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DAFTAR ISI

SAMPUL DEPAN ..................................................................................................... i

SAMPUL DALAM .................................................................................................... i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ....................................................................................... ii

PENETAPAN PANITIA PENGUJI .......................................................................... iii

SURAT PERYATAAN ORISINILITAS .................................................................. iv

UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH ....................................................................................... v

ABSTRAK ................................................................................................................. vii

ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... viii

DAFTAR ISI .............................................................................................................. ix

DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................. xiii

DAFTAR TABEL ...................................................................................................... xiv

BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................................... 1

1.1 Latar belakang ................................................................................................ 1

1.2 Rumusan masalah ........................................................................................... 4

1.3 Tujuan penelitian ............................................................................................ 4

1.3.1 Tujuan umum ................................................................................................. 4

1.3.2 Tujuan khusus ................................................................................................ 4

1.4 Manfaat penelitian .......................................................................................... 4

1.4.1 Manfaat teoritis .............................................................................................. 4

1.4.2 Manfaat praktis ............................................................................................... 4

BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ................................................................................ 5

2.1 Lanjut usia (Lansia) ........................................................................................ 5

2.1.1 Pengertian lansia ............................................................................................ 6

2.1.2 Pengertian sehat .............................................................................................. 6

2.1.3 Epidemiologi .................................................................................................. 6

2.1.4 Teori penuaan ................................................................................................. 7

2.1.4.1 Teori stochastic .............................................................................................. 7

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2.1.4.2 Teori pemograman ......................................................................................... 7

2.1.4.3 Teori neuroendokrin ....................................................................................... 8

2.1.4.4 Teori penuaan pada membran ........................................................................ 9

2.1.4.5 Teori hayflick limit ......................................................................................... 9

2.1.4.6 Teori penurunan mitokondria ......................................................................... 9

2.1.4.7 Teori cross-linking of aging ........................................................................... 10

2.2 Perubahan rongga mulut lansia ...................................................................... 10

2.2.1 Mukosa mulut ................................................................................................. 10

2.2.2 Geligi .............................................................................................................. 11

2.2.3 Kelenjar saliva ................................................................................................ 11

2.2.4 Jaringam periodontal ...................................................................................... 13

2.3 Kelainan jaringan lunak rongga mulut lansia ................................................. 13

2.3.1 Fissured tongue .............................................................................................. 13

2.3.1.1 Definisi ........................................................................................................... 13

2.3.1.2 Etiologi ........................................................................................................... 14

2.3.1.3 Gambaran klinis ............................................................................................. 14

2.3.2 Coated tongue ................................................................................................ 15

2.3.2.1 Definisi ........................................................................................................... 15

2.3.2.2 Etiologi ........................................................................................................... 15

2.3.2.3 Gambaran klinis ............................................................................................. 15

2.3.3 Crenated tongue ............................................................................................. 16

2.3.3.1 Definisi ........................................................................................................... 16

2.3.3.2 Etiologi ........................................................................................................... 16

2.3.3.3 Gambaran klinis ............................................................................................. 17

2.3.4 Lingual varices ............................................................................................... 17

2.3.4.1 Definisi ........................................................................................................... 17

2.3.4.2 Etiologi ........................................................................................................... 17

2.3.4.3 Gambaran klinis ............................................................................................. 18

2.3.5 Linea alba buccalis ........................................................................................ 18

2.3.5.1 Definisi ........................................................................................................... 18

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2.3.5.2 Etiologi ........................................................................................................... 18

2.3.5.3 Gambaran klinis ............................................................................................. 19

2.3.6 Depapilasi lidah .............................................................................................. 19

2.3.6.1 Definisi ........................................................................................................... 19

2.3.6.2 Etiologi ........................................................................................................... 19

2.3.6.3 Gambaran klinis ............................................................................................. 20

2.3.7 Hiperpigmentasi papilla ................................................................................. 20

2.3.7.1 Definisi ........................................................................................................... 20

2.3.7.2 Etiologi ........................................................................................................... 20

2.3.7.3 Gambaran klinis ............................................................................................. 20

2.3.8 Papilla prominent ........................................................................................... 21

2.3.8.1 Definisi ........................................................................................................... 21

2.3.8.2 Etiologi ........................................................................................................... 21

2.3.8.3 Gambaran klinis ............................................................................................. 21

2.3.9 Ductus stenoni prominent ............................................................................... 22

2.3.9.1 Definisi ........................................................................................................... 22

2.3.9.2 Etiologi ........................................................................................................... 22

2.3.9.3 Gambaran klinis ............................................................................................. 22

2.3.10 Frictional keratosis ........................................................................................ 23

2.3.10.1 Definisi ......................................................................................................... 23

2.3.10.2 Etiologi ......................................................................................................... 23

2.3.10.3 Gambaran klinis ........................................................................................... 23

BAB 3 KERANGKA KONSEP ................................................................................ 25

3.1 Bagan kerangka konsep .................................................................................. 25

3.2 Narasi kerangka konsep.................................................................................. 26

BAB 4 METODE PENELITIAN............................................................................... 27

4.1 Jenis dan rancangan penelitian ....................................................................... 27

4.2 Populasi penelitian ......................................................................................... 27

4.3 Sampel penelitian ........................................................................................... 27

4.3.1 Metode pengambilan sampel .......................................................................... 27

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4.3.2 Inklusi ............................................................................................................. 27

4.3.3 Eksklusi .......................................................................................................... 28

4.4 Variabel penelitian ......................................................................................... 28

4.4.1 Variabel bebas ................................................................................................ 28

4.4.2 Variabel terikat ............................................................................................... 28

4.5 Definisi operasional variabel .......................................................................... 28

4.6 Tempat dan waktu penelitian ......................................................................... 30

4.6.1 Tempat penelitian ........................................................................................... 30

4.6.2 Waktu penelitan .............................................................................................. 30

4.7 Alat dan bahan ................................................................................................ 30

4.7.1 Alat penelitian ................................................................................................ 30

4.7.2 Bahan Penelitian ............................................................................................. 31

4.8 Prosedur pengumpulan data ........................................................................... 31

4.9 Pengolahan data .............................................................................................. 32

4.10 Alur penelitian ................................................................................................ 33

BAB 5 HASIL PENELITIAN DAN ANALISIS DATA .......................................... 34

5.1 Hasil penelitian dan analisis data ................................................................... 34

BAB 6 PEMBAHASAN ............................................................................................ 38

BAB 7 PENUTUP...................................................................................................... 45

7.1 Kesimpulan ..................................................................................................... 45

7.2 Saran ............................................................................................................... 45

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................ 47

LAMPIRAN ............................................................................................................... 51

PREVALENSI VARIANS NORMAL... VINT ERAWATI S