Prof. Dr. Ir. Anondho Wijanarko, M.Eng.

POKOK BAHASAN BASIC OF ELECTRICITY CAUSE AND EFFECT ELECTRICAL HAZARD WORST CASE EXAMPLE RISK ANALYSIS RISK MITIGATION

BASIC OF ELECTRICITY Kelistrikan adalah sifat benda yang muncul dari adanya muatan listrik. Listrik adalah sumber energi yang disalurkan melalui konduktor seperti: air, bumi, logam, tubuh manusia. Insulator ialah bahan-bahan non Konduktor. Arus listrik timbul karena muatan listrik mengalir dari saluran positif ke saluran negatif.

BASIC OF ELECTRICITY Listrik dapat disimpan, misalnya pada sebuah aki atau batere. Setiap kali listrik mengalir melalui bahan yang mempunyai hambatan, maka akan dilepaskan panas. Semakin besar arus listrik, maka panas yang timbul akan berlipat.

BASIC OF ELECTRICITYAda 2 jenis arus listrik : 1.Listrik Arus Searah Listrik mengalir 1 arah dari kutub positif ke kutub negatif. Jika kita memegang hanya kabel positif (tapi tidak memegang kabel negatif), listrik tidak akan mengalir ke tubuh kita (kita tidak terkena strum).

BASIC OF ELECTRICITY2. Listrik Arus Bolak Balik Listrik mengalir bolak balik karena kutub positif ke kutub negatif berbolak balik secara terus menerus.

CAUSE AND EFFECTIdentifikasi terhadap bahaya yang berhubungan dengan listrik : Buruknya sambungan kabel Memakai APD yang salah Menggunakan tools yang tidak sesuai Tangga dan scaffolding yang tidak sempurna Kondisi basah Tidak adanya grounding pada sistem kelistrikan Beban yang berlebih Ukuran kabel yang tidak sesuai

CAUSE AND EFFECT

CAUSE AND EFFECT Tingkat bahaya terkena sengatan listrik bergantung pada : Jumlah / besarnya aliran listrik yang mengenai tubuh Lamanya aliran listrik tersebut Jalan / caranya terkena aliran listrik tersebutTegangan rendah bukan berarti bahayanya kecil

CAUSE AND EFFECTMilliamperes Current injury 1 to 8 Shock sensation 8 to 15 Painful shock 15 to 20 Painful shock with control of adjacent muscles lost. Individual can not let go. 20 to 50 Painful shock with severe muscular contractions and difficult breathing. 50 or more May be fatal

ELECTRICAL HAZARDApa yang harus dilakukan..? Recognize (kenali bahaya-bahayanya) Evaluasi / lakukan penilaian terhadap bahaya tersebut Lakukan pengendalian

ELECTRICAL HAZARDAnalisa terhadap suatu bahaya listrik : Perhatikan tanda-tanda adanya bahaya Lakukan penilaian terhadap bahaya dengan konsekuensi resiko tinggi Putuskan segera jika anda ingin melakukan tindakan Jangan pernah mengacuhkan tanda-tanda peringatan

ELECTRICAL HAZARDPengendalian terhadap bahaya listrik : Lakukan LOTO (Lock Out/Tag Out) pada peralatan listrik yang sedang dilakukan perbaikan/ pemeliharaan Hindari beban berlebih, perhatikan beban arus pada sistem pemutus arus (circuit breaker) dan ukuran kabel. (Proper design consideration) Lakukan isolasi pada alat listrik Pasang sistem grounding ataupun bonding pada sistem kelistrikan atau peralatan yang berpotensi mengakibatkan listrik statik

ELECTRICAL HAZARD

ELECTRICAL HAZARD

GROUNDING

HINDARI BEBAN BERLEBIH

GUNAKAN LOTO (LOCK OUT TAG OUT)

WORST CASE EXAMPLE Event diambil dari sebuah kecelakaan akibat pekerjaan elektrikal di suatu daerah operasi BP(Sumber : BP Process Safety Manual)

RISK ANALISYS TOOLRISK MATRIX 3x3High Medium 3 2 1 Low 6 4 2 Medium 9 6 3 High

Severity

Low

Possibility

ELECTRICAL GENERAL HAZARD IDENTIFICATIONHAZARD S CAUSE CONSEQUENCES HAZARDS EFFECT On Human Depends on the case, it could be from mild sensation of electrical shock to death SEVERITY High POSSIBILITY High

PREVENTION AND SAFE GUARDSProper Insulation system Guarding Proper Grounding and Bonding system Proper electrical enclosure Class Circuit protection device (Groud fault circuit interrupters/ GFCI) Safe practice Regular facilities inspection Training Proper Electrical PPE (electrical ruibber gloves)

RESIDUAL RISK Low

ELECTRIC Human SHOCK body become a part of the electric circuit

Mild sensation (1 3 mA) Slight shock (5 mA) Painful shock (6 25 mA for woman and 9 30 mA for men) Extreme pain, respiratory arrest, severe muscular contractions death is possible (50 150 mA) Ventricular fibrillation, muscular contraction and nerve damage death is most likely (1.000 4.300 mA) Cardiac arrest, severe burns and probable death (10.000 mA)

ELECTRICAL GENERAL HAZARD IDENTIFICATIONHAZARD S OVER HEATING CAUSE CONSEQUENCES Melting cables or electrical device Lead to Fire due to improper classification of design, sizing, and classification HAZARDS EFFECT On Assets Loss of asset/proper ty/ prosess interuption On Human Injured due to fire SEVERITY Medium POSSIBILITY Medium PREVENTION AND SAFE GUARDS Design/Sizing Circuit breakers Fuse in correct size Ground fault circuit interrupters Regular inspection (infrared thermography) and Maintenance (current assesment and tightening up all loose connection) Proper MCC/ electrical cabinet classification RESIDUA L RISK Low

Over current (wire too small or load too great) Short circuit Lose contact

http://wn.com/electrical_arc

ELECTRICAL GENERAL HAZARD IDENTIFICATIONCAUSECONSEQUENCES Emits ultraviolet frequencies that might cause blindness Equipment blast Sound of the blast might easily rupture eardrum (160 dB) Lead to Fire due to improper classification of design, sizing, and classification

HAZARDS ELECTRICAL SPARK and ARC-FLASH

HAZARDS EFFECTOn Assets Loss of asset/property / process interuption On Human Facial burn, Blindness, deafness or injured

SEVERITY

POSSIBILITY

PREVENTION AND SAFE GUARDS Proper design/Sizing Proper sizing of current breaker Proper design of electrical enclosure Apply over-current protective device (OCPD) De-energize equipment before working on Qualified and trained worker Wear appropriate electrical PPE (electrical rubber glove, electrical ground stick, face shield) SOP Follow code and standard Regular Inspection (infra red thermography) and Maintenance (current assesment & tightening up all loose connection) MCC / electrical cabinet proper classification.

RESIDUAL RISKLow

Contact between conductors due to dropped object (short circuit) Faulty electrical equipment being used Worn or broken conductor insulation Exposed live parts Loose wire connection Improperly maintained swttches and circuit breakers Obstructed disconnected panels Water or liquid near electrical equipment High voltage cables Static electricity Damaged tools and equipment

High

Medium

ARC FLASH ACCIDENT Sumber :http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa5392/is_200702/ai_n21284230/

High Voltage Switch Gear

Racking Inside of the Switch Gear

ELECTRICAL GENERAL HAZARD IDENTIFICATIONHAZARDZ CAUSE CONSEQUENCES HAZARDS EFFECT RISK POSSIBILITY PREVENTION AND SAFE GUARDS RESIDUAL RISK

ARC-FLASH

Attempted to rack out the breaker even as it was receiving a close command. When the breaker is moved, the mechanical bind was relieved and the breaker closed while it was partially racked-out.

electrical arc flash and explosion

On Assets Loss of asset/property/ process interuption On Human Fatality, burned injury.

High

Medium

Establish an electrical safety program with clearly defined responsibilities. Conduct an electrical system analysis to determine the degree of arc flash hazard. Conduct safety training for all workers. Ensure there is adequate personal protective clothing and equipment on hand. Ensure the proper tools are on hand for safe electrical work.

Low

ARC-FLASH

PPE for Arc-Flash