1

History of Contemporary Architecture Academic Year 2016/2017

Prof. Michela Rosso

1/index &biblio

THE BASIC GRAMMAR OF ARCHITECTURE Architectural Orders

The Essentials of Classicism

(SUMMERSON 7-26)

Where do we find the ORDERS first mentioned in the history of architecture?

Marco Vitruvius Pollione, De Arquitectura, 15 B.C.

The only written surviving record of the architecture of antiquity containing an extraordinary amount of

information about traditional buildings

Why do we study the Orders?

an extraordinarily enduring grammar that has persisted through the ages until today

architrave

ENTABLATURE = an architrave + a frieze + a cornice

Cornice

Architrave

Frieze

Leon Battista Alberti Title page of De Re Aedificatoria (On the Art of Building in Ten Books) First published in Florence 1443-1452

Sebastiano Serlio

the sequence from left to right of the 5 orders

Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Composite

I sette libri sull’architettura Venice 1537

The Parthenon, 448-432 B.C.

Is this classical? Is this a classical building?

Cathedral of Chartres, northern porch 12th century

Is t GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE SOME BASIC FEATURES

Pointed arches Ribbed vaults

Flying buttresses

INNOVATING the ORDERS: Philibert de l’Orme and the French Order in the 16th century

INNOVATING the ORDERS: Wendel Dietterlin, Columns of the Composite order in Dietterlin’s Architectura, 1594 and 1598

COPYING the ORDERS: the TUSCAN ORDER as used by Inigo Jones at St Paul Church, Covent Garden London 1631

LONDON

THE PERSISTENCE OF THE ORDERS the Sheldonian Theatre at Oxford

built on the design by Christopher Wren in 1663

OXFORD

ROME INNOVATING the ORDERS

VENICE INNOVATING the ORDERS

TURIN

1718-1721

Triglyphs Mutules…. The Grammar of Antiquity

The superimposed orders (doric+ionic+corinthian) the Colosseum Theatre, Rome – 1st century B.C.

DIFFERENT LEVELS OF INTEGRATION columns/wall LESENE at Palazzo Rucellai Leon Battista Alberti Florence 1450

FLORENCE

The Triumphal arch Arco di Costantino (Left) as a model for

Leon Battista Alberti

Below: Alberti’s Tempio Malatestiano Rimini

1450

Sixteenth century DIFFERENT LEVELS OF INTEGRATION

of the COLUMNS into the WALL Churches of Il Gesù & Santa Susanna, both in ROME

The superimposed orders: RAPHAEL’s Home Designed by Bramante

1512

The superimposed orders Ca’ Corner by Jacopo Sansovino, Venice 1532

VENICE

LONDON

COPYING the ORDERS the Roman Temple of Vesta in Tivoli (RIGHT) as the model of the Tivoli

corner of the Bank of England (LEFT) designed and built by John Soane 1793/1830 in London

WASHINGTON DC

James Hoban, The White House, Washington DC 1792-1800

PARIS

CLASSICISM in the 20th century Theatre of the Champs Elysées by Auguste PERRET 1913 Paris

THE TWENTIETH CENTURY: MODERN INTERPRETATIONS OF THE ORDERS

John Outram Isle of Dogs Pumping Station, London 1988

Michael Graves, Team Disney Building, Burbank 1991

THE TWENTIETH CENTURY: POST-MODERN INTERPRETATIONS OF THE ORDERS