Upload
commonsenselt
View
855
Download
5
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Impact of TOC on Thinking and Education_Vilnius_Sept 2012Copyright © 2012 by Jelena Fedurko
TOC Strategic SolutionsTOC Strategic Solutions
Impact of TOC on Thinking Impact of TOC on Thinking and Educationand Education
Jelena FedurkoJelena FedurkoVilnius, September 2012Vilnius, September 2012
Impact of TOC on Thinking and Education_Vilnius_Sept 2012Copyright © 2012 by Jelena Fedurko
Jelena FedurkoJelena has 13 years of TOC experience as a trainer and consultant providing support in TOC implementations in the areas of people management, production, supply chain, project management.
Jelena has worked in Japan, Poland, Turkey, Italy, Russia, Ukraine, India, China, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and other countries throughout the world.
Jelena is the author of the book Behind the Cloud – Enhancing logical thinking. The book presents new developments in the area of working with assumptions.
Together with Oded Cohen Jelena has co-authored the book TOC Fundamentals, recently published in Russian.
She has authored numerous articles on TOC concepts and implementation, and has contributed to and edited several TOC books.
www.toc-strategicsolutions.com
Impact of TOC on Thinking and Education_Vilnius_Sept 2012Copyright © 2012 by Jelena Fedurko
The Role of Education
1. Transfer knowledge
2. Build skills
Teaching is only the means to achieve that.
Impact of TOC on Thinking and Education_Vilnius_Sept 2012Copyright © 2012 by Jelena Fedurko
Major learning skills1. Comprehension
2. Evaluation
3. Application
4. Analysis
5. Synthesis
6. Deduction
7. Induction
8. Balanced thinking
9. Creative thinking
Impact of TOC on Thinking and Education_Vilnius_Sept 2012Copyright © 2012 by Jelena Fedurko
Major learning skills1. Comprehension – understanding the meaning, interpretation, ability to state
a problem in one’s own words (while knowledge is ability to recollect and reproduce data and information)
2. Evaluation – making judgments about the value of data/concepts
3. Application – using what has been learnt to real-life situations
4. Analysis – breaking down material/concepts into components to detect relationship among the parts or the parts and the whole (requires comparing and contrasting); distinguishing between facts and inferences; recognizing logical fallacies in reasoning
5. Synthesis – forming a whole through building up/connecting elements to create a larger and more coherent pattern
6. Deduction – moving from general principles to particular instances
7. Induction – moving from particular instances to generalized conclusions
8. Balanced thinking – examination of arguments for and against a particular data/material/concept
9. Creative thinking – ability to devise innovative solutions
Impact of TOC on Thinking and Education_Vilnius_Sept 2012Copyright © 2012 by Jelena Fedurko
What is unique about TOC? 1. Search for a logical reasoning
The use of Cause & Effect relationships to structure our thinking, record our analysis and understand the suggested solution for
any problem (based on Convergence)
2. Resolve conflicts
A strong belief that there should be no conceptual conflict within our reality – hence – striving to find a win-win solution to any
perceived “no solution situation” (Local & Global)
3. Seek for collaboration and contribution
The use of TOC logical tools logic to communicate to ourselves and thereafter to the team with the view of working together to
achieve the desired improvement (based on Respect)
Impact of TOC on Thinking and Education_Vilnius_Sept 2012Copyright © 2012 by Jelena Fedurko
TOC Tools for Building
Comprehension
Impact of TOC on Thinking and Education_Vilnius_Sept 2012Copyright © 2012 by Jelena Fedurko
TOC tools for building ComprehensionWhile Knowledge is ability to recollect and reproduce data and information,
Comprehension is ability to understand the meaning, interpret, and state a problem in one’s own words.
D
D’
The need that is satisfied by the
action in DThe common objective achieved by having
B and C
A
C
B
Action 1
Action 2
The TOC tool to assist with Comprehension – the CloudUnderstanding and verbalizing the situation in which a person or a system is caught between two mutually exclusive actions or modes of behaviour.
Conflict
The need that is satisfied by the
action in D’
In the Cloud we state what for we want to take an action, and what for we want to satisfy the need. With that we claim that if we do something – it will give us a certain effect.
Impact of TOC on Thinking and Education_Vilnius_Sept 2012Copyright © 2012 by Jelena Fedurko
Inner Dilemma Cloud
Inner dilemma – is when you are faced with two options and do not know which route to take.
In an inner dilemma:
B and C are both my needs to achieve the objective A
D’ is the action that I want to take.
D is the action that is forced on me by the system/situation.
The Objective
A
B
My need 1
My need 2
C
Means to achieve Need 1
Means to achieve Need 2
D
D’
Preferred action
Forced action
Impact of TOC on Thinking and Education_Vilnius_Sept 2012Copyright © 2012 by Jelena Fedurko
Be a good father
A
Fulfil the son’s long standing dream
B D
Buy a motor scooter for his
birthday
CEnsure
latest educational and informational
opportunities for the son
D’
Buy a computer for his birthday
A case when a father of a teenage son built a dilemma cloud on whether to give his son a computer or a motor scooter for his fourteenth birthday. The father was concerned with the whole situation, especially that the birthday was coming close.
Building Comprehension – presenting a situation as an Inner Dilemma Cloud
Impact of TOC on Thinking and Education_Vilnius_Sept 2012Copyright © 2012 by Jelena Fedurko
TOC tools for building ComprehensionComprehension is ability to understand the meaning, interpret, and state a problem in one’s own words.
D
D’The need that is satisfied by the
action in D’
The need that is satisfied by the action in DThe common
objective achieved by
having B and C
A
C
B
Action 1
Action 2
The major TOC tool to build Comprehension – the assumptions behind the arrows in the Cloud
Assumptions B-D
Assumptions C-D’
Assumptions D-D’
Impact of TOC on Thinking and Education_Vilnius_Sept 2012Copyright © 2012 by Jelena Fedurko
In reference to the Cloud,
assumptions are facts, observations, beliefs, expectations, convictions, presuppositions, experiences, interpretations, concepts, principles, data, general knowledge and other elements of thinking with which we support our reasoning behind a logical connection.
What are Assumptions?
Impact of TOC on Thinking and Education_Vilnius_Sept 2012Copyright © 2012 by Jelena Fedurko
D
Fulfil the son’s long standing dream
Be a good father
A
B
Buy a motor scooter for his
birthday
CEnsure
latest educational and informational
opportunities for the son
D’
Buy a computer for his birthday
B-D 1: The father has frequently told his son many stories about having a motor scooter as a teenager, and for the son to get the motor scooter will be a symbol of being accepted by the father as mature and grown-up.
C-D’ 1: Most of the information and communication goes through the internet.
Building Comprehension – working with Assumptions
Impact of TOC on Thinking and Education_Vilnius_Sept 2012Copyright © 2012 by Jelena Fedurko
Day-to-Day Conflict Cloud
Day-to-Day Conflicts are between you and someone else; they are not deep problems and they do not happen all the time.
In a day-to-day conflict between you and somebody else:
C is my need and D’ is the action I want to take.
B is the other side’s need and D is the other side’s desired action.
Common Objective
A
B
Need 1
Need 2
C
Means to achieve Need 1
Means to achieve Need 2
D
D’
Me
Other
Side
Impact of TOC on Thinking and Education_Vilnius_Sept 2012Copyright © 2012 by Jelena Fedurko
D
Fulfil the long standing dream
Feel good in the family
A
B
Receive a motor scooter
CEnsure latest
educational and informational
opportunities for the son
D’
Give a computer
The son’s side
The father’s side
Building Comprehension – presenting a situation as a Day-to-Day Conflict Cloud
Impact of TOC on Thinking and Education_Vilnius_Sept 2012Copyright © 2012 by Jelena Fedurko
TOC tools for building ComprehensionComprehension is ability to understand the meaning, interpret, and state a problem in one’s own words.
TOC tool to assist with Comprehension – the Negative Branch
Understanding and verbalizing possible negative outcomes of a decision/action.
Decision/action
Possible negative outcome
will happen
will happen
will happen
Exists/ will happen independently
Exists/ will happen independently
Exists/ will happen independently
Impact of TOC on Thinking and Education_Vilnius_Sept 2012Copyright © 2012 by Jelena Fedurko
TOC Tools for Building
•Evaluation
•Application
Impact of TOC on Thinking and Education_Vilnius_Sept 2012Copyright © 2012 by Jelena Fedurko
TOC tools for building EvaluationEvaluation – making judgments about the value of data/concepts. TOC tool to assist with Evaluation –
the protocol of checking the logic in the Cloud
A
B D
D’C
1. In order to [А]
2. I must [В]3.In order to [B] 4. I must [D]
5. In order to [А]
6. I must [C]
7. In order to [С] 8. I must [D’]9. [D] and [D’] are in conflict10. [D] jeopardizes achieving the need in [C]
11. [D’] jeopardizes the need in [B]
Check the logic: "In order to (tip of arrow)….. I must (tail of arrow)……"
Does the flow of the words make sense? If not, correct the wording accordingly.
Impact of TOC on Thinking and Education_Vilnius_Sept 2012Copyright © 2012 by Jelena Fedurko
TOC tools for building EvaluationEvaluation – making judgments about the value of data/concepts. TOC tool to assist with Evaluation –
challenging assumptions behind the arrows in the Cloud
The process aimed at challenging the validity of one or several assumption behind the causalities in the Cloud.
Finding and negating an erroneous assumption leads to developing a solution to a problem described in the Cloud.
Impact of TOC on Thinking and Education_Vilnius_Sept 2012Copyright © 2012 by Jelena Fedurko
TOC tools for building EvaluationEvaluation – making judgments about the value of data/concepts. TOC tool to assist with Evaluation –
Categories of Legitimate Reservations (CLR) The protocol of checking
logic in a cause-effect relationshipIn logical reasoning it is important to check each causality connection between two entities to ensure that it is clear and irrefutable.
The process of checking logic is called scrutinizing that has its own terminology and sequence. We check for:
1. Clarity
2. Entity Existence
3. Causality Existence
4. Cause Insufficiency
5. Additional Cause
6. “House on Fire”
7. Predicted Effect Existence
Impact of TOC on Thinking and Education_Vilnius_Sept 2012Copyright © 2012 by Jelena Fedurko
TOC tools for building Application
Application – using what has been learnt to real-life situations.
TOC tools to assist with Application – the Cloud, the Negative Branch, the Positive Branch, CRT, FRT
Presenting one’s own reality or projection of a future outcome
(negative or positive) through logical structures that present and justify causality.
Impact of TOC on Thinking and Education_Vilnius_Sept 2012Copyright © 2012 by Jelena Fedurko
TOC Tools for Building
•Analysis and Synthesis
•Deduction and Induction
•Balanced Thinking
•Creative Thinking
Impact of TOC on Thinking and Education_Vilnius_Sept 2012Copyright © 2012 by Jelena Fedurko
TOC tools for building Analysis and Synthesis
Analysis – breaking down material/concepts into components to detect relationship among the parts or the parts and the whole (requires comparing and contrasting); distinguishing between facts and inferences; recognizing logical fallacies in reasoning.
Synthesis – forming a whole through building up/connecting elements to create a larger and more coherent pattern.
A major TOC tool to assist with Analysis and Synthesis
– the U-Shape
Also, Categories of Legitimate Reservations play an important role in building skills for Analysis and Synthesis
Cu
rren
t R
eality
Fu
ture
Reality
Low Performance Measurements
Low Performance Measurements
TOC InjectionsTOC Injections
High Performance Measurements
High Performance Measurements
TOC direction of
solution
TOC direction of
solution
PIVOT
TOC
UDEUDE
UDEUDE
UDEUDE
UDEUDEUDEUDE
UDEUDE
DDDD DD’’
DD’’CCCCBBBB
AA AA
DEDE
DEDE
DEDE
DEDEDEDE
DEDE
NBRs
Impact of TOC on Thinking and Education_Vilnius_Sept 2012Copyright © 2012 by Jelena Fedurko
TOC tools for building Deduction and Induction
Deduction – moving from general principles to particular instances.
Major TOC tools to assist with Induction:
•Convergence
•Clouds Consolidation process
Induction – moving from particular instances to generalized conclusions.
A major TOC tool to assist with Deduction – the
protocol of establishing logic in causality branches
“if…, and if…, then…”
DDDD
DD’’
DD’’CCCC
BBBBAA AA
DDDD
DD’’
DD’’CCCC
BBBBAA AA
DDDD
DD’’
DD’’CCCC
BBBBAA AA
If and if
then
Impact of TOC on Thinking and Education_Vilnius_Sept 2012Copyright © 2012 by Jelena Fedurko
TOC tools for building Balanced thinking
Balanced thinking – examination of arguments for and against a particular data/material/concept.
Major TOC tools to assist with Balanced Thinking:
•Checking logic in the Cloud: “D is a necessary condition for B, but endangers C” and “D’ is a necessary condition for
C, but endangers B”
A
B D
C D’
• Negative Branch Looking for a possible
negative outcome of a decision/suggested
solution/planned (desired) action
Decision/ suggested solution/ planned (desired) action
Possible negative outcome
Impact of TOC on Thinking and Education_Vilnius_Sept 2012Copyright © 2012 by Jelena Fedurko
TOC tools for building Creative thinking
Creative thinking – ability to devise innovative solutions.
Major TOC tools to assist with Creating Thinking:
•Developing Injections to the Cloud
A
B
C
• Developing Supporting Injections to trim identified
Negative Branches
Injection
Injection
Possible negative outcome
+
+
+
Supporting Injection
Impact of TOC on Thinking and Education_Vilnius_Sept 2012Copyright © 2012 by Jelena Fedurko
1. Disagreement on what the problem is
2. Disagreement with the direction of solutions
3. Disagreement that the solution will bring the desired benefits
Yes, but…4. Fear that the solution will result in negative
consequences (Risks)5. Obstacles to implementation seem to be
impossible to overcome
6. Say “Yes” and do nothing
Addressing Resistance to Change with TOC Thinking Processes
Ap
pli
cati
on
of
the
TO
C
Th
inki
ng
Pro
cess
es