Ilmu Perilaku (New)

7/25/2019 Ilmu Perilaku (New)

1/59

PSIKOLOGI TUMBUH

KEMBANG

Oleh :

Prof.Dr.H.M.Joesoef Simbolon S!KJS!KJA"


2/59

Psi#olo$i T%mb%h Kemb&n$

T%mb%h : ber'&mb&hn(& )%ml&h sel

ber'&mb&h bes&rn(&

%#%r&n sel

Kemb&n$: ber'&mb&h m&'&n$n(&

f%n$si &!!&r&'%s men'&l

*!er&s&&n emosi #o$nisi

!eril% +sb,

M&n%si& : -isi# Men'&l

*P&ri!%rn&, *T%mb%h, *Kemb&n$,


3/59

Psi#olo$i T%mb%h Kemb&n$

&. Teori Per#emb&n$&n Psi#ose#s%&l

*Si$m%n+ -re%+,

b. Teori Per#emb&n$&n Psi#ososi&l*Eri# Eri#son,

/. Teori Per#emb&n$&n Psi#o#o$ni'if

*Je&n Pi&$e',


4/59

Teori Per#emb&n$&n Psi#ose#s%&l

*Si$m%n+ -re%+,

0 Men)el&s#&n !er#emb&n$&n se#s%&l m&n%si&

+&ri m%l&i se) l&hir s&m!&i +e1&s&

0 Ter+iri +&ri 2 f&se se'i&! f&se +iberi n&m&

ber+&s&r#&n 3ero$eni/ 4one5 !&+& f&se i'%

0 Ero$eni/ 4one 6 +&er&h (&n$ !&lin$ sensi'if

!&+& '%b%h &n Tin)&%&nn(& +&ri s%+%' Psi#o&n&lis&


5/59

Se#s%&li'& 'i+ h&n(& sem&'&0m&'&

'erb&'&s !&+& im!%ls +&n 'in+

!erb%&'&n (&n$ men)%r%s !&+& &l&'

$eni'&li& +&n #oh&bi'&si s&)& 'e'&!imeli!%'i !%l& &s!e# 3lo7e5 */in'&

#&sih s&(&n$ #esen&n$&n +&(&

'&ri#,Libi+o *ins'in# se#s%&l,


6/59

Se#s%&li'& ber#emb&n$ +&ri s%&'%

0 3%n+ifferen'i&'e+'o'&li'(5 #e!&+& (&n$

lebih men$&l&mi +iferensi&si 3$eni'&l

!ri7&/(5

0 3$eni'&l !rim&/(5 i&l&h bil& f%n$si

$en'i&li& men)&+i lebih +omin&n seb&$&i

s&'%0s&'%n(& &!&r&'%s b&$i !ele!&s e#si'&sise#s%&l se/&r& #lim&'i#


7/59

Pem&h&m&n #i'& &+&l&h :

0 Bil& $eni'&li& bel%m ber#emb&n$

'i+l&h ber&r'i b&h1& e#si'&si se#s%&l

i'% 'i+ &+&

0 Sehin$$& &n'i0'esis +&ri 3$eni'&l

!rim&/(5 &+& !erio+e 3!re$eni'&l5

0 Disini e#si'&si se#s%&l 'i+ +i'%)%#&n!&+& $eni'&li& mel&in#&n !&+& 4one

ero$eni#


8/59

Men$&!& S.-re%+ men$&n$$&! im!%ls +&n 'i7i'&s

sebel%m !%ber'&s seb&$&i ses%&'% (&n$ se#s%&l 8Oleh #&ren& :

0 Men%r%' &n&li'i# h&l ini mer%!&n +&s&r

!er#emb&n$&n se#s%&li'& or&n$ +e1&s&

+en$&n 7&ri&sin(& +i #em%+i&n h&ri0 A!&bil& &+& h&mb&'&n +&l&m !em%&s&n

se#sn(&s%bs'i'%sin(& fenomen& inf&n'il ini.

0 A#'i7i'& 3fore!l&(53fore!le&s%re5

0 P&+& $olon$&n !er7ersi se#s%&lis 'i7i'&sinf&n'il ini mene'&! seb&$&i s%&'% h&l (&n$ !erl%

%n'%# !em%&s&n (&n$ #lim&'i#


9/59

Se#s%&li'& !&+& &n berbe+&

+en$&n +e1&s&0 E#si'&si 'erbes&r 'i+ !erl% !&+& &l&'

$eni'&li&

0 Ti+ 'er'%)% !&+& 3h%b%n$&n #el&min5

*$eni'&li& +is/h&r$e+,3fore!l&(5

0 Bersif&' &%'oero'i# B&$i&n '%b%hn(&

seb&$&i ob)e#


10/59

-&se0-&se Per#emb&n$&n

Psi#ose#s%&l9. -&se Or&l * ; 9, '&h%n

&. E&rl( Or&l S'&$e *S%/#in$,

b. L&'e Or&l0s&+is'i/ S'&$e

*. -&se Ph&l%s *E&rl( Geni'&l S'&$e,

*@ ; , '&h%n

@. -&se L&'en * ; 9=, '&h%n

2. -&se Geni'&li& *-in&l Geni'&l S'&$e,


11/59

-&se Or&l * 0 9, '&h%n

0 M%l%' mer%!&n 3ero'i/ 4one5

0 Men$is&! mer%!&n !ern(&'&&n

!erm%l&&n +&ri n&l%ri se#s%&l

0 Sel&in mem%&s#&n r&s& l&!&r )%$&

mer%!&n #eni#m&'&n

0 Keni#m&'&n +i+&!&' '&n!& b&n( %s&h&

#e/en+er%n$&n +&s&r men+&!&'#&n

#e!%&s&n sebes&r0bes&rn(& +en$&n %s&h&

se#e/il0#e/iln(&


12/59

0 Se#&li m%l%' memb%#'i#&n +irin(& +&l&mmen(eles&i#&n s%&'% m&s&l&h /en+er%n$

&n men$%l&n$i l&$i

0 Th%mbs%/#in$ mer%!&n men+&!&'#&n

!le&s%re '&n!& ber'%)%&n %n'%# m&n

0 Peril% l&in (&n$ men%n)%##&n ero'isme

or&l &+&l&h !ero#o# !emin%m &+i#si +ll.


13/59

0 Konfli# !er'&m& &+&l&h h%b%n$&nn(&

+en$&n 3fee+in$ s/he+%le5

0 C'% '%mb%h $i$i 'imb%l si#&! 3&$resif5

+&n 3men(i'i5&mbi7&lensi

0


14/59

-&se An&l *9 0 >, '&h%n

0 Keni#m&'&n mer%!&n 3&n&l!le&s%re5

0 Keni#m&'&n !&+& !er&s&&n le$&

'erh&+&! s%&'% #e'e$&n$&n*'ension, +en$&n +i#el%&r#&nn(&

feses

0 Dis&m!in$ i'% !&+& s&&' 'in$$in(&s'im%l&si m%#os& re#'&l +en$&n

men&h&n feses


15/59

0 Disini )%$& 'imb%l &mbi7&lensifeses

mer%!&n 3lo7e ob)e/'5 mem!%n(&i 3e$o7&l%e5 !&+& s&&' (&n$ s&m& h&r%s +ib%&n$

*#o'or,

0 Di+&l&m 3'oile' 'r&inin$5 &n +il&'ih %n'%#

3m&s'er( of s!hin/h'ers5

0 -i#s&si !&+& ero'isme &n&l mis:

#o!ro!h&$i& bise#s%&li'& obsesi #om!%lsi

#es&(&n$&n berlebih 'erh&+&! ben+e#i#ir&n !emboros&n #esen&n$&n 3'o

!l&( +ir'( 'ri/#s on somebo+(5 so+omi


16/59

-&se Ph&l%s *> 0 2, '&h%n

0 A+&n(& !erbe+&&n #el&min &n'&r&

+irin(& +en$&n &n l&in men)&+i

!erh&'i&nn(&0 An bel%m men$er'i !erbe+&&n

#el&min li0li +&n !erem!%&n

0 &n$ i& lih&' &+&l&h seol&h0ol&h&+& 3l%#&5 be#&s 3ses%&'% (&n$

'er!o'on$5


17/59

0 P&+& &n li0li 'imb%l 3


18/59

0 O+i!%s #om!le#s !osi'if : % men/in'&i ib%

+&n memben/i &(&h

0 O+i!%s #om!le#s ne$&'if #&l&% /in'& #e!&+&

&(&h lebih #%&' +&n memben/i ib%


19/59

0 P&+& &n !erem!%&n 3Ele/'r& /om!le?5

men+e#&' #e!&+& &(&h men)&%h +&ri ib%0 P&+& #e&+&&n ib% +omin&n +&n &$resif

se+&n$ &(&h bersi#&! lem&h m& &n

li0li mere!resi #ein$in&nn(& %n'%#+e#&' +en$&n ib%n(&

0 I& men$$&n'i#&n ib%n(& bersi#&!

men/in'&i se/&r& !&sif !&+& &(&hn(&

homose#s &'&% im!o'en


20/59

0 An !erem!%&n (&n$ mem!%n(&i &(&h

(&n$ +omin&n +&n &$resif se+&n$ ib% lem&hm& &n !erem!%&nfri$i+ 'i+ &+&

$&ir&h h%b%n$&n he'erose#s%&l #&ren&

men$&n$$&! sem%& li0li +omin&n +&n&$resif

0 -&se An&l -&se An&l +&n -&se Ph&l%s

mer%!&n Se#s%&l Inf&n'il *Pre$eni'&l,


21/59

-&se L&'en * 0 9=, '&h%n

0 "&n$s&n$&n se#s%&l +ire!resi &'&%men$&l&mi s%blim&si

0 A#'i7i'&s berm&in +en$&n 'em&n

seb&(& +&n se)enis0 Men/&ri h%b%n$&n +en$&n or&n$

+e1&s& l&in +il%&r r%m&h

0 S%!er E$o +en$&n E$o i+e&lber#emb&n$ /e!&'


22/59

0 Lebih b&n( !erh&'i&n %n'%# ber!i#ir +&nmen$&'&si !erso&l&n se/&r& re&lis'is

0 Per#emb&n$&n #o$ni'if lebih m&'&n$

sehin$$& lebih b&i# +&l&m men(es%&i#&n+iri +en$&n lin$#%n$&n

0 An s%+&h +&!&' berm&in men%r%' &'%r&n

+en$&n 'em&n seb&(& (&n$ se)enis +emi#i&n

)%$& +en$&n l&1&n )enis


23/59

0 H&l ini mem!er#%&' i+en'ifi#&sin(& ses%&i

+en$&n )enis #el&minn(& +&nmem!ersi&!#&n #el %n'%# mel%#&n

h%b%n$&n he'erose#s%&l !&+& s&&'

+e1&s&0 Ji#& &n li0li sel&l% berm&in +en$&n

&n !erem!%&nhomose?%&l

0 An !erem!%&n lebih sen&n$ berm&in

+en$&n &n li0li3'ombo(5 &!&l&$i

#&l&% r&s& 3!enis en7(5n(& #%&'


24/59

-&se Geni'&l 9= '&h%n

0 T&n+&0'&n+& se#s se#%n+er '&m!

mis: 0 '%mb%h #%mis r&mb%' !&+&

!%bis s%&r& ber%b&h

no/'%rn&l emissions!&+&&n li0li

0 '%mb%h b%&h +&+& r&mb%'

#e'i +&n !%bis ser'& m%l&i+&'&n$ h&i+!&+& &n

!erem!%&n


25/59

0 "&n$s&n$&n se#s%&l 'imb%l l&$i

P&+& li0li +&er&h ero'i# &+&l&h !enis

P&+& &n !erem!%&n m%l&0m%l& /li'oris

ses%+&h h%b%n$&n se#s%&l &+&l&h 7&$in&

0 Ter)&+i !er%b&h&n 'in$#&h l% se#s%&l +&n

'in$#&h l% sosi&l


26/59

TEO"I PE"KEMBANGAN PSIKOSOSIAL

*Eri# Eri#son,

0 Lin$#%n$&n #ehi+%!&n m&n%si&ber#emb&n$ bers&m&0s&m& ins'i'%si

sosi&ln(&

0 Ke&+&&n !si#olo$i# &'&% !&'olo$i#'er$&n'%n$ !&+& #onfli# +&l&m !rib&+i

+&n h%b%n$&n in+i7i+% +en$&n

m&s(&r&'0 Keseimb&n$&n in'ersi !osi'if +&n

ne$&'if menen'%#&n +er&)&' #eseh&'&n

)i1& +&n !en(es%&i&n +iri


27/59

0 Ti'i# #ri'is !er#emb&n$&n mer%!&n 'i'i#

b&li# +&l&m !ol& in'ersi sosi&l

0 D&l&m se'i&! f&se in+i7i+% +i'%n'%'men/&!&i #eb&)i#&n +&s&r

0 A+& f&se !er#emb&n$&n '&!i h&n(& 2 f&se

!er'&m& (&n$ +ibi/&r&n


28/59

-&se0-&se 'erseb%' &+&l&h

&. -&se B&si/ Tr%s' 7s Mis'r%s'

b. -&se A%'onom( 7s Sh&me &n+ Do%b'

/. -&se Ini'i&'i7e 7s G%il'

+. -&se In+%s'r( 7s Inferiori'(

e. -&se I+en'i'( 7s "ole Diff%sion


29/59

-&se B&si/ Tr%s' 7s Mis'r%s'

*9 0 99F= '&h%n,

0 Kehi+%!&n +&l&m #&n+%n$&ns%r$&1i

0 A1&l ber$&n'%n$ !&+& lin$#%n$&n

0 An h&r%s +ilin+%n$i %n'%#mem!eroleh 3r&s& &m&n5 &'&% 3r&s&

!er/&(& +iri5

0 Pen'in$ #&ren& men)&+i +&s&rh%b%n$&nn(& +en$&n lin$#%n$&n

+i#em%+i&n h&ri


30/59

0 H%b%n$&n +en$&n lin$#%n$&n +il%#&n

mel&l%i 3m%l%'5

0 M%l%' sel&in (&n$ seben&rn(& )%$& !&n/&

in+er&

0 Se$&l& h&l (&n$ men$$&n$$% !roses

men(%s%i +&l&m h%b%n$&n ib% 0 &nmen(eb&b#&n 'er$&n$$%n(& !emben'%#&n

r&s& &m&n +&n !er/&(&

0 Ter$&n$$%n(&menol m&)% mele#&''erl&l% /e!&' *!re/o?,


31/59


32/59

-&se A%'onom( 7s Sh&me &n+ Do%b'

0 Proses !em&'&n$&n fisi# $er&n lebih'er#or+inir +&n ber'%)%&n

0 Ger&n b&+&n +&!&' +i&'%r

0 Berb%&' ses%&'% ses%&i +en$&n#em&%&nn(&

0 Men$&l&mi #e!%&s&n +&l&m $er

0 A#&n 'er'&n&m r&s& o'onomi +iri.Mer%!&n r&s& +&s&r &n

#em&m!%&n men$&'%r b&+&nn(& +&n

lin$#%n$&n sen+iri


33/59

0 I& +&!&' 3menol &'&% 3memberi50 I& in$in mel%#&n se$&l&n(& sen+iri

0 B&n( or&n$ '%& 'i+ memberi#&n

#esem!&'&n #e!&+& &n %n'%# men/ob&+&n l&n$s%n$ men$&mbil &lih#onfli#

0 Pen(im!&n$&n (&n$ +&!&' 'er)&+i : 'em!er

'&n'r%ms s&+is'i# menen'&n$ #er&s #e!&l&+ll


34/59

-&se Ini'i&'i7e 7s G%il' *> 0 , '&h%n

0 Bel&)&r men$en+&li#&n +iri

mem&ni!%l&si lin$#%n$&n

0 Kem&m!%&n b&h&s& semin menon)ol

+emi#i&n )%$& #em&m!%&n %n'%#

mel%#&n $er&n (&n$ ber'%)%&n

0 Bersif&' in$in '&h% b&n( !er'&n(&&n

b&n( menir% 'i7i'&s se#i'&r

0 "&s& berinisi&'if m%l&i men$%&s&i


35/59

0 Lin$#%n$&n m%l&i men%n'%' s%!&(& &n

m&m!% mels&n&n '%$&s0'%$&s 'er'en'%

mis : %n'%# #ebersih&n b&+&n sen+iri

memberes#&n m&in&nn(& m%l&i

+i'%n'%' %n'%# 'i7i'&s bers&m&

0 Serin$ 'erlih&' &n&n ber!in+&h0!in+&h'%$&s (&n$ +iberi#&n !&+&n(&. Mel%#&n

(&n$ l&in

0 Konfli# 'er)&+i #&ren& lin$#%n$&n 'erl&l%men%n'%' lebih +&ri &!& (&n$ bis& i& l%#&n

0 P&+& f&se ini 'o#oh &(&h m%l&i ber!er&n

!en'in$


36/59

0 A(&h 0 ib% men)&+i omni!o'en

0 H%b%n$&n +en$&n s&%+&r& &'&% 'em&n

+i1&rn&i oleh !ers&in$&n %n'%# men&n$

sen+iri

0 Ker)&s&m& +isini bel%m mer%!&n#er)&s&m& (&n$ seben&rn(&Fsh&rin$

0 G&n$$%&n +&l&m f&se ini :

Kes%li'&n bel&)&r m&s&l&h se#ol&h &n(&n$ !&sif '%' +&n #%r&n$ inisi&'if


37/59

-&se In+%s'r( 7s Inferiori'( * 0 9=, '&h%n

0 "%&n$ lin$#%! +&n !en$&l&m&n ber'&mb&hl%&s

0 &n$ !&lin$ !rinsi! &+&l&h &!&h &n

m&m!% %n'%# men(eles&i#&n '%$&s (&n$+ih&+&!i +&n #em&m!%&n %n'%#

men$h&sil#&n ses%&'%

0 Bers&m&&n +en$&n 'erseles&i#&nn(&h%b%n$&n se$i'i$& or&n$ '%& &nm&

&n si&! menin$$&l#&n or&n$ '%& %n'%#

1'% 'erb&'&s


38/59

0 A#'i7i'&s men/ermin#&n sif&' #om!e'i'if

b%#&n e$ois'i# +&l&m &r'i seben&rn(&

0 D&l&m 'i7i'&sn(& !erl% &+& h%b%n$&n

+en$&n or&n$ l&in (&n$ +i$%n&nn(& %n'%#

men$%#%r #em&m!%&nn(& mer&s&n

#e$%n&&n +irin(& mer&s&n !ers&m&&n+&n !erbe+&&n +irin(& +en$&n 'em&n0

'em&nn(&

0 S&lin$ memberi +&n menerim& se'i& #&1&nmeme$&n$ &'%r&n (&n$ berl% se/&r& #e'&'

0 Or&n$ '%& b%#&n s&'%0s&'%n(& s%mber

i+en'ifi#&si &n m%l&i men$&$%mi or&n$ l&in


39/59

0 An /en+er%n$ i+en'ifi#&si 'erh&+&! or&n$

(&n$ ber#es&n b&$in(& &'&% (&n$ +i#&$%mi0 Per&n $%r% )&+i sen'r&l

0 Ke'er$&n'%n$&n &n ber!in+&h +&ri or&n$ '%&

#e!&+& ins'i'%si sosi&l +i l%&r r%m&h0 G&n$$%&n +&l&m f&se ini : &n +ili!%'i

!er&s&&n #e#%r&n$&n +iri 'i+ m&m!% r&s&

inferior '%' men$h&+&!i #om!e'isi s%li'

ber'em&n '%' +&n !&sif +il%&r r%m&h 'e'&!i

mer&)&lel& +ir%m&h


40/59

-&se I+en'i'( 7s "ole Diff%sion *9=09, '&h%n

0 M&s& sebel%m mem&s%#i m&s& +e1&s&

0 Men$&l&mi !er%b&h&n fisi# +&n #e)i1&&n

0 Kem&n'&!&n +&n #e!er/&(&&n 'erh&+&!

b&+&nn(& m&%!%n #em&m!%&nn(& (&n$

'el&h +i/&!&in(& sebel%m ini !&+& f&se ini

se&n0&n men$&l&mi $on/&n$&n +&n

$e)ol men%n'%' %n'%# +i'in)&% #emb&li


41/59

0 Se/&r& biolo$i#Kem&m!%&n or&n$

+e1&s& se/&r& !si#ososi&lbel%m berh

0 3Si&!& % ini5 3&!& % ini5 3&!& )&+in(&

% n&n'i5

0 Problem& i+en'i'&s +iriS'&n+&r+is&si +iri+&l&m %s&h& men/&ri i+en'i'&s +iri +&l&m

bi+&n$ se#s%&l %m%r +&n o#%!&sion&l

0 M&s& mor&'ori%mm&s& !en%n+&&n'&n$$%n$ )&1&b


42/59

Se/&r& $&ris bes&r (&n$ h&r%s +ih&+&!i +&n

+iol&h oleh rem&)& !&+& f&se ini %n'%#

hirn(& s&m!&i !&+& 1'% i+en'i'&s +iri(&n$ !osi'if berh%b%n$&n +en$&n :&. men$%&s&i !ers!e#'if 1'%

b. mem!eroleh s%&'% #e!&s'i&n +iri/. e#s!erimen'&si +en$&n !er&n&n

men/e$&h 'erben'%#n(& i+en'i'&s ne$&'if

+. men$emb&n$#&n +&n mem&n'&!#&nh&r&!&n %n'%# ber!res'&si men$hin+&ri

#el%m!%h&n be#er)&

e. mem!eroleh i+en'i'&s se#s%&l


43/59

E!i$ene'i/


44/59


45/59

Teori Per#emb&n$&n Psi#o#o$ni'if

*Je&n Pi&$e',

0 Kem&m!%&n #o$ni'if : #em&m!%&n

m&n%si& %n'%# menerim& men$%b&h +&n

men$$%n&n berb&$&i inform&simen$en&i +%ni& se#i'&rn(&

0 Kem&m!%&n #o$ni'if : #em&m!%&n

ber!i#ir (&n$ mer%!&n +&s&r +&riin'elli$ensi m&n%si&

Pi&$e' men$$&mb&r#&n !er#emb&n$&n


46/59

Pi&$e' men$$&mb&r#&n !er#emb&n$&n

seb&$&i beri#%' :

"efle#s0refle#s +&s&r

Ger$er o'om&'i# ser'&

Pemb&1&&n 'er'en'%

Mel&l%i Proses

ASSIMILASI

AKOMODASI

O"GANISASI

+&ri sem%& &s%!&n b&r%(&n$ +i'erim& +&ri lin$#%n$&n

&n ber#emb&n$ men)&+i

#em&m!%&n #o$ni'if +i#em%+i&n h&ri


47/59

Assimil&si : !roses men/i/i!i s'im%l%s0s'im%l%s b&r%

(&n$ s%+&h +imili#i #o$ni'if sebel%mn(&

Mis: mobil -i&' *!ol&n(&, T&h% mobil To(o'&+ises%&i#&n

K&l&% /o/o#)&+i 3b&l&n/e5 K&l&% 'i+ /o/o#

&n mer%b&h f%n$si #o$ni'if+iseb%' omo+&si

&ssimil&si +&n omo+&si berh%b%n$&n or$&nis&si :

memb%&' #oheren (&n$ '&+in(& 'i+ #oheren.

Mis : mobil : 0 rem

0 $i$i0 $&s

h&r%s #oheren s%!&(& bis& )&l&n


48/59

-&se0-&se Per#emb&n$&n

&. -&se sensorimo'or *099F=&'&% =, '&h%n

b. -&se Preo!er&'ion&l *=0 &'&% , '&h%n

/. -&se O!er&'ion&l /on/re'e *099 &'&% 9=,'&h%n

+. -&se -orm&l o!er&'ion&l *9=092 &'&% 9,

'&h%n0 Pi&$e' memberi n&m& ber+&s&r#&n mo+%s

o!er&n+i (&n$ +omin&n


49/59

S%!&(& !er#emb&n$&n +&!&' ber)&l&n l&n/&r

m& +i!erl%#&n :

&. Ke%'%h&n s'r%#'%r '%b%h +&n or$&n0

or$&nn(& *o' !&n/&in+er& mo'ori#

+sb, ser'& f'or #ons'i'%si

b. S'im%l&si r&n$s&n$&n b&r% (&n$

ber#esin&mb%n$&n +&ri lin$#%n$&n

/. Per&n 'if in+i7i+% %n'%# men$ol&h

&s%!&n (&n$ +i'erim&n(& +&ri lin$#%n$&n

i'%


50/59

Men%r%' Pi&$e' /&r& ber!i#ir (&n$ mer%!&n

!e'%n)%# &+&n(& #em&m!%&n #o$ni'if (&n$

seben&rn(& &+&l&h /&r& ber!i#ir (&n$

memili#i sif&'0sif&' o!er&sion&l (&n$ +i'&n+&i

oleh :&.


51/59

-&se sensorimo'or *099F=&'&% =, '&h%n

0 "efle#s +&s&r0 Ger o'om&'i#

0 Pemb&1&&n0!emb&1&&n 'er'en'%

T%$&s !er#emb&n$&n :&. Men$#or+in&si +&n men$in'e$r&si#&n berb&$&i

+&'& sensori# +&n !en$&l&m&n mo'ori#

b. Men$en&l &+&n(& +%ni& ob)e# +il%&r +irin(&

/. Mel%#&n $er&n0$er&n (&n$ 'er&r&h +&n

ber'%)%&n

S#em&'& mer%!&n %ni' +&s&r s%&'% 'in+&n

!erb%&'&n


52/59

-&se Pr&o!er&sion&l *=0, '&h%n

0 An +&!&' mem&ni!%l&si#&n simbol (&n$mere!resen'&si lin$#%n$&n

0 Sif&'0sif&' !r&o!er&sion&l :&. Ti+ re7ersibel

b. Mem%s&' !&+& s&'% +e'&il

/. Tr&ns+%#'if

+. E$osen'ris


53/59

-&se O!er&sion&l Kon#ri' *099, '&h%n

0


54/59

0 M&m!% men$#l&ssifi#&siFmen$elom!o##&n

ob)e# berb&$&i ob)e# &'&s +&s&r sif&'0sif&'

'er'en'% melih&' 3b&$i&n5 +&l&m

h%b%n$&n +en$&n 3#esel%r%h&n5. Sif&'

#l&ssifi#&si se+erh&n&

se!er'i :

ben+&0ben+&

bes&r #e/il

ber&' rin$&n


55/59

0 Se#&r&n$ men)&+i lebih b&i#

ben+&0ben+&

bes&r #e/il

ber&' rin$&n ber&' rin$&n


56/59

Keleren$ #&(%

hi'&m !%'ih

B&h1& hi'&m +&n !%'ih #e+%&n(& &+&l&h #&(%


57/59

0 Sif&'0sif&' !emi#ir&n o!er&sion&l m%l&i

+i#%&s&i

0 Pemi#ir&n )&+i re7ersibel

0 Desen'r&si

0 In+%#'if +&n De+%#'if 'i+ 'r&ns+%#'if

0 E$osen'risme ber#%r&n$


58/59

0 Sif&'0sif&' !emi#ir&no!er&sion&l

0 Pi&$e'#em&m!%&n ber!i#ir seb&$&i#em&m!%&n #o$ni'if (&n$ seben&rn(&

0 T&mb&h&n #&'& 3#on#ri'5 %n'%#

membe+&n +en$&n f&se beri#%'n(&

#&ren& bel%m +&!&' bero!er&si &'&s +&s&r

3#em%n$#in&n0#em%n$#in&n5 *!er#ir&&n0

!er#ir&&n +&n hi!o'es&, An bel%m

m&m!% ber!i#ir se/&r& &bs'r


59/59

-&se O!er&sion&l -orm&l *9909, '&h%n

0 T&r&f #em&m!%&n ber!i#ir or&n$ +e1&s&

0 Sif&'0sif&' o!er&sion&l

0 M&m!% men$e#s!lor&si +&n

men(eles&i#&n !erso&l&n &'&s +&s&r

#em%n$#in&n0#em%n$#in&n

0 D&s&r %n'%# ber!i#ir se/&r& hi!o'e'i#0

+e+%#'if

0 Pi&$e' men$&n$$&! #em&m!%&n #o$ni'if

ini (&n$ !&lin$ 'in$$i n&m%n 'i+ sel&l%

bis& 'er/&!&i oleh se'i&! in+i7i+%

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