paper on new generation Wireless techniques

8/6/2019 paper on new generation Wireless techniques

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THIAGARAJAR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

(Autonomous institution)

SALEM-5

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

RECENT TRENDS IN WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

AUTHORS

HARISH.N (Final year)

E-MAIL: [email protected]

RANJITH.B (2ndYear)

E-MAIL:[email protected]


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CONTENTS`

INTRODUCTION

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION


SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS

DIGITAL SOUND AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING

BLUETOOTH

ULTRA WIDE BAND (UWB)

REQUIREMENTS OF UWB

WIDER APPLICATIONS OF UWB

A CLOSER LOOK AT UWB TECHNOLOGY

OFDM MODULATION

MANUFACTURING CONSIDERATIONS

SUMMARY

CONCLUSION

REFERENCE


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ABSTRACT

In recent years, plenty of interest has been shown in wireless technology. The

wireless local area networks (WLAN), referred to as Wi-Fi. The importance ofWi-Fi is

currently very evident; almost all laptops and PDAs or even Cell Phones have Wi-Fias

a standard feature. The main objective behind our paper is to discuss the next

generation standards in Wireless. In this paper we are going to discuss about the new

trends like Wireless Communications, Recent trends in Wireless technology, Bluetooth

and Ultra wide band.


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INTRODUCTION

The term wireless is normally used to refer to any type of electrical or electronic

operation which is accomplished without the use of a hard wired connection. Wireless

communication is the transfer ofinformation over a distance without the use of electrical

conductors or wires. The distances involved may be short or very long. Wireless

communications is generally considered to be a branch of telecommunications.

Wireless is most commonly used in the telecommunications industry (e.g., radio

transmitters, receivers, remote controls, etc.) which use some form of energy like radio

frequency (RF), infrared light, laser light, visible light, acoustic energy, etc to transfer

information without the use of wires. Information is transferred in this manner over both

short and long distances.

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION:

Wireless is a term used to describe telecommunications in which electromagnetic

waves (rather than some form of wire) carry the signal over part or the entire

communication path.

Common examples of wireless equipment s:

Cellular phones and pagers: Provide connectivity for portable and mobile

applications, both personal and business.

Global Positioning System (GPS): Allows drivers of cars and trucks, captains

of boats and ships, and pilots of aircraft to ascertain their location anywhere on

earth.

Cordless computer peripherals: The cordless mouse is a common example;

keyboards and printers can also be linked to a computer via wireless.

Cordless telephone sets: These are limited-range devices, not to be confused

with cell phones.

Satellite television: Allows viewers in almost any location to select from

hundreds of channels.


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1. Satellite Communications

Satellite systems have limited capacity due to power limitations combined with

large foot print requirements as well as orbital and radio spectrum limitations. Initially

designed for fixed satellite service, this technology is increasingly being used for Direct-

to- Home (DTH) broadcasting. A good number of satellite operators are able to make

profits thanks to the broadcasting services they are rendering. The reason behind is the

very low tariffs offered by the optical fiber network operators.

As a result many satellite operators expand their broadcasting related services.

Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSATs) are purely proprietary systems, but there is a

new trend to go to open standardization amongst some VSAT manufacturers. It is worth

noting that low cost VSATsystems with switching process in the sky bird should also

be ready for deployment very soon. They will effectively interconnect the rural

population in remote areas to modern telecommunication services at affordable cost.

2. Digital Sound and Television Broadcasting (DTH Broadcasting)


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Transportation of broadcasting signals has also become mostly digital. DTH

broadcasting service and programme/news exchange networks are also swiftly

switching to digital technology. Similar tendency is to be noted in the cable networks for

the distribution of sound and television broadcasting programmes.

Digital terrestrial sound and television broadcasting systems are already on the

increase, and likewise the mobile systems. There is thus an obvious difficulty for

decision makers and planners when choosing the appropriate standards and

technology. The digital broadcasting technology has the potential of the creating many

new value added multimedia services, downloading pre-selected files or programmes,

targeted advertisements or other data. All this could be done even on board of a vehicle

driven at high speed.

In contrast, the mobile terminals when on the move, because of the nature of

signal processing used, decode correctly less data (with the increase of the speed of the

cellular terminal at 100 km/h only 10% of the normal data stream could be decoded for

use). Therefore, it is expected that asymmetric interactive systems will be built by the

merger of IMT-2000 operators and broadcasters (another example of technology

convergence). Meanwhile asymmetrical interactive systems are ready for consumption

by the DTHsatellite broadcasting industry.

3. BLUETOOTH


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What is Blue tooth?

RANGE OF BLUETOOTH

Range Range(Approximate)

1.~100 meters

2.~10 meters

3.~1 meter

ADVANTAGES OF BLUETOOTH

Wireless (No Cables)

No Setup Needed

Low Power Consumption (1 Milliwat)

Industry Wide Support

Some of the Bluetooth enabled devices are

Blue tooth is a wireless Personal Area

Networks (PAN). Bluetooth provides a way to

exchange the information between devices

such as mobile phones, laptops, pcs, printers,

digital cameras, mouses etc., In Bluetooth the

datas can be accessed at the rate of

1megabit per second.


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UWB allows for high data throughput with low power consumption for distances

of less than 10 meters, or about 30 feet, which is very applicable to the digital home

requirements. The fastest data rate publicly shown overUWB is now at 252 Mbps, and

a rate of 480 Mbps is expected to be shown in the future.

Requirements for the digital home include high-speed data transfer for

multimedia content, short-range connectivity for transfer to other devices, low power

consumption due to limited battery capacity, and low complexity and cost due to market

pricing pressures and alternative wired connectivity options. Transfer of video from a

camcorder to an entertainment PCis one scenario. Another model is the ability to view

photos from the user's digital still camera on a larger display. Removing all the wires to

the printer, scanner, mass storage devices, and video cameras located in the home

office is another possible scenario.

Closely related is wireless connectivity for consumer electronics devices.

Portable CE audio/video (A/V) devices such as DVcamcorders, digital still cameras,

portable MP3 audio players, HDTV displays, personal video recorders (PVRs), and

Entertainment PCs and emerging personal video players are likely candidates for the

early UWB mainstream market.

Wider Applications OF UWB

The concept of a UWB radio spans many different applications and industries

and has been coined the "common UWB radio platform." The UWB radio, along with the

convergence layer, becomes the underlying transport mechanism for different

applications, some of which are currently only wired. Some of the more notable

applications that would operate on top of the common UWB platform would be wireless

universal serial bus (WUSB), IEEE 1394, the next generation of Bluetooth, and

Universal Plug and Play (UPnP). You can see a diagram of this vision below.


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This concept has many potential applications since it creates the first high-speed

wireless interconnects. UWB technology offers a combination of performance and ease

of use unparalleled by other interconnects options available today.

Presently, wired USB has significant market segment share as the cable

interconnect of choice for the PCplatform. But the need for the cable itself points to

convenience and usability challenges for users. By unleashing peripheral devices from

the PC while still providing the performance users have come to expect from wired USB

connections, wireless USB running on ultra wideband promises to gain significant

volume in the PC peripheral interconnect market segment.

An example application for UWB would be bringing a mobile device like a

portable media player (PMP) in proximity to a content source like a PC, laptop, or

external hard disk drive. Once authentication and authorization is established, the

device and PC can perform bulk data transfer of video files onto the PMP for later

viewing.

Within the consumer electronics industry, there is demand for wirelessly

connecting various devices such as DVDs, HDTVs, set-top boxes (STBs), PVRs,

stereos, camcorders, digital cameras, and other CE devices. Wireless ease of use and

data transfer performance is a key factor for adoption in this category.

For example, wireless connectivity would be ideal for a wall-mounted plasma

display where, for aesthetic reasons, users prefer not to have cables from an STB or

of at least 500 MHz.A Closer Look at UWB Technology


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Entertainment PC visible. A variation on this usage model is the ability to stream content

to multiple devices simultaneously. This would allow picture-in-picture functionality or

viewing of the same or different content on multiple viewing devices.

A traditional UWB transmitter works by sending billions of pulses across a very

wide spectrum of frequency several GHz in bandwidth. The corresponding receiver then

translates the pulses into data by listening for a familiar pulse sequence sent by the

transmitter. Specifically, UWB is defined as any radio technology having a spectrum that

occupies a bandwidth greater than 20 percent of the center frequency, or a bandwidth

The band plan for the MBOA proposal has five logical channels. Channel 1,

which contains the first three bands, is mandatory for all UWB devices and radios.

Multiple groups of bands enable multiple modes of operation for MultiBand OFDM

devices. In the current MultiBand OFDM Alliance's proposal, bands 13 are used for

Mode 1 devices (mandatory mode), while the other remaining channels (25) are

optional. In addition, the proposal also allows flexibility to avoid channel 2 when and if

U-NII (Unlicensed-National Information Infrastructure) interference.

The multiband OFDM Modulation band

of at least 500 MHz.

With the formation of the MultiBand OFDM Alliance (MBOA) in June 2003, OFDM

for each sub band was added to the initial multiband approach in order to develop the

best technical solution for UWB. To date, the MultiBand OFDM Alliance has more than

60 participants (and growing) that support a single technical proposal for UWB.


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OFDM Modulation

Although this adds complexity to the design of the radio, it is important to note

that the key signal-processing block in OFDM(the FFT/IFFT) has been shown to require

around 50K gates, which contribute only a very small area to the total silicon real estate.

Furthermore, the functionality can be integrated in deep submicron CMOS processes,

resulting in Moore's Law scaling for the majority of the receive-path functions.

Summary

Researchers and engineers are working to deploy UWB technology in the near

future. With the standardization of a common UWB development platform, device

manufacturers in the PC, mobile, and consumer electronics industries will have the

opportunity to choose UWB as a physical layer. By doing so, they will be able to take

advantage of the low power and high bandwidth this technology provides.

Intel researchers are working on a variety of UWB technologies, including a

platform for next-generation development efforts, and believe it will be a critical step in

enabling advanced communications for a wide range of uses in the future.

CONCLUSION

The information transmitted on each band is modulated using OFDM. OFDM

distributes the data over a large number of carriers that are spaced apart at precise

frequencies. This spacing provides the orthogonality in this technique, which prevents thedemodulators from seeing frequencies other than their own. The benefits of OFDM are

high-spectral efficiency, resiliency to RF interference, and lower multipath distortion.

By using OFDM modulation techniques coupled with multibanding, it becomes

easier to collect multipath energy using a single RF chain and allows the receiver to deal

with narrowband interference without having to sacrifice sub bands or data rate. These

advantages relate to the ability to turn off individual tones and also easily recover

damaged tones through the use of forward error-correction coding.

Manufacturing considerations


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Thus in our paper we have seen a lot of information about some new wireless

techniques. When we overview about the advantages we have lot of industrial wide

applications like power consumption, time consuming and there is no need for setup.

But there are also some disadvantages. In wireless communications we have no

essential security; In UWB and Bluetooth we will have some air disturbances. But we

should keep in our mind that each and every thing discovered by man has both merits

and demerits. Any way we can say that WIRELESS TECHNOLOGYis one of the boons

given by the science to us.

References


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1) www.wikipedia.co.in

2) www.wirelesstechniques.com

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paper on new generation Wireless techniques