Platon Notes - Constitutional Law (Gorospe)

8/16/2019 Platon Notes - Constitutional Law (Gorospe)

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a limitation upon the power of the state.” The purpose is to

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applied when the challenged statute’s classification is based on

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violation of a person’s rights

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4#nduct, while taxation is revenue generation. The “lawful

subjects” and “lawful means” tests are used to determine the

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The Due Process Clause protects “life, liberty and property”

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“No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without

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Respondents’ claim that the distinction between refusing lifesaving

medical treatment and assisted suicide is “arbitrary” and “irrational”

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“John Doe” Warrants

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G.$#"F%? #$ *H% >3*H#"C*C%& *H>* H% C& *# ?%I>.? *# _

1%#1* *H% X>& !>& U#*%< C. T>.C,

). %.*">1F%.* J>& ?%KC&%? I+ P)-B`T 6.>"4#*C4& 4#FF>.?: >.?

>E%.*& #$ *H% I3"%>3 #$ 43&*#F& *H%. %.&3%?,

YH% _ J%"% >""%&*%?,

YH%+ ".%? *H>* )FC?3 &*>+& >* "##F O=_ #$ *H% &>F% H#*%.? /H# J%"% IC< !>F% 234HC.?> X%>.E&C"C J"C**%. #.C* *34W%? JC*HC. *H% 1>E%& #$ HC& *%.? >??"%&& I##W, ).?

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P)-B`T J%.* *# -#+>< !>.? &%>"4H%?

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0%.%">< "3 &%>"4H >.? &%CA3"% F3&* I% 4>""C%? #3* *H"#3EH >

V3?C4C>< J>"">.*,

[D4%1*C#.& 6=:' C. 4>&% #$ F#KC.E K%HC4"">.* "4H 4>. I%

4#.?34*%? I%4>3&% C* C& .#* 1">4*C4>I"4HC.E *H% &>F% &C.4% &34H 4>. I% a3C4W.* F>+ I% EH*,

XCFC*>*C#.& $#" *H% %D4%1*C#.'

>, C* C& "4H%&5 *H% %D>FC.>*C#. #$ *H%

K%HC47>/06 /: S>5:5T

[D4%1*C#. 67:' C$ *H%"% C& .1:R-R80 F-4&% >* I>"5 *H%"% J>& .# 1"#I>I3&% $#" *H% 1#* *H% 4>"*#. H% 4>""C%? 4#.*>C.%? F>"CV3>.>, P%C*H%" ?C?

*H% 4>"*#. %F>.>*% > ?C&*C.4* &F%& *H>* #$ F>"CV3>.>, P#" ?C? />""#&>4* &3&1C4C#3&I3&%,

Waiver of unlawful search and seizure… to constitute a waiver, it must

>11%>" $C"&* *H>* *H% "CEH* %DC&*&^ &%4#.?5 *H>* *H% 1%". C.K#?

W.#J4*3>< #" 4#.&*"34*CK%5 #$ *H% %DC&*%.4% C$ &34H "CEH*^ &*5

*H% 1%". H>? >. >4*3>< C.*%.*C#. *# "%F#3.*

*# 1%"FC&&C#. *# F>W% > &%>"4H *H%"%C.,

-3&W%? JH>* J>& ?%? #.

&34H5 *H% >11%.&J%" >11%>"C.E 1>.? .%"K#3&, YH%+

4H%4W%? *H% 4>"E# >.? ?C&4#K%"%? *H>* C* 4#.*>C.%?

>.CA%? 4#.?34*#" JC"%& %D4< 1#J%" 4#"1#">*C#.: U% J>& 4#.KC4*%? #$ *H%$*, U#J%K%"

#. >11%>.? *H%

>?FC&&CICC.%?,

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U[X\' *H%"% C& .# 1"#I>I3&% >.? *H%"%$#"% CI3&% &CE.C$C%& > "%>.>I.* > 4>3*C#3&

man’s belief that the person accused is guilty of the offense with which

H% C& 4H>"E%?, YH% "%a3C"%? 1"#I>I3&% JC J>"">.*"4H >.? &%CA3"% C& .#* ?%*%"FC.%? I+ > $CD%? $#"F3 I3* C& "%,#"?C.E *# *H% $>4*& #$ %>4H 4>&%,

“stopS>.?Ssearch” without warrant at military or police checkpoint

JHC4H H>& I%%. ?%4"%? .# *# I% C& & C* C&

J>"">.*%? I+ *H% %DCE%.4C%& #$ 13I.? 4#.?34*%? C. > J>+

&* C.*"3&CK% *# *H% F#*#"C&*&,

Routine inspections are not regarded as violative of an individual’s righ

>E>C.&* 3."%>.>I"4H, XCFC*>*C#.& #$ "#3*C.% C.&1%4*C#.&'

>, LH%"% *H% 1#C. #$ >

K>4>.* K%HC4"W%? #. *H% 13IC" E"#3.?&,

I,

2CF1.*& >"% .#* &3IV%4*%? *# > 1H+&C4>< #" I#?+

&%>"4H%,

LH%"% *H% C.&1%4*C#. #$ K%HC4< &%>"4H

#" C.&1%4*C#.

$,

-#3*C.% 4H%4W C& 4#.?34*%? C. > $CD%? >"%>

P#.% #$ *H% $#I3&% >& J#3


23/160

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4C"43F&*>.4%& &1%4C$C4>& C.K>4*C#. #$ *H%

1#C.%? C. *H% &%>"4H 4>..#* I%

>?FC**%? >& %KC?%.4% $#" >.+ 13"1#&%& #$ 1"#4%%?C.E,

YH% &3IFC&&CK% >4*C#.& #$ *H% ?"CK%" JC*H "%E>"?& *# *H% &%>"4H5 &%%F&

J>CK%" #$ *H% .%%? $#" > J>"">.* *# &%>"4H, U#J%K%"5 4#.&C?%"C.E

*H% 4C"43F&*>.4% JH%"%C. =O >"F%? F%. JH# J%"% *H%"% *# &%>"4H *H%

K%HC4&*%"5 H%"%C. 1%*C*C#.%"5 *H3& H% C& C. .# J>+

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"CEH* *# ?3% 1"#4%&&,

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24/160

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43&*#F& #$$C4%& .#* #."? >.? &%>"4H K%&&%"+ *# *H% J, G. *H% C.&*>.* 4>&% *H%

1%*C*C#.%" 4#3.E%"#3& C$ .#* ?C&>&*"#3&

) %.>>@ stop must be justified at its inception and ‘reasonably

related in scope to the circumstances which justified’ *H% C.C*C><

&*#1

YH% "%>.>I"*C. T4Z>??%.: #I&%"K%? *J#

3.C?%.*C$C%? F%. #. > &*"%%* 4#".%" C. HC& I%>*, )& *H% #$$C4%" J>*4H%?5

*H% F%. *##W *3".& J> &H#"* ?C&*>.4% ?#J. *H% &C?%J>.?

1%%"C.E C. > 1>"*C43" &*#"% JC.?#J, )$*%" %>4H 4C"43C*5 *H% F%. J#3+& %>"!#1#5 T>.C5 J>& #. $##* 1>*"#< JC*H

*H"%% #*H%" 1#* !A>

TC">.?>, YH%+ 4H>.4%? 31#. *J# E"#31& #$ T3&* #11#&C*% &C?%&

#$ *H% 4#".%" #$ @3%A#. /#3"? .%>" *H% T%"43"+ \"3E 2*#"%, YH%&%

men were acting suspiciously with “their eyes moving very fast.” Yu and

HC& 4#F1>.C#.& 1#&C*C#.%? *H%F&%* &*">*%EC4 1#C.*& >.? #I&%"K%?

I#*H E"#31& $#" >I#3* _8 FC.3*%&, YH% 1#4H%?

#.% E"#31 #$ F%.5 JH# *H%. $&%5 c3 4>3EH* 31 JC*H >.? >11"%H%.?%? 2>FF+

T>4>* + T>.?>", b1#. &%>"4HC.E T>4>*5 c3 $#3.? > $">EF%.*>*C#.

grenade tucked inside the latter’s “front waist line.” Yu’s companion

1#.5 >11"%H%.?%? )I?3< B>&>. $"#F JH#F

> ,_R 4>* J>& C.4C?%.*>< *# > J$3< >""%&*, YH% *"C>< 4#3"* *H3& $#3.?

T>4>* E3C"4H F>?% #. T>4>* C& K>< "3& "%E>"?& >""%&*&5 &%>"4H%& >.? &%CA3"%& C& *H>*


25/160

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> J>"">.* C& .%%?%? C.

#"?%" *# K>< 1"#HCIC*C#. >E>C.&*

3."%>.>I""%&*&5 &%>"4H%& >.? &%CA3"%& "%$%"& *# *H#&% %$$%4*%?

JC*H#3* > K>.*5 &3IV%4* *# 4%"*>C. %D4%1*C#.&, )&

"%E>"?& K>"">.*""%&*&5 *H%&% >"% $#3.? C. 2%4*C#. Q5 -3: H>& I%%. ?%.#F inated as one “in

flagrante delicto,” while that under Section 5(b) has been described as

a “hot pursuit” arrest. Turning to valid warrantless searches, they are


26/160

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6. The defendant’s belief that no incriminating evidence will be

$#3.?

M, YH% .>*3"% #$ *H% 1#I*% #$ *H% 1%".

4#.&%.*C.E

G* C& *H% 2*>*% JHC4H H>& *H% I3"?%. #$ 1"#KC.E5 I+ 4" >.?

1#&C*CK% *%&*CF#.+5 *H>* *H% .%4%&&>"+ 4#.&%.* J>& #I*>C.%?

>.? *H>* C* J>& $"%%.? K#"C*%& K, \">+*#.

Q_9 b,2, =NO5 =Q_ X [? 7? 7O75 =77 2 B* 7=8Q 67887:

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?"3E >.? J%>1#.& C.*%"?C4*C#. %$$#"*, X>.E >11"#>4H%? *H%

"%&1#.?%.*& – \">+*#. >.? /"#J. – JH# J%"% &%>*%? *#E%*H%"5 H%

?%4"%? *H>* *H% 1#* I#*H

"%&1#.?%.*& J%"% J%>"C.E H%>K+ V>4W%*& >.? I>EE+ 1>.*& ?%&1C*% *H%

J>"F J%>*H%", U% >&W%? /"#J. JH%*H%" H% FC.?%? C$ X>.E 4H%4W%? HC&

1%"., /"#J. >E"%%?5 >.? > 1>*S?#J. "%K%>"? #IV%4*& &CFC" *#

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*>1%? 4#4>C.% I%*J%%. *H%C" &H#"*&,

-%&1#.?%.*& F#K%? *# &311"%&& *H% 4#4>C.% #. *H% E"#3.? *H>* *H%

1>*S?#J. &%>"4H%& J>& C.K>.E ?C? .#* C.$#"F *H% "%&1#.?%.*&

61>&&%.E%"& C. *H>* I3&: #$ *H%C" "CEH* *# "%$3&% *# 4##1%">*%,

)"4H5 >.? *H% *#*>& K#"+5 *H%

&%>"4H%& J%"% "%>.>I+& C.$#"F 4C*CA%.& #$ *H%C" "CEH*

*# "%$3&% JH%. &%%WC.E 1%"FC&&C#. *# 4#.?34* > J>"">.*"4H, LHCI. %$$%4*CK% 4#.&%.*,

(4>- $.0>?6./

B#""%*%? *# *H% *C#. #$ 1"CK>4+ JHC4H >

1>&&%.E%" F3&* .%4%&&>"CK% *# "%4#E.CA% >.? >44%1*5 1>"*

#$ *H% 1"C4% $#" *">K% F#?% #$ *">.&1#"*>*C#. *H>* H>&

&1%4C>< 4#.4%".& $#" &>$%*+ >.? &%43"C*+

!%#1& >I#3* *# $4W *# b2), )* P)G) ?%1>"*3"% >"%>5

` ->FC"%A5 *H% ?+ C. 4H>"E% #$ $"C&WC.E ?%1#"*C.E 1>&&%.E%"&

$"C&W%? ]#H... Ramirez felt something hard on Johnson’s abdominal

>"%>, b1#. C.a3C"+5 ]#H.. %D1C.%? &H% .%%?%? *# J%>" EC"?& &H%

H>? 3.?%"E#.% >. #1%">*C#., P#* &>*C&$C%? JC*H *H% %D1.>*C#. >.?

with the consent of her superior, took Johnson to the lady’s room $#"C.&1%4*C#., ->FC"%A >&W%? H%" *# I"C.E #3* *H% *HC.E 3.?%" H%" EC"?E&5 JHC4H JH%. %D>FC.%? *3".%?

#3* *# I% F%*H>F1H%*>FC.% H+?"#4H&&1#"* >.? *C4W%* J%"% *>W%.,

2H% a3%&*C#.& *H% "">.*"4H 4#.?34*%? >* H%"

1%".,

!%".& F>+ .? &%CA3"% 43&% I+

%D1#&3"% #$ *H%C" 1%".& #" 1"#1%"*+ *# *H% 13I F>..%"

"%$ 4W #$ &3IV%4*CK% %D1%4*>*C#. #$ 1"CK>4+5 JHC4H %D1%4*>*C#.

C%*+ C& 1"%1>"%? *# "%4#E.CA% >& "%>.>I"% #$*%. .#*C$C%?

*H"#3EH >C"1#"* 13I??"%&& &+&*%F&5 &CE.&5 >.? .#*C4%& C. *H%C"

#.* *H%+ >"% &3IV%4* *# &%>"4H >.?5 C$ >.+

1"#HCIC*%? F>*%"C>


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28/160

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to suppress the Fourth Amendment’s normal requirement of

C.?CKC?3>"">.*""%&*& JC*H#3* J>"">.* >"% V3&*C$C%? I+ *H% $>4* *H>* *H%

1%". *# I% >""%&*%? C& 4>3EH* C. *H% >4* 6 41 9805>01-. 2.84?-,:5

C& >11"%H%.?%? 13"&3>.* *# > 6,- /=4- 5 #" C& >. %&4>1%?

1"C.%"

&1 H805>01-. G.84?-,

b.?%" *HC& %D4%1*C#.5 *H% >""%&* C& V3&*C$C%? I+ *H% K%"+ $>4* *H>*

*H% 4"CF% C& 4#FFC**%? #" C& >I#3* *# I% 4#FFC**%? C. *H% K%"+

1"%&%.4% #$ *H% 1%". F>WC.E *H% >""%&*

YH%"% C& .# F#"% .%%? $#" > J>"">.* >& *H% 43.?%?

“Reliable information” alone is not sufficient to justify a

J>"">.*""%&* 3.?%" 2%4*C#. Q6>:5 -34*

*H>* J#3


29/160

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30/160

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1"#&%43*C#.5 6C: JH%"% *H% 4H>"E%& >"% F>.C$%&*.? F#*CK>*%?

I+ *H% & I%%.

?%.C%?5 >.? 6W: 1"%"+ C.V3.4*C#. H>& I%%. C&&3%? I+ *H% 2B *#

1"%K%.* *H% *H"%>*%.%? 3.J$3< >""%&* #$ *H% 1%*C*C#.%"&,

G. *H% 4>&% >* I>"5 9E 2XDY ;-< 5:/ S>:8-/06 &C.4% 1%*C*C#.%" H>? > "CEH*

*# 1"%K%.* *H% >""%&* I%4, C* J>& C. >.?

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YH% P/G >E%.*& >"% >* $>3. >.?

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31/160


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1"#4%%?C.E&,

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6=:

YH% 4H>"E%& >E>C.&* *H% H%"%C. 1%*C*C#.%"& 4#.&*C*3*% C. %$$%4* >. >4*

#$ 1"#$C*%%"C.E5 H#>"?C.E #" I4WF>"W%*C.E #$ b2 ?#*C#.,

There seems to be no doubt that the President’s power of

C.K%&*CE>*C#. F>+ I% ?%*%?, YHC& C& 4" $"#F > "%>?C.E #$ 2%4*C#.

69 of the Revised Administrative Code which provides for a “prior

C.K%&*CE>*C#.5 4#.?34*%? I+ &>C? [D%43*CK% 6*H% !"%&C?%.*: ,> 64/

0=-6,>4;.2 05ent.” 67:

2%4*C#. 9N #$ *H% -%KC&%? )?FC.C&*">*CK% B#?%5 31#. JH#&%

authority the President’s power to deport is predicated, does not

1"#KC?% $#" *H% %D%"4C&% #$ *H% 1#J%" *# >""%&*,

). CF13*H#"C*+

J>& E">.*%? I+ *H% J #. *H% F>**%" 3.?%" ?C&43&&C#.5 *H>* J#3


33/160

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G$ W.#JC.%? $"#F >. C.?%1%.?%.* "4% *H%+ F>+

I% 1"#K%? .+ #*H%"&5 I3* *H% W.#JC.%? I+ *H%

Government’s own wrong cannot be used by it in the way proposed

)??C*C#.>< 2>.4*C#.& $#" ;C#*C#.& #$ *H% 03>">.*%%

G. >??C*C#. *# *H% %D4"+ "3& > F%>.& #$ ?%*%""%.4%5

*H% %""C.E #$$C4%"& F>+ >< 1"#&4"C1*C#. >E>C.&*

3."%>.>I"4H%& >.? &%CA3"%&

TU! 0>"F%.*&5 G.4, K, B#3"* #$ )11%>4*&' TU! 0>"F%.*&5 G.4 J>& >J>"?%? *# I% *H% %D4.?

C.&CE.C>& I+ *H% /#+ 24#3*& #$ *H% !HC& I%%. ECK%. *H%

authority to “undertake or cause to be taken the prosecution in court

of all illegal sources of scout uniforms and other scouting supplies.” In

`4*#I%" =NR_5 1%*C*C#.%" "%4%CK%? C.$#"F>*C#. *H>* *H% 1"CK>*%

"%&1#.?%.*& 6)E.%& ;C< X3E>*CF>. >.? 0%"*"3?%&

0#.A>"% &%1H%".>,

YH% 1%*C*C#.%"5 JH# J>& *>&W%? *# 4#.?34* &3"K%C.? "%1#"*5

*#E%*H%" JC*H *J# !HCI3"+ #$$C4%"& 6!B:5 J%.* *# *H%

"%&1#.?%.*& &*#"% and without warrant, seized boy and girl scouts’

1>.*&5 ?"%&&%& >.? &3C*& JHC4H >"% #. ?C&1+, YH% "%&1#.?%.*& $C

4"CFC.>< 4#F1C.* $#" 3.$>C" 4#F1%*C*C#.5 I3* J>& ?C&FC&&%? I+ *H%!"#KC.4C>< ZC&4>< #$ -CA>.? *H%

C*%F& *H>* J%"% "%*3".%? J%"% #$ *H>* C.$%"C#" a3>"4H >.? &%CA3"% C& C*C#' YH% 4#.&*C*3*C#.>< 1"#*%4*C#. #$ #3" 1%#1E>C.&* 3."%>.>I"4H >.? &%CA3"% C& .#* F%"% 1&C.E 1*C*3?%, G* K#34H&>$%& #3"

"CEH* *# 1"CK>4+ >.? ?CE.C*+ >E>C.&* 3.?%&C">I*% C.?CKC?3>. >J>"? $#" ?>F>E%&,

s2%4*C#. 75 )"*C411%>" E3C"%

.%K%"*H%"+ C& 1"#K%?,

sYH%"% C& > 1"#E"%&&C#. #$ *CF% I%*J%%. *H% "%4%C1* #$ C.$#"F>*C#. >.?

*H% ">C? #$ *H% &*#"%& #$ 1"CK>*% "%&1#.?%.*&, G* &H#J& &3$$C4C%.* *CF%

$#" *H% 1%*C*C#.%"& >.? *H% !B ">C?C.E 1>"*+ *# >11.? W% *H% 1%".& JH# >"% ?C"%4*& J%&

C.?C"%4**%?

“directly” should be held liable. Art. 32 of the Civil Code encompasses

JC*HC. *H% >FIC* #$ C*& 1"#KC&C#.& *H#&% ?C"%4*& J%& C.?C"%4*IC< ?>F>E%& >"% .#* >J>"?%? *# 1%.>.* I3* *#

4#F1%.&>*% *H% 1C.*C$$ $#" *H% C.V3"C%& H% F>+ H>K% &3$$%"%?,

YH% J>.*#..%&& #$ *H% J"#.E$3< &%CA3"% V3&*C$C%& *H% >J>"? #$

%D%F1"+ ?>F>E%&, G* JC.?

&3.?"+ *H>* *H% 4#.&*C*3*C#.>< 1"#*%4*C#. >E>C.&* 3."%>.>I"4H

>.? &%CA3"% C& > KC"CE>C.&* C.*"3&C#.& ?C"%4*4*&' YH% 1%*C*C#.%"5 > /3"%>3 #$ ).? ZC"%>"F& >E%.*

1"%1>"%? >.? &CE.%? >. >11*C#. $#" > J>"">.* *# &%>"4H *H%

respondent’s ranch for specified weapons, explosives and records

JHC4H C& I>&%? #. *H% C.$#"F>*C#. #$ > 4#.4%".%? 4C*CA%., )11*C#.

J>& &311#"*%? I+ the petitioner’s affidavit that such items are there

*#E%*H%" JC*H > J>"">.* $#"F H% H>& 4#F1EC&*">*% 6V3?E%&CE.%? *H% J>"">.* $#"F %K%. C* ?C? .#* C?%.*C*+ >.+ #$ *H% C*%F& *H>*

the petitioner intended to seize. The description of the “per . #

property” described respondents’ two story blue house rather than the

>.? < J

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*The stated description of items to be seized in the warrant “single

dwelling residence…blue in color” did not describe the items to be

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no. 308 entitled “Adoption of a National Computerized Identification

Reference System” on constitutional E"#3.?& – 3&3"1>*C#. #$ *H% 1#J%"

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evidence in “plain view”.

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concealment or destruction of evidence on the suspect’s person. A valid

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of petitioner’s end of the conversations, overheard by FBI agents who

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#$ *H% $"%%?#F #$ &1%%4H >.? #$ *H% 1"%&&5 &34H %D*">#"?C.>"+

safeguards as the “facial challenge” and the use of the

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46/160

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4#FF3.C4>*C#. H>? C*& E%.%&C& not in the nation’s penal code but in the

/C">.*%%C.E $"%%?#F #$ &1%%4H >.? #$

*H% 1"%&&,

/#"V>< ?C? .#* >4* JC*H F>< *# H>K%

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4#.&C?%" *H>* 1%*C*C#.%" /#"V>< H>& KC#*%? *H>* "CEH* 6#$ *H%

respondent’s) nor abused his press freedom. We must however take

*HC& #11#"*3.C*+ *# 4*C*C#.%"& #$ *H% HCEH%*HC4>< &*>.?>"?& >**>4H%? *# >.? ?%F>.?%? I+ *H%C" .#I?4>&*C.E P%*J#"W G.4 6Z/PG: K, )E# T%?C4>.?

[?34>*C#.>< B%.*%"S/C4#< BH"C&*C>. B#"C#3& >.? 1>"%.*& >E>C.&* )T[BS/BBT, )* =: )T[B &*3?%.*& C. !H+&C4>< YH%">1H+ 4#F1C.%? *H>* *H%

4#3"&% C& .#* "%4#E.CA%? I+ \[B2 7:&*3?%.*& >"% "%a3C"%? *# *>W% >.?

1>+ $#" H% &3IV%4* %K%. C$ H% &3IV%4* ?#%& .#* H>K% >. C.&*"34*#"5

commenting such greed for money on the part of AMEC’s

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55/160

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-%&1#.?%.* 0#.A>.? H% C&5 #$ 4#3"&%5 %.*C*< 4#.?C*C#. #$ > FC&4#.?34* *H>*

subjects a lawyer to disciplinary action. The lawyer’s duty to render

"%&1%4*$3< &3I#"?C.>*C#. *# *H% 4#3"*& C& %&&%.*C>< *# *H% #"?%"?FC.C&*">*C#. #$ V3&*C4%

YH% B#3"* 4#.4* "%&1#.?%.* 0#.A>8/Q R:/, :?F:5/07./ F:41/ 41 90?4. ?=>40. >.? #$ A1:& >. #$$C4%" #$

*H% 4#3"* >.? F%FI%" #$ *H% />",

-%*C#.

=M8 2B-) = 6=NRN:

Facts: In his point D, respondent’s [Gonzales] counsel urges *H>* C* C&

error “for this Court to apply the ‘visible tendency’ rule rather than the

‘clear and present danger’ rule in disciplinary and contempt charges.

Held: The “clear and present danger” doctrine has been an accepted

F%*H#? $#" F>"WC.E #3* *H% >11"#1"C>*% C. 4#.*%D*&, G* C& .#*5 H#J%K%"5 *H% #.& I%%. "%4#E.CA%? >.? >11* *H% "CEH* C& .#* &3&4%1*CI.+ *C#., P# J F>+ I%

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Held: This court has held that, when “speech” and “nonSspeech”

%"% 4#FIC.%? C. *H% &>F% 4#3"&% #$ 4#.?34*5 > &3$$C4C%.*< C.*%"%&* C. "%E3*C.E *H% .#.S&1%%4H %. V3&*C$+ C.4C?%.*>< *C#.& #. ZC"&* )F%.?F%.* $"%%?#F&,

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3."%*%? *# *H% &311"%&&C#. #$ $"%% %D1"%&&C#.^ >.? C$ *H% C.4C?%.*><

"%&*"C4*C#. #. >. C&%&&%.*C>< *# *H% $3"*H%">.4% #$ *H>* C.*%"%&*,

YH% E#K%".F%.*>< C.*%"%&* >.? *H% &4#1% #$ *H% =N9Q )F%.?F%.* >"%

.? %$$C4C%.* $3.4*C#.C.E #$

the Selective Service System. When O’Brien deliberately rendered

3.>K>CI*C#. 4%"*C$C4>*%5 H% JC< >& %.>4*%? >.? >& >11.?

"%C.&*>*% *H% V3?EF%.* >.? &%.*%.4% #$ *H% \C&*"C4* B#3"*, YHC&

disposition makes unnecessary consideration of O’Brien’s claim that the

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G. "%*C#. *# "%E3*C#. #$ >4*CKC*C%& #" 4#.?34* #.

E#K%".F%.* 1"#1%"*+5 > ?C&*C.4*C#. J#3


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JH%"e a large number of people is expected to attend.” On the same

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&*3?%.*& JH# J%"% F%FI%"& #$ the editorial boards of the college’s

&4H##< 1>1%" 6BHC – -H#: >.? F>E>AC.% 6).E T>E>AC.E !>F1>.C*CW>. PE

BHC – -H#: $#" 4#.*%.*& *H%"%C. *H>* J%"% >.? 4%"*C#">"C JC*H 1"%"+ C.V3.4*C#.o"%&*">C.C.E #"?%"

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JHC4H H>& V3"C&?C4*C#., [CEH* #$ *H% %11%.*%? *H% 1%*C*C#. #$ *H% &*3?%.*& >.? ?%4"%? *H% -YB #"?%"5 >& J%.*%%& >4>?%FC4 $"%%?#F, YH% %&&%.*C><freedoms subsumed in the term “academic freedom” encompasses the

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6=:

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67: LH>* F>+ I% *>3EH*5

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YH% "CEH* #$ *H% &4H##< *# ?C&4C1* #.4% >11>"%.* C.

the third freedom, i.e., “how it shall be taught.” Accordingly, the right

*# ?Cscipline the student likewise finds basis in the freedom “what to

teach”.

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Among the reasons for the indispensability of the people’s

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speech clause.” visit fellester.blogspot.com The Court said that the

suspension “is not a prior restraint on the right of petitioner to

4#.*C.3% JC*H *H% I"#>?4>&* #$ ).E \>*C.E \>>. >& > 1%"FC* J>&

already issued to him by MTRCB,” rather, it was a sanction for “the

indecent contents of his utterances in a “G” rated TV program.”

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&C*3>*C#. %DC&*&,

!,-./01 a

31006:7 :? @08>A>:5

“No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion,

#" 1"#HCIC*C.E *H% $"%% %D%"4C&% *H%"%#$, YH% $"%% %D%"4C&% >.?

%.V#+F%.* #$ "%.4% #$ "%.*%%&5 %FI#?C%? C. *H% S

called “Establishment Clause” and “Free Exercise Clause”

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b2 K, />C. 03+ L, />C.5 H>? I%%. &%.? ?%&CE.>*%? I+

alleged “ascertained masters” as > ?CKC.% F%&&%.E%", YH%+ >


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the standards used are drawn from the Qu’ran and Islamic beliefs. By

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$C* $#" T3&"% 1"#HCIC*%? $"#F %.$#"4C.E *H%

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72/160

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&%43"C*+ >& C* H>? >*H #$ T>"4#& H>& .#* 4H>.E%? *H% $>4*3>< &4%.>"C#

3.?%" which the Court’s decision was rendered. The threats to the

E#K%".F%.* H>K% .#* I%%. &H#J. *# H>K% 4%>&%? >.? #. *H% 4#.*">"+5

C.&*%>? #$ %">&C.E $%>"& >& *# *H% ?%&*>IC*C#. *H>* JC3&%? I+

*H% "%*3". #$ *H% T>"4#&%&5 T"&, T>"4#& "%C.$#"4%? *H% I>&C& $#" *H%

decision to bar their return when she called President Aquino “illegal”,

claiming that Mr. Marcos is the “legal” President of the Philippines, and

declared that the matter “should be brought to all the courts of the

world”. President Aquino’s ?%4C&C#. *# I>" *H% "%*3". #$ *H% T>"4#&%&

and subsequently, Mr. Marcos’ remains at the present time and under

*H% 1"%&%.* 4C"43F&*>.4%& C& C. 4#F1.4% JC*H H%" I#3.?%. ?3*+ *#

1"#*%4* >.? 1"#F#*% *H% C.*%"%&* #$ *H% 1%#1I&%.4% #$ >

4" &H#JC.E *H>* &H% H>? >4*%? JC*H >"IC*">"C.%&& #" JC*H E">K% >I3&%

#$ ?C&4"%*C#. C. >""CKC.E >* *HC& ?%4C&C#.5 *H% B#3"* JC& *H3& ?%.C%? $#" 4W #$ F%"C*,

(66>/>:5-8 !-R01/Q :? (R:60 -56 31006:7 :? c:S0705/ G2I

!,-./01 Y

@>A,/ /: &5?:17-/>:5

“The right of the people to information on matters of public

4#.4%". &H>.&>4*C#.&5

#" ?%4C&C#.&5 >& J%& *# E#K%".F%.* "%&%>"4H ?>*> 3&%? >&

I>&C& $#" 1#*% C. 4H>"*C.E

*H%C" #J. ?%&*C.+ >.? *H>* #$ *H%C" E#K%".F%.*5 *H%. *H%+ F3&*

I% ECK%. &3$$C4C%.* ?>*> >.? C.$#"F>*C#. 31#. JHC4H *# I>&%

>.+ C.*%.C.E$3< ?%4C&C#.&

YH% C.4#"1#">*C#. #$ *H% "CEH* *# C.$#"F>*C#. C. *H%

B#.&*C*3*C#. C& > "%4#E.C*C#. #$ *H% $3.?>F%.*>< "#*C#. C. > ?%F#4">4+SS*H%"% 4>. I% .#

realistic perception by the public of the nation’s problems, nor

> F%>.C.E$3< ?%F#4">*C4 ?%4C&C#.SF>WC.E C$ *H%+ >"% ?%.C%?

>44%&& *# C.$#"F>*C#. #$ E%.%">< C.*%"%&*

) 1%". 4#3F3& *# 4#F1%< "%&1#.?%.* 13I*C#.& >.? >?FC.C&*">*CK% #"?%"&, YH% "%&1#.?%.*& &%%W *H%

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G22b[' L`P 13I*C#. C. *H% `$$C4C>< 0>A%**% C& > /41. Z=0 1,1

"%a3C"%F%.* $#" *H% %$$%4*CKC*+ #$ J& JH%"% *H% J& *H%F&%K%

&*>.?C.E *# I"C.E *H% 1%*C*C#. C. *H% $C"&* 14%,

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73/160

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*H% >$#"%F%.*C#.%? 4#3"*& 4#.&*C*3*C#.>F% J,

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E3C?%.?

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K%*# 1#J%",

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a3%&*C#.%? 4H%4W >"#3.? *H% &%4#.? J%%W #$ T>+ =NMN >.? *H>*

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"%&% #$ *H% 0>A%**% $#" 4C"43*C#. I%4>3&% 2%4, == #$ *H% -%KC&%?

)?FC.C&*">*CK% B#?% 1"#KC?%& *H>* $#" *H% 13"1#&% #$ >&4%"*>C.C.E *H%

date of effectivity of a law that needed publication, “the Gazette is

4#.4&

the date of issue”.

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Elements of “Taking”

Documents

Platon Notes - Constitutional Law (Gorospe)