ImperialismImperialism

Ch. 17Ch. 17

ImperialismImperialism

Economic and political domination of Economic and political domination of a strong nation over other weaker a strong nation over other weaker nationsnations

Reasons for Reasons for ImperialismImperialism

EconomicsEconomics• Raw materialsRaw materials• New markets to sell New markets to sell

goodsgoods• Jobs neededJobs needed

Don’t Write!Don’t Write!• Beveridge- “We are Beveridge- “We are

making more than we making more than we can use. Therefore, we can use. Therefore, we must find new markets must find new markets for our produce, new for our produce, new occupation for our occupation for our capital, new work for capital, new work for our labor.”our labor.”

SuperioritySuperiority• Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism• Fiske- believed English-Fiske- believed English-

speaking nations had speaking nations had superior character, superior character, ideas, & systems of ideas, & systems of govt. & were destined govt. & were destined to dominate the planet. to dominate the planet. (Anglo-Saxonism)(Anglo-Saxonism)

U.S. Then, Then, & NowU.S. Then, Then, & NowTHENTHEN

1796- George Washington’s 1796- George Washington’s Farewell AddressFarewell Address• ““It is our true policy to It is our true policy to

steer clear of permanent steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion alliances with any portion of the foreign world.”of the foreign world.”

THENTHEN• 1845- Manifest Destiny- 1845- Manifest Destiny-

believed it had been the believed it had been the nation’s destiny to expand nation’s destiny to expand west to the Pacific Oceanwest to the Pacific Ocean

NOWNOW

• 20102010

Expansion in the PacificExpansion in the Pacific

1853- Commodore 1853- Commodore Matthew Perry Matthew Perry

(no, not the guy from Friends)(no, not the guy from Friends)

entered Yedo entered Yedo (Tokyo) Bay to (Tokyo) Bay to open trade open trade between the U.S. & between the U.S. & JapanJapan

1887- planters pressured 1887- planters pressured

the Hawaiian king to acceptthe Hawaiian king to accept

a new constitution limitinga new constitution limiting

his powerhis power

1891- Queen Liliuokalani ascended the 1891- Queen Liliuokalani ascended the throne (planters forced her to give up her throne (planters forced her to give up her throne)throne)• 1898- US annexed Hawaii1898- US annexed Hawaii

““Speak Softly” vs. Dollar DiplomacySpeak Softly” vs. Dollar Diplomacy

““Speak softly & Speak softly & carry a big stick” -carry a big stick” -RooseveltRoosevelt

Roosevelt Corollary- Roosevelt Corollary- the U.S. would the U.S. would intervene in Latin intervene in Latin American affairs American affairs when necessary to when necessary to maintain stabilitymaintain stability

Dollar Diplomacy- Dollar Diplomacy- Americans would Americans would invest in foreign invest in foreign economieseconomies• TaftTaft• ““substituting dollars substituting dollars

for bullets”for bullets”

Spanish-American WarSpanish-American War

Feb. 1898- Feb. 1898- U.S.S. MaineU.S.S. Maine exploded in the exploded in the Havana, Cuba Havana, Cuba harbor (266 harbor (266 died)died)• Accidental fire or Accidental fire or

a mine?a mine?

RememberRemember The MaineThe Maine

Cuba in the middle of a Cuba in the middle of a revolution against Spainrevolution against Spain

We supported Cuba’s We supported Cuba’s independenceindependence

Many Americans blamed Many Americans blamed Spain for the explosionSpain for the explosion

Yellow JournalismYellow Journalism*today we have National Inquirer, Star, etc.**today we have National Inquirer, Star, etc.*

Sensational reportingSensational reporting—writers exaggerated —writers exaggerated or even made up or even made up stories to attract stories to attract readersreaders

April 19,1898- U.S. April 19,1898- U.S. declared Cuba declared Cuba independentindependent

April 24- Spain April 24- Spain declared war on the declared war on the U.S.U.S.

Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt

Election of 1900- Pres. Election of 1900- Pres. McKinley assassinatedMcKinley assassinated• Roosevelt- his VPRoosevelt- his VP

• Believed America Believed America should increase their should increase their power in the worldpower in the world

• Helped lead the “Rough Helped lead the “Rough Riders” with Leonard Riders” with Leonard Wood, in the war (when Wood, in the war (when he was assistant sec. of he was assistant sec. of the navy)the navy)

Peace TreatyPeace Treaty

July- US takes San Juan and Kettle Hill (all July- US takes San Juan and Kettle Hill (all black 9black 9thth & 10 & 10thth cavalry regiments fought cavalry regiments fought at Kettle Hill)at Kettle Hill)

Aug. 12, 1898- Spain & the U.S. declare a Aug. 12, 1898- Spain & the U.S. declare a cease-firecease-fire

Treaty of Paris (1898):Treaty of Paris (1898):• Cuba became an independent countryCuba became an independent country• US acquired Puerto Rico & GuamUS acquired Puerto Rico & Guam• US pays $20 mil. for the PhilippinesUS pays $20 mil. for the Philippines• (1946- independence given to the Philippines)(1946- independence given to the Philippines)

Open Door PolicyOpen Door Policy U.S. feared China U.S. feared China

would be carved would be carved into colonies & into colonies & American traders American traders would be shut outwould be shut out

1899- U.S. 1899- U.S. proposed the proposed the Open Door Policy- Open Door Policy- kept China open kept China open to all nations (for to all nations (for trading)trading)

U.S.- “Look at me! Look at me!”U.S.- “Look at me! Look at me!”

1907- Roosevelt sent 16 battleships 1907- Roosevelt sent 16 battleships on a voyage (“parade”) around the on a voyage (“parade”) around the world to showcase the nation’s world to showcase the nation’s military might! military might!

“THE GREAT WHITE FLEET”

Panama CanalPanama Canal

Roosevelt wanted a Roosevelt wanted a shorter route from the shorter route from the Atlantic to the PacificAtlantic to the Pacific

French started the canal, French started the canal, but quit after disease & but quit after disease & bankruptcybankruptcy

1903- U.S. offered 1903- U.S. offered Columbia $10 mil & a Columbia $10 mil & a yearly rent of $250,000 to yearly rent of $250,000 to build the canal (Columbia build the canal (Columbia refused)refused)

U.S.- “We always get our way”!U.S.- “We always get our way”! 1903- U.S. encouraged 1903- U.S. encouraged

Panamanians to revolt against Panamanians to revolt against ColumbiaColumbia• 2 weeks after- U.S. & Panama 2 weeks after- U.S. & Panama

sign treaty for U.S. to build the sign treaty for U.S. to build the canal (took 10 years to finish)canal (took 10 years to finish)

• 1999- Panama officially took over 1999- Panama officially took over the canalthe canal

• William Gorgas (Alabamian)- helped stop the William Gorgas (Alabamian)- helped stop the spread of yellow fever & encouraged use of spread of yellow fever & encouraged use of mosquito nets during the building of the canalmosquito nets during the building of the canal