Imperialism

Chapter 5, section 1

Imperialism

• Defined: The economic and political domination of a strong nation over other weaker nations

Imperialism

• In the 1800s, European nations were very aggressive

• Expanded control of nations all around the globe

• Best example:

Imperialism

• Factors:

• 1. Economic

• 2. Nationalism

• 3. Militaristic

• 4. Humanitarian reasons

Imperialism

• 1. Economic

• Countries had become industrialized, factories needed raw materials, resources

• Needed new overseas markets

• Example:

Imperialism

• 2. Nationalism

• Defined: Extreme patriotism

• Nations gobbled up land to prevent their rival nations from gaining complete control in some regions

• Example:

Imperialism

• 3. Militaristic

• Some regions were taken over to provide defense, to protect their investments

• Example:

Imperialism

• 4. Humanitarian reasons

• Social Darwinism widely accepted

• Many felt it was their “Christian duty” to help other races

• “The White Man’s Burden”

Imperial Control

• European nations began exerting control over those territories

• Some areas became colonies

• Many others became protectorates

U.S. Imperialism

• Until the late 1800s, the U.S. had always been able to expand westward

• “Manifest destiny”

• Americans felt to keep the economy strong, they needed to expand its overseas markets

U.S. Imperialism• The U.S. will look westward when

beginning to look for new markets overseas

• Began extensive trade with China in the mid 1800s

Japan

• Many American business leaders wanted to open up trade with Japan

• Beginning in 1638, Japan cut off trade with foreign nations fearing their culture was being threatened

Japan

• In 1853, President Franklin Pierce will use force to open trade with Japan

Japan

• Matthew C. Perry ordered to take a naval expedition to Japan to negotiate a trade treaty

Japan• The Japanese realized they were

lacking in technology

• Japan signed a trade agreement with the U.S. the following year

Japan

• Japan began to Westernize their nation after U.S. forced trade

• Reshaped their history

• By 1890, Japan will become a powerful nation in Asia

Hawaii

• Became an important trade partner in the 1800s

Hawaii

• 1875—U.S. exempted Hawaii sugar from tariffs

• 1887—U.S. renewed treaty, along with right to build naval base at Pearl Harbor

Hawaii

• American influence in Hawaii grew

• Many Americans owned plantations on the islands

• Became a major exporter of sugarcane and pineapples

Hawaii

• Queen Liliuokalani took the throne in 1891 and tried to take back power that was lost to American plantation owners

Hawaii

• American plantation owners, led by Sanford B. Dole, with support from the marines overthrew the queen

Hawaii

• Sanford B. Dole will be the first president of Hawaii

Hawaii

• They asked to be annexed by the U.S.

• President Cleveland would not accept annexation, thought it was wrong

• Hawaii was annexed in 1898

Latin America

• In the 1800s, the U.S. wanted to increase its influence in Latin America

Latin America

• Latin Americans bought most of their goods from Europe

• U.S. wanted to be the dominant power in the region

Latin America

• Sec. of State James G. Blaine proposed idea of Pan-Americanism, which called for economic and political cooperation between the U.S. and Latin American countries

• L.A. nations rejected the idea

Latin America

• L.A. nations did agree to create the Organization of American States (OAS)

• OAS has worked to promote cooperation among the nations in L.A.

U.S. Navy

• Americans were willing to risk war to defend American interests overseas

• Led to support for a large modern navy

U.S. Navy• Alfred T. Mahan, Captain in the U.S. Navy, published The Influence of Seapower Upon History, 1660-1783

• Stated all strong nations had strong navies, U.S. needed new territories for naval bases

• Persuaded many gov’t officials to support increasing naval strength

U.S. Navy

• By 1900, the U.S. will have one of the largest navies in the world