Lecture 32:

Counter-Terrorism:Internal American

Response & Its Cost

7th May 2003 (Wednesday)

Original Guest Speaker From the US Consulate of Hong Kong http://www.usconsulate.org.hk/ Patterns of Global Terrorism 2001

http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/pgtrpt/2001/pdf/

Patterns of Global Terrorism 2002 http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/pgtrpt/2002/pdf/

Israeli Film Festival: Desperado Square 13/5 (Tue)7:15pm Hong Kong City Hall

Theatre 18/5 (Sun)2:30pm Hong Kong Space

Museum Lecture Hall

Structure of Lecture 32 Introduction:

Key Terms Definitions Domestic Settings of National Emergencies Administrative Reconstruction after 911 New McCarthyism and Violation of Human

Rights after 911? Conclusion

Why is the “Cost” Neglected?

PART I: Introduction –

Key Term Definitions

Key Terms Definitions

Anti-Terrorism Fundamentally Opposing

Against Terrorism As an Agenda E.g. “Anti-Terror Coalition”

Counter-Terrorism Physically Fighting Back A

gainst Terrorism As an Action Plan E.g. “Office of Counter-Terr

orism”

Natures of Anti-Terrorism Today As a National Agenda of USA

Agenda of Internal Policies, Foreign Policies, Economic Policies, Social Policies, Cultural Policies…

As an Ideology – American Patriotism Comparison with Anti-Communism in

the Cold War As a Propaganda Tool

The World of Black and White As an Action Plan – Counter-

Terrorism

PART IIDomestic Settings

in National Emergencies

Nature of National Emergencies Crises Affecting People of the

Whole Nation Require a Combination of Political/

Diplomatic/ Military/ Economic/ Social Reactions Led by Political Leaders

Require an Esprit de Corps/ Patriotism to Unite the Whole Nation Led by Ideological/ Religious Leaders

Politics and Ideology are Interlocked……

Implications of the Political-Ideological Alliance Limitation of Political Freedom

Sacrifice of Human Rights to “National Interests”/

National Sponsor of Ideology Sacrifice of Ideological Freedom to

“Patriotism” Difference between “Nationalism” and

“Patriotism”: Who to Define if the Subjects “Love their Country”?

Blurring Domains of Political Leaders and Ideological Leaders Rightist Christians in the Bush

Administration Political Appointment of Ideological/

Religious Leaders

Case I:WWII (1939-1945)

America Joined WWII after the Pearl Harbor Incident (Dec 1941)

Anti-Fascism as the National Agenda AND Patriotic Ideology Anglo-American Alliance US’s “Stupid Investment” in Chiang Kai-

shek’s Government in China Illegal Detention of American Japanese

on the West Coast Concentration Camps

4-term Re-election of President Franklin Roosevelt (FDR)

Case II:McCarthyism (1950s)

Cold War between Capitalism and Communism

Anti-Communism as the National Agenda AND Patriotic Ideology

Senator Joseph McCarthy (“the Bad McCarthy”) Started the Random Allegation against “Communist Spies” in the 1950s CIA Head Hoover in the McCarthy

Years Ronald Reagan in the McCarthy Years

Documents to Pledge Allegiance to the US Government

Victims of McCarthyism Witchhunt and the “Red Terror”

Politicians (e.g. Condemnation of Harley and Marshall)

Scientists (e.g. Execution of Julius and Ethel Rosenburgs)

Hollywood (e.g. Exile of Elia Kazan) The “New McCarthyism” before 911?

Witchhunt and the “Yellow Terror”? The “New McCarthyism” after 911?

Witchhunt and the “Green Terror”? Revival of Religious Statements on

Both Sides

PART IIIThe Administrative

Reconstruction of USA after 911

“Homeland”as the New Battleland

Previous Wars: “Battle Front” “Home Front” WWI Memoirs as an Example:

Dichotomization of Trench Lives and Home Lives in One Day

911: Battle Front = Home Front Nowhere is Safe?! “Homeland Security” in a

Battling Format

Department of Homeland Security (DHS)

Office of Homeland Security (Sept 2001) Department of Homeland Security Act of 2002 DHS Established 24th January 2003

Greatest Transformation of US Government since 1947 1947: President Truman merged Various Armed Forces

into Department of Defense 22 Disparate Government Agencies into ONE

Customs, FBI, Coast Guard, Immigration and Naturalization…

“The Czar” Head: Governor Tom Ridge of Pennsylvania Budget 2003: $US 3.5Billion

Aims of DHS Protecting the Nation against Further Terrorist Attack

To Analyze Threats and Intelligence To Guard Our Borders and Airports To Protect Our Critical Infrastructure To Coordinate the Response of Our Nation for Future Emergenc

ies Protecting the Rights of American Citizens Enhancing Public Services

E.g. Natural Disaster Assistance and Citizenship Services http://www.dhs.gov/dhspublic/ No Homeland Terrorist Attack after 911 and the Anthrax

Scary – DHS Effective or Not??

Homeland Security Advisory System Green—Blue—Yellow—

Orange—Red Similar Alert Systems in

Different Countries From Internal Alert to

Public Alert Real Alert? Political Statement? From Yellow to Orange in the

Iraqi War…

USA PATRIOT Act (Oct 2001) Uniting and Strengthening

America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT) Act

Passed by Congress Oct 2001

Legalization of Spying and Excessive Intelligence Activities

May 8th 6:30pm LTB Prof. Leo Lee (李歐梵教授 ) Prof. Leonard Chan (陳國球教授 ) Mr. Lam Pui Lei (影評林沛理 ) Mr. Mak Siu Fai (麥兆輝導演 )

Details of Spying Activities In terms of Anti-Espionage and Anti-Subversion

Federation Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Central Intelligent Service (CIA) UK: MI5, MI6, 007, Johnny England…

Traditional Spying Telephone Intercepting, Mail Opening Email Surveillance “Sleeping with the Enemy”

Untraditional Spying Scientific/ Chemical “Brainstorming” Program

…

Hidden Agenda of Bush Behind the USAPATRIOT

Act? Bush’s Initial Unpopularity after the

2000 Presidential Election Bush’s Image as a “Dummy”

Bush’s Initial Executive Handicap with the Democratic-Majority Congress Before the Congress Election 2002

and the Republican Victory Bush’s Initial Pressure Mounting on

his “Ineffective Counter-Terrorism” at 911……

Result of the Administrative Restructuring

The American Togetherness after National Emergencies

Expansion of Executive Power Principle of Separation of Power Federalist Papers, the American Fou

nders and the Executive Today Expansion of Presidential Power

“Power” of Bush and Clinton – a Comparison

Is it Adequate to Compare George W Bush with Adolf Hitler? The Sense and the Nonsense

Part IV –“New McCarthyism” and

Violation of Human Rights after 911?

Target 1: External “Threats”

Guantanamo Bay Scandal of Afghan Soldiers Military Tribunal Courts With No Criminal Laws or Evidential Rule

s of Protection Messages from the Released Prisoners

War Prisoners in the Iraqi War Secret? Or Humanitarian Treatment as Reported?

Future of the Iraqi Pokers “Mrs. Anthrax” as a Case-study

Target 2: Internal “Threats” List of Foreign Citizens/ Overseas

Students on Surveillance! Close Contacts with Foreign

People Reported! “Anti-Terrorism in Neighborhood”

–Neighbors Encouraged to Report “Suspicious People” (= Foreigners)

Hate Crimes, Racism, or Melting-pot?

Target 3: “Potential Threats” American Citizens with Arabic Origins

being “Investigated” by Police Systematically Precedence of the American Japanese in

WWII “Take You to Taliban” Taxi-driver Arrested Why do you go to the Middle East? Why do you study Islam? The “Green Terror”

Muslims as the Untouchables

Assigned Readings

Main Text: Richard Falk: “Testing Patriot

ism and Citizenship in the Global Terror War” (B&D P.325-335) [leftist perspective]

Supplementary References: Alan Wolfe: “The Home Front

” (H&R P.283-294) [rightist perspective]

Conclusion – Why is the “Cost”

Neglected?

Criticism from theHuman Rights Fighters Logic

The Bush Administration as a “War Machine” External-focus: “State Terrorism” Internal-focus: “New McCarthyism”

Michael Cox: “Meanings of Victory – American

Power after the Powers” Richard Falk:

“Testing Patriotism and Citizenship in the Global Terror War”

Shift of America’s Human Rights Diplomacy

1991-2001: Rule of Human Rights in Diplomacy Human Rights Higher than Sovereignty Kosovo War Annual Report on Chinese Human

Rights After 2001: Rule of Anti-Terrorism

Human Rights Lower than Homeland Security

Annual Report on Anti-Terrorism

Lack of Internal Challengers Democratic Party Joined with the Rep

ublicans in the “War-time Coalition” Robert Byrd (86 Years Old Senator) as the

Alternative Case-study Green Party/ Radical Human Rights W

atchers/ Noam Chomsky etc Marginalized in the Mainstream Society Comparison with the Vietnam War

Criticism of US Anti-Terrorism might Violate USA PATRIOT Act

Feebleness of “International Human Rights Watchers”

Lack of Government Sponsorship to Challenge US Human Rights China: US Human Rights White

Paper The U-U-U-turns of France and

Russia… International Media Dominated by USA

Violation of Human Rights in the Iraqi War?

Previous Mandate of “Human Rights Watchers” Given by USA

~~The End~~Thank you for attending