Upload
transformeurope
View
225
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/22/2019 How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere. Discourse and Decision-Making in the Europea
1/28
H E P T Iof the Public Sphere
Discourse and Decision-Making in the European Social Forum
Process
Nicole Doerr
No. 8 | September 2009
Working Paper
8/22/2019 How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere. Discourse and Decision-Making in the Europea
2/28
2 | KFGWorking Paper No. 8 | September 2009
KFG Working Paper Series
Edited by the Kolleg-Forschergruppe T Tv P E
The KFG Working Paper Series serves to disseminate the research results of the Kolleg-Forschergruppe by making them
v d . I d x d d x
d x d E d E U.
A KFG W P v KFG .. dd v
Copyright for this issue: Nicole Doerr
Ed d d: F A/L S
D, N 2009: H E P T I P S. D d D-M
E S F P, KFG W P S, N. 8, S 2009, K-F (KFG) T
Tv P E, F Uvy B.
ISSN 1868-6834 (P)
ISSN 1868-7601 (I)
T dd y G R Fd (DFG).
F Uv B
Kolleg-Forschergruppe
T Tv P E:
T E U d D Id
I. 26
14195 B
Germany
P: +49 (0)30- 838 57033
Fx: +49 (0)30- 838 [email protected]
..
8/22/2019 How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere. Discourse and Decision-Making in the Europea
3/28
How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere | 3
How European Protest Transforms Institutions of
the Public Sphere
Discourse and Decision-Making in the European Social Forum
Process
Nicole Doerr
F Uv B
Abstract
A d d d d EU , dy x
z d E v v x
dv dv dy v. I dd
E S F (ESF) , y dy d y v
y d v z. I xd d d d-
- E A dd v v x y 2002
z ESF, d d j, , ,
, , d. C v d d d
qy E A v Gy,
Iy d UK, I vd : E A d dv
vy, d d y d- d d d
. I I d , d
Ez , , v v y
d. I E Ez
dvd d v x y dy
v, v v dz E .
T Ar
Nicole Doerr -d R C T Tv P
E F Uv B, d
v y E U. S d PD E
Uvy I F. C: N.d@.
8/22/2019 How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere. Discourse and Decision-Making in the Europea
4/28
4 | KFGWorking Paper No. 8 | September 2009
Contents
1. Id 5
2. D N E Lvel:
More Inclusive, Dialogical and Transp? 8
3. Why European Encounters may Change Individual
Dc Norms 11
4. S d S I T
E S Dy 15
4.1 Structural Uncertainty and the News Benets in a
Transnaonal Public Space 15
4.2 The Consequences of New Norms and Actors Emerging
at the European Level 19
5. C 22
L 24
8/22/2019 How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere. Discourse and Decision-Making in the Europea
5/28
How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere | 5
1. I1
T d q (d P/C 2007; F
2007), d dv dy x E v,
y d y v y E . R
E d d () E xy
v y d E U (EU). V
dy d dy y d d , d
y d dy, v d d d E
(Gd 1993; G 1995; K 1996; O 1998). R d
EU d dy d
z d (v d S 2002, 2006; K 2004, 2008; Nz
2006; R ). Hv, v d
Ez y v z. I d
x x d E , y
transnaonal linguisc capital(Gd ) y d vy d d
dv yd (F 2007). W -
v E . Rd , v
v dy
ESF : Tdy, z E, L A, d A d d d
d- d y ( .. D 2008).
Hv, d , z d , d d d (Bdy 2004; Ad/D 2007; Kvd 2007).
T , d European social forum
process dd v dv, dv d v
E d EU movement for global jusce (d P 2005).2 Ov v y
, v, d y d ESF v ddd
q E y d , d zd d
d d - ESF (d P . 2002, 2006). T ESF
d Wd S F (WSF), d d, E
S F, zd y preparatory meengs.
T vy y d -zd S F.
Ad x y E (y) A z ESF
dd v dd v . I E A, v
dd ESF, d
E, v EU y- j , ,
1 T d d y d. I d KFG
x , I J Dz Md, J Gd d T R d.
2 T G j v dd d D d P (2007: 6)
z ( vy d y d v d ) d d
v v d, d dv j (,
, , d v) d .
8/22/2019 How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere. Discourse and Decision-Making in the Europea
6/28
6 | KFGWorking Paper No. 8 | September 2009
, d, d, d . N E A mullingually
y zd ESF y d
.
Av dy x d q d d dy E y: T x d d d d-
d jy
? B d d d
d dv dy j E , I v dd
x democrac discussion in the sense ofdeliberave debate might or might not take place
d E-d y ESF . C
v d d v (
.. Ny/J 1997; R 2000; Ny 2003; M . 2004; Nz/S 2004; S .
2004; E 2005; Nz 2006), d dy v d y d
d EU. T v, v
v (d P 2005) d vy
dv zd y E C ( .. Wd/W 2006; Ad/K-
K 2009; Bzz 2009; G/Cv 2009).
Gdd y y v E
, y y d x d -
v , D d P dd d d
y v v d v (d P
2005: 340). H d v y z d
d d d , d x
inclusive dy v. W v
d dv E v, y v v v-d
, , d d yd d d
d .
W xy d E v, v
dv d v d z d
d y , , d dv d dvd
(. d P 2005: 341). I v d, d d
arena that provides all aected z d dz, d v
vy v , contentandprocedure d z d
v, x, y , d v (Y 1996, 2000; F 2007). W
d x dv E A
d, d y y d dvy d d dvd
d j ESF , d/ dv d
ESF . F , y y d
vy d qy dv ( d P 2005: 340; Y 1996;
P 2002), xzd y. A xy d
8/22/2019 How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere. Discourse and Decision-Making in the Europea
7/28
How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere | 7
of asymmetric foreign language skills (Gd ), y
analysis regards those exclusionaryd d y
limits ofdeliberave d y d d d
x , y vd d x v (F 1992;
Wd 1996, 2000; Y 1996).
Comparison
I d v-d E A y
Gy, Iy d UK. T v d d
y (UK) d (Gy) d
v, NGO, d , I xd d d
d vy d - x .3
I yd d y v d y
d y . Sd, I yzd v d
d dy , y y d d (y
) dy d xd . I dd v
(N=80) d vy (N=130).4 I d d vy d -d
v I d v E d y , d (1)
how transparent5 y vd E d y ; (2)
E d ; (3)
y vd v; d (4) qy
d E d . Gv
dv - ( Wd 2000), y v xd
v d v .
I d v E A , d
: jy v I vd d d y q
agreed that the European Assemblies were a more inclusive, transparent and dialogical public space than
y zd v . I 1, I
d. I 2 I d E A, d
v, d d dd dy. Ev , y d
v d x. I 4, I d , d
3 I d I S F vy v y d d -
d vvd (Ad . 2002). T d, G (. R . 2007)
d v v d d B , d
dd v - v d UK ( R/Sd 2005; .
D 2009).
4 I d d v dd y d dvd,
, d z d v, , d, -
y, , d .
5 Ty y d v d ( .. J/K 2005).
8/22/2019 How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere. Discourse and Decision-Making in the Europea
8/28
8 | KFGWorking Paper No. 8 | September 2009
d x d y dy
E .
2. D N E Lv: M Iv, D
Transparent?
T v d y E d y
the ESF concerns the pracce dy d v. P y v
d q dd E d y d dv
d dv d d E
A d y v. T d
vy
d d, d v -v d y,d, d-, d qy d.6 Av dvd
v-d P A C P.
B I d y d d, v y v I dd
v xd dv dy . I vd
v d d z vvd ESF ,
d d E A dd
d z ( .. Wv/V L ). I d
as movement elites d y z A, d
y v d d d vd .(Wv/V L
). I d y y v
v d vy more dicules E A:
v vvd
v z, d () v , -
W E d d ( .. B/Hd 2004; B 2006; D 2007, 2009).
H dd dy E y y,
d y v?
Grassroots Acvists in the European Assemblies: Samira and Paul
T S d P. S d P vvd
v, y vd v ESF d E A
y vd. P vy d, vvd v d j
d Ld S F. S d y j
F M, Gy.
6 T d qy dd d D 2007.
8/22/2019 How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere. Discourse and Decision-Making in the Europea
9/28
How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere | 9
S x qy dd y v
vvd W E . C E
A y d (Gy), d
vd y xy . T v d
d d d
, d y d d
y y - d
E A: d d d
A . S dd dy
forum assemblies comparing them to the European Assemblies and the ESFs:
It is always the same. We are treated as if we were air. They talk about us but not with us, even if
we are there and sit in the same room as them. There is just no reacon concerning quesons which
we migrants consider to be important. In Florence [i.e. European Social Forum in Florence], this wasdierent. Also at the European assembly in Berlin there was a dierent atmosphere.7
S vy : Av x d
x v - dv d x d
. I y v S
qd v v d v
naonal; d d European Assemblies of the
ESF. S v d : F, d v, dv
d dv dy z d S F
d E A d
v. Sd, v S q
v E v. A dd, vd
d dy E v d x d v
v. N x d d
vd d d y d v
v . Iv zd d d v
() E A, d
d d. A x, S, dd E F, d
d d d v E A d v, .8 I v dd jy
I vd, S, d E A y zd
d v d y - z
d d (dy y dd)
(D 2007, 2009).
T E v d v -
d v d d . I
7 Iv dd F, S 2003.
8 Iv dd F, Fy 2004; E, Jy 2005, d A, My 2006.
8/22/2019 How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere. Discourse and Decision-Making in the Europea
10/28
10 | KFGWorking Paper No. 8 | September 2009
y P vd E A y y
zd . P E A d d
d
vd d d v, B . A d
Ld ESF (. Ry 2006; D 2009), E A d
vd P d B v yd
dy P dd UK:
The problem in the UK is that there are two dierent conceptualizaons of democracy and
parcipaon. In the naonal preparatory assemblies there is for instance the unionist who says that
he represents [] a big union but does he also have the right to talk for all members? [] Then
there are the individuals from autonomous groups who have a quite dierent conceptualizaon of
parcipaon, of deliberave democracy, where all can talk and decisions are made in a deliberave
way. But you cannot deliberate with elected delegates or representaves of a union. They are notprepared for a compromise or a consensus. The European Assemblies are a bit beer, they are more
pluralist.9
Ad P, E A d y
UK ( I ). T ,
P d S, I , v qy d
v v v vvd d/
z d d d .
A second group of interviewees, situated in Western European countries, who agreed on the points raised
y S d P, v d j v
qy vvd d - v
dd. Cd S d P, y d
d d qd E v, y
z d zd A (. Wv/V
L ). Iy, , x v A
Gy d d d vvd
G d B ESF , qy d v y vd E A
as a more transparent and pluralist space compared to the naonal v .Iv vd d-, d
the centralizaon of decisional power d y
xd v:
The European Assemblies are more transparent than the naonal preparatory process, because
the naonal assemblies are organized by a very small elite of people who meet always at the same
place, in the same city. I cannot come to these meengs [...] I am the father of two children, I simply
lack the me. At the naonal level, we discuss a lot by e-mail lists, but the main decisions are taken
in a small commiee by a few people. Here in the European Assemblies this is dierent, you have
many more people who parcipate in discussions, not only a few leaders.10
9 Iv dd B, J 2004.
10 Iv EPA dd I, S 2005.
8/22/2019 How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere. Discourse and Decision-Making in the Europea
11/28
How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere | 11
I y v dd - d
d , - d xv y
v v. W d y
y xv v
z d v (Wv/V L ), v v
d v v dvy v d
E A d d y d (D 2009).
D d v d q d
d E y , v d: d x d
d x y perceivedthe European Assemblies a more discursively inclusive and
d dv d y . Gv
x E A
d v, d x y dv d E A vd d d v:
v y d . S x
d E A y
z, , y v (d/ d) ,
NGO, d d z v (. Wv/V
L ). Hv, dd , E d y
-, z
d ( D 2009). T d vy D
surveys11 ESF y E d
y dvy d (Ad/R 2009). A
x d E d d
E A . Hv, d v
the contrary was the case: European Assemblies, compared to social forum preparatory assemblies at
v, j dv - d- d -v
v d z ESF (Ad/R 2009;
M 2004; Ad/D 2007). I d v y
y d- d -v
E v, d d d
(D 2005, 2009).
3. Wy E E y C Iv D N
S x zz vd v d E A,
I d d E A d d v dvd
d dd dy. I -d v d vy d, I yzd
11 T D j (Dy E d Mz Sy; ://d..) EC d 6 . T j dd y D d P (E-
Uvy I).
8/22/2019 How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere. Discourse and Decision-Making in the Europea
12/28
12 | KFGWorking Paper No. 8 | September 2009
d d v v E A d d
v vvd v. I :
E A, d d d z E
A, d -v d zd
an ideal Social Forum according to the Porto Alegre Charter, such as inclusive, non-discriminatory and
d-. I , v d d
to change their individual understanding of democracy and decision-making when becoming intensely
vvd d z E A d ESF
v. A y E Ay d dv dy , I
y vvd ESF , I d Hd.
Movement Elites in the European Assemblies: Isabelle and Harald
I d Hd v d -z ESF .
B A E, y d v d d y
E A, d d d v
d- y v (I) Mx (Hd). B Hd d
Isabelle frequently facilitated or chaired social forum assemblies, so I assume that they were part of the
z d zd ESF. T d , v, I
was a facilitator of many European Assemblies d d d z ESF v (
P ESF 2003 d F ESF), Hd v. Hd
vvd z d y v d y
Gy. Ad dy , I d d F d
learnt consensus E A y y v
F ESF. W I vd I 2003 xd x
in the European Assemblies had changed her understanding of democracy:
Before, I was acve in the unions where decisions were made by majority vote []. We invent a
special type of language [in the European Assemblies], our own one, and we invent a culture of
communicaon []. I also learnt the languages here.12
I v d y , d , E A d d - v dy:
In [the preparaon of the ESF in] Florence, we learnt that consensus is a process []. At the beginning,
the Italian acvists had a very high level of mistrust towards French culture. They perceived us as
rigid and authoritarian. We had to get together with the Italians to build condence.13
T -v d . I d
v v d dy: d v dy
v, d vd E d v v d
12 Iv dd P, Nv 2003.
13 Iv dd F, Nv 2005.
8/22/2019 How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere. Discourse and Decision-Making in the Europea
13/28
How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere | 13
y v .14 Isabelle perceived herself to have
d dv, dy xd, vy,
zd y d dd. D y
E d dy? Ad
d ? I 4 I , d y q.
Hd dy d. I I, d y vvd
z d d v,
y y zd y . I , y dd d
v 2003:
In no meeng that I ever have facilitated myself, I would have been changing my posion due
to something like deliberaon taking place in the discussion within the meeng. Facilitators talk
about what they want before, and that will be decided, too.15
Hd dd v d v dd y .
Hv, v dd 2006 d E
A d d v. Hd, y
y v, vd v qd
d E A, d y
v (D 2007). Hd d d y I d
European network leaders who as women chaired most of the European Assemblies:
The women in the European preparatory process are important personalies []. I have a lot ofrespect for them. They know how to make a claim. They do not t the general stereotypes of women
as being rather mediators or as not daring to speak up.16
W I d Hd v dy d d-
only that they illustrate the diversity of individual norms and concepts of democracy within the same
d (A d d ). T vd vy d
- v d I - v E v
d v, dv dy v
v d Hd . I q I dd
E d y , I d d d
y v d d d-
ESF .17 I asked respondents to rank those elements that they understood as most relevant
dy ( cooperaon, mutual respectand mutual listening and the internalght
discriminaons) v. Sv . T
14 T d y vd v EPA.
15 Iv dd P, Nv 2003.
16 Iv dd V, Jy 2006.
17 I vy dd E d y , -
d d d v y d .
8/22/2019 How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere. Discourse and Decision-Making in the Europea
14/28
14 | KFGWorking Paper No. 8 | September 2009
y E A d
v y d vy vd v, -dy
d v dv d ( T 1).
Table 1: Comparing democracy norms of parcipants in the European and naonal meengs18
Pv y
y
P v
(P Y)
P EAssemblies
(P Y)
Need to (v)
in social forum
assemblies
48 % 66 %
Need of facilitators to include all
voices in a decision
19 % 47 %
Need of
within a social forum process
54 % 70 %
T (N) 100
T 1 d d d
European Assemblies d d d y
naonallevel: the former cases, according to their own ranking, seem to be more aware of a number of
dv -d, v d (
P A C P) v. I d
v v zd y y
E A (47 ) d y
v (19 ). A d E A
v zd d
vy dy (66 d
48 v) d (vd) v d d qy
E A (70 d 54 v).
M vd vy y d y d
E A d
d v d v z A d
d d I d Hd d.
18 T dd 100 .
8/22/2019 How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere. Discourse and Decision-Making in the Europea
15/28
How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere | 15
4. S S I T E S
Democracy
Sz, v vd E A ESF vy
v d d d- v
. P E A, d ,
dd , v d x v.
T, x vd d d y dy
E d v? I vd v
q. Ev dy E A, d q,
d v dd v :
In the European Assemblies you will listen more than in an assembly at the naonal level. In the
European Assemblies, I only speak up to say something if I really have to. What happens in the
European Assemblies is not negoaon, nor is it compromise. It is consensus. You cannot say exactly
what consensus means, but people are sased with it. Newcomers do not understand what it is,
that is typical. It is a kind of exchange. That you can have several posions in the same public space,
the search for a true terrain, of coexistence, that is really deliberave, a forum. [...]. At the naonal
level, you dont listen to each other any longer. [...] In the internaonal meengs it really counts
what you say.19
I , I , d y v,
, d v I d v d
v E A. F (4.1), I d x E A d d v d d
ESF dy v. Sd, (4.2)
y d y E A, v vd
d- d x dv v
d d dd x v. A E v, dv
d zd y d y d
E v, v-d B v
.
4.1 Structural Uncertainty and the News Benets in a Transnaonal Public Space
A xy (vd) vy dv d E
A d y d y
xy. By y zd x E A, I
v lack of mutual knowledge E d d v
v E A d x
of naonal and geographic pluralism and lile prior contacts. T v
19 Iv v B, I, S 2005.
8/22/2019 How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere. Discourse and Decision-Making in the Europea
16/28
16 | KFGWorking Paper No. 8 | September 2009
d d d , v d d x
d y d vdd dv d
v: dd v d y
d y d .
Transnaonal Complexity and the News Benet from Mutual Listening
I y v, v, d - , dd d v
d d y d E A
d . L d E d
d d d d d v d
dv , I d news benet. By I
v d y d vd x E Ad d d q d E d . A
v vvd d Ty, Iy, dd y
d E dy - d,
d d v d y d
the European Assemblies:
For me, it was in the European Assemblies in the context of the ESF where I rst heard about the
existence of the [European] Commissions Bolkestein direcve.20 Now, we have started to inform
about it and mobilize against it. We simply would not know all these things without European
Assemblies and networks. It is dierent than in a naonal meeng. There is a lot of learning, but
also communicaon problems. For instance in the discussion today in the assembly, regarding the
queson how to translate elements of the [Charter of Principles for another Europe],21 concerning
quesons of liberalism: it had to do with dierent meanings of liberalism and libertarianism in
dierent languages. For French acvists, the sound of liberismo becomes associated automacally
with liberalism, thus neo-liberalism, something they are against. Nevertheless, the word liberist can
be posively connotated in other languages, too.22
I v v, y dd y d
y y E A: Av q
20 By Dv v (d B Dv) E C-
d z v E U. Av ESF
d EPA d d d Dv, vy dd
d (. P 2006).
21 The network for the Charter for another Europe is one of the networks that emerged within the EPAs of the
ESF d ( 20). I jv d C
P A E : E z d y 21
y , , x d , d d d
d vz v d dd v , v d
y j C P A E,
d. (C P A E d, d Jy 2006). S ://
.-./.?586; 22 S 2009.
22 Iv v F, Iy, Nv 2006.
8/22/2019 How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere. Discourse and Decision-Making in the Europea
17/28
How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere | 17
vocabularies and novel concepts in the European Assemblies, though only when they accepted to become
v d - d d
. T v v d x y v
dv d - dd d: P E-d
learning through translaon, v build an
experse on EU polics, transnaonal solidarity es and movement allies. S v E
Assemblies did not know much of each other, were only weakly connected to each other, were separated
d d d y d v , y d y v
d v . T xz , d
v y d dv d y
y x d v (. P 2002). I
E A x d y :
E A zd y d E
d x d . T d v dv d E A d y
d d dy d v . T v-qd
x v -d y v,
expectaon dv v , v
, d -d v d d
d . T : A v, y d y
[...]. I y y y.23 Importantly, most interviewees
v-d x d E A
d v, d dy E v d d
d d dd .
Does Uncertainty Make for more Dialogical Conict-Solving?
N qy d v d -v
E A zd d
y d y . Wy ? S
I R (IR) v d y d d
conict d y d y ,
d y (. R 2000). T d dd d
on thepercepons E A y
y d dd. A q y
- E A
d v. Hv, v d d
, , d dvd vvd E A, -
v d dv d, v d dv
v d. A -d F
23 Iv v B, I, S 2005.
8/22/2019 How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere. Discourse and Decision-Making in the Europea
18/28
18 | KFGWorking Paper No. 8 | September 2009
d y E A d ESF Iy, F d UK dd
-v E A:
At the naonal level, you know each other. There are the old cleavages. Here, you simply dont
know what the others did before. There are more conicts in the European Assemblies than at
the naonal level. Right now in this meeng there is a deep disagreement [groups] []. However,
the goal in the European Assemblies is to do it together. Not like in the UK or in Germany where
two groups who discuss with each other break up and leave. If here in the European Assemblies
someone would leave, it would no longer be a European social forum. The goal is thus to nd a
consensus soluon. A consensus soluon will be found because the actors are too many.24
T d vvd ESF y vy
qy d y -xd E A. H dd
v d d d -v
E A d v. N v d
E A, v
( d) v. T y dy v vd d
y, d - , d qy d
d d y . I ,
d d E A
E A: H, y y d dd . N
y y - v vd
d E A d v d
x () dd d d d
d . T d y d dv
-v y d E v.
A d vd d dv dy d
E A vy: W E A d
, d ? S d x d
v-d news benetd y y y
vy E A. I d . T v-qd x
v -d v v v
v d d d - E A
x y d d dy d y
E v d v. T d dv
d , dd v, y zd
d E . T E v, ,
d dd v y d- y
d y . T d d zd y d
E d , B .
24 Iv v vvd F ESF z , I, S 2005.
8/22/2019 How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere. Discourse and Decision-Making in the Europea
19/28
How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere | 19
4.2 The Consequences of New Norms and Actors Emerging at the European Level
Av d v dv
d x () dd d v
d E A d x z v
d. B v d v d d - E
A (I E A y y v).
B I vd v dv ,
v d.
I y dy A v, z d ,
F P v d dv
d (. P 2002, 2006). H ddvd dv
y d zd y . T
d d v d
dd v dy
zd (P 2006: 26). I , dv dy
Pz Nz v d d
E y (Nz 2006).
I , I y xd d y
E A dv transnaonal speech situaon d B v
d d d y d y
ddd dd v d v . I d: W , interpreted in light
(vd ) v d
ddvd d y d. W re-interprets an
d d E ,
d. I xprincipled , B dd,
y y v - v d.
Habits of hearing and new actors facilitate European-level decision-making
F , dd y d (d d
I) d y E A, v
consider the permanent presence B, d
Ez d z ESF
d d () dd d d d d- d
x, y . P y d ,
B v d E A (y v )
d d d d d-.
I E A, B d v
, B y dv d zd
.
8/22/2019 How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere. Discourse and Decision-Making in the Europea
20/28
20 | KFGWorking Paper No. 8 | September 2009
B dd y - y z d d
ESF d y (. B 2006). B d v d
x v d d v y d
d d d-:
The idea to found Babels came up when in an internaonal meeng a woman from Kirgizstan from
a Human rights organizaon made a statement. She noced that nobody could understand her. She
became more and more desperate, she talked for half an hour; all listened but nobody understood.
That is why we as students of simultaneous translaon created Babels.25
T qd B d d v q d
d y . N, ,
vy v d y B d v
: (A) d dy dd. T y [] d B. P
v d 2003 2006, B y
dd d d, d principled
brokerage I C WSF d ESF z. B v
d d zd v . T
y x d d x
qy d E A. I q B
d y (y) z y ,
d- , d gate-keepers (Wd 2002)
in-group styles and preferences:
At the naonal level [...] [t]he SWP [Socialist Workers Party] wanted me to be part of their steering
commiee. I le again because of their polical pracces in preparatory meengs: authoritarian,
not inclusive, total control-freaks, an-democrac, patriarchal. [...] They expected me not to be
a kind of person who will speak up and make problems, mid and to be instrumentalized. [...] I
remember one European Assembly before the London ESF. I was among the voluntary translators
from Babels. [...] as I am bilingual I went in these meengs to make sure that the SWP does not
abuse its power. A part of the English parcipants tried to trick the French and Italians by playing
on subtle linguisc dierences within decision-making. But as I speak French and English, I told the
French and the Italians what was going on and made sure that they knew that they were going to
be manipulated.26
Iy, q d B S W Py
(SWP), Ty y d y y v
d d E ( M 2004; B 2006; Ry
2006; Kvd 2007). Hv, v B y v
d d d d y B d d
d y . T v-qd v B
v y dd d y B d d
25 Iv B d , I, S 2005.
26 Iv B v, B, J, 2008.
8/22/2019 How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere. Discourse and Decision-Making in the Europea
21/28
How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere | 21
dy E v: B q z
d EPA, d dvd
d d SWP v S F . T
x d x d dy d
dd y dy d d y , E-
d v, yd y d- d
x.
C d, v d -
d dv : I v q, v P 1, y
x v xy d
dd d d- d, d ()
v zd . T v v
y d v: L y d d v , SWP dd d d-
E A ( M 2004; Ry 2006). Hv, E v
B d explicit d d d
d v d-. A x B x
d v y v qd B : T B
v d B M d d xd
y . I E A ,
v d d x v B
Ty y d E v.
W v d v ESF d B
v - d E A,
d dz d d, d d ,
d, d x d- dv
zd v . A B dd
B d:
As translator, you are in a strange posion: you have power and you dont have power. You are like
the service woman who gives coee. Yet, the elites who organize the ESF show respect towards
Babels for our technical knowledge [...]. Babels have a vote in the Internaonal Council, and we
have a clear polical posion, so we maer.27
T dd z d , B d
vy : W B d v I C (IC) d
z ESF, d y
y zd E . Rd d , y
v v B d d, d
d d , z d . Iy, B
27 Iv d B F, I, S 2005.
8/22/2019 How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere. Discourse and Decision-Making in the Europea
22/28
22 | KFGWorking Paper No. 8 | September 2009
vd d d : T dz d d
zd v v y d d
d-.
F, B d- E A x d d d y (D 2008): I y v
d-, v S, d v d E F,
d x v d d d- v
I. T v d
P, d v zd B,
y B d x y
v d v y E A v:
It is funny, the Babels have a lot of inuence on the elites in the European Assemblies, and I think
they were at rst not aware of this. Translaon reduces the hegemony of those who have taken
part for a long me. For newcomers, access gets easier.
P xd d d v d
v d B . T dd
1 v d vd E A
y d y vd
dd y y v d xv . A
v dy 3, EPA vd d v,
d d d v d -yd d. M d d
E v x . Mv, d d
d v dd d d v
dy. G d y d vy E
v, B, d v v d
xdd. Ld, d complex equality(. P 2002) -d
d-, B, dv d q
y y dd .
5. C
I v xd , d x zz
created within European protest movements, such as the European Assemblies within the European Social
F (ESF) , d y y v, d d-
d . Av d listening leaders and aenve
deliberators v E v, d dvd
d v , . A x, I d
E A vd xy ddd uncertain speech situaon that seems to
8/22/2019 How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere. Discourse and Decision-Making in the Europea
23/28
How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere | 23
v d y d d . Id , y d
xy d E v zd
d v d. Iy, E-d d d
a news benet d d d
v d E A.
My analysis showed that in high stake decision-making at the European level, newly created actors,
d z d Ez , d d d-
- yd dd vy d qy vd v ESF .
I d x y d v , B, d y
qd vy E A. A dd d-
- v dz d dd d- d
v: E A d dd v dd d
, d B v y v y d-, d d- d
E . A v , d dd
x d d dd d v. A v,
zd z v
d d- d.
T d E , d v
v dy v, d y d
, d E , y
dz E d EU .
A v y, y d v d
d. Rd , dv E d
d ,
y. G v d v zd
vy d. L, y, ,
d E v
d- v . Gv vy qy dv vy,
d qy d y zd
E A, d , d dy q , x
d vd. O y, d y d -
dd d , , v d
d . T v v d v v d
y d d d EU
d x (v d S 2002, 2006; K 2004, 2008; Nz 2006; D 2008). W
W E v d d ,
A d v S E dvd dvd
dv d - v d
d xy y (D 2008).
8/22/2019 How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere. Discourse and Decision-Making in the Europea
24/28
24 | KFGWorking Paper No. 8 | September 2009
L
Aldes, Chrisna/Kohler Koch, Beate 2009: M-v y v v y ?, :P d EUDO , E Uvy I, F, 14 M 2009.
Andrea, Massimiliano/Doerr, Nicole 2007: I E. I d Ex N-S A E Cd, : E F A Rv 12: 3, 385-400.
Andrea, Massimiliano/Herbert, Reiter2009: T E L d ESF, : d P, D(Ed.): A E. C d P Dy E S F,N Y, 156-68.
Bdoyan, Isabelle/van Aelst, Peter/Walgrave, Stefaan 2004: L d z. T EU B, 2001, : Mz 9: 1, 39-54.
Borie, Julie 2006: Udd dy S d v. T B vv Ld E S , : P d Av F, P P, MM Uvy, M, 19-21 A 2006.
Bori, Julie/Hodkinson, Stuart 2004: B d S F,: Ev N 1, ://.v.//.; 1Jy 2007.
Brzel, Tanja A./Risse, Thomas 2009: T Tv P E: T E U d D Id, : KFG W P N. 1, A 2009, F Uv B.
Bourdieu, Pierre 1982: C q v d, P.
Bozzini, Emanuela 2009: Dy, P d C. T C E C, : P d EUDO W,E Uvy I, F, 14 M 2009.
della Porta, Donatella 2005: D Mv. Wy d H Sdy Dv Dy
d S Mv, : A P 40: 3, 336-350.
della Porta, Dontella/Caiani, Manuela 2007: Ez B? S Mv d E,: Mz 12: 1, 1-20.
della Porta, Donatella/Mosca, Lorenzo 2007: I v: C d IG J Mv, : G N 7: 1, 1-27.
della Porta, Donatella; Andrea, Massimiliano, Mosca Lorenzo, and Reiter, Herbert2002: G, , . L G8 Gv, R/B.
della Porta, Donatella/Andrea, Massimiliano/Mosca Lorenzo/Reiter, Herbert 2006: Gz B, M.
Doerr, Nicole 2005: S d P: D Sz T z
, : B D I 16: 4, 93105.
Doerr, Nicole 2007: I y ? Dv dy d ESF , : I J W Sd 8: 4, 78-84.
Doerr, Nicole 2008: Dv d, , d y WSF , : Mz13: 4, 395-410.
Doerr, Nicole 2009: M d E S F , : SMv Sd 8: 2, 149-165.
Eriksen, Erik O. 2005: A E E P S, : E J S Ty 8: 3,341363.
Fraser, Nancy 1992: R P S: A C Cq Ay ExDy, : C, C (Ed.): H d P S, Bv, 109-142.
Fraser, Nancy 2007: Tz P S O Ly d Ey PO P-W Wd, : Ty, C d Sy 24: 4, 7-30.
8/22/2019 How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere. Discourse and Decision-Making in the Europea
25/28
How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere | 25
Galligan Yvonne/Clavero, Sara 2009: T qy d dy E U. A dy v , : P d F E C P dGd, Q Uvy, B, 22-23 Jy 2009.
Gerhards, Jrgen 1993: W I d d S d E , : Z Sz 22, A, 96-110.
Gerhards, Jrgen : T K d B d d Pz d I, : E, M/M, S (Ed.): G dE. Sz Az z E, Wd.
Glasius, Marlies/Timms, Jill2006: S F: Rd B S I?, : G,M/Kd, My/A, H (Ed.): G Cv Sy Y 5: 2005, Oxd, 175-202.
Grimm, Dieter1995: D E d ?, : E L J 1: 5, 282-302.
Imig, Doug/Tarrow, Sidney 2001: C E. P d P E Py,B.
Janssen, Davy/Kies, Raphael2005: O F d Dv Dy, : A P 40: 5, 317335.
Joerges, Chrisan/Neyer, Jrgen 1997: F v dv . T y, : E L J 3: 3, 273-299.
Kantner, Cathleen2004: K d B. Kv Vz ,Wd.
Kantner, Cathleen 2008: T P d T P, : P d ISd A, A Cv, S F, 28 Fy - 3 M 2007.
Kavada, Anastasia 2007: T E S F d I. A C Sdy CN d Cv A. T d Uvy W d D Py, d d.
Keck, Margaret E./Sikkink, Kathryn 1998: Av Byd Bd, I/Ld.
Kielmansegg, Peter Graf1996: I d D, : J, M/K-K, B(Ed.): E I, Od, 47-71.
Maeckelbergh, Marianne 2004. P W Sd J F C: M d M E S F P, : Ev N 1, ://.v.//.; 2 D 2005.
Mosca, Lorenzo 2007: F d d: d d z d v,: V, T (Ed.): Pz z z , M.
Mller, Harald/Ulbert, Cornelia/Risse, Thomas 2004: A d B M N,: P d C E A Dv P,E Uvy I, S C, Fz, 21-22 My 2004.
Nanz, Patrizia/Jens, Steek2004: G Gv, P d P S, : Gvd O 39: 2, 314335.
Neyer, Jrgen 2003: D d Od EU. A Dv A M-Lv Gv, :J C M Sd 41: 4, 687-706.
Oe, Claus 1998: D d W: E R d Sd I, : S, W (Ed.): I W, D. Hd d D, F M/N Y, 99-136.
Oe, Claus 2003: I T, O C T B, E Sy?, : K, I/L, W
(Ed.): D E. D E d I Idd K d d V, Od, 71-90.
8/22/2019 How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere. Discourse and Decision-Making in the Europea
26/28
26 | KFGWorking Paper No. 8 | September 2009
Pollea, Francesca 2002: Fd I Ed M. Dy A S Mv,C/Ld.
Pollea, Francesca 2006: I W L Fv: y d , C.
Reyes, Oscar2006: Ex R? T Ld ESF 2004, : G, M/Kd, My/
A, H (Ed.): G Cv Sy 2005/6, Ld, 243-244.
Risse, Thomas 2000: L A! Cv A I R, : IOz 54: 1, 1-39.
Risse, Thomas : W E P? Idy, P S, d E Dy,I, NY.
Rootes, Christopher/Saunders, Clare 2005: D W R B C. Udd. O D j : ://d...
Roth, Silke 2003: Bd Mv Bd. T C L U W, W, C.
Rucht, Dieter/Teune, Simon/Yang, Mundo 2007: Mv T. G J Mv Gy,: d P, D (Ed.): T G J Mv C- d
v, N Y, 157-83.
Santos, B. de Sousa 2005: T Wd S F. T W T, : Dv48: 2, 15-22.
Smith, Jackie/Karides, Marina/Chase-Dunn, Christopher/della Porta, Donatella/Becker, Marc/Brunelle,
Dorval/Icaza Garza, Rosalba/Juris, Jerey S./Mosca, Lorenzo/Reese, Ellen/Smith, Peter J./Vazquez,
Rolando 2007: G Dy d Wd S F, Bd.
Smith, Jackie 2007: S Mv G Dy, B, Md.
Soule, Sarah A. 2004: D d v, : S, Dvd A./S, SA./K, H (Ed.): T B v, 294-310.
Staggenborg, Suzanne 1989: Sy d Iv W Mv. A C T
Mv Oz, : S P 36: 1, 75-92.
Steiner, Jrg/Bchger, Andr/Sprndli, Markus/Steenbergen, Marco R. 2004: Dv P A. C Sdy Py D, Cd.
Van de Steeg, Marianne 2002: R d E U, :E J S Ty 5: 4, 499-519.
Van de Steeg, Marianne 2006: D x E U? A y d Hd , : E J P R 45: 4, 609-634.
Walgrave, Stefaan/Van Laer, Jeroen : T v N Av. A SyC T d N P 2006 E dB S F, : T, S (Ed.): T C. H Av yd
Bd C F P, N Y/ Oxd.Whitaker, Chico 2004: T WSF , : S, J/Ad, A/E, A/W,
P (Ed.): T Wd S F. C E, N D, 111-121.
Wodak, Ruth 1996: Dd D, Ld.
Wodak, Ruth 2000: F C C? T - y , : M,P/W, G/Wd, R (Ed.): E U d /y Ady y y- d , Ad,73-114.
Wodak, Ruth/Wright, Sco2006: T E U Cy. M D P v ?, : J L d P 1: 06, 251275.
World Social Forum Organising Commiee 2001: Wd S F C , P A,: ://.-./.?586; 1 O 2008.
8/22/2019 How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere. Discourse and Decision-Making in the Europea
27/28
How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere | 27
Young, Iris M. 1996: C d O - Byd Dv Dy, : B, Sy(Ed.): Dy d D. C Bd P, P, 120-136.
Young, Iris M. 1998: D R D C, : B, J/ R,W (Ed.): Dv Dy, Cd, 383-407.
Young, Iris M. 2000: I d Dy, N Y.
8/22/2019 How European Protest Transforms Institutions of the Public Sphere. Discourse and Decision-Making in the Europea
28/28
T K-F - E A Ex
Iv R
T K-F (KFG) d -d y G R Fd 2008. I - KFG vd y v
vv d y d dd d j .
T K-F T Tv P E E B-Bd- d z v- d . I x EU - d d, yz d d x d :
Idy d P S
C, Cdy d Byd
Cv R d E Ex R