Next Generation Wireless S Chen

Next Generation Wireless S Chen

Towards Fully Connected World

Sheng Chen

Next Generation Wireless

School of Electronics and Computer Science

University of Southampton

Southampton SO17 1BJ

United Kingdom

E-mail: [email protected]

https://www.southampton.ac.uk/∼sqc/

1


What is AI

• Information management and processing is as old as human society

– Talking information management/processing must mention computing andcommunication, which happen to be two pillars of AI

• What is AI?AI = ed · C

2

– ed represents Electronic Digital infrastructure– C is Communication,– C is Computing

• Electronic and digital revolution, mobile communication revolution lead to ourconnected digital world

– Without this, there will be no AI– Not surprisingly, current AI new hype coincides with coming 5G

2


Brief AI History

• Pre AI period: Second World War

– Code breaker - after war, leading to digital computer - information processing

– Less known is ‘traffic analysis’, analyze German communication flows - after war,leading to networked communication - information management or ‘spy’

• Birth of AI and initial hype (1950s - 1970s), with new wonder computer lots werepromised by AI, but little were realized

• AI Winter (1980s - 1990s)

• Endeavour (1980s - 2010s) We not calling AI, but CI ‘computation intelligence’,

– During this period, mobile communications went through from birth (1G) to 4G,and beyond 4G was in development by 2010s

• Reborn to new hype (now), not surprisingly, this coincides with 5G

3


Wireless Communications History

• Marconi on Isle of Wight

• Global Mobile Date Traffic, 2017 to 2022 (exabyte equals to 1018 bytes)

Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2017-2022 White Paper

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/

white-paper-c11-738429.html

4


5G Revolution

• eMBB: enhanced mobile broadband (standards specified)

• mMTC: massive machine-type communications (standards in progress)

• URLLC: ultra-reliable and low latency communications (standards in progress)

5


Fully Connected World?

• 5G will revolutionize our society

– Massive rate, 1 to 10Gbps end to end– Massive connections, IoTs – every device connected– Ultra low latency for autonomous driving, intelligent transport system, etc

• With 5G, fully connected world anywhere anytime? – We are connected anywhere

anytime on land, but not in sky or on ocean

– Step on jumbo jet, we disappear into a non-G black hole

– Holiday on cruise ship, we disappear into a non-G black hole

• Researchers are considering fully connected world by

– Connecting City in the Sky to realize Internet above the Cloud– Connecting City on the Ocean to realize Internet above the Wave

• 5G is just being deployed, and we have already working on 6G

6


City in the Sky

• Normal snapshot of world’s commercial airspace

7


Internet above the Cloud

• Huge number of people are travelling by aeroplane, and sky is full of jumbo jets

– We all dream ‘Internet above the Cloud’

• Vey important: We are not talking aeronautical systems for air traffic control,surveillance, safety monitoring, etc

– We CANNOT do anything even near to these systems!

• We are thinking NEW commercial aeronautical ad hoc network (AANET)

– which enables us to do usual things at home, at work or travelling on land

• In this globally interconnected AANET, apart from higher-layer protocols to bedefined, including Internet gateway, cache policy, etc

– Physical layer transmission protocol is key to connect City in the Sky

– Our current technologies capable of realizing such an AANET

8


Terrestrial Mobile Network

Internet

Backhaul

• Hidden from us are backhaul transmissions, which really enable us to do our usualthings, such as mobile Internet access

9


Aeronautical Ad Hoc Network

• Jumbo jet is a moving ‘cell’, where ‘base station’ and all its ‘mobiles’ or passengers move together

• ‘Mobiles’ or passengers can access to ‘base station’ via standard technique, such as WiFi

• Air-to-air transmissions, acting like backhaul, is really key to connect City in the Sky

Internet

��

��

��

��

Air−to−air

Air−to−satellite

Air−to

−gro

und

10


Enabling Air-to-Air Transmission

• Aircraft a∗ calculates transmit precoding matrix based on channel estimate

• Aircraft a∗ selects an ACM mode to transmit data according to its distance da∗

b∗ to b∗

If dk ≤ da∗

b∗ < dk−1 : choose mode k; k ∈ {1, 2, · · · , K}

d0 = Dmax, maximum communication rage, and da∗

b∗ ≥ Dmin for safety minimum separation

Time

Data transmissionReceivedsignal processing

Time

RZF−TPC matrix

Channel estimation DistanceInterference link

Generate the

Desired link

ACM modeSwitch

Pilot training

Va∗

b∗

2A

1

a∗

b∗

da∗

b∗

A2

1

b∗ a

∗

DRAs 2DTAs

2

1 Nr

DTAs 1Nr· · ·

1

2 DRAs

· · ·

1

2

Nt

Nt· · ·

· · ·

11


Our Ocean

• Normal snapshot of world’s commercial maritime traffic: truly City on the Ocean

12


Connecting City on the Ocean

• Current research proposal attempts connecting every ship to land mobile networkvia a shore station or satellite

– Connection by satellite is extremely expensive and offers very low data rate,moreover, impossible to have satellite capacity to support this application

– Shore station can only reach a ship a few km away with low data rate andimpossible to built sufficient number of shore stations

• Rather than impossible task of connecting every ship to land mobile network via,e.g., shore station, we connect ships to form oceanic ad hoc network (OANET)

– To connect ‘City on the Ocean’ and realizing ‘Internet above the Wave’

• This globally interconnected OANET needs international agreement on higher-layerprotocols, Internet gateway, cache policy, etc, and physical layer protocol

– Our current technology capable of realizing such an OANET

13


Towards Fully Connected World

• Global land network and Internet, AANET, and OANET are interconnected

• City on land, City in sky, or City on ocean - truly connected anywhere anytime

14


Challenges

• Global land network consists of various countries’ networks with fixed borders

– Infrastructure of each country’s land mobile network is fixed within country’sborder, and it is host, i.e., mobile, that is roaming

• Aeronautical and oceanic networks are truly global without borders

– Infrastructure is not fixed – node, i.e., aeroplane, is roaming

• Non-ideal e.g., China’s aeronautical network is constrained in China’s air space

– Flights of different owners go all over the globe and are mixed in the sky,similarly, ships of different owners are mixed in the ocean

– Ownership and operation issue of various parts of AANET and OANET

• Our technologies capable of connecting City in the Sky and City on the Ocean

– International agreement on ownership, operation and control needed, anddemands for Internet above Cloud and Internet above Wave will make it happen

15


Conclusions

• With 5G comes fully connected world ONLY on land – now we need to connectCity in the Sky and City on the Ocean, last frontier of connection black holes

• Current research proposals connect each aeroplane to land network via groundstation/satellite, and connect a ship to land network via shore station/satellite

– This is impossible task and wrong approach

• We need a completely new thinking – connect aeroplanes to form AANET andconnect ships to form OANET

– Physical layer air-to-air transmission technology is the key to connect City in theSky

– Physical layer ship-to-ship transmission technology is the key to connect City onthe Ocean

• By interconnecting land network, aeronautical network and oceanic network, werealize the fully connected world

16

Documents

Next Generation Wireless S Chen