Imperialism and America

Section 18-1pp. 548-551

Preview Questions What were the major factors that contributed to

the growth of American imperialism?

How did the United States acquire Alaska and Hawaii?

American Expansionism

Imperialism: Policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories

Why Imperialism? Desire for military strength Thirst for new markets Cultural superiority

American Expansionism

Military Strength Establish a global military presence Alfred T. Mahan: Urged creation of modern navy

American Expansionism

New Markets Industrialization created need for new markets

and raw materials

Cultural Superiority Social Darwinism Racial Superiority Duty to spread Christianity

US Acquires Alaska “Seward’s Folly”

Bought Alaska for $7.2m from Russia in 1867

US Takes Hawaii Annexation

US businesses want annexation to avoid sugar tariffs

Businessmen overthrow Hawaiian Queen Sanford Dole heads temporary gov’t Republic of Hawaii annexed in 1898

The Spanish-American WarSection 18-2pp. 552-557

Preview Questions How did Americans feel about the Cuban revolt

against Spain?

What events escalated the conflict between the US and Spain?

What were the consequences of the war for Spain and the US?

Cubans Rebel Against Spain

Americans invest heavily in Cuban sugarcane

Cuban War for Independence Led by Jose Marti US sugar mills attacked to provoke involvement American opinion split

War Fever Spain sent General Valeriano Weyler to Cuba

Sent 300,000 Cubans to concentration camps

Headline Wars Yellow Journalism: Reporting that exaggerates

news to make it exciting Deepens American sympathy for the war cause

War Fever DeLome Letter

McKinley tries diplomacy to avoid war

Letter from Spanish diplomat insults McKinley

Americans outraged

War Fever•U.S.S. Maine Explodes•Cause unknown, newspapers blame Spain •Americans call for war

War Erupts War in Philippines

George Dewey led U.S. attack on Spanish fleet at Manila

Filipinos support Dewey in hopes of independence

Spanish troops surrender in August 1898

War in the Caribbean U.S. navy blockaded Cuba U.S. relied heavily on ill-equipped volunteer

soldiers

War Erupts•Rough Riders

•Volunteer regiment led by T. Roosevelt •Clear path for victory at San Juan Hill •US Navy destroyed Spanish fleet•US invaded Puerto Rico July 25, 1898

War Erupts Treaty of Paris

Granted Cuba independence Puerto Rico and Guam given to U.S. U.S. paid Spain $20m for Philippines

War Erupts Debate Over the Treaty

Controversy over U.S. right to annex Philippines “Christianize” Filipinos? Violated Declaration of Independence?

U.S. approved annexation in 1899

Acquiring New LandsSection 18-3pp. 558-564

Post-War Events US took control of Puerto Rico in 1898

Foraker Act: Ended military rule, set up civil government

US occupied Cuba after war Platt Amendment:

Limited Cuba’s rights in dealing with other nations Gave U.S. right to intervene

Post-War Events Philippines

Emilio Aguinaldo leads protest against US

Rebellion 1899-1902 that led to self-rule

Foreign Influence in China

Open Door Policy Calls for China’s ports to remain open and

independent No nation gets special privileges

Boxer Rebellion Rebellion against Western presence in China Troops sent to supress rebellion

Impact of Imperialism McKinley’s election in 1900 showed US

supported imperialism

Anti-Imperialist League Cleveland, Carnegie, Twain, and Addams Wrong for U.S. to rule others without consent

America as a World PowerSection 18-4pp. 565-571

Preview Questions How did Theodore Roosevelt exercise American

power?

Why did President Wilson send troops into Mexico?

TR and the World TR negotiated

Treaty of Portsmouth Ended Russo-

Japanese War TR won Nobel Peace

Prize US prestige

increased

TR and the World U.S. sent warships to secure Panama’s

independence U.S. gained rights to build canal Damaged relationship with Latin America

Panama Canal is completed in 1914 Decreased travel time between Atlantic and

Pacific U.S. increased power and prestige

TR and the World Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine

Said U.S. would be willing to use military power to protect its economic interests in Latin America

Leads to “Dollar Diplomacy” U.S. will use military force to guarantee loans

made to foreign nations Leads to U.S. military intervention in Nicaragua

Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy

Wilson refused to recognize any oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile government

Conflict with Mexico Wilson refuses to recognize Huerta’s government Uses minor incident to occupy Veracruz Recognized Carranza government

Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy

Rebellion in Mexico Pancho Villa

Wanted war between Carranza and US

Killed 16 Americans in raid

U.S. General Pershing invaded Mexico and crushed Villa’s forces in 1916