfiKa HaJla3H CC KyTnH4HH flc)Kaj. 3YflLlaHliK jc CnpCrlIYT ca Kyl1liUITC\1 ca
yHyTpawlbHM 03y6JbClbeM. 3ynLiaHHK jc O!( CmlCTYl'lHOr ;vraTepHjaJIa KOjl1
oMoryl'lyje l13BCCHY ,QecjJopMaL(Hjy '3y6a npl1 CnpC3alby ca yHyTpaWl-bl1M
03y6JbeJ-bCM, 3yn'laHHK jc BC3aH 3a 113Jla3HY OCOBl1HY PCL1YKTopa, Koja 110Kpehe
3rn06 pe,QyKTopa. AIm jc opoj 3yGa 3ynLJaHHKa 3<1 jC,QaH MaI-bH O!( Gpoja 3y6a
yHyTpaWl-bCr 03y6JbCl-ba Kylll1UlTa TO 3HaLIH !(a, aKO CC yna:mo CnJ1fICaCTO BpaTHJIO
06pHe 3a nyH Kpyr, YTHcKyjy1l11 npl1 TOMe 3y6e 3Y11LJaHl1Ka y 3y6c KyfulwTa,
reHepaTop l1e ce nOMepYlTYl '3a jC!(aH 3y6 YHa3a!(. AKo ce nocMaTpa YOfllllTeHo.
3YI1'laHI1K ne ce OOPHYTI1 YHa3a,Q y O)~HOCy l-la BpaTl1nO 3a OHOnYlKO 3y6a KOJIHKO YlX
jc Mal-bC Hero HH KyhYlUlTy, Tpc6a jow Hal10McHynl !(a ce XapMOHl1K )J.pajB
190 7/)(l/l(:l1ojJ1771t(f II ilpemO(WjJlIQ cpeiJc11I(!{l II ypeijaju
peAWKTOpYl o!~m!i(yjy jaKo MaJIYlM 3a30pOM, anu "laHa Hill JC ga cc He Mory
npH\ICHfITH 3a npCHOC BchYl)( orrrepdlClba.
;:(21 OH ce CM(]lbHJJO onTepciklbC [JOJ'OHCKor .\1eX'1l-IWl;vl(] nOTpe6J-1o je mBpwHT!-J
KO\lneH3auyjy !lIOMC~IaTa l-IaCTanHX ycneJ~ Te/KJ1!-IC nO:lyra ,\lCXaHfl3i1la P060T<l.
JellilH Og Ha'lHWl je iVlCTOli<l KOl-rrpa Tcra. Ta liil,cja jc Bel'] CI'JOMHI-b<tl-la IIp!-l
110CTaBJbalbY MOTopa 1(1 nO!'01-I XBaTaJbKC. MO'ropH 'la DorOH XBaT,)JbKC 1l0CTaB:bajy
ce ca cynp0Ti-IC crpaHe 3rn06a TaKO J,Cl npCJ,cT<lBJbajy KOI·rrpa -rcr KOjH ,LIenHMHLIHO
YPJBHOTe)Kyjc TCJKHI-lY Me:mwnMa po60Ta. XB,lTaJbKC H paAllor IlpCJJ'VleT<l. OBO jc
CBaKaKO KOPI1CHO, anY! ': 06-mpOM Ha yo6HLlajeHe TCJKI--lHe MOTopa BehH f\CO
CTanlLIKor onTcpenclna oCTaje HeypaBHOTC)Ken. ,D,a 6H KOMncl-13auuja 6Hna
. ":OTI1)';;"- Tpe6a",o 01: ,:\a Korrrpa TCJKHHa 6YJ\e ,,\OBOJbHa Bem1Ka. MC!}yrHM, TC 6H
1H<lTHO YBeha.no YKyfIlly TeJKvlHY p060Ta, 3 TYlI,;c 1?, JiHl-laMWI KC, onTcpcliel--he npH
pailY· 3a cnY'Jaj MarlHnynaqHje ea MalbHM TepeTH'vla LICCTO ee npHMclhyje yrrp3Bo
OEaIma gem-lMHYHa KOMncWlaqHja, na l'vIOTOP NlOpa CaBJl3,L1aTH HCKOMrICJ-l30BaHH ,LIeo
CT,rfWIKOr on-repel1el--b3 H qcno ilHW1MWIKO orITeoehcl-bC, To, :Vle!)YrHM, HHjC ,Q06po
pewelne y cny'-lajy p0601'a 3a pag C3 BellHM TCo~nl1Vla. Y TOM cJ!Y'-lajy MO'AZe J],a ce
llPH:V1CHH :vleXaJ-IH3aM 33 KOMncmaUHjy C3 nonY)KHO-onpY)KHHM MeXaHl-J3MOM,
flHeYMJTCKHM HJlH Xl-J,LIpaynH'-lHHM Uf1JlHI-lJlpOM,
7,2.6 CcmopH y pooonm,H
KaKO je Y yEO,QY HaBC,QCHO L\a 611 p060'f ,\IOraO pa,Q!1TH Cc\lI-lOCTaJIHO Of-! ;\;Iopa 6HTH
"CBCCT<lH" ce6e 11 CBOjC OKOJ1Hlrc. [1peL\Yl3Hl1je peLJeHO, p060T illOpa HMaTH
MoryliHocT MepCl--ha COnCTBel-lOr nOflO)Kaja Ii 6P,UHC Kao H iV1cpcl-ba pa,nwIHTHx
BeJlJiYHl-la y pagHoj OKOJlHI-H1, LJHMe CTHLle llpeJ],cTaBY 0 CnOJbllOM llPOCTOPY.
Pa3;[WlHTH MCpl-lH ypeljajH H CHCTeiV1H KojvliV1a p060T )),o6uja H!!(jlopMar~Hje 0 CCOY! H
OKOJlHIIH !1a3HB3jy cc CcrnopH. J{,UJac cy TO ypclJajH '3a MCPClbC yraollOJ' H
rpallcnaTopHor 1l0MCP'Hb3. pcnHH'-IHTH CCH300H ,QO,QHpa, ypcl)ajH 3(1 McpCfbe
pacTojatba, (YUlC, y6p3aJ-ba H cn. fIoee6HY I::.nacy eeH30pCKHX CHeTe~Ja LJHHe
BH3yemiH CHCTCMH. KaKO ce o!l, p06ura y 6Y!l,yI1HoeTH OLJeKyjc H3Y3CTlJa
CaYJOCTaJIHOCT, TO jc HeOllXO!l,aH ycnoB 3l-1,Flajal-l Hanpe!l,aK y CCf-I30PC](Oj TCXHHL\H
Kao WTO je, lIa npHMep, Llyno E\O!l,Hpa ca MoryhHowi1y ol1peljHBalba rnaTKohc H
MeKofle flOBPWHHC, TPO!l,HMeH3HOHaJfHa BH311ja, <Iyno cnyxa ea npcn03HaBaJbCM rOBopa Wf):\.
f10g~TKe 0 ConCTBeHOM nOnO)Kajy Yl 6p3HHH p060'I' J],06Hja MepClbeM [JOMepaIna y 3rnOOOBI1Ma H BpeMeaa TpajaI-ba THX nOMepal-ba. G- 063HPOM Hel TO !l,a CC Mepe T3B.
yllY'rpaw~c KOOp!l,I1HaTe H 6P3HHC, oJ],roBapajylle MepJ-le ypc!)ajc l-l<l3I1BaMO
yl'lyTpaW~Hrv! cemopHMa. DocToje H ypeJjajH KOjl1 MCpC pa3nHLJHTC BCJ!H'-lHJ-Ie
Be3aHe 3a O!l,HOC p060Ta H CnOJbaW~C CPC,QHHC (Ha npUMep, y!l,aJbCJ-lOCT OJ],
npenpeKe HT!l,.). TaKBe ypel),~jc Ha3HBaMO CnOJbaUll-bHM CCH30pHMa. YHYTpaWfMI
Aymo,vtaJrll-GO()(/JIU IJljJC/lICllopnlllu cucme.l1U 191
cemopll nOCTojaJlH ey Beh KOJ], IIpBl-IX Tl-lllOBa P060TC\ (p060Tl-I IlpBC rCHCpaqnjc r j'!8HMC, V1epel--be nOJ1())Kaja H 6P'3HIlC HeOllXO.'lHO je 38 pcaj[U3aL~Hjy OWIO KaKBor
eepBOCHCTCMa. TaKBH Ce1-l30pH VI J],alJac nOCTOjC ](O[J CI3BX po60Ta. AKO
npCTnOCTaBHMO i18 caBpeMeHH p060T HMCI ynpaB"bCl'IKy WCMY Cil BHwe 1IHBOa, Taga
yHyTpauHbH CCH30PH 06C30Cl)yjy HJlCtJOp:VWLiHje 3<1 p<l!~ fJajHH)KCr HHGOa
ynpaB;bell-ba (CCpBOCHCTe:\'ICKH lIHEO). CnO;b311IlM1 ceH30pH no npaBH;IY ~ajy
l1HCPOp;vJaUHje 3(1 HI·rille HHBoe ynpaBJbalba H Ha OCHOBY IbHX ce LlOJlOCe O,'lJlYKe.
f!OWTO cy OBO yrnaBHoM !l03lIaTH ypefjajY! KOjYl HGL'l;ne 1IIYlpOKy I1pHMeHY y onUlToj
aYTOMaTH3ilL\Hjl-l OBLiC l'lc cc caMO YKpaTKO J],ClTH npernc;l O!·ll-IX ceH30pa KOJYl ce
Haj'ICllllie cpehy y p06oTHI~H.
KOIlBCf}3Hja npeJ],cTilBJba npeBohclbe allaJlOnle :,eJlHL!I-lJ-!e y J],:II'HTaJlHY H
OOPl-lYTO. Ha npHMcp aKO je '1HClnon·ra BCJlHLJHlJa ::anOl! OH,LIa ce Ol-l !l,OBOJ],H
I-W yna3 A/J~ KOHBcpTopa a HCl wUla3Y ce J],06Hja ~croBa 6pOjlia
(w,m-rraJlHa) BpegHOCT y OHf'WPHOM cHcTeMY. OBa KOHBcp3Hja ce BplllH Hel
OCI-lOBY CTMOHa LIYljl-l ce 6pOjHH eKBHBaJICHTH 31Jajy. Ko!l, KOHBepTopa
jc 06pHYTO Ha yna3 cc J],OBO,LIH 6pojHa BPCfWOCT H<lfIOHa (y 6HHapilOM
6pOjHOM cHcTeMY), a Ha H3!la3Y cc !l,06uja HanOH.
CClI30PH nOJlOflGlja ce 6a'lHpajy Yl'naBf-IOM J-Ia MepCI-bY yrHoBa 3aKpeTaJ-ba
'3mOOOB<l 110M0l1y nOTel-luHolVleTapa (KopHeTc npHHU!1rI JlHHCapHc
3aBHCI'IOCTH cneKTpHYJ-lC OTl10PIIOCTU npOEOgHHKa 0;':\ ~crOBC !l,y:;KHl-Ie),
pe30JIBepa (BeJlWfHl-la HI1PYKoBHl-lOr HanOHa y H<Ulonuy puropa 3aBflCl-i OJ!
yma 3aKpCT,1l-ba y O~HOCy Ha HaMoTaj cTaTopa) H CHKo,Qcpa l<ojH
npC!lCTHBJbajy OITnI'IKC ypc15c~e 3a ,-lcpeH,c yrna.
Kao ccn:wp on:mnc ce j·mj<Ielllne CpdlC Tn:(~)i"ellep~LTOp (KOPl-!CTI-l rrpYilluHI1
pa;J.a rCHcp,nopH jemlocMcpllC c-rpyje KO!l, Kora jc HI-IJiYKoBaHYl HanOH
nponopUHowulaH yram-lOj 6V)YlHYl).
CCil30jHi !lOrmpa cy oHllapml Tj. J],ajy HHlllopMaL\Hjy y 06Jll1KY 0 W1H 1, CI1rWlJIH3Hpajynl1 ,QO,iJHP ca lleKl1M npeL\McTOM. Cl Ilpe;,:\CTilBJbaJY
pa3JIWlHTC Bpc-re MIIKpOnpeKl-J)l,GlLta. HajLlcwl1e ce KopHcTe Kao CCH30Pl1
XGaTalb<t.
CCU30PH Cl-!JlC )J,ajy nO,QaTaK 0 BCJ1H'lHHU CHrIC KopHcTehH LfHI-bC1IHUY ,Qa
l-IeKH MaTcpHjanH nOg ,QCjCTBOM CHJlC Melbajy HeKe CBOjC C!lH3WIKC oc06HHe
(eneKpl1LfHa oTnopHocT, J],UCJlCKTpl-lLfHa KOl-lCTaHTa HT,LI.) HJlH Ba OCHOEY
MCpCJ-ba enaCTH'-ll-lHX )~ccpopMauuja nYTcM MepHHx TpaKa.
Kao ce1l30pn omrHme Mory ce KOPHCTHTH HHL(yKTHBl-lH L(aBaLfH (3a
MCTMHe ~13TepHjaJle) 3aTHM Kanal(HT3THBJ-IH, yJlTpa3Byl.lJ-lH H onTWIKH
ceH30pH
192 7j!WICI10pn'llW U IipemO({OpliO Cpe()CIJIBa II ~vpehaiu
CC!l30DH paerojaJb3 (BlBY':J!!Bl CHCTC"W). BY!3YCJlHVI CYICTC~1}l
npe,aCTaBsbajy "LIyno BVI.Qa" pOOOTa. OBaj eVlCTC"l OOYXB3Ta ypcl)aje u
MeTO)J,e 3a )~OOHF\lbC Je;llIOiJ.liMCli3,IOHanHC, .QBOjJ.YIMeirmOlIaJIHe YInH
Tp0,QHMeH'3V10HiU1He BI13ycmlc VIlJ([JOpMClUUjC 0 Oiwcl)elloill flpe;J"VleTY I1Jll!
ileny npoC'ropa, -l3THM OopaJIY ,j alJaJllny !J.OOHjCllVlX nO,QaT3Ka 11, KOlraLIHO.
npen031JaB<llbe 06jeKClTCl y OHOj ;'1CPll 1\:031[11\:0 jc TO IlO'rpc6110 y KOI-!KpeTl-lOj
npHMeHH. Dpfl rraKOB<llbV llPOH'3BOQa BlnyeJIlll1 CYlCTeM MO/KC
KOlrrpOJIYlCaTYl ,Qa nVl cy npeD,MCTYl np3BH,JHO pa'3BpCT::ll-Hl. OB3j npOOJlCM je
Bch y TecHoj BC311 ~h npyroM npH~!CllOYl BelllTaLIKC Vll-rrCJll1rCH'-\lljc -
·,;;:\CI-IT;;·(i)HKaUl1 io",. vt.uClfH1C[JYlKaL(Hja npcn03HaB1l1bC
nperVvlCT<l. OBO .ie Ilpo6,lC~1 !(oj!-1 cc '!CC+o nOCTaBJb'l npc)J. IHnyCJ!llc
CYlCTeMC y p000T!-1LJ.>1, Jmp_ y 3a)1aTKY COp ",·j;J:ll·ba Ka)J.a , lIaKOH
YlACHTWpVlKaL(Ylje npCJ\MeTa. Bp!LJH 1-bHXOBO pa3BpCTaBaJbC 11 01maralhe l-Ia
rrpeiJ:Bl-lijef-1a MeCTa. Br13yenllo yrrpaBJbalbC POOOTOM je l-lajHoBHja oonaCT
npl1MeHe BCWTaLfKor BYijJ.a. B!13yCSlfIYl CYlCTCMl1 "lory ce KOPYlCTI1TH y iJ:BC
eTane YflpaBJbalha P060TOM. Y eTarlYl r1J1aHYlpalbCl KpeTal-ba HeonXO)':\HO jc
Yl3BPWYlTH YlnCf-lTYlcllY!Kaw1jy npeWvleTa KOjl1 CC XBaTa H o,apejJ.I1TH I-bCWB
I10JlmKaj 11 opjeHTat\Yljy. TaKoljc, Morync jc TaKBl1"l nJ1al-ll1pal-beM llyral-bC
)1a ee m6cnlY eBcIITyaflllc npCllpCKC y pa;..(l-JOM npoCTopy. Y OBYlM
cnYLfajeBHM3 BYl3YCJII-1a YlIICIJopMaL\Hja CC KOPHCTH Ha HCKOM O)J. BHIlJI1X
HYlBOa ynpaBJbCllbCl. Moryilc jc NICljYTHM, KopHlllhel-bC BH3ycnHc
I1l-lClJOpMaL\ujc H Ha llajHYl}KCM, cepBOCYICTCMCKOM J-llmoy YflpaBJbaIha.
CC XBaTac'bKa BH'3ycnllo llaBO):I)-! IJa npC;J,MCT TJ. OJ~cTyrrmbe CC "1epH
)J.HPCKTHO y CnOJbaLlllbeM CYlCTC0,lY, y'3 nOMoll O;J.WBapajyl1cr Blnyc,H-IOr
ypel)aja. Y cBeTsry OflYiCaHYrX npHMepa BCLllT::lLfKOr BH~la Y0LJaBa:VIO iJ:a
By13ycnHl1 ClieTC,,1 Mopa OOa131rt'i1 .uBC ,jJaBHC IjJYHKu'UjC. rlPBO, Mopa
"upH!V1HTH CJH1Ky" H tlJOpr\lI-lpaTfl jCL\llO-L\BO HJIH TPOL\HMCfBHOIIaJ1l1Y
BH3YC,lHY 11H(POPMG1UYljy Y ,'U1I'YlTaJlHOM 06j1 11 Ky _ 013Z!KB<l Blnye:1H3
HHclJOpM3uHja ce allclJlH3l1pa nO}J.pa3YMeBajyhY! no,a Tl1,yl npCIl031IaBathe
OOJll1lZ3 H ,aHMCH3Y!ja npeL\MeTa Kao Yl l-IGlflmKCl-hC IbcrOBor nonmKaja H
OpjeI-!TaL\Y!Je.
7.2.7 OCHOBHM nojMoBH ynpaBJbaU,a POOOHIMa
YnpGlBJbal-be p060THMa ce CBOiJ:11 rIa perYJlHCatbC rrojc;Jl1l-IYlX Bpera norm!a. Y
cnYLIajy EM jCL\HOcMepHc CTpyjC y nl1Tal-bY ~ HanOI-! Ha MOTOPY, a y cnYLlajy
enCKTpOXl1L\paynWlI-IOr 1I0rOHa, CTpyja cepBOpa3BO.I.(Hl1Ka. 3a,aaTaK ynpaBJbalba CC
Mo)Ke ;JecjJYlHI1CaTfl HGl cnc)J.ehYi J-1aLIYlH: 06eJ6ec)umu mOlwy npoJ1tel-lY ynpaWb(l'lKUX
eemtclUlta Koja he npOU'3cecnnt '3GC)0I110 J.:pemClibe y ,]Z_'I060CiUMG pooo177a_
YnpaBJbal-he poooTHMa ce BPWI1 y BHLllC lHiBoa npYl LfCMY CBaKH BHWl1 HHBO
npYlnpeMa 3a/J,aTaK Yl ynpaBjba panoM HYl}KCr HflBoa:
AY171OJ1IamU30BOII1I mpallcllopnlltU CUCiI/e.lm 193
CCPBOCHCTCMCKli IIYlBO npCjlCTClBJba I-IClJHl1)KH HYlBO ynpaBJb<ll-La H 011
Hcnocpe;ulO 113BpmCl!3a KPCT:ULC. 3aTo cc LICCTO H lia3HBa H3BpUlHYl HIIBO.
3a):(<lTaK MOpJ OYlTH Y OOJIHKY 'lClXTeBa '3a (upeljcHYl,Yl KpCTalbC~1 '3l'nOOuB8.
CCPBOCl1CTCMI1 y CB<lKOM 06e>6elJyjy VI)13p~jj'Wal-hc TpmKcllor
KPCTCl!bCl. OBaj YllpaBJbayj{Yl W1BO npHMa 3aiL,yraK OjJ BYlUJer lfHBoa H,1H
IlcnoCpC;U-IU o:~ LiOBCKCl - ollcpinopa ClKO BlJUHl HylBO He nocTojl1. Oil
Moryl'iHx CCI130lXI(HX yJliC1JOpYHlllHja CCPI30CYlCTC:V1CKYl Ill1BU KOPHCTJ:l
IlOJIaTKC 0 nOflmKajy H nUiv!t'palbi:l '3r;1060Ba.
T:lKTll'iKH mmo jc npBll BY1:I.l: IIHBO ynpaBJh'Hbf.l H 011 BpiilH pacno;Leny
KpeTaJ-(';l HanO,QcI1cTe!Yle -"·1060lsH. 3al~aTaK nrJl"·!a O;J. Bl-lUlCr Hl-lBOa
(LIOBeKa-Ol1epmopa) I-Icnoq e LBO II TO Y oonHK'y ;aXTeBa 'la H3BUlelbC
O;WCDClIOr' cIJYI-IKUW)I!:lJllIor ;;OKpeTa. lla OBOM HHBO\ "c!ll<1B:l CC HI-Jec.:C:llll1
3a,QanlK IU111C!vl(lTHKC YliMC cc,aC(Pl1IH1U1Y 1 10 Tpc6;-w' KpeT[l]ba 3rJI06osa
p050Ta.
CTpaT<~rHicloi IHISO. Ha OBUM yrrpaBJbaC!K01V! HI1BOY, np06Jle~lCKYl OPJCHTHCaJl 3(11~aTaK (clJOp!vlynYlcal-1 y 06JIHKY 3aXTCBa '3a 113BPUlCl-bC
OApeljeHe pa;1He oncpaL\l1je) pmllLInalb)je CC l-Ja eneMel-lTapHe
CPYHKLJ.YlOl-l(ull-le fIOKpeTe. rIPl! TOMC .ic HconXOJ(1I0 H'3BUH1Tl1 H nnalll1pClI'bC
KpCTatba KOjC HeKa!la YKJ'byLlyjC H P83JlWIliTe BPCTC orrm:V!W3aL\ujc Koja
o:VlOryhaBa ;~a CC paUl'mLllbelBLllbC 113BpLUYl Hel jCiJ:H03IIaLIaH Ha'II1H.
C;paTcrfljcKIi HHBO LICCTO BH3YCJ1I-IC CHCTClIle H Col. rIP06J1C.\f
OOWIa/KClbil npcnpCKfl y pa;J,IIOM IlpOCTOpy :VIO/KC ce PCWilgilTU lia
c-rpaTcrujcKoM l-HIBOY HJI!! I'Cl npcnycnnl1 CJlCiJ:el'iCM BHIIJCM IIHBOy.
BUBO YlIpaSJbalha
31J8JJYl3Ylpa ra [1
nOCTlnatbC.
I1PH,\ia 3a;laTilK opjel-lTl1C3H K3 uJcL1,Y.
piunc oncpaw-Ije 1l0TPCOHC 3C1 fbcrOBO
Ha Kpajy Tpc6a HarnaCl1TH .Qa CC Bdil1l-Ja ;:\aHaUll-bHX POOOTCl 3a;':lP}K<lna l-Hl
TaKTWIKOM I-!Y!BOY, MH.L\a CC HI-lTCH3Y1BHO P<l-l13 Hjajy MCTOl\C BelllTaclKC
YIllTeJ1YlreHl1Hjc KOje olVlOryll.ClBujy pCllilJ.nal\Yljy CTpaTerl-ljclwr I-H1BOa. AKO
110CMaTpa:vlO p060T LlHju ynpClBJbfl'lKH OlCTeM paCnOJla>KC W3BPUJHHM
(cepBOCHCTeMCKYlM) H TaKTWIKH!v1 I-IVIBOOM ynp3BJbalba, Ta,Qa 3al\aBal-be 33iJ:aTKa
nO.I.(pa3YMCB3 cnCUHCpl1lIHPaJ-bC Kpe-rarba McxaHH3Mil p06O-fa l1 pa)J.}lOr pe)J(flMa
3aXBaTHOr YP;T)flJa. rlocQ OBHM iJ:pyrHM nO)J.pa3YMeBaMO Hnp, OTBapaIbC H '3aTBapal-be
XBaTaJbKe pOOOTa.
Ko)J. C3BpeMCHl1X HH)J.yCTpYljCKl1X poiSOTa cpe1'ieMu LlBa
npOrpaMl1pal-b3 KpeTal-ba: OCI-IOBHa I-laC!Y!H<l
nporpailU!paFbe BoijelhcM. vtJ(cj8 OBor nUCTynKa je ga cc y q)a3H
06Y'-laBal-ba p060T BOJl.Yl nYTal-bOM Koja ce 33XTeBa llpYl 113BpLUCl-bY 3aiJ:aTK3.
TaJ(a p060T oaMTH H3BPlllCHO KpcTal-be H rrOH8BJba ra y cl}a3fi npaKTwIHor
19-1 'ij)(fIlCI70jJllIIIO U IIpelll()(WjJJlQ cpeeJcTIlU([ II ypef)Clju
pa):\a. OBJ~e pa3JlYlKyjCi'vIO PY'illO eoljel'bC YI 110Cpe,QHO BO!)elbe. PV'1lI0
BOnelbO no.;.(pa3YMeBa iJa '!(meK-Onep,rfOp PY'lflO BO):\H 'laXB~1THH ypdj8j
po60Ta OHaKO KelKO 011 Y npaKTWHlOM pa,]y Tpe6a ,Qa ce Kpcl'le. fIOCPCflllO
Bohelbe je caBpC~;leIIHjH HaYHlI nporpa'VlYlpalba po6o-ra. POGOT ce Kpelie
c;leIlel'lH KO'vWi!;le Koje '!Ol.leK-OnepaTOp 'la:laje nOMoi1y jeWle Bpc-rc
ilaJbHHCKOr ynpaBJbWla. TCKCTVa!ll!O npOrpaMl1palhC nO,Qp;:nYMcea
nporpa'vlCKli je'lHK rIO~IOhy Kora '!OIWK-OnepaTOp KO!VlyHHUHpa ca POOOTOM
H 3azwje My M2lHHnymlll¥lOHi'1 ·laJIaTaK. ,i..(cliIaC jc Y YI!UrpeOH 'JHTaB Wi3
POOOTCKHX npOCpai\,JCKi.JXjC'3HKa pa3m1 ' Ii.JTO!· lIHBOa CJIlJ)KeHOCTl1.
7.2.8 HpnivH::pn npl1MCne paooTa
C.·/UKU 7.3-1. AVf)/().lI{/111WCIII1iju npel!'lo({up{{
POOOTli cY 3a~lefHjJIYl npocTe \WI'JltrlyJIal\YIOlfe
aYTo;vmre. Y cnyLIajemnla Ka;1a pa!ll!!1 npel[MCHl KO)H D.O;Ia3e H:vEUY YBeK Y1CTY ... ~ c
OpYiJeHTaUHJY ,1 n0!10;KilJ IJa TPilUYl Til!W ce OOWIHO iv1O)Ke KOPllCTWHl POOOT npocre
KHliC:YlaTCKe KOl-lCt)Hryp~llU1je (,QO 'lenipH CTcneHa C31060;1e) Kao uno je flpHKa3aHO
lJa C;1.7.34. Me!)YTYli'vl, YKOJIHKO ce !lOpeD llO',II\JI--IOHHpHJbCl 3aXTella H opjcrnam1ja Y
npoCTopy Ta):\a ce 3axTcBajy CJIO)Kel'mju :YlexaHH3:v1H (gO llleCT CTenel1Yl CJlOOOlW).
aJ 8) 6)
ClZUKCl 7.35. llpuMepu npnJ.telie po6ol71u npu nW(()6WbY U 11a.'lemU3Cllfuju
,4vmOMClmU]OGWIU mpCIlICI10Pl7lJIlI cucme.HU 195
Ko;\ onepaI)l-ija naKOBalba PI naneTYl3allHje pOGOT YlHMa npe;IMeTe Cil TpaHcnopTcpa
H cnaJKC HX I-!a [IaJleTY Will y KYTYljy. 06pHYT nocao, Ka)la pOGUT y'sI--IMil flpC,QMCTe
ca nilnaTe H CTilBJhil HX HCl TpaKY, Ha3HB(tMO J~cn:L~cnI3ai~Hjoiv1. l-la CJ1.7.35 npHI\a3aHH cy npHMcpH llaJlennat~Hje Ii JlemUleTWlCll.\lije I IaKeTLl, Bpeha H cl)J!(lwa.
CnVIYHY Yllurpcoy po60Ta Cpcl'lC:lIO H Y npcxpa;v16cllOj IiHj~YCTPI1jli }IIID.YCTPI1jH
ueMeHTCl H KpeLla. H cn.
Ha Co1.7.36 je flpl-iK33illIa LlYI'OMannOBalla KOI'l'rejHepcKLl ,QW3a,111Ua - p060T Koja
paI(Y1 f-lLl )KC;le3HW!KOM TCPMYlIIaJlY YI ayroM,lTH301lallCl MOCHa D.H3amma 3Ll
MaHv!l1ynaUHjy TCLUKHM TepeTH:\l~1.
C:lUKO 7.36. KOllmellcjJClw l/ .HOC/IC! (Jrna.'l1l1j(! K(/() .VlCIlIUlIVilaI!L!Ol{U vpeijoju
EJiCMeHTYI 'la nOBC3HBaIGe, CJl. Bpwe 110BC'3HBcm,C TpaHcnopTepa 3a ,nonpCMY H
oTflpeMY TepeTa. HajBenH f..(eo npeToBapHHx ypel}aja npeACTaBJbajy cneMCHTe 3a
nOBe3HBLlI-he, HI1p. npeToBap Wl Ka,YIHOHa HCl npHje!VIl-IH TpaHcflopTCP nYTeM
BHJGywKClpa. IToivlony MalmnynaTopa YI po60Ta Kao npeToBapHHx ypel)aja nOBe3yjy
ce D.Be nliHYlje TpaHcnopTepa. KOA eJleMeHaTa 3(1 nOBC3HBaI-bC B(l)KH je,QHaKOCT:
QJ =Ql
196 TpaltCnOjJlIlllU 1I npemO(){IjJlla Cpe()cl1lca u ypehaju
Ene:V1eHTH 3a cnajai-bC( Hl--rrerpUJi'rih LIBD}21 , C:1. 7.3 6, ~~pLue Pcn a L(H..i a Koja {J,cCjll1J-lYIUlC K<tII(llJ,HTCT CnCMC! na 3et
Q/+Q2 -t-···+Q;: =Q.
Q
BYllUe
nOBC3YlBalbC
1I5.WJ /vlil?lICI7IPCCiltU II7PWIClloprnep
Cnl7W 7. 38. CU:1100JiU U npu;Hepu e.7e.HelllJ-W Jet cl1ajmbe (Ufl11le?pa:lllu '(cop)
AYl110MamUJOUwni 171pallcIlopnilIU CUCIJ/e.llll 197
]{O.L\ CJICMCH,rra 'la na3ilBajalbeiw'!ljJCpCHw1ja;1IIYl LIBOP) , UL 7.39, KanaL(WrCTv. cv
Mcl)yco6Ho nOBC-3aB}! Yl3pa301vl: Q = Qj + Q:, + '" + Q"
ncr; JltaZlICl71j)(Ulll1f IlIPWIUlOplliep
Q Q
WlJI,!3H
Q Qy / -:::x
(~'~"
C7111W 7. 39. l11C1/U e'-le.Heli/na 3L1 P030uujwbe
YHHBCp3H;lHl1 cneMCI-IT , cn. 7.40, BPWl1 crwjalbc 11 p(3):1BajaI-be SHIllC npaSHllit.
CnlKO 7. 40. YJllf(-!ep3CVl1tU e-,{eMellln
Y J-lapCAHOM TeKCTY tie 611TI1 pa3MaTpaHI1 ypcljajl1 3a pH3ABajat-bc 11 COpTl1paJ:bC
norOAJ-l11 3a npl1MeHy npv. npepaAI1 nOWTaHCKI1X nOWI1JbKl-l. HaIm ce pa)J,l-l 0
196 TPWiCI10P171l10 U IIpemOCapl/{j cjJec)c/1llia u ypeJ}aju
npl1HlJ}lITCKH HCTH'V! ypeljajwvra, 3001' 3J-lilyaja ypeJ:jaja 'la COpTHpaIbe, OHH cy
H'ltlBojemi y nOCeOHY rpyny jcp ooc36etjyjy BeJIHKe l«maWfreTe pc13J1Bajrl1-ba UlTO
01lrOBapa ,aXTeBYiiv!a KOjH ce jaBJbajy y P06HOM nOLUTaIICKOr,! ca06pallajy.
7.3.1 Pa3LU3aja'IH TepeTa
Y OIlY rpYlly cnaWljy ypetjajH 3a pa3,UBajaibe ca 3aycTaBjb~lIbeM TepeTa npH npOfYleHH np<lt\lJa KpeTaIbil. 360r 'laYCT<1B;bcll-ba TepeTl1 IGmal,flTeTH pa3tlBajaiba cy
OOfFIHO .vlillbH Oil 1000 kom/h.
DOMo11Y OBHX ypet)~ja ce BpUlH npl'v'-"Ja npaBua KpeTilfb<l TepeTa 3a 90°. CJl. 7.4; .
ll.Ba "lailUCl (v!;lH KJ1HI-JClCTa KaHilla) ce Mory nO~lH3aTH H cnYUlTClTH H3Ha)1 lej HCnO)1
HHBoa TpaHcnopTepa, Koje l1oBe-3yjy. LIflMe ce Bpilll1 npeY3l1Mal-be TepeTa H npOMeHa
npaBua KpeTaeba 3a 900. DpH KpeTaH>y TepeTa no TpaHcnopTepy 5, C:l. 7.4 L Oil
HarUla3H Ha rpal-ll1'-lHHK KOjl1 r3 3aycT3Bfba 113l-lat] nm-I'-laCTOr Tpm-lCnopTepa KOjfl je
HeUlTO I1cno,U HHBoa BaJbaKa Tpal-lCnOpTepa A H b. Y TOM TpeHyTKy ce ,Uo6l1ja
CHnJa,l 3a I13t]H,al-l>e H 110KpeTm-be naH'-laCTOr TpaHcnopTepa KOjH npe6auyje TepeT
Ha TpaHCI10pTep A.
E
CJnlKCt 7.41. IIpeycMepuoCllbe 110,'\lOflY ()CffbKClCmO-J1Cl1PlGCI7JUX pa3()c;ajC!'tu
KOPHCTH ce H sapl1jmrra T3B. KOIITm-!y~J1Hor Jlal-l'-laCTOr nOTHCKI1Ba'-la KOJa
npet]cTaSJba naHyaCTH Tpc\HCnOpTep, ca )J,Ba rypaL!a (3y6a) Koja 3axBaTajy TepeT H
rypajy ra Hcnpe)J, ce6e TaKO )J,a ce Ha oBaj Ha'-lHH H36eraBa nurpe6a 3a !-I3)J,!-I3al-beM
nmmu.a.
AymoJllamU:](J(Jwlu mpallC170jJillilU Clicme.l1U 199
OflpTHI! CTOJIOBH
Ha cn. 7.42a .ie npl1KC13aH 06PTlHi eTO ca SClJbKaCTl1M cer:VIC!lTOM KOJH 'vlO>Ke na nOBe}Ke Bl1I11e TpaHCI10pTepa ca p,nml ' Il1Tl1M IIpaBLU!Ma. ll.Y>KHHa 06pnlOf
cerMeliTa 3ClBl1Cl1 0)1 ojY3l-lJ-ie KpeTCl!bi! TepeTa. MilKCHiVIaJlllO nOTpe61!0r YrJIa
'll1Kpenllba 11 6p-3I1He 06PT'llb(\. lela eJl. 7.426 ce Byqe enervleHTH B,Ub!([\CTOr 06pTI!or
YCMepl-lBC1YC1 Cit 3aycT:tBfb,lIbCM Tepe-ra p,tJI1 npOMeHe npaBua j-.:peTmba. Ha CII.
7.42B ce Mory yO'l~1TI·1 KpallH BaJbUl-l LIliMC ce 06e36el;yje 60Jbl-l npfiXBaT
TpaHCnOpTOB(UWr iVlaTC[ifijana Maroflxt]'1~lclnHja. KOPYlCTC ce KOf~ TpaHcnopTHl'!X
CfiCTeiYla ca peJIaT!1bHO iVla.~HiVl KanaUHTeTH'V!a.
K<lO OOJlliK OOPTHHX CrCj'i')Ba JaBJ'ba ce peUlel-be ca OOPTIlHM
nO.]fna'leM, Col. 7.42 r.
a) 6)
c) ?)
C'IUlW 7.42. 06pl1l1-1u eQjbJ-.:Clcmu YCMepUea'-lU
200 7j7UllcllOpmll{[ II npCmO(WpJlU cpccJcmuo u ypeljaju
Ha KOJHH![1M2t CC H,U[a'3H CerMellT Ba,-bKaCTOr TpaHCrrOpTCpa KOjY! CJlY)KH '3a
IlOBC'3l-1BaJ-bC (rIper-OBap) BHIlle napanem-1O rrOCTaBJbeHI1X TpaHCIIopTcpa, C;L 7.4Ja,6.
Ba KO;lI1L(HMa CC Mo)KC ilOCTaBI1TH Yl HCKH ;~pyrl-l ypcljaj 'Jet llpeTOBap KilO llnp_
p060T, Col. 7AJ 13_ 'IYlMC ce 06e36eljyjc Be:li1Kit CllJlCKCHGWIlIOCT !lpH npC'l'oBapy_
a)
6)
C'nfl.:a 7. 43_ YJ/ueep':JaJlI-Iu ypel;aj 'W p(l'JOeojwbe
OBl-l ypcljajH nOBc3yjy TpaI-!CnOpTCpe KOjYl cc Hana3C Hit pa3JlWlYlTHM HHBOHMa (.Ll.Ba
.Ll.O TpH HHBoa)_ Ha CJl_ 7.44a jc npI1Ka3aHa IlPHHL(HIlCKa IllCMa pa3.Ll.Baja'-la 3a TpH
Hl-lBoa. Ha CIL 7.446,B je npHKa3au CenyleUT BaJbKaCTOr TpaHcnopTepa rAe ce
AYI1/0M017/U':J()(fWIU II1JHIJICIlOpn71lu ClIcmC_HU ]O!
w.\;u·naI-be-cnYlLITaI-be Bpum lIyre'Vl nI!eYM(lTCKOr L(HJIHlwpa. I-13Av13aI-be l-1
cnYlUT(ll-be CerMelITa BaSbKaCTor' -rpaIIcnopTepa ce ;VlO)Ke H3BPWHTH H l-la .upyrc
lIUYHHe; UeKJ.-l Of( I-hHX cy npHK213311yj H3 cn_ 7.44I',;( r;(t ce npOi',ftHa BHCHHe Bpum
npeKO 6YOiba H 'ICJ1WllHH y)IG1;HI OJUiOCIlO TpaKaCTYlX KaylUJeBa_
a) 6)
(i) ?)
Cn/K([ 7. 44_ CI1!!ljUjCUlllu uep"wKC/.wU pO'joaojaLIU
OBH ypel)ajH HM3jy CPYHKL(Hjy 3aAp)KaBal-ba TepeTa, l-berOBOr caKYfIfbaI-ba
(oApel)eHl1 6poj TepcTa) I1 I-berOBOr pa3Z(Baj31-b3 Ha Of(roBapajyl'iH pa3MaK npei\.la
ynpaBfbaLIlWM nporpaMy ,na 6H ce I1'3BpWHJ1a Of(peljeHa npHnpeMHa OnepaL(Hja 3a
peanH33Ll,I1JY TeXH0J10WKOr npouec3 HJ1H 3a ynywTal-be TcpeTa Ha nmmjy
TPaffCnopTa no 3aXTeBal-IOM paCnOpe.LiY _ fIpWyleHOM OBHX ypel)aja Aona3H AO
aKyMynHpaI-b3 - nycpepOBaf-ba TepeTa Ka.ua TpaHCnOpTl-IH CHCTeM Hrpa ynory
202 TpaIlCIl0j!lJllI(l II npemOCOp!W cpeocmca II ypeljaju
rrpOTOLIHor CKJIaL\I1WTa. Y 1I0WTaMa cy nOrO,QHI1 'lCl npUMeHY '3aYCTaBJbaLJI1 ca BaJbKaCHiM TpaHCllOpTepHM(1.
Y npUKCI1 ce rrpHMell,yjy LIsa npHHUHna npfl '3aYCTllBJbCllbY TcpeTa. A 1(0 je TenG-Ula
Tcpna Bena O,QHOCHO aKO ce 'laycretBJba BellH 6poj repcTa (nycjJep) OII;1a CC BpUHl
3ayeTaBJ1,al-he B,UbaKCl err WH'l 6e:l rpal-lwilif1IW, a YKonHKo ce pam! 0 naKilHlM
TCpeTI1Ma T3,Q3 ce OIl 3aycTaBJba 6C3 3aycTilBcbilJ'ba B,UbaKil y3 I<.iIH3illbe Hil OCJIOHWvI
BCljbW1MCl. HClLiHH 3ayeTilBJbillJ.>il TepcTa lICl rpaJ-IHLilll1qU,v](l 6e3 3aycTaSJbHlba
HocellHX eneMeHaTa LleC-l"O ce KOPI1CTH KOf~ nnOLIaCnlX TpaHcnopTepa KOjl"! ce Beo"w
'-Ieno KopHcre y npexpaM6eJIOj, xe"IHjcKoj HmI c!JapMaucYTcI<oj HlUYCTPHJ11 ,'JIH HHje KajX1KTepHCTHyaH 3a npHlvlel'le y nOWTa:VIa.
Ha eJl. 7.45 je npHKa3aH np!1HU!111 paJla 3aycTaBJbacIa. Y OSOM cnYLIajy norOHCKa
TpaKa yL:l:1 KTlHHaCT!1 KaHW (3) nrXKC' qlpHKWIOiHlX BaJbClKa (1) nyr~M TPCi",l
norOHH SaJbKe TpaHcnopTepa (2). AKO i1of;e ,QO 3aycTaBJbaI-ba -repcTa IIa
rpaHHYHHKY, nOT!1CKyje cc nOJIyra ca C!JpUKUHOH!1M BaJbUH,\!a UlTO Y3POKYJC
3aycTailJbaJ-be BaJbaKa TpaHcnopTcpa cse !.(OTSlC ).(01( ce He YKJ10HH npeflpeKa (rpmH1YI!l1K).
ern/KG 7.45. ]]PWllfU/1 J(lycmO!cbOlbG IJIcpcmo II (-i(libWW
Ha en. 7.46 je npHKa3aH rrpI1HUH!I pa~\iI ynywT,Fla-pa3,QBajaY3 TepCTa ca ,QBa
rpaIlwlHHKa. 3aycraSJbalhC H pa3).\Bajar-be TepeTa 6e3 3aycTilBJbal-bil 06pTal-ba
B8fbaKa ce BpU1l1 npeKO i1Ba rpaHwlI-IHKa rrpH yeMY ce rpaHHYHHUH nOMepajy
nporpaMcKH Hajclewne nYTeM nHeyrvIaTCKI1X UHJlHH,Qapa.
AYIlIOMonnUOC(l1i1i I7IPW!CIIOj!lJllIL! Clicme.llU ]03
aj 6)
c'nllw 7 . ../6. TPWIU'IIIUlfli (XG{I!1W'luj 11lepelllLl ca GO!he (aJ u co oOlflle cmpolle (6)
7.3.2 YpeijajH 3acopnipalbc
Kao UlTO je HanOMellYTO, OBH ypef;ajl1 Ilpe,UcTaSJbajy ypeT)aje 3a pa3f(I3ajaI-be a
H3,QBojel-m cy y noce6HY rpyny jep cy OLI rroce6!-lOr HHTepeca 3a npHlV£eHy y
IlOlllTaMa, cn. 7.47, 3a pa3BpCTilSal-bC l"mC8Ma, naKCTa H spena npervw ,QOCT<lSHHM
a,Qpeca'YICl.
C'IU7W 7.47. TPCIlICI10pmllu cucme,·j1 co ypeijojuMa 30 COpl1lUpalbe
OSU ypeJ:jaju yrnaBHoM rrpegCTaBJbajy KOM6uHaLu:!jy OCHOBHUX enei\leHaTa ypel)aja
HerrpeKH,QHor TpaHcnopTa H Mory ce KJlaCHCpHKosaTH npeMa KOM6mJal.(l1jl1 rnasHor
TpaHcnopTepa H CKpeTHor ypel)aja npe:vla Col. 7.48.
201
TP,'V(ACTII
- ca pOJ1HHl~aMa
IlIIIl naTLUHMR
- ca C'KpeTHHlIa."fCl
I! rypa'IllMa
BHCETiH
- J e,'.1HOUIllHCKH
- )J.BOUIHHCKll
TpallCJ7Upmfl(1 U IIpemO/WpllU CpeOCI7l(W U JIJehaju
I YPET)AJH 3:\ COPTIIPAlbE I I
I1JI<YL\ CTn
- KIll1 copTepll (.frZt.lHe.II(tc1IL LUKOJhKaC1H,
ra.ne60SCl. Kpllna) - 3I·m enp [epa
i ~ ca rpm":OM I~_- . _________ _
OCTA.'10
- cKpenll1ue
- ca rpa ... '\.Ol""l
- ca .e;'UbUIlMH
~-----~
- no:rnCKllBwlH-rypa'lll
- eJltKfpH'IHe BHcene na1e - eneBal1I!OHll COpT epH
CUIKCl 7. -18. KWC'{f(j!lIIW[!lIjO vpebajo Ja copmUJ7C11(,e
Tpal(aCTO-Ba~'hl;:acnl (POP - UP) COpTCpn
QSH copTepH ce KopVlCTe 3a pa:mpcrCle,lIbC KOM<lJl1I0r fvWTepl1jana!.Io 7000 k0171 / h. 113Mel)y ;(Ba Tpal!CnOpTepa A VI B, cn. 7.50.6, cy nOCTClBJbCHI1 B3JbLJHIIH (!.IHCKOBI1)
KOJH cy y fHmo)' TpaHcnOrrrep3 ,.J H B aKO CC BplllH TpallClmpT y IlCl3IHIGCI'"!(")"M,------
IlprlBUy. Y cnYL[ajy COpTHpa!ba, BaJb'-!HhH ce npeKO !1HeYMaTCKor LH1J!HllI.\jJCl
3aKpehy 11 vJ3[(l1)KY OKO 3 mm H3Ha;:( )-II1BOa TPaJlcllopTepa. BaJb'lY111H cy ryMY1pallY1
H IJOl'mbeHH npeKO oKpyrmiX peMellOBil. Mel)YBi!Jbi!K D Hi! 60LIIlOM TpallCri0pTepy
Tpe6a !.Ii! je normbCH uno ,[-laTHO nO!vJa)Ke npcycMcpaBi!l-by. Y rao CKpeTalt,a ce
[(pelle OLL 300.7 600. i3p'3HHa BaJvIHl1a I1pH COpTHpaJby H3110CH 2-0-2,5 In / s npU'leMY
ce Mory pa3;:(BajaTH KOMClL(H KOjH ce npaKTu'IHO l-IClJ133e jeJ-\aH Ilope;~ ,LLpyror.
YnpaB.rbafbe 3aKpeTaJhcM BaJbLIHlia ce BpllIH H3 OCHOBY KO)U-!l1X 03W1K3 Kao H KO,LL OCTaJ1HX copTepa.,
Aytll(HramUW)(iaJIU tllpmlCl1o/Jllllll1 ClIC17I1!.llU ]05
6"'~ !
"'
A J~ [",II B '" '1" ~.
jlliiL .. '-j It
a)
B) ?)
()) ij)
C!IU1W 7.19. TpmwCl7l0-(fWbJ{aClrlU cupmepu
2(}6 Tp(mcnojJliJ/{(1 1I IIpCrn(){!C/f!IW CPCcJC71l()u U ypcfjuju
!lope;; TpaKaCrO-B<UbKaCTHX cO[Jrepa KO)l TpaKaCTI'lX Tpal-ICllopTepa ce '3(1
copTHpmbC BeOMa yeCTO KopHCTe l'ypaLfl-1 H CKpeTIHwe, Ha Cfl, 7,50 llpHKa3aHH cy
Tpal«ICHI copTepIi ca rypa'HlrvIiL CJL 7.S0a H CKpeTIlHuafYW, Col. 7,506.
a) 6;
C'IU/,C! 7.50, Tpw{([cl7lll COpl1lCpU C({ cF:penIllUL!a~/(; l.f ;>ypa'lliMu
OBf1 copTepH ce npHMelbyjy TaIwtje y enY'lajeSyiiVIa KaL\a ce nOCTaSJbajy eKcTpeMHH
'laXTeBH y llOI-;lCAY KallelUHTeTa jep Mory Del OCTBape COpTtipaJ-be H AO
15000 kOfll / h. Ha cn. 7.52 je npHKa3aH H3rIleJJ, nHf-mje ca Kl1TI-copTepHlvIa.
COpTHpaH>e ce BpLlHl jCJJ,HocTaBHo 60'lHHM 3aKpeTl!f-beM (KHnoBaJ-beM) llnO'll!.
TInocle ce Hana3e Ha HocetmM eJleMeHTHMa ca TO'lKOBHMa KOjH cy llose3aHH
Metjyco6Ho y jeJJ,aH "flaJ-IaU" a H>HXOBO nOKpeTaH>C cc SpWH AHpeKTHo npeKo
JfHl-fHjcKor norOHa HflH HHAHpeKTHo npeI<O naJ-Iua KOjH je Be3aH 3a CBaKH cerMeHT
HOCaLIa. "KHnOB3l-be" Ha DecBY HnH neBY CTpaHy ce BPWl1 npeKo nonyre Koja Ha
Kpajy HMa Man-leT. HaHnaCKOM Ha MeCTO Kl1nOBaH>a aKTHBl1pa ce efleKTpOMarHeT
npeKO ynpaBJba4KOr CHCTeMa 4HMe ce BpWl1 IlOMepaH>e lloflyre H "KHllOBaH>e"
TepeTa Ha neBY Holl1 DeCHY CTpaBY.
AymUMaJ71U30(JCIIIU I7IP{IJICI!UpmIiU ClIcme,1!U 2U7
Y 3aBHCHOCTH Oil oonHKil Hocel\er C:leMe!-rra p,\3nHKyjy CC JJaMCJlaCTYl copTepl1. cn.' 7.5], UlKOJbKaCTH eOpTepYl ea n"-lO'IGlMGl. CJl. 7,52 H copTepH ca Hoca'lHMa y OOJlHKY
rllJIeOOBHX KpHmL cn. 7,53,
KoJl, "UIKOJ1,KaCHlx" Knl1 copTepa Tcpel' CC, CmlYHO Kao VI KOJj rUIO'IaCTHX
TlxlHcllopTepa '3a pacYTe TcpeTe 1l0eTaBJbil npeKo BHUle flJlOLJa. LIH'Vle je O;IClKLU3H
yrosap. Ha MeCTY pa3flBajal'ba ce yllpaBJbalbeJ\! IIpeKo Bof)Hl\a 3ilKpCl1y C21fYIO
naMene Ha Koj!1fYJa.ie Oc.10}beil TepeT. KarraUHTC'T' pa3fl!3ajalNl OBe BpCTe copTepa je
HeUlTO ,'vIal-Ml Hero KOD OCTan}IX Kl:111 coprepa H Kpene ce flO ]2000 kom/h.
CIUlW 7. 5 r TIjJ1I7;(J] ;l(I,lle.'ICICJnO? R1IlJ cOjJrnepa Ul OCllOGJlll.ll e,'le,lICll17llL1W
KOfl "lllKOJbK3CTH:,{" Kl:1TI copTepa Hocel1H enCMeHTll cy paBHe l1ml Ha KpajeBHMd
;VIano casHjeHe llnOLle. Ha csaKY 1lJ10'lY ce llaj'lcwl1e nOCTaBJb<l jeJl,alI TepeT TaKO Ail
"yroBap" Ha TpaHCnOpTep 3aXTeBa ypef)aj 3a ynym]'(ube aJIH je 3aTO pa3BpCT<lSaH>e
3HaTHO nOrD)JHHje Hero KO c" ~1aMeJlaCTHX KHfI copTepa jep ce SpU1H HCTOBap
jeDHocTaBHO Han1H>aI-beM jeL\He nnO'-le ca TepeTOM.
:l08 TpaIlCl70]J77l1tU u npemO(w{Jlta cpeOCl1m[{ Ii ypeijaju
0)
6) 6)
2)
C7UKa 7.52. 1hz.rleo II c)ema.!bu "UlKO.!bKaCIllO(, " KHJl-coplnepa
AynlO.~1ClInU:W(fCIHl/ IIIjJwlcnOpiJllIU Clicme.14U 209
Ha Cll. 7.53 je np¥!Ka'3ClH KYll1 COpTCp Cel IIOC3LJI1!VIa Y o6nHKY r3nc6011Hx Kp,1J13
KO)¥! .Je BeOMa nOrO)laH '3a p,r3BpCTaBaibC l!y]c,'v]Ol-lOCHHX nOUlHJhlGL npH 'leMY ce
HCToBap HajYeLulle BpUlH HCl rpalHnlllHIOHe KJH13lHlUC nOCTaBJbCHC y HH3Y ca je;lHe
H )lpyre CTpaHe Tpal!Cl!OpTepa.
I-Hoca'! TepcTa.
2-()COBI1Ha HOC~1'-13,
3-HocchH cry6.
4-0COBHH<' iiocehHX
TOLlKOBa.
5-BY1HlH cne;Vlelrr.
6-HocaLJ ca
130DHl.J,a:VJa :m ByLJ!lH
naf-IaU,
7-Bol)Hue Hocel1Hx
TO'IKOBa
CflUlW 7.53. KHIJ - copmep ca 1I0CU'{U.1/{/ y o6:nl/(y 2Cl'te6oiil/X "pu.'lCI
3.Hn - COpT\'~PH
OBaj CHCTeM copnlpaFba je npWv]eHJbHB Y YC.10B11Ma lICnpcKH)lHOr TOKa KOMa.JHor
MaTcpHjana penaTI1BHO BemIKor KanaLJ,I1TeTa (/.\0 7000 kom / h). Kao OCHOB3 enY)KH
IIJlO'laCTl1 TpaHenopTep ea f10npe'lliO I10MepJbllllHM 11J10'IYll..l,a:VJa KOJe Bpwe 60YHO
nO~lepal-be TepeTa Ha Tpar!CnOpTepy, Cfl. 7.54.
CnlJ{u 7.5-1. JlpuMepu 3J.11J -copl1lepu
]10 TPClIICI10pmllU II npellWlmpl10 Cpel)C17I1W U ype/jaju
nOMepaI"c nnOLIHl\a ce BpUHI npeKO ynpaBJl,HBYIX BoljfJU3-KJlH'l3LJil Koje ce HaJJa3e
HClIO,Q pa;.we f10BpUHlHe Tpal·IcnopTcpil. Y "3aBI-ICIlOC'n1 01-\ 0~1pe:1HUlTii hlCCTil 3a
YCMepaBillbc) Koje jc oJ1peijeHo K0J1110M O'lHC!KOM tiC! TpaHcnopTHoj jeiJ)1HHlIH BPWH
cc YlJpaBjb3J-be ca Bol)HUa\li! TilKO WI jc ,VlilTepHJ,UI lIa Kpajy llpOllcca TpaHcnopTOBalba copnlp,IlI npe\ta nOCTClBjbeliOM 3ilxreBY, Ha en, 755 je npY1Ka3JII
Y13r;lc~IjC,Ltlle !lHllYIjC 3(1 copnlpillbC ea 3i/lrI-copTepHM'1.
Y LIa ce OJ1pCflHwTa - H'3mrm Immne Ha o6e crpillie copTepa Mopa ceo npe
.LlOJI(lCIGl - YToBapa TCpeT<l (naKeTa) Ha copTep. H3BplllHTYI nOMepaH,e fUlOLIHWl Ha
Jt;.rClfl HJHl J1pyn1 KPClJ fLIOLIa y 3ClBHCHOCTH O,Q ![1)J1aTaKa ca:;pfl:aHHx y 6ap KO)1Y
naKeT<l Koje npOYHTa ypel)aj KOj:lce Hana3H I1cnpeJ1 yJIa33 lla oGaj cOFrep,
C'lUKC! 7.55. JfwllIja 'JC! cOj7I1lUpWbe C(I 3Hll-cojJmeplLHa
OSH copTepH ce TaKol)e npHMCl-byjy y cnY1.JajcBHlYla COpTl1paJb3 BeJ1l-IKHX KOIlHLIHHa
KOMa)::(HOr MaTepl1jana (J10 17000 kom / h). ITPHHI-\y!n pa!.(a je H.uCHTHLIaH C3
nnO LIaCTH:V1 Kpyi!\HHM Tp3HcnopTepHMa (J(npycen), npl1 LIeMY cy HocenH eJleMeHTI1 y
06;l!1KY nJlOLIe 3ClMel-bCHH Kp3TKHM TpaKacTHM TpclHcnopTcpHMa LIHje jc KpeTal-bC
oMoryncHo y nOnpeYHOM npaBIW y o.uI-lOcy H3 OCHOBHO KpeTal-be TpaHcnopTep3. l-1a
MecTY pa3J1Bajmba ce YKTbYLIyje norOl-1 KpaTKOr TpaKacTor TpaHcnopTepa 11 H3 Taj
HaLIHH ce TepeT YCMepaBa nOJ1 yL~OM o.u 90° Ha .upym npaB3u, Ha cn. 7.56 je ,LtaT npHKGG OBaKllHX copTepa.
AVI710:Ha17IU:W(!mIU mp{fIIC110pnlllU CllCme~\1U 21I
HocenH CJIeMel-IT - KonHWl Ha KOjHM3 ce I-Iamrm nonpeLIHH TpaKaCTH Tpal'lcnopTep
ce j·WJl<13e Uel TOLIKOBH!VIa H Mel)yco6Ho cy nOBe3Gllla. IToKpcT31'Le KOJHII-\a ce BPWH
npeKO flHl-lHjcKor norOllCl a IIOKpeTaJ'be TpaKe nonpeLI!'lOr TpaHcnopTepa nYTeM
!VIOTopa jeL\lloc,\lepHe crpyje (3ace6liH norowl 3a CllaKH nonpeLIHH Tp3HcnopTep),
H3najalbc H ynpaBJbalbe (cMep H 6p3HHa KpeTCll-ba TpaKc) TpaKaCTHX TpalicnopTepa
ce BPWH npeKO KnH3HHX BO!)HI-\a 11 O)lY'3HMaLta crpyje KOjH Hanajajy jeJ1HY rpyny
KOJ1HI-\a - TpaHcnopTcpa ()lO 10 KOM,). MaKCflMa;lHa 6p'3l-1Ha KpeTaJ-ba KOJlllI-\a ca
Tpal-lCnOpTepoM je 2,5 III / S, a :VIaKClI;VlClJlWl TeiKHlJa TcpcTa KO,Q OBf1X copTepa Je
50kK·
Ko)]' OBI1X ypel)aja ce BPWH 3aKpeTafhe TepcTa 3a 30° O)],HOCHO 45°, KaKo H y OBOM
CJ1YLJajy He .uOJla3H J10 3aYCTaBJbal"a TepeTa Ben ce fherOBO npeYCMepaBal-be BPWH y TOKY KpeTaf-ba oMoryneHo je nOCTH3afhe KanaUHTeTa ,LtO 5000 kOI1l / h, llPllJ1HKOM
npOMeHe npaBua BPWH ce H3J1H3al"C CKpCTl-le TpaKe Y O,LtI-IOCY l-la I-ll-1BO BaJbKaCTOr
TpaHcnopTepa. Ha cn, 7.57 je npHKa3al-la OBa BpCTa copTepa.
212 7j!ClllcJ1ojJlilila II IlpenZOGOplta cpec)clJleo u ypehuju
(;nllm 7.57. B(J/bl':'OCIilO-ll1jJCIlWClIlli cupmcpu
0)
C·nll,·a 7. 58. BCLblwcmu mjiOlIC170pmep: 0) f{'1U3110 cl:peIJIIIU1!u. 6; mpwwclllu
Cf{pemlllllfu ca 1l0?OIZO,lI
a) 6)
C.'IlIKa 7. 59. TPaJ(GICI7IU mpWICl10pl7lep: a) KflU:JIW CKpenIJ-1U1fa. 6) I7Ipw.:.aCl7lo
CKpell1llWfCl ca 110?OliOi'vi
AYJ710MUJJnI:JOeUIIlI 771jJOllcllopmHu Clicme.HlI 213
YC:VlepHBi1 l IH npHK<l3QHH lin CJI. 7.59a cy KJ!<lCH'lml 101H3HH YCvlCPHSQ'Ui (IWjH
O;lrOEQpajy I1CToBap!lOM ypel)ajy TpaK<lCTHX TpaHclloprcpa). 3601' OlafbClba TPClb<l
TcpeTa Ii "'11<1CKC" CKpeTHHue Ii Cc[JHKaCl-ll1jcr yCMcpaSClI-ba flOCTaS:bajy ce
nOI'OfbeHH KpaTKH TpallcnopTcpH ca ,YII'laCTHM ,11m J(JIHHaCTH:Vl KaHlllOM O):(flOCHO
rpaI\oM, en. 7.596. KanaLly[TeT l);nf~BajaJba OBl1X eopTepa ce Kpehe ,'10 2500 kom/h, a YI'!lOSfI CKpCT,Uba 0)( 30° ,'(0 45u
.
C!lH'!flO Kao H KO;:\ TpaKaCnlX copTepa H KO,'l IlClJbKaCTHX ce SCOMa 4eCTO KopHCTe
nOTHCKHIla41i O!J)-lU(:HO rypa'lH, cn. 7.60, IIp!1 "·ralbH'Vi a Kan:tL\,;'; "c liM JC L\O 1200 kom / h . CKpeTQl-be je 1a 900.
CWf{a 7.60. !l0Il1UCK1I60'1 co peeep'JuowlIlU.H KpelJlWbe)lI
OBH ypcryajH C1H'lllO Kao CJICBaUvlOlJYl pa3:~saja'IH )a)~aTaK I(a nOBelKY
TpaHcflopTcpe KOjvl cc IJaJICl'3C Hil pa3j1HLIHTHM HHBOHMa. KaWll(HTCT pa3)\SajaH,a jc
l\O 2500 kom/h. HeL\OCTaTaK y O.L\flOCY Hn OCTane copTepc HM .ic L\a ce pa3/\Ilaj<ll-be
M())Ke EpUlHTYl CelMO Ba ABa )1,0 TpH HvlIlOCl. KOHCTpYKuHje OE!1X yperyr0a cy seOMa
pa3f1H4HTe H npHflaroryej·!e J(OHKpeTllOj IlaMeHH. Ba cn. 7.61 cy llpHKa'3aHCl Moryila
npHHU!1n~eflHapeWel-baOBHxypery~a.
HI Tpa1lCIlOjJJ711l0 u npemO(WpW! cperJC17l(;a u ypehoju
~' ..
Cn.lKCl 7. 61. EW(JOljUOIfU (.t!jJmepu
KaKo je 6poj H¥lBoa KOjl1 ce Ha oBaj IJaLIl.Jll nOBe3yjy o6l1'mo L\Ba ,!J1H TpH, perye
BHwe~ OBaKBH ce yperyajH Mory KOPHCTHTH Imp. 3a npeApa3BpCTaBafbe OJ\HOCHO
rpy60 pa~lBpcTaBm-be nOWTaHClUiX nOLllHfbKH.
7 YnpaSJbafbe TpaHCI.l.0pTHliM Ii npeTOSapHliM r .
ypelJ3JliMa
Aa 6H ce o6e36eJ'lHnH aYToMaTcKH TOKOBH MaTepHjcLia pU3BHjen Je KOlvllIJTeKCaJI
CHCTe,,! ynpaBJ1,afba KpeTmhc;vl wlaTepvIjana KOjH 6a3y]pa j-Ia pa3Melll1 11]-l(llopMal(Hja
IBMeDY ynpaBJ'DacrKor nporpaMa H CHCTe[l,1a 3a I1HJ\el-ITl1c!lHKal(l-Ijy TepeTa.
HajgmKHHjH CJIe:VleHTl1 CHCTeMa HHJ\el-ITHcpHKallHjc, CJi. 7.62, cy:
yperyajl1 3a OLf!1TaBaf-bC OCI-IOBHHX Hllc\JOp:\lal(aja (alwece)
yperyajH 3a KOAH]JGlf-be H AeKO!tHpaf-be
caCTeMH 3a npeHoc H npeAajy HJ-l(jJOpMal(Hja l1 ynpaBJbal-be aKTyaTopHMa
AymOJwamli30eaHU mpaHcnopmHU cucmotlu 215
(TJ)
.TOK MaTep:uj8JIa Ii HH<pOpIvlcillJIJa
~kr;:rp. 3aY3el1e ht<;;Mopnje)
CR. 7.62. E7eJweHmu u{)eHmurPuKGliUOHOZ cucme]vta
Ha cn. 7.63 je J\aTa I<J1acHQlHKaUHja H,n:eHTHqJHKaUHOHoHX CHCTeMa apeMa BpCTt!
ceH30pa HJIll BpCTH Hoca"!a HHqJOpMaUHja.
I MexamP-lIm, ,
8rrORTpOMeXmrrP-IK!! i - KOill8RTIIH (6per, I
'lliRlrj e. JIJIlv!eHa I I - IlHiJYKTllBIDI i TPaKa II
l- KaTIa:o;IITIIBHll
I I1PHHIJ)lITH H,I\EHTH<DIIKAQIUE i I
I ll\fill---nenITt J ChrrnuuO-eJIeKIpOHCKH
[ - MarHeTHe l(apTe I -6ap 1(0):(
I -TP81(e I - OCR - 60je
- 06JTIlII;U
- gOTKO):(
- rpac\JwIKH cITM60IDr
I I EJleKIpOHCKe rvrelvwprrj e I I I _ PROl\I I -EPROMiRAM I I (Hporpml1a6wllill) I
CRUKQ 7.63. IG7QCurPuKmiuja uoeHmurjJuKGlJUOHUX cucmeJ'v!a
MeXaml'IKII HJUI! eJIeKTpOMeX3HII'I,ClI CliCTeMH H,ll;eHTHtPlIK3lJ,Hje KopHCTe
MexaHlFIKe eneMeHTe, Kao llITO cy 6per, 'lHBHja, JlliMeHa IpaKa, KOHTaKTe H KaI1illl,IlTHBHe
l1Jlli HH,LJyKI11BHe AaBa'le KaO 6mmpHe Hoca'le l'llicpopMilll,Ilja 3Haqaj OBor H)J,eHrl1cp~oHor CHCIeMa je jaKo orrao 360r }heroBe po6YCHocrn, Mane KOnH'lHHe HHcpopMal\uja,
3aXTeBa 3a BeOMa 6m:lClGlM KOHTaKTHMa H perraTHBHO BHCOKHX TpOlliKOBa.
216 Ij)UItCI70]!17IJlU II ll]!emO(!Op"a cpe()cI7lCL! If ypehuju
ManlCTllH
MilrHCTCl\O nOJbC jc)])!or 11J111 BHLUC ncp!'&lHClrrHYiX !'&IIHCTil liJUi ivlaI'HCTH3ylpaHHX TpaKCl.
M,u'flcnm Bile11THC\mi(,U.\HOIIH CI1CTC:VlH KOP!1CTC CC PCTKO Y CHCTCl'vH1Ma TOKa
300r ,aXTClla .L\a cc I1L\CHTHC!mKaUI101H1 CJlCMCIlTI1 HZUla'3I1TH rm
MaJIOM pacTojaJhY 0iJ, TCPCT[l OL\lIOCJlO YCJlOll:L<lbajy Bo])eUjC TepCTa Y YCKHM
Tonepmlullja"l[l, IbllXOBEI GI,UlHa 06nacr lipiiMCIIC jc y noc.nOBliMa (EC-Kaprc
mjl.).
H!~ellTIHIHIlGlUHOm! CHCTCM1l3avIC:\IOPHjy YIHcjlOp,\lauHja
](OpHCrC ooje, pecpneKCHC MapKepe. rpacjlHLIKC CHMOOJlC. JIHHHjCKI1 HJIl1 gO'1'](O)..(.
~ld)aja '3a O'lHIOBal'bC 1«10 WTO cy:
onOBKil. naccpCKa KaMepa Will CCD-KaMcpe. Orrroe;lcKrpOl!CKl1 liJWI1THCpHKaUHOHYl cycreM
Cel ilHIIHjcKHM-6ap KO!..(OM, KetO HOCaLJC~j l'IHcllOp~l,u.\lija je paCllpOll]JCUI..Cl-l (70,}() T[I)KYlUna) llapOL[Hm '3601' YBCll,CHe CT(U·lll.apLlH~U\Hjc KOJ~O&l LUYlPOM CBera.
EJ1CInpOllClW - eSICKTpOMal'lICTIiH HLlCHTIH!Jl1KaUHOHli CHCTCilHI 3a MCt;WPHjy
KopHcrc C,1CKTpOHCKe ivlCgYljC KilO IIOCa'le HllljJopMaUl1ja. J..111ljJopMal.\I~C ce npel-JOce oe3
L(O)J}lpa rrOCpe]],CTBOM enelcrpoManlCTCKYlX TaJlaca, 3allHCll0 Og BPCTC MegHja 3a MeMopHjy
pa'3JlYlKyjy CC l-lCnpOMellJHIBO KOgYlpalle 1'38, PROM :VleMopl1je H pcnporpaMaOYlJ1He T3B.
EEPROM/RAM MCMopvIje. PROM MCMOpYlje ;'(ooHjajy Y npmnBOL(lcbH, KO!-l Og BYlwe
UllCpapa, KOjll ce MmKC OLlylT~BaTYl aJ1Yl ce HC MO)Ke :vlCI baTH. MeMOpI1CaI-Ia KOnHLJHl-Ia
nO.L\rrraIGl i'vlmKe, 1\:OA ca,ll,a npHcyTHvlX V1;leHTHl!JYlKaLUIOHliX Cf1CTel\JCl Ba Tp)KHuny. l'l3HOCI1TYl
~10 128 kByt-a 4YlMe je !ly!lllCCTPYKO lBHaT!, MOlynl-lOCm 1\PY111X
YlL\C1ITHCPYlKill.\V10HYlX cHcreMa.
npmll~YlIl II0Ca'-lCl nOgaraKa ca oap KOiJ,OM jc Bpno je;:U-IOCTilgaH. Ha CBCT!lOj fJOBPIlHHIYI
IlOJ!"lorc YlCllpTaBa ce CCT napanemlHX T"iVlHHX ;!!"IHlija. cn 7.64. 3aBHcHo Og BPCTC
KOj.\a HaHOCC ce T(\MliC J1YIlmjc YI CBeum ill(1)ynpocmpn (npa31-IHHe) Pa3.T/Yj4HTHX lllYlpJ.iHa.
fIpYl OYHlaBalbY T3B. CKCIICPWIf fJPOH3B0)1H ce KapaKTCpHCTHyaH pegocncg HMnyJlCa KOjH cc
n eKo;:J,llpajy y paLlympCKYl pa3YiVI.TbYlBC CHrHane (ASCI 3HaKe). CrpYKrypa oap KO;l,a je
CT3I1ilapgl130BaHa. Bnp. oap KOg ce cacrojJ.i O)1;,(BC npa'311C (;vulpHe) '3OlIC, cn. 7.64, C/IlcljJ!ll H
cillon 301m (pa 6H ce ;:XCCllHIIHcao CMCP O'-lHTaBaJ-ba) Yl npoCTopa KOjH ce KOpYlCrH 3a npclloc
HHcpopMaulIja (no/,\aTaKa) y 06.iIW;)I 'JHO/(()CZ1. CBaKl1 3Hal( ce cacrojl1 OA oilpel)ellor opoja
T3MHYlX VI CBt.'TJlllX nOjb(j pa3JlYl'-lYlTC LUHpHHe (1 no 4 Monyna).
AYJ)IO.'HClI71U'JO(JWIU IIlpOilCnOjJ/1IIIU Clicme.lIU
!>ullm:a 30Jm
'3HClK
CTCl]YI
I
I Ii
I
II"
II I i ill. &4
III ~ I~ I
II i1! i
II I
il I C.'IUl{(I 7.6-1. Cmpyu71YpU Oap-K()OCt
l\nrpHC1 '30!m
I I :I
'3HaK
CTorr
I
2}7
3a CY3HaLlaB<J}bC nOnirIaKil., llH1pOM CBcra pa3m~eHH cy jXl3!1Yl'-lllTH npom1cH KO;:J,HPal-ba. 3a
HH)1ycrpl1jCl'J IlpHMCl-lY KOPHCTC cc yrnaBHoM CJle,Qclle BpcTe KO/.\Oga: Code 39 (')a
KOilHpaHoe a.n~)a-HyMepH'-lKHX 3HaKoBa), 215 industria! KO,Q (BH"lH cn. 7.65), 2/5 interleaved KOg (KojJHpm-be l.\wjJapa 0 JJO 9) npC)1ClclBSbel-l lIa Col. 7.66. Code 39 Kao H 215 interleaved ce peJiaTHBHO JIaKO gC!(0;~Hpajy IlOLUTO cc rrpHMefbyjy caMO IlBC UlHpmle TaMHVlX
H cBernHjHx npocrop<l (KOg ca gBC Umpl1fle). Y 06nacrH Tpr08HJle npYlMCJ-byje ce ('ode 128. E4;V, UPC. JAN. To cy KO;:J,OBH ca BHllle WHpH1Ia '!aKO ;.(ajc :V10Iyi1c KO;,(Yipcfm BC;lHKI10POj
mI4)opMaJ~Hja. Dope,Q HaBelICHi1X K!laCWIHHX BpCTa KOflOB<l, C13Ylcmpajy Yl KOgOBH Y BYlllle
pegOBGl, MaTpYlLIHI1 KOjJOBYl, ,QOT KO,fJ,OBH mg.
218 7jHfIICIlOP17l1ta if npemO(!apJI({ cpeacm{!a u ypehaju
lUll I1III 0
II lUI III
0
[1
0
(1
0
iJ
,~\
'",
0
G .5
6
7
I}
;]
0 G
(TOn
CT,IPT
CJlWW 7.65. illclia K()()UpWbCl UlI(}ycmpucKe IlpCll/e l{(}()a 1/5
IlillllWI Ulii 1IIIni
0)2304567899 e I~~,jl!~llll~ll~ll~! II CmllW 7.66. PIJ3/IU'tlII1lU 06JlUIfU 6ap-KO(}OUa y npnHeflli 3a 031ta'WGWbe
nOWtrlWICKUX IWllniJlJKu U I7jJOlu6o()a
!-Ia CJl. 7.67 je .QaT f1perJle.Q ypel)aja KOjB ce KOpI1CTe 3a I1C'{y!TaBatbC 6ap KO.Qa.
AynioMamU30GWIli IJljJCfl!CIlOpnlilU cucme.l1u
, no1)ell1l o6jelcrr 1 ~ __ ~I
k1'01
OTBOP
nO;ltWt.'HH
C;nlJ;a 7. 67. [{'l(IClI(jJ1IKW!uja eKCltepa :JCl '1UlllCllbe oap l{()()O(W
1/9
YpeaUjU 3a aymo/vlwllcxo O'llilnaCCllbe nmmjcKI1X KO.QOBa f1pI1MeH/yjy ce y CHCTCMBMa
TOKOBa M<lTepHjaJIa, IlpI1 LJCMY TepeTl.-! Koje Tpc6a H[(erffI1CpHKOBaTB npona3e nopeD,
ypel)aja 3a O'lHTaBmbe. Ko.Q cTauHoHapHHx, nOJlyaYToMaTCKl1X ype[(aja 3a O,{VlTaBaIbe,
KopHcTe ce JlaCCpCKl1 cKeHepn, CDD - pe)J)!e KaMcpe, ,[BTa'!yl ca )JBCTaHu,e 11
MaTpwlHe KaMepe ca Cl1CTeMOM npepa.Qe CJlI1Ke.
J1allye.'!ilO ynpwLbOlIll 'llfIl1WW y o6noKY nI1CaJbKe, f1I1WTOJba H CCD - pYLJIlOr
cKeHepa, KOjI1 ce Mory CpeCTI1 I·la KaC<l,\la p06HI1X Kyiia npYlMeIbyiy ce H Y
HH.QYCTPfljH, npeTe)KI-IO Ha CTaL.\HoHClpmlM :VleCTI1:vW (Ta'IKl1MJ), Kao 3aMella 3a
YHOlUel-be nO.QJTClKa npeKo Tl1Cmrype.
,HacepCKH cKcHep
KO)J nacepcKor cKeHepa nacep np0I13Bo,L:\11 KOHue1·rrpliCJH CSCT!!OCHVi 3paK, KOjH je
ynpaBfbeH HCl IIOJIl1f'OH,L1HYl TO'IaK 110 LIVijCM jc 06I1MY Yl'pal)CHO 6 fjO 10 MaJlHX
Ofne)Jao1a, cn. 7.68a. Ha rrOBpWmlI1 3a HCLI,naBat-be f10jaBJbyje cc 3a LfoBe<rje OKO
nO)1HOIWbHsa upBeHa mmoja CII. 7.686. Pl1)JHa o6nacT HC,[I1TaBaH,a je nyra }l,O
je.QJiOr MeTpa. <DpeKBeHu,I1ja nacepcKor 3paKa Kojmvl ce lic'!,rrasa 6ap KO.Q jc mMel)y
200 H 800 xcpu,a.
no
14
5
l1pe21fIojal{[JEaQ
e,rreKIpOI""iHKU 3<1
11::;pallY1i<llial-hC:
lhnopcpejc III l\'ICCTyl npel.!eK3
oj
7j)([flC710j!IFIIW li I7pemO(J({j!1I0 cpecJcI1J(W l/ ypeljuju
2. JIal.:ept:K11 ':tJaK T -F:·, .. >-flUrVlaI0Y .'
-1. POTJJpajyrU<I fIO.ITlrrl'li..:KH
:-:. EJJCMCHT or ne,:,:(£L113
6. Il::;.;:ru';I-III npo::;op
7. CIP)'K 3p3K3
8. PacUH en Gap KO,r:l.OlH
9. Ilpujer..,n-UI "3"paK 10, Or.llCA3JlO '3:1 CKpeT~ll-be
''l)3Ka
11. C1.1'-UIBO
lL(hurTep
13. ge'peKIop 14. KyhHurrc
ClUKCI. 7. 68. f.JIC.lICIIII7U :lUcepc!{o,7 o:ellcpo
8
0)
OBaKO SeJIl-lKH pa.Q!Ja 06nae-I" je BeOMH 6vrrllH, aKO TpallcnopTIIe JeJUilIl-iue (IHID.
naKeTI1 WI B<lJbl((lCTOM TpallCIJOpTepy) lIC,\Iajy TCl'IIIO llof)CIGe (cn. 7.69).
YIIaKpCI-lO KpeTar'be (I~HK-L(aK) cKeHepcKOf 3paK(l orvwfyhyje O'IHTG!BG!lbe Ta6m1lJ,a JIG!
KOjHMH je ourrarvlnat-l oap-Ko,rr oc:> 063Hpa lIa I-berOI3 nOJl())Kaj 11 cMep y O,ITHOCY Ha
3eHlY )~ejcTBa onTWIKor ClHTaCIa. JlacepcKH YETay ce Bpno ycnewHo KOPI1CTfi I1pl-i
c[HTaibY oU!TeneHI1X 6ap-KO,ITOsa l-i TO fOT0130 oe3 rpelIlKe.
AynloMOmU30(fClHU IJlpallCllOpnll/U cuune.HU
lVli-frl. p~lCTOyH-b~
O"LTIrTaBaI-b8
IIbljlllHa
I.niT~lJ-:ba
CWKCI 7.69. PU()IILl OO'lOCI1I.'lCIcepc'](cp CKCIICPU
211
Y onTWIKOM BpXy lq))KClC!a OJ[OBKe 33 OCIHraBatLe 7.70) HilJiCnfl cc Upl3cJ-!Gl HJlH
HHcjlpaLlPBeHa nyvlfiHflcueHTlIa J--\l-io,rra (LEDs), KOja Ilejacllo (;~11(!)y3HO) OCBeTJb3I3a---
floBplmlHY 6ap Ko,rra. CBCTJIOCT Koja najJ,a Ha Me~ynpoCTope (npa3HI-IHe) KO,2J.3 CH<DKHO
ce peqlJleKTyje npeKo OnTHY!(Of CHCTeMa (6;leH,ITe, COYl-iBa, orne,rrana) ;i npojeKryje Ha
ct)OTO TpaH3l-icrop (npl-ijeMHHK).
flPCS!aCKOM OJIOBKC npeKo 6ap KO,r:(a, Cl-iCTeM OlITWIKl-i pa3J!a)Ke T3MHe JIHHl-ije H
npa3HH nOJba 11 npeTB3pa HX y eneKrpHYI-lfl peJlOCne,::( l-iNmynca. O,r:( f]0JaYHBWm
yrpa~eHof y ,r:(p)KaCI OJlOBI(C npl-iMfbeI-lH Cl1rHaTlH oap KO)1a ce npeTBapajy y aHanorHe
l-iJIH ,i:-\HrHTam~e l1MnyJlCe.
122
Kans-33WTl-i":-'(}
7j7WlC170jJIlItta II I1penWIWpllCl cper)cI7W([ u ypehoju
CTaKJHcHH np030p
fl JI C,7UA:O 7.70. Ek'-'Je/ll7lu U KOpll1Unefbe O,70GKe 3([ O'llIJJl06C1lbe
LI;IT:1Yl1 06'!l1Ka nl1WTOJbC, 771) 3a HC'IHTaBafbe Gap ":O.:'.OB<1 fiPll:'i'~lbyjy ce
CIl1'IHO nacepcKHiVl cKeHepHfvla, DpeJIaCKOM nacepcKor 3paKil y o6mlKY nYII'll1je npeKo
KOL\a OI-ia CCLle CBa fberOBa T<lMHa nO)1, a, Yl1,vle H<lCTaje L\eKo!'l.l-1pal-be, <DpeKBeHlJ}-l ja
l1CLfl1TaBarbJ mHOCl1 40 ;1,0 50 Y ceKYHL\l1.
CJl1IKU 7. 71. IIuUll110ib 3a o'-!umaCWbe
AY/JlW\I(JI7IU30(!WIII iJljJWIC170P111llU cucme_lIU 213
I1pwVlclia KO~~HpaH>a npn npCpaD-H nOlHTUHCKHX nOHHUhKH
HOlllT.IHCKli 1(0[1 M())Ke 611Tl1 aJICtJaOeTCKl1, aml)a - l-IyNlepwlKH 11 llyNlCpWIKH,
J-IYMepWlKH KO!1 je Lllwppa CaCTaBjheHa ilCKJhYLnmo on 6pujeB<l (0-9), CaBpCiVlelIa
aYTOMilTCKa npepaIi21 nOll!TaIICKVIX JlOllIl1JhKH, npHfliu'of)cHa .Ie cHcTeMY
ilyi\!epWIKOr nOLiJTaIICKOr 6poja, 3001' Liera jc oBaj CMCTe"l IlajBwue y yno-rpe6M, Y CaBpe;\iel·nlNl ycnOBH:vla Hyl'vlepW!KH 6poj je 06aBC3aI! }leO a)lpece, LUTO '3I1ClL!H )la
flOUnCll-lCKil 6pJj Mopa Ha nOUH1JbUl1 ,::{21 03HaYH caM nOLUHjh21JlaU,
M21LUl1l-1". 321 nOJlyaYTOMClTCKO H 21yroM21TcKo COpn-lpaH,e (pc13BpCT21BaH,e) ca
MOgYJlOM ca OnTW-lKHM 'lv!TClYe,! ciaKO HC'lHTaB21jy 6pojeBe HcnHcaHe nHcanOM
MaWHiI0:vI WH-l UlT21:vmafle, :';:nLllBOBal-ie H PYKOM I-1ClnHCClHe 6pojcBe, KBaJII'ITCT
H(l!1J1C~lHl!X 6pojeBCl YTWie f-Ia 6p--;!1HY YHTillbil a CC1MHM THM U j·W 6p'3HI-lY npcpane,
riOlJITaHCKH opoj cc npCKO KO;..\!lviX 0'3H21Ka npeBOLlH (WHCppHpa) y nOWTilI-lCKI1 KOn,
Y nOllJTilHCKOM KOilY cBaKOj 6pOjKH lB nOLUTaJlCKor 6poja Onl'OBapa liH3
BepTHKiUlHHX upTHua, pacnopef)eHMX Ha onpel)eHOM paCTojalbY no npaBHJll.1Ma
031·JaLWBilrba CIL 7,T2),
n ! I L......l
CflUKCl 7. 72. IIpuKa:s npel11BapaJ-bCl 110Ull1lCIIICK02 6poja y 170UlI1'1OIICKU 7WU
TPClI!C170PIl111Cl l/ npelllOIWp"O cpe()C71lrW u ypefJoju
CaBpeMel-Ie ayro"wTcKe 'Vl,1UJHIIe 1a pa3BpCTaB<1lbe ca OCR CIYlTaC!eM ycneuJl-!o
LJl1Tajy nOWTaI!CKH I(O;l, WIH 6ap-KOi-\ npH 6P'lHlnJ KpeTaJba nOlilTaJJCKe 1l0LUHJ1,l(e H
ca 6p3HHaM3 no 3.,5 JJl / S' .
JIumepamypa 225
.UHTEPATYPA
1. ArreKca,n:poB M.: TIo,UbeMHo-TpaHCrI0pTHble MailllIHbl, BSHUal! illKOJla, MocKBa, 1985.
2. AJ1eKceeB It, ... : r H6KbIe npOH3Bo,n:cTBeHhle CHCTeMbI 36oPKH, J1eHHHrpa,U, Mailll1HOCTpOeHHe, 1989.
3. AccjJarrb: P060Tbl H aBTOMaTH3aill111 npOH3BOlJ,CTBa, MocKBa, MaillHHocrpoeHHe, 1989.
4. Aumund H., F.Mechtold: Hebe-und FiirJeranlagen, Springer- Verlag, Berlin, 1969.
5. AxmannN.: Hanc1bc:ch Materialflusstechllik, exspert Verlag, Bi:iblingen, 1993.
0.5a6HH H.: T~.,:_<nopTHe ~IaWHHe IllJ,eo. TeXHH'lKHX HaYKa, HOBH Ca,Il" 1975.
7. Ea6HH H., Bna,n:ali J., illocTaKoB P.: TpaHC[]OpTl-Ja cpe-,\cTBa 1, CKpllTITa, ¢JTH HOBH Ca,n:, 1999 '.
8. Bahke E.: Materialf1usstechnik und Steuerungstechnik, Univ. Karlsruhe, 1988.
9. EepMaH M., OneBcKHH M.: YnpaBneHbIe [TIC H PTK, BbIWal! illKo.~a, MocKBa, 1985.
10. bopoBHn E.: TpaHC[]OpTHe Tpaxe, a,n:~!lmI!CTpal.\l1ja, 1979.
II. Bottcher S.: Fordertechnik, Krausskopf Verlag, Mainz, 1969.
12. 5YKYMHPOBH!:\ M.: AYToMaT!-138I.\Hja []pOl~eCa pa)la y nOWTaHCKHM CHCTeMI1Ma, Cao6paliajHH cjJaKYJlTeT, Eeorpa,n:, 1999.
13. EYKYMHpoBHn M.: MeXaHH3aL\Hja H aYToMaTH3al\Hja rrp0l.\eca []pepa,n:e []OillTaHCKI1X rrOWHJbKI1, Cao6panajHH ¢aKymeT, Eeorpa,Il" 1997.
14. EYKYMHpOBl1n M.: MeXaHH3al\Hja H aYTOManl3al\Hja Y []OillTaHCKOM cao6paliajy, BHwa TeXHH'lKa TITT WKOJla, EeorpM, 1997.
15. Bna,UHn J.: MeXaHH3311l1ja TIreTORapa!!, ¢JTH HOBH Ca,U, 1991.
16. B.~a,UHli 1.: HenpeKH,UHI1 H aYToMaT!-!30BaHH TpaHcuopT, ¢JTH HOBH Ca)l, 1999
17. Brra,UHn J.: TpaHcuopTHo-Mammp3l.\HOiiH CHCTe~lH, <1JTH HOBH Ca,U, 1999
18. BJ1a,UHn 1.: TpaHcuopTHa H rrpeToBapHa Cpe,Il,CTBa H ypeljajH, cKpHma, <1JTH HOBH Ca,U, 1999
19. BJ1a,UOB 11., ... : C6arraHcHpoBaHble MaHHnynaTopbI, MawrlHocrpoeHl-le, MocKBa, 1988.
20. BYK06paToBHn M" ... : YBO,Il, y P060THKY, I1HCT. M. TIyrrHH, 5eorpa,n:, 1987.
21. BYK06paToBHli M.: OCHOBH p060THKe, KlbHra 1, TexHwlKa Klbl1:ra, Eeorpa,n:
22. Colijn H.: Mechanical Conveyors for Bulk Solids, Elsevier, Amsterdam-Oxford, 1985.
23. )le,Il,Hjep c.: OCHOBH TpaHcnopTH¥lx ypeljaja, fpaljeBHHcKa KlbHra, Eeorpa,n:, 1978.
24. Desoyer K., Kopacek P., Troch 1.: Industrierobotem und HandhabungsgerMte, Verlag Milnchen-Wien, 1985.
25. )llrqKOB B.: MawHHbl HenpepHBHoro rpaHCilOpTa, MawfH3, MocKBa, 1961.
26, Eastman R.: Materials Handling, Marcel Dekker, New Yark, 1987.
776 Tpaltcl1()pnlllC/ u npeilWIWjJllCl cpeOcl7lca u ypeijaju
27, EropoB A" .,,: TpaHcnopTHO-HaIZOrnrreJlbHble CHCTeMbl J1J1j1 rnc, JiemlHrpaJ1,
:V1awllHocTpoemle, 1989, 28, )[(aBHep JI., KpaMcKoli 1'1,: norpy30~HLle 'YlaH!lI1yn<rfOPbl, JIellHtlrpa)l, i'vlauJ}!HocTpoeHHc,
1975. 29, Zachan H" Suschbech H" Helm W.: Einsalz von lndllstrierobotern, VES Verlag Technik,
Berlin, i 986.
30, Zebisch H,: FiSrdertechnik 2, Vogel-V "rlag, Wlirzburg, 1990.
31. leHKo~ p" VlBawKoB VI., KOi!OOOB ]1,: Malllf!Hbl HenpCpf1llll0rO TpallcnopTa,
:VlaWtlHoCTpoeHHe, MocKBa, 1987, 32, lPIHIll LL neTpOBH1\ LV CrOXaCTIJlIKH npouecYl y TpaHcnopTY, :viaIUHlICKH (paKy:Ii'GT,
SeorpaJ:\, 1994. 33. YlBaHoBcK¥lrl K" PaKoBwHK A" KOl'mIIi ;\,: PomlKoBblC H lHlCKOBble KOHBe['ICPbl H
YGTpOnCTBa, MawHHocTpoemle, MocKBa, 1973,
34, YlBalioBcKHfI K" 060JleHCI(f1(1 A.: neperpY30l IlIbie YCTpo(lcTBa, MawHllOCTpoel1l1e, MocKBa,
1966, 35. JaMI10JI'bCKHfI C, ",: llpoMbIwncllall pooOTOTeXfnlK3, Klles, TexHHKll, 1984,
36. KOOPVlIICKlll1 A" Ko6pHHCKHj:1 E,: MaHvlllynaUHoHbIe CHCTeMbl, MocKBa, HaYKa, 1985.
37. Koster K,: Leichttransponbandtechnik, Vulkan-Verlag, Essen, 1984,
38, ]1anKHlll, ManKoBwl A,: neperpY30'lllbiC YCTpOrICTB3, MawmlOCTpoeHHe, JlcHHHrpa;\,
1984, 39, J!eHoB J.,,,,: ABTOM3Tll31!paHC Ha TpallcllopTHo-MaHlIlly;IaUHOHflYl Onepa1ll1l1, TexmlKa,
CO¢l!ja, 1985, 40, Lindkvist 1'.,,,,: Handbook ofivlateriais Handling, John Wiley & Sons, New YOi'k, 1985,
41, rIawKoB B,: POOOTOTCXHW1CCKbiC CHCTeMbl B COOpO'!llHM YCTpocme, Bblllta~ lUKona,
iVlocKsa, i 987, 42. Pajer G" H.Kubnt, F.Kurth: StetiglOrderer, VEB Verlag, Technik, Berlin, 1983,
43. namlw'iYK 1-L BaCKlKOB r,: Hana)lK3 npoMHwneHhlx POOOTOB f1 anTOMaTH'1eCKHX olHllHfI,
KaeB, TexHHK3, 1987, r
44, naHOB n" nblcbMeHHHfI: OCHOBbl poiSoToTeXHHKI1, BhIIUa!! lUKona, MOCKB3, 1990.
45. nepTeH L KOHBefiepbl, MawvIHOCTpoeHHe, J1eHHHrpaJ(, 1984.
46, neTpeHKO C,: lloJ(BecHbIe pen'bCOSbIe ):(opom, MalUHHoCTpoeHHe, MOCKB3, 1981,
47. nJlaBHHCKHfI V.: MawHHbI flenpepnBHoro TpaHcnopTa, MawHlIOCTpoeHHe, MOCKB3, 1969.
48. nOnOB E" lOpeBH'1 E,: Robotics, Mir Publishers, Moscow, 1987,
49, nOTKOfbaK B,: Po60THKa, Hay'1Ha KfbHra, 5eorpaJ(, 1989,
50, rIpocneKTHH MaTepHjaIlH npoH3Boqa' Ia TpaHCnOpTfIO- MaHHnYJlamlOHe onpeMe
llumepanlypa 227
51. Rathmil K,: Robottic Assembly, Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York-Tokyo, 1985.
52, Rittingh3usen H,; lntegrierte :Vlaterialtluss3utornatisierung in der Einzcl- line! Serienfertigullg,
Ilanser Verlag, Mlinchen -Wien, i980.
53, CmlBaKoBaKOBCKI1H 0" UMlrrpHcB r,: Tcopl1~ neTIIO'lHLIX KOHBe~icpuB, HaYKa, MocKsa, 1982.
54, CnllsaKoBcKbl A., !lbI3UXKOB B,: Conveying Machines Ii Il, MJR, Moscow, 1985,
55, CTaHI(apLlY! f1 npaBYiJ1HYll\H 3a npojeKToBafbe ~1y13aIlYlqKO - TpaHcnopTHc ollpeMe
56, TowHn c.: TpaHcnopTHH ypeqajv!, MaWHHCKli Ql3KYJITeT. 5eol'pa).(
57, XO.l.\OJIYFI L EopojeB J1"".: (PneKCHol1mm TCXIlOJlOlUKH CHCTe~IH, Kibllra ilL !vlaHtmynaulloHH ]: )'lepHo KOHTponHfI CllCTeMII, 4i TH, HOEH
58. LIepmtKOB 11.: Tpm-lcnOpTHO 11QKOmn'CJlbHue ClleTt':\!b! rnc, Bblllj(15! WKOJl3. MOCKB3. 1989,
59, WaxMeikrep r., UMHTplles r.: TCOPIlH H p3C'[t'r nCHTO'IHbIX KOHBeiiepoB, MawHHocTpocHHe, MocKBa, 1978,
60. WKYPHII A., ",: TeXHf!'ICCKble cpeLlC'rB3 H oiSOPYJ(oB3Hble Will naKeTocllopMHpoBaHHll npo;:rYKUllH, MalUHHocTPOCHfIC, MocKBa, 1987.
o I
41, CHHHlllU KY}M~UlOBHh
42. MHpoc~1aB TIpwa, .J1UCJfO Jyxac
43. BeJIl1Ml1p TOllHll, JOKO CTaImli.
44. MHIIaH MapnmUil, )lparaH ~f.ap1(Ol.ljl!1
45. CBeTo3ap KocnIli.
46. f1enp lJ,"ilJ"'lUC'illl, ,LLparaH
47. MHpocnaB Dn<lHl.{aK H np.
48. C:ro60naH MH.nH/'l.pa!~ 30pUH ITonOBYln C.l1aBKO MY)K.I'l<;'!KU
~9. MHna MapHn
50, AHa TIeTpo'lmn
51, Dopl)c nYKHf1, JllIBuja UBeTutwHI1H
52, B.aat1.H;>,.Hlp KUS:.lLil:Hlltl,
MHPOC.JIaB DOllOBHn
53. Dop~e nYKHo, J1HBuja Unc'mllaHHH
54. )J,pa;0je IVil1JlHKHtl
55. flaB.He [Jia;J;osHll
56. Cno6cl.,-,.<J!! He';:(eJbKOI3Hn
57, BaJ!el-lTHH f;lJ.eap..:J:;,uiOB
58. ,UparyTHH 3eJleaoBHt1
59. ,lIparynm 3eJICHOBYln, vLrUlja nocHIi.
PU)J;o MaKcH:'luBlin
60. [(. JO""iI.U"' "', H. 1\OC111'1
P. A. MaKcHMoBH1't.
61. CmnIUla KYJMJ.lH.HHln, PY)KHUU
Tp6ojeBHn, MUJIaI-l PaUKoB
62, CHIII1WU KY3MaHoBHn
63, JoaUHKa HlH<Hn, ;1UllHja qOMHU
64. MHpOCJlaB flaaH4aK,
)lpanuuJ BHJ10THn
65. Rla.J.IL\lHP llil(llJbdHUCl,
TO;:J;op 5u:!KlliIH1'i
66. JaHKO XO.1lo.'1W{ H JJ,p.
67. AHa I1eTpOB!1J1
68. MHJlynlH tIYl1Hh H .:J.p.
69. MJ.lJlaH I1H!1n
70. [laBIle Monm, I1BaH J1YKOBHll,
MHPO rOW';;J.ap.l:J.Cl
71. )1pal-ynH-l, 3e:lt::UUEJirfl, JonaH TOJJ.opomli'i
72. J.1mlja K0llCLcll..!BHn,
He60jrua Parre13Hn
73. I-Ie6ojwa PaneBHn
MJIHja KOBa'-{eB~!li.>
74. MHpOCJJaB Xaj,.:.tYKoBHn
75, MHpOCJIaB Xaj.uYKoBHn
76. J1y6Hwa KY30BHli, BYK oor.J,<lllOBlih
77. Be}HI.\H!P TOAHO
78. MHJIOUl )KHBaHoB
79. f1aBJIe fna,uoBHn, MIUlaH CHMeYllomln
"KOHCTpYHcafhe, 0G;Uil,.oUi.tlbC 11 .•. Uf3ajH, I )J;eo "
"OeaoBH em.':Krp(YfeXllHKt;, 36HpKa 331lJTaKa 3<1 CTYJl.eIlTe HeeneKTpO'leXlBl'lKHX lpaKYJlTeTa"
'''OCHOBH uI1TIL';H13:1U)lje T-::XIH).10illK1LX llp0ueca jJJ.p:l,:te H 1\011C'l.PYKUllje npOllJiluj,a"
"MaUHmc !{ opyija 3a o6pa.uy 3CMJhHWT<l. i .leo"
"TeXI-HIKC oe36e.D.HOCrH H KOHrpOJIc .:;ao6pan<.~ijJ."
"36HpKa pewemlX 3aLl,aTaKa ca HW.:;"!CllllX H..:-nllra fl3 ,\IC;;'.lllllK;"; ~L:Y~LlJ, H H3,1aJbt
",1XpYMCKa :VloTopHa B03HJIa"
''"HaYKa 0 TOn.rlOTH - TCP;"W""':'llli.L\lHK:1, npcHoc TOflJIOTC, carOpClJCl.lbe"
"cl!H3\'IKa (OCHOBH npllMClbC!re qn!3HKC)"
·':.'Vk:\.J.1UIK<l·'
"TeXHOJIOfHja oopaue pe3Ulbe:'1 - onUITa 11 r'~f"'IC!LeIl~; 'l-;';opMja"
"TexHoflO! Hja ,i.\PY:'ICKOC cao6pallaja"
"l1".c,w '1· "".)rpatjlHja"
"36HpKa pcweHl1X 3a,naTaKa H3 TeopHje CJJaCTWIHU';·U1"
"TIpojeKTOBaroe apUH3UO.lHHX CH<,; [eMa"
"TIpojeKTollalbe iJpul13BU)J.lil1X CI1CTe;o..;ta - llpHpy'-lli~jK 3a se)fcoc"
"DPI-lPY4HHK 3a l!pojC:KTOBUruC l!PdHJBO,Ll,JiHX ;;HCTCMJ,"
"lvl,rrCMU'lHKll jc;'lUI!, l'J,eo I"
"WH3I1KU. OCilOim npHMen,ene cjHf3HKe"
"Ee30C,.'J.HOC'f .J.PYMcKor CJOGPJ.ll<ljJ. - weeTO lU.JJ.U,C"
"npIlHj~HnH npojelG'Q[kHb<l U;'LU llLJJ.:ilJio..J"
"Teopaja rroY3.J.JliOCnt TeXHWIKI1X !,,;HcTcMa"
"36upKa p~lliCJU!X 3a.n.arah.<l 113 t[;YI1KUlIOli3JIUc JIIJ.1HJt!"
j,'OnepaTffsHH CHCTel'v!l1 : (npoG:lnUI H crpyKrypa)"
"ApxHTcKrypa pa'-lYHapa: (Bpemen llpHilUHna 11 eBOJ1)L1.Hje:)"
"Teopl1ja caoopaoajHor TOKa"
"I1pojeKIOBal-he TCXllO:WWKHX npoucca"
"EneKfpOHHKa, nojaQa13aclKa KOlIG, TeOpftja H 3all,aUJi"
"'C!{CTeMH jaBHor aYTOTpaJlCnOp ra po6e"
80. PaAolll PaiumojeBl111 "Cou,J.1.0HorHja H3cellia"
81. MHpocnaa fL.aH4aK "Ep3a H3pana flpoToTlInoa-J, MO).ie.l3. H a.13Ta"
82. MO?flHmo HOBKOUHO, bHJLaHil PO)J.Hn, "36HPKl pcrnem:lx 3a1l,aTaKa 113 BepOBaTHone 11 CTaTHCTiiKe" HJrHja KOBaQCBHn
83. Ml10Apar 3noKonHua, Maja tIaB1fn, "MexaHHKa MaWl-iI:Ia"
Ml1JJaH Kocntn
84. 0.f(.10.Llpar 3.h).f((UJlu,a, :viaja qaBlln, ~h!Jlall KoC'mli.
85. II0GJ.K:J:.>Jllt,
TIeulTcpau
86. JparYTl1l! 3C;I<":!h!GU;1
87. ]eJ[cua KllYPCKH
gS. Beclla :'hph..;p.all
89, AHa CleTpOImh
90, T'}opfje KOfmn, l1.rmja TaH3UJ<OB
91, PaCTHCJI<IB Tl0p!)C!:lHli
92, PaCHtC!I:.lB TJopril:[HIt'l
93,
94, MlI,lOlll :lKmml!OB
95. i'vhmoru )KHIHU[Or;
90. MllJl<lll TPllBj.'lllli'l, 30pau ?vfJ.mjcBah
-,,~ BOjHH rpKormn
99, 110plJc nYKHh. JIHBl1ja L~BCLHl\uilj!1
100.
101. tvh)1v!CI}jJjU Kyja'Hlh
102. Crel3<l!l Eep6cp, )KeJbKO J1YKa'-l
103, He.'J,e':M'o VItelLI
104.
106, ;'\!U,lHUd D)''--!UllHh-Guud\,
] 09. H13a!l KmJl!up
1: O. ]clB<.ln BJ18}~lln
111. hJB<1n BJTUJUih
Tmj<Jll,"l U.1Kponi1.
"cDWJ:!'-fKQ xcMHjcKe OCflo[)e H3P,!J1C
"English in Civil CJlgiJleC:l-lll~"
"36HpKJ pellicHHX 3<llKrraK<l 113 Tt':XllUJlOll1je )Ke;le:3JJWIKOr v"vC;..;~:· .. l;,:' "Hoccl1e KOHCTPYKI(Hje 1"
"T-::opHja KOlIC I PYKl;l1j;,t"
"[, 1 l.l n .. j II ..... u,,_ \1_ <,; ~" k U<.. h" l ,":'1 ":"',!L\ • p.'dc';'''f),\l., PU;:,L\lcl - J.?yrn 1!3;~<HhC
"OCHOBH C;ICKT~OJ!;!KC, - Tcopajll"
"OCJlOlHl enCl\lpO!!';,~' : 11;11
"TCXlIOJiO!'Hja H Opr<.UIlUauHj:.llpa]Jetua - npaKfliKYtvl"
"T()ij·;OTII~ IYPC:'J.\hlillHl,";"
J:(Cll
Structures lor DSP~"
"lk'JL;lJ! .:iW ,,;.IOUF_!ll..lJ
j"
113 OCi-10Kl a;lI OpJr!<Ji\lU Ii G';-PYin'Ypa ll,Cn ca
nc.hG .. :;,L:"
·"!'I.;XHdJIOI'Hj<l UP! dllH:.5dllHjl;
"Tp'~li~!IOPfll~lll
d) .U.\I.llll.;",I.;i.lJl,l
-tJP";j(j'i..:kl"
'JiIlll l'fIT!; ;KHIIOI HI.: cp';illHH:·'
![Transportna sredstva ŽP [Združljivostni način]](https://img.dokumen.tips/doc/110x75/618f6daeeae74d1f4442a941/transportna-sredstva-p-zdruljivostni-nain.jpg)
