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hazid procedures for pipelines
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PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
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PIPELINE RISK ASSESSMENTINTRODUCTION TO HAZID
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Description“HAZID is a structured, team based approach to identify
hazards, their potential consequences, and requirements
for risk reduction”
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID
4
• What is the purpose of HAZID?
-For the defined system, identify relevant hazards and their causes and potential consequences
-Document any existing safeguards (i.e. preventing the hazard and/or consequences from the hazard)
-Assess the risk (i.e. assess the probability/frequency and consequences) associated with the identified hazards
-Make recommendations and assign actions to eliminate, prevent, control or mitigate the identified hazards
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID
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• Difference between risk and hazard?
• Risk could be described as the exposure to a hazard
• Hazard – any event/object that could cause harm
• Hazard – a crocodile / Risk – exposed to a crocodile
• More academic importance
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID
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• Team-based workshop
-HAZID chairman
-HAZID scribe
-Participants
• Different responsibilities within the HAZID team
• Composition and size of the team depending on the
situation (e.g. complexity)
• Preferable smaller group (i.e. less than 10)
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID
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• Participants appropriate knowledge and experience (i.e.
experts for the different parts of the system)
• Participants appropriate knowledge and experience (e.g.
operational personnel)
-Maintenance
-Safety
-Process
• Stakeholders (e.g. contractor, consultant, client and
authorities)
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID
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• Structured – use of guidewords (established before the
workshop)
• Specific guidewords for the situation and system
(combination of guidelines, company specific and
experience)
• Purpose of assisting in the identification or hazards
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID
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EXAMPLE OF HAZID
Threat/Hazard
Cause Consequence
Existing safeguard
Internal corrosion
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EXAMPLE OF HAZID
Threat/Hazard
Cause Consequence
Existing safeguard
Internal corrosion
Impurities in the gas (O2, H2S, CO2, or chlorides) Impurities in the gas (H2O)
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EXAMPLE OF HAZID
Threat/Hazard
Cause Consequence
Existing safeguard
Internal corrosion
Impurities in the gas (O2, H2S, CO2, or chlorides) Impurities in the gas (H2O)
Primary – decreased wall thickness Secondary - weakening of pipeline causing leakage of gas
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EXAMPLE OF HAZID
Threat/Hazard
Cause Consequence
Existing safeguard
Internal corrosion
Impurities in the gas (O2, H2S, CO2, or chlorides) Impurities in the gas (H2O)
Primary – decreased wall thickness Secondary - weakening of pipeline causing leakage of gas
Internal inspection (pigging) every 5th year
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• Difficulties in determine what is actually the hazard, the cause and the consequence
-The hazard (i.e. leak of hydrocarbon from a pipeline system)
-The cause of an event (i.e. corrosion which causes a leakage from the pipeline)
-The resulting consequence of an event (i.e. fire after ignition of the leakage from the pipeline)
-The hazard (i.e. corrosion which causes a leakage from the pipeline)
-The cause of an event (i.e. damaged corrosion protection on the pipeline)
-The resulting consequence of an event (i.e. leak of hydrocarbon from a pipeline system)
• Confusion (i.e. incorrect use – academic importance)
• Consistency – use the same approach throughout the HAZID!
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID
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EXAMPLE OF HAZID
Threat/Hazard
Cause Consequence
Existing safeguard
Delayed lunch
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EXAMPLE OF HAZID
Threat/Hazard
Cause Consequence
Existing safeguard
Delayed lunch
Presentation taking too long time (speaker being too slow or having too much to say)
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EXAMPLE OF HAZID
Threat/Hazard
Cause Consequence
Existing safeguard
Delayed lunch
Presentation taking too long time (speaker being too slow or having too much to say)
Primary – loss of focus (possible falling asleep) Secondary – increasing loss of temper (possible outburst)
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EXAMPLE OF HAZID
Threat/Hazard
Cause Consequence
Existing safeguard
Delayed lunch
Presentation taking too long time (speaker being too slow or having too much to say)
Primary – loss of focus (possible falling asleep) Secondary – increasing loss of temper (possible outburst)
Offer the participants some fresh fruit and a new cup of coffee Operating procedures (presentation kept within assigned time)
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• What is the purpose of HAZID?
-For the defined system, identify relevant hazards and their causes and potential consequences
-Document any existing safeguards (i.e. preventing the hazard and/or consequences from the hazard)
-Assess the risk (i.e. assess the probability/frequency and consequences) associated with the identified hazards
-Make recommendations and assign actions to eliminate, prevent, control or mitigate the identified hazards
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID
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• Sometimes a HAZID only include the risk identification (i.e. where hazards and their causes and consequences are
identified)
• Most of them time a HAZID also include a qualitative risk assessment (i.e. where the probability/frequency and
consequences for the identified hazards are assessed)
• Assessment carried out with the support from a risk matrix
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID
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EXAMPLE OF HAZID
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EXAMPLE OF HAZID
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EXAMPLE OF HAZID
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• A number of actions to eliminate, prevent, control or mitigate the hazards are assigned at the workshop
-Additional information
-Inspections
-Detailed studies
-Detailed calculations
-Changes in the design
• Based on the close-out of these actions (and possible implementation) an updated risk assessment (residual risk)
• Carried out weeks or months after the workshop
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID
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EXAMPLE OF HAZID
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EXAMPLE OF HAZID
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• The hazards are recorded in the HAZID sheet
• The actions are recorded in action sheets
• The workshop is presented in the HAZID report
-Presentation of the HAZID sheet (i.e. the information established at the workshop)
-Presentation of the action sheets
-Information on the workshop (e.g. participants, guidewords and methodology)
• Updated based on the close-out of actions and updated risk assessment (residual risk)
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID
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Advantages of HAZID
• Flexibility (e.g. concept – high-level hazards / detailed
design – detailed hazards)
• Flexibility (e.g. could be used to analyse one concept or
compare two different concepts)
• Thorough (i.e. systematic approach)
• Well documented (e.g. easy to keep track on
information)
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID
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Disadvantages of HAZID
• Information (i.e. strongly depending on the information
available)
• HAZID team (i.e. depending on the expertise and
experience within the team)
• Close-out of actions (i.e. depending on the commitment
from management)
• Effectiveness (i.e. only effective if the hazards identified
are resolved and appropriate actions implemented)
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID
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• Round-around the table (i.e. speak up your strongest
concerns regarding possible hazards) before going into
the guidewords
• Gathering experts for the different parts of the system
often leads to discussion of things which might not
actually be a hazard (more cross-disciplinary problems) –
keep focus on the hazards!
• Spend some time defining the actual system (e.g.
boundaries and project phase)
INTRODUCTION TO HAZID
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QUESTIONS?