Imperialism & Spanish-American War (Ch. 18.1/18.2)

•Imperialism-stronger nations extend their political, economic, or military control over weaker territories•Most Americans thought US should expand (manifest destiny)•Three factors that fueled the new American imperialism

•Desire for military strength•thirst for new markets•belief in cultural superiority

•Desire for military strength, to compete globally •Alfred T. Mahan-urged gov’t to expand naval power-became 3rd largest

•Thirst for New Markets•US produced more than needed•needed raw materials•foreign trade was the solution to end American problems

•Cultural superioritySocial Darwinism, Anglo-Saxon,Christianity beliefs pushed US expansion

•US buys Alaska from Russia-Seward’s Folly-Alaska becomes state in 1959•US annexed Hawaii with cry from sugar planters. Built Pearl Harbor.

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Spanish-American War

•Jose MartiJose Marti-an exile in US organized a revolt against Spanish in Cuba-independence•US had plantations and businesses in Cuba—Public opinion was split•Business men wanted US to support Spain-others wanted Cubans to gain their independence•Spain response-placed 300,000 Cubans in concentration camps•William Randolph Hearst & Joseph PulitzerWilliam Randolph Hearst & Joseph Pulitzer tried to influence readers of their newspapers•Yellow journalismYellow journalism-exaggerates news to lure & enrage readers-helped fan war fever•Hearst published a private letter-DeDe LomeLome LetterLetter

•criticized McKinley as weak & just wanting admiration of his people•U.S.S. MaineU.S.S. Maine-US ship stationed in Cuba harbor

•Bring home US citizens in danger &protect American property•February 15, 1898 ship exploded killing more than 260 Americans

•Headlines blame the Spanish for the explosion “Re“Remember the member the Maine”Maine”

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Spanish-American War

•April 20th US declares war- surprises Spain by not attacking Cuba 1st

•Philippines-Spanish colony-Filipinos wanted independence•America blockades Cuban ports---125,000 volunteered to fight•Troops land in Cuba June 1898-17,000 including 4 black regiments•Rough Riders-volunteer cavalry-Theodore Roosevelt becomes famous in this group

•most famous battle in Cuba San Juan Hill-claimed Roosevelt as a hero•US naval fleet destroys Spanish Fleet & take Puerto Rico•US & Spain signed an armistice on Aug. 12 ending the “SpSplendid little warlendid little war”•Treaty of Paris 1898Treaty of Paris 1898

•Spain freed Cuba•US acquired Guam & Puerto Rico •US bought Philippines for $20 million

•Treaty touched off debates in US•Should US annex Philippines-McKinley-yes, they needed to be educated/Christianized•Booker T. Washington-US should concentrate on race relations in US•Samuel Gompers feared Filipino immigrants would compete for American jobs

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Be a Be a Yellow JournalistYellow Journalist

Your job is to create a yellow journalist type of headline for the following three events:

• Spanish-American War (for involvement)Spanish-American War (for involvement)

• U.S.S. MaineU.S.S. Maine

• Imperialism of the Philippines (for and against)Imperialism of the Philippines (for and against)

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