World HistoryUnit 6:

Industrialization and Imperialism

The British Empire1700’s

I. Early 1800’s - The Industrial Revolution in Britain

A. Origins

1. Br’s colonies demand goods, textiles

2. Br’s strong agriculture brought spending $ for common people

3. Br’s stable government

4. Br’s effective banking system

B. The First Factories

1. only factories can meet the demands

2. energy needed to power the factories

- steam engine – James Watt

C. Railroads Impact

1. Railroads transformed:

a) economy - reduced cost to ship goods

b) need for unskilled labor

D. Industry and Population

1. 1860 – Br produced 20% of world’s industrial goods

2. Br’s population and cities increase

II. Factory Labor

A. New Social Classes Develop

1. Industrial Middle Class

- bourgeoisie – “today’s white collar worker”

2. Industrial Working Class

- factory worker

1. harsh working conditions

2. long hours

3. low pay

4. increased child labor

3. Labor Unions Emerge

1. attempts by workers to improve their poor working conditions and wages

4. Socialism (gov’t economic control) Develops

1. attempts by gov’t to improve conditions for workers and vulnerable people

III. Adam Smith – Economic Liberalism

A. Free Market Capitalism

1. laissez faire – gov’t hands off the economy

2. the “invisible hand”

3. use everyone’s selfish nature to create harmony (increased wealth) for all

4. Gov’t should only: defend, protect, and provide public works that can’t

profit

B. Problems with Capitalism

1. selfish

2. competition creates winners and losers

3. furthers divisive class struggles

4. “right to work?”

The “invisible hand”

“From each according to his ability, to each according to his need."

~ Karl Marx, The Communist Manifesto

IV. Marxist Socialism

A. 1848 - Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels write The Communist Manifesto

1. “the bible” of socialism

2. class struggles need to be eliminated

3. industrialization has split classes more than ever:

- bourgeoisie – upper middle class

- proletariat – industrial working class

- bourgeoisie profits = wages stolen from the proletariat

4. Marx predicts a violent Proletarian Revolution

- “The proletariat has nothing to lose but its chains.”

Karl Marx

V.The Scramble for Africa and Asia 1880-1914

A. New Imperialism – Eu countries ruling max people + max territory in Af + Asia

B. “gold rush” mentality – the race for territory

1. 1880 – Eu ruled 10% of Af

2. 1900 – Eu ruled almost 100% of Af“Steam and electricity have annihilated distance, and all the non-appropriated lands

on the surface of the globe can become the field of our operations and of our success.”

~ King Leopold II of Belgium, 1861

Africa Today

C. 1884 – Berlin Conference

1. Otto von Bismarck of G

2. no single Eu power could control Af

3. stop slavery and slave trade

4. imperial ambitions did not lead to Eu war

D. Imperialism in Asia

1. The Neth – Indonesia

2. Fr – Indochina

3. U.S. – Phillippines

Otto von Bismarck

VI. Causes of Imperialism

A. Money, Jobs, Resources

B. Security

C. Power and Prestige

1. “There has never been a great power w/o colonies.” ~ Fr Journalist 1877

D. Social Darwinism

1. “The strongest nation has always been conquering the weaker…the strongest tend to be the best.” ~ Br Economist 1900

E. “Philanthropy” – The White Man’s Burden

1. the West’s “duty” to civilize the uncivilized

F. Technological Gap1. machine gun

2. disease awareness

3. steamship

4. telegraph

Charles Darwin

“The Maxim gun will be of valuable service in helping civilization overcome barbarism.”

Henry M. Stanley

G. Religious Missions – spread Christianity

H. Humanitarian – to stop the slave trade

V. Critics of Imperialism

A. Imperialism by J.A. Hobson

1. Imperialism is caused by unregulated capitalism

2. Only the distrustful economically benefit from colonies

3. “O Evolution, what crimes are committed in thy name.”

4. “The Brown Man’s loss must never imply the White Man’s gain.” ~ Rudyard Kipling

B. Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad

1. “The pure selfishness of civilizing”

2. Contradiction in democracy - rep gov’t at home, dictatorship in the colonies

3. Don’t the natives have the right to self-determination?

“Dictatorship is a legitimate mode of government in dealing with barbarians, provided the end be their improvement.”

John Stuart Mill in his book On Liberty

Unit 6 Review:

- Industrialization – Why Br?

- Socialism

- Marxism

- Capitalism

- The Invisible Hand

- New Imperialism

- Social Darwinism

- White Man’s Burden

- Technological Gap