Third Generation Wireless

3G Wireless

The Next Generation - Introduction

3G Wireless

• What is 3G?

• The Vision

• Business Implications and the Markets

• Applications

• Alternative Technologies

• Standards

• Capacities

What is 3G?• First Generation Wireless : Analog• Second Generation Wireless (2G): Digital• Second Generation Wireless + (2G+): More

Data• Third Generation Wireless (3G):

– Universal Global Wireless Voice and Data System

• Worldwide Effort Toward 3G– International Standard Underway: IMT-2000

Comparison 2G vs. 3G Networks• Today’s Networks (“2G Networks”):

– Circuit-switched Data or Limited Bandwidth Packet-switched Data– Separate Networks for Voice and Data

• Third Generation Networks (“3G Networks”)– Improved Capacity on Radio Interface (Increased Number of Users Per Cell)– Improved Vocoder Technology (Lower Bit Rate Voice)– Packetized Voice and Data (More Efficient Use of Transport)– Single, Integrated Network (More Efficient Staffing for Provisioning and

Maintenance)– Standard Interfaces (Takes Advantage of Competitive Hardware Pricing)– Capable of Supporting Higher Rate Data and Integrated Voice and Data Services

(New Revenue Opportunities)– Transport (E.G., Routers, Switches, and Gateways) Are Separated From Service

and Call Control Intelligence (Lower Cost of Transport Elements, Open Interfaces for Service Development Encourage Rich Service Offerings)

Why A New Generation? - Business & Technical

View: A New Generation Network Can Move All the Elements in the Right

Direction

Profitability = Revenue - Expense

Investment

• Retain Top Customers and Increase Revenue With Bundles

• Improve Time to Market• New Services• Increase Capacity

• Operate One Network, Not Two

• Fewer Physical Interfaces

• Improved Flowthrough

• Simpler Handsets

• Cost Advantages of Data-centric Equipment

• Avoid Multiple Overlays• Lower Initial Cost - Pay

As You Go• Common Data Bases

The 3G Vision• Global Seamless Roaming• Common Worldwide Spectrum• Multiple Radio Environments• Wide Range of Services -Voice & Data Equally • Flexible, Spectrum Efficient Technologies • Wireless - Wireline Integration• Enhanced Security and Performance • Wireline Services and Quality Levels• Rapid Introduction of New Technology

3G Vision - Applications

• Potential 3 G Service Applications Include:– Voice – E-Mail – SMS– Fax – LAN Access– E-Commerce– Internet Access (High-Speed Fixed and Mobile)– Multi-Media Including:

• Interactive Games• 1 and 2 Way Video Phone and Teleconferencing• Collaborative Multi-Media

• Killer Application ???????

3G Note: Many 3d

Party content providers needed. Business

arrangements will be more

complex.

3G Vision - Building Blocks

Advanced Multimedia and Data Services

Personalization

Multi-Rate & High-Speed Services

Landline Equivalent Services and Quality

Flexible, Efficient Channel Management

High Capacity, Low Power

Intelligent Systems

Rapid Introduction of Features

Seamlessness

Services / Features System Building Blocks

3G Vision - Characteristics

• Variety of Multi-Mode Terminal Types• Common Radio Interfaces• Open Architecture • Modular Design

– 3G Stand Alone or Integrated to Existing Networks

– Framework for Mobility Services from Fixed Network

– Service Provision by Multiple Networks

3G Vision - Interoperability

• Legacy Systems

• Interoperability Between Different Standards (E.G., ANSI-41, GSM Based Networks)

• How Achieve Interoperability?– Goal: One Global Standard or “Family of

Standards” World Wide: IMT - 2000– Phased Implementation

3G Wireless

Business and Market Issues

3G Business Issues• Market:

• Rapid Growth Continues• Competition Increases• Transition to Data and Multi-Media

• What’s At Stake:• Vendor Sales With New Technologies• Vendor Health / Survival• Continued Robust Market Growth / Carrier Health

• Major Trade Offs• Level of Backward Compatibility• Handset, Network or Combined Interoperability Solution• Speed of Implementation

Market Trends• 3G Wireless Infrastructure Expenditures Reach $7.7 Billion by 2006

Source: Strategis Group: “3G Wireless, Demand, Standard, and Technology”

• PCS Industry Revenues of $88B in 2007Source: Andy Sukawaty, CEO, Sprint PCS

• World Cellular & PCS Subscribers 1 Billion by 2010Source: F. Craig Farrill, Vice President, Strategic Technology, Airtouch Communications

3G In World Markets• Drivers in Asia / Pacific Countries

– Capacity for Voice Growth

• Drivers in Europe– New Revenue from Services

• Drivers in U.S.– New Revenues– Competitive Differentiators

Segmenting the Market - When 3G?

• Asian Pacific Rim Market (2000-2001)– Transition Motivation: Need to

Increase Voice Capacity, 2G+ Sufficient for Some?

• European Market (2001-2003)– Transition Motivation: Need to

Develop and Provide Value Added Services

– GSM Built Out• U.S. Market (2003-2005)

– Transition Motivation: Need a Reason for Transition From 2G to 3G

– 2G Network Being Built Out

2000 - 2001

2001 - 2003

2003 - 2005

3G Wireless

Major Alternative Technologies

CDMA I

How do service providers get from 2G to 2G+ to 3G?

IS-95A CDMA

GSM EDGE

IS-95B

IS-95C95 HDR

Aircraft 144kbps

Pedestrians 384kbps

Mobile 144kbps

Fixed2Mbps

ITUDECT

cdma2000

DECT

TD-SCDMA

UTRA

CDMA II

W-CDMA/NA

W-CDMA/Japan

WIMS/W-CDMA

IS-136 TDMA

GSM MAP

GSM MAP

PDC

ANSI 41

ANSI 41

UWC-136

WAP

WWWW3G

Major Air Interfaces Evolution 2G Technology 3G

TechnologyIS-95 CDMA

GSM

IS-136 TDMA

cdma2000

W-CDMA

UWC-136

Harmonization

• Four Multiple Access Schemes– Multi Carrier CDMA - FDD– Direct Sequence CDMA - FDD– TDMA/CDMA - TDD– TDMA - FDD/TDD

3G Wireless

Standards

3G Standards• International Mobile Telecommunication

Standards For the 21st Century: IMT - 2000– ITU Radio and Network Standards– Phased Implementation– Allocated Spectrum 1.8 - 2.2 Ghz– Family of Systems / Standards– Support Circuit Data, Digital Voice and Packet

Services– Minimum Speeds:

• 144 kbit - Vehicle, 384 kbit - Pedestrian, 2 Mbps - Fixed

IMT-2000: Family of Systems Concept

Member A

Member B

Member C

IMT-2000 Family

IMT-2000: Family of Systems

• The Family Members Must: – Communicate With Each Other & Support:

• Each Other’s Users via Roaming • Circuit Switched Voice • Packet Switched Data Services

– Interworking• 3GPPs primarily, and ITU secondarily, plans to

Develop this Function where it is needed

IMT-2000: Concept

Packet Network

Packet Switch

Base Station

Base Station

Base Station

Interface - Satellite

Interface - Vehicle

Interface - Personal or Indoor

PBX

RadioRadio

Interface

Interface - Paging

IMT-2000 System

Data Base

Data Base

Manager

Personal

Phone

End Office Switch

Tandem Switch

End Office Switch

Tandem Switch

Other IMT-2000 Systems

PSTN

ISDN

STPMSC

Internet

3G Note: Operational Support Systems, Provisioning, and Billing for Multiple Complex Services ??

IMT-2000: ITU Standards Groups & Forums

• ITU-R: Responsible for Layer-1 / Air Interface

• ITU-T: Responsible for Upper Layers / Mobility Signaling

• 3GPP: UMTS Global Specifications• 3GPP-2: ANSI 41-based Global Specifications• Operators Harmonization Group (OHG)• Regional SDOs Participate in Harmonization Efforts

(ETSI, TI, TIA, ARIB, TTC, TTA, CWTS)

• ITU-R Spectrum Input to World Administrative Radio Conference 1992 (WARC-92) and Other Spectrum Usage World Wide

ITU

2010 20251980

MSS MSS*

1930

FPLMTSMSSMSS*

FPLMTS

2160 2170 2200 MHz

*Region2

1885 2110

PHS

20101980 2025

JAPAN

2110 22002170

FPLMTSMSSMSSFPLMTS

18951885 1918.1 MHz

1980 2110 22002170

FPLMTSMSS

19001880

DECT

2010

MSSFPLMTS FPLMTS

2025 MHz

Europe

2110 220021652150

Reserve MSSBroadcast Auxiliary

1910 1930 1990 2025

MSS

1850

PCS*PCS

A B CD E F

PCS

A B CD E F

MHz

U.S.A

20101980 2025

China

2110 22002170

MSSMSS

1900 1920 MHz* 1710-1755/1805-1850:DCS1800

*1865 1880 1945 1960

CDMA FDD-WLL

FDD-WLLCDMA

TDD-WLL

IMT-2000: US RTTs

• Four IMT-2000 Radio Transmission Technologies (RTTs) Submitted Initially by US to ITU:

– cdma2000 – WIMS

– W-CDMA – UWC-136

• W-CDMA and WIMS Merged to WP-CDMA

IMT-2000: Global RTTs

• Initially, Five RTTs Categories Under Consideration in ITU for IMT-2000 Standard. – TD-SCDMA Based on TDD Submitted by

China– DECT Supported by European Operators– UWC-136 Evolved From ANSI-136– WCDMA Evolved From GSM– cdma2000 Evolved From IS-95

IMT-2000: Global RTTs Adjustment

• To reflect the recent OHG proposals, the RTTs Categories were recently adjusted to:– CDMA Direct Spread FDD– CDMA Multi-Carrier FDD– CDMA TDD– UWC-136– DECT

IMT-2000: 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)

• Global Partnership to Develop GSM Based Standards

• Organizational Partners:– ETSI (Europe) - T1 (USA)– ARIB (Japan) - TTA (Korea)– TTC (Japan) - CWTS (China)

• One Project Co-ordination Group (PCG)

• Four Technical Specification Groups (TSGs)

IMT-2000: Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)

• GSM to UMTS Evolution: – High Bit Rates - Multi-Media Services

– Mixed Services - Dual Mode Terminals

• Air Interface Technology:

– W-CDMA: ETSI’s UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access

(UTRA) Technology

– Provides for FDD/TDD Dual Mode Operation

Terminals

– Compatible to 2G GSM systems

– Non-Compatible to IS-95 based CDMA

IMT-2000: 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2)

• Global Partnership for Technical Specifications Based on ANSI-41

• Organizational Partners:– TIA (USA), ARIB (Japan), TTA (Korea),

TTC (Japan)• One Steering Committee (SC) • Six Technical Specification Groups (TSGs)

IMT-2000: Operators Harmonization Group (OHG)

• Operators to Harmonize 3G Approaches• Agreement: A Single Terrestrial Standard IMT-2000

Radio Interface • Two High Level Groupings (Five total air standards -

above):– CDMA

– TDMA

• Capability of Operating on Both GSM-MAP and ANSI-41

• OHG Proposed Three Modes for the CDMA Grouping


• OHG Supports 3 Mode (3G3) CDMA– Multi Carrier (MC) - Direct Sequence (DS)

– Time Division Duplex (TDD)

• The Key Parameters for Global 3G (G3G) CDMA:– Standard for Direct Sequence (DS) Based on the FDD mode of the

W-CDMA Proposal

– Standard for Multi-carrier (MC) Based on the cdma2000 Proposal

– Standard for the Time Division Duplex (TDD) will be based on the TDD mode of the W-CDMA and the TD-SCDMA Proposal


3GPP and 3GPP2 accepted the recommendations of the Operators Harmonization Group (OHG)

3GPP will produce standards for the Direct Sequence (DS) and Time Division Duplex (TDD) modes

3GPP2 will produce standards for the Multi Carrier (MC) mode All modes will need to operate on both GSM MAP and ANSI-

41. The work in the 3GPPs will also include the inter-working between the evolved ANSI-41 and GSM MAP platforms

3GPP has changed the chip rate of its standard from 4.09 to 3.84 Mcps

3GPP2 is using 3.6864 Mcps chip rate for its standard

3G Wireless

Capacities

3G Capacities*• 1 and 2G System Capacities

• 2G + and 3G Capacities - TDMA

• 2G+ and 3G System CapacitiesEDGE Circuit-Switched Data (ECSD) Services

• Approximate cdma2000 Capacity

* Calculations for Rough Comparison Purposes Only.

Results of Calculations May Vary Significantly

With Local Implementation Conditions and Other Variables.

1G and 2G System Calculated* Capacities for Voice Channels

Bc = 15 MHz

TechnologyFrequency Re-use (N)

Total Traffic Channels Traffic Channels Per Cell

AMPS 715,000/30

= 500

(500/7)-1= 70

GSM 48x(15,000/200)

= 600

(525/4)-3= 147

IS-136 TDMA

73XAMPS

= 1500

(1500/7)-3= 211

N-AMPS 43XAMPS

= 1500

(1500/4)-3= 371

CDMA 139X11

= 429

429




2G+ and 3G System Calculated* Capacities

TDMA Circuit-Switched Data Services

Assumptions:- Circuit-switched (Guaranteed Data Rate to the Subscriber)- Bc = 15 MHz

TechnologyService

ScenarioFrequency Re-use (N)


IS-136 Data

28.8 kbps7

(3/3)XAMPS =

500(500/7)-3= 68

ECSDData

32 kbps3

(8/1)X(15,000/200) =

600(600/3)-3= 197

IS-136+ Data

43.2 kbps7

(3/3)XAMPS =

500(500/7)-3= 68

GSM HSCSD

Data 64 kbps

4(8/8)x(15,000/200)

= 75

(75/4)-3= 17

IS-136HS Outdoor

Data 64 kbps

3(8/2)x(15,000/200)

= 300

(300/3)-3= 97

ECSDData

64 kbps3

(8/2)X(15,000/200) =

300(300/3)-3= 97




2G+ and 3G System Calculated* Capacities

EDGE Circuit-Switched Data (ECSD) Services

Assumptions:- Circuit-switched (Guaranteed Data Rate to the Subscriber)- Bc = 15 MHz

TechnologyService

ScenarioFrequency Re-use (N)


ECSDData

32 kbps3

(8/1)x(15,000/200) =

600(600/3)-3= 197

ECSDData

64 kbps3

(8/2)x(15,000/200) =

300(300/3)-3= 97

ECSDData

155.2 kbps3

(8/4)x(15,000/200) =

150(150/3)-3= 47

ECSDData

310.4 kbps3

(8/8)X(15,000/200) =

75(75/3)-3= 24




Approximate Calculated* cdma2000 Capacity

• Results are very similar to simulation results reported in cdma2000 RTT [3].

• For N=3 and data rate 76.8 Kbps, throughput is 0.146 Mbps/MHz/Sector (3-sector cells), or 0.44 Mbps/MHz/Cell. Simulation results reported in [3] provided throughput range of 0.15 - 0.21 Mbps/MHz/Sector for different environments, data modes (circuit, packet), and latency (low delay, long delay)

• Throughput/capacity results don’t include the guard band needed: 1.25MHz

• Higher data rates can be supported for a single user per sector because there is no same-cell interference

Service Scenarios Traffic Channels Per Sector(3-sector cells)

Bc = 1.2288 MHz(N=1)

Bc = 3.6864 MHz(N=3)

1. Voice 9.6kbps (EVRC) 26 772. Data 38.4 kbps 5 143. Data 76.8 kbps 2 74. Data 153.6 kbps 1 45. Data 460.8 kpbs 0-1 16. 1 Data user 76.8 kbps + Voice 9.6 kbps (from comparing rows 1&3)

13 voice 66 voice

* Calculations for Rough Comparison Purposes Only. Results of Calculations May Vary Significantly With Local Implementation Conditions and Other Variables

3 G Next Steps

• Continuing Efforts:– Standards– Trials and Technical Research Lead to

Standards Modifications– Market Research – Regulatory– Phased Commercial Implementation

• The Market Decides