ImperialismWhich of the following statements do youmost agree with?A. A stronger country has the right to take over a

weaker country.B. A strong country should never interfere with

weaker countries.C. A strong country should use its strength to help

weaker countries.D. A strong country should use its strength to gain

the most economic advantages possible from the weaker countries.

Desire of a powerful nation to dominate the political, economic, and cultural affairs of another state or region.

Western Advantages

• Strong economies• Well organized governments• Powerful armies and navies• Technological advantages

– Telegraph– Medicine to help survive tropical

diseases– Maxim gun– Steam driven warships

Causes• Industrial Revolution

– Raw materials– Markets– Profits– Increased standards of living

• Nationalism– Glory and power for Mother country– Strategic locations for military bases– Source of troops for growing military

Causes continued• Increased population

– Population doubled in the 19th century– Massive emigrations because of

unemployment

• Social reasons– Religious

• Conversion• Humanitarian

– Social Darwinism• Cultural superiority of west

Forms of Imperialism• Colony

– Full control– Ruled through colonial officials from mother

country

• Protectorate– Native ruler remained in power outwardly– Controlled behind the scenes

• Sphere of Influence– Economic privileges respected by other

European powers

Scramble for Africa

Berlin Conference 1884-1885– Bismarck– Resolve potential

conflicts over colonies– Africa not represented

Effects of Colonization of Africa

Africans… – lost right to rule themselves– Forced to adopt European customs,

languages, and ways of life– Farmers lost lands to Europeans– Forced to work for Europeans at low wages– Paid taxes but did not vote

South Africa

• Dutch– 1652-way station for ships named Cape

Colony– Boers [Afrikaners]—farmers– Calvinists—justified harsh treatment of natives

• Zulu– Shaka major force in 1800’s

South Africa continued• British

– Seize territory during Napoleonic Wars 1800• British language, currency, education, and religion

imposed

– Great Trek 1830-• Boers move northeast to escape British domination

• 1867—diamonds discovered on Kimberly farm

• 1886—gold discovered

• Zulu Wars

– Boer Wars-1899-1902• Guerilla warfare and sabotage used vs. British

• Concentration camps

• British allowed Dutch to keep language and schools

1910 Union of South Africa

•Natal, Cape Colony, Transvaal, and Orange Free State united

•Non-whites given few rights under constitution

•Basis of segregation-Apartheid

ends 1990