K - 1 Traktus Urinaria (Anatomi)

7/23/2019 K - 1 Traktus Urinaria (Anatomi)

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DEPARTEMEN ANATOMI

FK-USU

MEDAN

Tractus urinarius



• The urinary system of the human boy consists

of two kidneys, two ureters, the bladderand a single urethra.

• The !ineys are "ocate on the #osterior $a"" ofthe abomen at $aist "e%e"& Each !iney is

rou'h"y () cm "on' an * cm $ie+ an isencase in a ,brous outer ca#su"e ca""e therena" ca#su"e&

• The main function of the !ineys is to controlblood volume and composition& They othis by ,"terin' the b"oo to remo%e $aste#roucts+ sa"ts an $ater& These are secretein the form of urine&





• The !ineys are "ocate in the #osterior #art of theabomen&

•

There is one on each sie of the s#ine +the ri'ht !ineysits ust be"o$ the "i%er+ the "eft be"o$ the ia#hra'maan aacent to the s#"een&

• Abo%e each !iney is an adrenal gland .a"so ca""e thesuprarenal gland/& The asymmetry $ithin the abomina"ca%ity cause by the "i%er resu"ts in the ri'ht !ineybein' s"i'ht"y "o$er than the "eft one $hi"e the "eft !ineyis "ocate s"i'ht"y more meia"&

• The !ineys are retro#eritonea"

• They are a##ro0imate"y at the vertebral level T12 toL3&

• The u##er #arts of the !ineys are #artia""y #rotecte bythe eleventh and twelfth ribs.

• 1on'enita" absence of one or both !ineys+ !no$n asuni"atera" or bi"atera" rena" a'enesis+ can occur







Ureter The ureters e"i%er urine to the b"aer from the !iney to

b"aer&

The ureters are retroperitoneal+ $hich means that they are"ocate in the retroperitoneal space &

In au"ts the ureters are a##ro0 (2 inches .3) cm/ "on' an

ha%e a muscu"ar coat that ti'htens an re"a0es to mo%e urinea$ay from the !iney& This muscu"ar action is controlled bythe autonomic nervous system (!"# an o#erates in asimi"ar $ay to that of peristalsis in the i'esti%e system&

The ureters #ass throu'h the #osterior surface of the b"aer at

the $reter %ri&ces.Urine rains throu'h the ureters directly into the bladder as

there are no sphincter muscles or valves at the ureterori,ces





4"aer• The b"aer is "ocate on the 5oor of the #e"%ic

ca%ity& .Other organs, glands and tissueslocated in the pelvic cavity include the rectum,gender-specifc reproductive organs, parts o

the small intestine, blood vessels, lymphaticvessels, and nerves).

• The b"aer is "ocate anterior to .i&e& in frontof/ the rectum in ma"es&

•

In fema"es it is a"so in front of the uterus anu##er %a'ina so its "ocation is escribe sim#"yas 6anterior to the uterus an u##er %a'ina6&



The urinary b"aer is amusculomembranous sac $hose sha#eis a7ecte by factors inc"uin' the #erson8sa'e an se0 - as $e"" as the %o"ume of

urine it contains at the time& The 6su#erior6 or 6abomina"6 surfaces+

an the 6"atera"6 surfaces of the b"aerare co%ere by peritoneum&



4"aer in #e"%ic ca%ity



Structure of 4"aer

The b"aer itse"f .6musculomembranous sac6/ consists of 9"ayers:

• "erous The outer 6serous6 "ayer is a #artia" "ayer eri%e from the#eritoneum&

• 'uscular The detrusor muscle is the musc"e of the urinary b"aer $a""&It consists of three "ayers of smooth .in%o"untary/ musc"e ,bres&

The eternal layer is "on'ituina"+ the middle layer is circu"arcon,'uration+ an the internal layer is "on'ituina" &• "ub)mucous This is a thin "ayer of areo"ar tissue &

• 'ucous The innermost "ayer+$hich contains transitiona" e#ithe"ium tissuethat can stretch& The abi"ity of this tissue to stretch is im#ortantbecause it contains %ariab"e %o"umes of "i;ui - as the b"aer is,""e an em#tie se%era" times #er ay& 4ecause it is on"y"oose"y attache to the .stron' an substantia"/ muscu"ar "ayer+the mucosa fa""s into many fo"s !no$n as rugae $hen theb"aer is em#ty or is on"y ,""e to a sma"" e0tent&







*emale urethraAt on"y about (&* inches .3* mm/ "on'+ the fema"e au"t

urethra is shorter than the au"t ma"e urethra .a##ro0&or < inches+ or 2))mm/&

The fema"e urethra is "ocate immeiate"y behin the#ubic sym#hysis an is embee into the front $a"" of

the %a'ina& The urethra itse"f is a narro$ membranous cana" that

consists of three "ayers:'uscular layer - continuous $ith the muscu"ar "ayer

of the b"aer+ this e0tens the fu"" "en'th of the

urethra& Thin layer of spongy erectile tissue - inc"uin'

#"e0us of %eins an bun"es of smooth musc"e ,bres&=ocate immeiate"y be"o$ the mucous "ayer&



'ucous layer - interna""y continuous $ith theb"aer an "ine $ith "aminate e#ithe"ium that istransitiona" near to the b"aer&

After #assin' throu'h the urogenital diaphragm +the fema"e urethra ens at the eternal ori&ce ofurethra - $hich is the #oint at $hich the urine

"ea%es the boy& This is "ocate bet$een the c"itorisan the %a'ina" o#enin'&

The #assa'e of urine a"on' the urethra throu'h the

uro'enita" ia#hra'm is contro""e by the eternalurethral sphincter+ $hich is a circu"ar musc"euner %o"untary contro" .that is+ it is inner%ate bythe somatic ner%ous system+ SNS



'ale urethra

At about <-> inches .2)) mm/ "on'+ theau"t male urethra is "on'er than theau"t fema"e urethra .of a##ro0& (&* inches3* mm/&

It has three #ortions .the prostaticurethra+ the membranous urethra+ anthe spongy urethra / an e0tens fromthe nec! of the b"aer to the meatus

urinarius at the en of the ma"e#enis?urethra&





The three re'ions?sections of the ma"e urethra are:• +rostatic $rethra The prostatic urethra be'ins at the neck of the

bladder an inc"ues a"" of the section that #assesthrou'h the prostrate gland& It is the $iest an mosti"atab"e #art of the ma"e urethra" cana"&

• 'embranous $rethra The membranous urethra is the shortest an

narro$est #art of the ma"e urethra& This sectionmeasures a##ro0& )&* - )&@* inches .(2 - (> mm/ in"en'th an is the section of the urethra that #assesthrou'h the ma"e urogenital diaphragm&

The eternal urethral sphincter .musc"e/ is "ocate inthe urogenital diaphragm .as for the fema"e urethra/&

The #assa'e of urine a"on' the urethra throu'h theuro'enita" ia#hra'm is contro""e by the eternalurethral sphincter+ $hich is a circular muscle undervoluntary control .that is+ it is inner%ate by thesomatic ner%ous system+ SNS/&



"pongy $rethraThe spongy urethra is the "on'est of the

three sections&

It is a##ro0& inches .(*) mm/ in "en'th

It is containe in the cor#us s#on'iosum thate0tens from the en of the membranous#ortion+ #asses throu'h the penis+ anterminates at the eternal ori&ce of theurethra - $hich is the #oint at $hich the

urine "ea%es the boy&



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K - 1 Traktus Urinaria (Anatomi)