Upload
albert-tipton
View
221
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
THE 5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY
THE FIVE THEMES OF GEOGRAPHYLocationPlaceHuman-Environment Interaction
MovementRegions
LOCATIONWhere are we?
Absolute Location A latitude and
longitude (global location) or a street address (local location).
Paris France is 48o
North Latitude and 2o East Longitude.
The White House is located at 1600 Pennsylvania Ave.
Relative Location Described by
landmarks, time, direction or distance. From one place to another.
Go 1 mile west on main street and turn left for 1 block.
You
are
Her
e
Map Scale Details are omitted because of space.
Level of detail and amount of area covered on a map depend on scale
Small scale map: depicts a large area; little detail. Ex: world map
Large scale map: depicts a small area; greater details Ex: city map
Map Scale Ratio/fraction: numerical ratio btw distance on map
and Earth’s surface Ex: 1:24,000 or 1/24,000 (1 is the unit on map=24,000
of the same unit on the ground) Written scale: describes relation btw map and Earth
in words Ex: “1 inch equals 1 mile” = 1 inch on map equals 1
mile on surface Graphic scale: bar lone marked to show distance on
Earth’s surface Ex: use ruler to measure distance on map and hold
against bar ling and read correlating number
Projection Method of transferring locations on
Earth Advantages and disadvantages of maps
and globes?
Projection Distortion may occur (especially in world
maps) 1) Shape
Map appear more elongated or squat 2) Distance
Increase or decrease 3) Relative Size
One area seems larger than another map but in reality it is small
4) Direction
Projection Robinson: pros—
useful for oceans; cons—land areas are smaller
Mercator: pros—little shape distortion, consistent direction, map rectangular. Cons—heavy distortion at the poles. High latitude appears larger than reality.
The West Wing: Why are we changing maps?
PLACEWhat is it like there, what kind of place is it?
Human Characteristics
What are the main languages, customs, and beliefs.
How many people live, work, and visit a place.
Physical Characteristics
Landforms (mountains, rivers, etc.), climate, vegetation, wildlife, soil, etc.
Place Names Toponym: name given to a place
Founder, religious, landscape, physical environment
Site: Physical character of a place Climate, water sources, topography, soil,
vegetation, elevation. Situation: Location of a place relative to
other places. Relative location
HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION How do humans and the environment
affect each other? Also known as cultural ecology We depend on it.
People depend on the Tennessee River for water and transportation.
We modify it. People modify our environment by
heating and cooling buildings for comfort. We adapt to it.
We adapt to the environment by wearing clothing suitable for summer (shorts) and winter (coats), rain and shine.
MOVEMENT
How are people, goods, ideas moved from place to place? Human Movement
Trucks, Trains, Planes Information Movement
Phones, computer (email), mail Idea Movement
How do fads move from place to place? TV, Radio, Magazines
Movement Diffusion: Process of a characteristic spreading
across space. Hearth: where an innovation originates. Relocation diffusion: spread of an idea through
physical movement of people. Ex: Spanish speaking culture in Miami, FL. Spread of
AIDS across continents.
Expansion Diffusion: spread of a feature from one place to another in snowball fashion. Hierarchical diffusion: from person or nodes of
authority or power to other persons or places. Ex: hip hop music
Contagious diffusion: rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic through population. Ex: Ideas on the internet.
Stimulus diffusion: spread of principle; characteristic fails to diffuse. Ex: computers sold
REGIONSHow are Regions similar to and
different from other places? Formal Regions (uniform)
Regions defined by governmental or administrative boundaries (States, Countries, Cities)
Regions defined by similar characteristics (Corn Belt, Rocky Mountain region, Chinatown).
Functional Regions (node) Regions defined by a function (newspaper service area,
cell phone coverage area). Vernacular Regions (perceptual)
Regions defined by peoples perception (middle east, the south, etc.)
Formal Regions
Functional Regions
Vernacular Regions
Remembering the 5 themes
If you can’t remembering what they are just ask MR. HELP!!!M – MovementR – RegionsHE – Human Environment interactionL – LocationP - Place
Your assignment Describe you and your family using the 5 Themes
of Geography. Make sure you use every theme. Type your biography, double space.