7
Case report Lymphoma with cutaneous involvement in three domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) STEPHEN D. WHITE,* TERRY CAMPBELL,* AVA LOGAN, { {{ ANNA MEREDITH, { PATRICIA SCHULTHEISS, } TOM VAN WINKLE, } PETER F. MOORE,** DIANE K. NAYDAN, {{ and FRANCINE MALLON{ *Department of Clinical Sciences, }Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA {University Laboratory Resources Section, }Department of Pathobiology, The School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104±6008, USA {Exotic and Laboratory Animal Services, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, University of Edinburgh, Summerhall, Edinburgh EH9 1QH, UK **Department of Pathology, {{Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA (Received 28 September 1998; accepted 18 December 1998) Abstract Three domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) with cutaneous lymphoma are described. Two rabbits were young (7 weeks and 1 years) and were euthanized within 1 week of showing clinical signs. Lymphoma was found in the skin and internal organs. The third rabbit was 9.5 years of age, and lived for more than 1 year after diagnosis. No response was seen to either 2 months of alpha-interferon administration or a 2.5-week course of isotretinoin treatment. After 1 year the rabbit died suddenly; the owner refused necropsy. Immunologic stains of the tumour in all three rabbits showed T cells to be the lymphoma cell type. Keywords: alpha-interferon, cutaneous lymphoma, lymphoma, rabbit, retinoids, skin. INTRODUCTION Lymphosarcoma has been extensively reported in the rabbit. 1±12 It has generally been acknowledged as a disease of young rabbits between 5 and 13 months of age. 2±5,13 Wire-hair rabbits have a genetic predisposi- tion to lymphosarcoma, 4 with evidence pointing to a viral agent. 6,7 In addition, viral particles have been noted on electron microscopy of lymphosarcoma of a New Zealand White rabbit. 3 In three cases, rabbits developed lymphoma after being injected with viruses: a reovirus isolated from a human case of Burkitt's lymphoma, 8 feline leukaemia, 9 and a Epstein±Barr-virus-related herpesvirus. 10 Most cases of lymphosarcoma in rabbits are aleukaemic, but cases of lymphoblastic or myeloid leukaemia in association with lymphosarcoma have been re- ported. 5,11±13 In two reports the malignant lympho- cytes were shown to be of T-cell origin. 5,10 Cutaneous lymphoma in domestic animals has been reported most commonly in dogs, 14±16 cats, 15,17 horses, 18±20 and hamsters. 21 In the one reported case of cutaneous lymphoma in the rabbit multiple painless subcutaneous swellings were noted in an 18-month-old female Netherlands dwarf rabbit. 22 Upon obtaining the diagnosis of cutaneous lympho- ma by biopsy, the rabbit was euthanized and a necropsy performed. No gross or microscopic evi- dence of lymphosarcoma was seen in any other organ system. No viral particles were seen on electron microscopic examination of the neoplasm. One other rabbit with lymphoma has been reported which had a lesion in the auditory meatus. 13 We report herein three rabbits with lymphoma involving the skin. CASE REPORTS Case 1 An approximately 1-year-old female New Zealand White laboratory rabbit weighing 5.4 kg was presented to Department of Pathobiology, The School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania for anorexia and lethargy of less than 1-week duration. The rabbit previously had been immunized with a cell line containing human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors; the last injection was given 8 months prior Correspondence and reprint requests: S. D. White, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA. Present address: {{Searle Laboratories, 4901 Searle Parkway, Skokie, Illinois, 60077, USA. # 2000 Blackwell Science Ltd 61 Veterinary Dermatology 2000, 11, 61±67 Ref start Ref end 159 DISC

Lymphoma With Cutaneous Involvement in Three Domestic Rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus) (Pages 61–67)

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Page 1: Lymphoma With Cutaneous Involvement in Three Domestic Rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus) (Pages 61–67)

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Page 7: Lymphoma With Cutaneous Involvement in Three Domestic Rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus) (Pages 61–67)

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