Industrialization and Imperialism

Industrialization and Imperialism

Factory System:

Mass production of

finished goods in factories, made by

workers using large

machines

Industrial Revolution

Domestic System:

Production of goods from within the

home, made by hand

using individual

tools

What advantages and disadvantages did both production systems offer?

Mass Production:Large scale production of identical

goods for consumers


Did You Know…The first mass produced automobile was the Ford Model T, which

sold for just $295!

Great Britain:Industrial Revolution began here because

of…•Large working class population•New innovative technologies

•Large amount of capital to invest•Natural Resources like coal and iron


Spinning Jenny: James Hargreaves


Changes in Textile Production:

Cotton Gin: Eli Whitney

Flying Shuttle: John Kay


Did You Know…In 1750 over 80% of Europeans lived in rural areas. By 1900 over

80% would live in urban areas!

Urbanization: The migration of people from rural areas to urban societies, usually in search

of employment.The pollution that resulted

from the factories and industrialization created

environmental hazards and unsafe living conditions.

Some authors, like Charles Dickens, addressed these

concerns in their literature.


Did You Know…In the 1840’s many children worked in factories and mines for

nearly 80 hours per week!

Labor Unions: Organizations of workers who sought to improve working conditions.

Worker organizations were a cultural impact of the

Industrial Revolution. They helped create a solid middle class and guarantee some

standards of living, including limits on child labor.

Imperialism

What do you think?Is imperialism a bad thing, or good thing, or is it possible it could

be both?

Imperialism: The policy of extending sovereignty (rule) over territories abroad—powerful states with political

or economic control over weaker peoples

The driving force behind European imperialism in the 19th century was the pursuit of natural resources around

the world used to fuel industrialization.

Imperialism

Did You Know….By the turn of the 20th century, England was the largest imperial power in the world, inspiring the quote, “The sun never sets on

the British Empire”.

•Europeans built up the infrastructure of their colonies for more efficient gathering of resources. •Imperialism would often lead to cultural diffusion in the form of languages, education, clothing, and customs.

Imperialism

What new forms of transportation emerged in the 19th century that would help imperial powers transport their

goods and resources?

•The new transportation that resulted from industrialization helped promote European imperialism.•The Suez Canal was built in Egypt in 1869. It allowed ships to sail from the Mediterranean to Asia without going around Africa. Who did this benefit?

Imperialism

Did You Know…Of all the African nations that resisted European control, only Ethiopia managed to defeat their

European counterpart and maintain independence.

•The Dash for Africa:In the 1880’s, Europeans

divided Africa up politically and staked their claim over the continent. Most industrialized European countries participated. What important voice do you think was NOT present?

Imperialism

Did You Know…At one point, it is estimated that nearly 5% of the Chinese population was addicted to opium being

provided by the British?

•The Opium Wars:China resisted British opium

trade in their country and the two countries fought over the issue. England won, and gained valuable ports (like Hong Kong) and Extraterritoriality (Foreign citizens subject to their home laws).

Imperialism

India* Sepoy Mutiny – Sepoys were Indian soldiers that served Britain, but revolted against British authority during imperialism.* Sikhs (Muslim/Hindu religion) aided the British

Did You Know…Because the cartridges used in British rifles contained

tallow (cow fat), Sepoys refused to use the guns, which led to the mutiny against the British!

China•Boxer Rebellion – Chinese workers (boxers) rose up against British imperial control, but were defeated.

What do the Sepoy Mutiny and the Boxer Rebellion

have in common?

Imperialism

Did You Know…Rudyard Kipling’s poem, “The White Man’s Burden”

was written as a critique of Social Darwinism.

•Social Darwinism:The social evolutionary

theory that stated that any society which failed to grow and advance would ultimately be wiped out or controlled. Europeans used this theory to justify imperial control over their colonies and the native people in foreign lands.

Economics

•The long term social impact of the Industrial Revolution was the rise of the middle class. •New economic theories would arise in response to the changing social conditions that resulted from industrialization.

Did You Know…Karl Marx, the author of “The Communist Manifesto”,

predicted that workers would one day rise up and overthrow the factory owners and upper class.

Economics

•Adam Smith wrote “Wealth of Nations”, which stated that governments should not interfere with the economy. He advocated for “laissez-faire” economics and free market capitalism.

Did You Know…“Laissez-Faire” literally means “to

allow without interference” in French.

What is your interpretation of the quote above?

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Industrialization and Imperialism