PERENCANAAN GEOMETRIK.ppt

7/24/2019 PERENCANAAN GEOMETRIK.ppt

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PERENCANAANPERENCANAAN

GEOMETRIKGEOMETRIKDr. Ir. Dadang Mohamad Masoem, MSCE

Pusat Penelitian Jalan dan Jembatan

Batam, 13 1 !gustus"##$


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Pendahuluan

Perencanaan Merencanakan kemana jalan

sebaiknya menuju.

Operasi Perencanaan Geometrik, Tanda2 LaluLintas, dan Marka.

Perkerasan truktur perkerasan termasuk strate!i

rencana rehabilitasi.


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PerencanaanPerencanaan Geometrik JalanGeometrik Jalan

harus menghasilkan suatuharus menghasilkan suatualinyemen yang konsisten danalinyemen yang konsisten dan

uniorm untuk mengurangiuniorm untuk mengurangi

masalah!masalah!"alan yan! ideal sebaiknya memiliki

alinyemen yan! konsisten dimana alinyemen

#ertikal $tanjakan%turunan& dan alinyemen

hori'ontal $belokan& mempunyai kon(i!urasi

yan! nyaman


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Alinyemen "ori#ontal danAlinyemen "ori#ontal dan

$ertikal$ertikal

Sulit dan memerlu%an bia&aSulit dan memerlu%an bia&a

tinggi untu% mem'erbai%itinggi untu% mem'erbai%i%esalahan alin&emen setelah%esalahan alin&emen setelah

(alan dibangun.(alan dibangun.


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Tu%uanTu%uan

Mengenal %embali 'rinsi')'rinsi'Mengenal %embali 'rinsi')'rinsi'

dasar 'eren*anaan geometri% (alan.dasar 'eren*anaan geometri% (alan.


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Prinsip )asar Penentuan Lokasi

*lemen jalan seperti tikun!an, tanjakan%turunan,

dan lainnya harus serasi satu sama lainnya untuk

men!hasilkan suatu sistem yan! menyediakan

aliran lalu lintas yan! mudah pada kapasitas

rencana yan! memenuhi kriteria dan standar

keselamatan.

ebaiknya meminimalkan kerusakan pada areaatau ban!unan+ban!unan yan! bersejarah


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aktor+(aktor yan! dipertimban!kan dalam

proses penentuan lokasi

Topo!raphy

osial dan demo!raphy $termasuk tata !una dan 'onin!&

)ataran dan kondisi tanah

-rah rute

Pelayanan rute untuk daerah industri dan daerah padatpenduduk

Persimpan!an den!an (asilitas transportasi lainnya$kereta api, sun!ai, jalan lain&


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omponen

Perencanaan-linyemen /ori'ontal

or Tampak -tas

-linyemen 0ertikal

or Tampak ampin!

Poton!an Melintan!

*1ui#alent to aerial photo

Menunjukan ketin!!ian setiap

titik sepanjan! jalan

Menunjukan luas cut(ill


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Gam&ar AlinyemenGam&ar Alinyemen

"ori#ontal"ori#ontal


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Alinyemen "ori#ontalAlinyemen "ori#ontal

Diren*ana%an berdasar%an 'ada hubunganDiren*ana%an berdasar%an 'ada hubungan

&ang sesuai antara %e*e'atan ren*ana,&ang sesuai antara %e*e'atan ren*ana,

leng%ungan, +ri%si, dan %emiringan (alanleng%ungan, +ri%si, dan %emiringan (alan

Se'an(ang (alur leng%ung, %endaraanSe'an(ang (alur leng%ung, %endaraan*enderung tertari% %eluar dengan ga&a*enderung tertari% %eluar dengan ga&a

*entri'etal*entri'etal *enter o+ *urature -lateral*enter o+ *urature -lateral

a**elerationa**eleration

Balan*ing dengan %emiringan dan beratBalan*ing dengan %emiringan dan berat%endaraan -+ri*tion bet/een tire and%endaraan -+ri*tion bet/een tire and

road/a&road/a&

AliAli


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AlinyemenAlinyemen

"ori#ontal"ori#ontal

1.1. 0angents -urus0angents -urus

".". CuresCures

-0i%ungan2eng%ungan-0i%ungan2eng%ungan

3.3. 0ransitions -0ransisi0ransitions -0ransisi0i%ungan 'erlu su'ereleation0i%ungan 'erlu su'ereleation


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Jenis TikunganJenis Tikungan

1.1. 0i%ungan Sederhana0i%ungan Sederhana

".". 0i%ungan Com'ound multi'le *ures0i%ungan Com'ound multi'le *ures

*onne*ted dire*tl& together -use /ith*onne*ted dire*tl& together -use /ith*aution go +rom large radii to smaller*aution go +rom large radii to smaller

radii and hae 4-large 5 1.6 4-smallradii and hae 4-large 5 1.6 4-small

3.3. 0i%ungan 4eerse t/o *ures,0i%ungan 4eerse t/o *ures,o''osite dire*tion -re7uire se'arationo''osite dire*tion -re7uire se'aration

t&'i*all& +or su'ereleation attainmentt&'i*all& +or su'ereleation attainment


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Tikungan 'ederhanaTikungan 'ederhana


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Karakter (asarKarakter (asar

4 8 (ari)(ari ti%ungan dalam meter4 8 (ari)(ari ti%ungan dalam meter PI 8 titi% 'ertemuanPI 8 titi% 'ertemuan

PC 8 titi% mulai ti%unganPC 8 titi% mulai ti%ungan

P0 8 titi% %embali lurusP0 8 titi% %embali lurus I2I28 sudut 'ertemuan8 sudut 'ertemuan 0 8 (ara% lurus dalam meter0 8 (ara% lurus dalam meter E 8 (ara% luar dalam meterE 8 (ara% luar dalam meter 8 'an(ang leng%ungan dalam meter 8 'an(ang leng%ungan dalam meter

RR


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Rumus)rumusRumus)rumus

*engkungan*engkungan0 8 4 tan0 8 4 tan 2"2"

E 8 4 -se*E 8 4 -se* 2" 12" 1

8 8 421$#421$#

9 8 4 sin9 8 4 sin

: 8 4 - 1 *os: 8 4 - 1 *os


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Contoh PerhitunganContoh Perhitungan

Suatu leng%ungan hori;ontalSuatu leng%ungan hori;ontal

diren*ana%an dengan (ari)(ari 6#. 0entu%an station titi%

mulai lurus -P0, berada 'ada =M?.mulai lurus -P0, berada 'ada =M?.


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Ja+a&anJa+a&an

0 8 4 tan0 8 4 tan 2"@2"@13# 8 "# > -" > 6Station P0 8 -1#1 > "# > -" > 6


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*engkungan Ga&ungan*engkungan Ga&ungan


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Re,erse Cur,esRe,erse Cur,es


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Ma-imum .rictionMa-imum .riction

Maximum side friction factorMaximum side friction factoron /eton /et

*on*rete 'aements ranges +rom #.6 at*on*rete 'aements ranges +rom #.6 at

1## %m2h to #.6 at 3# %m2h -ehi*le s%ids1## %m2h to #.6 at 3# %m2h -ehi*le s%ids

f V

R

e=

2

324 3556umus

(riksi


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Minimum RadiusMinimum Radius

R V

e f

min

ma7 ma7$ &

=

+

2

324355

8here90 : #elocity $km%h&

e : superele#ation

( : (riction

i i dii Mi i R dii C


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Minimum Radii or Cur,esMinimum Radii or Cur,es

+ithout 'u/erele,ation+ithout 'u/erele,ation

Very large radii

enable usin! the

normal cross slopes

since the centri(u!al

(orce is so ;eak that

can be balanced by

the side (riction

e#en ;here the cross

section is re#erse

$the mass

component adds tothe centri(u!al

(orce&.

Jarak Pandang /adaJarak Pandang /ada


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Jarak Pandang /adaJarak Pandang /ada

*engkungan "ori#ontal*engkungan "ori#ontal


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-ssume that the len!th o( the hori'ontal cur#e e7ceeds the re1uired ),

vt

Gfg

vSSD +

=

&$2

2

;e ha#e svRSSD =3


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ubstitute into &

2

cos3$

= RM , !i#es

&>5

cos3$v

vsR

SSDRM

=

=

v

svv

R

MRRSSD

3cos

>5

;here Ms : middle ordinate necessary to pro#ide ade1uate stoppin!

si!ht distance.


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E-am/leE-am/le

! hori;ontal *ure on a high/a& is! hori;ontal *ure on a high/a& is

designed /ith a


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'olution'olutionBe*ause the *ure radius is usuall& ta%enBe*ause the *ure radius is usuall& ta%en

to the *enterline o+ the road/a&, 4 8 4 to the *enterline o+ the road/a&, 4 8 4 3.2" 8


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eng%ung Gerti%aleng%ung Gerti%al


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Pertimbangan Umum


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$ertical Cur,es$ertical Cur,es Pur/ose o $ertical Cur,esPur/ose o $ertical Cur,es

) Sa+e and *om+ortable transition bet/een grades) Sa+e and *om+ortable transition bet/een grades

) !de7uate sight distan*e a*ross the (un*tion o+ t/o) !de7uate sight distan*e a*ross the (un*tion o+ t/ogradesgrades

) Satis+a*tor& a''earan*e) Satis+a*tor& a''earan*e

$ertical Cur,e .undamentals$ertical Cur,e .undamentals

general +orm o+ 'araboli* e7uation is & 8 aH" > bH > *general +orm o+ 'araboli* e7uation is & 8 aH" > bH > *

& 8 eleation and H 8 stations +rom origin and * 8& 8 eleation and H 8 stations +rom origin and * 8eleation o+ the origineleation o+ the origin

slo'e 8 d&2dH 8 "aH > b, at origin H 8 #, i.e. b 8 d&2dH 8slo'e 8 d&2dH 8 "aH > b, at origin H 8 #, i.e. b 8 d&2dH 8

11 rate o+ *hange o+ slo'e 8 d"&2dH 8 "arate o+ *hange o+ slo'e 8 d"&2dH 8 "a

also, d"&2dH 8 ")12also, d"&2dH 8 ")12

i.e. a 8 ")12"i.e. a 8 ")12"


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Types of Vertical Curves


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Properties o( a typical #ertical cur#e


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E9!MPEE9!MPE


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E9!MPEE9!MPE

C!C!0I KL EEG!0IKS !K !C!C!0I KL EEG!0IKS !K !

C4ES0 GE40IC! C4GEC4ES0 GE40IC! C4GE

! 'lus 3.# grade interse*ts a minus! 'lus 3.# grade interse*ts a minus

".# grade at station >36# and at".# grade at station >36# and at

an eleation o+ 1F#.6## m. ienan eleation o+ 1F#.6## m. ien

that a "6# m length o+ *ure isthat a "6# m length o+ *ure isutili;ed, determined the station andutili;ed, determined the station and

eleation o+ the PC and P0. Cal*ulateeleation o+ the PC and P0. Cal*ulate

eleations at eer& "# m station andeleations at eer& "# m station andlo*ate the station and eleation o+lo*ate the station and eleation o+

the high 'oint o+ the *ure.the high 'oint o+ the *ure.


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'olution'olution

1 8 > #.#3 m 'er m@ " 8 #.#" m 'er m1 8 > #.#3 m 'er m@ " 8 #.#" m 'er m 8 "6# m@ 2" 8 1"6 m 8 "6# m@ 2" 8 1"6 m Station lo*ations +or the PC and P0 areStation lo*ations +or the PC and P0 are

PC station 8 PI station 2" 8PC station 8 PI station 2" 8 > 36# > 36#

1"61"6 8 8 > ""6 > ""6P0 station 8 PC station > 8P0 station 8 PC station > 8 > ""6 > > ""6 >"6#"6# 8 8 >


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'olution'olution

0Cont120Cont12

o*ation o+ high 'oint *an beo*ation o+ high 'oint *an be*al*ulated as +ollo/*al*ulated as +ollo/

Nigh 'oint station 8 PC station > 16#Nigh 'oint station 8 PC station > 16#m 8m 8

> ""6 > 16# 8 > ""6 > 16# 8 > 3 3


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'olution 0Cont1!2'olution 0Cont1!2


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Other termsOther terms

BGC 8 Begin o+ Gerti*al CureBGC 8 Begin o+ Gerti*al Cure

-GPC 8 Gerti*al Point o+ Curature-GPC 8 Gerti*al Point o+ Curature

EGC 8 End o+ Gerti*al Cure -GP0EGC 8 End o+ Gerti*al Cure -GP08 Gerti*al Point o+ 0angen*&8 Gerti*al Point o+ 0angen*&

PGI 8 Point o+ Gerti*al Interse*tionPGI 8 Point o+ Gerti*al Interse*tion

-GPI 8 Gerti*al Point o+-GPI 8 Gerti*al Point o+Interse*tionInterse*tion

Si h Di C V i l C


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Sight Distance on Crest Vertical Curve

( )( )

m.inhei!htobject

m,insur(aceroad;ayabo#eeyeo(hei!ht

C,inchan!e!rade

m,indstancesi!ht

m,incur#eo(len!htminimum

9;here

2552or

255or

2

3

2

23

223

2

=

=

=

=

=

+=

+

=#.6 grade and a 1.#a >#.6 grade and a 1.#

grade +or a road /ith a 1##grade +or a road /ith a 1##

%m2hr design s'eed. 0he erti*al%m2hr design s'eed. 0he erti*al

*ure must 'roide 1F# m*ure must 'roide 1F# msto''ing sight distan*e.sto''ing sight distan*e.


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'olution'olution

!ssume S 5 !ssume S 5

1F.3 m 5 1F# m -S A , there+ore1F.3 m 5 1F# m -S A , there+oreuse SA +ormulause SA +ormula

So the re7uired is 1# mSo the re7uired is 1# m

mHH

ASLm @D.3D>

&3?.5>2.5$255

&3>5&E$5.3$?.5F

&$255 2

2

2

23

2

=+

=

+=

m

A

HHSLm [email protected]$255&3>5$2

&$2552

22

23=

+=

+=


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Stopping Sight Distance

Consideration

hei!ht.objectm,5.3?

$"6&m,>2.5

$--/TO&,sur(aceroad;ayabo#eeyeo(hei!htm,54.3

9settin!a(ter

@A22GD5D2or

&$@A2

$--/TO&GD5D

or

2

3

3

22

=

=

=

====>

=

===>

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PERENCANAAN GEOMETRIK.ppt