The Katipunan and the

Philippine Revolution

Chapter 15

The Katipunano A secret revolutionary society

to work for the independenceof the Philippines by meansof arms or revolution.

o Formed on July 7, 1892o Also known as Kataastaasan, Kagalang-galang

na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan or KKK.

o Supreme Council – highest bodyProvincial Council – for provincesMunicipal Council – for towns

o First set of officersPresident/Supremo: Deodato ArellanoComptroller: Andres BonifacioFiscal: Ladislao DiwaTreasurer: Valentin DiazSecretary: Teodoro Plata

In 1893, Basa replaced Arellano and again unsatisfied with the performance, Bonifacio assumed the presidency.

Andres Bonifacioo Born on Nov. 30, 1863 in Tondo, Manilao Orphaned at early age, worked

hard to support his siblings.o To improved his knowledge, he read books.o Known as “Father of Katipunan” and “Great

Plebeian”.o Wrote Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Bayan and

Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Anak ng Bayan.

Emilio Jacintoo Born on Dec. 15, 1875 in Tondo,

Manilao At age of 18, he gave up his

law studies to devote histime and energy to Katipunan.

o Trusted adviser of Bonifacio.o Known as “Brains of Katipunan”o Wrote “Kartilla”o Together with Bonifacio and Dr. Pio Valenzuela, they

founded the newspaper Kalayaan.

Membership in the Katipunano Methods in recruitment of members

Triangle System• a Katipunero was required to recruit 2 members to form

triangle, but the new member did not know each other.

Initiation Rites• Tested the courage, patriotism, and loyalty of members.

o Classes of membership and their password Katipon – “Anak ng Bayan” Kawal – “Gom-Bur-Za” Bayani – “Rizal”

o Women Served as fronts to deceived Spanish authorities. Entrusted with transfer of secret documents.

o Most members belong to masses who were disappointed with the peaceful campaign for reforms.

Getting Ready for the Waro Katipuneros gathered bolos,

lances and other fire arms.o For their headquarters, they

chose one of the caves ofMontalban, Rizal.

o On April 10, 1895, they held ameeting which was called the “Cry of Montalban”.

o They sought the support of Rizal, but he claimed the Filipinos were not yet ready at that moment.

o Antonio Luna was appointed as the millitary commander as suggested by Rizal.

o Made fake documents which showed that rich and educated Filipinos were contributors to Katipunan and so many of them were imprisoned. Some were executed.

o Katipunan flag – a rectagular piece of cloth with “KKK”

in the center.

Discovery of the Katipunano Aug. 19, 1896o Teodoro Patiño done the revelation. Due to

misunderstanding between him and another Katipunero, he told his sister and a nun, then to a priest who was the one who revealed to Spanish authorities.

o Spanish autorities raided the homes of suspected Katipuneros, put them in jail or tortured them.

Outbreak of the Revolutiono 4 days after the Discovery, a mass meeting was held

insitio of Pugad Lawin and they planned what to do.o They decided to fight and the was the tearing of

cedula certificates while shouting “Long Live the Philippines! Long Live the Katipunan!”.

o This event was known as the “Cry of Pugad Lawin”o In Aug. 30, 1896, Bonifacio with 800 katipuneros

attacked Spanish arsenal in San Juan del Monte. About 150 Katipuneros died, captured and executed.

o Gov. Gen. Blanco placed 8 provinces under martial law to prevent further spread of revolution.

o 8 Provinces under martial law – Manila – Nuva Ecija – Bulacan – Laguna – Pampanga – Batangas – Tarlac – Cavite

Rizal’s ExecutionDr. Jose P. Rizal

Most famous Filipino to be arrested Arrested on charges of rebellion and

sedition. Sentenced to death by firing squad. Executed on Dec. 30, 1896 in Luneta

(where a monument now stands tohonor his memory).

The Rise of AguinaldoEmilio Aguinaldo

He was 25 y/o when he joined Katipunan Adopted the symbolic name of Magdalo Nation’s first president Commended the revolution in Cavite. Attacked the Spanish garrison and won

Cavite became the major battle groundduring the revolution.

The Downfall of Bonifacioo 2 provincial council in Cavite

Magdiwang Council• headquarters in Noveleta,• headed by Mariano Alvares

Magdalo Council • headquarters in Kawit• headed by Baldomero Aguinaldo• Not united and when attacked by Spanish forces the

divided Katipuneros couldn’t put up an effective defense.

o At a meeting on Dec. 31, 1896, the Magdalo group favored the establishment of a revolutionary government to replace Katipunan.

o In Tejeros Assembly, the Katipunan was dissolved and replaced by new revolutionary government. Emilio Aguinaldo was elected the president.

o In Tejeros Convention, Bonifacio was humiliated when he was elected into a minor post and when questioned to his election to the position. He was hurt and announced he wouldn’t recognize the new government.

o Bonifacio continued Katipunan and signed Naic Military Agreement with his followers.

o Naic Military Agreement – Katipunan will have its own

separate army from Aguinaldo.o In the encounter in Indang, Cavite, Bonifacio

was captured and his brother Cicario was killed.

o Bonifacio was tried for treason and sedition, found guilty and sentenced to death.

o On may 10, 1897, Bonifacio and his brother Procopio were executed.

The Pack of Biak-na-Batoo Aguinaldo joined Gen. Miguel Malvar in Batangas.o Spaniards are in complete control of Cavite but

failed to stop the rebellion.o Aguinaldo proceeded to Bulacan at Biak-na-Bato

and established Biak-na-Bato Republic.o Gov. Gen. de Rivera realized that he might defeat

the Katipuneros but he might not crush the revolution. He propose the peaceful negotiation that was called the Pack of Biak-na-Bato.

o The Pack of Biak-na-Bato consist that The forces of Aguinaldo would lay down their arms

and be granted an amnesty and be allowed to return to their homes.

Aguinaldo will receive P800,000 to be paid in 3 installments: P400,000 upon leaving the Philippines, P200,000 when at least 700 arms have been surrendered, P200,000 upon the declaration of general amnesty.

o Dec. 27, 1897, Gen. Aguinaldo, with P400,000 left for Hong Kong accompanied by 25 revolutionary leaders.

Results of Biak-na-Batoo The pack was not successful, it was short-lived.o Filipinos were suspicious and so didn’t

surrender their arms.o The Spanish authorities failed to fulfill their

amount.o They also started to arrest the known rebels

and rebel symphaties.

The Second Phase of Philippine Revolutiono Gen. Francisco Makabulos of Tarlac established

a temporary revolutionary government in Central Luzon on April 1898.

o The clashes between Spanish forces and Filipino rebels continued in Zambales, Ilocos Sur, Cebu, Bulacan, Camarines Norte, and Caloocan.

Aguinaldo in Hong Kongo He deposited the money he got with

the intention of using it to purchasearms to fight against Spaniards.

o The US consul in Singapore and inHong Kong convinced him severaltimes to side with the Americans.

o Aguinaldo returned to the Philippines and to fight with Americans. He gave P117,000 to Wildman for purchase of arms

The Return of Aguinaldoto the Philippines

o Aguinaldo invited all the Filipinos to side with the Americans.

o Filipino rebels started to fight against Spaniards and won one victory after another.

o End of June 1898, almost whole Luzon was in their control except Cavite.

o In Nov., Gen Leonardo Fullon and Gen. Anias Diokno ousted Spanish troops and established the Republic of Visayas.

o Dec. 29, 1898 Cebu was captured by Filipinos.o Gen. Vicente Lukban’s forces captured several

provinces in Jan. 1899o May 1899, Filipinos took Zamboanga City and

drove away Gen. Riego delos Rios, the last Gov.-Gen of the Philippines.

o Gov. Gen. Basilio Augustin made several steps to win the Filipinos to their side.

o Consultative Assembly was created on may 4, 1899. Filipino Volunteer Malitia fought against the Americans. The assembly did not accomplished anything and was dissolved on June 13, 1899.

Government underEmilio Aguinaldo

o When Aguinaldo arrived in the Philippines, he brought with him constitution for federal government written by Mariano Ponce.

o Aguinaldo established on May 24, 1898 a temporary dictatorial government with himself as Dictator.

o On June 23, 1898, he established a Revolutionary Government as advised by Mabini. Aguinaldo became the president.

Apolinario Mabinio Born in Tanawan, Batangas on

July 23, 1864.o Physically disable because of

being paralytic.o Aguinaldo’s trusted adviser.o During revolutionary Government, he was a cabinet

member and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.o Also known as the “Brains of the Philippine

Revolution” and “Sublime Paralytic.”

The Declaration of Philippine Independence

o Declared on June 12, 1898 underDictatorial Governmentat Kawit, Cavite.

o Ambrosio Rianzares Bautistawrote the declaration, signed by 98 persons.

o Marcela Agoncillo sewn the Philippine Flag.

o Marcha Filipina Magdalo composed by Juan Filipe played when the Philippine flag was raised. It became the official hymn.

o Filipinas, the lyrics of the hymn written by Jose Palma.

o Aug. 1, 1898, leaders from Luzon Ratified the proclamation of independence.

The Malolos Congresso The congress wouldn’t be a

law-making body but it actonly as an advisory body.

o Revolutionary Congress wascalled to a session by Aguinaldoat Barasoain Church on Sept. 15, 1898.

o Ratification of Philippine Independence on june 12, 1898 was the first important act of Malolos Congress.

The Framing of a Constitutiono After the proposed constitution of Mabini and Paterno

was rejected, the congress discussed the constitutional plan of Felipe Calderon that was debated for a month.

o Union of church and state was one of Controversial provision on which they voted for its separation.

o The Malolos Congress approved the constitution signed by Aguinaldo because of Mabini’s Objection.

o Aguinaldo approved and promulgate the changes in the congress.

The First Philippine Republico Inagurated on Jan. 23, 1899 in Malolos,

Bulacan.o Sometimes called Malolos Republico 3 branches of government

Executive – vested in the president Legeslative – assembly of representatives Judicial – Supreme Courts of Justice and other lower

courts headed by a Chief Justice.

Newspaper of the Revolutiono El Heraldo de la Revolucion

Official newspaper of the Revolutionary Government Established on Set. 1898 Helped to keep alive the spirit of nationalism and

patriotism.

o La Independencia Newspaper of Antonio Luna Initial issue came out on Sept. 3, 1898 Contributed in promoting nationalism

The Government at Worko Education was one of the problems faced by

the new government.o The government appropriated P35,000 for

educational purposes on 1899.o Philippine Army organized a regional basis,

with each province having its own brigade.o The army lacked arm, their artillery came in

variety – European, Japanese, and American.

Philippines’ Foreign Policyo Philippines wasn’t recognized by the family of

nations despite the efforts of some Filipinos.o Agoncillo was assigned to persuade the US to

recognized the government of Aguinaldo but was ignored because the Americans had already decided to annex the Philippines.

End of the FirstPhilippine Republic

o The independence was short-lived because of the coming of the new colonizing power – the United States.

o The war between Filipinos and Americans broke out in 1899.

o Pres. Aguinaldo was captured by Americans in Isabela on Mar. 23,1901 which signaled the end of the First Philippine Republic.

Prepared by Group 3

Panganiban, Daisy C.

Lamicday, Kimberly

Cariño, Vanessa

Alferes, Kimberly Anne

Noble, Madelyn

Andres, James Roi

Submitted to

Prof. Josephine Persegas

God bless ya’ll !!