Elementary Science

Science Focus LessonSC.5.L.14.2Plants and Animals

Polk County Public Schools

SC.5.L.14.2 Benchmark: Compare and contrast the

function of organs and other physical structures of plants and animals, including humans, for example: some animals have skeletons for support — some with internal skeletons others with exoskeletons — while some plants have stems for support.

Essential Question:How can we compare and contrast the

function of organs, and other physical structures of plants and animals?

Vocabulary: organism structure vertebrateinvertebrate exoskeleton

A living thing is called an organism.

A body part that does a certain “job” for an organism is called a structure.

The “job” that a structure does is called its function.

Just as we have organs in our bodies that carry out different functions, plants and

animals do also. Humans and animals have many of the

same organs, and these

organs carry out similar functions.

Like humans, animals have a heart, lungs, stomach, brain, pancreas, intestines, kidneys, bladder, liver, skin, or body

covering, and sensory organs.

They also have organs

for reproduction likehumans do, such astestes and ovaries.

While humans and animals share many of the same structures, there are some

differences also. Gills are a structure that some animals have

that allow them to remove oxygen from water. (breathe under water)

The bones of many animals differ from those of a human.

Animals may be vertebrates (with a backbone) or invertebrates (without a backbone).

Many invertebrates have an exoskeleton, which is a hard covering on the outside of their body that protects their soft parts inside.

VertebratesAnimals that have a

backbone are vertebrates

All vertebrates have an endoskeleton (internal skeleton)

Vertebrates are classified into mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish.

InvertebratesAnimals that do not

have a backbone are invertebrates

Include sponges, worms, snails, jellyfish, clams, and starfish

Invertebrates with an exoskeleton include lobsters, crabs, crayfish, shrimp, ticks, scorpions, insects, and spiders.

SummarizingWrite in your Science

Notebook:

3 Ways that humans and other animals may be alike

2 Ways that humans and other animals may be different

1 Definition of a “function”

Plant Structures

While humans and some animals have skin, plants also have a covering that functions as protection for the plants organs.

Plant organs include the roots, stem, and leaves.

RootsRoots are organs that carry out 3 functions for

a plant.They take in water and other materials from

the soil.They hold the plant in the soil.They store extra food that the plant doesn’t

need right away.

Stem

• The stem of a plant can be compared to the skeleton of an animal. It is responsible for supporting the plant and holding the leaves up to the sunlight, just like the skeleton provides support for your body.

LeavesUnlike animals and people,

plants are able to make their own food.

The main function of the leaves, is to make food for the plant.

They make food for the plant by using the sun’s energy in the process called photosynthesis.

FlowersSome plants produce

flowers as part of their life cycle.

Flowers produce fruits that contain seeds.

A seed contains a tiny undeveloped plant and a supply of food for the plant.

Flowers come in many different shapes, sizes, and colors, but they all help plants reproduce, just like the ovaries and testes help animals to reproduce.

SporesMosses and ferns

do not reproduce with seeds, they reproduce with spores.

Spores are seed like structures that produce new plants.

They do not develop in flowers or cones.

SummarizingTalk to your shoulder partner:

What are some ways that plants and animals are alike and different?

Guided Practice1. Which of the following is something

that plants and animals do NOT have in common?

a. heartb. lungsc. gillsd. brain

C is the Correct Answer!

Humans do NOT have the ability to breathe under water like fish because we do not have gills.

2. Which of the following groups of animals includes vertebrates?

a. amphibians

b. birds

c. mammals

d. all of these groups are vertebrates

Vertebrates are animals with backbones. Vertebrates are divided up into 5 groups. They are mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians.

D is the correct answer!

3. Roots are one of the organs in a plant. Which of the following is NOT a function of the roots?

a. to make food for the plantb. to hold the plant in placec. to soak up nutrients from the soild. to store extra food that the plant

doesn’t need right away

The roots are not responsible for making food for the plant. That is the function of the leaves. They make food for the plant through a process called photosynthesis.

The correct answer is A!

SummarizingAnswer this question in your Science

Notebook.

Talk about some of the structuresin plants that you have learnedabout. What are the functions of these structures?

Check Your Understanding1. Which of the following is a

characteristic of an invertebrate?a. they can have an endoskeletonb. they can have an exoskeletonc. they can have a backboned. None of these are characteristics of

an invertebrate.

Check Your Understanding 2. Plants and animals have

similarities and differences. Which of the following is a way that plants are different from animals?a. they can reproduceb. they can make their own foodc. they have organs that help to carry out

different functionsd. they need air to live

Check Your Understanding3. Fruits contain seeds produced by a

flower. What is inside of a seed?a. An undeveloped plant and a supply of

foodb. Some chemicals that help with

photosynthesisc. A flowerd. A nutrient that makes the stem

stronger so it is able to support the plant

Check Your Answers1. B- Invertebrates do not have an

endoskeleton (a skeleton inside their bodies) or a backbone.

2. B- Plants are able to make their own food.

3. A- Flowers use seeds to reproduce. A seed contains an undeveloped plant (the beginning of a new plant) and a small supply of food for the plant.

Write in your science notebook to tell about some similarities and differences between plants and animals.

Summary Question