B Y T

TRNG I HC DC H NI

TRN TH DUYT

NGHIN CU C IM THC VT,

THNH PHN HA HC, TRI THC S

DNG V TH TC DNG SINH HC CA

CY DY NG CA

(SECURIDACA INAPPENDICULATA HASSK.)

KHA LUN TT NGHIP DC S

H NI 2014

B Y T

TRNG I HC DC H NI

TRN TH DUYT

NGHIN CU C IM THC VT,

THNH PHN HA HC, TRI THC S

DNG V TH TC DNG SINH HC CA

CY DY NG CA

(SECURIDACA INAPPENDICULATA HASSK.)

KHA LUN TT NGHIP DC S

Ngi hng dn:

1. PGS.TS. Trn Vn n

2. DS. Nghim c Trng

Ni thc hin:

B mn Thc vt trng i

hc Dc H Ni

H NI 2014

LI CM N

Vi lng knh trng v bit n su sc, ti xin gi li cm n n:

PGS.TS. Trn Vn n, ngi thy ng knh ngi thy trao cho ti

ti v trc tip hng dn tn tnh, to nhng iu kin tt nht ti hon

thnh ti ny.

DS. Nghim c Trng, ngi thy trc tip hng dn, ch bo

tn tnh v gip ti hon thnh kha lun, ngi truyn cho ti s am m,

nhit huyt trong cng vic, gip ti vt qua nhng thi im kh khn nht

trong thi gian thc hin ti.

Ti cng by t lng bit n n:

Cc thy c, cng cc anh ch trong b mn Thc Vt, b mn Dc

liu, b mn Dc l, Trng i hc Dc H Ni quan tm gip du

dt ti trong sut qu trnh thc hin ti.

Ch Qung Vn Thanh (in Bin), b Lng Th Lc (Tuyn

Quang), b Triu Th L (Thi Nguyn) gip , to nhng iu kin

thun li trong thi gian nghin cu.

Ban gim hiu phng o to v cc thy c ging dy trong b mn

Thc Vt, cng nh trong trng i hc Dc H Ni trang b cho ti

nhng kin thc v k nng qu bu lm hnh trang ti vng bc tin vo

cuc sng.

Xin dnh li cm n chn thnh nht n gia nh v cc bn cng

kha K64 v cc em K65, K66 cng lm ti b mn Thc vt, Trng

i hc Dc H Ni, ng vin, gip ti rt nhiu trong qu trnh thc

hin ti.

H Ni, ngy 12 thng 5 nm 2014.

Sinh vin lm ti

Trn Th Duyt

MC LC

LI CM N ........................................................................................................

DANH MC CC BNG ....................................................................................

DANH MC CC HNH NH ...........................................................................

T VN ..............................1

PHN I: TNG QUAN ...................................................................................... 3

1.1. c im thc vt v phn loi chi Securidaca L. ............................. 3

1.1.1. V tr phn loi ca chi Securidaca L. .............................................. 3

1.1.2. c im thc vt, phn b ca chi Securidaca L. v Securidaca

inappendiculata Hassk. .................................................................................... 3

1.1.3. Thnh phn ha hc ca cy Dy ng ca ...................................... 4

1.1.4. Tc dng sinh hc v cng dng ca cy Dy ng ca. ................ 11

1.2. Khi qut c im t nhin- x hi ca a bn nghin cu ........ 13

1.2.1. Tnh Thi Nguyn ............................................................................ 13

1.2.2. Tnh Tuyn Quang ........................................................................... 16

1.2.3. Tnh in Bin ................................................................................. 18

PHN II: I TNG, NI DUNG V PHNG PHP NGHIN

CU22

2.1. i tng nghin cu ......................................................................... 22

2.2. a im v thi gian nghin cu ...................................................... 22

2.2.1. a im nghin cu ........................................................................ 22

2.2.2. Thi gian nghin cu ...................................................................... 22

2.3. Phng tin nghin cu ...................................................................... 22

2.4. Ni dung nghin cu ........................................................................... 23

2.4.1. V c im thc vt cy Dy ng ca ............................................ 23

2.4.2. nh tnh cc nhm cht t nhinc trong cy Dy ng ca ........ 24

2.4.3. iu tra tri thc s dng ca ngi dn ........................................ 24

2.4.4. Thm d tc dng sinh hc ca cy Dy ng ca da vo kt qu

cuc iu tra ................................................................................................... 24

2.5. Phng php nghin cu ................................................................... 24

2.5.1. V c im thc vt cy Dy ng ca ............................................ 24

2.5.2. Xc nh cc hp cht t nhin c trong cy Dy ng ca ........... 24

2.5.3. iu tra tri thc s dng cy Dy ng ca ca mt s cng ng

dn tc ............................................................................................................. 25

2.5.4. Th tc dng sinh hc ..................................................................... 26

PHN 3: KT QU V BN LUN ........28

3.1. c im thc vt cy Dy ng ca .................................................. 28

3.1.1. c im hnh thi ca cy Dy ng ca. ...................................... 28

3.1.2. c im vi phu cy Dy ng ca..........................29

3.1.3. c im bt cy Dy ng ca ......................................................... 32

3.2. Cc hp cht t nhin trong cy Dy ng ca ................................. 34

3.3. Tri thc s dng cy Dy ng ca ca mt s cng ng dn tc 37

3.3.1. Nhn bit v tn gi cy Dy ng ca ............................................. 37

3.3.2. Tri thc s dng cy Dy ng ca .................................................. 38

3.3.3. Mc s dng cy Dy ng ca ................................................... 43

3.4. Th tc dng tng lc ca l cy Dy ng ca ................................ 45

3.4.1. nh hng ca cao 2:1 ln s tng trng th trng chut ......... 45

3.4.2. nh gi tc dng ca cao 2:1 ........................................................ 46

3.5. Bn lun ................................................................................................... 47

3.5.1. V phng php... 47

3.5.2. V kt qu .................................................................................... ..49

PHN IV: KT LUN V XUT ......................................................... 555

4.1. Kt lun ................................................................................................ 55

4.1.1. V thc vt ......................................................................................... 55

4.1.2. V cc hp cht t nhin c trong cy Dy ng ca ...................... 55

4.1.3. V iu tra tri thc s dng ............................................................. 55

4.1.4. V th tc dng dc l .................................................................... 56

4.2. xut ................................................................................................. 56

TI LIU THAM KHO ....................................................................................

PH LC

DANH MC VIT TT

EC 50 Liu tc dng ti a trn 50% i tng th KL Kt lun KQ Kt qu MP Nhit nng chy NCCT Ngi cung cp tin TTC Th trng chut IC 50 Nng c ch 50% i tng th UBND y ban Nhn dn VNU i hc Khoa hc T nhin

DANH MC CC BNG

Bng Tn bng Trang

Bng 1.1 Cc cht ha hc c trong cy Dy ng ca c

nghin cu 6

Bng 3.1 Kt qu nh tnh cc thnh ha hc trong l, thn v r

cy Dy ng ca. 35

Bng 3.2 Tn gi cy Dy ng ca theo 4 dn tc 37

Bng 3.3 Bng t l ngi nhn thc ng cy 38

Bng 3.4 Tri thc s dng cy Dy ng ca 39

Bng 3.5 Khi lng chut tng sau 7 ngy ca 4 l

45

DANH MC CC HNH NH

Hnh nh Tn hnh nh Trang

Hnh 1.1 Cng thc hp cht xanthon c trong cy Dy ng ca 9

Hnh 1.2 Cng thc ca mt s benzophenon c trong cy Dy

ng ca

10

Hnh 1.3 Cng thc mt s hp cht Saponin c trong cy Dy

ng ca

10

Hnh 1.4 Cng thc ca mt s sterol c trong cy Dy ng ca 11

Hnh 1.5 X Yn Ninh 13

Hnh 1.6 X i Cn. 17

Hnh 1.7 X Hua Thanh 20

Hnh 1.8 Ngi Thi 21

Hnh 1.9 Ngi Dao 21

Hnh 1.10 Ngi Sn Chay 21

Hnh 1.11 Ngi Ty 21

Hnh 3.1 Mu cy Dy ng ca 28

Hnh 3.2 Vi phu thn cy Dy ng ca 30

Hnh 3.3 Vi phu l cy Dy ng ca 31

Hnh 3.4 Bt thn cy Dy ng ca 32

Hnh 3.5 Bt l cy Dy ng ca 33

Hnh 3.6 ng cong tri thc s dng cy Dy ng ca ca

ngi dn 4 dn tc

38

Hnh 3.7

Biu mc s dng cy ca ngi dn 43

Hnh 3.8 Biu nhu cu s dng cy Dy ng ca trong tng

lai 44

Hnh 3.9 Biu box plot v thi gian bi ca chut 4 l 46

1

T VN

Theo kt qu iu tra ca Vin Dc liu nm 2006, Vit Nam c

3,948 loi thc vt v nm ln c s dng lm thuc. Tuy nhin phn ln

cc cy, con c s dng theo kinh nghim dn gian hoc theo Y hc c

truyn m cha c nghin cu k v y . Trong dn gian cn lu truyn

rt nhiu cy thuc v bi thuc qu, c bit l cc vng ng bo t ngi,

cha c pht hin, gn gi v bo tn d b ng trc nguy c mt i di

s tc ng ca con ngi vo thin nhin hin nay.

Trong cc cuc iu tra thc a vng min ni pha Bc, chng ti

c tip xc vi nhiu dn tc khc nhau v nhn thy c mt cy c cc

thy lang v ngi dn rt tin dng, nht l trong cc bnh c s huyt, kh

huyt khng lu thng nh b chn thng, au nhc xng khp, au

u,.V c bit l ngi dn tc Dao Thi Nguyn rt tin tng vo tc

dng tng lc ca cy, h gi cy vi tn l cy ng lc. iu cho thy

tim nng, gi tr lm thuc rt ln ca cy. Chng ti thu mu v tin hnh

gim nh s b v tm kt lun cy c tn khoa hc l Securidaca

inappendiculata Hassk., cn gi l cy Dy ng ca.

Vi mc ch tm hiu thm v cy Dy ng ca v tri thc s dng ca

ngi dn mt s cng ng dn tc, gp phn lm phong ph thm ngun

ti nguyn cy thuc c s dng lm thuc Vit Nam. V vy chng ti

thc hin ti: Nghin cu c im thc vt, thnh phn ha hc, tri thc

s dng ca ngi dn v th tc dng sinh hc ca cy Dy ng ca vi cc

mc tiu sau:

1. M t c im thc vt v xc nh tn khoa hc ca cy Dy ng

ca.

2. nh tnh cc nhm cht t nhin ca cy Dy ng ca.

2

3. iu tra tri thc s dng ca ngi dn tc Sn Chay x i Cn,

thnh ph Tuyn Quang, tnh Tuyn Quang; ngi dn tc Ty v

Dao x Yn Ninh, huyn Ph Lng, tnh Thi Nguyn; ngi

dn tc Thi X Thanh Hua, huyn in Bin, tnh in Bin.

4. Thm d mt tc dng sinh hc ca cy Dy ng ca da trn kt

qu iu tra.

3

PHN I: TNG QUAN

1.1. c im thc vt v phn loi chi Securidaca L.

1.1.1. V tr phn loi ca chi Securidaca L.

Theo h thng phn loi thc vt, chi Securidaca L. H Vin ch

(Polygalaceae), B Vin ch (Polygalales), Phn lp Hoa hng (Rosidae), Lp

Ngc lan (Magnoliopsida), Ngnh Ngc lan (Magnoliophyta) [18].

1.1.2. c im thc vt, phn b ca chi Securidaca L. v

Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk.

1.1.2.1. c im thc vt chi Securidaca L.

Cy bi leo. L n, so le, c tuyn mu r, gn th cp hnh mng

li. Cm hoa chm hoc chy, u cnh hoc nch l. Hoa i xng hai

bn, nh, c l bc. i 5, rng sm, khng u, 3 i ngoi nh, 2 i trong

hnh cnh hoa, ln. Trng 3, cnh hoa bn v cnh tha hn lin hoc ri, cnh

tha hnh m, c phn ph nh. Nh 8, nh nhau di, to thnh hnh

mng m pha trn v nh vi cnh hoa; bao phn 2 , hnh trng, m bng

l khng u. a dng thn. Bu 1 , non 1, non o, treo; vi nhy cong

hnh lim; u nhy ngn, chia thy hoc khng. Qu kh, khng t m,

thng c cnh, 1 ht; cnh hnh thun hoc hnh thoi - thun, mng, dai, vi

nhiu gn. Ht gn hnh cu, ni nh khng c, mng khng c; o ht dng

mng [8], [44].

Chi Securidaca L. c khong 80 loi: ngun gc vng nhit i chu

M, mt s lng nh cc loi phn b cc vng nhit i ca chu Phi

v chu . C mt loi Vit Nam (Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk.) [8],

[7]. Hai loi (mt loi c hu) Trung Quc [44].

1.1.2.2. c im loi Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk.

Cy bi leo cao 2-10m ln cc cy g. Thn hnh tr, nt dc, c rch

[7]. Cnh v cnh non mu hi , hi c lng nm. L mu lc nht, c

4

tuyn mu r hnh elip hay trn, cung l di 5-8mm, gc l trn, c mi

nhn ngn u, di 7-9cm, rng khong 4cm, mt di trng nht, mc so

le, xp hai dy; gn bn 10-12 cp, vi cc gn th cp m [8], [44].

Cm hoa nch l hay ngn thnh chy phn nhnh, gn nhn, di

15cm. Cung hoa dng si, di hn hoa. L bc dng vy, d rng. Hoa hng

hoc , di 7mm. i 5, khng u, ngoi 3 i hnh ch nht hoc hnh

elip, gn nh bng nhau, nh, di 2 mm, nh t, c lng nh; bn trong 2 i

ln, 7 5 mm, ngoi mp hi vut ln, nh t, c lng nh [44].

Cnh hoa 3, dnh nhau, 2 cnh pha sau c phn ri hnh tam gic

ngc, ct u, cnh hoa th ba pha trc thnh cnh tha gn trn,

khng cung hay gn khng cung, c mo nh; mo dng qut c hnh

thy dng rng, m v pha lng hoa. Nh 8, dnh gc bi ch nh c phn

trn ri; bao phn di gp 3 ln ch nh, hnh bu dc. Bu khng cn, hnh

elip, khng c tai; vi dnh lng vi bu, to thnh khp vung gc v pha

gia dng si; u nhy kh phn bit vi vi; bu ch cn 1 do b tiu bin.

Qu c cnh, di 7-8cm, phn mang ht di, c vn, nhn nheo, hi dp;

phn khng sinh sn dng mng, rng 18mm, dng li hi t; ht hnh trng,

treo, khng c phi nh [7], [44].

Phn b: Bangldesh, Cambodia, n , Indonesia, Lo, Malaysia,

Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Thi Lan [31], [44]. Vit Nam, cy mc

trong rng thng xanh t Kontum ti ng Nai [8], [7]. Trung Quc: khu

rng rm trong thung lng , cao 500-1100 m Qung ng, Qung Ty,

Hi Nam, Vn Nam [44]. Cy mc ri rc trong rng thng xanh. Ra hoa

qu t thng 5 n thng 9 [44].

1.1.3. Thnh phn ha hc ca cy Dy ng ca

5

- Vit Nam:

Hin cha thy nghin cu no v thnh phn ha hc ca cy Dy

ng ca.

- Trn th gii:

Cc nghin cu trn th gii ch ra trong cy c cc thnh phn thuc

cc nhm chc nh acid, benzophenone, xanthone, sterol (Bng 1.1)

Bng 1.1. Cc cht ha hc c trong cy Dy ng ca c nghin cu

STT Nhm cht Tn cht B

phn Ti liu

1 Acid

+ Acid 4,4-Dimethyl-1,7-heptanedioic Thn [22]

- + Acid 3, 4-dihydroxybezoic

- + Acid 3-hydroxy-4-methoxylbenzoic

+ Coniferaldehyde

C cy [39]

+ Acid ferulic

- + Acid cinnamic

- + Acid palmitic

- + Acid salicylic

+ Acid benzoic

Thn

cy [40]

+ Acid oleanolic

- - + Acid p-hydroxytruxinic

+ Acid p-coumaric

C cy [41]

2 Benzophenone

+ 4-hydroxy-2, 3-dimethoxybenzophenon

+ 2-methoxy-(3,4-methylenedioxy)benzophenone R [32]

+ 4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxy-benzophenone R [43]

3 ng

+ -D-(3,4-O- disinapoyl)fructofuranosyl--D-(6-O-sinapoyl) gluco-

pyranoside

+ -D-(3-O-feruloyl)fructofuranosyl--D-(6-O-sinapoyl)glucopyrano-side

Thn

cy [42]

6

STT Nhm cht Tn cht B

phn Ti liu

+ -D- (3-O-feruloyl) fructofuranosyl--D- (6-O-feruloyl)glucopyranoside

4 Xanthone

+ 1,7-Dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyxanthone

+ 2,7-Dihydroxy-1-methoxyxanthone

+ 1,6-Dihydroxyxanthone

+ 1,7-Dihydroxyxanthone

+ 1,3,7-Trihydroxy-2-methoxyxanthone

Thn [22]

+ 3-hydroxy-1,2,5,8-tetramethoxyxanthone R [33]

+ Securixanthones A (1,3,7-trihydroxy-2,8-dimethoxyxanthone)

+ Securixanthones B (3,7-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyxanthone Thn [34]

+ Securixanside A (6-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-1-hydroxy-4,7-

dimethoxyxanthone)

+ Securixanside B (3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-1,7-dihydroxy-2-

methoxyxanthone).

+ Securixanside C (6-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-1-hydroxy-4,7-

dimethoxyxanthone).

Thn [36]

+ 1, 2, 5-trihydroxy-6, 8-dimethoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one

+ 1, 5-dihydroxy-2, 6, 8-trimethoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one

+ 3, 8-dihydroxy-1, 4-dimethoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one

+ 4, 6-dihydroxy-1, 5, 7-trimethoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one

Thn r [38]

7

STT Nhm cht Tn cht B

phn Ti liu

+ 1, 7-dihydroxy-9H-xanthen-9-one

+ 4-hydroxy-3, 7-dimethoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one

+ 1,7-dimethoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one

+ Aucuparin

+ 7-hydroxy-1, 2, 3, 8-tetramethoxyxanthone

+ 1, 3, 8-trihydroxy-4-methoxyxanthone

+ 1, 3, 6-trihydroxy-2,7-dimethoxyxanthone

+ 7-hydroxy-1, 2, 3, 8-tetrame thoxyxanthone

+ 1, 3, 8-trihydroxy-4-methoxyxanthone-1, 3, 8-trihydroxy-2-

methoxyxanthone

Thn r [39]

5 Saponin

+ Securiosides A and B R

[30],

[37]

+ Beta-sitosterol

+ Daucosterol Thn r [41]

6 Sterol

+ Securisteroside

+ Sterols, spinasterol

+ 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-spinasterol

R [27]

8

9

Cng thc hp cht xanthon

Hnh 1.1. Cng thc hp cht xanthon c trong cy Dy ng ca

1,3,7-trihydroxyl-xanthone (A) R1, R3, R7 = OH.

1,3,7-trihydroxyl-2-methoxyl-xanthone (B) R1, R3, R7 = OH, R2 =

OCH3.

1,5-dihydroxyl-2,6,8-trimethoxyl-xanthone (C) R1, R5 = OH, R2, R6,

R8 = OCH3.

1,3,7-trihydroxyl-4-methoxyl-xanthone (D) R1, R3, R7 = OH, R4 =

OCH3.

1,7-dihydroxyl-3,4-dimethoxyl-xanthone (E) R1, R7 = OH, R4 =

OCH3.

1,7-dihydroxyl-xanthone (G) R1, R7 = OH.

1,3,7-trihydroxyl-2,8-dimethoxyl-xanthone (H) R1, R3, R7 = OH, R2,

R8 = OCH3.

2- hydroxyl-1,7-dimethoxyl-xanthone (I) R2 = OH, R1, R7 = OCH3.

1,3,6-trihydroxyl-2,7-dimethoxyl-xanthone (J) R1, R3, R6 = OH, R2,

R7 = OCH3.

7-hydroxyl-1,2- dimethoxyl-xanthone (K) R7 = OH, R1, R2 = OCH3.

10

Cng thc ca benzophenon [32]

1: 2-methoxy-(3,4-methylenedioxy)benzophenone

2: 4-hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxybenzophenon

Hnh 1.2. Cng thc ca mt s benzophenon c trong cy Dy

ng ca.

Cng thc ca saponin

Securioside A v B [30]

Daucosterol [41]

Beta-sitosterol [41]

Hnh 1.3. Cng thc mt s hp cht Saponin c trong cy Dy ng ca

Cng thc ca sterol [27]

11

3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-

spinasterol

Spinasterol

Hnh 1.4. Cng thc ca mt s sterol c trong cy Dy ng

ca

1.1.4. Tc dng sinh hc v cng dng ca cy Dy ng ca.

1.1.4.1. Tc dng sinh hc

- Tc dng h ng huyt

Dch chit t thn cy c tc dng c ch -glucosidase, iu tr i tho

ng: Dch chit cn 950 ca thn cy ln lt c lc vi cc dung mi

Dicloromethane (SID), Ethyl acetat (SIE), Aceton (SIA) v Methanol (SIM).

Cc phn on ln lt c th tc dng c ch -glucosidase trn chut

nht. Kt qu: tnh c ch cc phn phn on khc nhau l khc nhau. Tt c

cc phn on u c ch hot ng -glucosidase. SIE c ch s hot ng

bng 70.6%, trong khi SIA v SIM cho thy tng i hot ng thp c ch

(40.0%). Tt c cc phn on c ch hot ng ca enzym trong mt loi

liu ph thuc. Cc IC50s ca SID, SIE, SIA, SIM, v Acarbose l 712, 446,

1123, 1418 v 735mg/mL [25].

- Tc dng khng khun, chng vim

Cht 1,3,7-Trihydroxyxanthone c chit t thn cy c tc dng

khng khun Mycobacterium tuberculosis, chng vim trung bnh (IC

12

(50)=2500.8550.50M), chng gc t do vi kh nng 63.4% 10 g/mL

v 47.8% 2 g/mL [22], [28].

- Tc dng gy c t bo

Cht 1,7-Dihydroxyxanthone c chit t thn cy c tc dng gy

c t bo (t bo ung th bch cu P388 ED50= 1.21g/mL, kim sot

Mithramycin ED50= 0.06g/mL, t bo ung th i trng HT29 ED50 =

3.94g/mL, Mithramycin ED50= 0.08g/mL), gy c t bo khng hot

ng (dng t bo ung th phi NCI-H187, kim sot Ellipticine, IC50 =

(0.350.15)g/mL), chng vim [22].

- Tc dng chng vim

Cht Securiosides A v B c chit t r cy c tc dng gy c t

bo chn lc mnh, chng li M-CSF c kch thch bi i thc bo v

c xut c tim nng nh cc nhn t mi cho iu tr cc bnh vim

nhim nh vim khp dng thp v x va ng mch [30], [37].

- Tc dng li tiu

Cht Spinasterol (24-ethyl-5-cholesta-7-trans,22-dien-3-ol [481-

7-4] C29H48O). Tinh th hnh kim khng mu (ethanol), mp 159 ~ 160 C, mp

157 ~ 159 C, ( = -0.05 (C = 0.055, CHCl3 ). Tc dng dc l: chng

vim; thuc li tiu; c ch s tng sinh t bo (t bo m lin kt cu thn

gy ra bi nng ng cao mi trng xung quanh, IC50 = 3.9ng/mL,

9.5pmol / L, kh nng c ch cao hn khong 1000 ln, lm gim ng k

tng triglyceride trong huyt thanh, trng lng thn v protein trong nc

tiu do streptozotocin gy ra bnh tiu ng chut) [23].

1.1.4.2. Cng dng ca cy Dy ng ca

B phn dng: R v v r [7], [8].

Tnh v, tc dng: V cay, ngt, ng, chua, mn, tnh hi hn; c tc

dng hot huyt tn , tiu thng gim au, thanh nhit li niu [7], [8].

13

Cng dng, ch nh v phi hp: c dng tr n ng tn thng,

phong thp au xng, vim d dy - rut cp tnh [7], [8].

- Dch chit r cy c tc dng gii cm trng gi, thp ng, tan mu

v gim au. V d nh trong mt s bnh nh chn thng, ng, au nhc

xng khp do kh huyt , vim d dy rut, vim da d ng [24].

1.2. Khi qut c im t nhin- x hi ca a bn nghin cu

1.2.1. Tnh Thi Nguyn

1.2.1.1. X Yn Ninh (huyn Ph Lng- tnh Thi Nguyn) [18]

Hnh 1.5. X Yn Ninh

a. iu kin t nhin

X Yn Ninh l mt x pha Bc ca huyn Ph Lng, tnh Thi

Nguyn, cch trung tm thnh ph Thi Nguyn khong 43km. X nm dc

14

hai bn ng quc l s 3, c din tch 55.35km2 v cao t 200-400m so

vi mt nc bin.

b. iu kin kinh t - x hi [19]

X gm 16 thn, 1571 h vi 6400 dn (2005). Thnh phn dn tc ca

x bao gm: Ty (2845 ngi), Kinh (1548 ngi), Dao (955 ngi), Sn

Chay (633 ngi), Nng (237 ngi) v mt s h gia nh dn tc Mng,

Hoa, Thi.

Trong x, ngi Dao c tr trn t ni vi pha ng Nam vi

hot ng canh tc mt phn vn l pht nng lm ry v vn gn lin vi

ni rng. Trong khi , ngi Ty c tr khu vc t ferarit trn nn ct vi

dc va phi pha Ty, ngi Kinh c tr ch yu dc ng quc l v

cc di t ven sui, vi hot ng canh tc chnh l trng la nc.

V gio dc, x c mt trng tiu hc, mt trng trung hc c s v

mt trng trung hc ph thng phc v nhu cu ging dy cho 920 hc sinh.

Ngoi ra cn c mt s trng mu gio cc thn. 100% tr con trong

tui c i hc. T l hc sinh tt nghip ph thng c s trong x t

96.2%. T l hc sinh tt nghip trung hc ph thng khong 60%.

V y t, x c mt trm y t vi 7 cn b trong c mt bc s, 5 y t

v mt h l. Bn cnh , mi thn u c mt nhn vin y t thn bn v

mt cng tc vin dn s. X c mt chi hi ng y vi 22 thnh vin thuc

cc dn tc Dao, Ty, Nng, Kinh. Hot ng cha bnh bng y hc c

truyn ti x vn cn rt mnh.

1.2.1.2. Dn tc Dao Tin [1]

Ngi Dao Tin vn c ngun gc Qung ng (Trung Quc), di c ti

Qung Yn ri phn tn ti Vnh Phc, Ph Th, H Giang, Tuyn Quang,

Lo Cai, Yn Bi v khong cui th k XVIII. Hin nay, ngi Dao Tin c

tr Cao Bng, Lng Sn, Thi Nguyn, Tuyn Quang, H Giang.

15

Ngi Dao t gi mnh l Du min hay Kim min. Du min

c ngha l ngi Dao. Cn Kim min c ngha l ngi rng do cuc

sng h lun gn lin vi la nng trn rung bc thang, ng, sn v mt s

loi rau mu khc trn nhng sn ni. Bn cnh ngi Dao cn mt s

ngh ph khc v ngh th cng nh: an lt, dt vi, lm giy c bit l

ngh lm thuc Nam do xut pht t cuc sng vng su vng xa nn y hc

dn tc lun ng mt vai tr ch o. Phn ln cc gia nh ngi Dao u

t cha bnh cho cc thnh vin trong gia nh theo cc bi thuc cha truyn

con ni. Cy thuc c ngi Dao s dng rt a dng v cha nhiu

bnh chng khc nhau.

Khng bit t bao i nay, d ma ng hay ma h, theo

truyn thng nhng th h con chu ca ng bo dn tc Dao u s dng

nhng loi cy c khc nhau un nc tm cha bnh, mi nh u t nu

cho mnh mt ni nc tm mi ngy. Thuc tm tr thnh phng tin ch

m sc sc khe khng th thay th c nhng khi gia nh c ngi m

au, mt mi. Khi ngi m sinh con, ngi chng li ln rng hi l thu

nu nc tm cho v. Ngi Dao cho rng, sau khi sinh 3 ngy, ch cn

ngi ph n Dao tm l thuc mi ngy mt ln trong 7 ngy th s khe

mnh tr li v phng c cc chng bnh yu mi khi v

gi. Bt k khi no lm vic nhiu, thy c th mi mt, khi thi tit thay i,

nhc u, khn c, i ng xa, au chn, au tay u tm l thuc. l

truyn thng t rt lu i ca dn tc Dao

1.2.1.3. Ngi Ty [1]

Tn gi khc: Th.

Nhm a phng: Th, Ngn, Phn, Thu Lao v Pa D.

Dn s: 1,477,514 ngi.

16

Ngn ng: Ting ni thuc nhm ngn ng Ty - Thi (ng h Thi -

Ka ai).

Lch s: Ngi Ty c mt Vit Nam t rt sm, c th t na cui

thin nin k th nht trc Cng nguyn.

Hot ng sn xut: Ngi Ty l c dn nng nghip c truyn thng

lm rung nc, t lu i bit thm canh v p dng rng ri cc bin

php thy li nh o mng, bc mng, p phai, lm cn ly nc ti

rung. H c tp qun p la ngoi ng trn nhng mng g m h gi l

long ri mi dng du gnh thc v nh. Ngoi la nc ngi Ty cn

trng la kh, hoa mu, cy n qu... Chn nui pht trin vi nhiu loi gia

sc, gia cm nhng cch nui th rng cho n nay vn cn kh ph bin. Cc

ngh th cng gia nh c ch . Ni ting nht l ngh dt th cm vi

nhiu loi hoa vn p v c o. Ch l mt hot ng kinh t quan trng.

Lng Sn ni ting thuc l si vng. Thuc ngon do t, ging, sy v cng

do cch phi.

Tn ngng lin quan n cha bnh ca ngi Ty thc cht l s kt

hp gia tri thc y hc dn gian (chm cu, cha bnh bng thc) vi

nhng th thut m tn oan (cng bi, cha bnh bng ph php).

1.2.2. Tnh Tuyn Quang

1.2.2.1. X i Cn (thnh ph Tuyn Quang - tnh Tuyn Quang)

a. iu kin t nhin [17]

i Cn l x nm pha Nam ca thnh ph Tuyn Quang. V a

gii hnh chnh: pha ng gip x Cp Tin v x Vnh Li huyn Sn

Dng, pha Bc gip x Thi Long, thnh ph Tuyn Quang, pha nam gip

th trn Tn bnh thnh ph Tuyn Quang, pha Ty gip x i Bnh v x

Nh Kh thnh ph Tuyn Quang.

17

Hnh 1.6. X i Cn

b. iu kin kinh t, vn ha, x hi, gio dc [16]

X i Cn c din tch 25.89 km, dn s nm 1999 l 6,649

ngi, mt dn s t 257 ngi/km.

Thnh phn dn tc ca x bao gm: Sn Chay (35%), Kinh (45%),

Ty (10%), Dao (5%) v cc dn tc khc (5%).

Gio dc: X c hai trng tiu hc, mt trng trung hc c s v mt

trng trung hc ph thng phc v nhu cu ging dy cho hc sinh. Ngoi ra

cn c mt s trng mu gio cc thn. 100% tr con trong tui c

i hc.

18

Y t: X c mt trm y t vi 10 cn b trong c hai bc s, 6 y t v

hai h l. Bn cnh , mi thn u c mt nhn vin y t thn bn v mt

cng tc vin dn s.

1.2.2.2. Dn tc Sn Chay [1]

Dn tc Sn Chay c tn gi khc l Cao Lan, Mn Cao Lan, Hn Bn.

Ting ni ca h thuc nhm ngn ng Ty - Thi (ng h Thi - Ka ai).

Dn c v a bn sinh sng: Ngi Sn Chay ch yu tp trung cc

tnh ng bc Bc B nh Tuyn Quang, Thi Nguyn, Bc Giang, ri rc

cc tnh: Qung Ninh, Cao Bng, Lng Sn. Hin ti c mt nhm ngi vo

Ty Nguyn lp nghip c t chc thnh cc lng.

Dn s: Theo Tng iu tra dn s v nh nm 2009, ngi Sn Chay

Vit Nam c dn s 169,410 ngi, c mt ti 58 trn tng s 63 tnh, thnh

ph. Ngi Sn Chay c tr tp trung ti cc tnh: Tuyn Quang (61,343

ngi, chim 36.2% tng s ngi Sn Chay ti Vit Nam), Thi

Nguyn (32,483 ngi, chim19.2% tng s ngi Sn Chay ti Vit Nam),

Bc Giang (25,821 ngi), Qung Ninh (13,786 ngi), Yn Bi (8,461

ngi), Cao Bng (7,058 ngi), k Lk (5,220 ngi), Lng Sn (4,384

ngi), Ph Th (3,294 ngi), Vnh Phc (1,611 ngi)...

c im kinh t: Ngi Sn Chay lm rung nc l chnh, nng

nghip ng vai tr quan trng. Lm rung nc thnh tho nhng nng ry

vn c vai tr to ln trong i sng kinh t v phng thc canh tc theo li

chc l, tra ht vn tn ti n ngy nay. nh c c v tr quan trng. Vi

chic vt m v chic gi c hom, vic nh c cung cp thm ngun thc

phm giu m, gp phn ci thin ba n.

T chc cng ng: Lng xm thng tp trung mt vi chc gia nh,

sng gn b bn nhau.

19

1.2.3. Tnh in Bin

1.2.3.1. X Hua Thanh (huyn in Bin - tnh in Bin)

a. iu kin t nhin [9]

X Hua Thanh thuc huyn in Bin, c tch ra t x Thanh Na

vo ngy 1/7/2013. X c 7,217,93 ha din tch t nhin v 3,358 nhn khu.

a gii hnh chnh x Hua Thanh: ng gip x N Nhn, huyn in

Bin v x Thanh Minh, thnh ph in Bin Ph; Ty gip nc Cng ho

dn ch nhn dn Lo; Nam gip x Thanh Na, huyn in Bin; Bc gip

x Mng Pn, huyn in Bin, tnh in Bin.

b. iu kin kinh t x hi vn ha gio dc [15]

Vn ha - x hi: X Hua Thanh c 10 i (tng ng vi 10 bn: N

Ten; Na H; Co Pc, Tu 1, 2, 3; Pa Sng; X Nh; Nm Ty 1, 2) vi 667 h,

3,529 nhn khu thuc 5 dn tc: Kinh, Thi, Mng, Kh M, Lo.

Kinh t: i sng ngi dn trn a bn vn ph thuc vo sn xut

nng nghip y cng c coi l tim nng di do nht ca Hua Thanh, vi

3 cy trng ch o: la nc (129ha); la nng (280ha); ng (152ha). Song,

s phn b cc loi cy trng ny khng ng u, la nc tp trung cc

bn vng thp trong khi cc bn vng cao nh: Nm Ty 1, 2, 3, Pa Sng, X

Nh ch yu l ng v la nng.

Gio dc: X c mt trng tiu hc, mt trng trung hc c s v

mt trng trung hc ph thng phc v nhu cu ging dy cho hc sinh.

Ngoi ra cn c mt s trng mu gio cc thn. 100% tr con trong

tui c i hc.

Y t: X c mt trm y t vi 5 cn b trong c mt bc s, 4 y t v

mt h l. Bn cnh , mi thn u c mt nhn vin y t thn bn v mt

cng tc vin dn s.

20

Hnh 1.7. X Hua Thanh

1.2.3.2. Dn tc Thi [1]

Tn t gi: Tay hoc Thay.

Tn gi khc : Tay Thanh, Man Thanh, Tay Mi, Tay Mng, Hng

Tng, Tay D, Th.

Nhm a phng:

+ Ngnh en (Tay m).

+ Ngnh Trng (Tay n hoc Khao).

Dn s: 1,328,725 ngi.

Ngn ng: Thuc nhm ngn ng Ty - Thi (ng h Thi - Ka ai).

Lch s: Ngi Thi c ci ngun vng ng Nam lc a, t tin

xa xa ca ngi Thi c mt Vit Nam t rt sm, nh c ch yu cc

tnh t Ty Bc n khu IV c (Thanh Ho, Ngh An).

21

Hot ng sn xut: Ngi Thi sm i vo ngh trng la nc trong

h thng thy li thch hp c c kt nh mt thnh ng - Mng, phai,

li, lin (khi mng, p p, dn nc qua chng ngi vt, t mng) trn

cc cnh ng thung lng. H lm rung cy mt v la np, nay chuyn sang

hai v la t. H cn lm nng trng thm la, ng, hoa mu, cy thc

phm v c bit bng, cy thuc nhum, du tm dt vi.

Hnh nh trang phc ca 4 dn tc [1]

Hnh 1.8. Ngi Thi Hnh 1.9. Ngi Dao

Hnh 1.10. Ngi Sn Chay Hnh 1.11. Ngi Ty

22

PHN II:

I TNG, NI DUNG V PHNG PHP NGHIN

CU

2.1. i tng nghin cu

Cy Dy ng ca (Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk.), h

Polygalaceae.

Tri thc s dng cy Dy ng ca ca 4 dn tc:

+ Dn tc Thi X Thanh Hua, huyn in Bin, tnh in Bin.

+ Dn tc Sn Chay x i Cn, thnh ph Tuyn Quang, tnh Tuyn

Quang.

+ Dn tc Ty v Dao x Yn Ninh, huyn Ph Lng, tnh Thi

Nguyn.

2.2. a im v thi gian nghin cu

2.2.1. a im nghin cu

B mn Thc vt Trng i hc Dc H Ni.

X i Cn, thnh ph Tuyn Quang, tnh Tuyn Quang.

X Hua Thanh, huyn in Bin, tnh in Bin.

X Yn Ninh, huyn Ph Lng, tnh Thi Nguyn.

2.2.2. Thi gian nghin cu

T 30/10/2013 n 30/4/2014.

2.3. Phng tin nghin cu

Thit b, my mc:

+ T sy Memmert (Germany).

+ My ct vi phu cm tay, dao, bt s nhum tiu bn.

23

+ Cc dng c thy tinh (cc c m, bnh nn cc loi, pipet, bnh gn,

ng nghim, a thy tinh, phin knh, lam knh,).

+ Knh hin vi quang hc.

+ Ni cch thy, bp in.

+ n t ngoi.

+ Cn k thut Precisa XMI20.

+ My nh k thut s Canon.

Thuc th, ha cht, dung mi:

+ Thuc th, ha cht dng trong nghin cu c im thc vt: Javen,

Cloralhydrat, Acid acetic 5%, Xanh metylen, son phn, Ethanol tuyt i,

Glycerin.

+ Thuc th, ha cht, dung mi trong nghin cu thnh phn ha hc:

Thuc th: Mayer, Dragendroff, Bouchardat, Diazo mi pha, FeCl3

5%, Gelatin1%, Ch acetat 5%, Lugol, Dung dch natri nitroprussiat,

Ninhydrin 3%,

Dung mi: Ethanol, Cloroform, Ether du ha, Anhydrid acetic,..

Dung dch: H2SO4, HCl, NaOH.

ng vt phc v nghin cu:

Chut nht trng, cng ging, chng Swiss albino khe mnh, khi

lng trung bnh 18-22 g do Vin V sinh Dch t Trung ng cung cp.

ng vt c nui n nh trong iu kin phng th nghim t nht 5 ngy

trc khi thc hin nghin cu, c nui dng bng thc n chun ung

nc t do.

2.4. Ni dung nghin cu

2.4.1. V c im thc vt cy Dy ng ca

M t c im hnh thi cy Dy ng ca.

Xc nh tn khoa hc cy Dy ng ca.

24

M t c im bt v vi phu ca cc b phn l, thn ca cy Dy

ng ca.

2.4.2. nh tnh cc nhm cht t nhinc trong cy Dy ng ca

nh tnh cc thnh phn chnh trong l, thn, r cy Dy ng ca bng

cc phn ng ha hc.

2.4.3. iu tra tri thc s dng ca ngi dn

iu tra tri thc s dng cy Dy ng ca ca ngi dn tc Sn Chay

x i Cn, thnh ph Tuyn Quang, tnh Tuyn Quang; ngi dn tc Ty

v Dao x Yn Ninh, huyn Ph Lng, tnh Thi Nguyn; ngi dn tc

Thi X Hua Thanh, huyn in Bin, tnh in Bin.

2.4.4. Thm d tc dng sinh hc ca cy Dy ng ca da vo kt

qu cuc iu tra

- Mu l ca cy Dy ng ca thu c x Yn Ninh, huyn Ph

Lng, tnh Thi Nguyn em th tc dng sinh hc.

- Th tc dng tng lc ca dch chit nc l cy Dy ng ca trn

chut nht trng.

2.5. Phng php nghin cu

2.5.1. V c im thc vt cy Dy ng ca

Mu cy c m t theo phng php m t phn tch [2], [10], bao

gm:

+ c im hnh thi c quan dinh dng.

+ c im gii phu c quan dinh dng (l, thn): Lm tiu bn vi

phu v nhum bng phng php nhum kp [5]; lm tiu bn bt soi; quan

st c im cu to vi phu di knh hin vi, chp nh v m t c im

[12].

2.5.2. nh tnh cc hp cht t nhin c trong cy Dy ng ca

Mu nghin cu: l, thn v r cy Dy ng ca.

25

nh tnh s b cc nhm cht: tin hnh nh tnh bng cc phn ng

c trng ca cc nhm cht [4], [12].

2.5.3. iu tra tri thc s dng cy Dy ng ca ca mt s cng

ng dn tc

Phng php: iu tra x hi hc s dng phng php phng vn

bn cu trc [3], [13].

Phng vn bn cu trc l phng vn da theo danh mc cc cu hi

hoc cc ch cn cp n. Tuy nhin th t v cch t cu hi c th

tu thuc vo ng cnh v c im ca i tng phng vn.

Cc bc tin hnh:

+ Thu thp mu cy [13]

Da trn nh v thng tin thu thp c t cc cuc iu tra trc

ca DS. Nghim c Trng, chng ti tin hnh thu nhp mu cy ti 3 a

im x Hua Thanh, huyn in Bin, tnh in Bin; x i Cn, thnh ph

Tuyn Quang, tnh Tuyn Quang; x Yn Ninh, huyn Ph Lng, tnh Thi

Nguyn. Cc mu ny c x l v sy kh theo cc k thut lm tiu bn

thc vt thng thng v lu gi ti phng tiu bn Khoa Sinh hc Trng

i hc Dc H Ni (HNIP/18066/14).

+ Xc nh tn khoa hc:

Tn khoa hc hc ca cy c xc nh bng phng php so snh

hnh thi vi tiu bn ti phng tiu bn Khoa Sinh hc ca i hc Khoa hc

T nhin (VNU), i hc Quc gia H Ni (ph lc 1), Vn thc vt

Hong gia Kew (ph lc 2), Herbier Museum Paris (ph lc 3); da trn cc

ti liu: Cy c Vit Nam II [11], T in thc vt thng dng II [7], Thc vt

ch Trung Quc [44], Thc vt ch Thi Lan [31].

+ Phng vn bn cu trc [13]:

26

Chn mu: mu c chn bng phng php ngu nhin - phn tng.

S mu c quyt nh da trn ng cong tri thc, c biu din bng

th gia trc tung l s tc dng m NCCT nhc n v trc honh l s

lng NCCT. Khi tng s lng NCCT m s cng dng cy khng tng th

kt thc iu tra [13].

Phng vn: s dng b cu hi hi NCCT (Ph lc 4).

+ X l d liu:

Da vo b cu hi phng vn s dng phn mm Microsolf Office

Excel thng k tt c cc tri thc s dng. nh gi tin cy theo cng

thc Friedman [13]:

Fv=

Trong : Fv l h s tin cy ca thng tin (0 Fv 1)

Si l s ngi nhc n tc dng i.

S l s lng NCCT.

S dng phng php kim nh chnh xc Fisher.

2.5.4. Th tc dng sinh hc

Nguyn liu: Cao lng (2:1) l cy Dy ng ca c bo ch theo

Dc in [6].

Bo ch cao lng (2:1):

+ Giai on 1: Nu ly dch chit nc. L cy c thu hi, lm sch,

cn khi lng, cho vo ni un 3 ln, mi ln 3 gi, nc ngp dc liu,

sau mi ln gn dch chit ra ri b sung nc vo tip tc un.

+ Giai on 2: C cao. Dch chit thu c em un trn bp cch

thy, nhit un 70-800C ti khi thu c cao lng c t l 2g dc liu

kh: 1g nc.

Chia chut ngu nhin thnh 4 l:

27

+ L chng: Ung nc ct.

+ L liu 1: Ung cao lng 2:1 liu 6g/kg (tnh theo dc liu kh).

+ L liu 2: Ung cao lng 2:1 liu 12g/kg (tnh theo dc liu kh).

+ L liu 3: Ung cao lng 2:1 liu 24g/kg (tnh theo dc liu kh) -

(tng ng liu ngoi suy t ngi 100g/ngi/ngy).

Chut c chia ngu nhin thnh cc l v cho ung mu th mi

ngy 1 ln vo 8h trong 7 ngy. Ngy th 7, sau khi ung thuc 60 pht tin

hnh nh gi tc dng tng lc trn m hnh chut bi chut bi kit sc

Brekhman [20], [26].

Phng php tin hnh

Ngy th 7, sau khi ung thuc 60 pht, chut c mang vo ui

mt kp ch c khi lng bng 5% th trng ca n v c cho bi trong

mt bnh thy tinh trong sut hnh tr c chiu cao 60cm, ng knh 25cm,

chiu cao mc nc 40 cm, nhit nc c duy tr trong khong 23

25oC. Thi gian bi c tnh t lc chut c th vo b bi, chut bi t

do cho n khi chut hon ton mt, chm xung khi mt nc trong khong

thi gian t 7-10 giy m khng th ngoi ln c na. Nhanh chng vt

chut ln, ghi thi gian chut bi, lau kh v si m cho chut.

Phng php x l s liu:

+ X l bng phng php kim nh phi tham s Kruskal-Wallis test,

s dng cho vic so snh t ba nhm i tng c lp tr ln m cc nhm

i tng khng tun theo phn phi chun.

+ X l bng phng php kim nh tham s One way Anova, s dng

cho vic so snh t ba nhm i tng c lp tr ln m cc nhm i tng

tun theo phn phi chun.

+ Phn mm x l thng k: Microsorf Excel 2010 v phn mm R

version 3.0.3.

28

PHN III: KT QU V BN LUN

3.1. c im thc vt cy Dy ng ca

3.1.1. c im hnh thi ca cy Dy ng ca.

1 2

3 4

5 6

Hnh 3.1. Cy Dy ng ca

1: C cy; 2: Cnh cy; 3: R cy; 4: Mu cnh; 5,6: L cy.

29

Cy bi leo cao 5- 10m. R cc, ng knh 15-25 cm; v ngoi mu

vng nu, c cc rnh x ngang dc, bn trong mu vng nht, xp mm.

Thn mu nu v ngoi x x, cng chc hn r. Cnh c cc mu nh ra,

gn nh nhn hoc tr thnh nhn vo tui trng thnh. L n, mc so le,

cung l 3-8 mm, c lng ngn. Phin l hnh trng hoc hnh elip, 5-12cm x

2.5-5.5 cm, mng, cng, nh mi nhn ngn, gc hnh nm trn, mp l

nguyn, mp l i khi hi vut ln. Gn chnh bin i t trn n nhn,

cng xa trc gn chnh gn l cng nhiu hn, gn bn 10-12 cp, gn b mp

ni vi nhau, gn cp 3 chia thnh hnh mng li.

Hoa v qu cha thy.

Kt lun

Mu nghin cu c tn khoa hc l Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk.,

thuc h Polygalaceae.

3.1.2. c im vi phu cy Dy ng ca

3.1.2.1. c im vi phu thn cy

30

Hnh 3.2. Vi phu thn cy Dy ng ca

1: Biu b mang lng che ch; 2: M

mm v; 3: Si m cng;4: Libe cp 2;

5: M mm rut; 6: G cp 2

Mt ct ngang thn hnh

trn. T ngoi vo trong thy: (1)

Lp biu b gm mt hng t bo

nh hnh ch nht, xp u n,

bn ngoi c lp cutin mng bao

ph; mt ngoi biu b c lng che

ch nh, nm p st vo biu b.

(2) M mm v gm 5-6 lp t bo

hnh a gic, vch mng xp st

nhau. (3) M cng gm 7-8 lp t

bo hnh a gic gn trn xp st

nhau, bt mu xanh. (4) Libe l

mt vi lp t bo rt nh, dt,

vch mng, bt mu , xp thnh

dy xuyn tm thng hng hay

ngon ngho. (5) G cp 2 bt mu

xanh, vch t bo dy, xp thnh

mt dy xuyn tm thng hng,

lin tc to thnh mt vng trn.

(6) M mm rut l nhng t bo

hnh a gic, bt mu hng.

31

3.1.2.2. Vi phu l

Hnh 3.3. Vi phu l cy Dy ng ca

1: Biu b di vi lng che ch; 2: M

mm; 3: M cng; 4:Libe v g; 5: Biu b

trn; 6: Biu b di; 7: M dy; 8: B libe

v g; 9: M giu; 10: Biu b trn.

- Phn gn l: phn gn di

li, phn trn lm. (1) Biu b

di l mt hng t bo hnh

trn u n c ph bi mt

lp cutin bt mu xanh.(2) M

mm l mt vi lp t bo

hnh trn, hnh a gic vch

mng xp st nhau. (3) St libe

l mt lp cc t bo m cng

bt mu xanh m, thng

ng thnh tng m to

thnh hnh vng cung. (4)

Libe v g. G l mt vi lp

t bo vch dy, bt mu xanh,

xp lin tc to thnh hnh

vng cung. Libe l mt vi lp

t bo a gic, nh, vch

mng bt mu hng xp st

nhau, lin tc to thnh hnh

vng cung. (5) Biu b trn l

mt hng t bo hnh ch nht

32

- Phn phin l: (6) Biu b di l mt hng t bo a gic hnh gn

trn c ph bn ngoi l lp cutin. (7) M dy phin. (8) B libe g c g

nm pha trn bt mu xanh, libe nm pha di bt mu hng. Di b libe

g c vng m cng bt mu xanh. (9) Tip n l mt lp t bo m giu,

di, dt, vch t bo mng, xp st nhau; bn trong cha nhiu ht tinh bt

nh, hnh khi gn cu, mu vng. (10) Biu b trn l mt lp t bo hnh

ch nht, c ph bi mt lp cutin bt mu xanh

3.1.3. c im bt cy Dy ng ca

3.1.3.1. Bt thn cy Dy ng ca

Hnh 3.4. Bt thn cy Dy ng ca

1: Tinh bt; 2: T bo m cng; 3: Lng che ch n bo; 4: Tinh th Canxi

oxalat; 5: Mnh bn; 6: Mch vch; 7: Mnh m mm mang tinh bt; 8:

Mnh m mm mang tinh th canxi oxalat; 9: B si.

33

Bt mu vng, mi hi hng. Soi di knh hin vi: (1) Tinh bt rt

nhiu, hnh trn hoc hnh a, rn ht phn nhnh, vn khng r. (2) T bo

m cng hnh a gic thun di u nhn hoc u t, vch dy, mu vng

nu, thng ng tp trung thnh m. (3) Lng che ch n bo, kch thc

di ngn khc nhau. (5) Mnh bn l cc t bo hnh ch nht xp st nhau,

mu en. (4) Tinh th canxi oxalat hnh cu gai (6) Mch vch. (7) Mnh m

mm mang ht tinh bt, mu vng. (8) Mnh m mm mang tinh th canxi

oxalat hnh khi nhiu cnh, mu en. (9) Si thng tp trung thnh b.

3.1.3.2. Bt l cy Dy ng ca

Hnh 3.5. Bt l cy Dy ng ca

1: Lng che ch; 2: Mch im; 3: Mnh mang mu; 4: Mch xon; 5: Tinh

bt; 6: B si; 7: L kh; 8: Mnh m mm cha tinh bt.

34

Bt mu xanh nht, mi hi hng. Soi di knh hin vi: (1) Lng che

ch n bo, kch thc di ngn khc nhau. (2) Mnh mch im. (3) Mnh

mang mu t, nhiu hnh dng khc nhau. (4) Mch xon. (5) Tinh bt rt

nhiu, hnh trn hoc hnh a, rn ht phn nhnh, vn khng r. (6) Si

nhiu, ng n l hoc tp trung thnh b. (7) L kh kiu hn bo. (8)

Mnh m mm vi nhng t bo hnh a gic, vch mng, xp st nhau cha

nhiu tinh bt.

3.2. nh tnh cc nhm cht t nhin c trong cy Dy ng ca

V thnh phn ha hc: Cc phn ng nh tnh dch chit c tin

hnh v xc nh s b c cc nhm cht c trong l cy Dy ng ca l

flavonoid, ng kh, acid amin, tanin, polysaccharid v polyphenol; trong

thn v r cy c flavonoid, ng kh, acid amin, acid hu c, sterol,

polyphenol v saponin.

35

Bng 3.1: Kt qu nh tnh cc thnh ha hc trong l, thn v r cy

Dy ng ca

STT NHM

CHT

PHN NG

NH TNH

L THN R

KQ KL KQ KL KQ KL

1 Flavonoid

1.Phn ng

Cyanidin

+

c

+

c

+

C

2.Phn ng vi

dung dch kim

+

++

+

3.Phn ng vi

FeCl3 5%

+

++

++

4.Phn ng vi diazo

- - -

2 Coumarin

1.Phn ng m,

ng vng

lacton

-

khng

-

khng

-

Khng 2.Quan st

hynh quang - - -

3.Phn ng

thuc th diazo - - -

4.Vi thng hoa - - -

3 Saponin 1.Quan st hin tng to bt

-

khng

++

c

++

C

4 Alcaloid

1.Phn ng vi

thuc th

Mayer

-

khng

-

khng

-

khng

2.Phn ng vi

thuc th

-

-

-

36

Dragendroff

3.Phn ng vi thuc th

Bouchardat

-

-

-

5 Glycosid

tim

1.Phn ng

Lieberman

-

khng

++

khng

++

khng

2.Phn ng

Legal

-

-

-

3.Phn ng

Baljet

-

-

-

4.Phn ng Keller- Kiliani

-

-

-

6 Anthranoid 1.Phn ng Borntraeger

-

khng

-

khng

-

khng

7 Tanin

1.Phn ng vi

FeCl3 5%

++

c

+

khng

+

khng 2.Phn ng vi

gelatin 1%

++

-

-

3.Phn ng vi ch acetat 10%

++

++

++

8 Cht bo 1.Th trn giy

lc

-

khng

-

khng

-

khng

9 Caroten 1.Phn ng vi

H2SO4 c + c

-

khng

-

khng

10 Sterol 1.Phn ng Lieberman

- khng ++ c ++ c

11 ng kh 1.Phn ng vi Fehling A v

Fehling B

++ c ++ c ++ c

12

Acid hu

c 1.Phn ng vi Na2CO3

- khng ++ c ++ c

37

Ghi ch: (-) phn ng m tnh

(+) phn ng dng tnh

(++) phn ng dng tnh r

3.3. Tri thc s dng cy Dy ng ca ca mt s cng ng dn

tc

3.3.1. Nhn bit v tn gi cy Dy ng ca

3.3.1.1. Nhn bit cy Dy ng ca

c im NCCT nhn ra cy:

+ y l cy dy leo.

+ Dy c mu ta.

+ L nhn, mt trn l xanh m v mt di l xanh nht, mp l

nguyn.

+ C 2 tuyn nt nh ra cui cung l.

3.3.1.2. Tn a phng ca cy Dy ng ca

Bng 3.2. Tn gi cy Dy ng ca theo 4 dn tc

Dn tc Sn Chay Dao Ty Thi

Tn cy Hau ch vin T lch vng Tha muc Sa bin

Gii ngha:

+ Hau: ngha l dy.

+ T lch vng: Theo mt s ngi dn tc Dao tn cy l tn mt

ngi n ng, ngi c sc khe phi thng c kh nng nh c c chc

con tru mng mt lc. C mt cch gi tn khc l cy ng lc.

13 Acid amin

1.Phn ng vi thuc th

Ninhydrin 3%

+ c + c + c

14 Poly-

saccharid

1.Phn ng vi thuc th Lugol

++ c ++ c ++ c

15 Polyphenol 1.Phn ng vi

FeCl3 5% + c ++ c ++ c

38

3.3.1.3. T l ngi nhn ng cy

- 100% thy lang ca 4 dn tc nhn thc ng cy v h bit v cn

ang s dng cy.

- V ngi dn ca 4 dn tc th c t l ngi dn nhn thc ng cy

gim dn theo th t Dao, Thi, Ty, Sn Chay.

Bng 3.3. Bng t l ngi nhn thc ng cy Dy ng ca

Dn tc

(ngi)

Sn Chay

(n = 30)

Dao

(n = 17)

Ty

(n = 13)

Thi

(n = 39)

T l ngi

dn nhn

ng cy (%)

45.00 100.00 50.00 70.27

T l thy

lang nhn

ng cy (%)

100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

3.3.2. Tri thc s dng cy Dy ng ca

3.3.2.1. ng cong tri thc s dng cy Dy ng ca

Hnh 3.6. ng cong tri thc s dng cy Dy ng ca ca ngi dn 4

dn tc

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 4 7 10131619222528313437

C

ng

d

ng

Ngi

Sn Chay

Thi

Dao

Ty

39

Nhn xt

Khi iu tra dn tc Sn Chay th ti ngi th 19 s tri thc s dng

thu c l 8, v khng thy c s tng ln ca s tri thc s dng, ng

cong tri thc s dng i dn ti gii hn. Vi ngi Dao th ti ngi th 3

v s tri thc thu c l 5, vi ngi Ty th ti ngi th 5 v s tri thc

thu c l 6, vi ngi Thi th ti ngi th 7 v s tri thc thu c l 7.

3.3.2.2. Tri thc s dng cy Dy ng ca ca cc cng ng dn tc

Ty, Dao, Sn Chay v Thi

Bng 3.4. Tri thc s dng cy Dy ng ca

Stt Cng dng B phn

dng Cch dng

Dn

tc

H s tin cy

Thy

lang

Ngi

dn

1 au lng xng

khp

L, thn,

r

- L, thn: gi, sao

phun t ru vo.

- R, thn ngm ru

xoa bp.

Dao 0.80 0.25

L, thn

r

- L, thn: gi, sao

phun t ru vo.

- R, thn ngm ru

xoa bp.

Sn

Chay 0.40 0.00

L, thn

- L, thn gi nt, sao

nng, p, phun t

ru

Ty 0.67 0.00

R

- R, g thn ngm

ru xoa bp.

- R, g thn un

nc ung (lng t).

Thi 1.00 0.00

40

Stt Cng dng B phn

dng Cch dng

Dn

tc

H s tin cy

Thy

lang

Ngi

dn

2 Chn thng,

vt bm tm

L, thn,

r

- L, thn: gi, sao

phun t ru vo.

- R, thn ngm ru

xoa bp.

Dao 0.80 0.25

L, thn,

r

- L, thn: gi, sao

phun t ru vo.

- R, thn ngm ru

xoa bp.

Sn

Chay 0.40 0.00

L, thn

- L, thn gi nt, sao

nng, p, phun t

ru

Ty 0.67 0.00

R

- R, g thn ngm

ru xoa bp.

- R, g thn un

nc ung (lng t).

Thi 1.00 0.00

3 Sau tai bin

L, thn

- L, thn un nc

tm

- Thn, r un nc

ung

Dao 0.40 0.00

Thn, r Thn, r un nc

ung Ty 0.67 0.00

4 Gi u sch

gu V thn

- p nt, v vo

nc nng

Ty 1.00 0.40

Thi 1.00 0.72

5 D dy G thn, G thn, r un nc Sn 0.10 0.00

41

Stt Cng dng B phn

dng Cch dng

Dn

tc

H s tin cy

Thy

lang

Ngi

dn

r ung Chay

Thi 0.50 0.03

6 au nhc u

L v

thn non

L v thn non, gi

sao nng, rc t ru

vo. Hoc gi hoc

xng.

Sn

Chay 0.90 0.40

L Bm l hoc gi ra

p vo u Ty 0.67 0.00

7 Tm khe L, thn un nc tm Dao 1.00 0.00

Ty 0.33 0.00

8 Tng lc

L bnh

t, ngn

non.

Nu canh vi trng

hoc tht nc bm Dao 1.00 1.00

9 Xoang C cy un nc ung Dao 0.20 0.00

10

Tc di, tc

khng b ch

ngn, tc mt

L v

thn Gi

Sn

Chay 0.80 0.40

11 au bng G thn,

r un nc ung

Sn

Chay 0.10 0.00

12 ng kinh L, thn

non un nc tm

Sn

Chay 0.10 0.00

13

Tc tnh

mch,t lit

chn tay

G thn Ngm ru, bp Sn

Chay 0.10 0.00

42

Stt Cng dng B phn

dng Cch dng

Dn

tc

H s tin cy

Thy

lang

Ngi

dn

14 Cm gi R Ngm ru, bp Ty 0.33 0.00

15 Si thn R, g

thn un ung Thi 0.50 0.05

16 au kinh G thn,

r un ung Thi 0.50 0.00

17 i but G thn,

r un ung Thi 0.50 0.00

18 V sinh G thn,

r un ung Thi 0.03 0.00

Nhn xt

Da vo bng trn c th nhn thy:

+ C 18 cng dng c ngi dn 4 dn tc nhc ti, trong c 7

cng dng ging nhau c nhc ti l au lng xng khp, chn thng,

vt bm tm, sau tai bin, gi u sch gu, d dy, au nhc u, tm khe.

+ Da vo h s tin cy, nhn thy c s khc nhau gia s hiu bit

ca ngi dn v thy lang v cch s dng cy Dy ng ca. Ngi dn ch

yu bit s dng cy Dy ng ca n cho khe, gi u cho mt tc, sch

gu , tm cho khe. Cn thy lang th s bit nhiu cch s dng cha bnh

hn.

+ B phn s dng l c cy bao gm r, thn v l. Ngi dn tc Sn

Chay, Dao thng s dng b phn l l v thn non, t khi s dng r. Ngi

dn tc Ty, Thi thng s dng b phn thn gi v r.

+ Cch s dng v ch bin a dng: un ung, gi u, tm, gi ra

p, ngm ru xoa bp ty vo mc ch s dng.

43

ng cong tri thc s dng c nhng bc nhy ln, l khi tin

hnh phng vn nhng thy lang, v d nh ngi th 3 ca dn tc Sn

Chay, ngi th 1 dn tc Dao, ngi 3 dn tc Ty v ngi th 4 dn

tc Thi l thy lang.

3.3.3. Mc s dng cy Dy ng ca

3.3.3.1. Hin trng s dng

Hnh 3.7. Biu mc s dng cy ca ngi dn

Mc s dng thng xuyn gim dn theo th t ngi dn tc

Dao, Sn Chay, Ty v Thi.

Mc thi thong dng - c dp no gp mi s dng, gim dn

theo th t ngi dn tc Thi, Dao, Sn Chay, Ty.

Mc khng s dng gim dn theo th t ngi dn tc Ty, Sn

Chay, Thi, Dao.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Sn Chay Dao Ty Thi

Khng s dng

Thi thong

Thng xuyn

44

3.3.3.2. Nhu cu s dng trong tng lai

Hnh 3.8. Biu nhu cu s dng cy Dy ng ca trong tng lai

Ngi dn tc Dao vn mun tip tc s dng cy trong tng lai nh

mt mn n tng cng sc khe tt nn nhu cu s dng cao.

Nhu cu s dng cy ca ngi dn tc Thi v Ty tp trung ch yu

vo thy lang, khi h khng nh s tip tc thu hi cy v lm v thuc trong

cc bi thuc ca mnh. Cn ngi dn chuyn sang s dng du gi, b

kt va r va d s dng hn.

Hu ht cc thy lang ngi dn tc Sn Chay khng nh vn s s

dng cy trong tng lai lm thuc, cn ngi dn phn ln l nhng

ngi trung tui tr ln th vn mun s dng gi u, xng cho khi nhc

u; cn i a s ngi tr tui th h khng mun s dng v khi au u

h s mua thuc ty v ung.

3.3.3.3. Vic trng, thu hi v bun bn cy

Theo ghi nhn ca chng ti th trn a bn iu tra khu vc ngi dn

tc Sn Chay sinh sng c 2 cy c trng, khu vc ngi Dao c 3 cy, cn

li khu vc ngi Ty v ngi Thi khng trng cy no. Nguyn nhn do

vic k thut trng kh v do tm l ngi dn li vo vic cy c trong

rng. Do ngun nguyn liu s dng vn ch yu ph thuc vo vic i

rng hi cy.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Sn Chay Dao Ty Thi

Khng

C

45

Vic thu hi, ngi dn tc Dao v Sn Chay ch yu s dng l v

thn, h rt him khi o ly r v s cht cy. Trong khi th ngi dn tc

Thi v Ty th thng tp trung vo khai thc thn v r, t khi s dng l.

Cha ghi nhn vic thu mua cy, cc thy lang ch yu t i hi hoc

nh ngi thn i hi trong rng.

Nhn xt:

thc thu hi ca ngi dn tc Dao v Sn Chay l tt, c thc bo

tn ti nguyn cy Dy ng ca. Cn ngi dn tc Thi v Ty th cn s

dng lng ph, thc bo tn cy Dy ng ca cn cha cao.

3.4. Th tc dng tng lc ca l cy Dy ng ca

3.4.1. nh hng ca cao 2:1 ln s tng trng th trng chut

Trong qu trnh nghin cu, chut cc l u n ung bnh thng,

mt sng, lng mt, phn kh, nc tiu bnh thng.

Sau khi s dng kim nh Shapiro-Wilk normality test (ph lc 7) ta thy

tng trng khi lng chut ca sau khi ung cao 2:1 ca c 4 nhm u phn

b theo phn phi chun nn ta dng kim nh Anova so snh s khc

nhau v s tng trng khi lng gia cc nhm.

Gi thit H0: Khng c s khc bit v s tng trng khi lng ca

chut gia 4 nhm sau khi ung cao 2:1(i vi nhm th) v ung nc (i

vi nhm chng).

Bng 3.5. Khi lng chut tng sau 7 ngy ca 4 l

L chut Khi lng chut tng sau 7 ngy (gam)

L chng 5,082 1,974

L ung cao 2:1 liu 6 g/kg 4,542 3,129

L ung cao 2:1 liu 12 g/kg 4,558 2,222

L ung cao 2:1 liu 24 g/kg 4,054 2,768

(S liu biu din di dng X SD)

46

Kt qu

p-value= 0.814> 0.05, khng c s khc bit v s tng trng khi

lng gia 4 nhm.

Kt lun

Nh vy, vi 3 mc liu liu 6 g/kg, 12 g/kg v 24 g/kg khng th hin

tc dng tng trng khi lng chut sau 7 ngy ung thuc.

3.4.2. nh gi tc dng ca cao 2:1

Ch c thi gian bi ca chut l chng l phn b theo phn phi

chun (p>0.05); cn thi gian bi ca chut l liu 1, l liu 2 v l liu 3 l

phn b theo phn phi khng chun (Ph lc 8). Do ta c th s dng test

Kruskal -Wallis test kim nh gi thit Ho: Khng c s khc bit v

thi gian bi gia cc nhm

.

Hnh 3.9. Biu box plot v thi gian bi ca chut 4 l

47

Kt qu

p-value= 0.9451 > 0.05.

Kt lun

Cha th loi b gi thit H0, ngha l cha c s khc bit v thi

gian bi gia 4 l chut.

Nh vy, vi 3 mc liu liu 6 g/kg, 12 g/kg v 24 g/kg cha th hin tc

dng tng lc sau 7 ngy ung thuc.

3.5. Bn lun

3.5.1. V phng php

3.5.1.1. Phng php iu tra cng ng

V phng php:

iu tra x hi hc s dng phng php phng vn vi b cu hi bn

cu trc. Do c mi quan h tt vi ngi dn a phng ti 3 vng tin

hnh iu tra Thi Nguyn, Tuyn Quang v in Bin nn vic s dng

phng php ny l ph hp. C th l s tit kim c thi gian v chi ph

mc ti a, s thu c kt qu chnh xc v trung thc v ngi dn s tin

tng,thoi mi hp tc trong qu trnh tin hnh iu tra.

+ u im ca phng vn bn cu trc :

S dng bn hng dn phng vn s tit kim thi gian phng vn.

Danh mc cc cu hi gip xc nh r nhng vn cn thu thp

thng tin nhng vn cho php linh hot cn thit tho lun cc vn

mi ny sinh.

- D dng h thng ho v phn tch cc thng tin thu c .

+ Nhc im: Cn phi c thi gian thm d trc ch quan tm

xc nh ch nghin cu v thit k cu hi ph hp.

V cch chn mu ngu nhin phn tng:

48

+ u im:

To ra mi tng mt s ng nht v cc yu t c chn phn

tng, do s gim c s chnh lch gia cc c th, mang li mt s c

lng chnh xc hn so vi kiu chn mu n.

- Qu trnh thu thp d liu thng d dng hn so vi mu ngu nhin

n. Gi thnh chi ph cho mt quan st trong cuc iu tra c th thp hn

do s phn tng qun th thun li cho vic nghin cu.

- Ngoi ra vic thu thp c thng tin v s phn b c trng trn

ton b qun th, ng thi li c thm nhng nhn nh ring cho tng tng.

+ Nhc im:

Cng nh k thut chn mu ngu nhin n, danh sch tt c cc c

th trong mi tng phi c lit k v c mang mt s ngu nhin. iu

ny trn thc t i khi kh thc hin.

S lng mu:

S dng ng cong tri thc s dng quyt nh s lng mu

NCCT. C ngha l khi phng vn thm NCCT m s tri thc s dng c

cung cp b lp li vi NCCT trc v khng c thm tri thc s dng mi th

dng iu tra.

+ u im: tnh linh ng, va thu c mt lng thng tin va li

tit kim c chi ph, thi gian, cng sc.

+ Nhc im: c th b thiu mt vi tri thc s dng c bit m

ch mt s t ngi trong cng ng bit.

3.5.1.2. Phng php th tc dng sinh hc

Phng php chut bi nghin cu tc dng tng lc (Brekhman,

1951) l phng php u tin c xy dng xc nh bn nh lng

hot tnh sinh hc ca nhn sm v cc thuc c tc dng tng t. Phng

php thun tin v n gin, cho php xc nh tnh n nh ca sc lc ca

c ng vt.

49

3.5.2. V kt qu

3.5.2.1. c im thc vt v gim nh tn khoa hc

Qua theo di trong mt thi gian di vn cha thu c b phn sinh

sn ca cy Dy ng ca, nhng khi so snh vi m t trong cc ti liu: Cy

c Vit Nam II [11], T in thc vt thng dng II [7], Thc vt ch Trung

Quc [44], Thc vt ch Thi Lan [31], v c bit l khi so snh vi mu tiu

bn ca phng tiu bn Khoa Sinh hc ca trng i hc Khoa hc T

nhin (VNU), i hc Quc gia H Ni (Ph lc 1), Vn thc vt Hong

gia Kew (Ph lc 2), Herbier Museum Paris ( Ph lc 3), thy c s trng

khp. Hn th na, chi Securidaca c khong 80 loi: ch yu vng nhit

i chu M, mt s lng nh cc loi phn b cc vng nhit i ca

chu Phi v chu . Vit Nam mi ch ghi nhn s c mt ca 1 loi trong

chi Securidaca l Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk. [7], [8]. Kt lun mu

cy thu c Thi Nguyn, in Bin, Tuyn Quang c tn khoa hc l

Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk., h Polygalaceae.

c im vi phu (l v thn) c lng che ch n bo nm p st vo

b mt l v thn; t bo m cng ha g mt dy c nm ngay bn ngoi

libe, xp lin tc to thnh hnh vng cung hoc hnh trn; m mm v v m

mm rut cha nhiu tinh bt, hnh a hoc hnh trn.

c im bt ca cy Dy ng ca c lng che ch n bo; tinh bt

rt nhiu, hnh trn hoc hnh a, rn ht phn nhnh, vn khng r; nhiu b

si; t bo m cng hnh a gic thun di u nhn hoc u t, vch dy,

mu vng nu, thng ng tp trung thnh m. Nhng c im c trng

ny l c s cho vic xy dng tiu chun kim nghim dc liu sau ny.

3.5.2.2. Cc hp cht t nhin trong cy

Ngoi cc nhm cht m cc nghin cu trn th gii ch ra trong

thn c acid, sterol, saponin th chng ti cn xc nh thm c trong thn

50

v r cy c flavonoid, ng kh, acid amin, polyphenol. Cn trong l cy

th cha thy ghi nhn trong cc nghin cu trc. Kt qu nh tnh s b

ca chng ti ch ra l c s khc bit v thnh phn ha hc ca l v thn, l

v r, nhng cc nhm hp cht c trong r v thn l ging nhau. V qua

thc t s dng ca ngi dn 4 dn tc th ta nhn thy khng c s khc

nhau v vic s dng thn v r, ngi dn trn ln c thn v r s dng.

Theo cc nghin cu trn th gii (Bng 1.1) th thn v r u cha cc

nhm cht acid, xanthone v saponin, nhng khi phn tch thnh phn cht

trong thn v r ngoi cc cht nhau th vn cn mt s cc cht ch c trong

r m khng c trong thn v ngc li. Nh vy cn thm cc nghin cu

chuyn su hn v thnh phn ha hc v tc dng dc l ca thn v r

xem liu thnh phn c tc dng dc l c phi u c trong thn v r

khng v xem cch ngi dn s dng r v thn nh th c an ton, hiu qu

khng.

3.5.2.3. Tri thc s dng ca cc dn tc

C s khc bit v vic nhn ng cy v cch s dng gia ngi dn

4 dn tc vi nhau v gia ngi dn v thy lang:

Hu ht cc thy lang ca 4 dn tc u nhn ng cy v h cn s

dng cy trong cc bi thuc cha bnh ca mnh.

V ngi dn ca 4 dn tc th c t l ngi dn nhn thc ng cy

gim dn theo th t Dao, Thi, Ty, Sn Chay. Mt s nguyn nhn do:

+ Ngi dn tc Dao nhn thc ng cy v h cn ang s dng l v

thn non ca cy nu canh vi trng v tht nc cho ph n ang mang

thai hoc sau khi sinh n cho khe. Ngi bnh thng n vo khe, nn bnh

thng h vn thu hi l v nu canh n. Hn th na ti a bn iu tra

dn tc Dao chng ti ghi nhn c 2 h gia nh trng c 3 cy, v ngi

dn xung quanh thi thong ti xin l v thn non v nu n.

51

+ Ngi dn tc Thi ch bit s dng v cy gi ra gi u cho sch

gu, nn nhng ngi trung tui bit nhiu hn so vi ngi tr tui, v ngi

tr tui gi s dng du gi u lm sch gu.

+ Ngi dn tc Ty ch bit s dng v cy gi ra gi u cho sch

gu, tng t nh ngi dn tc Thi, nhng do khu rng ti a bn iu tra

ngi dn tc Ty b pht trng keo nn ngi dn t i rng hn v

ngi tr tui s khng bit v cy. Cn khu rng ti a bn iu tra dn tc

Thi theo ghi nhn trong nhng ln i rng vi ngi dn th vn cn nhiu

cy Dy ng ca nn mi ln c vic vo rng nh chn tru, kim c nu c

gp th ngi dn vn mang v s dng.

+ Ngi dn tc Sn Chay th bit s dng l cy p ln u cha

au nhc u v dng l gi u cho tc mt, tc khng b ch ngn. Nhng

do rng b tn ph, khng trng c cy ti nh nn ngi dn ngy cng t

s dng, ngi tr tui s khng bit v cy. V khi b au u ngi dn

mua thuc ty v ung va r li tin dng.

V cng dng v cch s dng:

C s khc bit gia cch s dng cy Dy ng ca gia thy lang v

ngi dn. Ngi dn ch yu bit s dng cy Dy ng ca n cho khe,

gi u cho mt tc, sch gu , tm cho khe. Cn thy lang th s bit nhiu

cch s dng cha bnh hn. Chng t tri thc s dng cy Dy ng ca

khng c ph bin rng ri trong cng ng m ch tp trung nhng

ngi thy lang.

C s ging nhau v b phn v cch ch bin s dng gia cc thy

lang ca 4 dn tc. V cc nghin cu su v cy Dy ng ca trn th gii

ch ra cc thnh phn c tc dng nh Spinasterol [23] v 1,3,7-

Trihydroxyxanthone [22], [28] c chit t thn r c tc dng chng vim,

cht Securiosides A v B [30], [37] c chit t r cy iu tr cc bnh

52

vim nhim nh vim khp dng thp v x va ng mch. Theo quyn T

in cy thuc Vit Nam [7], [8] ghi nhn vic s dng r v v r tr n

ng tn thng, phong thp au xng, vim d dy - rut cp tnh. Nh vy

l c c s khoa hc trong vic s dng cc b phn nh thn, r iu tr

cc bnh nh au nhc xng khp, sau tai bin, au nhc u; tuy nhin cn

nghin cu thm v cch ch bin v cch s dng. Cha c nghin cu no

m t vic s dng l cy Dy ng ca.

Hin trng s dng cy Dy ng ca:

Cc thy lang hin vn ang v s tip tc s dng cy Dy ng ca

cha bnh, h tin tng vo tc dng ca cy Dy ng ca, c bit l cha

cc bnh au nhc xng khp, chn thng, vt bm tm, Cc thy lang

dn tc Dao, Sn Chay thng thu hi l v thn, t s dng r; h c

thc v vic bo tn cy thuc bng cch trng cy Dy ng ca ti vn nh

tin cho vic thu hi v s dng. Cc thy lang dn tc Thi, Ty vn thu

hi trong rng l chnh, h thng thu hi thn v r.

Ngi dn ca 4 dn tc hin nay t s dng v kh tm c cy Dy

ng ca do rng b cht ph nhiu, do h ch bit s dng n cho khe, tm

cho khe, gi u cho sch gu, au nhc u nn h c th dng nhng cch

khc thay th cc cng dng , nh dng du gi du, thuc ty va r,

va tin dng. V th nn ngy cng t ngi dn s dng v ngi tr tui

dn dn khng bit v cy Dy ng ca.

3.5.2.4. Tc dng dc l

Vic tc dng tng lc cha th hin trn chut c th l do:

+ Mc liu cn thp cha nng thuc trong c th th hin tc

dng.

Do c nghin cu no trc m t vic s dng l cy Dy ng ca

nn chng ti thc hin vic d liu th trn chut da vo mc liu quy i

53

t liu dng cho ngi. Nhng do khc nhau v mt gii phu sinh l gia

ngi v chut nn vi mc liu trn ngi th hin tc dng th cng cha

chc mc liu th hin tc dng trn chut.

+ C mt s nghin cu thit k th tc dng tng lc ca dc liu:

Nghin cu tc dng tng lc ca cng thc phi hp dc liu Thin

nin kin v Bch bnh: S dng nghim php chut bi Brekhman, thi gian

cho chut ung thuc l 7 v 14 ngy lin tc [14].

Nghin cu tc dng tng lc ca dch chit l cy Hng nhu ta

(Ocimum sanctum) trn chut vi nghim php chut bi, cho chut ung

trong 14 ngy [29].

Nghin cu tc dng tng lc ca dch chit r cy Rhodiola

sachalinensis: S dng nghim php chut bi, thi gian th 28 ngy [21].

- Nghin cu tc dng tng lc ca cy Sm Nga (Acanthopanax senticosus):

S dng nghim php chut bi, thi gian th l 28 ngy [35].

Nh vy, do vic thit k m hnh th tc dng tng lc ca dch chit

l cy Dy ng ca da nghim php chut bi Brekhman, cho chut ung

thuc lin tc trong 7 ngy l mt khong thi gian cn ngn. Nghin cu

mi ch dng li mc d liu tc dng, cn thit k nghin cu trong nhng

khong thi gian di hn c th l 14 ngy v 28 ngy.

Trong nghin cu th tc dng tng lc [21], [29], [35] ngoi theo di

khi lng v thi gian bi ca chut ngi ta cn theo di cc ch s nh

acid lactic, glycogen, glucose trong mu v cc ch s ha sinh hemoglobin,

nng ure trong mu, nng enzym creatine kinase. y l nhng du

hiu nh gi s mt mi th cht.

Qua vic iu tra tri thc s dng ca ngi dn tc Dao Thi

Nguyn ta nhn thy ngi dn rt tin tng vo vic n l cy cho khe hn

( tin cy Fv= 1), hn th na cy Dy ng ca cn c ngi dn gi vi

54

tn l cy ng lc, chng t s ghi nhn ca ngi dn v tc dng lm

ngi khe mnh hn c c kt t xa truyn li. V vy vic cha th

hin tc dng tng lc trn chut c th do mc liu thp v thi gian cho

chut ung dch chit cn ngn.

55

PHN IV: KT LUN V XUT

4.1. Kt lun

4.1.1. V thc vt

Tin hnh thu mu v m t, phn tch cc c im thc vt ca cy

Dy ng ca thu hi Thi Nguyn, Tuyn Quang, in Bin v xc nh

tn khoa hc l Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk..

m t c im vi phu l v thn, c im bt l v thn ca cy

Dy ng ca vi nhng c im kh r rng, gp phn vo cng vic xy

dng tiu chun kim nghim dc liu v lm c s cho cc nghin cu su

hn v cy Dy ng ca.

4.1.2. V cc hp cht t nhin c trong cy Dy ng ca

tin hnh nh tnh cc nhm cht t nhinhp cht c trong l,

thn, r ca cy Dy ng ca theo phng php ha hc v s b xc nh

c cc thnh phn ha hc: trong l cy Dy ng ca l flavonoid, ng

kh, acid amin, tanin, polysaccharid v polyphenol; trong thn v r cy c

flavonoid, ng kh, acid amin, acid hu c, sterol, polyphenol v saponin.

4.1.3. V iu tra tri thc s dng

tin hnh iu tra tri thc s dng ca ngi dn tc Sn Chay x

i Cn, thnh ph Tuyn Quang, tnh Tuyn Quang; ngi dn tc Ty v

Dao x Yn Ninh, huyn Ph Lng, tnh Thi Nguyn; ngi dn tc Thi

x Hua Thanh, huyn in Bin, tnh in Bin:

+ C s ngi tham gia phng vn ca cc dn tc Dao, Sn Chay,

Ty, Thi ln lt l 17; 30; 13 v 39 ngi.

+ Thu c cc tri thc s dng cy Dy ng ca vi tng cng 18

cng dng vi cch ch bin v cch s dng tng ng ca 4 dn tc, trong

c 7cng dng chung ca 4 dn tc l au lng xng khp, chn thng,

bm tm, sau tai bin, d dy, gi u, au nhc u, tm khe.

56

+ nh gi hin trng s dng cy Dy ng ca trong cng ng:

cc thy lang ca 4 dn tc hin vn ang v s tip tc s dng cy Dy ng

ca lm thuc cha bnh; ngi dn tc Dao th hin vn ang tip tc s

dng n hng ngy; cn ngi dn tc Sn Chay, Ty, Thi t s dng hn

v nhu cu s dng trong tng lai khng cao.

4.1.4. V th tc dng dc l

tin hnh th tc dng tng lc trn chut nht trng vi 3 mc liu

6g /kg ttc, 12g / 1kg ttc v 24g/ 1kg ttc, cha th hin tc dng tng lc sau 7

ngy ung.

4.2. xut

Tip tc theo di thu mu b phn sinh sn ca cy Dy ng ca

b sung vo mu tiu bn lu tr phng tiu bn.

Nghin cu su hn v cc thnh phn ha hc c trong cy Dy ng

ca.

Th tc dng sinh hc ca cy Dy ng ca da trn nhng tri thc s

dng thu c trong cuc iu tra: au lng xng khp, sau tai bin, d

dy, au nhc u.

Nghin cu thm v liu gy c v tc dng tng lc ca l cy Dy

ng ca trn chut vi mc liu cao hn liu th, thi gian tin hnh th

cc khong thi gian l 14 ngy v 28 ngy, theo di cc ch s ha sinh nh

glycogen, glycose, ure, acid lactic, hemoglobin, creatinin kinase trong mu.

TI LIU THAM KHO

Ting Vit

1. Vi Vn An, Hong B, Nguyn Trung Dng, L Duy i, V Thu

Giang, Nguyn Anh Ngc, Nguyn Vn Huy, Lu Hng , Phm Vn

Li, V Mai Phng, Chu Thi Sn, Mai Thanh Sn, B Trng Thnh,

Trn Th Thu Thu, Cm Trng, La Cng (2010), Cng ng cc dn

tc Vit Nam, NXB Gio dc Vit Nam, tr. 60-63, 154-156, 162-165,

170-174.

2. L nh Bch, Trn Vn n (2007), Thc vt hc, NXB Y hc, H

Ni.

3. Nguyn Thanh Bnh (2007), Dch t Dc hc, NXB Y hc.

4. B mn Dc liu, Trng i hc Dc H Ni (2006), Thc tp

Dc liu - Kim nghim dc liu bng phng php ha hc.

5. B mn Thc vt, Trng i hc Dc H Ni (2004), Thc tp

Thc vt v nhn thc cy thuc.

6. B Y t (2010), Dc in Vit Nam 4, ph lc 1HT , 1.1.

7. V Vn Chi (2004), T in thc vt thng dng tp 2, NXB Khoa

hc v k thut, H Ni, tr.2248-2249.

8. V Vn Chi (2012), T in cy thuc Vit Nam, NXB Y hc, H

Ni, tr.375, 1453.

9. Chnh Ph (2012), Ngh quyt s 45/NQ-CP ca Chnh ph: Ngh

quyt v vic iu chnh a gii hnh chnh thnh lp n v hnh

chnh cp x, cp huyn thuc tnh in Bin.

10. Trng Th p (2007), Thc vt dc , NXB Gio dc, H Ni.

11. Phm Hong H (2000), Cy c Vit Nam, tp 2, NXB Tr, thnh

ph H Ch Minh, tr. 348, 354.

12. Trn Hng (2012), Gio trnh Phng php nghin cu dc liu,

i hc Y Dc thnh ph H Ch Minh.

13. Gary J. Martin (2002), Thc vt dn tc hc, Nh xut bn nng

nghip.

14. L Th M Tho, Kho st mt s tc dng ca cng thc phi hp

dc liu Thin nin kin (Homalomela occulta) v Bch bnh

(eurycoma longifolia) trn chut nht trng, i hc Khoa hc T

nhin.

15. UBND x Hua Thanh (2013), Bo co tnh hnh thc hin nhim

v KTXH- ANQP nm 2013, phng hng nhim v nm 2014.

16. UBND x i Cn (2013), Bo co tnh hnh thc hin nhim v

KTXH- ANQP nm 2013, phng hng nhim v nm 2014.

18. UBND x X Yn Ninh (2001), Bo co quy hoc s dng t ai

x Yn Ninh, huyn Ph Lng, tnh Thi Nguyn thi k 2001 - 2010.

19. UBND x Yn Ninh (2013), Bo co tnh hnh thc hin nhim v

KTXH - ANQP nm 2013, phng hng nhim v nm 2014.

20. Vin Dc liu (2006), Phng php nghin cu tc dng dc l

ca thuc t dc tho, NXB Khoa hc v K thut, H Ni, tr. 295.

Ting Anh

21. Fenglin Li, Furen Xiao, Junsheng Qi (2013), Anti-fatigue effects

of polysaccharides extracted from Rhodiolae Radix, International

Current Pharmaceutical Journal, 2(3): 49-52.

22. Jiaju Zhou, Giurong Xie, Xinjian Yan (2011), Encyclopedia of

Traditional Chinese Medicines Vol.2, Springer , Berlin, pp. 174,191,

415.

23. Jiaju Zhou, Giurong Xie, Xinjian Yan (2011), Encyclopedia of

Traditional Chinese Medicines Vol. 4, Springer ,Berlin , pp. 585.

24. Jiaju Zhou, Giurong Xie, Xinjian Yan (2011), Encyclopedia of

Traditional Chinese Medicines Vol. 5, Springer ,Berlin , pp. 562.

25. Jian Zuo, Cong-Lan Ji,Yan Xia,Xiang Li, and Jian-Wei Chen

(2014), Xanthones as -glucosidase inhibitors from the

antihyperglycemic", Pharmaceutical biologyl.

26. Kang-Yi Su, Chao Yuan Yu, Yeu-Wen Chen (2014), Rutin, a

Falavonoid and principal component of Saussurea Involucrata,

attenuates physical fatigue in a forced swimming mouse model, 11

(5), pp. 528-537.

27. Li-Jie Zhang , Xue-Dong Yang , Li-Zhen Xu, Zhong-Mei Zou &

Shi-Lin Yang (2006), A new sterol glycoside from Securidaca

inappendiculata Hassk., Journal of Asian Natural Products Research,

pp.649-653.

28. Lin LL, Huang F, Chen SB, Yang DJ, Chen SL, Yang JS, Xiao PG

(2005), Xanthones from the roots of Polygala caudata and their

antioxidation and vasodilatation activities in vitro, Planta Med, 71

(4), pp.372-5.

29. M.P. Venu Prasad, Farhath Khanum (2012),Antifatigue activity of

ethanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum in rats , Research Journal of

Medicinal Plant, Vol 6, pp. 37-46.

30. Minpei Kuroda,Yoshihiro Mimaki,Yutaka Sashida,Mikio

Kitahara,Masatoshi Yamazakic and Satoru Yuic (2000), Securiosides

A and B, Novel Acylated Triterpene Bisdesmosides with Selective

Cytotoxic Activity Against M-CSF-Stimulated Macrophages,

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 11, pp.371- 374.

31. Thawatchai Santisuk, Kai Larsen (2001), Flora of Thailand Vol 7

(3), Prachachon CO LTD, ThaiLand, pp. 524-524.

32. Wen-Yi Kang, Zhe-Ming Wang, Zheng-Quan Li, and Xiao-Jie Xu

(2005), Three New Compounds from Securidaca inappendiculata

Hassk., Helvetica Chimica Acta Vol. 88, pp.2771-2776.

33. Wen-Yi Kang, Zhi-Qiang Ji, Jin-Mei Wang (2008), A new

xanthone from the roots of Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk.,

Chemical Papers, 63 (1), pp.102104.

34. Xue-Dong Yang, Li-Zhen Xu, Shi-Lin Yang (2001), Xanthones

from the stems of Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk., Phytochemistry

58 , pp.1245-1249.

35. Xue-Ling Zhang, Feng Ren, Wei Huang, Ren-Tao Ding, Qiu-

Sheng Zhou, Xin-Wei Liu (2011), Anti-fatigue sctivity of extracts of

stem bark from Acanthopanax senticosus, Molecules journal 16,pp.

28-37.

36. Yang XD1, An N, Xu LZ, Yang SL (2002), New xanthone

glycosides from Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk., J Asian Nat

Prod Res, 4 (2):141-5

37. Yui S, Kudo T, Hodono K, Mimaki Y, Kuroda M, Sashida

Y, Yamazaki M (2003), Characterization of the growth-inhibitory

and apoptosis-inducing activities of a triterpene saponin, securioside B

against BAC1.2F5 macrophages, Mediators Inflamm, 12 (3), pp. 157-

66.

Ting Trung Quc

38. Kang WY, Li CF, Song YL (2008), Antioxidant xanthones from

Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk., Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi, 33

(16):1982-5.

39. Shi L, Kang WY (2008), Study on chemical constituents in

rhizome of Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk., Zhongguo Zhong Yao

Za Zhi, 33 (7) :780-2.

40. Yang XD, Xu LZ , Yang SL (2001), Organic acid constituents

from the stem of Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk., Zhongguo

Zhong Yao Za Zhi, 26 (4):258-60.

41. Yang XD 1, Xu LZ , Yang SL (2008), Studies on the chemical

constituentsa of Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk., Yao Xue Xue

Bao, 37 (5) :348-51.

42. Yang Xue-Dong, Liu Jiang-Yun, Xu L i, Xu L i-Zhen,Yang Shi-

Lin (2003), New Sucrose Esters from Securidaca inappendiculata

Hassk., Chemical journal of Chinese universities, Vol 24, pp. 61-63.

43. Zhang LJ , Zhang L , Xu LZ , Yang XD , Zou ZM , Yang SL

(2005), A new benzophenone from the root of Securidaca

inappendiculata Hassk., Yao Xue Xue Bao, 40 (6) :536-8.

Internet

44. www.efloras.org.

PH LC

Ph lc 1: Mu tiu bn ca phng tiu bn Khoa Sinh hc, i hc

khoa hc t nhin, i hc Quc gia H Ni

Ph lc 2: Tiu bn ca phng tiu bn Vn thc vt Hong gia

Kew

Ph lc 3: Tiu bn ca phng tiu bn Herbier Museum Paris -

Museum National dHistoire Naturelle (m tiu bn: P02576529)

Ph lc 4: B cu hi phng vn

B CU HI

I. PHN THNG TIN C NHN

1.Tn ngi: .. Gii tnh:

2.Tui:

3. Thn X..

4. Dn tc:..

5. Loi gia nh (Ngho, Trung bnh, Kh gi, Giu?)

6. Ngh nghip (chnh)?

7. Nu lm thuc:

a. S nm lm ngh thuc:

b. Hc ngh t ai:

8. Trong gia nh cn c ai lm ngh thuc hay khng:

9. Ngun thuc dng cha bnh ly t u (mua li, trng, i

rng?...)

II. PHN CHNH

1.Tn gi ca cy: (tn ph thng, tn a phng)

2. Bit cy v tri thc s dng ny t ai:

3. Dch ngha: .

4. c im nhn dng: . (hoa, l, mi, mu, qu,.)

5. Phn b (hay Ni sng v Sinh thi):

6. Ma hoa: Ma qu: .

7. Cng dng: ..

8. B phn dng:

9. Ch bin..

10. Cch dng

11. Liu dng?..

12. Dng ring hay kt hp vo bi thuc? Bi g? C bao nhiu v.

Vai tr trong bi thuc?....

13. Ghi ch khc v s dng v ch bin

14.Mc s dng (C th cho im t 1 3 sao)

15. C mun tip tc s dng trong tng lai khng

16. Thu mua: (V d nh ai thu mua, thu b phn g, gi bao nhiu?

thu mua nhiu nm cha? Thu lm g.)

17. Mc sn c hay him trong t nhin

18. Tr lng tng hay gim so vi nhng nm trc y? trng

trt cha? Ly ging t u? K thut trng? Cc kh khn v k thut

trng,

Ph lc 5: Danh sch ngi cung cp tin

a. Ngi dn tc Dao v Ty, x Yn Ninh, huyn Ph Lng, tnh Thi

Nguyn.

STT H v tn Thy lang Dn tc a ch thn

1 Triu Th L Dao Sui Bc

2 ng Th Hoa Dao Sui Bc

3 ng Th Sn Dao Sui Bc

4 Triu Th Hng Dao Sui Bc

5 Hong Th Hi Dao Sui Bc

6 Triu Th Vin Dao Sui Bc

7 Triu c t Dao Sui Bc

8 ng Th Nga Dao Sui Bc

9 Triu Kim Vng Dao Sui Bc

10 Hong Th L Dao Sui Bc

11 Triu Th Lnh Dao Sui Hang

12 Triu Vn c Dao Sui Hang

13 Triu Hu Ha Dao Sui Hang

14 Triu Th Hoa Dao Sui Hang

15 La Ti Phc Dao Sui Hang

16 Triu c Nguyn Dao Sui Hang

17 Triu Th Nht B Dao Sui Hang

18 M Vn Bng Ty Bc B

19 Hong Th Hng Ty ng Ph 2

20 Thung Th Tuyt Ty ng Ph 2

21 Hong Th Lnh Ty ng Ph 2

22 H Th Thnh Ty ng Ph 2

23 Nng Th Trng Ty ng Ph 2

24 Nng Th Hu Ty ng Ph 2

25 inh Th Ti Ty ng Ph 2

26 Nng Th ng Ty ng Ph 2

27 M Vn Vit Ty ng nh

28 inh Thanh Nga Ty Bng Ninh

29 Nng Th Hin Ty Bng Ninh

30 inh Vn By Ty Bng Ninh

b. Ngi dn tc Sn Chay x i Cn, thnh ph Tuyn Quang, tnh

Tuyn Quang.

STT H v tn Thy lang a ch

1 Trn Vn Trng Khe Cua 1

2 u Vn Ti Khe Cua 1

3 L Th Hu Khe Cua 1

4 Th Hoa Khe Cua 1

5 Trn Th Linh Khe Cua 1

6 Vng Vn Ngc Khe Cua 1

7 Trng Th Lc Khe Cua 1

8 Phan Th Thi Khe Cua 1

9 u Vn Hoa Khe Cua 1

10 u Vn Dng Khe Cua 1

11 Trn Th Ngc Khe Cua 1

12 Phan Th Lng Khe Cua 1

13 u Th Ngn Khe Cua 1

14 Trn Th Nng Khe Cua 1

15 Vng Th La Khe Cua 1

16 Hong Th Tnh Khe Cua 1

17 Trn Vn Hi Khe Cua 1

18 La Th Hin Khe Cua 1

19 u Vn Khang Khe Cua 1

20 Vng Th Bnh Khe Cua 1

21 Vng Th Vui Khe Cua 1

22 Trn Th M Khe Cua 1

23 Trn Th Ti Khe Cua 1

24 Trng Vn Mnh Khe Cua 1

25 Hong Th La Khe Cua 1

26 u Vn Tnh Khe Cua 1

27 Phan Vn Gip Khe Cua 1

28 Tm Th Quang ng Mon

29 Th Hoa Ph An 2

30 Trn Th Sinh ng Mon

c. Ngi dn tc Thi, x Hua Thanh, huyn in Bin, tnh in Bin.

STT H v tn Thy lang a ch

1 L Th L Na H

2 Qung Th Hong Na H

3 L Th Bng Na H

4 Qung Vn Pu Na H

5 L Th i Na H

6 u Th Thanh Na H

7 L Vn n Na H

8 L Vn Lng Na H

9 Qung Vn Thip Na H

10 Tng Th L Na H

11 L Th L Na H

12 L Th n Na H

13 L Vn Pa Na H

14 L Th Qu Na H

15 Tng Chnh N Ten

16 Tng Vn Ni N Ten

17 L Vn Mun N Ten

18 L Th Tm N Ten

19 L Th Mng N Ten

20 L Th Hoa N Ten

21 L Vn Trung N Ten

22 L Th Tuyn N Ten

23 Qung Th i N Ten

24 L Th n N Ten

25 L Th i N Ten

26 L Th Dit N Ten

27 L Th nh N Ten

28 ng Vn n Bn Mn

29 Qung Th i Bn Mn

30 L Th Phc Bn Mn

31 L Vn Pin Bn Mn

32 L Th Xm Bn Mn

33 L Th Thnh Bn Mn

34 L Th Pnh Bn Mn

35 L Th Hoa Bn Mn

36 Qung Vn Sinh Bn Tu

37 L TH Do Bn Tu

38 L Th Pen Bn Tu

39 L Th Tuyt Bn Tu

Ph lc 6: Khi lng v thi gian bi ca 4 l chut

L

chng m1 m2

Thi gian

bi

L

liu

1

m1 m2

Thi

gian

bi

1 31 38 73 1 19.5 21 135

2 19 24 467 2 20 27 245

3 21 27 287 3 24 27 352

4 19.7 24 86 4 19 20 133

5 26 30 184 5 23 25 270

6 22.3 24 187 6 34 36 130

7 19.6 28 163 7 19.5 22.5 284

8 17.4 24 225 8 18 24 459

9 16.5 22 197 9 14 20 237

10 16.9 22 332 10 22 28 167

11 19.7 22 466 11 15 27 621

12 22.4 30

12 19 24 261

mtb0

20.958

33 26.25 242.4545 mtb1

20.5833

3 25.125 274.5

SD

4.1339

96 4.71217 133.7029 SD

5.12051

7

4.43193

5

146.037

7

SE

1.1933

82

1.36028

6 38.59671 SE

1.47816

6

1.27938

9

42.1574

4

L liu

2 m1 m2

Thi gian

bi

L

liu

3 m1 m2

Thi

gian

bi

1 17.5 23 123 1 20 24 173

L liu m1 m2 Thi gian L m1 m2 Thi

2 bi liu

3

gian

bi

2 16 23 211 2 18 25 557

3 18 23 482 3 36 41 70

4 15 16 188 4 19 23 403

5 33 37 286 5 16.8 20 130

6 21.5 28 141 6 18.8 22 268

7 20.6 26 230 7 19.3 23 647

8 18 24 308 8 21 23 160

9 24 29 202 9 21.6 25 75

10 17.7 24 1200 10 24 30 246

11 31.2 31 89 11 21.8 19 182

12 18.8 22 1200 12 25 30 296

mtb2

20.941

67 25.5 388.3333 13 21 30 1200

SD

5.7555

44

5.28290

6 392.6426 14 17.2 28

SE

1.6614

82

1.52504

3 113.3462 mtb3

21.3928

6

25.9285

7 339

SD

4.82500

9

5.62226

7

312.693

7

SE

1.28953

8

1.50261

4 83.5709

Ph lc 7: Kim nh phn phi chun ca s tng trng

lng chut

L

Gi tr

L chng L liu 1 L liu 2 L liu 3

W 0.9787 0.8847 0.8703 0.9127

p-value 0.9586 0.1007 0.0659 0.1997

Ph lc 8: Kim nh phn phi chun ca thi gian bi

L

Gi tr

L chng L liu 1 L liu 2 L liu 3

W 0.9050 0.8641 0.6799 0.7827

p-value 0.2127 0.0549 0.0005 0.0043

Ph lc 9: Mt s hnh nh nghin cu

Phng vn ti cng ng

Cuc sng, sinh hot ca ngi dn

BIA CHINH.pdfBIA PHU.pdfKLTN-TRAN THE DUYET-0901078.pdf