Güç Elektroniği - Eemdersnotlari.com Necdet YILDIZ Ders Notları

8/10/2019 Güç Elektroniği - Eemdersnotlari.com Necdet YILDIZ Ders Notları

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Cüiùn-0

JereŗN.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE 0



E - JĴSĴŝ

• [@MEN2

• Jùê oiohtrgmeėe, aora`mje

cer h`ym`ht`m ìİm`m

oiohtreh omorbesemem,

• Jùê Oiohtrgmeėe, jùmjoêtehêo kà` k`jomeŗioyom oiohtrgmeh

sohtürùmùm om ümoniekìi`rİmk`m cereseker.

• Ümfoiore omkùstreyoi

o o trgm y mton or ohgmtrgi okeioroh

(kümùŗtùrùioroh voy`

eŗiomoroh) hgmtrgiiù gi`r`h

yùho `ht`rİin`sİ eŗioneker.

êüzùniorko huii`mİi`mjùê oiohtrgmeėe kovro vokùzomohiore, jùmùnùzko

omkùstremem kİŗİm` t`ŗ`r`hovioro, glesioro vo`r`êi`r` jerneŗter.

N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE 3



E - JĴSĴŝ

• [@SĴAÊO2• Jùê oiohtrgmeėe sorùvome,

0544―iù yİii`rİm c`ŗi`rİmkòmkùstreyoi n`hemoiorko êgh

ygėum gi`r`h huii`mİin`ht`gi`m kgėru `hİn ngtgri`rİmİmaİz hgmtrgiù eio c`ŗi`nİŗtİr.

[ONOI U@TE2• Cer jùê oiohtrgmeėe kùzomoėemem

tonoi y`pİsİ cigh gi`r`h ŝohei-0.0―ko jürùinohtoker.

• ŝoheikom jürùikùėù jece cer jùêkùzomoėe, jùê kovrose vohgmtrgi kovrose gin`h ùzoro ehe

• 05?4―ie yİii`r` h`k`r jùêoiohtrgmeėemem omkùstreyoiuyjui`nì`rİ eio eijeie poh êghtogreh êìİŗn` y`pİinİŗ, l`h`t

oiohtrgm tùpioremkom c`ŗh`huii`mİi`ceiofoh nìzonojoieŗtereionokeėe eêemuyjui`n`y` sghui`n`nİŗtİr.


.

OiohtrehOmorbeseH`ym`ėİ

JùêKovrose

Uùh([ùhotefe)

HgmtrgiKovrose



E - JĴSĴŝ

• [restür huii`mİi`r`h aon kà`c`set, aon kà` hùêùh, aonko kà` ufuz` y`pİi`ceier aìojoiom jùê oiohtrgmeėe

kovroioremem uyjui`n` i`mi`rİk` aİzi` y`yjİmi`ŗn`y`c`ŗi`nİŗtİr.

• @ mİ z`n`mk`, emo g z`n`m`

• 05?4―iorem c`ŗİmk` y`rİeiothomnìzonoiorem joieŗtereinose vocu nìzonoior huii`mİi`r`hkeygt, tr`msestgr jece kovro

oion`mi`rİmİm y`pİin`y`c`ŗi`mn`sİ jùê oiohtrgmeėeuyjui`nì`rİmİm ümùmùm`êİin` eŗ`roteme vorneŗter.

h`k`r kùŗùmùiùp koy`pİi`n`y`m poh êghuyjui`n` [restür s`yosemkoy`pİi`ceier aìo joineŗter.

• 05<4―iİ vo 05:4―ie yİii`rtrestür―ùm ìtİm yİii`rİ ginuŗ vojùê oiohtrgmeėe uyjui`nì`rİaor ì`m` y`yİinİŗtİr.

• Mea`yot 05<4―i`rİm c`ŗİmk`[restür―ùm cuiumn`sİ jùêoiohtrgmeėe `êİsİmk`m êghümonie cer kovren ginuŗtur.

• [restür―ùm cuiumn`sİyi` gz`n`m` h`k`r oiohtrgm tùpioreeio y`pİi`m uyjui`nì`r rtİhtrestürio y`pİin`y` c`ŗi`nİŗtİr.

N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE ;



E - JĴSĴŝ

• 0514―iorem c`ŗi`rİmk`m etec`romeso s`yİsì oiohtrgmehì`mİmk`he joieŗnoior vonehrgeŗionfeiorem joieŗtereinoyo

c`ŗi`n`sİ eio jùêoiohtrgmeėemko yome uluhi`r`êİin`y` c`ŗi`nİŗtİr.

• Cu oie noioro u um gi`r`h

• Jùê tr`msestür―iore, jùêngslot―iore vo cu oion`mi`rİmkà` eiore vorseygmi`rİmİmjoieŗtereinoseyio ceriehto, kà`

ümfohe yİii`rk` trestüriorhuii`mİi`r`h aon kà` zgr aonko kà` pàìİ gi`r`hy`pİin`y` êìİŗİi`m cert`hİn

trestür―o ìtorm`tel yome jùêoiohtrgmeėe oion`mi`rİjoieŗtereino êìİŗnì`rİc`ŗi`nİŗ vo cu êìİŗnì`r

sgmufumk` g z`n`m` h`k`rkùŗùh jùêiùiore huii`mİin`ht`gi`m ’Jùê [r`msestür―iore voJùê Ngslot―iore„ joieŗtereineŗter.

jùê oiohtrgmeėe kovroiore voomkùstreyoi uyjui`nì`r, cuyome oion`mi`rİm huii`mİin`y`c`ŗi`n`sİyi`, aon kà` c`set,aon kà` hùêùh, aon kà`lgmhseygmoi aon ko êgh kàùfuz` y`pİi`ceier vohuii`mİi`ceier aìo joineŗter.

N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE ?



E - JĴSĴŝ

• JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ KO\SOIOSĴMĴM H_II@MEN@I@MI@SE2

• Omkùstreko80- Omorbe eiotene vo k`ėİtİnİmk`,

3- Aor tùr ngtgr hgmtrgiumk`,

• Cem`, Gles vo Oviorko8

0- Cem` gtgn`sygmsestonioremko,

3- Esİtn`, sgėutn`,a`vì`mkİrn` vo jùvomiehsestonioremko,

6- N`hemo gtgn`sygmumk`,;- Aor tùr İsİtn` sgėutnèŗionioremko,

?- Aor tùr ùroten vo ngmt`b

s`m`yemko,<- Aor tùr jùê h`ym`ėİ vo jùêhgmtrgi sestoniremko.

- n g s r`ê `rİm `,

;- Oėiomfo, spgr vo gyum`r`êi`rİmk`,

?- [İcce fea`zi`rk`,

<- Ê`n`ŗİr n`hemose, cui`ŗİhn`hemose, cuzkgi`cİ, hien`,oiohtreh sùpùrjose vc. ovfea`zi`rİmk`.

N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE <



E - JĴSĴŝ

• _i`ŗİn @r`êi`rİmk`80- _ê`h vo keėor a`v``r`êi`rİmk`he tùn jùêsestonioremko,

3- Konerygiu vo notrg`r`êi`rİmk` vo yorsestonioremko,

• [ rİn vo A`yv`mfİiİht`80- Vor` gtgn`sygmu vohgmtrgiùmko,

3- @êİh a`v` sui`n` vo ùrùmhgmtrgi sestonioremko,6- [ rİn n`hemoiorememgtgn`sygmumk`,

- ,

jece `ėİr v`sİtì`rİm tùnoiohtrgmeh sestonioremko,

;- Gtgngceiiorkohe tùnoiohtrehsoi jùê vo hgmtrgi

sestonioremko,?- Lgrhielt, soyy`r vemê, cotgmn`hemose vc. `r`êi`rk`.

- nos, İr v . `yv`myoteŗterno tosesioremem c`hİn vogtgn`sygmumk`,

?- [ ri` vo `r`zeiorem ohen,kehen vo jùcroionohgmtrgii`rİmk`.<- [gaunfuiuh, leko yoteŗternovc. êìİŗnì`rk`.

N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE :



E - JĴSĴŝ

• [ONOI JÙÊ KO\SOIOSĴ2• Jùê oiohtrgmeėe h`ps`nİmk`

y`pİi`m tùn eŗior vo uyjui`nì`r; tonoi kovro y`pİsİ ùzoremo

huruinuŗtur.• Cu kovro y`pİi`rİ, ìtorm`tel `hİn

voy` kgėru `hİn tùrùmkohe

• ŝohei-0.3―kom jürùikùėù jecetonoi jùê kovroiore,

0) @F-KF kümùŗtùrùfùior,

3) @F-@F kümùŗtùrùfùior,

6) KF-KF kümùŗtùrùfùior,

;) KF-@F kümùŗtùrùfùiorker.

voy` homke eêioremko l`rhiİŗoheiioro vo soveyoiorokümkùrùinose eŗionemejorêohioŗternohtoker.

• Cu kurunk`, jùê oiohtrgmeėememtonoi kovro y`pİi`rİ y`m t`r`lt`ŝohei-0.3―ko gikuėu jecejüstoreioceinohtoker.


~ / >

> / >

~ / >

~ / ~

@F KF

KF@F

Ĵmvortürior

@FHİyİfİi`r

KFHİyİfİi`r

Kgėruitufui`r

@F / @F KF / KF

KF / @F



E - JĴSĴŝ

• @F-KF Kümùŗtùrùfùior(Kgėruitufui`r)8

• Jùê oiohtrgmeėemem tonoikovroioremkom ceremfese gi`m

kgėruitufui`r, cer l`ziİ voy` ùêl`ziİ @F h`ym`ėİ huii`m`r`h,s`cet voy` koėeŗhom KF joreienoiko otnoh eêem

-.

• @F-KF kümùŗtùrùfùior(kgėruitufui`r)80- Hgmtrgisuz kgėruitufui`r,3- Hgmtrgiiu kgėruitufui`r,

gi`r`h 3 `m` jruc` `yrİiİr.ŝohei 0.6―ko c`set cer hgmtrgiiùkgėruitufu kovrose vo kìj`ŗoheiiore jürùinohtoker.


.

hgmtrgiiù kgėruitufu kovrosevo kìj` ŗoheiiore.

Jereŗ

(H`ym`h)

Êİhİŗ(Uùh)



E - JĴSĴŝ

• @F-@F Kümùŗtùrùfùior(@F hİyİfİi`r)8

• Jùê oiohtrgmeėemem tonoikovroioremkom ehemfese gi`m @Fhİyİfİi`r, cer l`ziİ voy` ùê l`ziİ@F h`ym`ėİ huii`m`r`h, s`cetvoy` koėeŗhom lroh`msiİ vo

-

eêem huii`mİin`ht`kİr.• @F-@F kümùŗtùrùfùior8

0- @F vgit b hgmtrgifui`r,

3- Keroht lroh`ms êoverefeior,

gi`r`h 3 `m` jruc` `yrİiİr.ŝohei 0.;―ko c`set cer @F hİyİfİkovrose vo kìj` ŗoheiiorejürùinohtoker.


.

@F hİyİfİ kovrose vo kìj`ŗoheiiore.

Jereŗ

(H`ym`h)



E - JĴSĴŝ

• KF-KF Kümùŗtùrùfùior• Jùê oiohtrgmeėemem tonoi

kovroioremkom ùêùmfùsù gi`mKF-KF kümùŗtùrùfùior,

aora`mje cer KF h`ym`ht`mìkİėİ joreiene yùhsoitoroh ,kùŗùroroh voy` êgėuii`y`r`h,s`cet vo ` ko e hom KF

joreien(ior) oiko otnoh eêemhuii`mİin`ht`kİr.

• KF-KF kümùŗtùrùfùior8

0- KF hİyİfİi`r,

3- @màt`ri`nìİ rojùi`türior,gi`r`h 3 `m` jruc` `yrİiİr.ŝohei 0.?―ko c`set cer KF hİyİfİkovrose jürùinohtoker.


Jereŗ

(H`ym`h)

Êİhİŗ(Uùh)

. ‖

hgmtrgiiù KF hİyİfİ kovrose vokìj` ŗoheiiore.



E - JĴSĴŝ

• KF-@F Kümùŗtùrùfùior(Ĵmvortürior)8

• Jùê oiohtrgmeėemem tonoikovroioremkom sgmumfusu gi`m

Ĵmvortürior, aora`mje cer KFh`ym`ht`m ikİėİ joreieneeŗioyoroh, s`cet voy` koėeŗhomomieh vo lroh`msiİ @F oreien

oiko otnoh eêem huii`mİi`m jùêoiohtrgmeėe kovroioreker.

• Ĵmvortürior8

0- TZN emvortürior,

3- Sozgm`msiİ emvortürior,gi`r`h 3 `m` jruc` `yrİiİr.ŝohei 0.<―k` c`set cer TZNemvortür kovrose jürùinohtoker.


Jereŗ

(H`ym`h)

Êİhİŗ(Uùh)

4\



E - JĴSĴŝ

• [onoi Jùê Oion`mi`rİ8• Jùê kovroioremem, estomeiom jùê

kümùŗùnioreme uyjum gi`r`hjorêohioŗteroceinoiore, cu

kovroiorko huii`mİi`m uyjumjùê oion`mi`rİyi` nùnhùmgi`ceinohtoker.

•

• Cu kurunk` màt`r y`pİsİjùê oiohtrgmeėe eêem êghümonieker vo cur`k` yrİmtİsİeio emfoiomofohter.

• @màt`r [ùriore8

• Oiohtreh-Oiohtrgmeh jùê

jùê oion`mi`rİ, a`mje tùrkümùŗùnko giurs` gisum,kèn` h`ym`h eio yùh`r`sİmk`he c`ėi`mtİyİ hosep

cİr`hn`hi` jüroviomkereineŗter.Kgi`yİsİyi` cu oion`mi`r ceror’@M@A[@S„ gi`r`h êìİŗn`ht`y` k` êìİŗtİrİin`ht`kİr.

`màt`r cuiumn`ht`kİr. Cumi`r,0- Noh`meh `màt`ri`r,

3- Oiohtrgnoh`meh `màt`ri`r,

6- U`rİeiothom `màt`ri`rkİr.

• Cu `màt`r tùrioremeemfoionokom ümfo ’ekoì`màt`r„ y`pİsİ emfoiomnoieker.




E - JĴSĴŝ

• Ĵkoì @màt`r Üzoiiehiore8Ĵkoì `màt`r, êìİŗn`sİsİr`sİmk` ùzoremko aora`mje cerh`yİp giuŗturn`y`m `màt`rkİr.

Ĵkoì `màt`r s`kofo 3kurunk` cuium`ceier. Cumi`r,

0- Uìİtİn kurunu (h`pìİ-gll),

• ŝohei-0.:, ekoì `màt`r.

Jereŗ

(H`ym`h)

Êİhİŗ

(Uùh)

Ĵkoì @màt`r\@

E@

Jereŗ

- o n urunu `êİ -gm .

@màt`ri`rİm êìİŗn`sİsİr`sİmk` ùzoremko ehe tùr h`yİpgiuŗn`ht`kİr. Cu h`yİpi`r,

0- @màt`ri`n` (`ên`-h`p`n`) h`yİpi`rİ,3- Ĵioten h`yİpi`rİkİr.

Cu `màt`rk` h`yİpi`r sİlİrkİr.

N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE 0;

@màt`r`hİnİ (E@)

@màt`rjoreiene(\@)

A`rf`m`mjùê (T@)

gll gm gll gm

T@> \@ x E@



E - JĴSĴŝ

• Cu kurunk` ekoì `màt`rièijeie ümonie p`r`notroior[ cig-0.0―kohe jece jüstoreioceier.

• [ cee he cüyio cer `màt`r

jorêohto yghtur.

• U`mk`he [ cig-0.0―komjürùioceiofoėe jece `màt`ri`reêem ümfoiehie < p`r`notrohuii`mİin`ht`kİr. Cumi`r,

0) Êìİŗn` joreiene (\@),3) Êìİŗn` `hİnİ (E@),

6) Ĵioten keromfe (Sgm),

Hm. \(`) E(`) S(g) l(`) t(`) Um.

gll

` İŗn` ro `msİ @ ,

?) @màt`ri`n` z`n`mİ (t@),

<) @màt`r yümùkùr.

• Ĵkoì cer `màt`rk` ’eioten eê

keromfemem„ vo ’joêeŗ z`n`mİmİm„ sİlİr gin`sİmokomeyio eioten vo`màt`ri`n` h`yİpi`rİ sİlİrkİr.

N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE 0?

∝

\4@

∝

ℬ ∝ 4

Ê

ĴL

[

gm

4

\

∝

@

4

ℬ

Az s U

ÜM



E - JĴSĴŝ

• Noh`meh @màt`ri`r8• Noh`meh màt`ri`r, oiohtreh

kovroioreme hosnoh eêemhuii`mİi`m, `ke `màt`r, p`hg

ŗìtor vc. `màt`ri`rkİr.• Noh`meh màt`ri`r k`, eiotene

sİr`sİmk` ùzoremko aora`mje cerJereŗ

ŝohei-0.1

.

• Noh`meh màt`ri`r k` s`kofo3 kurunk` cuium`ceier.

0- Uìİtİn kurunu (h`pìİ-gll),

3- Ĵioten kurunu (`êİh-gm).

• Noh`meh màt`ri`r, kovroiorkojomoiiehio ên`-h`p`nòion`mİ gi`r`hhuii`mİin`ht`kİr.

N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE 0<

@màt`r`hİnİ (E@)

@màt`rjoreiene(\@)

A`rf`m`mjùê (T@)

gll gm gll gm

T@> \@ x E@

tgm tgll

T`



E - JĴSĴŝ

• Noh`meh màt`ri` eijeieümfoiehie p`r`notroior [ cig-0.3―ko ürmoh koėoriorhuii`mİi`r`h jüstoreineŗter.

• [ cig-0.3―kom jürùikùėù jece,noh`meh `màt`rk` ’eioten eêkeromfemem„ sİlİr gin`sİmokomeyio eioten h`yİpi`rİ k`

sİlİr gi`f`htİr.• Uemo [ cig-0.3―kom jürùikùėù

jece, noh`meh `màt`ri`rk`’lroh`ms„ vo ’ o e z`n`mİ„

Hm. \(`) E(`) S(g) l(`) t(`) Um.

gll

p`r`notroiore aİziİ `màt`ri`nèêem uyjum koėeiker.

• Tey`s`k` `màt`r, p`hg ŗìtor,ŗìtor, hosefe vc. esenior voreiom

noh`meh `màt`ri`r êoŗetiejoreieniorko, cerh`ê nporkomcerh`ê yùz `nporo h`k`rcuium`ceinohtoker.

N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE 0:

?44

\

4

@

∝

ℬ 4 0

Ĵ

L

[

gm

4

\

3?

@

4

ℬ

Az s U

Ü

M



E - JĴSĴŝ

• Oiohtrgnoh`meh @màt`ri`r8• Oiohtrgnoh`meh màt`ri`r,

oiohtreh kovroioreme hosnoh-koėeŗternoh eêem huii`mİi`m,

rüio, hgmt`htür, hosefe vc.`màt`ri`rkİr.

• Oiohtrgnoh`meh màt`ri`r k`.

0- Uìİtİn kurunu (h`pìİ-gll),3- Ĵioten kurunu (`êİh-gm).

• Oiohtrgnoh`meh màt`ri`r,kovroiorko jomoiiehio jùê

`màt`ri`n` vo gtgn`teh jùêhgmtrgi oion`mİ gi`r`hhuii`mİin`ht`kİr (ŝohei-0.5).


@màt`r`hİnİ (E@)

@màt`rjoreiene(\@)

(H`ym`h)

A`rf`m`mjùê (T@)

gll gm gll gm

T`> \` x E`

tgm tgll

T`



E - JĴSĴŝ

• Oiohtrgnoh`meh màt`ri` eijeieümfoiehie p`r`notroior [ cig-0.6―ko ürmoh koėoriorhuii`mİi`r`h jüstoreineŗter.

• Oiohtrgnoh`meh màt`rk`hgmt`hi`rİm tonez gin`sİkurunumk` ’eioten eê keromfe„sİlİr gin`sİ mokomeyio eioten

h`yİpi`rİ k` sİlİr gi`f`htİr.• Oiohtrgnoh`meh màt`ri rk`

k` ’lroh`ms„ vo ’joêeŗ z`n`mİ„`r`notroiore gikuh ` hütùkùr.

Hm. \(`) E(`) S(g) l(`) t(`) Um.

gll

Cu mokomio aİziİ `màt`ri`n`y`p`n`zi`r.

• Oiohtrgnoh`meh màt`rk` kàİziİ màt`ri`n` y`pİi`f`h

giurs`, ’joêeŗ z`n`mİmİm„ êghuzum gin`sİ mokomeyio eso`màt`ri`n` h`yİpi`rİ êghyùhsoh gi`f`htİr.


614

\

4

@

∝

ℬ 4 0

Ĵ

L

[

gm

4

\

<6

@

4

ℬ

Az s U

Ü

M



E - JĴSĴŝ

• U`rİeiothom (Vt`teh) @màt`ri`r8• U`rİeiothom màt`ri`r, oiohtreh-

oiohtrgmeh kovroiorko yùhsohaİziİ `màt`ri`n` eŗiore eêem

huii`mİi`m, [restür, [r`msestür,Ngslot vc. oion`mi`rkİr.

• U`rİeiothom `màt`ri`rİm poh

ŝohei-0.04

.

0- [ n yìİtİn kurunu,3- [ n eioten kurunu.

6- @r` (yùhsoitno) kurunu.

• Cu `màt`ri r, estomerso gm-gll`màt`r gi`r`h, estomerso koyùhsoitno oion`mİ gi`r`hhuii`mİi`ceinohtokerior.


gll gm gll gm

@màt`r`hİnİ (E`)

@màt`rjoreiene(\`)

(H`ym`h)

A`rf`m`mjùê (T`)

tgm tgll

Te

T`



E - JĴSĴŝ

• U`rİeiothom `màt`ri` eijeieümfoiehie p`r`notroior [ cig-0.;―ko ürmoh koėoriorhuii`mİi`r`h jüstoreineŗter.

• [ cig-0.;―kom jürùikùėù jece,y`rİeiothom màt`ri`rk`’lroh`ms„ vo ’joêeŗ z`n`mİ„p`r`notroiore êgh êgh eyeker. Cu

mokomio êgh aİziİ `màt`ri`n`y`pİi`ceinohtoker.

• L`h`t y`rİeiothom màt`rk`’eioten e keromfemem„ sİlİr

Hm. \(`) E(`) S(g) l(`) t(`) Um.

gll

[

gin`n`sİ mokomeyio eiotenh`yİpi`rİ keėorioremko gikuėujece sİlİr gi`n`y`f`htİr.

• Uemo cu màt`rk` ’joêeŗ

z`n`mİmİm„ êgh hİs` gin`sİmokomeyio aİziİ màt`ri`n`y`pİis` ceio `màt`ri`n`h`yİpi`rİ `z gi`f`htİr.


44

\

4

@

∝

ℬ 34 04

O

H

gm

3,0

\

034

@

4,43

ℬ

hAz ¿s U

Ü

M



E - JĴSĴŝ

• Jùê Oiohtrgmeėe KovroioremkoHuii`mİi`m @màt`r [ùrùA`mjeseker7

• Jùê oiohtrgmeėe kovroioremko

kà` ümfokom `êİhi`m`m jùêkümùŗùnù eŗioniorememy`pİi`ceinosemko huii`mİi`f`h`màt`ri`rİm, c`set cer kümù ùn

• Cu kurunk`, jùê kümùŗùnùeêem lroh`msi`rİ kùŗùh gi`mnoh`meh voy` oiohtrgnoh`meh`màt`ri`rİ huii`mn` enh`mİ

hosemiehio yghtur.• Jùê oiohtrgmeėe kovroioremko

jùê kümùŗùnù eêem, eiotenh` İ i`rİ ùhsoh gin`sİm`

eŗione eêem ceio êgh s`yİk``ên`-h`p`n` y`pn`sİjorohnohtoker.

• Ürmoėem8 c`set cer ŗocoho

kgėruitufu kovrosemko,keygti`r 0 s`meyo eêemko ?4 hoz`ên`-h`p`mn` y`pn`hzgrumk`kİri`r.

r`ėnom, êìİŗn` lroh`msi`rİyùhsoh vo joêeŗ z`n`mi`rİ êghhùêùh gi`m y`rİeiothom (st`teh)`màt`ri`r huii`mİin`ht`kİr.

• Noh`meh vo oiohtrgnoh`meh`màt`ri`r eso jùê kovroioremjereŗ vo êİhİŗi`rİmk` omorbevorno vo hosnoko huii`mİiİr.




E - JĴSĴŝ

• U`rİeiothom Jùê @màt`ri rİmİmHuii`mİnİ Vİr`sİmk` Kehh`tOkeinose Jorohom Hgmui`r8

• Noh`meh vo oiohtrgnoh`meh

`màt`ri`rİm huii`mİnİ sİr`sİmk``màt`rİm uyjum yoroyorioŗtereinose vo c`ėi`mtİi`rİmİm

• U`rİeiothom màt`rİm hgrumn`sİeêem ìİm`f`h ümionior8

0 ‖ Jùê `màt`rİmİm İsİijùvomieėemem s`ėi`mn`sİ.

3 ‖ Jùê `màt`rİmİm `me koėeŗomjoreieno h`rŗİ hgrumn`sİ.

6 ‖ Jùê `màt`rİmİm `me koėeŗom

okeinose jorohom cer ŗoy yghtur.• U`rİeiothom jùê `màt`ri`rİmk`

eso cu ehe hgmu kİŗİmk` `màt`rİmjùvomie gi`r`h êìİŗ`ceinose

(hgrumn`sİ) eêem cer t`hİneŗionior y`pİin`sİ (ümioniorìİmn`sİ) jorohnohtoker.

` İn` `rŗİ grumn`sİ İr.

• Uuh`rİk` coierteiom ümioniorìİmn`kİėİ t`hkerko jùê `màt`rİ

eŗeme estomkeėe jece y`p`n`y`f`hvo cgzui`f`htİr.




E - JĴSĴŝ

• U`rİeiothom Jùê @màt`rİmİm EsİiJùvomieėemem V`ėi`mn`sİ8

• U`rİeiothom jùê `màt`ri rİ,hùêùh ko gis` cer eioten keromfemo

sàep gikuhi`rİ eêem, eiotenkohìkİhi`rİ sùrofo ùzorioremko cerjùê a`rf`n`sİ gin`ht`kİr (E³xS).

• @yrİf` y`rİeiothom jùê

• U`rİeiothom jùê `màt`ri`rİmk`sİf`hiİh `rttİhê` porlgrn`mskùŗnohto vo coiie cer soveyokomsgmr` k` oion`m y`mn`ht`kİr.

• Cu giunsuz kurunum ümùmojoêoceinoh eêem oion`mùzoremko giuŗ`m İsİ omorbesememìİm`r`h k`ėİtİin`sİ

`màt`ri`rİ kovroiorko êghs`yİk` `ê-h`p` y`pİi`r`hêìİŗtİrİikİėİ eêem `màt`ri`n`sİr`sİmk` k` ùzorioremko jùêa`rf`n`sİ gin`ht`kİr.

• A`rf`m`m cu jùêior oion`mİmİsİmn`sİm` ygi `ên`ht`kİr.

joro no o r.

• Cu eŗ eêem uyjum cgyutt`’Ao`tsemh-Esİ onefe„ y`k` y`yjİmsüyiomeŗio ’Vgėutufu„ huii`mn`hjorohnohtoker.

• Vgėutufu gi`r`h, üzoi gi`r`hùroteineŗ y`pr`hiİ ìùnemyuniovaì`r huii`mİin`ht`kİr.






E - JĴSĴŝ

• U`rİeiothom Jùê @màt`rİmİm @meKoėeŗom @hİnk`m Hgrumn`sİ

• U`rİeiothom jùê màt`ri rİ,hrestìezo y`pİy` sàep gi`mseiesyun nìzonosehuii`mİi`r`h y`pİinİŗi`rkİr.

• Cu nìzonomem ùroten

• U`rİeiothom jùê `màt`ri`rİmİm,`me `hİn koėeŗehiehioremkoestomnokeėe aìko cgzui`r`haon homkesemem aon ko

kovrokohe keėor oion`mi`rİmz`r`r jürnoseme omjoiionoheêem ŝohei-0.03―ko jürùikùėù

’

sİr`sİmk` coieriomom cer `me`hİn t`ŗİn` aİzİcuiumn`ht`kİr.

• Ùrotefemem coierioneŗ gikuėu cu

aİz huii`mİfİ t`r`lİmk`m `ŗİikİėİt`hterko nìzonomem hrestìy`pİsİ k`ėİiİr vo oion`m y`m`r.

kovrose„ huii`mİin`ht`kİr.• Cu s`yoko hİnİm koėeŗen aİzİ

estomom soveyoyo kùŗùrùiùr.


E(`)

E(`)E(`) @ h İ n y

u n u ŗ ` t İ f İ



ÜKO\-0

0.0 - Jùê oiohtrgmeėe kovroioremem omorbe jereŗioreme hosnoh vocİr`hn`ht` huii`mİi`m, Noh`meh @màt`ri`rİm jomoi y`pİi`rİ, tùriore,ùrotefeiore, s tİŗ ley`ti`rİ vc. hgmui`rk` emtormot ùzoremko `r`ŗtİrn`y`p`r`h cer r`pgr a`zİri`yİmİz.

0.3 - Jùê oiohtrgmeėe kovroioremem omorbe jereŗioreme hosnoh vocİr`hn`ht` huii`mİi`m, Oiohtrgnoh`meh @màt`ri`rİm jomoi y`pİi`rİ,tùriore, ùrotefeiore, s`tİŗ ley`ti`rİ vc. hgmui`rk` emtormot ùzoremko`r`ŗtİrn` y`p`r`h cer r`pgr a`zİri`yİmİz.




Cüiùn-3

İ ê@màt`ri`rİ




EE - U@SEĴIO[HOM JÙÊ @M@A[@SI@SE

• Jereŗ8• Jùê oiohtrgmeėemem tonoi t`ŗi`rİ

vo `ėİr eŗêeiore gi`m U`rİeiothomJùê @màt`ri`rİ, üzoi c`zİ

oion`mi`r eio tonoi oiohtrgmehtohuii`mİi`m hi`seh oion`mi`rk`mc`zİi`rİmİm kà` yùhsoh `hİnvo oreieniorko ìİ `ceier aìo

• Cu cüiùnko y`rİeiothom jùê`màt`ri`rİmİm8

0) [onoi y`pİi`rİ vo êìİŗn`sİ,

3) [onoi tost kovroiore,

6) [onoi h`r`htoreseteh oėreiore,;) [onoi uy`rn` yümtoniore,

?) Êìİŗn` kìj` ŗoheiiore,

jotereinose voy` eatey`f` jüroyome c`zİ t`s`rİni`rİmy`pİin`sİyi grt`y`êİhnİŗi`rkİr.

• U`rİeiothom jùê `màt`ri`rİmİmtonoi nìzonose keėory`rİeiothom nìzonoiorko kogikuėu jece yemo Veiesyun―kur.

<) Vore vo p`rìoi c`ėi`mnì`rİ:) Hgrun` yümtoniore,

1) Jùêiore vo hİiİl y`pİi`rİ,

04) [onoi huii`mİn ì`mi`rİ,

vc. hgmui`r `yrİmtİsİyièmfoiomofoh vo cu oion`mi`ràùhnokeinose üėroteiofohter.





• U`rİeiothom Jùê @màt`ri`rİmİm[ùriore8

U`rİeiothom jùê `màt`ri`rİ 6tonoi jrup itİmk`

tgpi`mn`ht`kİr. Cumi`r,

0- Jùê Keygti`rİ2

6- Jùê [r`msestüriore2`) Êelt pgi`retoie tr`msestürior (CB[),

c) NGV tr`msestürior (NGVLO[),

f) Uìİtİinİŗ h`pİiİ tr`msest. (EJC[).

• U`rİeiothom jùê màt`ri`rİpey`s`y` 6 l`rhiİ hİiİl ŗohiemko

` omo `n`ê İ yg `r,

c) Aİziİ tgp`ri`m`m keygti`r,f) Vfagtthy keygti`r.

3- Jùê [restüriore2

`) Jomoi `n`êiİ trestürior (VFS),

c) Êelt yümiù trestürior ([SE@F),

f) H`pİsİmk`m tİh`m`ceiomtrestürior (J[G).

sumu nuŗ `r İr. um `r,

`) [oh oion`mi`r.c) Jùê ngkùiiore.

f) @hİiiİ ngkùiior.

• Hurui`f`h kovroyo voêìİŗİi`f`h gi`m jùfo jürouyjum hİiİliİ nìzono soêeier.





• JÙÊ KĴUG[I@SE2• Jùê keygti`rİ, hgmtrgisuz jùê

`màt`ri`rİkİr. Cu keygti`r8

0) Jomoi `n`êiİ (ŗocoho)

keygti`r,3) Aİziİ tgp`ri`m`m (aİziİ)keygti`r,

• 0) Jomoi @n`êiİ Keygti`r8• ŝohei-3.0―ko y`pİsİ jürùiom

jomoi `n`êiİ jùê keygti`rİmİmjomoi y`pİsİ vo êìİŗn`sİ tonoi

oiohtrgmehto huii`mİi`m keygti`ri``ymİkİr. Cu keygti`rk` k` mgrnìkeygti`rk` gikuėu jece, `mgktornemìe, h`tgk` üro 4,:\

f g y êg İz İ yg `r,

gin`h ùzoro 6 `yrİ tùrkocuiumn`ht`kİr, cu tùrioremhomkeioremo èt üzoiiehiore vocum` c`ėiİ gi`r`h k` huii`mİn

ì`mi`rİ cuiumn`ht`kİr. ŝenkecu tùriore `yrİmtİsİyiemfoioyoien.

kà` pgzetel gikuėumk` eiotenojoêor.


T

M

@mgk (@)

H`tgk (H)




• Ceiemkeėe jece keygkum yìİtİn`joêoceinose eêemso `mgk-h`tgk`r`sİmk`he pgt`mseyoi l`rhİmİm4,:\ ìtİm` emnose voy`

moj`telo kùŗnose yotorieker.• Keygt eiotenko gikuėumk` t`n

eioten, yìİtİnk` gikuėumk` esot`n ìİtİn kurunumk`

Jomoi `n`êiİ keygti`r kùŗùhlroh`mst` êìİŗnì`rİ mokomeyioêgh yùhsoh `hİn-joreieniorkohuii`mİi`ceierior (?h\-?h@ jece).

Jomoi `n`êiİ keygti`rİm omümonie üzoiiehioremkom cerese ko,joêeŗ z`n`mİmİm uzumgin`sİm` r` nom, eioten e

cuiumur, joêeŗ `mİ kİŗİmkàora`mje `r` kurunu yghtur.

• Jomoi n`êiİ keygti`rİm omümonie üzoiieėe kùŗùhlroh`msi`rk` êìİŗn`h eêem enìokeineŗ ginì`rİkİr (ekoìlroh`ms ?4-<4Az, n`x.lroh`ms2 0hAz).


keromfemem êgh kùŗùh gin`sİmokomeyio eioten h`yİpi`rİmİmêgh kùŗùh gin`sİkİr.

Cu üzoiiehiore eio jomoi `n`êiİkeygti`r ŗocoho joreienemkohgmtrgisuz `màt`r gi`r`hêìİŗ`ceiom êgh huii`mİŗiİy`rİeiothom oion`mi`rkİr.



EE ‖ U@SEĴIO[HOM JÙÊ @M@A[@SI@SE

• Keygkum [onoi [ost Kovrose voH`r`htoresteh Oėrese8

• @ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-3.3―ko keygkumtonoi h`r`htoresteh oėresemem

êİh`rİikİėİ tonoi tost kovrosejürùinohtoker.

• @ŗ`ėİk`he c`ėi`mtİ ŗohie eio

@ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-3.6―ko jomoi`n`êiİ keygkum tonoih`r`htoresteh oėreioremkom gi`m`hİn-joreien (E`-\`h) oėrese

jürùinohtoker.

E`Kgėru,

kovrokohe ’\s„ c`t`ry`sİ torsêovreioroh ko tors yümêìİŗn`sİ tost okeioceinohtoker.


-E`

-\`h \`h-\n`x.

4,:\

n`x.

\gm

(eiore) yüm

@+, H-

[ors(jore) yüm@-, H+






• Keygkum Êìİŗn` Kìj`ŝoheiiore8

• U`rİeiothom jùê `màt`ri`rİmİmêìİŗn` kuruni`rİmİm

jürùinose eêem `htel êìİŗn`sİr`sİmk`he `hİn-joreien kìj`ŗoheiiore emfoiomnoieker.

•

ŝohei-3.:―ko keygt kovrosemem @Fh`ym`ht` êìİŗn`sİ sİr`sİmk`hekìj` ŗoheiiore jürùinohtoker.

Jereŗ Joreiene

\n

\n

t

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

\(s)

pgi`rn`k` k`vr`mİŗi`rİ ŝohei-3.<―k`m jüziomoceier.


Êİhİŗ Joreiene

KeygtJoreiene

Keygt@hİnİ

En

t

t

t

014² 6<4² ?;4² :34²

(EM\)

\(`h)\(`h)

E(`)

\(SI)

E`

+ \(`h) -




• ŝohei-3.:―kom jürùikùėù jece 4-014² `rìİėİmk` keygt eiotenko (gm)giup, êİhİŗ joreiene jereŗ joreiene eio`ymİkİr. Cu sİr`k` keygt ùzoremkohejoreien sİlİr gi`f`htİr (eioten joreien

kùŗùnù eanì okeieygr), keygtùzoremkom joêom `hİn eso yùhoc`ėiİ giup, h`ym`h voy` yùh `hİnİeio `ymİkİr.

Keygti`rİm Vore C`ėi`mn`sİ8 Üzoiiehio yùhsoh joreien ìtİmk`

êìİŗtİrİi`f`h gi`m keygti`rk`keygkum ùzoremo joiom êgh yùhsohtors joreieniore cigho otnosejoroher.

Cu kurunk` ùrotefe t`r`lİmk`coierteiom keygkum êìİŗn` joreiene,

• 014²-6<4² `rìİėİmk` eso keygt torspgi`rn`k` gikuėu eêem yìİtİnk`kİr(gll). Cu kurunk` êİhİŗ joreienesİlİr, keygt ùzoremkohe joreienkùŗùnù eso h`ym`h joreiene eio

`ymİkİr (keygkum cigho otteėejoreien). Cu kurunk` keygtùzoremkom joêom `hİn, kgi`yİsİyi`k` kovro `hİnİ eso sİlİrkİr.


tors joreienkom om `z %64 kà`l`zi` gin`sİ jorohnohtoker hes`ėiİhiİ cer êìİŗn` s`ėi`m`ceisem.

_yjui`n` sİr`sİmk` novfutkeygti`rİm cu ŗ`rtİ s`ėi`y`n`n`sİ

kurunumk` keygti`rİm sorec`ėi`n` ygium` jekeier. Cu s`yokoestomeiom êìİŗn` joreienemoui`ŗİi`ceier.




• @ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-3.1―kokeygti`rİm sore c`ėi`m`r`hêìİŗn` joreienemem `rttİrİin`sİjürùinohtoker. Joreien8

\K> \K0 + \K3 + \K6 giur.

ŝohei-3.1―kom jürùikùėù jeceyùhsoh joreienko êìİŗn`jorohteėemko keygti`r sorec`ėi`m`r`h cu joreien koėore oikookeioceinohtoker. Cur`k`8

\K ≯ (\n`x.+ %64) gi`f`h ŗoheikosore c`ėi`m`f`h gi`m keygt s`yİsİcoieriomoceinohtoker.

K0S0


,

êgh estomom cer uyjui`n` koėeiker.Êùmhù sore c`ėi`n` s`yosemkok`y`mn` joreiene `rt`r l`h`t cum`c`ėiİ gi`r`h `màt`rİm eioten eêkeromfe ko yùhsoier. Cu k`

h`yİpi`rİm `rtn`sİ `mi`nİm` joier. @yrİf` keygti`r tors joreiene oŗet

p`yi`ŗ`n`y`f`ėİ eêem p`rìoikeromêior huii`mİin`sİ joroher.

@F

Uùh

\sK3

K6

\K3

\K6

S3

S6

Ù




• Keygti`rİm T`rìoi C`ėi`mn`sİ8• Üzoiiehio yùhsoh `hİn ìtİmk`

êìİŗtİrİi`f`h gi`m keygti`rk`keygkum ùzoremkom joênosejorohom êgh yùhsoh soveyoie `hİnİjoêeroceinose joroher.

• Cu kurunk` ùrotefe t`r`lİmk`coierteiom keygkum êìİŗn` `hİnİ,

@ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-3.5―k` keygti`rİmp`rìoi c`ėi`m`r`h êìİŗn` `hİnİ`rttİrİin`sİ jürùinohtoker.

Cur`k` tgpi`n `hİn8

E@> E@0 + E@3 + E@6 gi`f`htİr.

E@ E@0 E@3 E@6

gi`m `hİnk`m om `z %64 kà`l`zi` gin`sİ jorohnohtoker hes`ėiİhiİ cer êìİŗn` s`ėi`m`ceisem.

• _yjui`n` sİr`sİmk` novfutkeygti`rİm cu ŗ`rtİ s`ėi`y`n`n`sİ

kurunumk` keygti`rİm p`rìoic`ėi`n` ygium` jekeier. Cu s`yokoestomeiom êìİŗn` `hİnİmùi`ŗİi`ceier.


@F

Uùh

\s K0 K3 K6

S0 S3 S6

Ĵ Ù




• ŝohei-3.5―k`m jürùikùėù jeceyùhsoh `hİnk` êìİŗn`jorohteėemko keygti`r p`rìoic`ėi`m`r`h cu `hİn koėore oikookeioceinohtoker. Cur`k`8

EK ≯ (En`x.+ %64) gi`f`h ŗoheikop`rìoi c`ėi`m`f`h gi`m keygts`yİsİ coieriomoceinohtoker.

Keygti`rk` kv/kt Hgrun`sİmİmV`ėi`mn`sİ8

U`rİeiothom nìzono, `me joreienkoėeŗenemko estomnoyom

k`vr`mİŗi`r jüstoroceinohtoker. Jùê keygti`rİmk`, keygt ùzoremkohe

tors joreien êgh hİs` sùroko êgh`me gi`r`h koėor koėeŗterofoh

,

c`ėi`mn`sİ êgh estomom ceruyjui`n` koėeiker. Êùmhù p`rìoic`ėi`n` s`yosemko k`y`mn``hİnİ `rt`r l`h`t, keygti`r eiotenkeromêioremem oŗet gin`n`sİ

mokomeyio, ùzorioremkom joêofoh`hİnİ oŗet p`yi`ŗ`n`y`f`ėİ eêemsore keromêior huii`mİin`sİ joroher.Cu k` `yrİf` h`yİp `mi`nİm` joier.


-

cer hgmk`ms`tür jece k`vr`m`r`hestomnoyom `hİni`rİm `hn`sİm`mokom gi`ceinohto cu kòion`mk` voy` kovroko a`s`ri`rgiuŗtur`ceinohtoker.

Cu gi`yİm sİmİri`rİ ùrotefet`r`lİmk`m coierteinohto giuphuii`mİfİ cum` jüro uyjum ümionìn`h zgrumk`kİr.

Ĵ Ù




• @ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-3.04―k` ùrotefet`r`lİmk`m voreiom, keygkumürmoh kv/kt h`r`htoresteh oėresevo keygkum cu gi`yk`m

otheiomnoseme ümionoh eêemìİm`m ümion jürùinohtoker.

• Cur`k` ürmoh kv/kt2 ?44\/ ¿s

ŝohei-3.04―k`m jürùikùėù jece, êgh`me gi`r`h tors joreien ìtİmk`hìn` reshe gi`m K3 keygkumump`rìoiemo, gmu cu `me torsjoreienem cgzufu othesemkom

hgrun`h eêem cer S-F kovroseyorioŗtereineŗter.

Cu s`yoko keygt ùzoremo joiom `meoreien unu `tİi`r`h h`r`htoresteh


oėrekohe ?44\/ ¿s sİmİrİmİm ìtİmèmkereinohto vo keygtt` giuŗ`f`hgi`m tors `hİn (tors tgp`ri`mn`)omjoiiomneŗ gin`ht`kİr.

Cur`k` S-F kovrose8

[ > S.F

z`n`m s`cetosemo jüro estomeiomgr`mk` yunuŗ`tn` y`pn`ht`kİr.

4

?44\

0¿s

t(¿s)

\s

VZ K0

kv/kteêem

K3

Uùh

EE U@SEĴIO[HOM JÙÊ @M@A[@SI@SE




• Keygti`rk` ke/kt Hgrun`sİmİmV`ėi`mn`sİ8

• U`rİeiothom n izono, me hİnkoėeŗenemko estomnoyom k`vr`mİŗi`rjüstoroceinohtoker.

• Jùê keygti`rİmk`, keygt ùzoremkomjoêom `hİn êgh hİs` sùroko êgh `megi`r`h koėor koėeŗterofoh giurs``rİeiothom T-M n`kkosemem hrestì

@ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-3.00―ko ùrotefet`r`lİmk`m voreiom, keygkum ürmohke/kt h`r`htoresteh oėrese vo keygkumcu gi`yk`m otheiomnoseme ümionoheêem ìİm`m ümion jürùinohtoker.

Cur`k` ürmoh ke/kt2 ?4@/ ¿s

?4@ y`pİsİ k`ėİi`r`h estomnoyom`hİni`rİm `hn`sİm` mokomgi`ceinohto cu k` oion`mİm hİs`kovro gin`sİ vo kovroko a`s`ri`rgiuŗn`sİ `mi`nİm` joinohtoker.

• Cu gi`yİm sİmİri`rİ ùrotefe t`r`lİmk`moion`mİm ke/kt oėrese gi`r`hcoierteinohto giup huii`mİfİ cum`jüro uyjum ümion ìn`hzgrumk`kİr.


4 0¿s

t(¿s)

\s

VZK0

I (ke/kt eêem)

K3

UùhS-F

(kv/kt eêem)





• ŝohei-3.00―kom jürùikùėù jece, êgh`me gi`r`h yùhsoh `hİn ìtİmk`hìn` reshe gi`m K0 keygkum` soregi`r`h, gmu cu `me yùhsoh `hİnİmcgzufu othesemkom hgrun`h eêem cer

’I„ omkùht`msİ yorioŗtereineŗter.• Cu s`yoko keygt ùzoremkom

joênoh estoyom `me yùhsoh `hİnunu `tİi`r`h h`r`htoresteh

kv/kt vo ke/kt ümionioreme aorz`n`m huii`mn`h jorohie koėeiker.@mf`h yùhsoh jùêto `me yùhsohjoreieno voy` `me yùhsoh `hİn`n`ruz hìn` reshe v`rs`

huii`mİin`sİ jorohnohtoker. Keygti`rİm sore vo p`rìoi

c`ėi`mnì`rİ sİr`sİmk` k` `meoreien vo `hİn reshe cuiumku u

oėrekohe ?4@/ ¿s sİmİrİmİm ìtİmèmkereinohto vo keygtt` giuŗ`f`hgi`m hrestì k`ėİin`sİ (y`mn`)omjoiiomneŗ gin`ht`kİr.

• Cur`k` I (I-S) kovrose8

[ > I / Sz`n`m s`cetosemo jüro estomeiomgr`mk` yunuŗ`tn` y`pn`ht`kİr.


t`hterko kv/kt vo ke/kt ümioniorememìİmn`sİ jorohnohtoker.

Cu kurunk` jorohie yunuŗ`tn`yİs`ėi`n`h eêem, sore c`ėi`n`sİr`sİmk` aor cer sore keygk`

p`rìoi gi`r`h S-F kovrose, voy`p`rìoi c`ėi`n` sİr`sİmk` aor cerp`rìoi keygk` sore gi`r`h ’I„oion`mİ yorioŗtereinoieker.





@ŗ`ėİk` jomoi `n`êiİ cer keygkum ceije y`pr`ėİ (k`t`saoot) jürùinohtoker.






• Aİziİ [gp`ri`m`m Keygt8• Aİziİ tgp`ri m`m jùê keygti`rİmİm

jomoi y`pİsİ vo êìİŗn`sİ k`ŝohei-3.03―ko jürùikùėù jece

tonoi oiohtrgmehto huii`mİi`mkeygti`ri` t`n`nom `ymİkİr. Cukeygti`rk` k` mgrnì keygti`rk`gikuėu jece, `mgk tornemìemo,

• Aİziİ tgp`ri m`m (aİziİ) keygti`rk`,jomoi êìİŗn` eihoiore, tonoih`r`htoresteh oėreior, torstgp`ri`mn`, êìİŗn` kìj`ŗoheiiore, sore vo p`rìoic`ėi`mnì`rİ, `me `hİn vo joreienk`vr`mİŗi`rİ vo hgrumnì`rİ jomoi`n`êiİ keygti`rk`he jeceker.

` g ` j ro , ` ` pgz

joreien joikeėemko oion`mhomkeieėemkom eioteno joêor.

• Aİziİ keygti`rİm joêeŗ z`n`mi`rİ 6-

?¿s jece êgh hİs`, kgi`yİsİyi` k`êìİŗn` lroh`msi`rİmİm 0?4-344hAz jece yùhsoh gin`sİkİr. 3-6h\, 344-644@ jece koėorioro

h`k`r cuium`ceiom cu keygti`r KF-KF vo KF-@F kümùŗtùrùfùiorkovo yùhsoh lroh`msiİ uyjui`nì`rk`huii`mİin`ht`kİri`r.


TM

@mgk (@)

H`tgk (H)





@ŗ`ėİk` aİziİ tgp`ri`m`m cer keygkum ceije y`pr`ėİ (k`t`saoot) jürùinohtoker.






Vfagtthy Keygt, [onoi U`pİsİvo Êìİŗn`sİ8• Vfagtthy jùê keygti`rİmİm jomoi

y`pİsİ, tonoi oiohtrgmehtohuii`mİi`m keygti`rk`m gikuhê`l`rhiİkİr. Cu keygti`rk` ŝohei-3.06―ko jürùikùėù jece mgrnìkeygti`rk` gikuėu jece T-M

• Vfagtthy keygti`rk` M-Not icerioŗene huii`mİin`sİ s`yosemkoêgh kùŗùh joêeŗ z`n`mİkgi`yİsİyi` k` êgh yùhsoh êìİŗn`lroh`msİ oiko okeinohio cor`cor,

M-Notì cerioŗenemem torspgi`rn`k` sİzİmtİ `hİn soveyosememgikuhê` yùhsoh gin`sİ om ümoniekoz`v`mt`bi`rİkİr. ,

gin`sİ eêem M-Notì cerioŗenehuii`mİinİŗtİr.• Cu keygti`rİm kà` êgh kùŗùh

joreien yùhsoh `hİniİ kümùŗtùrùfùkovroioremko `màt`r gi`r`h vomgrnì jùê kovroioremko hgrunòion`mİ gi`r`h huii`mİni`rİ

y`yjİmkİr.• Êìİŗn` joreieniore 044\ fev`rİmk`êìİŗn` `hİni`rİ eso 3?4-644@soveyoioremo h`k`r êİhn`ht`kİr.


Notì

M

@mgk (@)

H`tgk (H)





@ŗ`ėİk` cer Vfagtthy keygkum ceije y`pr`ėİ (k`t`saoot) jürùinohtoker.






• Jùê [restüriore8• Jùê trestüriore, hgmtrgiiu jùê`màt`ri`rİkİr. Cu trestürior80- Jomoi n`êiİ trestürior(VFS),3- Êelt yümiù trestürior ([SE@F),6- H`pİsİmk`m tİh`m`ceiomtrestürior (J[G),

• 0- Jomoi @n`êiİ [restür (VFS),[onoi U`pİsİ vo Êìİŗn`sİ2

• Jomoi `n`êiİ jùê trestürioreme’jomoi `n`êiİ keygkum hgmtrgiiuvorseygmu„ gi`r`h t`mİni`n`h

nùnhùmkùr. ŝohei-3.0;―ko jürùiomcu trestürior mgrnì keygti`rk`gikuėu jece homkeieėemkom eioteno

o nozior `mf`h cer u `rİgin`h ùzoro 6 `yrİ tùrkocuiumn`ht`kİr.

• Cu tùriorem homkeioremo ètüzoiiehiore vo cum` c`ėiİ gi`r`h

k` huii`mİn ì`mi`rİcuiumn`ht`kİr. ŝenke cu tùriore`yrİmtİsİyi` emfoioyoien.

ìkİhi`rİmk` eioteno joêorior.


@mgk (@)

H`tgk (H)

T

M

T

M

(J)J`to (h`pİ)





• [restürùm (VFS) yìİtİn`joêoceinose eêem eêemkomjoênohto gi`m `hİnİm sİlİr`kùŗnose voy` kùŗùrùinose

jorohnohtoker.• [restür eiotenko gikuėumk` t`neioten, yìİtİnk` gikuėumk` esot`n ìİtİn kurunumk`

Jomoi `n`êiİ trestürior kùŗùhlroh`mst` êìİŗnì`rİ mokomeyioyùhsoh `hİn vo joreieniorkohuii`mİi`ceierior (?h\-?h@ jece).

Jomoi `n`êiİ trestüriorem omümonie üzoiiehioremkom cerese ko,joêeŗ z`n`mİmİm uzumgin`sİm` r` nom, eioten e

cuiumur, joêeŗ `mİ kİŗİmkàora`mje cer `r` kurunuyghtur.

• Jomoi n`êiİ trestüriorem omümonie üzoiieėe kùŗùh

lroh`msi`rk` êìİŗn`h eêem enìokeineŗ ginì`rİkİr (ekoìlroh`ms ?4-<4Az, n`x.0hAz).


keromfemem êgh kùŗùh gin`sİmokomeyio eioten h`yİpi`rİmİmêgh kùŗùh gin`sİkİr.

Cu üzoiiehiore eio jomoi `n`êiİtrestürior, ŗocoho joreienemko

hgmtrgiiu `màt`r gi`r`hêìİŗ`ceiom vo y`yjİm huii`mİi`my`rİeiothom oion`mi`rkİr.





• Jomoi @n`êiİ [restürùm (VFS)Êìİŗtİrİin`sİ8

• @ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-3.0?―ko jomoi`n`êiİ trestürùm êìİŗtİrİin`sİy`rİeiothom y`pİ ùzoremko

jürùinohtoker. Cur`k` \V h`ym`ėİyùhù cosionohio jürovie gi`m `m`h`ym`htİr, \J eso trestürù uy`rn`he em huii`mİi`m h` m`htİr.

Kovroko cutgm` c`sİin`kİėİsùrofo trestür, kgėru yümkocigh`b (yìİtİn) kurunumk`hì`f`htİr. [restürù eioteno

joêeroceinoh eêem cutgm`c`sİikİėİmk` trestürùm J-Htornemìiore `r`sİmk`m êgh hİs`cer sùro eêem EJH `hİnİ kgi`ŗİr.


Cu kurunk` J-H `r`sİmk`he T-M n`kkoiore eiothom aìemo joiervo @-H `r`sİmk` s`kofo toh T-M cerioŗene hì`f`ėİ eêem trestüreioten ’gm„ kurunum` joêor vo

yùh ùzoremkom E@ `hİnİ `h`r. [restür kf―ko eioteno joêteėemko

`rtİh uy`rn` jorohternoz.

T

M

TM

EJH

\J

\VE@Cutgm

Uùh

Sj





• [restürùm Oŗkoėor Kovrose8• ŝohei-3.0<―k` trestürùm

êìİŗn`sİmİ l`rhiİ cer ŗoheiko`êİhi`n`h eêem huii`mİin`ht`

gi`m tr`msestüriù oŗkoėorkovrose jürùinohitoker.

• Kovrokohe tr`msestürior T-M

Oŗkoėor kovroyo jüro, J-Htornemìiore r`sİm` c`ėi`m`mcer h`ym`h y`rkİnİyi` EJH `hİnİ`hİtİikİėİmk` P3 eioteno joêor

vo P0

―em c`z `hİnİmİs`ėi`y`r`h, EJH hoseiso koP3―mem eiotenko hìn`sİmİs`ėi`r. Cüyioiehio `m` cosiono,

eso h`ê`h h`p`setoiorker.


h`ym`ėİmk`m êoheiom E@ `hİnİ

`hn`y` c`ŗi`r, y`me trestürt`n`nom eioteno joêneŗ giur.

F0,3,6 hgmk`ms`türiore eso T-Mcerioŗeniore r`sİmk`he

cgŗiuht`m h`ym`hi`m`mh`p`setoiore el`ko otnohto giuptrestürùm hgmtrgisuz eiotenojoênosemo mokom giur.

@

J

H

E@

P0

P3

F0

F3

F6EJH





• [restürùm (VFS) [onoi [ostKovrose vo H`r`htoresteh Oėrese8• @ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-3.0:―ko jomoi

`n`êiİ trestürùm tonoih`r`htoresteh oėresemem

êİh`rİikİėİ tonoi tost kovrosejürùinohtoker.

• @ŗ`ėİk`he c`ėi`mtİ ŗohie eio―

@ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei3.01―ko jomoi`n`êiİ trestürùm (VFS) tonoih`r`htoresteh oėreioremkom hİn-joreien (E`-\`h) oėrese (êİhİŗ

h`r`htoresteh oėrese)jürùinohtoker.

E` ,

kovrokohe ’\s

„ c`t`ry`sİ torsêovreioroh ko tors yümêìİŗn`sİ tost okeioceinohtoker.


-E`

-\`h

+\n`x

-\n`x.

En`x.

(eiore) yüm

@+, H-

[ors(jore) yüm

@-, H+_y`rn`y`pİiİrs`

\`h





• H`r`htoresteh oėrekom jürùikùėùjece keygt, kgėru yümko 4,:\―k`msgmr` homkeieėemkom eiotenojoêorhom, VFS `mf`h \n`x.

joreienemo ui`ŗİikİėİmk`homkeieėemkom eioteno joênohtoker.

• Cu ŗoheiko eioteno joênoestomnoyom cer kurunkur. VFS―memmgrnì gi`r`h eioteno joêoceinosee em u `rİin`sİ orohnohtoker.

Cu kurunk`, jomoi `n`êiİtrestürùm8 kgėru yümiù (@+, H-)joreienko uy`rİin`z eso cigh`by`p`m, uy`rİikİėİ t`hterko eso t`neioteno joêom, kgėru yümiù joreien

ìtİmk` hgmtrgi okeioceiom, torsyümiù (@-, H+) joreienko eso t`nyìİtİnk` hì`m cer y`rİeiothom jùê`màt`rİ gikuėu jürùinohtoker.

• VFS―mem uy`rİin`sİ J-Htornemìiore `r`sİmk`m y`pİiİr.

• [ors yümko eso \n`x. joreienkoėoremo h`k`r yemo VFS jùvomioyìİtİnk` hì`f`h (cigh`by`p`f`h), cu koėor `ŗİiİrs` esoeioteno joêoroh y`m`f`htİr. [restürùzoremo joiofoh gi`m tors joreienkoėore, t`n`nom \V h`ym`hjoreien koėoremo c`ėiİkİr.


Jomoi `n`êiİ trestür (VFS), cuüzoiiehioreyio aon @F, aon koKF―ko êìİŗtİrİi`ceinohtoker.

VFS―mem c`zİ kuruni rk` sİhİmtİy`ygi `ê`m üzoiieėe eso, kgėru yümko

eioteno joêereikehtom sgmr`, ùzoremojoiom joreien kgėru k` gis` tors kogis`, `mf`h eêemkom joêom `hİnsİlİr` kùŗùmfo yìİtİn`joênoseker.





• [restürùm Êìİŗn` Kìj`ŝoheiiore8

• Jùê `màt`ri`rİmİm êìİŗn`kuruni`rİmİm jürùinose eêem

`htel êìİŗn` sİr`sİmk`he `hİn-joreien kìj` ŗoheiioremememfoiomnose jorohnohtoker.[restürùm kg ru vo tors

ŝohei-3.34―ko trestürùm kovrosemem@F h`ym`ht` êìİŗn`sİ sİr`sİmk`hekìj` ŗoheiiore jürùinohtoker.

Jereŗ J.(\s)

\n

4

\n

t

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

pgi`rn`k` k`vr`mİŗi`rİemfoioyoceinoh eêem ŝohei-3.05―k`he c`ėi`mtİ y`pİi`ceier.


E`

+ \(`h) -

Êİhİŗ J.(SI)

[restür@hİnİ

[restürJoreiene

4

En

4

4

t

t

t

014² 6<4² ?;4² :34²




Ê

• ŝohei-3.34―kom jürùikùėù jece 4-014² `rìİėİmk` trestür estomersouy`rİi`r`h eioteno (gm) joêereioceier,êİhİŗ joreiene trestürùm eiotenojoênosemkom etec`rom jürùmnoyo

c`ŗi`r. Cu sİr`k` trestür ùzoremkohejoreien sİlİr (eioten joreien kùŗùnùean i okeieygr), trestür ùzoremkomjoêom `hİn eso h`ym`h voy` yùh

[restüriorem Vore C`ėi`mn`sİ8 Üzoiiehio yùhsoh joreien ìtİmk`

êìİŗtİrİi`f`h gi`m trestüriorkotrestürùm ùzoremo joiom êgh yùhsohkgėru vo tors joreieniore cigho

otnose joroher. Cu kurunk` ùrotefe t`r`lİmk`

coierteiom trestürùm êìİŗn` joreiene,

`hİnİ eio `ymİkİr.

• 014²-6<4² `rìİėİmk` eso trestürtors pgi`rn`k` gikuėu eêemyìİtİnk`kİr (gll). Cu kurunk`êİhİŗ joreiene sİlİr, trestür ùzoremkohejoreien kùŗùnù eso h`ym`h joreieneeio `ymİkİr (trestürùm cigho otteėejoreien). Cu kurunk` trestürùzoremkom joêom `hİn, kgi`yİsİyi`k` kovro `hİnİ eso sİlİrkİr.


joreienkom om `z %64 kà` l`zi`gin`sİ jorohnohtoker he s`ėiİhiİ cerêìİŗn` s`ėi`m`ceisem.

_yjui`n` sİr`sİmk` novfuttrestüriorem cu ŗ`rtİ s`ėi`y`n`n`sİ

kurunumk` trestüriorem sorec`ėi`n` ygium` jekeier. Cu s`yokoestomeiom êìİŗn` joreienemoui`ŗİi`ceier.




Ê

• @ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-3.30―kotrestüriorem sore c`ėi`m`r`hêìİŗn` joreienemem `rttİrİin`sİjürùinohtoker. Cur`k` joreien8

\[> \[0 + \[3 + \[6 giur.

ŝohei-60―kom jürùikùėù jeceyùhsoh joreienko êìİŗn`jorohteėemko trestürior sorec`ėi`m`r`h cu joreien koėore oikookeioceinohtoker. Cur`k`8

\[ ≯ (\n`x.+ %64) gi`f`h ŗoheikosore c`ėi`m`f`h gi`m trestür s`yİsİcoieriomoceinohtoker.

[0S0


,

êgh estomom cer uyjui`n` koėeiker.Êùmhù sore c`ėi`n` s`yosemkok`y`mn` joreiene `rt`r l`h`t cum`c`ėiİ gi`r`h `màt`rİm eioten eêkeromfe ko yùhsoier. Cu k`

h`yİpi`rİm `rtn`sİ `mi`nİm` joier. @yrİf` trestüriorem aopsemem `ymİ

`mk` vo cerceremkom yìİtİi`r`huy`rİin`sİ jorohofohter.

@F

Uùh

\s[3

[6

\[3

\[6

S3

S6




Ê

• [restüriorem T`rìoiC`ėi`mn`sİ8• Üzoiiehio yùhsoh `hİn ìtİmk`

êìİŗtİrİi`f`h gi`m trestüriorko,

trestürùm ùzoremkom joênosejorohom êgh yùhsoh soveyoie`hİn` k`y`m`ceinose joroher.

• Cu kurunk` ùrotefe t`r`lİmk`

@ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-3.33―ko trestürioremp`rìoi c`ėi`m`r`h êìİŗn` `hİnİ`rttİrİin`sİ kovrose jürùinohtoker.

Cur`k` tgpi`n `hİn8

E@> E@0 + E@3 + E@6

E@ E@0 E@3 E@6

coierteiom trestürùm êìİŗn` `hİnİ,

uyjui`n`k` ùzoremkom joêofohgi`m `hİnk`m om `z %64 kà`l`zi` gin`sİ jorohnohtoker.

• _yjui`n` sİr`sİmk` novfuttrestüriorem cu ŗ`rtİ s`ėi`y`n`kurunumk` trestüriorem p`r ioic`ėi`n` ygium` jekeier. Cu s`yokoestomeiom êìİŗn` `hİnİmùi`ŗİi`ceier.


@F

Uùh

\s [0 [3 [6

S0 S3 S6




Ê

• ŝohei-3.33―kom jürùikùėù jeceyùhsoh `hİnk` êìİŗn`jorohteėemko trestürior p`rìoic`ėi`m`r`h cu `hİn koėore oikookeioceinohtoker. Cur`k`8

E[ ≯ (En`x.+ %64) gi`f`h ŗoheikop`rìoi c`ėi`m`f`h gi`m trestürs`yİsİ coieriomoceinohtoker.

[restüriorko kv/kt hgrun`sİmİms`ėi`mn`sİ8 U`rİeiothom nìzono, `me joreien

koėeŗenemko estomnoyomk`vr`mİŗi`r jüstoroceinohtoker.

Jùê trestürioremko, trestürùzoremkohe joreien êgh hİs` sùrokoêgh `me gi`r`h koėor koėeŗterofoh

,

c`ėi`mn`sİ êgh estomom ceruyjui`n` koėeiker. Êùmhù p`rìoic`ėi`n` s`yosemko k`y`mn``hİnİ `rt`r l`h`t, trestüriorem eiotenkeromêioremem oŗet gin`n`sİ

mokomeyio, ùzorioremkom joêofoh`hİnİ oŗet p`yi`ŗ`n`y`f`ėİ eêemsore keromêior huii`mİin`sİ joroher.@yrİf` `yrİ `yrİ uy`rİinìİkİri`r.


-

cer hgmk`ms`tür jece k`vr`m`r`hestomnoyom `hİni`rİm `hn`sİm`vo eioteno mokom gi`ceinohto cuk` oion`mk` voy` kovrokoa`s`ri`r giuŗtur`ceinohtoker.

Cu gi`yİm sİmİri`rİ ùrotefet`r`lİmk`m coierteinohto giuphuii`mİfİ cum` jüro uyjum ümionìn`h zgrumk`kİr.




• @ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-3.36―ko ùrotefet`r`lİmk`m voreiom, trestürùmürmoh kv/kt h`r`htoresteh oėresevo trestürùm cu gi`yk`motheiomnoseme ümionoh eêemìİm`m ümion jürùinohtoker.

• Cur`k` ürmoh kv/kt2 ?44\/ ¿s

ŝohei-3.36―kom jürùikùėù jece, êgh`me gi`r`h kgėru voy` tors joreienìtİmk` hìn` reshe gi`m [trestürùmùm p`r ioiemo, gmu cu mejoreienem cgzufu othesemkom

hgrun`h eêem cer S-F kovroseyorioŗtereineŗter.

Cu s`yoko trestür ùzoremo joiom`me oreien unu `tİi`r`h


h`r`htoresteh oėrekohe ?44\/ ¿s

sİmİrİmİm ìtİm` emkereinohto voestomnoyom hgmtrgi kİŗİ eioten(`hİn) omjoiiomneŗ gin`ht`kİr.

Cur`k` S-F kovrose8

[ > S.F


4

?44\

0¿s

t(¿s)

\V

kv/kt eêemSI

[V




• [restüriorko ke/kt hgrun`sİmİms`ėi`mn`sİ8• Jùê trestürioremko, trestür

ùzoremkom joêom `hİn êgh hİs`sùroko êgh `me gi`r`h koėor

koėeŗterofoh giurs` y`rİeiothomT-M n`kkosemem hrestì y`pİsİk`ėİi`r`h estomnoyom`hİni`rİm hn`sİm` mokom

@ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-3.3;―ko ùrotefet`r`lİmk`m voreiom, trestürùm ürmohke/kt h`r`htoresteh oėrese votrestürùm cu gi yk`m hgrumn`sİjürùinohtoker.

Cur`k` ürmoh ke/kt2 ?4@/ ¿s―ker.

?4@

gi`ceinohto cu k` oion`mİmhİs` kovro gin`sİ vo kovrokoa`s`ri`r giuŗn`sİ mi`nİm`joinohtoker.

• Cu gi`yİm sİmİri`rİ ùrotefe

t`r`lİmk`m oion`mİm ke/kt oėresegi`r`h coierteinohto giuphuii`mİfİ uyjum ümion ìn`hzgrumk`kİr.


4 0¿st(¿s)

\s

VZ[0

I (ke/kt eêem)

K0 UùhS-F(kv/kteêem)




• ŝohei-3.3;―kom jürùikùėù jece, êgh`me gi`r`h yùhsoh `hİn ìtİmk`hìn` reshe gi`m [0 trestürùmo soregi`r`h, gmu cu `me yùhsoh `hİnİmcgzufu othesemkom hgrun`h eêem cer

’I„ omkùht`msİ yorioŗtereineŗter.• Cu s`yoko trestür ùzoremkom

joênoh estoyom `me yùhsoh `hİnunu `tİi`r`h h`r`htoresteh

kv/kt vo ke/kt ümionioreme aorz`n`m huii`mn`h jorohie koėeiker.@mf`h yùhsoh jùêto `me yùhsohjoreieno voy` `me yùhsoh `hİn`n`ruz hìn` reshe v`rs`

huii`mİin`sİ jorohnohtoker. [restüriorem sore vo p`rìoi

c`ėi`mnì`rİ sİr`sİmk` k` `meoreien vo `hİn reshe cuiumku u

oėrekohe ?4@/ ¿s sİmİrİmİm ìtİm`

emkereinohto vo trestürko giuŗ`f`hgi`m hrestì k`ėİin`sİ (y`mn`)omjoiiomneŗ gin`ht`kİr.

• Cur`k` I (I-S) kovrose8

[ > I / S



t`hterko kv/kt vo ke/kt ümionioremem

ìİmn`sİ jorohnohtoker. Cu kurunk` jorohie yunuŗ`tn`yİ

s`ėi`n`h eêem, sore c`ėi`n`sİr`sİmk` aor cer sore trestüro

p`rìoi gi`r`h S-F kovrose, voy`p`rìoi c`ėi`n` sİr`sİmk` aor cerp`rìoi trestüro sore gi`r`h ’I„oion`mİ yorioŗtereinoieker.




• [restürùm (VFS) Hgmtrgi KİŗİĴioteno Joênose8

• Ceiemkeėe jece trestürioremhgmtrgiiu gi`r`h eioteno

joêereinose eêem J-H `r`sİmk`mhİs` sùroie cer `hİn`hİtn`ht`kİr. Cu kurunk`trestür ’gll„ hgmunk`m ’gm„

[restüriorem hgmtrgi kİŗİ gi`r`heioteno joênosemo, kgi`yİsİyi`k` cgzuin`sİm` mokom gi`m ;kurun v`rkİr. Cu kuruni`r8

0) Uùhsoh sİf`hiİh,3) Uùhsoh vgit`b,

6) Aİziİ joreien koėeŗene,

hgmun` joênohtoker.

• C`zİ kuruni`rk` eso trestürestomnokeėe aìko hgmtrgi kİŗİgi`r`h eioteno joêoceinohto voaon homkesemem, aon yùhùm

aon ko otr`lİmk`he oion`mi`rİmtàrep gin`sİm` mokomgin`ht`kİr.


.

0- Uùhsoh sİf`hiİhi` eioten8[restür, êìİŗn`sİ sİr`sİmkèioten vo `màt`ri`n` h`yİpi`rİmokomeyio İsİmn`ht`kİr. Oėor

cu İsİ omorbese trestür ùzoremkomyotoremfo iİm`n`zs` İsİmn`y`kov`n okor vo k`y`mn`sİf`hiİėİ `ŗİikİėİmk` y`m`r.






• 6- Aİziİ joreien koėeŗene (kv/kt)8Kà` ümfo `êİhi`mkİėİ jecetrestür, ùrotefe t`r`lİmk`mcoieriomom kv/kt koėoremkom

kà` aİziİ koėeŗom cer joreienioh`rŗİ h`rŗİy` hìkİėİmk`, eêh`p`setoioremem otheseyiou `rİin`kİ İ aìko ùzoremkom

;- Aİziİ `hİn koėeŗene (ke/kt)8Uemo kà` ümfo `êİhi`mkİėİjece trestür, ùrotefe t`r`lİmk`mcoieriomom ke/kt koėoremkom

kà` aİziİ koėeŗom cer `hİni`h`rŗİ h`rŗİy` hìkİėİmk`, eêh`p`setoioremem otheseyiou `rİin`kİ İ aìko ùzoremkom

`hİn `hİtn`y` c`ŗi`r y`me

eioteno joêor. Cu estomnoyomeioten trestüro, yùho vo kovroyoz`r`r vorer.

• Ceiemkeėe jece cu gi`yİ

omjoiionoh eêem, `me joreieneyunuŗ`tn`h n`fİyi`, trestürop`rìoi gi`r`h cer SF c`ėi`mİr.


`hİn `hİtn`y` c`ŗi`r vo hİs`

kovro giur. Cu estomnoyomeioten trestüro, yùho vo kovroyoz`r`r vorer.

Ceiemkeėe jece cu gi`yİ

omjoiionoh eêem, `me `hİnİyunuŗ`tn`h n`fİyi`, trestürosore gi`r`h cer ’I„ c`ėi`mİr.




• [restürùm Uìİtİn` Joêereinose8• Ceiemkeėe jece trestür (VFS),eioteno joênose hgmtrgiokeioceiom l`h`t yìİtİn`

joênose hgmtrgi okeionoyom cery`rİeiothom jùê `màt`rİkİr.

• [restürùm yìİtİn` joêoceinose

Cu kurunk` üzoiiehio KF―koêìİŗn`ht` gi`m cer trestürùyìİtİn` joêeroceinoh eêemeêemkom joêom `hİnİ hİs` cersùro eêem sİlİr` kùŗùroceiofohyümtonior huii`mn`hjorohnohtoker. Cu kurunk`,trestürù susturn` yümtoniore8

pgi`rn` ìtİm` jernose yotoriekoėeiker. [restürùm yìİtİn`joêoceinosemem toh ŗ`rtİ, @-H`r`sİmk`m hn`ht` gi`m`hİnİm êgh hİs` cer sùro eêem

’sİlİr„` êoheinoseker. @Fh`ym`ht` yüm koėeŗteėe eêem cugi`y homkeieėemkom jorêohioŗer.


0) Vore `màt`r huii`m`r`h,

3) T`rìoi `màt`r huii`m`r`h,6) Vore `y`riİ keromê huii`mİi`r`h,

;) @y`riİ h`ym`h huii`m`r`h,

?) [ors joreien huii`mİi`r`h,

gin`h ùzoro ? l`rhiİ tùrkoker.Cu yümtoniore `yrİmtİiİ gi`r`h`êİhi`yìİn.




• 0- [restürùm (VFS) sore màt`rhuii`m`r`h yìİtİn` joêernose8

Cu yümton, `ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-3.3?―ko jürùikùėù jece trestürùm

`mgk kovrosemo sore cer `màt`r(cutgm) c`ėi`y`r`huyjui`m`ceinohtoker. Cur`kèiotenko gi`m cer trestür

Cu yümtonko, eiotenko gi`m ’[„trestürùmù yìİtİn` joêeroceinoh`n`fİyi` cutgm` c`sİi`r`h êghhİs` cer sùroieėemo ’E`„ hİnİhoseikeėemko trestür eêemkomjoêom `hİn sİlİr` kùŗofoėe eêemyìİtİn` joêneŗ giur.

Cu ümton gh c`set vo hgi`jürùinohtoker.


uyjui`m`ceier gin`sİm` h`rŗİm

`mf`h kùŗùh `hİn vo joreiensoveyoioremko huii`mİi`ceier.

Cumum mokome, yùhsoh `hİn vojoreienko `rh giuŗn`sİ

mokomeyio cgtgm eio hgmtrgiumenh`msİz aìo joinoseker.

\s

Cutgm

[

SIE`




• 3- [restürùm (VFS) p`rìoi`màt`r huii`m`r`h yìİtİn`joêernose8Cu yümton, `ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-3.3<―k` jürùikùėù jece trestürùm

`mgk-h`tgk `r`sİm` p`rìoi cer`màt`r (cutgm) c`ėi`y`r`huyjui`m`ceinohtoker. Cur`kèiotenko gi`m cer trestür

Cu yümtonko, eiotenko gi`m ’[„trestürùmù yìİtİn` joêeroceinoh`n`fİyi` cutgm` c`sİi`r`h êghhİs` cer sùroieėemo kovrokomjoêom ’E`„ `hİnİ cutgm ùzoremoìİmİr, cu sİr`k` trestür `hİnİsİlİr` kùŗofoėemkom oion`myìİtİn` joêneŗ giur.

jürùinohtoker.

N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE ;4

Cu yümton êgh c`set vo hgi`y

uyjui`m`ceier gin`sİm` h`rŗİm`mf`h kùŗùh `hİn vo joreiensoveyoioremko huii`mİi`ceier.

Cumum mokome, yùhsoh `hİn vo

joreienko `rh giuŗn`sİmokomeyio cgtgm eio hgmtrgiumenh`msİz aìo joinoseker.

\s

Cutgm

[

SIE`




• 6- [restürùm (VFS) sore keromêhuii`m`r`h yìİtİn` joêernose8

Cu yümton, `ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-3.3:―ko jürùikùėù jece trestüro

sore cer `y`riİ keromê (rogst`)c`ėi`y`r`h vo cu `y`ri`m`r`huyjui`m`ceinohtoker. Cur`k`trestür eiotenko, rogst` eso hİs`

Cu yümtonko, eiotenko gi`m ’[„trestürùmù yìİtİn` joêeroceinoh`n`fİyi` rogst` koėore rttİrİiİp`êİh kovroyo jütùrùioroh, cersùroieėemo ’E`„ `hİnİ sİlİri`mİr,cu sİr`k` trestür `hİnİ sİlİr`kùŗofoėemkom oion`m yìİtİn`joêneŗ giur.

kovro hgmunumk`kİr.


Cu yümton êgh c`set vo yùhsoh

jùêto uyjui`m`ceier gin`sİm`h`rŗİm, rogst` nìeyote, cgyutuvo h`yİpi`rİ gikuhê` cùyùhtùr.

@yrİf`, aor soloremko trestür

susturuikuht`m sgmr` rogst`mİmtohr`r hİs` kovro hgmunum`jotereinose jorohnohtoker.

\s

[

SI

E`

Sogst`




• ;- [restürùm (VFS) y`riİh`ym`h huii`m`r`h yìİtİn`joêernose8

Cu yümton, `ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-

3.31―ko jürùikùėù jece yùhùcosioyom `m` h`ym`ėİ `y`riİy`p`r`h vo cu `y`ri`m`r`hu ui`m`ceinohtoker. Cur`k`

Cu yümtonko, eiotenko gi`m ’[„trestürùmù yìİtİn` joêeroceinoh`n`fİyi` h`ym`h joreienekoėore `zìtİiİp sİlİr` kgėrujütùrùioroh, cer sùroieėemo ’E`„`hİnİ sİlİri`mİr, cu sİr`k` trestür`hİnİ sİlİr` kùŗofoėemkomoion`m yìİtİn` joêneŗ giur.

trestür eiotenko, h`ym`h eso om

yùhsoh koėor hgmunumk`kİr.


Cu yümton yùhsoh jùêto

uyjui`m`ceier gin`sİm` h`rŗİm,`y`riİ h`ym`h nìeyote gikuhê`yùhsoh, aİzİ kùŗùh gi`f`htİr.

@yrİf`, cu h`ym`h c`ŗh`

yùhiore cosionoh eêemhuii`mİi`n`y`f`htİr. Cumokomio poh uyjum koėeiker.

\s

[

SI

E`



EE - U@SEĴIO[HOM JÙÊ @M@A[@SI@SEŝ hei 3 64―k ü ùikùėù ece



• Üzoiiehio grt` vo yùhsoh jùêiùKF h`ym`hiİ uyjui`nì`rk`,`màt`r gi`r`h trestür soêeinosekurunumk`, huii`mİin`ht` gi`mtors joreienio susturn`(yìİtİn` joêerno) yümtone eioeijeie cer uyjui`n` kovrose`ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-3.64―k`

ŝohei-3.64―k`m jürùikùėù jece[0 trestürùmùm susturn`h eêemjorohie gi`m tors joreien ’F„hgmk`ms`türùmo kopgi`mn`ht`[3 trestürù eso cu hgmk`ms`tür

ùzoremkohe tors joreienem,susturuin`h estomom [0trestürùmo uyjui`mn`sİmİ

jürùinohtoker.

N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE ;;

s` `n` ` İr.

Hİs`f`sİ, [0 trestürùuy`rİikİėİmk` kovroêìİŗn`ht`, [3 trestürùuy`rİikİėİmk` eso kurn`ht`kİr.

Cu `r`k` hgmk`ms`tür koy`rkİnfİ oion`mi`r ùzoremkomtohr`r ŗ`rb gin`ht`kİr.

Ĵioten pìse

Uìİtİn pìse-

\F

+

I0

I3

[3

[0

K0 Kn

UÙH

+

\V-

EE - U@SEĴIO[HOM JÙÊ @M@A[@SI@SE@ ė k i i ce e ü ù cei e ė (k a ) ü ùi h ke



@ŗ`ėİk` jomoi `n`êiİ cer trestürùm ceije y`pr`ėİ (k`t`saoot) jürùinohtoker.

N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE ;?

ÜKO\-3



3.0 - 614\-?4Az 6 l`ziİ ŗocohokom y`r`ri`m`r`h ?03\-?4@―ieh cerhgmtrgisuz kgėruitufu y`pİin`h estomnohtoker. Cu kgėruitufu eêemuyjum cer keygt coierioyoroh emtormot grt`nİmk` ceije y`pr`hi`rİ

(k`t`saoots) ùzoremkom `r`ŗtİrİmİz. Keygt y`pİsİmİ, jomoi üzoiiehioreme,tonoi p`r`notroioreme, ùrotefe lernì`rİmİ, [ùrheyo tonseifeioreme vos`tİŗ ley`tİmİ jüstorom cer r`pgr a`zİri`yİmİz.

3.3 - 614\-?4Az 6 l`ziİ ŗocohokom y`r`ri`m`r`h ?03\-044@―ieh cerhgmtrgiiu kgėruitufu y`pİin`h estomnohtoker. Cu kgėruitufu eêemuyjum cer trestür coierioyoroh emtormot grt`nİmk` ceije y`pr`hi`rİ(k`t`saoots) ùzoremkom `r`ŗtİrİmİz. [restür y`pİsİmİ, jomoiüzoiiehioreme, tonoi p`r`notroioreme, ùrotefe lernì`rİmİ, [ùrheyo

tonseifeioreme vo s`tİŗ ley`tİmİ jüstorom cer r`pgr a`zİri`yİmİz.

N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE ;<




• Êelt Uümiù [restür ([ey`h),[onoi U`pİsİ vo Êìİŗn`sİ8

• Êelt yümiù trestürior ([re`f-[rey`h), `siİmk` `ŗ`ėİk`heŝohei-3.60―ko jürùikùėù jececerceremo tors p`rìoi c`ėi`mnİŗ ehe kot trestür jecekù ùmùioceinohtoker.

[rey`h, aor ì`mk`he omkùstreyoioiohtrgmeh uyjui`nì`rİmk`,@F joreienem `màt`ri`mn`sİvo hgmtrgi okeinose `n`fİyi`êgh ygėum gi`r`h huii`mİi`m cerjùê y`rİeiothom oion`mİkİr.

U`pİsİmk`m k` `mi`ŗİi`ceiofoėeece trestür VFS eio mİ

N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE ;:

üzoiiehiore jüstornohtoker.

[restürkom toh l`rhİ, aor eheyümko ko rà`tiİhi` eiotenojoêoceinoseker.

[rey`h, tİphİ VFS jece s`kofo

eioteno joênose hgmtrgiokeioceiom cer `màt`rkİr.

3. @mgk (@3)

0. @mgk (@0)

J`to(H`pİ)

J[0

[3




• [rey`h―İm yìİtİn` joêoceinoseeêem eso eêemkom joênohto gi`m`hİnİm sİlİr` kùŗnose voy`kùŗùrùinose jorohnohtoker.

• [rey`h, eiotenko gikuėumk` t`neioten, yìİtİnk` gikuėumk` esot`n yìİtİn kurunumk`cuiumur, o e `mİ kİ İmk`

[rey`hi`r, êelt yümiù ginì`rİmokomeyio, jomoi `n`êiİ trestüriorjece, êgh yùhsoh `hİn vojoreieniorko huii`mİi`n`n`ht`kİr.@mf`h 0344\-644@ fev`rİm` h`k`r

gi`mi`r cuiumn`ht`kİr. @yrİf` trey`hi`rİm eioten eê

keromêiore ko VFS―ior jece êghkù ùh ko eiker. Cu mokomio gh

aora`mje `r` kurunu yghtur.

• [rey`h―İm, jomoi n`êiİtrestürior (VFS) jece om ümonieüzoiieėe kùŗùh lroh`msi`rk`êìİŗn`h eêem enì okeineŗ

ginì`rİkİr he ekoì êìİŗn`lroh`msi`rİ ?4-<4Az, n`x.lroh`msi`rİ eso 0hAz―ker.


yùhsoh `hİniİ uyjui`nì`rk`

jomoiiehio trey`h yoremo cerceremotors p`rìoi c`ėi`mnİŗ gi`mVFS―ior torfea okeinohtoker.

Cu üzoiiehiore eio trey`hi`r, ŗocohojoreienemko hgmtrgiiu `màt`r voŗocoho koėeŗterefe gi`r`hêìİŗ`ceiom êgh huii`mİŗiİy`rİeiothom oion`mi`rkİr.


[rey`h―İm êìİŗn`sİmİ jüroceinoh



• Êelt Uümiù [restürùm ([rey`h)Êìİŗtİrİin`sİ8• ŝohei-3.63―ko trey`h―İm

êìİŗtİrİin`sİ y`rİeiothom y`pİùzoremko jürùinohtoker.

Cur`k` ’\`f„ h`ym`ėİ, yùhùcosionohio jürovie gi`m `m`h`ym`htİr. \J eso trestürùu `rn`k` huii`mİi`m h` m`htİr.

[rey`h İm êìİŗn`sİmİ jüroceinoheêem ŝohei-3.63―ko jürùiom c`ėi`mtİy`pİiİr. Cutgm` c`sİin`kİėİ sùrofotrey`h, kgėru vo tors yümko cigh`b(yìİtİn) kurunumk` hì`f`htİr.

[rey`h―İ eioteno joêeroceinoh eêemcutgm` c`sİikİėİmk` trey`h―İm J-@0tornemìiore `r`sİmk`m êgh hİs` cersùro e em EJH `hİnİ kgi İr.


Cu kurunk` J-H `r`sİmk`he T-M

n`kkoiore eiothom aìemo joier vo@3-@0 `r`sİmk` s`kofo toh T-Mcerioŗene hì`f`ėİ eêem trey`h eioten’gm„ kurunum` joêor vo yùhùzoremkom E@ `hİnİ `h`r.

[rey`h eioteno joêtehtom sgmr`ìtorm`ms koėeŗenemko sus`f`ėİeêem cutgm` sùrohie c`snìİkİr.

\J

Cutgm

E@

Uùh

M

T

T \`f

J @0

@3

EJHSj


• [rey`h―İm [onoi [ost Kovrose vo



• [rey`h İm [onoi [ost Kovrose voH`r`htoresteh Oėrese8

• @ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-3.66―ko trey`h―İmtonoi h`r`htoresteh oėresememêİh`rİikİėİ tonoi tost kovrose

jürùinohtoker.• @ŗ`ėİk`he c`ėi`mtİ ŗohie eio

[rey`h―İm kgėru yüm êìİŗn`sİ,’ „

@ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-3.6;―ko esotrey`h―İm tonoi h`r`htorestehoėreioremkom hİn-joreien (E`-\`0`3) oėrese (êİhİŗ h`r`htorestehoėrese) jürùinohtoker.

E`Kgėru_y`rn`

êovreioroh ko tors yüm êìİŗn`sİ

tost okeioceinohtoker.

N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE ?4

-E`

-\`3`0+\n`x

-\n`x.

(eiore) yüm@+, H-

[ors(jore) yüm

@-, H+_y`rn`y`pİiİrs`

\`3`0

y`pİiİrs`

EE - U@SEĴIO[HOM JÙÊ @M@A[@SI@SE• H`r`htoresteh oėrekom jürùikùėù Cu kurunk` trey`h―İm kgėru yümiù



H`r`htoresteh oėrekom jürùikùėùjece keygt, kgėru yümko 4,:\―k`msgmr` homkeieėemkom eiotenojoêorhom, trey`h `mf`h \n`x.joreienemo ui`ŗİikİėİmk`homkeieėemkom eioteno joênohtoker.

• Cu ŗoheiko eioteno joênoestomnoyom cer kurunkur. [rey`h―İmaor ehe yümko ko mgrnì gi`r`heioteno o oceinose e em u `rİin`sİ

Cu kurunk`, trey`h İm, kgėru yümiù(@3+, @0-) joreienko uy`rİin`z esocigh`b y`p`m, uy`rİikİėİ t`hterkoeso t`n eioteno joêom, kgėru yümiùjoreien ìtİmk` hgmtrgi okeioceiom,

[ors yümiù (@3-, @0+) joreienko esoyemo uy`rİin`z eso cigh`b y`p`m,uy`rİikİėİ t`hterko eso t`n eiotenoo om aon kg ru aon ko tors

jorohnohtoker.

• [rey`h―İm uy`rİin`sİ J-@0tornemìiore `r`sİmk`m y`pİiİr.

• [ors yümko eso trey`h yemo \n`x.joreien koėoremo h`k`r jùvomioyìİtİnk` hì`f`h (cigh`b

y`p`f`h), cu koėor `ŗİiİrs` esoeioteno joêofohter. [`cee he cuŗoheiko eioteno joêno `sièstomnoz.


yümiù joreien ìtİmk` hgmtrgi

okeioceiom, cer y`rİeiothom jùê`màt`rİ gikuėu jürùinohtoker.

[rey`h, cu üzoiiehioreyio @F―koêìİŗtİrİin`h eêem uyjum cer `màt`rkurunumk`kİr.

L`h`t, trey`h k` VFS jece eêemkomjoêom `hİn sİlİr` kùŗnokehêoyìİtİn` joêononohtoker.




• [rey`h―İm uy`rİin`yümtoniore8

• [rey`h―İm J-@0 `r`sİmk`muy`rİin`sİ sİr`sİmk` ; l`rhiİ

kurun cuiumn`ht`kİr.• 0- @3(+) @0(-) gin`sİ

kurunumk`, J(+) @0(-).

0. vo 3. kuruni`r ŝohei-3.6? voŝohei-3.6<―k` jüstoreineŗter.

\J

Cutgm@3

SI

\VE`

Ej

• 3- @3(-) @0(+) gin`sİkurunumk`, J(-) @0(+).

• 6- @3(+) @0(-) gin`sİkurunumk`, J(-) @0(+).

• ;- @3(-) @0(+) gin`sİkurunumk`, J(+) @0(-).

gin`sİ kuruni`rİkİr.


\J

Cutgm@3

SI

\VE`

Ej

ŝohei-3.6?

ŝohei-3.6<




6. vo ;. kuruni`r eso ŝohei-3.6:vo ŝohei-3.61―ko jüstoreineŗter.

ŝoheiiorkom jürùikùėù jece 0.vo 3. kuruni`rk` trey`hİm j`to(Ej) vo mgk (E`) `hİni`rİ `ymİyümiù gi`r`h, 6. vo ;.kuruni`rk` eso cu `hİni`r

cercerioremo tors a`rohototnohtoker.

Aor kurunk` k` tre `h―İm

\J

Cutgm@3

SI

\VE`

3.Ej


uy`rİin`sİ nùnhùm

gin`ht`kİr. L`h`t, trey`h 0. vo3. kuruni`rk` kà` kùŗùhuy`rn` `hİnİyi` vo kà`hgi`yiİhi` uy`rİi`ceierhom, 6. vo

;. kuruni`rk` eso kà` yùhsohuy`rn` `hİnİyi` (y`hi`ŗİh 3h`t) uy`rİi`ceinohtoker.

\J

Cutgm@3

SI

\VE`3.Ej

ŝohei-3.6:

ŝohei-3.61




• Cu kurunk` trey`h―İm @Fh`ym`ht` êìİŗtİrİiİrhomuy`rİi`ceinose eêem l`rhiİ l`rhiİuy`rn` yümtone huii`mİin`sİmènh`m t`mİn`ht`kİr.

Cum` jüro trey`h―İm uy`rİin`sİŝohei-3.65―k`m jürùikùėù jece,

• -

\V

0.yümton

huii`mİi`r`h uy`rn`,

• 3- [oh yümiù eėmo pìshuii`mİi`r`h uy`rn`,

• 6- Kùŗùh lroh`msiİ h`ro kìj`huii`m`r`h uy`rn`,

gin`h ùzoro 6 l`rhiİ ŗoheikoy`pİi`ceinohtoker.

N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE ?;

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

3.yümton

6.yümton




• _yjui`n`k`, yuh`rİk`coierteiom uy`rn` yümtoniorememaopse ko trey`h uy`rn`h eêemhuii`mİi`ceinosemo r`ėnom,trey`h―İm huii`mİikİėİ yoro vo

y`p`f`ėİ eŗo jüro om uyjumyümton soêeiorohhuii`mİin`ht`kİr.

Ĵhemfe uy`rn` yümtone üzoiuy`rn` omtojroiore voy``mìgj-igbeh kovro oion`mi`rİy`rkİnİyi` giuŗturuiupprglosygmoi uyjui`nì`rk`

huii`mİin`ht`kİr. Ùêùmfù yümton eso h`ro kìj`

ùroto iore vo ` nehrge ionfe• Cu yümtoniorkom ceremfese,

trey`h uy`rn`h eêem, kà` sgmr``yrİmtİsİyi` t`mİtİi`f`h, üzoigi`r`h ùroteineŗ gi`m ’Key`h„esenie uy`rn` oion`mİ eio

giuŗturuin`ht` vo c`setuyjui`nì`rk`huii`mİin`ht`kİr.

N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE ??

y`rkİnİyi` giuŗturuin`ht` vo

aon c`set aon ko prglosygmoiuyjui`nì`rk`huii`mİin`ht`kİr.

Cu uy`rn` semyìioremem

ùroteinose vo trey`h―ùyjui`mn`sİ kà` sgmr``yrİmtİsİyi` `êİhi`m`f`htİr.


ŝohei-3.;0―ko eso trey`h kovrosemem



• [rey`h―İm Êìİŗn` Kìj`ŝoheiiore8• U`rİeiothom jùê `màt`ri rİmİm

êìİŗn` kuruni`rİmİm jürùinoseeêem `htel êìİŗn` sİr`sİmk`he

`hİn-joreien kìj` ŗoheiioremememfoiomnose jorohnohtoker.

• [rey`h―İm kgėru vo tors pgi`rn`k`

ŝ y@F h`ym`ht` êìİŗn`sİ sİr`sİmk`hekìj` ŗoheiiore jürùinohtoker.

Jereŗ J.(\s)

\n

4

\n

t

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

ŝohei-3.;4―k`he c`ėi`mtİ y`pİi`ceier.

N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE ?<

Êİhİŗ J.

[rey`h

Joreiene

[rey`h@hİnİ

4

\n

En

4

4 t

t

014² 6<4² ?;4² :34²

EE - U@SEĴIO[HOM JÙÊ @M@A[@SI@SE• ŝohei-3.;0―kom jürùikùėù jece 4-



014² `rìİėİmk` trey`h estomersouy`rİi`r`h eioteno (gm) joêereioceier,êİhİŗ joreiene trey`h eiotenojoênosemkom etec`rom jürùmnoyoc`ŗi`r. Cu sİr`k` trey`h ùzoremkohe

joreien sİlİr (eioten joreien kùŗùnùean i okeieygr), trey`h ùzoremkomjoêom `hİn eso h`ym`h voy` yùh`hİnİ eio `ymİkİr.

[rey`hi`rİm Vore C`ėi`mn`sİ8 Üzoiiehio yùhsoh joreien ìtİmk`êìİŗtİrİi`f`h gi`m trey`hi`rk`trey`h, uy`rİin`kİėİmk` ùzoremojoiom êgh yùhsoh kgėru vo tors

joreieniore cigho otnose joroher. Cu kurunk` ùrotefe t`r`lİmk`

coierteiom trey`h―İm êìİŗn` joreiene,

• 014²-6<4² `rìİėİmk` eso trey`hestomerso uy`rİi`r`h eioteno (gm)joêereioceier, êİhİŗ joreiene trey`heioteno joênosemkom etec`romjürùmnoyo c`ŗi`r. Cu sİr`k`

trey`h ùzoremkohe joreien sİlİr (eiotenjoreien kùŗùnù eanì okeieygr),trey`h ùzoremkom joêom `hİn esoh`ym`h voy` yùh `hİnİ eio `ymİkİr.

N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE ?:

joreienkom om `z %64 kà` l`zi`

gin`sİ jorohnohtoker he s`ėiİhiİ cerêìİŗn` s`ėi`m`ceisem.

_yjui`n` sİr`sİmk` novfuttrey`hi`rİm cu ŗ`rtİ s`ėi`y`n`n`sİ

kurunumk` kà` ümfo `êİhi`m`mhurìi`r` uyjum gi`r`h sorec`ėi`n` ygium` jekeier vo estomeiomêìİŗn` joreienemo ui`ŗİi`ceier.


• [rey`hi`rİm T`rìoi [rey`hi`rk` kv/kt vo ke/kt



C`ėi`mn`sİ8• Üzoiiehio yùhsoh `hİn ìtİmk`

êìİŗtİrİi`f`h gi`m trey`h―i`rk`,trey`h―İm ùzoremkom joênosejorohom êgh yùhsoh soveyoie`hİn` k`y`m`ceinose joroher.

• Cu kurunk` ùrotefe t`r`lİmk`coierteiom trey`h êìİŗn` `hİnİ,

hgrun`sİmİm s`ėi`mn`sİ8 Ceiemkeėe jece `me koėeŗom `hİn vo

joreienko y`rİeiothom jùê`màt`ri`rİ estomnokeėe aìko

ùzorioremkom `hİn joêernohto voy`mn`ht`kİri`r.

[rey`h eêem ko cu gi`y t`n`nom

gi`m `hİnk`m om `z %64 kà`

l`zi` gin`sİ jorohnohtoker hes`ėiİhiİ cer êìİŗn` s`ėi`m`ceisem.

• _yjui`n` sİr`sİmk` novfuttrey`hi`rİm cu ŗ`rtİ s`ėi`y`n`n`sİkurunumk` kà` ümfokom

`êİhi`mkİėİ jece p`rìoi c`ėi`n`ygium` jekeier vo cu s`yokoestomeiom êìİŗn` `hİnİmùi`ŗİi`ceier.


ümion ìİmnìİkİr.

kv/kt eêem iİmn`sİ jorohom ümiontİphİ keygt vo trestürko gikuėu jece,oion`m` p`rìoi gi`r`h uyjum cerS-F kovrosemem c`ėi`mn`sİkİr.

ke/kt eêem iİmn`sİ jorohom ümioneso yemo keygt vo trestürko gikuėujece, oion`m` sore gi`r`h uyjum ceromkùht`msİm (I) c`ėi`mn`sİkİr.


• [rey`h―İm Hgmtrgi Kİŗİ Ĵioteno



Joênose8 [rey`hi`rİm hgmtrgi kİŗİ gi`r`h

eioteno joênosemo, kgi`yİsİyi`k` cgzuin`sİm` mokom gi`m ;

kurun v`rkİr. Cu kuruni`r80- Uùhsoh sİf`hiİh,3- Uùhsoh vgit`b,

• [rey`h―İm Uìİtİn` Joêereinose8• [rey`h, jomoi `n`êiİ trestür(VFS) jece eioteno joênosehgmtrgi okeioceiom l`h`t yìİtİn`joênose hgmtrgi okeionoyom cery`rİeiothom jùê `màt`rİkİr.

• [rey`h―İm yìİtİn` joêoceinose

6- Aİziİ joreien koėeŗene,

;- Aİziİ `hİn koėeŗeneker. [rey`hİm cu kuruni`rk` hgmtrgi

kİŗİ gi`r`h eioteno joênosemeomjoiionoh eêem jomoi `n`êiİtrestürko (VFS) êİhi`mkİėİ jece

ìİm`m tùn ümioniorem `ymİŗoheiko iİmn`sİjorohnohtoker.

pgi`rn` ìtİm` jernose yotorie

koėeiker. [rey`h―İm yìİtİn`joêoceinosemem toh ŗ`rtİ, @3-@0

`r`sİmk`m hn`ht` gi`m`hİnİm êgh hİs` cer sùro eêem

’sİlİr„` êoheinoseker. @F―koêìİŗn` sİr`sİmk` cu gi`yhomkeieėemkom jorêohioŗer.


EE - U@SEĴIO[HOM JÙÊ @M@A[@SI@SE@ŗ`ėİk` cer trey`h―İm ceije y`pr`ėİ (k`t`saoot) jürùinohtoker.



N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE <4


• H`pİsİmk`m [İh`m`ceiom [restür Ĵŗto J[G cu ohsehieėe jekornoh



(J[G), U`pİsİ vo Êìİŗn`sİ8

• Ceiemkeėe jece jomoi `n`êiİtrestürior vo trey`h―i`rk` s`kofoeioteno joêno eŗe hgmtrgitornemìiore ùzoremkom hgmtrgiokeioceinohto, yìİtİnò noiore eso hgmtrgi

`n`fİyi` y`pİi`m êìİŗnì`rsgmr`sİmk` grt`y` êİh`m cerjùê `màt`rİkİr. ŝohei-3.;3―kosoncgiù jürùiom J[G, j`to

(h`pİ) tornemìe eio h`tgktornemìe `r`sİmk`m, pgzetel pìseio uy`rİikİėİmk` eioteno, moj`tel

tornemìiore ùzoremkom hgmtrgi

okeiononohtoker.• Cu gi`y üzoiiehio KF h`ym`ht`

êìİŗn` sİr`sİmk` cu êgh hütùcer üzoiieh vo ohsehieh gi`r`h

h`rŗİnİz` êİhn`ht` vo oion`mİyùh ìtİmk` sustur`ceinoh eêemc`ŗh` eŗionior jorohnohtoker.


pìs eio uy`rİikİėİmk` eso

yìİtİn` joênohtoker.

@

H

J

J[G


• J[G―mum hgmtrgiiu gi`r`h Cu üzoiiehiore mokomeyio



eioteno joêereioceinose eêem VFSvo trey`h―t` gikuėu jece êghhİs` sùroie (0-3ns) cer pgzetelpìs uyjui`mn`sİ vo J―kom

H―y` kgėru hùêùh cer uy`rn``hİnİmİm hİtİin`sİ yotoriegin`ht`kİr.

h`pİsİmk`m tİh`m`ceiomtrestür(J[G), KF―ko êìİŗtİrİi`mcer VFS―yo jüro ŗ`ėİk`he`v`mt`bi`r` sàep

giumn`ht`kİr.0- [restür susturn`kùzomohioremkom hurtuin`,

• Uemo J[G―mum hgmtrgiiu gi`r`h

yìİtİn` joêereioceinose eêem esoêgh hİs` sùroie l`h`t cu kol` J-H `r`sİm` moj`tel cer pìsemuyjui`mn`sİ vo H―k`m J―yo

kgėru kà` cùyùh moj`tel cersusturn` hİnİmİm hİtİin`sİjorohnohtoker.


3- Kà` tonez, hùêùh, ufuz

kùzomohior oiko okeinose,6- Aİziİ susturui`ceikeėe eêemyùhsoh lroh`mst` êìİŗn`,

;- Kovro vorenemem `rtn`sİkİr.

Cu kurunk` üzoiiehio yùhsohjùêiù KF kovroiorko uyjumkur.


• 0344\-?44@ soveyoioremo h`k`re i i J[G―i

@ŗ`ėİk`he ŗoheiko cer J[G―mumei h h



vorseygmi`rİ gi`m J[G―i`rüzoiiehio êgh yùhsoh jùêiù KF-KF kümùŗtùrùfùiorko voyùhsoh jùêiù kùŗùh lroh`msiİ

emvortür uyjui nì`rİmk` torfeaokeinohtokerior.

• Üzoiiehio notrg, oiohtrehie trom

y`rİeiothom h`tn`m y`pİsİjürùinohtoker. ŝoheikomjürùikùėù jece toh j`to (h`pİ)tornemìe gikuėu aìko `ên`

vo h`p`tn` eŗe l`rhiİt`c`hì`rk`m y`pİin`ht`kİr.

jece tgpiu t`ŗİn `r`êi`rİmk` KF

ngtgr huii`mİin`sİ kurunumk`J[G―i`r êgh yùhsoh jùêiù gi`mcu ngtgri`rİm hgmtrgiumk`v`zjoêeinoz aìo joinohtoker.

• Ürmoh gi`r`h, :?4\kf eioêìİŗ`m Ĵzner notrgsumum`r`êi`rİkİr.



• H`pİsİmk`m [İh`m`ceiom[ e tü ù Ê i t i

ŝohei-3.;;―kom jürùikùėù jeceJ[G etel h i ( t ―k



[restürùm Êìİŗtİrİin`sİ8• @ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-3-;;―ko

J[G―mum êìİŗtİrİin`sİjürùinohtoker. Cur`k` ’\s„

h`ym`ėİ, yùhù cosionohiojürovie gi`m `m` h`ym`htİr. \J

eso J[G―yu uy`rn`k`huii`mİi`m h` m`htİr.

J[G pgzetel hİni` (j`to―komh`tgk―`) voy` moj`tel `hİni`(h`tgk―k`m j`to―o)uy`rİi`ceinohto l`h`t yùh `hİnİ

gi`r`h (E@) s`kofo pgzetel yümko(`mgk―k`m h`tgk―` kgėru)`h`ceinohtoker.

N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE <;

J[G eioteno joêereinoh

estomkeėemko êgh hİs` cer sùroeêem cutgm` c`sİi`r`h J-H`r`sİmk`m kùz (pgzetel) cer `hİn`hn`sİ s`ėi`mİr.

J[G yìİtİn` joêereinohestomkeėemko eso J-H `r`sİmk`mtors (moj`tel) `hİn `hİtİiİr.EJH

\J

\VE@Cutgm

Uùh

+-

J[G

Sj


• J[G―mum [onoi [ost KovroseH ht e teh Oė e e

@ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-3.;<―k` esoJ[G― t i h ht e teh



vo H`r`htoresteh Oėrese8• @ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-3.;?―ko J[G―mum

tonoi h`r`htoresteh oėresememêİh`rİikİėİ tonoi tost kovrose

jürùinohtoker.• ŝohei-3.;?―ko voreiom c`ėi`mtİ eioJ[G―mum kgėru yüm êìİŗn`sİ,

’ „

J[G―mum tonoi h`r`htorestehoėreioremkom hİn-joreien (E`-\`h) oėrese (êİhİŗ h`r`htorestehoėrese) jürùinohtoker.

E`Kgėru



N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE <?

-E`

-\`h

+\n`x

-\n`x.

. @+, H-

[ors

(jore) yüm@-, H+ _y`rn`y`pİiİrs`

\`h

EE - U@SEĴIO[HOM JÙÊ @M@A[@SI@SE• H`r`htoresteh oėrekom jürùikùėù

jece keygt kgėru yümko 4 :\―k`m Cu kurunk` J[G―mum, kgėru

yümiù (@+ H ) joreienko uy`rİin`z



jece keygt, kgėru yümko 4,:\ k`msgmr` homkeieėemkom eiotenojoêorhom, J[G `mf`h \n`x.joreienemo ui`ŗİikİėİmk`homkeieėemkom eioteno joênohtoker.

• Cu ŗoheiko eioteno joênoestomnoyom cer kurunkur.J[G―mum kgėru yümko ko mgrnìgi`r`h eioteno o oceinose e em

yümiù (@+, H-) joreienko uy`rİin`zeso cigh`b y`p`m, uy`rİikİėİt`hterko eso t`n eioteno joêom,kgėru yümiù joreien ìtİmk` eiotenevo yìİtİnİ hgmtrgi okeioceiom,

[ors yümiù (@-, H+) joreienko esoyemo uy`rİin`z eso cigh`b y`p`m,u `rİikİ İ t`hterko eso cgzuin`

pgzetel `hİni`, yìİtİn`

joêereioceinose eêemso moj`tel`hİni` uy`rİin`sİ jorohnohtoker.• [ors yümko eso J[G yemo \n`x.

joreien koėoremo h`k`r jùvomioyìİtİnk` hì`f`h (cigh`by`p`f`h), cu koėor `ŗİiİrs` esoeioteno joêofohter. [`cee he cuŗoheiko eioteno joêno `sièstomnoz.

N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE <<

eatenìe yùhsoh gi`m toh yümiù

`hİn `hİt`m cer y`rİeiothom jùê`màt`rİ gikuėu jürùinohtoker.

J[G, cu üzoiiehioreyio KF―koêìİŗtİrİin`h eêem êgh uyjum cer`màt`r kurunumk`kİr.

J[G―mum cu üzoiieėe s`yosemkoVFS―ko huii`mİi`m zgri` susturn`kùzomohiore huii`mİin`z.


• @ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-3.;:―koJ[G―mum KF êìİŗn`sİmİ +\

t0 t3 t6 t;



J[G mum KF êìİŗn`sİmİezioyoceinoh eêem hurui`m kovrojürùinohtoker.

• U`mk`he ŝohei-3.;1―ko eso

J[G―mum KF h`ym`h itİmkèioten vo yìİtİnİmİm hgmtrgiokeinose, kovromem ìİ n`

\s

+\

\JH

υt

υt

kìj` ŗoheiioreyio ceriehto

voreineŗter.

N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE <:

gm gll gmgll

\SI

\@H

E@

υt

υt

EE - U@SEĴIO[HOM JÙÊ @M@A[@SI@SE• ŝohei-3.;1―kom jürùikùėù jece 4-t0

`rìİėİmk` aora`mje cer uy`rİ J[G―i`rİm Vore vo T`rìoi

C`ėi`mn`sİ8



`rìİėİmk` aora`mje cer uy`rİvoreinokeėe eêem J[G yìİtİnk`cuiumn`ht`kİr.

• t0 mİmk` J[G―mum J-H r`sİm`pgzetel cer uy`rn` (totehiono) pìse

uyjui`mkİėİmk` oion`m aonomeioteno joênohtoker.• t0-t3 rìİėİmk` eiotenko hì`m

―

C`ėi`mn`sİ8 J[G―i`r üzoiiehio KF―ko yùhsoh

`hİn vo joreieniorko êìİŗn`heêem enì okeineŗ y`rİeiothom jùê

`màt`ri`rİ gikuėu eêem pohl`zi` sore vo p`rìoi c`ėi`n`yèate ` gin`z.

moj`tel cer totehiono pìse

uyjui`mkİėİmk` oion`m aonomyìİtİn` joênohtoker.• t6 mİmk` oion`m tohr`r pgzetel

pìs eio uy`rİikİėİmk` yemo eiotenojoênohtoker.

• Hİs`f`sİ aon eioteno aon koyìİtİn` joênose J-H `r`sİmk`mrà`tiİhi` hgmtrgi okeioceier vo cueŗion estomeiom sİhiİht` y`pİiİr.


Cum` r`ėnom êgh kà` yùhsoh

`hİn vo joreieniorkoêìİŗİin`sİ jorohteėemko tİphİtrestüriorko gikuėu jece sorevoy` p`rìoi c`ėi`mn`

prgsokùrù uyjui`mİr. [`cee he hgmtrgi kovrose ko tùn

oion`mi`r eêem y`pİi`mkİrİiİr.


• J[G―i`rk` kv/kt vo ke/kt

hgrun`sİmİm s`ėi`mn`sİ8

J[G―mum Hgmtrgi Kİŗİ Ĵioteno

Joênose8



hgrun`sİmİm s`ėi`mn`sİ8• Ceiemkeėe jece `me koėeŗom `hİn vo

joreienko y`rİeiothom jùê`màt`ri`rİ estomnokeėe aìko

ùzorioremkom `hİn joêernohto voy`mn`ht`kİri`r.

• J[G eêem ko cu gi`y t`n`nom

Joênose8 J[G―mum hgmtrgi kİŗİ gi`r`h

eioteno joênosemo, kgi`yİsİyi` k`cgzuin`sİm` mokom gi`m ; kurun

v`rkİr. Cu kuruni`r80) Uùhsoh sİf`hiİh,

3) Uùhsoh vgit`b,


• kv/kt eêem iİmn`sİ jorohom ümiontİphİ keygt vo trestürko gikuėu jece,oion`m` p`rìoi gi`r`h uyjum cerS-F kovrosemem c`ėi`mn`sİkİr.

• ke/kt eêem ìİmn`sİ jorohom ümioneso yemo keygt vo trestürko gikuėujece, oion`m` sore gi`r`h uyjum ceromkùht`msİm (I) c`ėi`mn`sİkİr.



;) Aİziİ `hİn koėeŗene. J[G―mum cu kuruni`rk` hgmtrgi

kİŗİ gi`r`h eioteno joênosemeomjoiionoh eêem keygti`rk` vojomoi `n`êiİ trestürko (VFS)

`êİhi`mkİėİ jece ìİm`m tùnümioniorem ymİ ŗoheiko ìİmn`sİjorohnohtoker.

EE - U@SEĴIO[HOM JÙÊ @M@A[@SI@SE@ŗ`ėİk` cer J[G―mum ceije y`pr`ėİ (k`t`saoot) jürùinohtoker.



N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE :4

ÜKO\-6



6.0) 614\-?4Az 6 l`ziİ ŗocohoko ê iİŗ`f`h 614\-?4@―ieh cer @F hİyİfİy`pİin`h estomnohtoker. Cu hİyİfİ eêem uyjum cer [rey`h coierioyorohemtormot grt`nİmk` ceije y`pr`hi`rİ (k`t`saoots) ùzoremkom

`r`ŗtİrİmİz. [rey`h y`pİsİmİ, jomoi üzoiiehioreme, tonoi p`r`notroioreme,ùrotefe lernì`rİmİ, [ùrheyo tonseifeioreme vo s`tİŗ ley`tİmİ jüstorom cerr`pgr a`zİri`yİmİz.

6.3) :?4\kf ŗocohoko êìİŗ`f`h 044@―ieh cer KF-KF kümùŗtùrùfù (KFhİyİfİ) y`pİin`h estomnohtoker. Cu kovro eêem uyjum cer J[Gcoierioyoroh emtormot grt`nİmk` ceije y`pr`hi`rİ (k`t`saoots)ùzoremkom `r`ŗtİrİmİz. J[G y`pİsİmİ, jomoi üzoiiehioreme, tonoi

p`r`notroioreme, ùrotefe lernì`rİmİ, [ùrheyo tonseifeioreme vo s`tİŗley`tİmİ jüstorom cer r`pgr a`zİri`yİmİz.



• JÙÊ [S@MVĴV[ÜSIOSĴ2

• Jùê tr`msestüriore hgmtrgiiu jùê

• Êelt Tgi`retoie [r`msestür (CB[),[onoi U`pİsİ vo Êìİŗn`sİ2



• Jùê tr`msestüriore, hgmtrgiiu jùê`màt`ri`rİkİr. Ùê tonoi y`pİk`cuium`m cu tr`msestürior8

• 0- Êelt pgi`retoie, jomoi n`êiİtr`msestür (CB[),

• 3- Notì ghsetie, i`m otheie

[onoi U`pİsİ vo Êìİŗn`sİ2• Oiohtrgmeh i`mİmk` eih

joieŗtereiom vo êgh huii`mİi`moion`mi`rk`m cerese gi`m CB[,

cu jùmo h`k`r poh êgh ì`mk`ygėum cer ŗoheiko huii`mİinİŗ vo huii`mİin`ht`kİr. Cu,

• 6- Uìİtİinİŗ h`pİiİ tr`msestürior(EJC[),

• Cu tùriorem homkeioremo ètüzoiiehiore vo cum` c`ėiİ gi`r`hk` huii`mİn ì`mi`rİcuiumn`ht`kİr. ŝenke cu tùriore`yrİmtİsİyi` emfoioyoien.

ì`mi`rk`m c`zİi`rİ8

• Uùhsoitoê gi`r`h,• Vemyì ùrotofe (gsei`tür) gi`r`h,

• @iİfİ-vorefe gi`r`h,

• N`mtİh eŗionfese gi`r`h,

• @màt`ri`n` oion`mİ vc.gi`r`h.



• Cu h`k`r l`zi` eŗ eêem huii`mİi`mCB[, jùê oiohtrgmeėe

Jürùikùėù vo ümfokom ko ceiemkeėe

jece y`rİeiothom h`tn`mi`rİm



CB[, jùê oiohtrgmeėekovroioremko vo omkùstreyoioiohtrgmehto ko ’`màt`r„ gi`r`hhuii`mİin`ht`kİr.

• ŝohei-3.?0―ko tonoi t`r`msestür(CB[)―mem y`rİeiothom y`pİsİ vosoncgiiore ürùinohtoker.

j ysİrì`mİŗİm` jüro MTM vo TMTgin`h ùzoro ehe tùr tr`msestür (CB[)cuiumn`ht`kİr.

[r`msestür (CB[), ŗu `m` h`k`rt`mİtİi`m oion`mi`rİm `hsemo,s`kofo ’gm„ vo ’gll„ gin`h ùzoroehe kurunu gi`m cer `rİeiothom


`màt`r koėeiker.

CB[―mem gm vo gll `r`sİmk` cer ko`npieleh`sygm (yùhsoitno) kurunu(cüijose) cuiumn`ht`kİr.

C`so, C

Hgiiohtür, F

Onetor, O

C`so, C

MTM TMT

M

T

M

T

M

T

Hgiiohtür, F

Onetor, O

C`soCMTM TMT


• CB[― cu s`yoko êgh l`rhiİuyjui`nì`rk`

Jùê oiohtrgmeėeuyjui`nì`rİmk` kà` êgh KF-



uyju ` ` ` k`huii`mİi`ceinohtoker.

• L`h`t jùê oiohtrgmeėeuyjui`nì`rİmk` tr`msestürùm

(CB[) cer `màt`r jece êìİŗn`sİvo s`kofo ’gm„ vo ’gll„kuruni`rİmk` gin`sİ

uyju ` ` ` k` k` ` êg FKF kümùŗtùrùfù (KF hİyİfİ) voKF-@F kümùŗtùrùfù (Ĵmvortür)kovroioremko torfea okeiom

tr`msestür (CB[), êgh kùŗùhlroh`msi`rk`m (0-3Az), yùhsohlroh`msi`r` (34-64hAz) h`k`r

estomnohtoker.

• Cu mokomio jùê oiohtrgmeėemkotr`msestürùm (CB[) huii`mİin`sİsİr`sİmk` ’`màt`r„ gi`r`hêìİŗ`f`h ŗoheiko hgmtrgi okeier.

• @yrİf` jùê oiohtrgmeėeuyjui`nì`rİmk` kà` êghMTM tr`msestür torfea okeier.

N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE :;

hgmtrgiiu `màt`r gi`r`h

huii`mİi`ceinohtoker. CB[, tİphİ trestür, trey`h vo J[G

jece `hİn hgmtrgiiu cery`rİeiothom `màt`rkİr. L`rhİ esouy`rİikİėİ sùrofo eiotenkogin`sİ uy`rİ hoseikeėemko esoyìİtİn` joênoseker.


• Êelt Tgi`retoie [r`msestürùm (CB[)

Êìİŗtİrİin`sİ8 ŝohei-3.?3―kom jürùikùėù jece,

uy`rn` cutgmum` c`sİin`kİėİ



Ê• @ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-3.?3―ko êelt

pgi`retoie tr`msestürùm êìİŗtİrİin`sİy`rİeiothom y`pİ ùzoremko

jürùinohtoker. Cur`k` \s h`ym`ėİyùhù cosionohio jürovie gi`m `m`h`ym`htİr. \C eso tr`msestürùu `rn`k` huii mİi`m h` m`htİr.

y ėsùrofo CB[, hgiiohtürù eioonetore `r`sİm` joiom kgėruyümiù joreieno cigh`b y`p`f`h

vo yìİtİnk` hì`f`htİr. CB[ eioteno joêereinoh

estomke emko eso u `rn`

N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE :?

cutgmum` c`sİi`r`h coyz

(c`so)―kom onetoro kgėru ceruy`rn` `hİnİ (ECO) `hn`sİs`ėi`mİr vo cu s`yoko CB[eioteno joêoroh hgiiohtürkomonetoro kgėru yùh `hİnİmİ (EF)`hİtn`y` c`ŗi`r. ECO `hİnİhoseikeėemko CB[ sus`r.

M

T

M

ECO

\C

\VEFCutgm

Uùh

MTMCB[

Sj


• Uìmİz cur`k` êgh ümonie cer`yrİmtİ v`rkİr. CB[―mem s`kofo

Jùê oiohtrgmeėeuyjui`nì`rİmk` tr`msestür toh



y’gm„ vo ’gll„ kuruni`rİ gin`kİėİvo `r` kuruni`rk` k` y`rİjoêerjom gi`r`h êìİŗ`ceikeėe

eêem, jùê oiohtrgmeėeuyjui`nì`rİmk` CB[―yeuy`r`f`h gi`m `hİnİm (ECO),

yjgi`r`h huii`mİi`ceikeėe jece,yùhsoh `hİn soveyoioremoêİh`ceinoh eêem jomoiiehio

ùrotefe t`r`lİmk`m voy` huii`mİfİt`r`lİmk`m ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-3.?6―ko jürùikùėù jece

oion`mİ t`n gi`r`h eioteno

joêeroceiofoh hİn soveyosemkogin`sİ jorohnohtoker.

• CB[―ye t`n eioteno joêerofohgi`m uy`rn` `hİnİ (ECO)soveyose, ùrotefe t`r`lİmk`moion`mİm ceije y`pr`hi`rİmk``yrİmtİiİ gi`r`h voreinohtoker.

N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE :<

’k`riemjtgm„ c`ėi`m`r`h

huii`mİin`ht`kİr.

C`so, C

Hgiiohtür, F

Onetor, O

[0

[3


• CB[―mem [onoi [ost Kovrose voH`r`htoresteh Oėrese8

@ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-3.??―ko CB[―mem

tonoi h`r`htoresteh oėreioremkom`h n joreien (E \ ) oėrese (ê h



• @ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-3.?;―ko CB[―memtonoi h`r`htoresteh oėresememêİh`rİikİėİ tonoi tost kovrose

jürùinohtoker.• ŝohei-3.?;―kohe c`ėi`mtİ ŗohie eio

CB[―mem kgėru yüm êìİŗn`sİ,’ „

`hİn-joreien (EF-\FO) oėrese (êİhİŗ h`r`htoresteh oėrese) l`rhiİ cerŗoheiko jürùinohtoker.

EF

En`x.Kgėru

(eiore) yüms



N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ

-0 KOSV MG[I@SE ::

-EF

-\FO

+\n`x

F+, O-

[ors (jore) yümF-, O+

êìİŗn`k`tr`msestür

z`r`r jürùr!

Vùrohie [`n

_y`rn`y`pİiİrs`

\FO

\FOgm


• H`r`htoresteh oėrekomjürùikùėù jece keygt, kgėru

Cu kurunk` CB[―mem, kgėru yümiù

(F+, O-) joreienko, uy`rİin`z esocigh`b y`p`m t`n uy`rİikİėİ



yümko 4,:\―k`m sgmr` eiotenojoêorhom, CB[ `mf`h \n`x.joreienemo ui`ŗİikİėİmk` eioteno

joêor l`h`t cu ŗoheiko eiotenojoêno estomnoyom cerkurunkur. CB[―mem kgėru

cigh`b y`p`m, t`n uy`rİikİėİt`hterko eso t`n eioteno joêom,kgėru yümiù joreien ìtİmk` eiotenevo yìİtİnİ hgmtrgi okeioceiom,

[ors yümiù (F-, O+) joreienko eso`si` êìİŗ`n`y`m, êìİŗtİrİikİėİt`hterko cgzui`m toh + ümiù

yümko ko mgrnì gi`r`h eioteno

joêoceinose eêem uy`rİvoreinose, yìİtİn`joêereioceinose eêemso uy`rİmİmêoheinose jorohnohtoker.

• [ors yümko eso CB[ siêìİŗ`n`z, y`me CB[―mem torsjoreien cigh`b h`ceieyote yghtur.


`hİn `hİt`m cer y`rİeiothom jùê

`màt`rİ gikuėu jürùinohtoker. CB[, cu üzoiiehioreyio KF―ko

êìİŗtİrİin`h eêem uyjum cer `màt`rkurunumk`kİr.

CB[―mem cu üzoiieėe s`yosemko

VFS―ko huii`mİi`m zgri` susturn`kùzomohiore huii`mİin`z.




• @ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-3.?:―ko CB[―memKF―ko êìİŗn`sİmİ ezioyoceinohe e h i k ü ùi ht ke \

+\υt

t0 t3 t6 t;



eêem hurui`m kovro jürùinohtoker.

• U`mk`he ŝohei-3.?1―ko eso CB[―memkf h`ym`h ìtİmk` eioten vo

yìİtİnİmİm hgmtrgi okeinose,kovromem êìİŗn` kìj` ŗoheiioreyioceriehto voreineŗter.

\s

\CO

υt

υt

• ` om `f `ym` ` s `êìİŗtİrİi`n`z êùmhù tors joreiene

cigho okonoz vo y`m`r.


gm gll gmgll

\SI

\FO

EF

υt

υt


• ŝohei-3.?1―kom jürùikùėù jece 4-t0

`rìİėİmk` CB[ yìİtİnk`cuiumn`ht`kİr t0 `mİmk` CB[―mem

CB[―iorem Vore vo T`rìoi

C`ėi`mn`sİ8



cuiumn`ht`kİr. t0 `mİmk` CB[ memC-O `r`sİm` pgzetel cer uy`rn`joreiene uyjui`mkİėİmk` EC `h`r`hoion`m aonom eiotenojoênohtoker.

• t0-t3 rìİėİmk` eiotenko hì`mCB[―mem t3 mİmk` u `rn` oreiene

CB[―ior, s`kofo KF―koêìİŗ`ceiom y`rİeiothomoion`mi`r gikuėu eêem kà` êgh

kf-kf kümùŗtùrùfù voemvortüriorko oshekom ygėumgi`r`h huii`mİin`h eke.

kgi`yİsİyi` k` EC `hİnİ

hoseikeėemko, oion`m aonomyìİtİn` joênohtoker.

• t6 mİmk` oion`m tohr`r pgzeteljoreien eio uy`rİikİėİmk` yemoeioteno joênohtoker.

• Hİs`f`sİ aon eioteno aon koyìİtİn` joênose C-O `r`sİmk`mrà`tiİhi` hgmtrgi okeioceinohtoker.


Jùmùnùzko poh l`zi`

huii`mİin`n`sİm` r`ėnomyùhsoh `hİn vo joreieniorkoêìİŗİin`sİ jorohteėemkok`riemjtgm c`ėi`mtİ y`pİiİr voy`

keėor oion`mi`rk` gikuėu jecesore voy` p`rìoi c`ėi`mn`prgsokùrù uyjui`m`ceier.


• CB[―iorko kv/kt vo ke/kt


CB[―mem Hgmtrgi Kİŗİ Ĵioteno

Joênose8CB[―mem hgmtrgi kİŗİ gi`r`h eioteno



• Ceiemkeėe jece `me koėeŗom `hİn vojoreienko y`rİeiothom jùê`màt`ri`rİ estomnokeėe aìkoùzorioremkom `hİn joêernohto voy`mn`ht`kİri`r.

• CB[ eêem ko cu gi`y t`n`nom

CB[ mem hgmtrgi kİŗİ gi`r`h eiotenojoênosemo, kgi`yİsİyi` k`cgzuin`sİm` mokom gi`m ; kurun

v`rkİr. Cu kuruni`r yemo80) Uùhsoh sİf`hiİh,

3) Uùhsoh vgit`b,



• ke/kt eêem ìİmn`sİ jorohom ümioneso yemo keygt vo trestürko gikuėujece, oion`m` sore gi`r`h uyjum ceromkùht`msİm (I) c`ėi`mn`sİkİr.



;) Aİziİ `hİn koėeŗene.

CB[―mem cu kuruni`rk` hgmtrgi kİŗİgi`r`h eioteno joênosemeomjoiionoh eêem keygti`rk` vo keėorjùê oion`mi`rİmk` `yrİmtİsİyi`


EE - U@SEĴIO[HOM JÙÊ @M@A[@SI@SE@ŗ`ėİk` cer CB[―mem ceije y`pr`ėİ (k`t`saoot) jürùinohtoker.





• Notì Ghsetie @i`m Otheie

[r`msestür (Ngslot) [onoiU`pİsİ vo Êìİŗn`sİ8

• Ngslot―em tonoie i`m otheie

tr`msestüro (LO[)k ht k @i theie



U`pİsİ vo Êìİŗn`sİ8

• Oiohtrgmeh i`mİmk` êghhuii`mİi`m oion`mi`rk`m cerese

gi`m Ngslot, cu jùmo h`k`rpoh êgh ì`mk` ygėum ceroheiko huii`mİinİ vo

k`y`mn`ht`kİr. @i`m otheietr`msestürior `mìgjoiohtrgmeėem tonoioion`mi`rİmk`m cerese giupüzoiiehio yùhsoitno vo

huii`mİin`ht`kİr. Cu ì`mi`r8

• Uùhsoitoê gi`r`h,• Vemyì ùrotofe (gsei tür) gi`r`h,

• Sojùi`tür gi`r`h,

• @iİfİ-vorefe gi`r`h,

• N`mtİh eŗionfese gi`r`h,• @màt`ri`n` oion`mİ gi`r`h.

ygėum gi`r`h huii`mİin`ht`kİr.

• Ngslot―ior LO[―em cer eiorevorseygmu giup, tr`msestür jecehgmtrgi okeioceino üzoiieėemo

sàep oion`mi`rkİr.• Ngslot―ior K vo O-Ngslotgi`r`h eheyo `yrİin`ht`kİr.







• Notì Ghsetie Lot [r`msestürùm

(O-Ngslot) Êìİŗtİrİin`sİ8• @ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-3 <4―k` M-h`mì

ŝohei-3.<4―k`m jürùikùėù jece,

uy`rn` cutgmum` c`sİin`kİėİsùrofo O-Ngslot, Krèm eio



@ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei 3.<4 k` M h`mìO-Ngslot―em êìİŗtİrİin`sİy`rİeiothom y`pİ ùzoremko

jürùinohtoker. Cur`k` \s h`ym`ėİyùhù cosionohio jürovie gi`m `m`h`ym`htİr. \J eso tr`msestürù

sùrofo O Ngslot, Krèm eioVgurfo `r`sİm` joiom kgėruyümiù joreieno cigh`b y`p`f`h

vo yìİtİnk` hì`f`htİr. O-Ngslot eioteno joêereinoh

estomke emko eso u `rn`.


cutgmum` c`sİi`r`h J`to (h`pİ)

eio Vgurfo `r`sİmk` cer uy`rn`joreienemem giuŗn`sİ s`ėi`mİrvo cu s`yoko O-Ngslot eiotenojoêoroh Krèm―kom Vgurfo―okgėru yùh `hİnİmİ (EK)`hİtn`y` c`ŗi`r. \JV joreienehoseikeėemko O-Ngslot sus`r.

\VEK

\J

Cutgm

UùhM-H`mìO-Ngslot

M

M

T

SJ

+

+

-

--


• Uìmİz cur`k` êgh ümonie cer

`yrİmtİ v`rkİr. O-Ngslot―ems`kofo ’gm„ vo ’gll„ kuruni`rİ

Cur`y` h`k`r êİhi`m`mi`rk`m

ygi êİh`r`h O-Ngslot eiotr`msestürùm (CB[) ymİ



s`kofo g o g ku u `gin`kİėİ vo `r` kuruni`rk` k`y`rİ joêerjom gi`r`h

êìİŗ`ceikeėe eêem, jùêuyjui`nì`rİmk` O-Ngslot―euy`r`f`h gi`m joreienem (\JV),

t ` s stü ù ( B ) `yn`mtİhi` êìİŗtİhi`rİ y`meuy`rİikİėİ sùrofo eiotenko

gikuhi`rİ, uy`rİ hoseikeėemko esoc`ŗh` cer eŗiono jorohhìn`hsİzİm yìİtİn` joêtehiore

oion`mİ t`n gi`r`h eiotenojoêeroceiofoh joreienemsoveyosemko gin`sİjorohnohtoker.

• O-Ngslot―e t`n eiotenojoêerofoh gi`m uy`rn` joreiene(\JV) soveyose, ùrotefet`r`lİmk`m oion`mİm ceijey`pr`hi`rİmk` voreinohtoker.


jürùinohtoker.

Tohe ehese `r`sİmk`he l`rh mo7 O-ngslot eio CB[ `r`sİmk`he

l`rh, CB[―mem `hİni` (ECO), O-Ngslot―em eso joreienio (\JV)

hgmtrgi okeinoseker he cus`yoko O-Ngslot CB[―o jürokà` aİziİ `màt`ri`m`ceier.


• O-Ngslot―em [onoi [ost Kovrose

vo H`r`htoresteh Oėrese8• @ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-3.<0―ko O-

@ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-3.<3―ko eso O-

Ngslot―em tonoi h`r`htorestehoėreioremkom hİn-joreien (EK-



@ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei 3.<0 ko ONgslot―em tonoi h`r`htorestehoėresemem êİh`rİikİėİ tonoi tost

kovrose jürùinohtoker.• @ŗ`ėİk`he c`ėi`mtİ ŗohie eio O-Ngslot―em kgėru yüm êìİŗn`sİ,

’ „

ė j (\KV) oėrese (êİhİŗ h`r`htorestehoėrese) jürùinohtoker.

EKKgėru

s êovreioroh ko tors yüm êìİŗn`sİ



-EK

-\KV

+\n`x

. K+, V-

[ors (jore) yümK-, V+

êìİŗn`k`

O-Ngslotz`r`r jürùr!

Vùrohie [`n_y`rn`y`pİiİrs`

\KV

\KVgm


• H`r`htoresteh oėrekom jürùikùėù

jece keygt, kgėru yümko 4,:\―k`msgmr` homkeieėemkom eioteno

h O N l t h \

Cu kurunk` O-Ngslot―em, kgėru

yümiù (K+, V-) joreienko,uy`rİin`z eso cigh`b y`p`m, t`n

ik ė t hte k e t ei te



joêorhom, O-Ngslot `mf`h \n`x.joreienemo ui`ŗİikİėİmk`homkeieėemkom eioteno joênohtoker.

• Cu ŗoheiko eioteno joênoestomnoyom cer kurunkur. O-Ngslot―em kg ru ümko ko mgrnì

uy`rİikİėİ t`hterko eso t`n eiotenojoêom, kgėru yümiù joreien ìtİmkèiotene vo yìİtİnİ hgmtrgi

okeioceiom, [ors yümiù (K-, V+) joreienko eso

`si` ìİ `n` `m ìİ tİrİikİ İgi`r`h eioteno joêoceinose eêem

uy`rİ voreinose, yìİtİn`joêereioceinose eêemso uy`rİmİmêoheinose jorohnohtoker.

• [ors yümko eso O-Ngslot `si`êìİŗ`n`z, y`me O-Ngslot―em tors

joreien cigh`b h`ceieyote yghtur.[ors joreien voreikeėemko CB[cigh`b y`p`n`y`r`h y`m`r.


t`hterko cgzui`m, toh (+) yümiù

`hİn `hİt`m cer y`rİeiothom jùê`màt`rİ gikuėu jürùinohtoker.

O-Ngslot, cu üzoiiehioreyio KF―koêìİŗtİrİin`h eêem uyjum cer `màt`rkurunumk`kİr.

O-Ngslot―em cu üzoiieėe s`yosemkoVFS―ko huii`mİi`m zgri` susturn`kùzomohiore huii`mİin`z.


• O-Ngslot―iorko, oion`mİm a`mje

kuruni`rk` t`n eioten voy` t`nyìİtİn, a`mje kuruni`rk` k`

ieleh ( ùh it )

ŝohei-3.<6―kom jürùikùėù jece

O-Ngslot―em Krèm `hİnİmİm (EK)neht`rİ, t`n`nom J-V



`npieleh`sygm (yùhsoitno)ngkumk` gikuėumu jüstorom êghümonie cer h`r`htoresteh oėre kà`

v`rkİr, cu oėre `ŗ`ėİk` ŝohei-3.<6―ko jürùinohtoker.

`r`sİmk`he hgmtrgi joreienememkoėoremo c`ėiİkİr.

Cu c`ėi`mtİ ùrotefe t`r`lİmk`mp`r`notroyio (jn) voreinohtogiu , ` İk`he ece üstoreier8


Ürmoh, jn> ?4 (jn> EK / \JV)

EK> jn.\JV voy` \JV> EK / jn

Jürùikùėù jece Krèm `hİnİ\JV joreienemem ’jn„ h`tİkİr.

@màt`ri`n` uyjui`nì`rİmk`\JV joreiene y` ’n`x.„ y`k` ’4„soêeioroh hgmtrgi y`pİiİr.

\JV(n`x)

EK(n`x)

EK(sİz.)

\KV(n`x)\KV(s`t.)

\JV(;)

\JV(6)

\JV(3)

\JV(0)

\JV(nem)

EK

\KV

Hosen cüijose K

g y u n c

ü i j o s

e


• @ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-3.<;―ko O-Ngslot

KF―ko êìİŗn`sİmİ ezioyoceinoheêem hurui`m kovro jürùinohtoker. \s

+\ υt

t0 t3 t6 t;



• U`mk`he ŝohei-3.<?―ko esoO-Ngslot―em KF h`ym`h ìtİmk`

eioten vo yìİtİnİmİm hgmtrgiokeinose, kovromem êìİŗn` kìj`ŗoheiioreyio ceriehto voreineŗter.

―

\JV

υt

• ` om - gs o or `f `ym` ``si` êìİŗtİrİi`n`z êùmhù tors

joreiene cigho okonoz vo y`m`ri`r.


gm gll gmgll

\SI

\KV

EK

υt

υt


• ŝohei-3-<?―kom jürùikùėù jece 4-t0

`rìİėİmk` O-Ngslot yìİtİnk`cuiumn`ht`kİr.

t0 k O N l t―e J V

O-Ngslot―iorem Vore vo T`rìoi

C`ėi`mn`sİ8 O-Ngslot―ior, s`kofo KF―ko



• t0 mİmk` O-Ngslot―em J-V r`sİm`pgzetel cer uy`rn` joreieneuyjui`mkİėİmk` oion`m aonomeioteno joênohtoker.

• t0-t3 rìİėİmk` eiotenko hì`m- ―

,êìİŗ`ceiom y`rİeiothomoion`mi`r gikuėu eêem kà` êgh

KF-KF kümùŗtùrùfù voemvortüriorko ygėum gi`r`hhuii`mİin`ht`kİr.

joreiene hoseikeėemko (sİlİr`

kùŗtùėùmko), oion`m aonomyìİtİn` joênohtoker.

• t6 mİmk` oion`m tohr`r pgzeteljoreien eio uy`rİikİėİmk` yemoeioteno joênohtoker.

• Hİs`f`sİ aon eioteno aon koyìİtİn` joênose J-V `r`sİmk`mrà`tiİhi` hgmtrgi okeioceinohtoker.


Jùmùnùzko gikuhê` l`zi`

huii`mİi`m O-Ngslotior―emyùhsoh `hİn vo joreieniorkoêìİŗİin`sİ jorohteėemko keygt,trestür vo keėor oion`mi`rk`gikuėu jece sore voy` p`rìoic`ėi`mn` prgsokùrùuyjui`m`ceier.



EE - U@SEĴIO[HOM JÙÊ @M@A[@SI@SE@ŗ`ėİk` cer O-Ngslot―em ceije y`pr`ėİ (k`t`saoot) jürùinohtoker.





• Uìİtİinİŗ H`pİiİ [r`msestür

(EJC[), [onoi U`pİsİ voÊìİŗn`sİ8

• O-Ngslot―iorko eso CB[―yo jüro

t`n torse kurun süz hgmusukur.U`me Ngslot―em hütù t`r`lİ, eioteneê keromfemem yùhsoh kgi`yİsİyi`



• Jùmùnùzko jùê oiohtrgmeėeuyjui`nì`rİmk` om l`zi`

huii`mİi`m oion`mi`rk`m ceresegi`m EJC[, tr`msestür (CB[) eio O-Ngslot h`rİŗİnİ üzoi cer

eê keromfemem yùhsoh kgi`yİsİyi`k` eioten h`yİpi`rİ tr`msestürojüro kà` l`zi` gin`sİkİr. Ĵyet`r`lİ eso `màt`ri`mn`sùrosemem kùŗùh, kgi`yİsİyi` k`

oion`mkİr.

• Ceiemkeėe jece CB[―mem eye t`r`lİeioten eê keromfemem kgi`yİsİyi` kèioten h`yİpi`rİmİm kùŗùhgin`sİkİr. Hütù t`r`lİ eso`màt`ri`mn` sùrosemem uzum

gin`sİ kgi`yİsİyi` k``màt`ri`n` h`yİpi`rİmİm yùhsohgin`sİkİr.

tr`msestüro jüro kà` `z

gin`sİkİr.• Ĵŗto aor ehe oion`mİm eye

üzoiiehiore ìİm`r`h yome ceroion`m joieŗtereineŗter. Cuoion`m jereŗe ngslot jecey`pİi`mkİrİinİŗ êİhİŗİ esotr`msestür jece y`pİi`mkİrİinİŗ gi`m EJC[―ker.


EE - U@SEĴIO[HOM JÙÊ @M@A[@SI@SE• EJC[―or hgmtrgi sİr`sİmk`

ngslot jece êìİŗn` sİr`sİmkèso tr`msestür jece k`vr`m`m vos`kofo `màt`r gi`r`h



s`kofo màt`r gi`r`hhuii`mİi`m oion`mi`rkİr.

• ŝohei-3.<<―k` EJC[―memy`rİeiothom y`pİsİ vo oŗkoėorkovrose jürùinohtoker. Oŗkoėorkovrokom jürùikùėù jece EJC[y`pİsİ, jereŗ tornemìiore `r`sİm`M-H`m i O-Ngslot c`ėi`mnİŗ cer TMT tr`msestür jeceker. Cus`yoko Ngslot jece aİziİ`màt`ri`m`m, tr`msestür (CB[)

jece eioten eê keromfe kùŗùh gi`myome cer oion`mgiuŗturuinuŗtur.



• EJC[, cu s`yoko sgm

z`n`mi`rk` kà` ümfokomtr`msestür vo O-Ngslot―emhuii`mİikİėİ tùn `màt`ri`n`

Jùê oiohtrgmeėe

uyjui`nì`rİmk` kà` êgh KF-KF kümùŗtùrùfù (KF hİyİfİ) voKF @F kümùŗtùrùfù (Ĵmvortür)



huii`mİikİėİ tùn `màt`ri`nùyjui`nì`rİmk` êgh y`yjİm

gi`r`h huii`mİin`ht`kİr.• Tr`tehto kùŗùh joreienieu ui`nì`rk` kà` gh O-

KF-@F kümùŗtùrùfù (Ĵmvortür)kovroioremko torfea okeiom

EJC[―ior, êgh kùŗùhlroh`msi`rk`m (0-3Az), grt`lroh`msi`r` (34hAz) h`k`r

Ngslot, yùhsoh joreienie (;44\

vo ùzore) kà` êgh EJC[ torfeaokeinohto giup soncgiù ŝohei-3.<:―ko jürùikùėù jeceker.


hgmtrgiiu màt`r gi`r`hhuii`mİi`ceinohto giup, 0344\-;44@ soveyoioremo h`k`r gi`mvorseygmi`rİ cuiumn`ht`kİr.

EJC[―ior, tİphİ O-Ngslot―ior jecejoreien hgmtrgiiu cer y`rİeiothom

`màt`rkİr vo hgmtrgiumk` O-Ngslot prgsokùrù uyjui`mİr.

J`to, J

Hgiiohtür, F

Onetor, O

EJC[


• Notì Ghsetie Lot [r`msestürùm

(O-Ngslot) Êìİŗtİrİin`sİ8• @ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-3.<1―ko

EJC[― e i t i c iù

ŝohei-3.<1―kom jürùikùėù jece,

uy`rn` cutgmum` c`sİin`kİėİsùrofo EJC[, hgiiohtür eioonetor `r`sİm` joiom kgėru



EJC[―mem êìİŗtİrİin`sİ soncgiùùzoremko jürùinohtoker.

Cur`k` \s h`ym`ėİ yùhùcosionohio jürovie gi`m `m`h` m`htİr. \J eso tr`msestürù

onetor `r`sİm` joiom kgėruyümiù joreieno cigh`b y`p`f`h

vo yìİtİnk` hì`f`htİr. EJC[ eioteno joêereinoh

estomke emko eso u `rnùy`rn`k` huii`mİi`m h`ym`htİr.


cutgmum` c`sİi`r`h J`to (h`pİ)

eio Onetor `r`sİmk` cer uy`rn`joreienemem giuŗn`sİ s`ėi`mİrvo cu s`yoko EJC[ eiotenojoêoroh hgiiohtür―kom onetor―okgėru yùh `hİnİmİ (EF)

`hİtn`y` c`ŗi`r. \JO joreienehoseikeėemko EJC[ sus`r.

\VEF

\J

Cutgm

Uùh

EJC[

SJ


• Uìmİz cur`k` êgh ümonie cer

`yrİmtİ v`rkİr. EJC[―mem s`kofo’gm„ vo ’gll„ kuruni`rİ gin`kİėİvo `r` kuruni`rk` k` y`rİ

Cur`y` h`k`r êİhi`m`mi`rk`m

ygi êİh`r`h EJC[―e eio O-Ngslot―em `ymİ n`mtİhi`êìİŗtİhi`rİ y`me uy`rİikİėİ



vo `r` kuruni`rk` k` y`rİjoêerjom gi`r`h êìİŗ`ceikeėe

eêem, jùê oiohtrgmeėeuyjui`nì`rİmk` EJC[―yeuy`r`f`h gi`m joreienem (\JO),

êìİŗtİhi`rİ y`me uy`rİikİėİsùrofo eiotenko gikuhi`rİ, uy`rİ

hoseikeėemko eso c`ŗh` cereŗiono joroh hìn`hsİzİmyìİtİn` joêtehiore

oion`mİ t`n gi`r`h eiotenojoêeroceiofoh joreienemsoveyosemko gin`sİjorohnohtoker.

• EJC[―ye t`n eioteno joêerofohgi`m uy`rn` joreiene (\JO)

soveyose, ùrotefe t`r`lİmk`moion`mİm ceije y`pr`hi`rİmk``yrİmtİiİ gi`r`h voreinohtoker.


jürùinohtoker.

Tohe ehese `r`sİmk`he l`rh mo7 EJC[, üzoiiehio yùhsoh joreien

vo `hİn ìtİmk` aİziİ gi`r`h`màt`ri`m`ceiofoh ŗoheikoenì okeikeėemkom, yùhsohjoreien vo `hİnk` O-Ngslot―ojüro `v`mt`biİ kurunk`kİr.


• EJC[―mem [onoi [ost Kovrose

vo H`r`htoresteh Oėrese8• @ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-3.<5―k` EJC[―mem

tonoi h`r`htoresteh oėresemem

@ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-3.:4―ko EJC[―mem

tonoi h`r`htoresteh oėreioremkomgi`m `hİn-joreien (EF-\FO) oėrese(êİhİŗ h`r`htoresteh oėrese)



tonoi h`r`htoresteh oėresememêİh`rİikİėİ tonoi tost kovrosejürùinohtoker.

• @ŗ`ėİk`he c`ėi`mtİ ŗohie eioEJC[―mem kgėru yüm êìİŗn`sİ,

’ „

jürùinohtoker.

EF

En`x.Kgėru

(eiore) yüms




-EF

-\FO

+\n`x

F+, O-

[ors (jore) yümF-, O+

êìİŗn`kÈJC[

z`r`r jürùr!

Vùrohie [`n_y`rn`y`pİiİrs`

\FO

\FOgm


• H`r`htoresteh oėrekom jürùikùėù

jece keygt, kgėru yümko 4,:\―k`msgmr` homkeieėemkom eiotenojoêorhom, EJC[ `mf`h \n`x.

Cu kurunk` EJC[―mem, kgėru

yümiù (F+, O-) joreienko,uy`rİin`z eso cigh`b y`p`m, t`nuy`rİikİėİ t`hterko eso t`n eioteno



joreienemo ui`ŗİikİėİmk`homkeieėemkom eioteno joênohtoker.

• Cu ŗoheiko eioteno joênoestomnoyom cer kurunkur.EJC[―mem kg ru ümko ko mgrnì

joêom, kgėru yümiù joreien ìtİmkèiotene vo yìİtİnİ hgmtrgi

okeioceiom, [ors yümiù (F-, O+) joreienko eso

`si` ìİ `n` `m ìİ tİrİikİ İgi`r`h eioteno joêoceinose eêemuy`rİ voreinose, yìİtİn`joêereioceinose eêemso uy`rİmİmêoheinose jorohnohtoker.

• [ors yümko eso EJC[ si`êìİŗ`n`z, y`me EJC[―mem tors

joreien cigh`b h`ceieyote yghtur.[ors joreien voreikeėemko EJC[cigh`b y`p`n`y`r`h y`m`r.


t`hterko cgzui`m, toh (+) yümiù`hİn `hİt`m cer y`rİeiothom jùê`màt`rİ gikuėu jürùinohtoker.

EJC[, cu üzoiiehioreyio KF―koêìİŗtİrİin`h eêem uyjum cer `màt`rkurunumk`kİr.

EJC[―mem cu üzoiieėe s`yosemkoVFS―ko huii`mİi`m zgri` susturn`kùzomohiore huii`mİin`z.


• EJC[―iorko, oion`mİm a`mje

kuruni`rk` t`n eioten voy`t`n yìİtİn, a`mje kuruni`rk`k` `npieleh`sygm (yùhsoitno)

ŝohei-3.:0―kom jürùikùėù jece

EJC[―mem Hgiiohtür `hİnİmİm(EF) neht`rİ, t`n`nom F-O`r`sİmk`he hgmtrgi joreienemem



k` `npieleh`sygm (yùhsoitno)ngkumk` gikuėumu jüstorom

êgh ümonie cer h`r`htoresteh oėrekà` v`rkİr, cu oėre `ŗ`ėİk`ŝohei-3.:0―ko jürùinohtoker.

`r`sİmk`he hgmtrgi joreienememkoėoremo c`ėiİkİr.

Cu c`ėi`mtİ, ùrotefe t`r`lİmk`mp`r`notroyio (jn) voreinohtogiu , ` İk`he ece üstoreier8


Ürmoh, jn> ?4 (jn> EF / \JO)

EF> jn.\JO voy` \JO> EF / jn

Jürùikùėù jece hgiiohtür `hİnİ\JO joreienemem ’jn„ h`tİkİr.

@màt`ri`n` uyjui`nì`rİmk`\JO joreiene y` ’n`x.„ y`k` ’4„soêeioroh hgmtrgi y`pİiİr.

\JO(n`x)

EF(n`x)

EF(sİz.)

\FO(n`x)\FO(s`t.)

\JO(;)

\JO(6)

\JO(3)

\JO(0)

\JO(nem)

EF

\FO

Hosen cüijose K g y u n c

ü i j o s e


• @ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-3.:3―ko EJC[―mem

kf―ko ê iİŗn`sİmİ ezioyoceinoh eêemhurui`m kovro jürùinohtoker.

• U`mk`he ŝohei-3.:6―ko eso\s

+\

υt

t0 t3 t6 t;



U`mk`he ŝohei 3.:6 ko esoEJC[―mem kf h`ym`h ìtİmk` eiotenvo yìİtİnİmİm hgmtrgi okeinose,kovromem êìİŗn` kìj` ŗoheiioreyioceriehto voreineŗter.

―

\JOυt

• ` om or `f `ym` ` s `êìİŗtİrİi`n`z êùmhù tors joreiene

cigho okonoz vo y`m`r.


gm gll gmgll

\SI

\FO

EF

υt

υt




• EJC[―iorko kv/kt vo ke/kt


joreienko y`rİeiothom jùê

EJC[―mem Hgmtrgi Kİŗİ Ĵioteno

Joênose8 EJC[―mem hgmtrgi kİŗİ gi`r`h eioteno

joênosemo, kgi`yİsİyi` k`



`màt`ri`rİ estomnokeėe aìkoùzorioremkom `hİn joêernohto vo

y`mn`ht`kİri`r.• EJC[―ior eêem ko cu gi`y t`n`nom

cgzuin`sİm` mokom gi`m ; kurunv`rkİr. Cu kuruni`r8

0) Uùhsoh sİf`hiİh,

3) Uùhsoh vgit`b,



• ke/kt eêem ìİmn`sİ jorohom ümion

eso yemo keygt vo trestürko gikuėujece, oion`m` sore gi`r`h uyjum ceromkùht`msİm (I) c`ėi`mn`sİkİr.



;) Aİziİ `hİn koėeŗene.

EJC[―mem cu kuruni`rk` hgmtrgikİŗİ gi`r`h eioteno joênosemeomjoiionoh eêem keygti`rk` vo keėorjùê oion`mi`rİmk` `yrİmtİsİyi`




ÜKO\-;

;.0) 344\kf ŗocoho êìİŗ`f`h vo ?ℬ―iuh cer yùhù cosioyofoh gi`m KF-KF kü ù ù ù ù (KF h ) k e e e ce N l



KF kümùŗtùrùfù (KF hİyİfİ) kovrose eêem uyjum cer Ngslotcoierioyoroh emtormot grt`nİmk` ceije y`pr`hi`rİ (k`t`saoots)ùzoremkom `r`ŗtİrİmİz. Ngslot y`pİsİmİ, jomoi üzoiiehioreme, tonoip`r`notroioreme, ùrotefe lernì`rİmİ, [ùrheyo tonseifeioreme vo s`tİŗ

.

;.3) <44\kf ŗocoho ê iİŗ`f`h vo ?ℬ―iuh cer yùhù cosioyofoh gi`m KF-@F kümùŗtùrùfù (Ĵmvortür) kovrose eêem uyjum cer EJC[ coierioyorohemtormot grt`nİmk` ceije y`pr`hi`rİ (k`t`saoots) ùzoremkom`r`ŗtİrİmİz. EJC[ y`pİsİmİ, jomoi üzoiiehioreme, tonoi p`r`notroioreme,ùrotefe lernì`rİmİ, [ùrheyo tonseifeioreme vo s`tİŗ ley`tİmİ jüstorom cer

r`pgr a`zİri`yİmİz.




EEE ‖ _U@SN@ OION@MI@SE vo KO\SOIOSĴ

• @- JÙÊ [SĴV[ÜSIOSĴMĴM

_U@SEIN@VE2• Kà` ümfoko `êİhi`mkİėİ jece

jùê trestüriore, êgh hİs` sùroie

[ cee he cu oion`mi`rİ

ŗocohomem aor itorm`msİmk`ŗocohoye jüroroh uy`r`ceinohjorohnohtoker.



jùê trestüriore, êgh hİs` sùroie(0-3ns jece) eėmo pìsior

huii`mİi`r`h uy`rİi`m hgmtrgiiuy`rİeiothom jùê `màt`ri`rİkİr.

Cu kurunk` jùê trestürioreme

`f―ko êìİŗİrhom othem cerŗoheiko uy`r`ceinoh eêemŗocoho eio somhrgmezo (uyuniu)

,aon f―ko aon ko kf―ko

êìİŗ`ceiom oion`mi`rkİ. Cuoion`mi`rİm f―ko êìİŗtİrİin`sİkurunumk` ŗocohomem aorìtorm`msİmk` om `z cer horouy`rİin`sİ jorohnohtoker.Êùmhù aor ìtorm`ms sgmumk`susn`ht`kİri`r.


eėmo pìsior ùrotnohjorohnohtoker. Kùzjùm kf―koêìİŗn` sİr`sİmk` eso ŗocohosomhrgmez`sygmujorohnoyofohter.

Ĵŗto cu tùr kovroioro trestür

uy`rn` (totehiono) kovroiorekomeinohtoker.




• 0) _B[ vo _B[ Huii`mİi`r`h

U`pİi`m _y`rn` Kovroiore8• [oh Cerioŗenie [r`msestür (_B[),trestür totehionoh (uy`rn`h) eêemüzoi gi`r`h ùroteineŗ cer

ŝohei-6.0―kom jürùikùėù jece

_B[, cer p`rê` M vo cer p`rê` Tn`kkosemem cerioŗnosemkomgiuŗnuŗtur. Cu mokomio_B[―yo toh cerioŗenie tr`msestür



üzoi gi`r`h ùroteineŗ ceroion`mkİr vo jürove estomeiom

lroh`mst` eėmo pìs ùrotnohter.• @ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-6.0―ko _B[―mem

_B[ yo toh cerioŗenie tr`msestürkomeinohtoker.

Oion`mİm 3 `kot coyz tornemìevo cer `kot ko onetor tornemìe,

soncgiù jürùinohtoker.


cuiumn`ht`kİr.

Oŗkoėor kovroko C3-O`r`sİmk`he y`rİeiothom keromfe’r3„ eio, O-C0 `r`sİmk`hey`rİeiothom keromfe eso ’r0„ eiojüstoreineŗter. T-M

n`kkoioremem cerioŗene eso ’K„eio el`ko okeineŗter.

TM @

3.Coyz, C3

0.Coyz, C0

OnetorO

C3

C0

O

r3

r0

K


• Oŗkoėor kovroko ’r0„

keromfemem `y`riİ gi`r`hjüstoreinosemem mokome eso_B[―mem eioteno joênosesİr`sİmk` cu keromfem grt`k`m

ŝohei-6.3―kom jürùikùėù jece,

ümfoiehio _B[―mem êìİŗn`yà`zİr aìo joioceinose eêem C3tornemìe eio JMK `r`sİm` cerpgi`rn` joreiene (+\ 03 0?\)



sİr`sİmk` cu keromfem grt`k`m

hìhn`sİkİr. @ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-6.3―ko _B[―mem tonoi tostkovrose jürùinohtoker.

pgi`rn` joreiene (+\C> 03-0?\)c`ėi`mn`sİ vo ’E

C„ `hİnİmİm

`hn`sİmİm s`ėi`mn`sİjorohnohtoker.


_B[―mem C3-C0 `r`sİmk`he eêkeromfe 1-04hℬ fev`rİmk`gikuėu eêem ’EC„ `hİnİ 0-3n@fev`rİmk` gi`f`htİr.

Cu kurunk` oŗkoėor kovrokojürùiom ’@„ mght`sİmk`

y`hi`ŗİh \C /3 h`k`r cer c`r`bjoreiene giuŗ`f`htİr.

C3

C0

O+\C

Tìsêİhİŗİ

JMK\OSg

Cutgm EO

EC

EEE ‖ _U@SN@ OION@MI@SE vo KO\SOIOSĴ• Cu kurunk` hİn êgh kùŗùh

gikuė

u eêem pìs êİhİŗİmk`m semyìoiko okeionoyofohter. _B[

êİhİŗİmk`m pìs oiko okoceinoheêem tost kovrosemkohe cutgm`c`sİi`f`h giurs` oėor \ = \ /3

_B[, uy`rİi`f`h koėei uy`rn`

pìse ùrotofoh cer oion`mkİr.Cu mokomio `ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-6.;―ko jürùiom uyjui`n`kovrose hurui`r`h _B[―mem S F



c`sİi`f`h giurs`, oėor \O = \C /3eso, oion`m ŝohei-6.6―kom

jürùikùėù jece trestür comzorek`vr`m`f`h vo O-C0 `r`sİ hİs`kovro gi`f`htİr.

kovrose hurui`r`h _B[ mem S.Fz`n`m s`cetosemo c`ėiİ gi`r`h`rh` rh`y` pìs ùrotnoses`ėi`m`ceier. Cur`k` \O


j rov m ’ „ st omn ŗt r.

C3

C0

O+\

Tìsêİhİŗİ

JMK

S

FSg

Eo

-Eo

-\oc

+\T

En`x.

Kgėru

(eiore) yümO+, C0-

[ors Uümko

Êìİŗtİrİin`z

\oc


• ŝohei-6.;―kohe kovroyo +\C joreiene

uyjui`mkİėİmk` aon _B[ eêemjorohie gi`m pgi`rn` `hİnİ `h`f`hvo c`r`b joreiene giuŗ`f`h, aon koS keromfe ùzoremkom F

_B[―mem O-C0 `r`sİmİm yìİtİn`

joênoseyio ceriehto kovrokohe Fhgmk`ms`türù yomekom ŗ`rb gin`y`(kgin`y`) c`ŗi`y`f`htİr. Cukurunk` kovrokohe kìj` ŗoheiiore,



hgmk`ms`türù S.F z`n`m

s`cetosemo jüro kgin`y`c`ŗi`y`f`htİr.

• F hgmk`ms`türùmùm oreiene _B[

ŝohei-6.?―kohe jece gi`f`htİr.

+03\t0 t3 t6 t; t? t<

eêemkohe c`r`b joreieneme `ŗtİėİmkÒ-C0 `r`sİ hİs` kovro gi`f`h vo F

ùzoremkohe joreien êİhİŗt`jürùmofohter.

• C0, êİhİŗ ufum` c`ėiİ gi`m Sgkeromfe êgh hùêùh koėorie (?4-

044ℬ fev`rİ) gikuėumk`m Fhgmk`ms`türù aİzi` cgŗì`f`h vo_B[ tohr`r yìİtİn` joêofohter.


C

\F

\G

\T

\T

υ

υt

υt

[ [[ [ > S.F

[l(pìs)> 0 / [


• ŝohei-6.?―kom jürùikùėù jece,

kovrokohe F hgmk`ms`türù t0`mİm` h`k`r S.F z`n`m s`cetosemojüro y`v`ŗ y`v`ŗ kgin`ht`,joreien soveyose \T soveyosemo

_B[ êİhİŗİmk` giuŗ`m pìsiorem

lroh`msİ t`n`nom kovrokohe S voF oion`mi`rİmİm koėoremo c`ėiİgi`r`h koėeŗnohtoker. Giuŗ`mpìsiorem porygku8



ui`ŗtİėİmk` eso _B[―mem O-C0 `r`sİ

hİs` kovro gi`f`ėİmk`m Fhgmk`ms`türù êgh aİziİ cer ŗoheikokoŗ`rb gin`ht`kİr.

[ ≁ S.F.imX0/(0-κ )^ ≁ 0 / l

oŗetieėe huii`mİi`r`hcuium`ceinohtoker. Cur`k`,

• Cu sİr`k` O-C0 `r`sİ eiotenko

gikuėu eêem hgmk`ms`tür joreiene

gikuėu jece êİhİŗt` jürùmnohtoker.• Hgmk`ms`tür ŗ`rbİmİm cetnoseyio

`hİn hoseikeėe eêem _B[ yìİtİn`joênohto vo hgmk`ms`tür tohr`r

ŗ`rb gi`n`y` c`ŗi`n`ht`kİr.• Cu ŗoheiko êİhİŗ uêi`rİmk` eėmop isior giuŗn`ht`kİr.


2 ` s or m poryg s ros s ,

S2 Kovrokohe keromê (ℬ),

F2 Kovrokohe hgmk`ms`tür (L),κ2 _B[―mem joreien cüino gr`mİ,

l2 Tìs lroh`msİ (Az).

Uìmİz cu kurunk` kovrokoùroteiom pìsior aora`mje cer `fŗocoho eio uyuniu koėeiker.


• _B[ huii`m`r`h cer trestür―ùm

êìİŗtİėİ `f ŗocoho eio uyuniugi`r`h hgmtrgi okeinose ŝohei-6.<―k` he c`ėi`mtİ eionùnhùmkùr. ŝohei-6.:―ko esok e k i heii e

+\z

\V



kovromem kìj` ŗoheiiore

jürùinohtoker.

+\

\T

υt


\F

EG

ET

υt

υt

τ 3τ 6τΰ

\[


• ŝohei-6.:―kom jürùikùėù jece

_B[ kovrosemo s`kofo trestürùmêìİŗtİėİ ŗocohomem pgzetelìtorm`msi`rİmk` cosionojoreiene (+\) joinohto vo _B[

Cu c`ėi`mtİ y`rkİnİyi` `f

ŗocohoko êìİŗ`m vo aor pgzetelìtorm`ms sgmr`sİmk` sus`mtrestürùm, aor pgzetel ìtorm`mst`tohr`r uy`rİin`sİ



joreiene (+\) joinohto vo _B[cu `rìİht` pìsùrotoceinohtoker.

• ocohomem mo `tel

to ` uy` `ss`ėi`mn`ht`kİr.

@ymİ z`n`mk` cu c`ėi`mtİs`yosemko trestürùm uy`rİin`

ìtorm`msi`rİmk` eso _B[kovrosemo cosiono joreiene(+\) ui`ŗn`y`f`ėİ eêem oion`mêìİŗ`n`y`f`h vo pìsùrotonoyofohter.

• R`tom trestür uy`rİrhom cezen

estokeėenez ko cukur, êùmhùtrestür moj`telto uy`rİin`z.


`êİsİmİ (ΰ) koėeŗternoh konùnhùmkùr. Cumum eêem _B[

kovrosemkohe ’S„ keromfeme`y`riİ y`pn`h jorohnohtoker.

Cu s`yoko pìsiorem lroh`msİ(sİhiİėİ) koėeŗtereioroh, trestür

y`hi`ŗİh 4² eio 014² `r`sİmkèstomeiom `êİk` uy`rİi`ceier.


• _B[ huii`m`r`h cer trey`h―İm k`

êìİŗtİėİ `f ŗocoho eio uyuniugi`r`h hgmtrgi okeinose ŝohei-6.1―ko he c`ėi`mtİ eionùnhùmkùr. ŝohei-6.5―k` esoko romem kìj` oheiiore

+\z

\V



kovromem kìj` ŗoheiiore

jürùinohtoker. +\

\T

υt


\F

EG

ET

υt

υt

τ 3τ 6τΰ

\[




• 3) T_[ vo T_[ Huii`mİi`r`h

U`pİi`m _y`rn` Kovroiore8• Trgjr`ni m`ceier _B[ (T_[),trestür totehionoh (uy`rn`h) eêemüzoi gi`r`h ùroteineŗ cer

i k ü e e t ei

ŝohei-6.04―k`m jürùikùėù jece

T_[, tİphİ jomoi `n`êiİ trestür(VFS) jece, ehe p`rê` M vo ehep`rê` T n`kkosememcerioŗnosemkom giuŗnuŗtur.



oion`mkİr vo jürove estomeiom

lroh`mst` eėmo pìs ùrotnohter.• @ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-6.04―k` T_[

Oion`mİm trestürko gikuėu jece,`mgk, h`tgk vo j`to (h`pİ)tornemìiore cuiumn`ht`kİr.

,soncgiù jürùinohtoker.


T_[―um trestürkom l`rhİ esoŝohei-6.04―k`m jürùikùėù jece

j`to (J) tornemìemem h`tgk`y`hİm gi`m T n`kkosemkomkoėei, `mgk` y`hİm gi`m Mn`kkosemkom êİh`rtİinİŗ

gin`sİkİr. Cu s`yoko T_[,@―k`m J―yo kgėru hİtİi`f`h`hİni` uy`rİi`ceinohtoker.

T

M

T

M

J`toJ

@mgk, @

H`tgk, H

EJ@

J

H


• Cu ŗoheiko cer y`pİ T_[―um

eėmo pìs ùrotnoh eêemhuii`mİin`sİmİ hgi`yi`ŗtİrnİŗtİr.• Oion`m` T_[ komnosemem

sococe eso, _B[―ko aeêi i c

ŝohei-6.00―kom jürùikùėù jece,

ümfoiehio T_[―um êìİŗn`yà`zİr aìo joioceinose eêemJ`to tornemìe eio JMK `r`sİm`cer oŗeh joreiene (\J) vo @mgk



`y`ri`m`n`y`m pìs cgyumum

`y`ri`m`ceier aìo joinoseker.• @ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-6.00―ko

―

eio JMK `r`sİm` k` cercosiono joreiene (\@)c`ėi`mnìİkİr.

jürùinohtoker.


Oėor \@ joreiene \J

joreienemkom om `z 4,:\ kà`

cùyùh eso cutgm` c`sİikİėİmk`@―k`m J―yo kgėru cer uy`rn``hİnİ `h`f`h, T_[ eiotenojoêoroh E@ `hİnİ `hn`y`

c`ŗi`y`f`h vo \@ joreienekovromem pìs êİhİŗ uêi`rİmk`jürùmofohter.

Tìsêİhİŗİ

JMKSg\@

Cutgm

T_[

\J

EJ

E@


• T_[―um yìİtİn` joêoceinose

eêemso trestürko gikuėu jece`mgk `hİnİmİm (E@) sİlİr`kùŗnose yotorie gi`f`htİr.

• T_[ y`pİsİ vo êìİŗn`sİ trestür

T_[ k` uy`rİi`f`h cer oion`mkoėei uy`rn` p ise ùrotofoh ceroion`mkİr. Cu mokomio `ŗ`ėİk`heŝohei-6.06―ko jürùiom uyjui`n`kovrose hurui r`h T_[―um S.Fz`n`m s`cetosemo c`ėiİ gi`r`h



T_[ y`pİsİ vo êìİŗn`sİ trestür

jece gikuėu eêem h`r`htorestehoėrese ŝohei-6.03―ko jürùinohtogiu trestürko giku u eceker.

z`n`m s`cetosemo c`ėiİ gi`r`h

`rh` rh`y` p is ùrotnoses`ėi`m`ceier. Cur`k` \J joreiene,S0-S3 joreien cüiùfùsù eio


s`ėi`mn`ht`kİr.E@

-E@

-\@H

+\T

En`x.Kgėru

(eiore) yüm@+, H-

[ors UümkoÊìİŗtİrİin`z

\@H


• ŝohei-6.06―kohe kovroyo +\O

joreiene uyjui`mkİėİmk` aonT_[―um J tornem ie eêem jorohiegi`m pgi`rn` `hİnİ `h`f`h voc`r`b joreiene giuŗ`f`h, aon ko Skeromfe ùzoremkom F hgmk`ms`türù

T_[―um @-H `r`sİmİm yìİtİn`joênoseyio ceriehto kovrokohe Fhgmk`ms`türù yomekom ŗ`rb gin`y`(kgin`y`) c`ŗi`y`f`htİr. Cukurunk` kovrokohe kìj` ŗoheiiore,ŝohei-6.0;―kohe jece gi`f`htİr.



keromfe ùzoremkom F hgmk`ms`türù

S.F z`n`m s`cetosemo jürokgin`y` c`ŗi`y`f`htİr.

• F hgmk`ms`türùmùm oreiene T_[

ŝohei 6.0; kohe jece gi`f`htİr.

+03\t0 t3 t6 t; t? t<

joyt―ekohe c`r b joreieneme `ŗtİėİmk`@-H `r`sİ hİs` kovro gi`f`h vo F

ùzoremkohe joreien t`n`nomêİhİŗt` jürùmofohter.

• H, êİhİŗ ufum` c`ėiİ gi`m Sgkeromfe êgh hùêùh koėorie (?4-044ℬ fev`rİ) gikuėumk`m Fhgmk`ms`türù aİzi` cgŗì`f`h voT_[ tohr`r yìİtİn` joêofohter.


+\C

\F

\G

\T

\T

υt

υt

υt

[ [[ [ > S.F

[l(pìs)> 0 / [


• ŝohei-6.0;―kom jürùikùėù jece,

kovrokohe F hgmk`ms`türù t0`mİm` h`k`r S.F z`n`m s`cetosemojüro y`v`ŗ y`v`ŗ kgin`ht`,joreien soveyose \T soveyosemoui`ŗtİėİmk` eso T_[―um @-H `r`sİ

T_[ êİhİŗİmk` giuŗ`m pìsioremlroh`msİ t`n`nom kovrokohe S voF oion`mi`rİmİm koėoremo c`ėiİgi`r`h koėeŗnohtoker. Giuŗ`mpìsiorem porygku8

[ ≁ S F imX0/(0 κ)^ ≁ 0 / l



ui`ŗtİėİmk` eso T_[ um @ H `r`sİ

hİs` kovro gi`f`ėİmk`m Fhgmk`ms`türù êgh aİziİ cer ŗoheikokoŗ`rb gin`ht`kİr.

[ ≁ S.F.imX0/(0-κ )^ ≁ 0 / l

oŗetieėe huii`mİi`r`hcuium`ceinohtoker. Cur`k`,

• Cu sİr`k` @-H `r`sİ eiotenko

gikuėu eêem hgmk`ms`tür joreiene

gikuėu jece êİhİŗt` jürùmnohtoker.• Hgmk`ms`tür ŗ`rbİmİm cetnoseyio

`hİn hoseikeėe eêem T_[ yìİtİn`joênohto vo hgmk`ms`tür tohr`rŗ`rb gi`n`y` c`ŗi`n`ht`kİr.

• Cu ŗoheiko êİhİŗ uêi`rİmk` eėmop isior giuŗn`ht`kİr.


2 ` s or m poryg s ros s ,

S2 Kovrokohe keromê (ℬ),

F2 Kovrokohe hgmk`ms`tür (L),κ2 Joreien cüiùfùmùm gr`mİ,

l2 Tìs lroh`msİ (Az).

Uìmİz cu kurunk` kovrokoùroteiom pìsior aora`mje cer `fŗocoho eio uyuniu koėeiker.


• T_[ huii`m`r`h cer trestür―ùm

êìİŗtİėİ `f ŗocoho eio uyuniugi`r`h hgmtrgi okeinose ŝohei-6.0?―ko he c`ėi`mtİ eio nùnhùmkùr.ŝohei-6.0<―k` eso kovromem kìj`ŗoheiiore jürùinohtoker.

+\z

\V



ŗoheiiore jürùinohtoker.

+\

\T

υt


\F

EG

ET

υt

υt

τ 3τ 6τΰ

\[


• ŝohei-6.0<―k`m jürùikùėù jece

T_[ kovrosemo s`kofotrestürùm êìİŗtİėİ ŗocohomempgzetel itorm`msi`rİmk`cosiono joreiene (+\) joinohto

T_[ c i ht i

Cu c`ėi`mtİ y`rkİnİyi` `f

ŗocohoko êìİŗ`m vo aor pgzetelìtorm`ms sgmr`sİmk` sus`mtrestürùm, aor pgzetel ìtorm`mst`tohr`r uy`rİin`sİs`ėi`mn`ht`kİr



vo T_[ cu `rìİht` pìsùrotoceinohtoker.

• ocohomem mo `tel

s`ėi`mn`ht`kİr.

@ymİ z`n`mk` cu c`ėi`mtİs`yosemko trestürùm uy`rİin`

ìtorm`msi`rİmk` eso T_[kovrosemo cosiono joreiene

(+\) ui`ŗn`y`f`ėİ eêem oion`mêìİŗ`n`y`f`h vo pìsùrotonoyofohter.

• R`tom trestür uy`rİrhom cezen

estokeėenez ko cukur, êùmhùtrestür moj`telto uy`rİin`z.


`êİsİmİ (ΰ) koėeŗternoh konùnhùmkùr. Cumum eêem T_[

kovrosemkohe ’S„ keromfeme`y`riİ y`pn`h jorohnohtoker.

Cu s`yoko pìsiorem lroh`msİ(sİhiİėİ) koėeŗtereioroh, trestür

y`hi`ŗİh 4² eio 014² `r`sİmkèstomeiom `êİk` uy`rİi`ceier.


• T_[ huii`m`r`h cer trey`h―İm k`

êìİŗtİėİ `f ŗocoho eio uyuniugi`r`h hgmtrgi okeinose ŝohei-6.0:―ko he c`ėi`mtİ eio nùnhùmkùr.ŝohei-6.01―ko eso kovromem kìj`ŗoheiiore jürùinohtoker.

+\z

\V



ŗ j+\

\T

υt


\F

EG

ET

υt

υt

τ 3τ 6τΰ

\[




• 6) Key`h vo Key`h Huii`mİi`r`h

U`pİi`m _y`rn` Kovroiore8• Key`h (Ke`f), s`kofo trey`htotehionoh (uy`rn`h) eêem üzoigi`r`h ùroteineŗ cer oion`mkİrvo jürove ŗocoho lroh`msİmk`

ŝohei-6.05―k`m jürùikùėù jece

key`h, tİphİ trey`h jece cerceremotors c`ėi`mnİŗ TMTM voMTMT y`rİeiothom y`pİsİm`sàepter.

[rey`ht`m l`rhİ eso uy`rn`



j ŗ

uy`rn` pìse ùrotnohter.• @ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-6.05―k` Key`h

[rey`ht`m l`rhİ eso uy`rn`tornemìemem (j`to)cuiumn`n`sİkİr. Êùmhù key`h

jürùinohtoker.


cer jùê oion`mİ koėei, s`kofotrey`h uy`rn`h eêem huii`mİi`m

êgh kùŗùh jùêiù cer uy`rnòion`mİkİr.

Key`h―İm 0.`mgk (@0) vo 3.`mgk(@3) tornemìioremem yore ümonie

koėeiker. Oion`m ùzoremkoaora`mje cer eŗ`rot yghtur.

M

M

M

T

T

0. @mgk, @0

3. @mgk, @3


• Key`h, trey`h eêem om hgi`y

uy`rn` ygiu gi`m, pgzetelìtorm`mst` pgzetel vo moj`telìtorm`mst` moj`tel, uy`rn`pìsioreme trey`h―İm êìİŗtİėİŗocohoye huii`m`r`h

ŝohei-6.34―kom jürùikùėù jece

cutgm y`rkİnİyi` key`h ùzoremopgzetel voy` moj`tel joreienvoreinohtoker.

Aor ehe yümko ko key`h―İmeioteno joêoceinose eêem ùzoremo



ŗocohoye huii`m`r`hùrotnohtoker.@ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-6.34―ko Key`h―İm tost c`ėi`mtİsİ

eioteno joêoceinose eêem ùzoremojoiom joreienem, key`h―İm`toŗi`mno joreien soveyosemem

jürùinohtoker.


ùzoremko gin`sİjorohnohtoker.

Cu kurunk` cutgm`c`sİikİėİmk` key`h eiotenojoêofoh, êİhİŗ keromfeùzoremkom E@ `hİnİ `h`f`h vo

pìs êİhİŗİmk` cer joreiengiuŗn`sİmİ s`ėi`y`f`htİr.

Tìsêİhİŗİ

JMKSg\@

E@

\@

Cutgm


• Key`h―İm yìİtİn` joêoceinose

eêemso trey`hk` gikuėu jece`mgk `hİnİmİm (E@) sİlİr`kùŗnose yotorie gi`f`htİr.

• Key`h y`pİsİ vo êìİŗn`sİ

ŝohei-6.30―kom jürùikùėù jecekey`h \T (≁64\) joreienemko eiotenojoênohto l`h`t eioteno joêteėemkokeėor oion`mi`rk` gikuėut`n`nom hİs` kovro gin`n`ht`ùzoremko \K h`k`riİh (≁34\) cer



trey`h jece gikuėu eêem tonoih`r`htoresteh oėrese ko ŝohei-6.30―ko giku u eceker.

joreien tutn`ht`kİr. @ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-6.33―ko key`h―İm

@F―ko ìs ùrotom u ui`n`


kovrose jürùinohtoker.

E@

-E@

-\@H

En`x.

\@H

+\T64\

Kgėru

(eiore) yüm@3+, @0-

+\K34\

-\T64\

[ors(jore) yüm@3-, @0+

-\K34\


• ŝohei-6.33―kom jürùikùėù jece

@F h`ym`ht`m ìİm`m joreiencer SF kovrosemkomjoêereikehtom sgmr` key`hùzoremo uyjui`mn`ht`kİr.

Kovromem êìİŗn`sİ ŝohei-

6.36―kohe kìj` ŗoheiioremkomkà` eye `mi`ŗİi`ceiofohter.

\ υt



• Cumum mokome, kà` sgmrùyjui`n` kovrosemko koürofo enez ece @F oreiene

\V

cüinoh (`zìtn`h) vo l`zİmİh`ykİr`r`h uy`rn` êİsİmİm

`y`ri`m`ceinoseme s`ėi`n`htİr.• Kovroko S keromfe y`ri`m`r`h

SF kovrosemem l`z h`ykİrn`sİkoėeŗtereioceier. Cu k` `sİi

uyjui`n` kovrosemko uy`rn``êİsİmİm koėeŗnoseme s`ėi`r.


ό ΰ0 τ ΰ3 3τ ΰ6 6τ ΰ; ;τ

\Fυt

υt\G

\K

υt64\34\

EEE ‖ _U@SN@ OION@MI@SE vo KO\SOIOSĴ• ŝohei-6.36―kom jürùikùėù jece, SF

kovrose h`ym`h joreieneme aon

z`yİli`tn`ht` aon ko l`zİmİ ’ό„`êİsİ h`k`r h`ykİrn`ht`kİr.

• Key`h, l`zİ h`ykİrİinİŗ hgmk`ms`tür joreiene (\F) eioêìİŗn`ht`kİr. Hgmk`ms`tür

Key`h huii`m`r`h ùroteiom cu êeltyümiù pìsiorem lroh`msİ, T_[ vo_B[ jece keėor uy`rn` pìseùrotefeioremko gikuėu jece SFz`n`m s`cetosemo c`ėiİ koėeiker.

Key`h―İm ùrotteėe uy`rn` pìsiorem



ê ŗ

joreiene aor ehe yümko ko y`hi`ŗİh64\ soveyosemo joikeėemko key`heioteno o nohto vo ùzoremkohe

lroh`msİ, key`h―İm êìİŗtİrİikİėİ `fh`ym`ėİm lroh`msİ eio `ymİkİr.Kgi` İsİ i` k` ùroteiom ìsior

joreien y`hi`ŗİh 34\ soveyosemokùŗnohtoker.

• Key`h cu kurunk` ùzoremkom `hİn`hİt`r`h êİhİŗt` uy`rn` semyìegiuŗn`sİmİ s`ėi`n`ht`kİr.

• Hgmk`ms`tür joreiene aor ehe yümkoko 64\―um ìtİm` kùŗtùėùmko eso

key`h tohr`r y iİtİn` joênohto voùroteiom uy`rn` semyìehoseinohtoker.


h`ym`hi` somhrgmezoker(uyuniukur).

Key`h, jùmùnùzko c`setuyjui`n i`rk` trey`hi` ceriehto êghy`yjİm gi`r`h huii`mİi`m ceruy`rn` oion`mİkİr. Cumum mokomekovrosemem êgh c`set vo nìeyotemem

êgh kùŗùh gin`sİkİr. @yrİf` cercosiono h`ym`ėİ k` jorohternoz.


• Key`h huii`m`r`h cer trey`h―İmêìİŗtİėİ `f ŗocoho eio uyuniugi`r`h hgmtrgi okeinose ŝohei-6.3;―ko he c`ėi`mtİ eionùnhùmkùr. ŝohei-6.3?―ko esokovromem kìj` ŗoheiiore

\V

\F

υt

υt



jürùinohtoker.F

64\


ό ΰ0 τ ΰ3 3τ ΰ6 6τ ΰ; ;τ

υtEG

\[

υt

\K




• ;) @mìgj uy`rn` oion`mi`rİ

vo uy`rn` kovroiore2• [restür jrucu oion`mi`rİuy`rn`h eêem jorohie gi`muy`rn` pìsioremem ùroteinoseeêem aor z`n`m _B[ T_[ vo

@ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-6.3<―k`

tr`msestür vo tr`mslgrn`türhuii`mİi`r`h y`pİi`m cer pìsùrotofe jürùinohtoker.

+\



eêem aor z`n`m _B[, T_[ voKey`h jece üzoi oion`mi`rhuii`mİin` İ , mìg kovro oion`mi`rİmk`my`r`ri`mİi`ceinohtoker.

• Cu oion`mi`r, tr`msestür, lot,ngslot, gp`np vc.oion`mi`rkİr.

• Cu oion`mi`r uyjum S, F vo I

oion`mi`rİyi kostohiomorohpìs ùrotoêiore huruin`ht`kİr.







• Om êgh huii`mİi`m pìs ùrotoê

omtojroioremkom cereseuyjui`n` h`rtİmk` k`huii`mn`ht` giuėunuz,Veonoms―em ùrotneŗ gikuėu[F@:1? omtojroseker.



• @ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-6.31―koomto romem hİiİl ` İsİ, `mt`r`lt`he ŝohei-6.35―k` esoomtojro eêemkohe kovroiorem cigh

ŗon`sİ vo cumi`rİm c`f`h (pem)c`ėi`mtİsİ jürùinohtoker.


0< 5

[F@ :1?

0 1


• ŝohei-6.35―k`m jürùikùėù jece

omtojro kovro eêemko êoŗetie`mìgj vo s`yİsì kovroiorcuiumn`ht`kİr. Cu kovroior8

• Vİlİr soveyo kokohtürù (sozefe),

[F@:1? omtojro kovrosememêìİŗ`ceinose eêem 03-0?\ fev`rİkf joreieno eatey`ê v`rkİr (0< vo0 mgiu tornemìior `r`sİm`).

@yrİf` omtojromem pìsùrotoceinose eêem ŗocoho



• Vomhrgmez`sygm h`ykokefe,• Êİhİŗ n`mtİh kovrose,

joreienemkom ìİm`f`h hùêùh cerürmoėo eatey`ê kuyuin`ht`kİr

• - m ŗ r f ovros ,

• Koŗ`rb kovrose,

• S`np` (ùêjom) ùrotoê kovrose,• Hgmtrgi h`rŗİi`ŗtİrİfİ kovrose,

• Cu kovroior kİŗ`rİk`mc`ėi`m`m cerh`ê oion`mi`

kostohiomoroh omtojromem pìsùrotnose s`ėi`mn`ht`kİr.


(? vo 0 tornemìiore `r`sİm`).

Omtojromem ùrotteėe pìsiorem

ŗocoho itorm`msi`rİmİm 4-014korofoiore r`sİmk``y`ri`m`ceinose eêemso 4-04\`r`sİmk` `y`ri`m`ceiom cer kf

joreino eatey`ê kuyuin`ht`kİr(00 vo 0 tornemìiore `r`sİm`).


• Omtojro kovrosemem

êìİŗ`ceinose eêem jorohie gi`mcu kgm`mİn s`ėi`mkİht`msgmr` êİhİŗ tornemìiore gi`m 3,6, ;, :, 0; vo 0? mun`rìİtornemìiorkom y`m t`r`lt`he



ŝohei-6.64―k` jürùiom kìj`ŗoheiioremo sàep pìsior,ŗocohoyo vo omtojro eêemkoùroteinohto gi`m r`np` (ùêjom)

rolor`ms semyìemo jürogiuŗn`ht`kİr.

• Cu pìsiorkom 0; vo 0?mun`rìİ tornemìiorkom oiko

okeiomior kà` y`yjİm gi`r`hhuii`mİin`ht`kİr.



• U`m t`r`lt` jürùiom ŝohei-

6.60―ko [F@:1? omtojrokovrosemem c`set cer uyjui`n`kovrose jürùinohtoker.

• Cu uyjui`n`k` 334\`fŗocohokom cosiomom cer yùhùm



(i`nc`) trey`h huii`mİi`r`hhgmtrgiu ` İin`ht`kİr.

• [F@:1?―ko trey`h―İm a`ss`shgmtrgiu eêem huii`mİinİŗtİr.

• ŝoheikom jürùikùėù jece[F@:1?―em êìİŗ`ceinose eêemjorohie gi`m 0?\kf joreien,somhrgmez`sygm joreiene vo

pìs `y`r joreieniore `ymİŗocohokom oiko okeineŗter.



• :) TEF vo TEF huii`mİi`r`h

y`pİi`m uy`rn` kovroiore2• Vgm yİii`rk` trestür jrucu

oion`mi`rİm uy`rİin`sİ eêemhuii`mİi`m kovroiorko ümonie

[restür jrucu oion`mi`rİuy`rn`h vo hgmtrgi otnoh`n`fİyi` TEF huii`mİi`r`hy`pİi`m uy`rn` kovroiorememkeėor yümtoniorio y`pİi`mkovroioro jüro kà` jùvomie



koėeŗehiehior noyk`m` joineŗter.• Kovroior t`s`ri`mİrhom mìgj

gikuėu rà`tiİhi`süyiomoceinohtoker.

o on`m `r vo zo om ojrokovroior huii`mn`ht`m

v`zjoêeineŗ cumum yoremoprglosygmoi eŗiorkonehrgeŗionfe t`c`miİprgjr`ni`m`ceiom omtojrokovroiorem (TEF) huii`mİnİy`yjİmi`ŗn`y` c`ŗi`nİŗtİr.


Cumum mokome kovromemêìİŗ`ceinose vo eŗiovioreme

yoremo joteroceinose eêem TEFeêemo uyjum cer prgjr`nyùhiomnosemem jorohnoseker.

Kgi`yİsİyi` keėor yümtoniorko

gikuėu jece oion`mi`r tonemokeiep kgėruk`m êìİŗtİrİi`n`z.


• U`m t`r`lt` jürùiom ŝohei-

6.63―ko 334\`f ŗocohoko cerrozest`msİ màt`ri`y`m trey`h,cer TEF y`rkİnİyi` hgmtrgiokeinohtoker.

• [ cee he cur`k` y`pİi`m hgmtrgi



trey`h―İm eioteno joêno `êİsİmİmhgmtrgiu ko ei kg ruk`m h`rokìj` n`mtİėİ eio`màt`ri`mn`sİ yümtoneker.

• Kovroko cuium`m TG[0huii`mİi`r`h k` ùroteiom h`rokìjì`rİm othem porygku`y`ri`m`ceinohtoker.

• TEF eêem jorohom kf joreienŗocohokom oiko okeineŗter.



• 1) Nehrgeŗionfe huii`mİi`r`h

y`pİi`m uy`rn` kovroiore2• Vgm yİii`rk` trestür jrucuoion`mi`rİm uy`rİin`sİ eêemhuii`mİi`m kovroiorko ümonie

ė

[restür jrucu oion`mi`rİuy`rn`h vo hgmtrgi otnoh`n`fİyi` nehrgeŗionfehuii`mİi`r`h y`pİi`m uy`rn`kovroioremem TEF―ko gikuėujece, keėor yümtoniorio y`pİi`m



koėeŗehiehior noyk`m` joineŗter.• Kovroior t`s`ri`mİrhom mìgj

kovroioro jüro kà` jùvomiegikuėu süyiomoceinohtoker.

kovroior huii`mn`ht`mv`zjoêeineŗ cumum yoremoprglosygmoi eŗiorko jomoihgmtrgi eêem huii`mİi`mnehrgeŗionfeiorem kgėruk`muy`rn` eŗiore eêem huii`mİnİ

y`yjİmi`ŗn`y` c`ŗi`nİŗtİr.


Cumum mokome kovromemêìİŗ`ceinose vo eŗiovioreme

yoremo joteroceinose eêemnehrgeŗionfeyo uyjum prgjr`nyùhiomnosemem jorohnoseker.

Kgi`yİsİyi` keėor yümtoniorko

gikuėu jece oion`mi`r tonemokeiep kgėruk`m êìİŗtİrİi`n`z.




• _yjui`n` kovroioremkom

jürùikùėù jece TEF, kà` êghighì uyjui`nì`rk` vo kà`c`set eŗioniorko huii`mİiİrhomnehrgeŗionfeie uy`rn`kovroiore, kà` h`rn`ŗİh

e t i k tù e t e

Cu kors eêemko TEF vonehrgeŗionfeiorio y`pİi`muyjui`nì`r` kà` l`zi`jereinoyofohter.

Cumum mokome TEF vonehrgeŗionfeiorem c`ŗiİ c`ŗİm`

ce k i k C



sestoniorko, tùn sestoneyümotom nehrgeŗionfemem ymİ

cer kors gin`sİkİr. Cuoion`mi`r, y`pİi`rİ,

z`n`mk` seston eêemkoheoion`mi`rİ omorbeiomkerom jùê

`màt`ri`rİmİ k` uy`rn`ht`huii`mİin`ht`kİr.

• Üzoiiehio tùn lgmhseygmi`rİnehrgeŗionfe t`r`lİmk`m hgmtrgi

okeiom ê`n`ŗİr n`hem`sİ, lİrİmvc. cu uyjui`n`y` ürmohter.


prgjr`ni`mn` yümtoniore vouyjui`n` ì`mi`rİ eio uyjui`n`

kovroiore cu korsior eêemko`yrİmtİsİ eio voreiofohter.

Jùmùnùzko jùê oiohtrgmeėeuyjui`nì`rİmİm poh êgėumk`

`rtİh TEF vo nehrgeŗionfe eiohgmtrgi huii`mİin`ht`kİr.


• [SĴV[ÜS _U@SN@

TI@VIOSĴMĴM VÙSÙINOV

Ĵ2• [restür jrucu oion`mi`rİ

uy`rn`h eêem joieŗtereiomuy`rn` oion`mi`rİ vo ŗu `m`h`k`r ùzoremko kurui`mk i e e i keėe k

Uùhsoh jùêiù oion`mi`rhgmtrgi okeiofoėe voy` cerkoml`zi` oion`m `ymİ `mk` hgmtrgiokeiofoėe z`n`m eso uy`rn`kovroiore eio jùê oion`mi`rİ`r`sİm` ’pìs sùrùfù„

k i e e i ŗte ei e



kovroiore emfoiomkeėemko,ùroteiom ìsiorem, ù

kovroioremem yorioŗtereinosejorohnohtoker.

oion`mi`rİmİm jereŗemokgėruk`m uyjui`mkİėİ

jürùinohtoker.• Cu uyjui`n`, s`kofo kùŗùh

vo grt` jùêiorko s`kofo toh cerjùê oion`mİmİm hgmtrgi

okeinose kurunumk` joêoriegin`ht`kİr.


Tìs sùrùfù kovroiorememùstiomneŗ gikuėu ùê eŗiov

cuiumn`ht`kİr. Cumi`r, 0) Tìsiorem `hİn voy` joreien

gi`r`h jùêiomkereinose,

3) Tìs ùrotofemem jùê

kovrosemkom yìİtİin`sİ, 6) Tìsiorem êgėuii`mn`sİkİr.


• Tìsiorem jùêiomkereinose8

• Ceiemkeėe jece trestür jrucuoion`mi`r hİn hgmtrgiiuoion`mi`rkİr.

• Jùê oion`mİm hgmtrgi

tornemìiore ùzoremkom

Jùê oion`mi`rİ eêem jorohiegi`m om `z vo om êgh uy`rn``hİn soveyoiore vo sùroioreùrotefe t`r`lİmk`m oion`mİmceije y`pr`hi`rİmk`coierteinohtoker.

_y`rn` `hİnİmİm kùŗùh gin`sİ



tornemìiore ùzoremkomkgi`ŗtİrİi`m hgmtrgi `hİnİ g _y`rn` `hİnİmİm kùŗùh gin`sİù oion`mİmİm `

joreien eio kgėru gr`mtİiİkİr.

• Hùêùh jùêiù jùê oion`mi`rİmİmuy`rİin`sİmk` hùêùh uy`rn``hİnİ, yùhsoh jùêiù jùêoion`mi`rİmİm uy`rİin`sİmkèso kà` yùhsoh uy`rn`

`hİnİm` eatey`ê kuyuin`ht`kİr.


uy`rİi`n`n`sİm` y` k``màt`ri`n` z`n`mİmİm uzum

gin`sİm` ygi `ên`ht`kİr. Cu mokomiorio jùê oion`mİmİ

uy`rİrhom nùnhùm gi`m (ùrotefet`r`lİmk`m coierteiom) om yùhsoh

uy`rn` `hİnİyi` uy`rn`h omkgėrusu gi`f`htİr.


• Kà` ümfo `yrİmtİsİyi``êİhi`m`m p is ùrotofekovroiorem êİhİŗİmk` oiko okeiomuy`rn` pìsioreme jùêiomkernoheêem jomoiiehio ŝohei-6.6;―kojürùikùėù jece tr`msestür

huii`mİin`ht`kİr

ŝohei-6.6;―kom jürùikùėù jece,pìs ùrotofe t`r`lİmk`m ùroteiomuy`rn` pìsiore uyjum certr`msestür jereŗemo uyjui`m`r`heatey`f` jüro hgiiohtür (F) voyònetor (O) tornemìemkom êİhİŗ

ìİm`ceinohtoker



huii`mİin`ht`kİr. ìİm`ceinohtoker. Êİhİŗ onetorkom ìİmİrs`


s`kofo `hİn gi`r`hyùhsoiteinohto jomieh ymİ

hìn`ht`, hgiiohtürkom ìİmİrs`,aon jomieh aon ko `hİngi`r`h yùhsoiteinohtoker.

Cur`k` jùê oion`mİmİ

uy`r`f`h `hİn +\FFh`ym`ėİmk`m êoheinohtoker.

voy`


• Tìsiorem yìİtİin`sİ8

• Tìsiorem yìİtİin`sİ, üzoiiehiogrt` vo yùhsoh jùêiorkoêìİŗİrhom ŗocohokom ezgiogin`h eêem voy` cerkom l`zi`

jùê oion`mİmİm hgmtrgiùmùs`ėi`rhom estomnoyom hİs`

Uìİtn` eŗione eêem `ŗ`ėİk`heŝohei-6.6?―ko jürùikùėù jece’pìs tr`mslgrn`türù„ komeiomkùŗùh jùêiù üzoi enì okeineŗ hùêùh tr`mslgrn`türiorhuii`mİin`ht`kİr.



jùê oion`mİmİm hgmtrgiùmùs`ėi`rhom estomnoyom hİs`

omjoiionoh eêem nuti`h jorohiegi`m cer uyjui`n`kİr.

• Tìsiorem yìİtİin`sİ, `siİmk`pìs ùrotom vo sùrom kovro eiojùê kovrosemem cercerioremkomezgio okeinose eŗioneker vo

prglosygmoi uyjui`nì`rkà`y`te ümon t`ŗİn`ht`kİr.


J

HTìstr`lgsu


• Tìsiorem êgėuii`mn`sİ8

• Tìsiorem êgėuii`mn`sİ eatey`fİ,tùn jùêiorko êìİŗİrhom,üzoiiehio hüprù c`ėi`mtİi`rk`,sore-p`rìoi c`ėi`mtİi`rk` vo

`ymİ `mk` cerkom l`zi``màt`ri`n`mİm y`pİin`sİ

Cu kurunk` ŝohei-6.6<―k`

jürùikùėù jece, aon êgėuii`nàon ko yìİtn` y`pİin`ht`kİr.

J0

H0

T

i



`ymİ `mk` cerkom l`zi``màt`ri`n`mİm y`pİin`sİ H0

J3

is

êİh`m cer kurunkur.

• @ymİ mk` vo ymİ ŗ`rti`rìtİmk` cerkom l`zi` oion`mİmuy`rİin`sİ jorohteėemko pìsùrotofe vo sùrùfù kovro êİhİŗİ,hİs` kovroyo ygi `ên`n`h eêem

kgėruk`m oion`mi`rİm uy`rn`tornemìioremo c`ėi`m`n`z.


H3

J6

H6

tr`lgsu



ÜKO\-?

?.0) [restür jrucu oion`mi`rİm uy`rn`sİmk` huii`mİi`m _B[, T_[ voKey`h y`pİi`rİmİ kà` eye t`mİn`h eêem uyjum oion`mi`r coierioyorohemtormot grt`nİmk` ceije y`pr`hi`rİ (k`t`saoots) ùzoremkom`r`ŗtİrİmİz. Aor ùê oion`mİm k` y`pİsİmİ, jomoi üzoiiehioreme, tonoip`r`notroioreme, ùrotefe lernì`rİmİ, [ùrheyo tonseifeioreme vo s`tİŗ

ley`tİmİ jüstorom cer r`pgr a`zİri`yİmİz



ley`tİmİ jüstorom cer r`pgr a`zİri`yİmİz.

?.3) [restür jrucu oion`mi`rİm uy`rn`sİmk` om êgh huii`mİi`m omtojrokovroiorkom gi`m [F@:1? y`pİsİmİ kà` eye t`mİn`h eêem emtormot

grt`nİmk` ceije y`pr`hi`rİ (k`t`saoots) ùzoremkom `r`ŗtİrİmİz.Oion`mİm eê y`pİsİmİ, jomoi üzoiiehioreme, tonoi p`r`notroioreme,ùrotefe lernì`rİmİ, [ùrheyo tonseifeioreme vo s`tİŗ ley`tİmİ jüstorom cerr`pgr a`zİri`yİmİz.




EEE ‖ _U@SN@ OION@MI@SE vo KO\SOIOSĴ• Jùê tr`msestürioremem uy`rİin`sİ

eêem jorohie gi`m TZN uy`rn`

semyìioreme ùrotnoh eêem êoŗetieoion`mi`r vo kovroiorhuii`mİin`ht`kİr. Cu oion`m vokovroior cu eŗ eêem üzoi gi`r`h

ùroteineŗ oion`mi`r vo kovroiori ceikeėe ece t i

Cu kurunk` jùêtr`msestürioreme uy`rn`h eêem

huii`mİi`m uy`rn` oion`mi`rİvo kovroiore,

0) @mìgj uy`rn` kovroiore,

3) V`yİsì uy`rn` kovroiore,

6) Omtojro uy`rn` kovroiore



ùroteineŗ oion`mi`r vo kovroiorgi`ceikeėe jece tonoi 6) Omtojro uy`rn` kovroiore,

―o o trgm to u `mİ `moion`mi`ri` giuŗturui`m

kovroior ko gi`ceinohtoker.• Cu oion`mi`r vo kovroiort`r`lİmk`m ùroteiom TZN h`rokìj` semyìiorem, hgmtrgi otteėejùê oion`mİmİ t`n eioteno voy`yìİtİn` joêerofoh soveyokogin`sİ jorohnohtoker.


,

?) Nehrgeŗionfeie uy`rn`

kovroiore,gi`r`h ? tonoi jrupt`tgpi`m`ceinohtoker. @siİmk`tùn cu kovroiorem y`pn`y`êìİŗtİėİ toh eŗ TZN h`ro kìj`ùrotnohtoker. Cu jrupi`r`yrİmtİsİyi` emfoiomofohter.

EEE ‖ _U@SN@ OION@MI@SE vo KO\SOIOSĴ 0) @mìgj uy`rn` kovroiore2

@mìgj uy`rn` oion`mi`rİgi`m tr`msestür, lot, ngslot,gp`np vc. kovro oion`mi`rİhuii`mİi`r`h h`ro kìj`ùrotnoh gikuhê` hgi`ykİr.

U`m t`r`lt` jürùiom ŝohei-



U`m t`r`lt` jürùiom ŝohei6.61―ko g `n huii`m`r`h


y`pİinİŗ cer h`ro kìj` ùrotofe,ŝohei-6.65―k` eso tr`msestür

huii`m`r`h y`pİinİŗ koėeŗhomlroh`msiİ cer h`ro kìj` ùrotofejürùinohtoker.

[`cee he cu kovroioro othem

porygku koėeŗteroceinoh eêemc`zİ ohionoior y`pİinìİkİr.

o - .

ŝohei-6.65

EEE ‖ _U@SN@ OION@MI@SE vo KO\SOIOSĴ 3) V`yİsì uy`rn` kovroiore2

V`yİsì uy`rn` oion`mi`rİgi`m igbeh h`pİi`r, liep-ligpi`r vc.kovro oion`mi`rİ huii`mİi`r`hh`ro kìj` ùrotnoh gikuhê`hgi`ykİr.

U`m t`r`lt` jürùiom ŝohei-



j ŝ6.;4―ko vo ohei-6.;0―ko K te e


liep-ligpi r huii`mİi`r`h y`pİi`mehe `yrİ h`rokìj` gsei`tür

kovrose jürùinohtoker.Kovroko ngslotiorkom kokostoh iİmnİŗtİr.

[`cee he cu kovroioro othem

porygku koėeŗteroceinoh eêemc`zİ ohionoior y`pİinìİkİr.

ŝohei-6.;4

ŝohei-6.;0


Cu tùr omtojroior om uyjum`mìgj vo s`yİsì kovroioremcerioŗtereinoseyio poh êghlgmhseygmu husursuz cerŗoheiko yoremo joteroceinohtovo h`r`riİ cer ŗoheiko

êìİŗ`ceinohtokerior.

6) Omtojro uy`rn` kovroiore2

@m igj vo s`yİsì kovrooion`mi`rİ huii`mİi`r`h h`rokìj` ùrotoêior hgi`yiİhi`y`pİi`ceinosemo r`ėnom, cukovroiorem estomeiom üzoiiehiorko

TZN h`ro kìj` ùrotoceinosee e k etie hi i e



ê ŗ TZN h`ro kì ` omto ro

jeêem kovroyo êoŗetie ohionoiorem


kovroioremem otr`lİm`yorioŗtereiom cerh`ê kostoh

oion`mİ eio `ymİ `mk` cerkoml`zi` semyì, aon lroh`msi`rİaon ko othem porygti`rİ hgmtrgiokeioceier ŗoheiko ùroteioceinohto

vo coiie cer soveyoyo h`k`rsùroceinohtokerior.

y`pİin`sİ vo kovromem h`r`riİgi`r`h êìİŗtİrİi`ceinose

jorohnohtoker. _yjui`n`k` cu tùr kovroiore

hurup tost otnoh yoremo cu eŗ eêem üzoi gi`r`h ùroteineŗ

omtojro kovroiore huii`mn`hkà` y`yjİmkİr.


• Om êgh huii`mİi`m TZN h`rokìj` ùrotoê omtojroioremkomcerese uyjui`n` h`rtİmk` k`huii`mn`ht` giuėunuz, [ox`s-_metrgko lern`sİmİm ùrotteėe_F6?3? omtojroseker.

• @ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-6.;3―ko



omto romem hİiİl ` İsİ, `mt`r`lt`he ŝohei-6.;6―ko esoomtojro eêemkohe kovroiorem cigh

ŗon`sİ vo cumi`rİm c`f`h (pem)c`ėi`mtİsİ jürùinohtoker.


0< 5

_F 6?3?0 1


• ŝohei-6.;6―kom jürùikùėù jeceomtojro kovro eêemko êoŗetie`mìgj vo s`yİsì kovroiorcuiumn`ht`kİr. Cu kovroior8

• Solor`ms rojùi`türù,

• Gsei`tür,

• A`t` yùhsoitofe,

_F6?3? omtojro kovrosememêìİŗ`ceinose eêem 1-6?\ `r`sİkf joreieno eatey`ê v`rkİr (06-0? eio 0 mgiu tornemìior `r`sİ).

Omtojro 00 vo 0; mun`rìİêİhİŗ tornemìioremkom 3 `kot

TZN h`ro kìj` semyìù h ke 044A ?44hA



y ,ùrotnohtoker 044Az-?44hAz

• `rŗİ `ŗ İrİfİ,

• Hgrun` (hosno) kovrose,

• Igbeh sùrùfù,• Tusa-puii êİhİŗ kovrose,

• Cu kovroior kİŗ`rİk`mc`ėi`m`m cerh`ê oion`mi`

kostohiomoroh omtojromem pìsùrotnose s`ėi`mn`ht`kİr.


`r`sİ lroh`mst`).

Omtojromem 3 mun`rìİ

tornemìemo uyjui`m`m 4\-?\`r`sİ joreien eio omtojromemùrotneŗ gikuėu aor ehe TZNh`ro kìj`mİm othem porygku

%4 eio %?4 `r`sİmk``y`ri`m`ceinohtoker.




• ŝohei-6.;?―ko _F6?3? omtojro kovrosemem c`set cer uyjui`n` kovrosejürùinohtoker. ŝoheikom jürùikùėù jece omtojro 03\kf eio cosiomneŗ,0< mun`r iİ tornem iemkom êİh`m ?\ rojùioie joreien cer y`riİ keromêioìİm`r`h 3 mun`rìİ TZN `y`r tornemìemo `ht`rİinİŗtİr. Ti`s lroh`msİmİeso ?, < vo : mun`rìİ tornemìioro c`ėi`m`m oion`mi`r coierionohtoker.04 mun`rìİ tornemì 0 voy` 4 y`pİi`r`h omtojro gm-gll y`pİin`ht`kİr.




053

<

?: 1 03

00

0;

04

0< 0? 06




• ?) Nehrgeŗionfe huii`mİi`r`h

y`pİi`m uy`rn` kovroiore2• Uemo trestür jrucu oion`mi`rk`gikuėu jece tr`msestür jrucuoion`mi`rİm hgmtrgi okeinosemkoko nehrgeŗionfe huii`mİnİ êgh

y`yjİmi`ŗnİŗtİr. Cumum mokomeüzjùm t`s`rİn vo kovro hgrun`



jg u u j `n`nİy `zgrumiuiuht`m k` huii`mİin`ht`kİr.

• Ürmoh gi`r`h y`m t`r`lt` ŝohei-6.;:―ko jürùiom 6 l`z `somhrgmngtgr hgmtrgiu eêem huii`mİi`memvortür kovrosemkohe oion`mi`rİkùzomie cer ŗoheiko uy`r`ceinoheêem nehrgeŗionfe huii`mİin`sİt`n`nom cer zgrumiuiuhtur. @hseaìko cu kovroye uy`rn`h zgrkur.



• TZN h`ro kìj` uy`rn`semyìioremem sùrùinose2

• [r`msestür jrucu oion`mi`rİuy`rn`h eêem joieŗtereiomuy`rn` oion`mi`rİ vo ŗu `m`h`k`r ùzoremko kurui`m

kovroiore emfoiomkeėemko,ùroteiom sem ìiorem ù

Uùhsoh jùêiù oion`mi`rhgmtrgi okeiofoėe voy` cerkom

l`zi` oion`m `ymİ `mk` hgmtrgiokeiofoėe z`n`m eso uy`rn`kovroiore eio jùê oion`mi`rİ`r`sİm` ’TZN sùrùfù„

kovroioremem yorioŗtereinosejorohnohtoker.



ùroteiom sem ìiorem, ù j oion`mi`rİmİm jereŗemokgėruk`m uyjui`mkİėİ

jürùinohtoker.• Cu uyjui`n`, s`kofo kùŗùh

vo grt` jùêiorko s`kofo toh cerjùê oion`mİmİm hgmtrgi

okeinose kurunumk` joêoriegin`ht`kİr.


TZN sùrùfù kovroiorememùstiomneŗ gikuėu ùê eŗiov

cuiumn`ht`kİr. Cumi`r, 0) Vemyìiorem `hİn voy`

joreien gi`r`h jùêiomkereinose,

3) TZN ùrotofemem jùê

kovrosemkom yìİtİin`sİ, 6) Vemyìiorem êgėuii`mn`sİkİr.


• Vemyìiorem jùêiomkereinose8• Ceiemkeėe jece tr`msestür jrucu

oion`mi`rk`m CB[ `hİnhgmtrgiiu, O-Ngslot vo EJC[ esojoreien hgmtrgiiu oion`mi`rkİr.

• Jùê oion`mİm hgmtrgi

tornemìiore ùzoremkomkgi`ŗtİrİi`m hgmtrgi `hİnİ voy`

Jùê oion`mi`rİ eêem jorohiegi`m om `z vo om êgh uy`rn``hİn voy` joreien soveyoioreùrotefe t`r`lİmk`m oion`mİmceije y`pr`hi`rİmk`coierteinohtoker.

_y`rn` `hİnİ voy` joreienememkù ùh gin`sİ ù oion`mİmİm



kù ùh gin`sİ ù oion`mİmİm,oion`mİm hgmtrgi otteėe `hİn vojoreien eio kgėru gr`mtİiİkİr.

• Hùêùh jùêiù jùê oion`mi`rİmİmuy`rİin`sİmk` hùêùh uy`rn`semyìe, yùhsoh jùêiù jùêoion`mi`rİmİm uy`rİin`sİmkèso kà` yùhsoh soveyoie

uy`rn` semyìemo eatey`êkuyuin`ht`kİr.


y` uy`rİi`n`n`sİm` y` k``màt`ri`n` z`n`mİmİm uzum

gin`sİm` ygi `ên`ht`kİr. Cu mokomiorio jùê oion`mİmİ

uy`rİrhom nùnhùm gi`m (ùrotefet`r`lİmk`m coierteiom) om yùhsoh

uy`rn` semyì soveyoseyiouy`rn`h om kgėrusu gi`f`htİr.


• Kà` ümfo `yrİmtİsİyi` `êİhi`m`m TZN ùrotofe kovroiorem êİhİŗİmk` oikookeiom TZN semyìioreme jùêiomkernoh eêem jomoiiehio ŝohei-6.;1―kojürùikùėù jece cer kovro huii`mİin`ht`kİr. Cur`k` yùhsoh jùêiù cer EJC[ngkùi, pusa puii sùrùfù kovrose huii`mİi`r`h uy`rİin`ht`kİr. Cu kovrotr`msestürior huii`mİi`r`h y`pİi`ceikeėe jece kà` êgh ngslotiorhuii`mİi`r`h y`pİin`ht`kİr.





• Vemyìiorem yìİtİin`sİ8

• Vemyìiorem yìİtİin`sİ, üzoiiehiogrt` vo yùhsoh jùêiorkoêìİŗİrhom `m` h`ym`ht`m ezgiogin`h eêem voy` cerkom l`zi`jùê oion`mİmİm hgmtrgiùmùs`ėi`rhom estomnoyom hİs`

Uìİtn` eŗione eêem `ŗ`ėİk`heŝohei-6.;5―k` jürùikùėù jece

’gptg-fgupior (gpteh-eiotefe)„komeiom kùŗùh jùêiù üzoi enìokeineŗ iok+lgtg tr`msestür vc.omtojrose huii`mİin`ht`kİr.



omjoiionoh eêem nuti`h jorohiegi`m cer uyjui`n`kİr.

• Vemyìiorem yìİtİin`sİ, siİmk`semyì ùrotom vo sùrom kovroeio jùê kovrosemem cercerioremkomezgio okeinose eŗioneker vo

prglosygmoi uyjui`nì`rkà`y`te ümon t`ŗİn`ht`kİr.


Gptg-fgupior


• Vemyìiorem êgėuii`mn`sİ8

• Vemyìiorem êgėuii`mn`sİeatey`fİ, tùn jùêiorkoêìİŗİrhom, üzoiiehio hüprùc`ėi`mtİi`rk`, sore-p`rìoic`ėi`mtİi`rk` vo `ymİ `mk`cerkom l`zi` `màt`ri`n`mİm

Cu kurunk` ŝohei-6.?4―kojürùikùėù jece, aon êgėuii`nàon ko yìİtn` y`pİin`ht`kİr.

@

Gptg-

fgupior0



h`rŗİnİz` êİh`m cer kurunkur.

• @ymİ mk` vo ymİ ŗ`rti`r

ìtİmk` cerkom l`zi` oion`mİmuy`rİin`sİ jorohteėemko TZNùrotofe vo sùrùfù kovro êİhİŗİ,hİs` kovroyo ygi `ên`n`h eêem

kgėruk`m oion`mi`rİm uy`rn`tornemìioremo c`ėi`m`n`z.


C

C

@

Gptg-fgupior

3


• Vùrùfù omtojro kovroior2

• Vemyìiorem êgėuii`mn`sİ voyìİtİin`sİ uyjui`n`sİmk`gptg-fgupior, tr`msestür vongslot jece oion`mi`rİmhuii`mİin`sİmİm y`mİsİr` cu eŗ eêem üzoi gi`r`h ùroteineŗ gi`m

Cu omtojroiorkom c`zİi`rİ ymİz`n`mk` pìs êgėuii`nèŗioneme ko y`p`ceinohtoker.Ùstoieh gptg-fgupioruyjui`nì`rİmk` gikuėu jececerkom l`zi` cosiono

h`ym`ėİm` eatey`ê kuyn`k`mcu eŗe y`p`ri`r.



y p huii`mİin`ht`kİr.

• Toh êgh lern` t`r`lİmk`m

ùroteinohto gi`m cu omtojrokovroior semyì ùrotofemkomìkİhi`rİ uy`rn` semyìioremecgzn`k`m vo jofehternokom

jomieh voy` `hİn gi`r`hyùhsoitnohtokerior.


C`zİ sùrùfù omtojro kovroioreso jùê oion`mi`rİmİm

`màt`ri`n` h`yİpi`rİmİ`zìt`ceinoh eêem susturn`sİr`sİmk` uy`rn` joreienemehosnoh yoremo moj`telo

kùŗùroroh joêe

ŗ sùroseme`zìtİfİ othe y`pn`ht`kİri`r.


• _yjui`nì rk` gikuhê` l`zi` huii`mİi`m TZN sùrùfù omtojroioremkomcerese, E&S lern`sİ t`r`lİmk`m ùroteinohto gi`m ES3004 sorese sùrùfù

omtojroiorker. Cu omtojroior toh cer oion`mİ sùroceikehiore jece `ymİ `mk`l`rhiİ soveyoiorko ehe oion`mİ k` sùroceinohtokerior. @ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-6.?0―ko cu omtojromem eê y`pİsİ kİŗ c`ėi`mtİsİ jürùinohtoker.





• ŝohei-6.?0―kom jürùikùėù jece,omtojromem jüroveme yoremo

joteroceinose eêem poh l`zi` kİŗ oion`m kostoėemo eatey`fİyghtur.

• ŝoheikom jürùikùėù jece

omtojromem eêemkohe kovroiorecosionoh e em \KK, İhİ h`tİmİ

Omtojro eêemko jereŗtom joiomsemyìiore yùhsoitnoh vo hgmtrgiotnoh `n`fİyi` igbeh `ėİriİhiİ ery`pİ huruinuŗ vo semyìiorpusa-puii êİhİŗ h`tİmk`mkİŗ`rİy` voreineŗter.

Omtojromem yùhsoh jereŗ (AE) voì `h ere IE gin`h ùzoro ehe



cosionoh eêem ko \FF gin`hùzoro ehe `kot cosiono

h`ym`ėİm` eatey`êkuyuin`ht`kİr.

• L`h`t poh êgh uyjui`n`k` cuehe joreien toh cer h`ym`ht`m

s`ėi`mn`ht` vo cumum k`giunsuz othese gin`n`ht`kİr.


semyì jereŗe vo cer ko hgrun`(VK) jereŗe v`rkİr.

Êİhİŗ gi`r`h k` yùhsoh êİhİŗ (AG) vo ìê`h êİhİŗ (IG) v`rkİr.

Cu êİhİŗi`r s`yosemko ŗoheikomjürùikùėù jece cer hüprùmùm

y`rİsİ yìİtn` gin`k`m hgmtrgiokeioceinohtoker.


• TZN h`ro kìj` semyìiore eio`f ŗocohoko [rey`h hgmtrgiu2

• Ceiemkeėe jece trey`hi`r êelt yümiùgi`r`h eioteno joêereiep `hİn`hİt`ceiom jùê `màt`ri`rİkİr.

• Cu mokomio aon eėmo pìsiorioaon ko h`ro kìjì`r eio

Cu tùr uyjui`nì`rk`ŗocohoko êìİŗ`m trey`h―İmŗocohoyio somhrgmezo (uyuniu)pìsior yoremo TZN h`rokìjèio uy`rİin`sİ kà` uyjumgin`ht`kİr.

@F ŗocohoko êìİŗ`mtre `h―i`rİm aora`m e cer TZN

.



s`yosemko trey`hi`r poh êgh `fkovroko kùŗùh lroh`msi`rk`

(4-3?Az) màt`ri`n` oion`mİgi`r`h huii`mİi`ceinohtoker.

• U`mİp sümom İŗİhi`r, fea`zi`rİmgtgn`teh `êİiİp h`p`mn`

hgmtrgiù vc. cu uyjui`nì`r`ürmoh gi`r`h jüstoreioceier.


ùrotofemkom oiko okeiom h`rokìj` semyìiorio uy`rİin`sİ

sİr`sİmk`, uy`rn` kovrosetrey`h jereŗemo kgėruk`mc`ėi`m`ceikeėe jece, kà` êghyìİtİi`r`h k` c`ėi`mn`ht`kİr.@ymİ z`n`mk` semyìêgėuii`n` k` huii`mİin`ht`kİr.


• @ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-6.?3―ko cerTZN ùrotofemem @F ŗocohoko

êìİŗ`m trey`h jereŗioremoc`ėi`mn`sİ jürùinohtoker.

• Jürùikùėù jece cu c`ėi`mtİkàora`mje cer yìİtn`

y`pİin`nİŗtİr. Cu c`ėi`mtİ`mf`h c`set u ui`nì`rk`

Trglosygmoi uyjui`nì`rk` esoŝohei-6.?6―ko jürùikùėù jeceTZN ùrotofe cer gptg-fgupiory`rkİnİyi` yìİtİi`r`h c`ėi`mİr.Cur`k` huii`mİi`m gptg-fgupioriok-lgtgkey`h eheieseker.

Uùh



huii`mİin`ht`kİr.


TZN

\V

Uùh

Gptg-fgupior

TZN

\V

Uùh

Sj

ÜKO\-<

<.0) [r`msestür jrucu oion`mi`rİm yìİtİi`r`h uy`rn`sİmk` huii`mİi`mGptgfgupior y`pİi`rİmİ kà` eye t`mİn`h eêem uyjum oion`mi`rcoierioyoroh emtormot grt`nİmk` ceije y`pr`hi`rİ (k`t`saoots)ùzoremkom `r`ŗtİrİmİz. [ùn gptgfgupior tùrioremem y`pİsİmİ, jomoi

üzoiiehioreme, tonoi p`r`notroioreme, ùrotefe lernì`rİmİ, [ùrheyotonseifeioreme vo s`tİŗ ley`tİmİ jüstorom cer r`pgr a`zİri`yİmİz.



<.3) [r`msestür jrucu oion`mi`rİm uy`rn`sİmk` vo sùrùinosemko

huii`mİi`m omtojro kovroiorkom gi`m _F6?3? vo ES3004 y`pİi`rİmİkà` eye t`mİn`h eêem emtormot grt`nİmk` ceije y`pr`hi`rİ (k`t`saoots)ùzoremkom `r`ŗtİrİmİz. Oion`mi`rİm eê y`pİsİmİ, jomoi üzoiiehioreme,tonoi p`r`notroioreme, ùrotefe lernì`rİmİ, [ùrheyo tonseifeioreme vo

s`tİŗ

ley`tİmİ jüstorom cer r`pgr a`zİri`yİmİz.


Cüiùn-;



-Kümùŗtùrùfùior




E\ - @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS

• Hgmtrgisuz kgėruitufu tùriore`ŗ`ėİk`he jece sİrì`m`ceier,

• 0 l`ziİ kgėruitufui`r8 ‖ U`rİn kìj` kgėruitufu,

‖ Venotreh t`n kìj` kgėruitufu,

‖ Hüprù t`n kìj` kgėruitufu,

Hgmtrgiiu kgėruitufu tùriore eso8

0 l`ziİ kgėruitufui`r8 U`rİn kìj` kgėruitufu,

Venotreh t`n kìj` kgėruitufu,

U`rİn hgmtrgiiu hüprùkgėruitufu,

[ n hgmtrgiiu hüprù kgėruitufu, • `z İ g ru tufu `r8



`z İ g ru tufu `r8 ‖ U`rİn kìj` kgėruitufu,

‖ Hüprù t`n kìj` kgėruitufu,

• Cu tonoi kgėruitufui`r kİŗİmk`êgh l`ziİ vo üzoi t`s`rİnkgėruitufu kovroiore kocuiumn`ht`kİr.


kgėruitufu.

6 l`ziİ kgėruitufui`r8 U`rİn kìj` kgėruitufu, U`rİn hgmtrgiiu hüprù

kgėruitufu,

[ n hgmtrgiiu hüprù kgėruitufu,

[ n hgmtrgiiu êelt hüprùkgėruitufu―kur.


• Kgėruitufu tùrioreme cu ŗoheikosİrì`kİht`m sgmr` eih vo om

c`set kgėruitufu kovrose gi`m 0l`ziİ y`rİn kìj` kgėruitufukovrosemkom etec`rom tùnkgėruitufui`r emfoiomnoyo

c`ŗi`m`f`htİr.• Ĵmfoiono sİr`sİmk`

0 L`ziİ U`rİn Kìj` HgmtrgisuzKgėruitufu (rozestel yùhto)2

@ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.0―ko 0 l`ziİy`rİn kìj` hgmtrgisuzkgėruitufu kovro c`ėi`mtİsİjürùinohtoker. Cu kovromem

rozestel (S) yùhto êìİŗn`sİmİjüstorom tonoi kìj` ŗoheiiore

kgėruitufumum jùê kovrose

eso ŝohei ; 3―ko voreineŗter



kgėruitufumum jùê kovrosec`ėi`mtİsİ, v`rs` uy`rn`

kovrose y`pİsİ vo jùêkovrosemo c`ėi`mtİsİ, jùêkovrosemem êìİŗn`sİmİjüstorom kìj` ŗoheiiore vokovrokohe `hİn vo joreienioremaos`pi`mn`sİ y`pİi`f`htİr.


eso ŝohei-;.3 ko voreineŗter.

`f

+

\V

-

+

\G

-

+ \K -

EV

EK EG

SI






• Êİhİŗ joreienem grtì`n` koėore8

• U`rİn kìj` hgmtrgisuzkgėruitufumum rozestel yùhtoêìİŗtİrİin`sİ kurunumk`, yùhùzoremko ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.6―ko jürùiom kìj` ŗohiemem

jürùiofoėeme coiertneŗteh.•

∨>

[

gkf kt t v

[

\

4

).(0

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ

3

4

)().sem(.3

0t k t \ \

nkf

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ 4

)().sem(3

t k t

\

\ nkf

êİhİŗ joreienemem grtì`n` \



êİhİŗ joreienemem grtì`n`koėor oŗetieėeme cuiìİn.


τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

\kfυt

\n

[

τ

υ

τ 4)^fgs(X

3t

\ \

n

kf ∓>

))^4fgs()(fgs(X3

∓∓> τ

τ

n

kf\ \

)^0()0(X3

++∓∓>

τ

n

kf

\ \

n

n

kf \ \ \ .601,4>>

τ


• Êİhİŗ `hİnİ grtì`n` koėore8

• U`rİn kìj` hgmtrgisuzkgėruitufumum rozestel yùhtoêìİŗtİrİin`sİ kurunumk`, yùhùzoremkom ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.;―ko jürùiom hİnİm

joêofoėeme coiertneŗteh.•

∨>

[

gkf kt t e

[

E

4

).(0

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ

3

4

)().sem(.3

0t k t E E

nkf

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ 4

)().sem(3

t k t E

E nkf

êİhİŗ `hİnİmİm grtì`n` koėor E



êİhİŗ `hİnİmİm grtì`n` koėoroŗetieėeme cuiìİn.


τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

Ekfυt

En

[

τ

υ

τ 4

)^fgs(X3

t E

E n

kf ∓>

))^4fgs()(fgs(X3

∓∓> τ

τ

n

kf E E

)^0()0(X3

++∓∓>

τ

n

kf

E E

S

\ E E E n

n

n

kf .601,4.601,4 >>>

τ


• Grtì`n` êİhİŗ jùfù8

• Grtì`n` êİhİŗ jùfù, grtì`n`êİhİŗ joreiene vo `hİnİmİmê`rpİnİm` oŗetter.

• Tkf> Ekf\kf

• H`ym`h hİnİmİm othem koėore8

∨>

[

srnsV kt t e[

E

4

3

)( .)^(X0

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ

3

4

3

)( )(.)^sem(.X3

0t k t E E

nrnsV

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ 4

33

)(

)().(sem3

t k t E

E n

rnsV

• H`ym`h `hİnİmİm kìj` ŗohie τ

4)( ^s m

Xt t E

E n

V∓>



H`ym`h hİnİmİm kìj` ŗohieŝohei-;.?―kohe jeceker. Cur`k`m8


τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

EVυt

En

[

τ 4)( ^

;3X

3 E

rnsV

^;

)4.3sem(

3

4()

;

)3sem(

3X(

3

3

)( ∓∓∓>

τ τ

τ

n

rnsV

E

E

33)^4()

3X(

3

33

)(

τ

τ

τ

τ

nn

rnsV

E E E >∓>

S\ E E E E

n

n

nn

rnsV .?,4.?,4

3;

3

)( >>>>


• H`ym`ht`m êoheiom othem jùê8

• Cu kovromem h`ym`ht`m êohteėeothem jùê, h`ym`h joreiene voh`ym`ht`m êoheiom `hİnİm othemkoėorioremem ê`rpİnİm` oŗetter.

• TV(rns)

> EV(rns)

\V(rns)

keygt t`r`lİmk`m cigho okeiomjoreienker. U`m t`r`lt` ŝohei-

;.<―k` jürùikùėù jece,h`ym`ėİm moj`telìtorm`msi`rİmk` keygtyìİtİnk` hìn`ht` vo topo

koėore ’\n„ gi`m h`ym`hjoreieneme cigho otnohtoker.• m` `r yg jor n 8

Cu kurunk` kovroko



• @màt`r (keygt) joreiene,


τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

\Kυt

-\n

[

`huii`mİi`f`h gi`m keygkum

êìİŗn` joreiene `ŗ`ėİk`heoŗetiehtom cuium`ceiofohter.

\K≯ \n+(%64.\n)


• @màt`r (keygt) hİnİ8

• @màt`r (keygt) `hİnİ, ŗ`ėİk`ŝohei-;.:―ko jürùikùėù jecey`rİn kìj` cer `hİnkİr.

• Cu kurunk` kovrokohuii`mİi`f`h gi`m keygkum

êìİŗn` `hİnİ,

Jùê h`ts`yİsİ (fgsό)8

Kovroko h`ym`h joreiene vo`hİnİ ŝohei-;.1―kohe jeceker. Cukurunk` h`ym`ht`m s`kofopgzetel ìtorm`msi`rk` voh`ym`hi` `ymİ l`zk` `hİn

êoheinohtoker.K n . n

etieėe k c i cei ht ke \



oŗetieėemkom cuium`ceinohtoker.


τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

Ekfυt

En

[

\V

υt

\n

EVυt

En


• Ceiemkeėe jece omkùstrekoheyùhiorem êgh cùyùh cer cüiùnù

omkùhtel h`r`htorie (I+S)yùhiorker.

• Cu yùhioro voreioceiofoh omümonie ürmoh oiohtreh

ngtgri`rİkİr. Oiohtreh ngtgri`rİe orkehiore cgcemior vo cu

0 L`ziİ U`rİn Kìj` HgmtrgisuzKgėruitufu (omkùhtel yùhto)2

@ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.5―k` 0 l`ziİy`rİn kìj` hgmtrgisuzkgėruitufu kovro c`ėi`mtİsİjürùinohtoker. Cu kovromem

omkùhtel yùhto êìİŗn`sİmİjüstorom tonoi kìj` ŗoheiiore

cgcemiorem keromêiore mokomeyio

eso ŝohei-;.04―k` voreineŗter.



ê yomkùhtel + rozestel (I+S)

kurunumk`kİri`r.• [ cee he kovroko omkùhtel yùhgin`sİ c`ŗt` kovro `hİni`rİgin`h ùzoro kovroko poh êghp`r`notroye vo ŗ`rti`rİkoėeŗternohtoker.


EK

`f

+

\V

-

+

\G

-

+ \K -

EV

EG

RIEKn

Kn

E\ - @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS U`m t`r`lt`he ŝohei-;.04―k`m

jürùikùėù jece, yùhùm êgh

omkùhtel gikuėu h`cui okeierso,kovromem êİhİŗ `hİnİ (EG) êgh `zkìjì`m`f`htİr. Cez êezen voaos`pi`n` hgi`yiİėİ gin`sİ

`êİsİmk`m cu `hİnİ kùz h`cuiokofoėez.

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

\V υt

\n

\kfυt

\n

\n

Uemo ŗoheikom jürùikùėù jece cu\Kυt




`hİn, pgzetel ìtorm`msi`rk`h`rm`ht`m vo keygt ùzoremkom(EV,K), moj`tel ìtorm`msi`rk` esoyùho tors p`rìoi gi`r`hc`ėi`mnİŗ sorcost joêeŗ keygkuùzoremkom kgi`ŗn`ht`kİr. Cu

kurunk` p`r`notroior8

Ekfυt

En

EKnυt

En

EV,Kυt

En

E\ - @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• Êİhİŗ joreienem grtì`n` koėore8

• U`rİn kìj` hgmtrgisuz

kgėruitufumum omkùhtel yùhtoêìİŗtİrİin`sİ kurunumk`, yùhùzoremko ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.00―ko jürùiom kìj` ŗohie,

rozestel yùh eio `ymİ gi`f`htİr.•

Êİhİŗ `hİnİ grtì`n` koėore8

Omkùhtel yùhto yùh ùzoremkom

joêom hİn ŝohei-;.03―kojürùikùėù jece sùrohie vo s`cet(kùz) h`cui okeinohtoker.

Cu kurunk` grtì`n` koėor,

Ekf> En> \n / R

oiko okeiom oŗetieh omkùhtel yùh



ŗ yeêem ko `ymom joêorieker.


τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

\kfυt

\n

[

oŗetieėe huii`mİi`r`h kgėruk`m

aos`pi`m`ceiofohter.τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

Ekf υt

En



E\ - @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• H`ym`ht`m êoheiom othem jùê8

• Cu kovromem h`ym`ht`m êohteėe

othem jùê, h`ym`h joreiene voh`ym`ht`m êoheiom `hİnİm othemkoėorioremem ê`rpİnİm` oŗetter.

• TV(rns)> EV(rns)\V(rns)

ŝohei-;.0;―kom jürùikùėù jece,rozestel yùhtohe ŗohieme

hgrukuėum` jüro `ymİ oŗetiehioaos`pi`m`ceiofohter.

\K≯ \n+(%64.\n)

@màt`r (keygt) hİnİ8 • m` `r yg jor n 8

@màt`r (keygt) joreiene

m` `r yg ` İnİ, o -; 06―kom jürùikùėù jece





τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

\Kυt

-\n

[

;.06 kom jürùikùėù jece,h`ym`h `hİnİ eio `ymİ gikuėum`

jüro vo keygt ùzoremkom `h`mom yùhsoh `hİn ’En„ gikuėum`jüro cu `hİn koėore,

EK≯ En+(%64.En)

oŗetieėemkom cuium`ceiofohter.


Ürmoh2 334\-?4Az ŗocohoko êìİŗ`m

y`rİn kìj` hgmtrgisuzkgėruitufu,

`) 04ℬ―iuh rozestel cer yùhùcosiokeėemko giuŗ`f`h tùn

kovro p`r`notroioreme,


Kovroko h`ym`h joreiene vo

`hİnİ ŝohei-;.0?―kohe jeceker.Cu kurunk` h`ym`ht`m s`kofopgzetel ìtorm`msi`rk` voh`ym`hi` `ymİ l`zk` `hİn

êoheinohtoker vo cu kurunk`ù h`ts` İsİ hİn kf giku u u om r y

cosiokeėemko giuŗ`f`h tùn

eêem coiersezker.




cosiokeėemko giuŗ`f`h tùnkovro p`r`notroioreme

aos`pi`yİmİz. Êüzùn2 `) Sozestel yùhto êİhİŗ

joreienemem grtì`n` koėore,

\kf> 4,601.\n

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

\Vυt

\n

EV,Kt

En

E\ - @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS\n> \rns.−3> 334.−3> 600\

\kf> 4,601.600> 51,15\

Sozestel yùhto êİhİŗ `hİnİmİmgrtì`n` koėore,

Ekf> 4,601.EnEn> \n / S> 600 / 04> 60,0@

Ekf> 4,601.60,0> 5,11@

Sozestel yùhto h`ym`ht`mêoheiom othem jùê,

TV(rns)> EV(rns).\V(rns)

TV(rns)> 0?,??.334> 6,;3hZ

Sozestel yùhto màt`r (keygt)

joreiene,

Sozestel yùhto grtì`n` êİhİŗ jùfù

K n+ . n

\ ≯ 600 0 6 ≯ ;44\




jùfù,

Tkf

> Ekf

.\kf

Tkf> 5,11.51,15> 5::Z

Sozestel yùhto h`ym`h `hİnİmİmothem koėore,

EV(rns)> 4,?.EnEV(rns)> 4,?.60,0> 0?,??@

\K ≯ 600 . 0,6 ≯ ;44\

Sozestel yùhto màt`r (keygt)`hİnİ,

EK ≯ En+ (%64.En)

EK ≯ 60,0 . 0,6 ≯ ;4@

E\ - @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOSc) Êgh omkùhtel yùhto êİhİŗ joreienemem grtì`n` koėore,

\kf> 4,601.\n

\n> \rns.−3> 334.−3> 600\

\kf> 4,601.600> 51,15\

Êİhİŗ `hİnİmİm grtì`n`

koėore,

Êgh omkùhtel yùhto h`ym`ht`mêoheiom othem jùê,


TV(rns)> 30,::.334> ;,:1hZ

Êgh omkùhtel yùhto màt`r

(keygt) joreiene, kf> n> n > > ,

Grtì`n` êİhİŗ jùfùK n+ . n

\K ≯ 600 0 6 ≯ ;44\




Grtì`n` êİhİŗ jùfù,

Tkf

> Ekf

.\kf

Tkf> 60,0.51,15> 6,4:hZ

H`ym`h `hİnİmİm othem koėore,

EV(rns)> −h . En

EV(rns)> −(4,?).60,0> 30,::@

\K ≯ 600. 0,6 ≯ ;44\

Êgh omkùhtel yùhto màt`r(keygt) hİnİ,

EK ≯ En+ (%64.En)

EK ≯ 60,0 . 0,6 ≯ ;4@

E\ - @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• Ürmohtom jürùikùėù jece `hİn

vo joreieniorem kìj` ŗoheiioremo

jüro rozestel vo omkùhtel yùhiorojüro kovroyio eijeie tùnp`r`notroior (`hİn, joreien,jùê vc.) rà`tiİhi`

aos`pi`m`ceinohtoker.• Oiko okeiom cu ko orior, ere

0 L`ziİ U`rİn Kìj` HgmtrgiiuKgėruitufu (rozestel yùhto)2

ŝohei-;.0<―k` 0 l`ziİ y`rİn kìj`hgmtrgiiu kgėruitufu jürùinohtoker.Cu kovromem rozestel (S) yùhtoêìİŗn`sİmİ jüstorom tonoi kìj`ŗoheiiore ŝohei-;.0:―ko voreineŗter.

Vymf joreiene voy` yùh koėeŗnokehêos`cetter

ĴėmoTìs

ΰ



s`cetter.

• ŝenke eso `ymİ kovroye hgmtrgiiuvorseygmumu emfoioyoien. Cukurunk` kovroko keygt yoremotrestür huii`mİi`f`h vo trestürpgzetel ìtorm`mst` 4² eio 014²`r`sİmk` hgmtrgi okeiofohter.


`f

+

\V

-

+

\G

-

EV EG

SI

TìsÙrotofe

+ \K -

EK

E\ - @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS ŝohei-;.0:―ko jùê kovroioremem

`mìezemko huii`mİi`m < `kot

p`r`notro vo hgmtrgi kìj`ŗoheiiore jüstoreineŗter. Cumi`r8

0) H`ym`h joreiene (\V),

3) Hgmtrgi joreiene (\hgmt.)

6) Êİhİŗ (yùh) joreiene (\G),

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

\V υt

\n

\n

ΰ ΰ

υt\hgmt.

m` `r yg jor n K ,

?) H`ym`h `hİnİ (EV),\kf

υ




?) H`ym`h `hİnİ (EV),

<) Êİhİŗ (yùh) `hİnİ (EG

),

:) @màt`r (keygt) hİnİ (EK)―ker.

Cur`k` h`ym`h, yùh vo `màt`r`hİni`rİ kovro c`ėi`mtİsİmokomeyio `ymİ gikuėu eêem tohŗoheiio (Etùn) jüstoreineŗter.

\[υt

\n

Etùnυt

En

E\ - @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• ŝohei-;.0:―kom jürùikùėù jece,

êİhİŗ (yùh) ùzoremko h`ym`ht`m

joiom pgzetel ìtorm`msi`restomeiom neht`rk` jürùinohto,moj`tel ìtorm`msi`r esojürùinonohtoker.

• Cumum mokome trestürùm pgzetelìtorm`msi`rk` eioteno o nose,

ŝohei-;.0:―ko jürùiom tonoikìj` ŗoheiioremkom

y`r`ri`m`r`h kovroko jorohieaos`pi`nì`r y`pİi`ceier.Kovroko y`pİi`ceiofoh c`zİaos`pi`nì`r ŗumi`rkİr8

0) Êİhİŗ joreiene grtì`n` koėore, 3 İhİ `hİnİmİm grtì`n` ko ore

moj`tel itorm`msi`rk` esoyìİtİnk` hìn`sİkİr

6) Grtì`n` êİhİŗ jùfù,

;) H ht hei h the



yìİtİnk` hìn`sİkİr.

• [restürùm, pgzetel vo moj`telìtorm`msi`rk` yìİtİnk`hìkİėİ z`n`mi`rk` h`ym`hjoreiene trestür ùzoremko,trestürùm cigho otteėe joreiengi`r`h jürùinohtoker.


;) H`ym`ht`m êoheiom `hİnİm othem

koėore, ?) H`ym`ht`m êoheiom othem jùê,

<) @màt`r (keygt) joreiene,

:) @màt`r (keygt) `hİnİ.

1) Jùê h`ts`yİsİ,


• U`rİn kìj` hgmtrgiiu

kgėruitufumum rozestel yùhtoêìİŗtİrİin`sİ kurunumk`, yùhùzoremko ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.01―ko voreiom kìj` ŗohiemem


∨>

[

gkf kt t v

[ \

4

).(0

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ

3

4

)().sem(.3

0t k t \ \

nkf

∨>

τ

ΰ

υ υ

τ

)().sem(3

t k t \

\ n

kf

êİhİŗ joreienemem grtì`n`koėor oŗetieėeme cuiìİn

τ

ΰ υ

τ

)^fgs(X3

t \ n

kf ∓>



koėor oŗetieėeme cuiìİn.


))^fgs()(fgs(X3 ΰ τ τ ∓∓>

n

kf

\

\

)^(fgs)0(X3

ΰ

τ

+∓∓> n

kf

\ \

)fgs0(3ΰ

τ

+> n

kf

\ \

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

\kfυt

[

ΰ

\n

E\ - @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• Êİhİŗ `hİnİ grtì`n` koėore8


kgėruitufumum rozestel yùhtoêìİŗtİrİin`sİ kurunumk`, yùhùzoremkom ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.05―k` jürùiom hİnİm


∨>

[

gkf kt t e

[ E

4

).(0

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ

3

4

)().sem(.3

0t k t E E

nkf

∨>

τ

ΰ

υ υ τ )().sem(3 t k t

E

E

n

kf

êİhİŗ `hİnİmİm grtì`n` koėoroŗetieėeme cuiìİn

τ

ΰ υ

τ

)^fgs(X3

t E

E n

kf ∓>



oŗetieėeme cuiìİn.

N.Mofkot UEIKERJÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE 3;

τ 3

))^fgs()(fgs(X3ΰ τ

τ ∓∓>

n

kf

E

E

)^(fgs)0(X3

ΰ

τ

+∓∓> n

kf

E E

S

\ E

E

kfn

kf >+> )fgs0(3 ΰ τ

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

Ekfυt

[

ΰ

En

E\ - @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• Grtì`n` êİhİŗ jùfù8

• Grtì`n` êİhİŗ jùfù, grtì`n`

êİhİŗ joreiene vo `hİnİmİmê`rpİnİm` oŗetter.

• Tkf> Ekf\kf


∨>

[

srnsV kt t e[

E

4

3

)( .)^(X0

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ

3

4

3

)( )(.)^sem(.X3

0t k t E E

nrnsV

∨>

τ

ΰ

υ υ

τ

)().(sem3

33

)(

t k t E

E n

rnsV

• H`ym`h hİnİmİm kìj` ŗohieŝohei-;.34―k`he jeceker.

τ

ΰ

τ

^;

)3sem(

3X

3

3

)(

t t E E

n

rnsV ∓>



ŝohei ;.34 k`he jeceker.


)^;

3sem

3();

)3sem(

3X(3

3

)(

ΰ ΰ τ τ

τ ∓∓∓>

n

rnsV

E

E

);

3sem

33(

3

3

)(

ΰ ΰ τ

τ

+∓> n

rnsV

E E

)3

3sem0(3

)(τ

ΰ

τ

ΰ +∓> n

rnsV E E

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

EVυt

[

ΰ

En





trestür t`r`lİmk`m cigho okeiomjoreienker. U`m t`r`lt` ŝohei-

;.30―ko jürùikùėù jece,h`ym`ėİm pgzetel vo moj`telìtorm`msi`rİmk` trestüryìİtİnk` hìn`ht` vo topo

koėore ’\n„ gi`m h`ym`hjoreieneme cigho otnohtoker.• m` `r r s r jor n 8

• [restür joreiene, kovrokohe- Cu kurunk` kovroko

huii`mİi`f`h gi`m trestürùm




êìİŗn` joreiene `ŗ`ėİk`heoŗetiehtom aos`pi`m`ceiofohter.

\[≯ \n+(%64.\n)\[υt

\n

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

[ΰ

E\ - @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• @màt`r (trestür) hİnİ8

• @màt`r (trestür) hİnİ, ŗ`ėİk`

ŝohei-;.33―ko jürùikùėù jecen`x. y`rİn kìj` cer `hİnkİr.

• Cu kurunk` kovrokohuii`mİi`f`h gi`m trestürùm

êìİŗn` `hİnİ,



`hİnİ ŝohei-;.36―kohe jeceker.Cu kurunk` h`ym`ht`m s`kofopgzetel ìtorm`msi`rk` vo ’ΰ„`êİsİyi` c`ėi`mtİiİ komjosez cer

`hİn êoheinohtoker.[ n . n

oŗetieėemkom cuium`ceinohtoker. \n




τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

[

E[υt

ΰ

En \V

υt

EVυt

ΰ

En

E\ - @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• Omkùstreko ėİriİhi` oiohtreh

ngtgri`rİmİm huii`mİikİėİ

ceiemnohtoker. Oiohtreh ngtgri`rİeêorkehiore cgcemior vo cucgcemiorem keromêiore mokomeyioomkùhtel + rozestel (I+S)

kurunumk`kİri`r.• Hgmtrgiiu kg ruitufui`r,

0 L`ziİ U`rİn Kìj` HgmtrgiiuKgėruitufu (omkùhtel yùhto)2

ŝohei-;.3;―ko 0 l`ziİ y`rİn kìj`hgmtrgiiu kgėruitufu kovro vokovromem omkùhtel yùhto ê iİŗn`sİmİjüstorom tonoi kìj` ŗoheiiore esoŝohei-;.3?―ko voreineŗter.

Vymf üzoiiehio kgėru `hİn oiohtrehngtgri`rİmİm hgmtrgiu eêem E

ĴėmoTìs

Ùrotofe

ΰ



êjoieŗtereineŗ kovroiorker.

• [ cee he kovroko omkùhtel yùhgin`sİ c`ŗt` kovro `hİni`rİgin`h ùzoro kovroko poh êghp`r`notroye vo ŗ`rti`rİ

koėeŗternohtoker.


EKn

Kn

`f

+

\V

-

+

\G

-

EV EG

RI

+ \K -

EK Ùrotofe





kgėruitufumum omkùhtel yùhtoêìİŗtİrİin`sİ kurunumk`, yùhùzoremko ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.3<―k` jürùiom kìj` ŗohie,




joêom hİn ŝohei-;.3:―kojürùikùėù jece sùrohie vo s`cet(kùz) h`cui okeinohtoker.


Ekf> En> \n / R oiko okeiom oŗetieh omkùhtel yùheêem ko `ymom joêorieker. oŗetieėemkom kgėruk`m



ê y j ê


aos`pi`m`ceiofohter.

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

Ekfυt

En

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

\kfυt

[

ΰ

\n

E\ - @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• Grtì`n` êİhİŗ jùfù8

• Omkùhtel yùhto grtì`n` êİhİŗ

jùfù, grtì`n` êİhİŗ joreiene vo`hİnİmİm ê`rpİnİm` oŗetter.

• Tkf> Ekf\kf


ŝohei-;.31―ko coierteiom vo`hİnİm `htel gikuėu ’t0„ vo

p`sel gikuėu jüro ’t3„ sùroiorehuii`mİi`r`h, ’othem porygt (h)„aos`pi`n`sİ y`pİi`ceier.

h> t0 / (t0+t3)> t0 / [

• H`ym`h hİnİmİm kìj` ŗohieŝohei-;.31―kohe jeceker.

ur` `m, `ro ` j` ŗo m okoėeŗom h`ym`h `hİnİmİm othemkoėore `ŗ`ėİk`he oŗetiehtom




koėore `ŗ`ėİk`he oŗetiehtom

cuium`ceiofohter. EV(rns)> −h.En EV(rns)> −h.(\n / R)

oŗetiehioremkom cuium`ceiofohter.

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

EV,K

tEn

[t0 t3





ŝohei-;.35―k`m jürùikùėù jece,rozestel yùhtohe ŗohieme


\[≯ \n+(%64.\n)

@màt`r (trestür) hİnİ8 • m` `r r s r jor n 8

• [restürùm êìİŗn` joreiene-

m` `r r s r ` İnİ, o -;.31―kom jürùikùėù jece,h`ym`h `hİnİ eio `ymİ gikuėum`




h`ym`h `hİnİ eio `ymİ gikuėum`


E[≯ En+(%64.En)


τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

\[υt

-\n

[

\n



E\ - @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS\n> \rns.−3> 334.−3> 600\

\kf> 600/<,31.(0+fgs54˒)> ;5,?3\


Ekf> (En / 3τ).(0+fgsΰ)

En> \n / S> 600 / 04> 60,0@

Ekf> 60,0/<,31.(0+fgs54˒)> ;,5?@ Sozestel ùhto grtì`n` İhİ ùfù,

Sozestel yùhto h`ym`ht`m êoheiomothem jùê,

TV(rns)

> EV(rns)

.\V(rns)

TV(rns)> 04,55.334> 3,;0hZ

Sozestel yùhto `màt`r (trestür)joreiene,

\[ ≯ \n+ (%64.\n)

Tkf> Ekf.\kf

Tkf> ;5,?3 . ;,5?> 3;?,03Z

\[ ≯ 600 . 0,6 ≯ ;44\

S e tel ùht at (t e tü )




Sozestel yùhto h`ym`h `hİnİmİmothem koėore,

Sozestel yùhto `màt`r (trestür)

`hİnİ,E[ ≯ En+ (%64.En)

E[ ≯ 60,0 . 0,6 ≯ ;4@

gi`r`h cuiumn`ht`kİr.

)3

3sem(

0

3)(

ΰ ΰ τ

τ

+∓> n

rnsV

E E

)

3

)54.3sem(

3

(0

3

0,60)(

+∓>τ

τ

τ

rnsV E

Es(rns)> 04,55@



ÜKO\-:

:.0) 334\-?4Az ŗocohoko 03ℬ―iuh s`l rozestel cer yùhù cosioyom 0 l`ziİy`rİn k ij` hgmtrgisuz kgėruitufumum,

`) Kovro ŗon`sİmİ t`n gi`r`h êezemez, `hİn vo joreien yümioreme kovroùzoremko jüstoremez.

c) Kovromem tonoi kìj` ŗoheiioreme koėorioreyio ceriehto êezemez..

: 3) 334\-?4Az ŗocohoko 54² uy`rn` `êİsİmk` 03ℬ―iuh êgh omkùhtel



:.3) 334\ ?4Az ŗocohoko, 54 uy`rn` `êİsİmk`,03ℬ iuh êgh omkùhtel

cer yùhù cosioyom 0 l`ziİ y`rİn kìj` hgmtrgiiu kgėruitufumum,`) Kovro ŗon`sİmİ t`n gi`r`h êezemez, `hİn vo joreien yümioreme kovroùzoremko jüstoremez.

c) Kovromem tonoi kìj` ŗoheiioreme koėorioreyio ceriehto êezemez.

f) Êezeiom kìj` ŗoheiioremo jüro tonoi p`r`notroiore aos`pi`yİmİz.


E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• 0 L`ziİ Venotreh [ n Kìj`

Hgmtrgisuz Kgėruitufu2

• Ceiemkeėe jece, 0 l`ziİ joreienet`n kìj` kgėruit`ceinoh eêem,senotreh @F h`ym`ėİm gikuėuvoy` hgi`yiİhi` oiko

okeioceiofoėe yoriorko, s`kofo3 `kot ù `màt`rİ huii`m`r`h

@ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.60―ko 0 l`ziİsenotreh t`n kìj` hgmtrgisuz

kgėruitufu kovro c`ėi`mtİsİjürùinohtoker.

ŝoheikom jürùikùėù jece h`ym`hjoreiene grt` uêiu cer tr`mslg eio

êgėuii`mn`ht`kİr. Ekf

t`n kìj` kgėruitn` y`pn`hnùnhùmkùr.

C k k a ù +EK



• Cu s`yoko kà` z jùê`màt`rİ huii`mİi`r`h màt`rh`yİpi`rİ `zìtİin`ht`kİr. L`h`tsenotreh @F gin`kİėİkuruni`rk` `yrİf` cer huruiuŗ

nìeyote grt`y` êİhn`ht`kİr.


\s

K3

SIEs

+\kf

-

EK

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• ŝohei-;.60―ko jürùiom 0 l`ziİ

senotreh t`n kìj` hgmtrgisuz

kgėruitufu eio `ymİ eŗe y`p`m cerkeėor kovro ko hüprù c`ėiİhgmtrgisuz kgėruitufukovroseker.

• 0 l`ziİ hgmtrgisuz hüprùkg ruitufu kovrosemko senotreh

0 L`ziİ Hgmtrgisuz HüprùKgėruitufu (rozestel yùhto)2

ŝohei-;.63―ko 0 l`ziİ t`n kìj`hgmtrgisuz hüprù kgėruitufukovro c`ėi`mtİsİ jürùinohtoker.Kovromem rozestel (S) yùhto

êìİŗn`sİ kìj` ŗoheiiore ŝohei-;.66―ko voreineŗter.

@F h`ym`ė` eatey`ê yghtur. Cumokomio senotreh @F oikootnoh eêem `yrİf` tr`mslgrn`tür

K0

EkfEk

-



otnoh eêem `yrİf` tr`mslgrn`türhuii`mn`y` k` joroh yghtur.

• Aor ehe kovrokom oiko okeiomêİhİŗ k` t`n kìj` gikuėu eêem`mìez hüprù kgėruitufuy` jüro

y`pİi`f`htİr.


\s

K0

K3

SIEs

+\kf

-K;

K6

-\k+

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS ŝohei-;.66―kom jürùikùėù jece,

jùê kovroioremem mìezemko

huii`mİi`m < `kot p`r`notromemkìj` ŗoheiiore jüstoreineŗter.

Cumi`r8



\V υt

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ\n

υt

\n

\kf υt

\n

m` `r yg jor n K ,

;) H`ym`h `hİnİ (EV),

?) Êİhİŗ (yùh) `hİnİ (EG)EV υt

En




?) Êİhİŗ (yùh) `hİnİ (EG),

<) @màt`r (keygt) hİnİ (EK)―ker.Cur`k` h`ym`h, yùh vo `màt`r`hİni`rİ kovro c`ėi`mtİsİmokomeyio l`rhiİ gikuėu eêem `yrİ

ŗoheiiorio jüstoreineŗter.EK υt

En

Ekf υt

En

EV

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• ŝohei-;.66―kom jürùikùėù jece,

êİhİŗ (yùh) ùzoremko h`ym`ht`m

joiom pgzetel ìtorm`msi`rgikuėu jece moj`tel ìtorm`msi`reso pgzetelo h`ti`mnİŗ ŗoheikojürùinohtoker.

• Cumum mokome pgzetelìtorm`msi`rk` K0 vo K3,

ŝohei-;.66―ko jürùiom tonoikìj` ŗoheiioremkom


0) Êİhİŗ joreiene grtì`n` koėore, 3 İhİ `hİnİmİm grtì`n` ko ore

moj`tel itorm`msi`rk` eso K6vo K; keygti`rİmİm eioteneker.

• Keygti`rİm yìİtİnk` hìkİėİ


;) H`ym`ht`m êoheiom `hİnİm othemkoėore



• Keygti`rİm yìİtİnk` hìkİėİhomkeioremo jüro tors gi`mìtorm`msi`rk` eso h`ym`ht`mjoiom cu itorm`msi r aor cerkeygt ùzoremko, cigho otteėe

joreien gi`r`h jürùinohtoker.


koėore,

?) H`ym`ht`m êoheiom othem jùê,

<) @màt`r (keygt) joreiene,

:) @màt`r (keygt) `hİnİ.


E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• Êİhİŗ joreienem grtì`n` koėore8

• 0 l`ziİ t`n kìj` hgmtrgisuz

kgėruitufumum rozestel yùhtoêìİŗtİrİin`sİ kurunumk`, yùhùzoremko ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.6;―ko voreiom kìj` ŗohiemem


∨>

[

gkf kt t v

[ \

4

).(0

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ 4

)().sem(.0

t k t \ \ nkf

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ 4

)().sem( t k t

\ \

n

kf


τ

υ

τ 4)^fgs(X t

\ \

n

kf ∓>

\




τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

\kfυt

\n

[

))^4fgs()(fgs(X ∓∓> τ τ

n

kf

\

\

)^0()0(X ++∓∓>

τ

n

kf

\ \

n

n

kf \

\

\ .<6<,4

.3>>

τ

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• Êİhİŗ `hİnİ grtì`n` koėore8


kgėruitufumum rozestel yùhtoêìİŗtİrİin`sİ kurunumk`, yùhùzoremkom ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.6?―ko jürùiom hİnİm


∨>

[

gkf kt t e

[ E

4

).(0

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ 4

)().sem(.0

t k t E E nkf

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ 4

)().sem( t k t E

E n

kf


τ

υ

τ 4)^fgs(X t

E E

n

kf ∓>

n E




τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

Ekfυt

En

[

))^4fgs()(fgs(X ∓∓> τ τ

n

kf E

)^0()0(X ++∓∓>

τ

n

kf

E E

S

\

E

E

E

n

n

n

kf .<6<,4.<6<,4

.3>>>

τ

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• Grtì`n` êİhİŗ jùfù8



• Tkf> Ekf\kf


∨>

[

srnsV kt t e[

E

4

3

)( .)^(X0

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ

3

4

3

)( )(.)^sem(.X3

0t k t E E

nrnsV

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ

3

4

33

)(

)().(sem3

t k t E

E n

rnsV

• H`ym`h hİnİmİm kìj` ŗohieŝohei-;.6<―k`he jeceker.

τ υ υ

τ

3

4

3

)( ^;

)3sem(

3X

3

t t E E

n

rnsV ∓>

)43sem(4);sem(33

ττE




τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

EVυt

En

[

^;

)4.3sem(

3

4()

;

);sem(

3

3X(

3)( ∓∓∓>

τ τ

τ

nrnsV

E E

03)^4()

0X(

3

33

)(

τ

τ

τ

τ

nn

rnsV

E E E >∓>

S\ E E E

n

n

n

rnsV .:,4.:,4

3

3

)( >>>



E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• @màt`r (keygt) hİnİ8

• @màt`r (keygt) `hİnİ, ŗ`ėİk`

ŝohei-;.61―ko jürùikùėù jecey`rİn kìj` cer `hİnkİr.


êìİŗn` `hİnİ,



`hİnİ ŝohei-;.65―k`he jeceker.Cu kurunk` h`ym`ht`m aor eheìtorm`mst` k` vo h`ym`hi``ymİ l`zk` `hİn êoheinohtoker

Cu kurunk` fgsό> 0―ker.K n . n


\Vυt

\n




τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

Ekfυt

En

[

V

EVυt

En

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• Ceiemkeėe jece omkùstrekohe

yùhiorem êgh cùyùh cer cüiùnù

omkùhtel h`r`htorie (I+S)yùhiorker.

• Cu yùhioro voreioceiofoh omümonie ürmoh oiohtreh

ngtgri`rİkİr. Oiohtreh ngtgri`rİe orkehiore cgcemior vo cu

0 L`ziİ Hgmtrgisuz HüprùKgėruitufu (omkùhtel yùhto)2

ŝohei-;.;4―k` 0 l`ziİ t`n kìj`hgmtrgisuz hüprù kgėruitufukovro c`ėi`mtİsİ jürùinohtoker.Kovromem omkùhtel (I+S) yùhtoêìİŗn`sİmİ jüstorom kìj`ŗoheiiore ŝohei-;.;0―ko

cgcemiorem keromêiore mokomeyioomkùhtel + rozestel (I+S)kurunumk`kİri`r.

voreineŗter.

EkfEk

-



• [ cee he kovroko omkùhtel yùhgin`sİ c`ŗt` kovro `hİni`rİgin`h ùzoro kovroko poh êghp`r`notroye vo ŗ`rti`rİ

koėeŗternohtoker.


\s K0

K3

RIEs

+\kf

-

K;

K6\k

+

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS U`m t`r`lt`he ŝohei-;.;0―kom

jürùikùėù jece, yùhùm êgh

omkùhtel gikuėu h`cui okeierso,kovromem êİhİŗ `hİnİ (EG) êgh `zkìjì`m`f`htİr. Cez êezen voaos`pi`n` hgi`yiİėİ gin`sİ`êİsİmk`m cu `hİnİ kùz h`cuiokofoėez.

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

\Vυt

\n

\Gυt

\n

υt

\n

Uemo ŗoheikom jürùikùėù jece cu`hİn, pgzetel vo moj`telìtorm`msi`rk` h`ym`ht`m êeltυt

En




yümiù gi`r`h êoheinohto,keygti`rk`m eso homkeioremouyjum gi`m ìtorm`msi`rk` `hİn`hn`ht`kİr. Cu kurunk`

p`r`notroior8

EG

EK0υt

En

EVυt

En


• U`rİn kìj` hgmtrgisuz

kgėruitufumum omkùhtel yùhtoêìİŗtİrİin`sİ kurunumk`, yùhùzoremko ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.;3―ko jürùiom kìj` ŗohie,




joêom hİn ŝohei-;.;6―kojürùikùėù jece sùrohie vo s`cet(kùz) h`cui okeinohtoker.


Ekf> En> \n / R oiko okeiom oŗetieh omkùhtel yùheêem ko `ymom joêorieker. oŗetieėemkom kgėruk`m

aos`pi`m`ceiofohter.




τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

\kfυt

\n

[

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

Ekfυt

En


• Omkùhtel yùhto grtì`n` êİhİŗ

jùfù, grtì`n` êİhİŗ joreiene vo`hİnİmİm ê`rpİnİm` oŗetter.

• Tkf> Ekf\kf


ŝohei-;.;;―ko jürùiom êghomkùhtel yùh eêem h`ym`h `hİnİ

ŗohiemkom a`rohotio h`ym`h`hİnİmİm othem koėore hgi`yiİhi`cuium`ceiofohter.

Ceiemkeėe jece ŗocoho

joreienemko othem koė

or aos`cİtoh itorm`ms e em• H`ym`h hİnİmİm kìj` ŗohie

ŝohei-;.;;―kohe jeceker.

cuiumn`ht`kİr, êùmhù h`roìİmkİėİ eêem moj`tel ìtorm`mst`k` `ymİ sgmuf` ui`ŗİin`ht`kİr.




Cu kurunk` s`kofo ’4-τ„`rìİėİ eêem othem koėorkgėruk`m topo koėor (En) voy`êİhİŗ `hİnİ koėoremo oŗet

gi`f`htİr y`me ’Erns> En„ker.

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

EVt

En

[

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• H`ym`ht`m êoheiom othem jùê8




ŝohei-;.;?―kom jürùikùėù jece,rozestel yùhtohe ŗohieme


\K≯ \n+(%64.\n)

@màt`r (keygt) hİnİ8 • m` `r yg jor n 8


τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

m` `r yg ` İnİ, o -;.;0―kom jürùikùėù jece,h`ym`h `hİnİ eio `ymİ gikuėum`




\Kυt

-\n

[


EK≯ En+(%64.En)


E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS Ürmoh2 334\-?4Az ŗocohoko êìİŗ`m

t`n kìj` hüprù hgmtrgisuzkgėruitufu,


kovro p`r`notroioreme,



`hİnİ ŝohei-;.;<―k`he jeceker.Cu kurunk` h`ym`ht`m aonpgzetel aon ko moj`telìtorm`msi`rk` h`ym`hjoreieneyio `ymİ l`ziİ `hİnoheinohto `me fgs > 0―ker.

u om r ycosiokeėemko giuŗ`f`h tùnkovro p`r`notroioreme

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ\n




aos`pi`yİmİz. Êüzùn2 `) Sozestel yùhto êİhİŗ


\kf> 4,<6<.\n

\V υt

EVt

En

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS\n> \rns.−3> 334.−3> 600\

\kf> 4,<6<.600> 05:,:5\


Ekf> 4,<6<.EnEn> \n / S> 600 / 04> 60,0@

Ekf> 4,<6<.60,0> 05,::@


TV(rns)> EV(rns).\V(rns)TV(rns)> 30,::.334> ;,:1hZ

Sozestel yùhto màt`r (keygt)

joreiene,

Sozestel yùhto grtì`n` êİhİŗ jùfù,

Tkf> Ekf.\kf

K n+ . n

\K ≯ 600 . 0,6 ≯ ;44\




Tkf> 05,:: . 05:,:5> 6,50hZ Sozestel yùhto h`ym`h `hİnİmİm

othem koėore,

EV(rns)> 4,:.En

EV(rns)> 4,:.60,0> 30,::@


EK ≯ En+ (%64.En)

EK ≯ 60,0 . 0,6 ≯ ;4@



E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• 0 L`ziİ Venotreh [ n Kìj`

Hgmtrgiiu Kgėruitufu2

• Ceiemkeėe jece, 0 l`ziİ joreienet`n kìj` kgėruit`ceinoh vohgmtrgi okoceinoh eêem, senotreh@F h`ym`ėİm gikuėu voy`hgi`yiİhi` oiko okeioceiofoėeoriorko, s`kofo 3 `kot ù

@ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.;:―ko 0 l`ziİsenotreh t`n kìj` hgmtrgiiu

kgėruitufu kovro c`ėi`mtİsİjürùinohtoker. Jürùikùėù jeceh`ym`h joreiene êgėuii`mn`ht`vo trestürioro uyjui`mn`ht`kİr.

Vymf `màt`rİ huii`m`r`h kgėruitn`y`pn`h nùnhùmkùr.

• Cu s`yoko kà` z jùêa h ii i h a

ĴėmoTìs

Ùrotofe

ΰ+

-

E E[



`màt`rİ huii`mİi`r`h màt`rh`yİpi`rİ `zìtİin`ht`kİr. L`h`tsenotreh @F gin`kİėİkuruni`rk` `yrİf` cer huruiuŗ

nìeyote grt`y` êİhn`ht`kİr.


Es E[

EG+

\g-

+ E[ -\s

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• ŝohei-;.;:―ko jürùiom 0 l`ziİ

senotreh t`n kìj` hgmtrgiiu

kgėruitufu eio `ymİ eŗe y`p`m cerkeėor kovro ko hüprù c`ėiİhgmtrgiiu kgėruitufu kovroseker.

• 0 l`ziİ hgmtrgiiu hüprùkgėruitufu kovrose, y`rİnhgmtrgiiu vo t`n hgmtrgiiu

0 L`ziİ U rİn Hgmtrgiiu HüprùKgėruitufu (rozestel yùhto)2

ŝohei-;.;1―ko 0 l`ziİ t`n kìj`y`rİn hgmtrgiiu hüprùkgėruitufu kovro c`ėi`mtİsİjürùinohtoker. Kovromem rozestel(S) yùhto êìİŗn` kìj`ŗoheiiore ŝohei-;.;5―k`

gin`h ùzoro ehe ŗoheikoy`pİi`ceinohtoker.

• Ümfoiehio y`rİn hgmtrgiiu hüprùk ė it k e k a

voreineŗter.

ĴėmoTìs

Ùrotofe

ΰ

Vymf

+

-



kgėruitufu kovrose, kà` sgmr`k` t`n hgmtrgiiu hüprùkgėruitufu kovrose aon rozestelaon ko omkùhtel yùhto

`yrİmtİsİyi` `mìez okeiofohter.


\s [0

K0

SI

Ekf

Es

+\kf

-K3

[3-

\[

+

E[

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS ŝohei-;.;5―k`m jürùikùėù jece,

jùê kovroioremem mìezemko

huii`mİi`m < `kot p`r`notromemkìj` ŗoheiiore jüstoreineŗter.

Cumi`r8



\V υt

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ\n

\n

\kf υt

\n

ΰ

m` `r yg jor n K ,



<) @ at h (E )―ke

[

EV υt

En




<) @màt`r hİnİ (EK-[)―ker.Cur`k` h`ym`h, yùh vo `màt`r`hİni`rİ kovro c`ėi`mtİsİmokomeyio l`rhiİ gikuėu eêem `yrİ

ŗoheiiorio jüstoreineŗter.E[ υt

En

Ekf υt

En

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• ŝohei-;.;5―k`m jürùikùėù jece,

êİhİŗ (yùh) keromfe ùzoremko

h`ym`ht`m joiom pgzetelìtorm`msi`r ’ΰ„ êİsİmk`metec`rom, moj`tel itorm`msi`reso pgzetelo h`ti`mnİŗ ŗoheikoyemo ’ΰ„ `êİsİmk`m etec`rom

jürùinohtoker.

ŝohei-;.;5―k` jürùiom tonoikìj` ŗoheiioremkom


0) Êİhİŗ joreiene grtì`n` koėore,

3 İhİ `hİnİmİm grtì`n` ko ore• Cumum mokome , pgzetel

ìtorm`msi`rk` [0-K0, moj`telìtorm`msi`rk` eso [3-K3

oion`mi`rİmİm cercerioremo sore


;) H`ym`ht`m êoheiom `hİnİm othemkoėore,

?) H`ym`ht`m êoheiom othem jùê



oion`mi`rİmİm cercerioremo soregi`r`h eioteno joênoiore vopgzetel ìtorm`si`rk` [0―em,moj`tel itorm`msi`rk` eso

[3―mem ’ΰ„k` uy`rİin`sİkİr.


?) H`ym`ht`m êoheiom othem jùê, <) @màt`r (keygt-trestür) joreieniore,

:) @màt`r (keygt-trestür) hİni`rİ,



• 0 l`ziİ y`rİn hgmtrgiiu hüprù

kgėruitufumum rozestel yùhtoêìİŗtİrİin`sİ kurunumk`, yùhùzoremko ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.?4―ko voreiom kìj` ŗohiememjürùiofoėeme coiertneŗteh.

•

∨>

[

gkf kt t v

[ \

4

).(0

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ 4

)().sem(.0

t k t \ \ nkf

∨>

τ

ΰ

υ υ

τ

)().sem( t k t \

\ n

kf


τ

ΰ υ

τ

)^fgs(X t \

\ n

kf ∓>

))^fgs()(fgs(X ΰττ

∓∓>

n

kf

\

\τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

\



N.Mofkot UEIKERJÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE ?1

))^fgs()(fgs(X ΰ τ τ \

)^(fgs)0(X ΰ

τ

+∓∓> n

kf

\ \

)fgs0( ΰ τ

+>

n

kf

\

\

\kfυt

\n

[

ΰ

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• Êİhİŗ `hİnİ grtì`n` koėore8


kgėruitufumum rozestel yùhtoêìİŗtİrİin`sİ kurunumk`, yùhùzoremkom ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.?0―ko jürùiom hİnİmjoêofoėeme coiertneŗteh.

•

∨>

[

gkf kt t v

[ E

4

).(0

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ 4

)().sem(.0

t k t E E nkf

∨>

τ

ΰ

υ υ

τ

)().sem( t k t E

E n

kf


τ

ΰ υ

τ

)^fgs(X t E

E n

kf ∓>

))^fgs()(fgs(X ΰ τ

τ

∓∓> n

kf

E E τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

E




))^fgs()(fgs(Xτ

)^(fgs)0(X ΰ

τ

+∓∓> n

kf

E E

S

\ E E

kfn

kf >+>

)fgs0( ΰ

τ

Ekfυt

En

[

ΰ




Tkf> Ekf\kf


∨>

[

srnsV kt t e[

E

4

3

)( .)^(X

0

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ

3

4

3

)( )(.)^sem(.X

3

0t k t E E

nrnsV

∨>

τ

ΰ

υ υ

τ

)().(sem

3

.3 33

)( t k t

E E

n

rnsV

• H`ym`h hİnİmİm kìj` ŗohieŝohei-;.?3―kohe jeceker.

τ

ΰ

τ

^;

)3sem(

3X)(

t t E E

n

rnsV ∓>

)^;

3sem

3()

;

)3sem(

3X(

3

)(

ΰ ΰ τ τ

τ

∓∓∓> n

rnsV

E E

τ 3τ 6τ ;τE




;3;3

);

3sem

33(

3

)(

ΰ ΰ τ

τ

+∓> n

rnsV

E E

)3

3sem

0(3)(τ

ΰ

τ

ΰ +∓>

n

rnsV

E E

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

EVυt

En

[

ΰ

τ+ΰ

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• H`ym`ht`m êoheiom othem jùê8




keygt vo trestürior t`r`lİmk`mcigho okeiom joreienker. U`m

t`r`lt` ŝohei-;.?6―ko jürùikùėùjece, h`ym`ėİm moj`tel vopgzetel itorm`msi`rİmk``màt`ri`r yìİtİnk`hì`ceinohto vo h`ym`h

joreieneme cigho otnohtoker.• m` `r yg - r s r jor n 8

• Keygt vo trestüriorem joreiene, Cu kurunk` kovroko

huii`mİi`f`h gi`m màt`ri`rİmêìİŗn` joreieniore `ŗ`ėİk`he

oŗetiehtom aos`pi`m`ceierτ 3τ 6τ ;τ

\n




oŗetiehtom aos`pi`m`ceier.

\K≯ \n+(%64.\n)\K-[

υt

-\n

[

\

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• @màt`r (keygt-trestür) hİnİ8

• Keygt vo trestüriorem `hİnİ,

ŝohei-;.?;―ko jürùikùėù jece oml`zi` y`rİn kìj` cer `hİnkİr.


êìİŗn` `hİnİ,



`hİnİ ŝohei-;.??―kohe jeceker.Cu kurunk` h`ym`ht`m aor eheìtorm`mst` k` vo h`ym`hi`l`rhiİ l`zk` `hİn êoheinohtokerCu kurunk` fgsό> fgs(ΰ /3)―ker

K n . n


τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

En

τ τ τ τ

\Vυt

\n

ό >



N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE<3

EK-[ υt

[

ΰ ΰ EVυt

En

ΰ

τ+ΰ

όΰ /3

EV0

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• ŝohei-;.??―kom jürùikùėù jece

h`ym`h joreiene eio h`ym`ht`m

êoheiom `hİnİm `rì`rİmk`he l`zl`rhİmİ cui`ceinoh eêem h`ym`h`hİnİmİm tonoi ceioŗome (EV0)êezeineŗter.

• [onoi ceioŗom êezeierhom h`ym`h`hİnİ h`ro kì ` ece h`cui

0 L`ziİ U`rİn Hgmtrgiiu HüprùKgėruitufu (omkùhtel yùhto)2

ŝohei-;.?<―k` 0 l`ziİ t`n kìj`y`rİn hgmtrgiiu hüprù kgėruitufukovro c`ėi`mtİsİ jürùinohtoker.Kovromem omkùhtel (I+S) yùhtoêìİŗn`sİmİ jüstorom kìj` ŗoheiioreŝohei-;.?:―ko voreineŗter.

okeineŗ vo cumum semùsoŗkoėoremem m`sİi gi`ceiofoėekùŗùmùinùŗtùr.

• U`m t`r`lt` eso 0 l`ziİ y`rİn EkfE[

ĴėmoTìs

Ùrotofe

ΰ

ymf

+

-



U`m t`r`lt` eso 0 l`ziİ y`rİnhgmtrgiiu hüprù kgėruitufukovrosemem omkùhtel (I+S)yùhtohe k`vr`mİŗİ `yrİmtİsİyi`

emfoiomnoyo c`ŗi`mnİŗtİr.


\s [0

K0

RIEs

+\kf

-

K3

[3-

\[

+Kn

EKn

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS ŝohei-;.?:―kom jürùikùėù jece,

jùê kovroioremem mìezemkohuii`mİi`m < `kot p`r`notromemkìj` ŗoheiiore jüstoreineŗter.Cumi`r8



\V υt

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ\n

\n

\kf υt

\n

\ υt

ΰ

m` `r yg jor n K ,



<) @màt`r `hİnİ (EK-[)―ker.E

EV υt

En




<) @màt`r hİnİ (E ) ker.Cur`k` h`ym`h, yùh vo `màt`r`hİni`rİ kovro c`ėi`mtİsİmokomeyio l`rhiİ gikuėu eêem `yrİ

ŗoheiiorio jüstoreineŗter.EK-[ υt

En

Ekf υt

En

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• ŝohei-;.?:―kom jürùikùėù jece,

êİhİŗ (yùh) keromfe ùzoremkoh`ym`ht`m joiom pgzetelìtorm`msi`r ’ΰ„ êİsİmk`metec`rom, moj`tel itorm`msi`reso pgzetelo h`ti`mnİŗ ŗoheikoyemo ’ΰ„ `êİsİmk`m etec`rom

jürùinohtoker.

ŝohei-;.?:―ko jürùiom tonoikìj` ŗoheiioremkom


0) Êİhİŗ joreiene grtì`n` koėore,

3 İhİ `hİnİmİm grtì`n` ko ore• Kovro êİhİŗİm` c`ėiİ yùh êgh

omkùhtel h`cui okeikeėemkokovromem êİhİŗ `hİnİ k` topo

koėorko kùz gi`r`h h`cuikei e e ei e te



?) H`ym`ht`m êoheiom othem jùê,



koėorko kùz gi`r`h h`cuiokeineŗ vo êezeineŗter.

• Hüprùkohe oion`mi`rİmyìİtİnk` gikuėu kuruni`rk`

`hİn ’Kn„ ùzoremkom kgi`ŗİr.


) y ê j ê, <) @màt`r (keygt-trestür) joreieniore,

:) @màt`r (keygt-trestür) hİni`rİ,



• 0 l`ziİ y`rİn hgmtrgiiu hüprù

kgėruitufumum omkùhtel yùhtoêìİŗtİrİin`sİ kurunumk`, yùhùzoremko ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.?1―ko voreiom kìj` ŗohiememjürùiofoėeme coiertneŗteh.

•

Êİhİŗ joreienem grtì`n` koėore8

0 l`ziİ y`rİn hgmtrgiiu hüprù

kgėruitufumum omkùhtel yùhtoêìİŗtİrİin`sİ kurunumk`, yùhùzoremkom ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.?5―k` voreiom hİnİmjoêofoėeme coiertneŗteh.

oŗetieėe rozestel yùh oŗetieėe eio`ymİ gi`f`htİr.

Ekf> En> \n / S gi`f`htİr.

τ 3τ 6τ ;τEnτ 3

τ 6τ ;τ\n



N.Mofkot UEIKERJÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE <<

υtEG

[

ΰ

υt\kf

[

ΰ




• Tkf> Ekf\kf


Ümfokom êİhi`mkİėİ jeceh`ym`h `hİnİmİm othem porygku8

h> t0 / (t0+t3)oŗetieėe eio cuiumup, cur`k`m k``hİnİm othem koėore8

Es(rns)> En . −h

oŗetieėemkom cuium`ceinohtoker.• H`ym`h hİnİmİm kìj` ŗohie

ŝohei-;.<4―kohe jeceker.

τ 3τ 6τ ;τEn

H`ym`ht`m êoheiom othem jùê8

H`ym`ht`m êoheiom othem jùê

koėore, h`ym`h joreiene voh h hei h he




EVυt

n

t3 t0

ė , y jh`ym`ht`m êoheiom `hİnİm othemkoėorioremem ê`rpİnİkİr8

Cu kurunk`,

TV(rns)> EV(rns) . \V(rns) gi`f`htİr.

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• @màt`r (keygt-trestür) joreiene8

• Keygt vo trestüriorem joreiene

`ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.<0―kohe jecegikuėumk`m màt`r joreiene,

\K-[≯ \n+(%64.\n)

@màt`r (keygt-trestür) hİnİ8

Keygt vo trestüriorem `hİnİ

`ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.<3―kohe jecegikuėumk`m màt`r hİni`rİ,

EK-[≯ En+(%64.En) gi`f`htİr.

Hİs`f`sİ, kovroko huii`mİi`mgi`f`htİr.

τ 3τ 6τ ;τEn

yg vo r s r or `ymİ İn vojoreienko ginìİkİr.

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

\ υt\

n




EK-[ υt

[

ΰ ΰ

\K-[υt

-\n

[

ΰ ΰ

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS Jùê h`ts`yİsİ (fgsό)8


`hİnİ ŝohei-;.<6―kohe jeceker.Cu kurunk` h`ym`ht`m aor eheìtorm`mst` k` vo h`ym`hi`l`rhiİ l`zk` `hİn êoheinohtokerCu kurunk` fgsό> fgs(ΰ /3)―ker

Ürmoh2 334\-?4Az ŗocohoko 54˒―ko

uy`rİi`m t`n kìj` y`rİnhgmtrgiiu hüprù kgėruitufu,


kovro p`r`notroioreme, u om r ycosiokeėemko giuŗ`f`h tùnkovro p`r`notroioreme

aos`pi`yİmİz. Êüzùn2

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

\V

υt

\n

ό >ΰ/3



N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE<5

Êüzùn2 `) Sozestel yùhto êİhİŗ


\kf> (\n / τ).(0+fgsΰ)―k`m

EVυt

Enΰ /3

EV0


\kf> (600/6,0;).(0+fgs54)

\kf> 55,4;\ Êİhİŗ `hİnİ grtì`n` koėore,

Ekf> \kf / S

Ekf> 55,4; / 04> 5,5@



TV(rns)

> EV(rns)

.\V(rns)TV(rns)> 0?,;6.334> 6,65hZ

Sozestel yùhto màt`r (keygt-

trestür) joreiene, Tkf> Ekf.\kf

Tkf> 5,5 . 55,4;> 514,;5Z


En> \n / S > 600 / 04 > 60,0@

K n+ . n

\K ≯ 600 . 0,6 ≯ ;44\

Sozestel yùhto màt`r (keygt-trestür) `hİnİ




Es(rns)> 0?,;6@

trestür) hİnİ,

EK ≯ En+ (%64.En)

EK ≯ 60,0 . 0,6 ≯ ;4@

)3

3sem(

0

3)(

ΰ ΰ τ

τ

+∓> n

rnsV

E E

)3

)54.3sem(

3

0;,60;,6(

0;,6

0

3

0,60)( +∓>

rnsV E

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOSc) Êgh omkùhtel yùhto êİhİŗ joreienemem grtì`n` koėore,

\kf

> (\n / τ).(0+fgsΰ)―k`m

\kf> (600/6,0;).(0+fgs54)

\kf> 55,4;\

Êgh omkùhtel yùhto êİhİŗ

`hİnİmİm grtì`n` koėore,

Êgh omkùhtel yùhto h`ym`ht`mêoheiom othem jùê,

TV(rns)

> EV(rns)

.\V(rns)TV(rns)> 30,::.334> ;,:1hZ

Êgh omkùhtel yùhto màt`r

(keygt-trestür) joreiene, kf> n> n > > ,

Omkùhtel yùhto grt. êİhİŗ jùfù,

Tkf> Ekf.\kf

Tkf> 60,0.55,4;> 6,41hZÊ h kùhtel ùht h h

K n+ . n

\K ≯ 600. 0,6 ≯ ;44\

Êgh omkùhtel yùhto màt`r(keygt trestür) `hİnİ




Êgh omkùhtel yùhto h`ym`h`hİnİmİm othem koėore,

EV(rns)> En . −h > 60,0 . −(?/04)

EV(rns)> 30,::@

(keygt-trestür) hİnİ,

EK ≯ En+ (%64.En)

EK ≯ 60,0 . 0,6 ≯ ;4@

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• U`rİn hgmtrgiiu kgėruitufui`rk`,

omkùhtel yùhto êìİŗtİrİiİrhom,hüprùkohe oion`mi`rİm hgrumn`sİ

eêem, yùho tors p`rìoi gi`r`h cersorcost joêeŗ keygku c`ėi`n`zgrumiuiuėu v`rkİr. Cu kurunk`kgėruiitufu ŝohei-;.<;―kohe jeces`kofo 0.cüijoko êìİŗ`f`h vo

h`ym`ht`m yùho kgėru omorbe

0 L`ziİ [ n Hgmtrgiiu HüprùKgėruitufu (omkùhtel yùhto)2

ŝohei-;.<?―ko 0 l`ziİ t`n kìj` t`n

hgmtrgiiu hüprù kgėruitufu kovroc`ėi`mtİsİ jürùinohtoker. Kovromemrozestel yùhto êìİŗn`sİmİ jüstoromkìj` ŗoheiiore ŝohei-;.<<―k` kİr.

Vymf[6 vo [; eêem `ymİ

tr`msloremo ezem vorofohter. Oėorkgėruitufumum êelt yümiù omorbetr`msloremo ezem vornose estomeygrs`’[ n Hgmtrgiiu„ huii`mİinìİkİr.

\\+

\

moTìs

Ùrotofe

ΰ-

+

r`ms grn` r ` `m İsİ

Es

Eg MG[ 2 [`nh t ii




EG

\G

[`n

Hgmtrgiiu

EG

\G

U`rİn

Hgmtrgiiu

[0 [6

[; [3

\V- +

\V-

R

hgmtrgiiukgėruitufus`kofo’Omkùhtel„

yùhtohuii`mİiİr.

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS ŝohei-;.<<―k`m jürùikùėù jece,

yùhùm êgh omkùhtel gikuėu h`cuiokeierso, kovromem êİhİŗ joreiene

trestüriorem uy`rn` `êİsİ koėeŗteėeaìko aeê sİlİr` kùŗnonohto, y`pgzetelto y` k` moj`telto yorìn`ht`kİr.

_y`rn` `êİsİm` jüro koėeŗoms`kofo gzetel ` k` mo `teltohe

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

\Vυt

\nΰ

\kf

υt

\n

\n ì`mi`rkİr. Cu s`yoko totehiono`êİsİmİm 4-014 korofo `r`sİmk`hea`rohotemko êİhİŗ joreiene om

yùhsoh pgzetel koėorkom om kùŗùhmoj`tel koėoro h`k`r êelt yümiùk ėe te ei cei ht ke

EV

υt

En

E

\[0




koėeŗtereioceinohtoker.

Êİhİŗ `hİnİ eso t`n`nom toh yümiùvo kùz gin`ht`kİr. Cumu mokome

trestüriorem eioteno kov`n otnoseker.

Ekf υt

En

E[0 υt

En




• 0 l`ziİ t`n hgmtrgiiu hüprù

kgėruitufumum omkùhtel yùhtoêìİŗtİrİin`sİ kurunumk`, yùhùzoremko ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.<:―ko voreiom kìj` ŗohiememjürùiofoėeme coiertneŗteh.

•

∨>

[

gkf kt t v

[ \

4

).(0

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ 4

)().sem(.0

t k t \ \ nkf

∨

+

>

ΰ τ

υ υ

τ

)().sem( t k t \

\ n

kf

oŗetieėe y`m t`r`lt` gikuėu jececuium`ceiofohter.

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

\nΰ τ+ΰ ))^fgs()(fgs(X

ΰ ΰ τ

τ

∓+∓> n

kf

\ \

\

ΰ τ

ΰ υ

+

∓> )^fgs(X t \

\ n

kf



N.Mofkot UEIKERJÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE :?

[

\kf

υt )^(fgs)sem.semfgs.(fgsX ΰ ΰ τ ΰ τ

τ

+∓∓> n

kf

\ \

ΰ ΰ τ ΰ τ fgs..<6<,4fgs

3

)fgs3( n

nn

kf \

\ \

\ >>>

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• Êİhİŗ `hİnİmİm grtì`n` koėore8

Êİhİŗ `hİnİ kùz h`cui okeikeėemkom

Ekf

> En

> \n / R

• Grtì`n` êİhİŗ jùfù8

• Êİhİŗ `hİn vo joreienemem ê`rpİnİ,

• Tkf> Ekf\kf

Othem jereŗ jùfù8

Jereŗ `hİnİ vo joreienemem ê`rpİnİ,

TV(rns)

> EV(rns)

\V(rns)


H`ym`h `hİnİmİm kìj` ŗohie ŝohei-;.<5―k`he jeceker. Cur`k`m8

’fgs > fgsΰ„ gi`f`htİr.

• H`ym`h `hİnİmİm othem koėore8

• H`ym`h `hİnİmİm kìj` ŗohie ŝohei-;.<1―kohe jeceker vo ’EV(rns)> En„ker.

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

\Vυt

ΰ τ+ΰ

ό> ΰ




τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

EVυt

Enΰ τ+ΰ

EV

υt

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• @màt`r (trestür) joreiene8

• Kovrokohe trestüriorem joreiene`ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.:4―kohe jecegikuėumk`m màt`r joreiene,

\[≯ \n+(%64.\n)

@màt`r (trestür) hİnİ8

Kovrokohe trestüriorem `hİnİ

`ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.:0―kohe jecegikuėumk`m màt`r hİni`rİ,

E[≯ En+(%64.En) gi`f`htİr.

_y`rn` `êİsİmİm `rtn`sİ y`k`gi`f`htİr. `z` n`sİ r s r jor n vo

`hİnİmİ otheiononohtoker.

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

υt

\n

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

E υtEn



N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE ::

\[υt

-\n

[

ΰ ΰ

[

ΰ ΰ

E[0υt

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS 0 l`ziİ t`n hgmtrgiiu kgėruitufu

kovroiore, üzoiiehio kgėru `hİnngtgri`rİmİm toh yümiù hgmtrgiu eêem

huii`mİi`m jùê oiohtrgmeėekovroioreker.

Kovroko sorcost joêeŗ keygkuhuii`mİin`kİėİ eêem yùh ùzoremkoheomorbekom kgi`yİ kgi`ŗn`h estoyom`hİn kg ruk`m hü rùkohe

Ürmoh2

334\-?4Az ŗocohoko 54˒―kouy`rİi`m t`n kìj` t`nhgmtrgiiu hüprù kgėruitufukovrose 04ℬ―iuh omkùhtel cer

yùhù cosiokeėemko giuŗ`f`h trestürior vo h`ym`h ùzoremkomkgi`ŗn`ht` vo êelt yümiù omorbetr`mslore jorêohioŗnohtoker.

Cu üzoiieh s`yosemko kgėru `hİnngtgri`rİmk` omorbeye joreh`z`m`r`h y`pİi`m lromiono

aos`pi`yİmİz.

Êüzùn2 Omkùhtel yùhto êİhİŗ joreienemem



N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE:1

h`z`m`r`h y`pİi`m lromionoyümtone gi`m ’robomor`tel lromiono„y`p`ceino gi`m`ėİ k` grt`y`

êİhn`ht`kİr.

Omkùhtel yùhto êİhİŗ joreienememgrtì`n` koėore,

\kf> (3.\n / τ).fgsΰ―k`m


\kf> (3.600/6,0;).fgs54

\kf> 4\ Êİhİŗ `hİnİ grtì`n` koėore,

Ekf> En >\n / R

Ekf> 600 / 04> 60,0@

54 korofoieh uy`rn` `êİsİmk`

Omkùhtel yùhto h`ym`ht`mêoheiom othem jùê,


TV(rns)> 60,0.334> <,1;hZ

Omkùhtel yùhto màt r (trestür)

joreiene, êİhİŗ joreiene sİlİr gin`sİm`r`ėnom `hİn kov`n okor.


Tkf> Ekf.\kf

Tkf> 60,0 . 4> 4Z

K n+ . n

\K ≯ 600 . 0,6 ≯ ;44\

Omkùhtel yùhto màt r (trestür)`hİnİ,




kf ,


Es(rns)> En >\n / R> 60,0@

EK ≯ En+ (%64.En)

EK ≯ 60,0 . 0,6 ≯ ;4@

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• 0 L`ziİ êeltie t`n hgmtrgiiu hüprù8

• [ n hgmtrgiiu kgėruitufui`rhuii`mİi`r`h KF ngtgr hgmtrgiu

y`pİikİėİmk`, ngtgrum yümhgmtrgiu kİŗİmk`he hgmtrgii`rİjorêohioŗtereioceier.

• Oėor ngtgrk` rgtgr kovrosemko

yüm hgmtrgiu k` y`pİin`h’

Êeltie kgėruitufu kovrose `ŗ`ėİk`heŝohei-;.:3―ko jürùinohtoker.Jürùikùėù jece ehe t`n hgmtrgiiu

hüprùmùm êİhİŗi`rİ cerceremo torsp`rìoi gi`r`h yùho c`ėi`mnİŗtİr.

ŝohei-;.:3―kom jürùikùėù jece aorehe kgėruitufu eêem ko `yrİ `yrİuy`rn` kovrose huii`mİinİŗ l`h`t

aor ehesemem ko hgmtrgiu tohhüprù kgėruitufu„ huii`mİinìİkİr.

mght`k`m y`pİinİŗtİr.

[0

[3

[6

T-Kgėr.

[? [:

M-Kgėr.

[0 [6

\s

Ngtgr

ĴėmoTìsÙrotf.0

ΰ+

-

ĴėmoTìsÙrotf.0

Vymf

+

-

J0

H0J3H3

J6

[?[<[:[1

ΰ0 ΰ3I0 I3




[6

[;[; [3

[1 [<

[0 [6 Ngtgr

UümHgmtrgi

Ĵzem-0 Ĵzem-3

J6H6

J;H; voy`

[1

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS Cer l`ziİ t`n hgmtrgiiu êeltie

kgėruitufu, ehe l`rhiİ yümtonioêìİŗtİrİi`ceinohtoker.

Cu yümtoniorkom ceremfesemko,hgmtrgi kovroioremem ezem jereŗiore ceryüm hgmtrgi kovrose y`rkİnİyi` 0voy` 4 y`pİi`r`h estomeiomkgėruitufu êìİŗtİrİin`ht`,

kgi`yİsİyi` k` estomom yümo kümùŗ

Cu kurunk` 0. kgėruitufumum (T),<4˒ eio uy`rİin`sİ joroherso 3.kgėruitufu (M) 034˒ `êİ eio

uy`rİi`f`htİr. Cüyioiehio kgėruitufui`rk`m

ceremfese `htel cüijoko êìİŗİph`ym`ht` yùho jùê `ht`rİrhom,ehemfe kgėruitufu eso p`sel cüijoko

êìİŗİp yùhtom h`ym`ė` kgėru jùês`ėi`m`ceinohtoker.

Ĵhemfe yümtonko eso aor ehe hgmtrgikovrose, kgi`yİsİyi` k` aor ehekgėruitufu `ymİ `mk`êìİŗtİrİin`ht` l`h`t uy`rn` `êİi`rİ`r`sİmk` `ŗ`ėİk`he oŗetieh kèn`

`ht`r`f`htİr.

Cu kurunk` ŝohei-;.:6―kojürùikùėù jece ; cüijoie êìİŗn`s`ėi`m`f`htİr.

\G \G




` `s k` `ŗ`ė k` oŗ t k` `hgrumn`ht`kİr.

Hgmtrgi oŗetieėe8

ΰ0 + ΰ3 > 014˒ ‑ker.

EG

[`n

Hgmtrgiiu

EG

Êeltie

Kgėruitufu

ÜKO\-1

1.0) 334\-?4Az ŗocohoko, 034² uy`rn` `êİsİmk`, 5ℬ―iuh s`l rozestel ceryùhù cosioyom 0 l`ziİ t`n kìj` y`rİn hgmtrgiiu kgėruitufumum,`) Kovro ŗon`sİmİ t`n gi`r`h êezemez, `hİn vo joreien yümioreme kovroùzoremko jüstoremez.


.

1.3) 334\-?4Az ŗocohoko, <4² uy`rn` `êİsİmk`, 3ℬ―iuh êgh omkùhtel cer

yùhù cosioyom 0 l`ziİ t`n kìj` t`n hgmtrgiiu kgėruitufumum,`) Kovro ŗon`sİmİ t`n gi`r`h êezemez, `hİn vo joreien yümioreme kovroùzoremko jüstoremez



ùzoremko jüstoremez.




E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS 6 L@RIE KGĝS_I[_F_I@S2

6 l`ziİ kgėruitufui`r aon kà`yùhsoh jùê oiko otnoh eêemaon ko kà` kùzjùm KFjoreien s`ėi`n`h eêem huii`mİi`mjùê oiohtrgmeėe kovroioreker.

0 l`ziİ kgėruitufu kovroiorio

`hi` İh 0?hZ ù ioro h`k`r

6 l`ziİ y`rİn kìj` hgmtrgisuzkgėruitufu (rozestel yùhto)8

6 l`ziİ y`rİn kìj` hgmtrgisuz

kgėruitufu c`ėi`mtİsİ rozestel yùhtoêìİŗn` eêem ŝohei-;.:;―kojüstoreineŗter. ŝoheikom jürùikùėùjece aor l`zİm pgzetel ìtorm`msİ cerkeygt t`r`lİmk`m eioteinohtoker.

ohei-;.:?―ko eso kovro o èt tonoi êİhİin`ht` kà` yùhsoh jùêioreêem eso 6 l`z huii`mİnİjorohnohtoker.

6 l`ziİ kgėruitufui`r k` 0l`ziİi`r jece ümfo hgmtrgisuzk a k h ii i h

kìj` ŗoheiiore jürùinohtoker.

6 l`ziİyİikİzc`ėiİ `f

S(@)

V(C)

K0

K3+

\g

Eg

E@

S




kà` sgmr` k` hgmtrgiiu gi`r`hemfoiomofoh vo `mìeze

y`pİi`f`htİr.

h`ym`h [(F) K6\g-

+ \K -

S

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS U`m t`r`lt`he kìj` tonoi

ŗoheiioremkom jürùioceiofoėejece, y`rİn kìj` kgėruitn`

y`pİin`sİm` vo leitroionohuii`mİin`n`sİm` r`ėnom aor6 l`z joreiene `r`sİmk`he 034²‑ieh l`z h`ynì`rİmk`m kgi`yİ

êİhİŗ joreiene gikuhê` kùzjùm

4 τ 3τ

\(`m) \(cm) \(fm)\n

\l

\n

\kf

.

Kovromem l`z joreienioremekgėruittuėu jürùinohtoker.L`h`t keygti`r ùzoremo joiomtors joreienem a`t joreienegikuėu jürùinohtoker.

−6.\n

En

Ekf

En




ė j

H`ym`hi`rk`m êoheiom `hİn esoh`ro kìj` lgrn`tİmk` giup

034² l`z l`rhiİkİr.

EK

En

E@

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS Êİhİŗ joreienemem grtì`n`

koėore (\kf)8


kgėruitufumum rozestel yùhtoheêİhİŗ joreien kìj` ŗohie`ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.:<―k`jürùikùėù jece gikuėumu

coiertneŗteh. Cu kurunk`

∨>

[

gkf kt t v

[ \

4

).(0

∨>

< / ?

< /

)(.sem6 / 3

0 τ

τ

υ υ

τ

t k t \ \ nkf

∨>

< / ?

< /

)(.sem3

6 τ

τ

υ υ

τ

t k t \ \ nkf

joreienem grtì`n` koėore y`mt`r`lt`he jece cuium`ceiofohter.

< / ?

< / )fgs(3

. τ

τ υ

τ

t \ n

kf ∓>

))^< / fgs()< / ?(fgs(X

3

.6τ τ

τ

∓∓> n

kf

\ \

:63,0..6

)^1<<,41<<,4(X.6

nn

kf

\ \ \ >∓∓∓>

4 τ 3τ\n

\kf




,3

)^,,(X3 τ τ

kf\

n

n

kf \

\

\ .13:,43

.66

>> τ 64² 0?4²

[

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS Êİhİŗ `hİnİmİm grtì`n` koėore

(Ekf)8


kgėruitufumum rozestel yùhtoheêİhİŗ `hİnİ kìj` ŗohie`ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.::―kojürùikùėù jece gikuėumu


∨>

[

gkf kt t e

[ E

4

).(0

∨>

< / ?

< /

)(.sem6 / 3

0

τ

τ

υ υ

τ

t k t E E nkf

∨>

< / ?

< /

)(.sem3

6 τ

τ

υ υ

τ

t k t E E nkf

`hİnİm grtì`n` koėore y`mt`r`lt`he jece cuium`ceiofohter.

< / ?

< / )fgs(3

. τ

τ υ

τ

t E n

kf ∓>

))^< / fgs()< / ?(fgs(X

3

.6τ τ

τ

∓∓> n

kf

E E

:63,0.3

.6)^1<<,41<<,4(X

3

.6

ττ

nn

kf

E E E >∓∓∓>

4 τ 3τEn

Ekf




33 τ τ

S

\ E

E E

kf

n

n

kf

>>> .13:,43

.66

τ 64² 0?4²

[

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS Grtì`n` êİhİŗ jùfù (Tkf)8

Tkf> Ekf . \kf ‑kom cuium`ceier.

H`ym`h `hİnİmİm othem koėore(E@(rns))8

H`ym`ėİm cer l`zİmk`m êoheiom`hİn ŝohei-;.:1―ko jürùinohto

ŝohei-;.:1―ko voreiom ŗohiojüro h`ym`h `hİnİmİ ’En„ topokoėorie h`ro kìj` lgrn`tİmk`

cer `hİn gi`r`h h`cui okorsohcu `hİnİm y`hi`ŗİh othem koėore

E@(rns)> En . −hoŗetieėemkom cuium`ceiofohter.

y`mk`he jece cuium`ceiofohter.

,h> t0 / (t0+t3)‑kom cuium`f`htİr.

?) H`ym`ht`m êoheiom tgpi`nothem jùê (TV(rns))8

T@(rns)> E@(rns) \l(rns)

4 τ 3τ

En

E@




T@(rns)> E@(rns) . \l(rns)

Ùê l`zk`m êoheiom tgpi`n jùê8

TV(rns)> 6 . T@(rns)64² 0?4² 654²

t0 t3

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS Kovromem jùê h`ts`yİsİ (fgsό)8

H`ym`ėİm cer l`zİmk`m êoheiom`hİn vo eijeie l`z joreiene ŝohei-

;.:5―k` jürùinohtoker.

ŝohei-;.:5―k` voreiom ŗohiojüro h`ym`h `hİnİ, h`ym`ėİms`kofo pgzetel ìtorm`msi`rİmk`

êoheikeėe eêem komjosez vo jùêh`ts`yİsİ k` coiersezker.

@màt`r (keygt) `hİnİ (EK)8

4 τ 3τ

\n ŗohie ŝohei-;.14―kohe jeceker. Cuŗohio jüro `màt`r `hİnİ8

EK> En + (%64.En)> 0,6 . \n /S

En

\l

4 τ 3τ




E@En

EK

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS @màt`r (keygt) joreiene (\K)8

@màt`r joreiene `ŗ`ėİk`heŝohei-;.10―ko jürùinohtoker.

Jürùikùėù jece `màt`r ùzoremokgėruk`m h`ym`ėİm a`t joreienejoinohtoker. Cu kurunk``màt`r joreiene, a`t joreiene

topo koėoremem (−6.\n) om `z

6 l`ziİ y`rİn kìj` hgmtrgisuzkgėruitufu (omkùhtel yùhto)8


kgėruitufu c`ėi`mtİsİ omkùhtel yùheêem `ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.13―kojüstoreineŗter. ŝoheikom jürùikùėùjece yùho tors p`rìoi cer sorcostjoêeŗ keygku c`ėi`mn`nİŗtİr.

ohei-;.16―ko eso kovro o èt tonoi%64 kà` l`zi`sİ ginìİkİr.

\K> −6 . \n + %64

\K> −6 . \n . 0,6 giur.

4 τ 3τ

\K

kìj` ŗoheiiore jürùinohtoker.

6 l`ziİyİikİzc`ėiİ `fh`ym`h

S(@)

V(C)

[(F)

K0

K3

K6

+\g

EgE@

R

EK




\K

−6.\n

h`ym`h [(F) K6 -+ \K -


ŗoheiioremkom jürùioceiofoėejece, y`rİn kìj` kgėruitn`

y`pİin`sİm` vo leitroionohuii`mİin`n`sİm` r`ėnom aor6 l`z joreiene `r`sİmk`he 034²‑ieh l`z h`ynì`rİmk`m kgi`yİêİhİŗ joreiene gikuhê` kùzjùm

4 τ 3τ

\(`m) \(cm) \(fm)\n

\l

\n

\kf

.

Kovromem l`z joreienioremekgėruittuėu jürùinohtoker.L`h`t keygti`r ùzoremo joiomtors joreienem a`t joreienegikuėu jürùinohtoker.

−6.\n

En

Ekf

En

E




H`ym`hi`rk`m êoheiom `hİn esoh`ro kìj` lgrn`tİmk` giup

034² l`z l`rhiİkİr.

EK

En

E@


koėore (\kf)8


kgėruitufumum omkùhtel yùhtoheêİhİŗ joreien kìj` ŗohie`ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.1;―kojürùikùėù jece gikuėumu


∨>

[

gkf kt t v

[ \

4

).(0

∨>

< / ?

< /

)(.sem6 / 3

0

τ

τ

υ υ

τ t k t \ \ nkf

∨>

< / ?

< /

)(.sem3

6 τ

τ

υ υ

τ

t k t \ \ nkf


< / ?

< / )fgs(3

. τ

τ

τ

t \ n

kf ∓>

))^< / fgs()< / ?(fgs(X3

.6τ τ

τ

∓∓> n

kf

\ \

:63,0.3

.6)^1<<,41<<,4(X

3

.6

τ τ

nn

kf

\ \ \ >∓∓∓>

4 τ 3τ\n

\kf

[




n

n

kf \

\ \ .13:,4

3

.66>>

τ 64² 0?4²

[


(Ekf)8


kgėruitufumum omkùhtel yùhtoheêİhİŗ `hİnİ kìj` ŗohie`ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.1?―kojürùikùėù jece gikuėumu


Cur`k` yùh êgh omkùhtel h`cuiokeioroh êİhİŗ `hİnİ k`t`n`nom kùz h`cui okeineŗter.

Cu `hİn aor 034 korofokokovroyo jerom l`zi`r` ètkeygti`r ùzoremkoms`ėi`mn`ht` giup sorcost

joêeŗ keygkum` eatey`ê`hİnİm grtì`n` koėore y`mt`r`lt`he jece cuium`ceiofohter.

4 τ 3τ

En

Ekf

hìn`n`ht`kİr.

Cu mokomio sorcost joêeŗ keygku huii`mİin`nİŗtİr.

Cu kurunk` `hİnİm grtì`n`koėore, othem koėore, `me koėoretopo koėoro oŗet gi`f`htİr.




64² 0?4²

topo koėoro oŗet gi`f`htİr.

Ekf> En > \n / R gi`f`htİr.




H`ym`ėİm cer l`zİmk`m êoheiom`hİn ŝohei-;.1?―ko jürùinohto

ŝohei-;.1?―ko voreiom ŗohiojüro h`ym`h `hİnİmİ ’En„ topokoėorie h`ro kìj` lgrn`tİmk`

cer `hİn gikuėu jürùinohtoker.Cum` jüro `hİnİm othem koėore,

E@(rns)> En . −hoŗetieėemkom cuium`ceiofohter.

y`mk`he jece cuium`ceiofohter.

,h> t0 / (t0+t3)‑kom cuium`f`htİr.



4 τ 3τ

En

E@

t0 t3





TV(rns)> 6 . T@(rns)64² 0?4² 654²

t0 t3

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS Kovromem jùê h`ts`yİsİ (fgsό)8

H`ym`ėİm cer l`zİmk`m êoheiom`hİn vo eijeie l`z joreiene ŝohei-

;.1<―k` jürùinohtoker.

ŝohei-;.1<―k` voreiom ŗohiojüro h`ym`h `hİnİ, h`ym`ėİms`kofo pgzetel ìtorm`msi`rİmk`



4 τ 3τ

\n

ŗohie ŝohei-;.1:―kohe jeceker. Cuŗohio jüro `màt`r `hİnİ8

EK> En + (%64.En)> 0,6 . \n /S

4 τ 3τ

\l

En

En




E@En

E@





Ürmoh2 334\/614\-?4Az ŗocohoko

êìİŗtİrİi`m 6 l`ziİ y`rİn kìj`hgmtrgisuz kgėruitufu,

`) 04ℬ―iuh rozestel cer yùhùcosiokeėemko giuŗ`f`h tùnkovro p`r`notroioreme,

―%64 kà` l`zi`sİ ginìİkİr.

\K> −6 . \n + %64

\K> −6 . \n . 0,6 giur.

cosiokeėemko giuŗ`f`h tùnkovro p`r`notroioremeaos`pi`yİmİz.


4 τ 3τ

\K





\kf> 4,13:.\n ―kom

−6.\n


\kf> 4,13: . 600

\kf> 3?:,05\

Êİhİŗ `hİnİ grtì`n` koėore,

Ekf> \kf / S> 3?:,05 / 04

Ekf> 3?,:3@



TV(rns)> 6 . EV(rns).\V(rns)

TV(rns)> 6.0:,5;.334> 00,1;hZ

Sozestel yùhto màt`r (keygt)joreiene,

Tkf> Ekf.\kf

Tkf> 3?,:3 . 3?:,05> <,<0hZ


E@(rns)> En .−hE@(rns)> \n /S .−Xt0/(t0+t3)^

E −

K . n+

\K ≯ −6.600 . 0,6 ≯ :44\


EK ≯ En+ %64




E@(rns)> 600/04 .−(<,<<ns / 34ns)

E@(rns)> 0:,5;@

K n

EK ≯ 60,0 . 0,6 ≯ ;4@



E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS ŝohei-;.15―k` jürùiom

kovrokohe trestüriore hgmtrgiotnoh eêem eso `ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-

335―k` jürùikùėù jece 6 l`ziİcer uy`rn` kovrosemo eatey`êkuyuin`ht`kİr.

ŝohei-;.54―k` eso kovromem

êìİŗn`sİmİ jüstorom kìj`

6 l`ziİ y`rİn kìj` hgmtrgiiukgėruitufu (rozestel yùhto)8

6 l`ziİ y`rİn kìj` hgmtrgiiu

kgėruitufu kovro c`ėi`mtİsİ s`lrozestel yùhto êìİŗn` eêem`ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.15―k`jüstoreineŗter. ŝoheikom jürùikùėùjece aor l`zİm pgzetel ìtorm`msİ `yrİ

cer trestür t`r`lİmk`m hgmtrgi ŗo or vor n ŗ r.okeinohtoker.

@ [0

C [3

F [6

+\G

-S

EG

\

ĴėmoTìs

Ùrotf.0

+

ĴėmoTìs

Ùrotf.3

+

Vymf-@

Vymf-C ΰ

[3 - J

[6 J




+ \[ - E[El

ĴėmoTìs

Ùrotf.6

+

Vymf-F

[6 - J

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS ŝohei-;.54―k`he tonoi kìj`

ŗoheiioremkom jürùikùėù jece,aor cer trestür homke l`zİmİm

pgzetel ìtorm`msİmk` eih 64˒―komsgmr` hgmtrgi okeinoyoc`ŗi`mn`ht` vo cu hgmtrgiìtorm`ms sgmum` h`k`r kov`nokoceinohtoker.

4 τ 3τ\(`m) \(cm) \(fm)\n

\l

ΰ ΰ ΰ

\[

\n

\kf

ovro `z jor n or mkgėruitn`ht` l`h`t kovrokohetrestürior ùzoremo êìİŗn`sİr`sİmk` k`rcoior aìemko a`t

joreiene joinohtoker. Uùh rozestel gikuėu eêem êİhİŗ

`hİnİmİm kìj` ŗohie êİhİŗ

−6.\n

En

E@

En

Ekf




`hİnİmİm kìj` ŗohie, êİhİŗ joreienemem ŗohieyio t`n`nom

`ymİkİr.E[


koėore (\kf)8


kgėruitufumum rozestel yùhtoheêİhİŗ joreien kìj` ŗohie`ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.50―kojürùikùėù jece gikuėumu


∨>

[

gkf kt t v

[

\

4

).(0

∨+

>

τ

ΰ τ

υ υ

τ < /

)().sem(.6 / 3

0t k t \ \

nkf

τ

ΰ ≯ 64˒ eêem

joreienem grtì`n` koėore y`mt`r`lt`he jece cuium`ceiofohter.4 τ 3τ

\n

\kfΰ

+

>

ΰ τ τ

< /

)().sem(3

.t k t \

n

kf

τ

ΰ τ υ

τ

+∓> < / )^fgs(X

3

.6t

\ \

n

kf

)^< / fgs(fgsX3

.6ΰ τ τ

τ

++∓> n

kf

\ \




[

64˒+ΰ)^64fgs(0X

3

.6ΰ

τ

++> gn

kf

\ \


(Ekf)8


kgėruitufumum rozestel yùhtoheêİhİŗ `hİnİmİm kìj` ŗohie`ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.53―kojürùikùėù jece gikuėumu


∨>

[

gkf kt t e

[

E

4

).(0

∨+

>

τ

ΰ τ

υ υ

τ < /

)().sem(.6 / 3

0t k t E E

nkf

τ

ΰ ≯ 64˒ eêem

`hİnİm grtì`n` koėore y`mt`r`lt`he jece cuium`ceiofohter. +

>

ΰ τ

υ

τ < /

)().sem(3

.t k t E

n

kf

τ

ΰ τ υ

τ

+∓> < /

)^fgs(X

3

.6t

E E

n

kf

)^< / fgs(fgsX3

.6ΰ τ τ

τ

++∓> n

kf

E E

4 τ 3τ

En

Ekfΰ




S

\ E E

kfn

kf >++>

)^64fgs(0X3

.6ΰ

τ

g

[

64˒+ΰ




H`ym`ėİm cer l`zİmk`m êoheiom`hİn ŝohei-;.56―k` jürùinohto

∨>

[

srns @ kt t e

[ E

4

3

)( .)^(X0

∨>

τ

υ υ τ

3

4

3

)( )(.)^sem(.X3

0t k t E E nrns @

∨+

>

τ

ΰ τ

υ υ

τ < /

33

)( )().(sem

3t k t

E E

n

rns @

τ

3

)3sem( t t E y`mk`he jece cuium`ceiofohter.

H`ym`ht`m êoheiom tgpi`n othemjùê (TV(rns))8


4 τ 3τ

[

En

E@

ΰ τ

τ +

∓> < / )(;33

rns @

)3

)36 / sem(

<

?

3)(

τ

ΰ τ

τ

ΰ ++∓>

n

rns @

E E





TV(rns)> 6 . T@(rns)64˒+ΰ

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS Kovromem jùê h`ts`yİsİ

(fgsό)8

H`ym`ėİm cer l`zİmk`m êoheiom

`hİn vo eijeie l`z joreiene ŝohei-;.5;―ko jürùinohtoker.

ŝohei-;.5;―ko voreiom ŗohiojüro h`ym`h `hİnİ, h`ym`ėİms`kofo pgzetel ìtorm`msi`rİmk`


@màt`r (trestür) `hİnİ (E[)8

4 τ 3τ

\n

ŗohie ŝohei-;.5?―kohe jeceker. Cuŗohio jüro `màt`r `hİnİ8

E[> En + (%64.En)> 0,6 . \n /S

\l

En

E@

4 τ 3τ

En




E@ E[

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS @màt`r (trest.) joreiene (\[)8

@màt`r joreiene `ŗ`ėİk`heŝohei-;.5<―k` jürùinohtoker.



6 l`ziİ y`rİn kìj` hgmtrgiiukgėruitufu (omkùhtel yùhto)8


kgėruitufu kovro c`ėi`mtİsİomkùhtel yùh eêem ŝohei-;.5:―kojüstoreineŗter. ŝoheikom jürùikùėùjece yùho tors p`rìoi cer sorcostjoêeŗ keygku c`ėi`mn`nİŗtİr.

- ―%64 kà` l`zi`sİ ginìİkİr.

\[> −6 . \n + %64

\[> −6 . \n . 0,6 giur.

.kìj` ŗoheiiore jürùinohtoker.

4 τ 3τ

\[

S [0

V [3

[ [6

+\G

-R

EG

_y`rn` kovrose rozestelyùhiù kovro eio `ymİ




−6.\n + \[ - E[El

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS ŝohei-;.51―kohe tonoi kìj`ŗoheiioremkom jürùikùėù jece, êghomkùhtel yùhto aor cer trestür yemohomke l`zİmİm pgzetel ìtorm`msİmk`

eih 64˒―kom sgmr` hgmtrgi okeinoyoc`ŗi`mn`ht` vo cu eioten keėortrestür uy`rİi`m` h`k`rsùrnohtoker.

ŝoheikom jürùikùėù jece, êİhİŗ

4 τ 3τ\(`m) \(cm) \(fm)

\n

\l

\n

\kf

ΰ ΰ ΰ

` İnİ `n`nom z ` uokeineŗter. Vorcost joêeŗ keygkum`joroh hìn`hsİzİm aor cer trestürkeėore uy`rİi`m` h`k`r eiotenko

hì`r`h cu kov`niİiİėİs`ėi`n`ht`kİr.

Kovro êİhİŗİm` sorcost joêeŗ keygku c`ėi`m`f`h giurs` êİhİŗ

\K

−6.\n

Ekf

En

En




keygku c`ėi`m`f`h giurs`, êİhİŗ joreienemem moj`telo joêeŗiore

hoseiofohter.

E@,[


koėore (\kf)8


kgėruitufumum omkùhtel yùhtoheêİhİŗ joreien kìj` ŗohie`ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.55―k`jürùikùėù jece gikuėumu


∨>

[

gkf kt t v

[ \

4

).(0

∨+

+

>

ΰ τ

ΰ τ

υ υ

τ

< / ?

< /

)().sem(.6 / 3

0 t k t \ \ nkf

∨+

+

>

ΰ τ

ΰ τ

υ υ

τ

< / ?

< /

)().sem(3

.6t k t

\ \

n

kf

joreienem grtì`n` koėore y`mt`r`lt`he jece cuium`ceiofohter.4 τ 3τ

[

ΰ

\n

\kf

ΰ τ

ΰ τ υ

τ

+

+∓>

< / ?

< / )^fgs(X3

.6t

\ \

n

kf

)^< / fgs()< / ?fgs(X3

.6ΰ τ ΰ τ

τ

+++∓> n

kf

\ \

..sem.0?4semfgs.0?4(fgsX3

.6ΰ ΰ

τ

gg

∓∓> n

kf

\ \




[

64˒+ΰ 0?4˒+ΰΰ

τ

ΰ

τ fgs3

.6.6

fgs.:6,03

.6nn

kf

\ \ \ >>


(Ekf)8


kgėruitufumum omkùhtel yùhtoheêİhİŗ `hİnİmİm kìj` ŗohie`ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.044―kojürùikùėù jece gikuėumu


Grtì`n` êİhİŗ jùfù (Tkf)8



H`ym`ėİm cer l`zİmk`m êoheiom`hİn ŝohei-;.040―ko

`hİnİm grtì`n` koėore,

Ekf> En> \n / R


4 τ 3τ

E

En

,othem porygk` jüro cuium`ceier.

4 τ 3τ

t0 t3

ΰE@

En




Ekf t0 t3

64˒+ΰ 0?4˒+ΰ

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOSŝohei-;.040―o jüro, h`ym`h`hİnİmİm othem porygku,

h> t0 / (t0+t3)

Cur`k`m `hİnİm othem koėore,E@(rns)> En . −h

el`kosemkom cuium`ceiofohter.

Kovromem jùê h`ts`yİsİ(fgsό)8


`hİn vo eijeie l`z joreiene ŝohei-;.043―ko jürùinohtoker.

4 τ 3τ

\n


Cer l`zk`m êoheiom jùê,

T@(rns)> E@(rns) . \l(rns)gikuėum` jüro cur`k`m,

ùê l`zk`m êoheiom tgpi`n jùê8T 6 T

\l

E@

En

ΰ




TV(rns)> 6 . T@(rns)

giur.

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS ŝohei-;.043―ko voreiom ŗohio

jüro h`ym`h `hİnİ, h`ym`ht`ms`kofo toh yümiù gi`r`h (pgzetel

yümko) êoheikeėe eêem komjosezvo jùê h`ts`yİsİ k` coiersezker.

1) @màt`r (trestür) hİnİ (E[)8

5) @màt`r (trest.) joreiene (\[)8

@màt`r joreiene `ŗ`ėİk`heŝohei-;.04;―ko jürùinohtoker.


topo koėoremem (−6.\n) om `z ŗohie ŝohei-;.046―kohe jeceker.Cu ŗohio jüro `màt`r `hİnİ8

E[> En + (%64.En)> 0,6 . \n /S

4 τ 3τ

E[

En

%64 kà` l`zi`sİ ginìİkİr.

\[> −6 . \n + %64

\[> −6 . \n . 0,6 giur.

4 τ 3τ

\[




−6.\n

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS Ùê l`ziİ y`rİn kìj` hgmtrgiiu

kgėruitufumum rozestel vo t`nomkùhtel yùhior itİmk`

êìİŗtİrİin`sİmk` y`pİi`m`mìeziorko aor cer jùêoion`mİmİm 6<4 korofoieh cerporygt eêemko 034―ŗor korofoêìİŗtİėİ, 3;4 korofo eso

Ürmoh2 334\/614\-?4Az ŗocohoko 54˒

uy`rn`k` êìİŗtİrİi`m 6 l`ziİ y`rİn

kìj` hgmtrgiiu kgėruitufu, `) 04ℬ―iuh rozestel cer yùhù

cosiokeėemko giuŗ`f`h tùn kovrop`r`notroioreme,

c) 04ℬ―iuh omkùhtel cer yùhùy` İ İn ` ` İ İ j r n ŗ r.

Cu êìİŗn` sİr`sİmk` aor ceroion`mk`m l`z `hİnİ `hn`ht`vo aor cer oion`m a`tjoreienemo k`y`mn`h zgrumk`hìn`ht`kİr.

H`ym`ht`m êoheiom `hİn toh

os o m o g uŗ`f` n ovrop`r`notroioreme aos`pi`yİmİz.

Êüzùn2

`) Sozestel yùhto êİhİŗ joreienemem grtì`n` koėore,

)^64fgs(0X.6

ΰ++> gn

k

\ \




yümiù gikuėu eêem komjosezker.)^64fgs(0X

3ΰ

τ

++kf

\


\kf> 6.600/<,31.(0+fgs034˒)

\kf> :;,31\

Êİhİŗ `hİnİ grtì`n` koėore,Ekf> \kf / S> :;,31 / 04

Ekf> :,;3@




TV(rns)> 6.<,5.334> ;,??hZ

Sozestel yùhto màt`r (trestür)joreiene,

Tkf> Ekf.\kf

Tkf> :,;3 . :;,31> ??0,0?Z


K . n+\K ≯ −6.600 . 0,6 ≯ :44\

Sozestel yùhto màt`r (trestür)`hİnİ,

EK ≯ En+ %64

E ≯ 60 0 0 6 ≯ ;4@

)3

)36 / sem(

<

?

3)(

τ

ΰ τ

τ

ΰ ++∓>

n

rnsV

E E




EV(rns)> (60,0 / 3).−4,05:> <,5@EK ≯ 60,0 . 0,6 ≯ ;4@

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS c) Êgh omkùhtel yùhto êİhİŗ


\n> \rns.−3> 334.−3> 600\

\kf> (6.−6.\n / 3τ).fgsΰ\kf> 3?:.fgs54˒> 4\


Ekf> En> \n /R> 600 / 04> 60,0@




TV(rns)> 6.0:,5;.334> 00,1;hZ

Omkùhtel yùhto màt r (trestür)joreiene,

Tkf> Ekf.\kf

Tkf> 60,0 . 4> 4Z

(`me koėor).

H`ym`h `hİnİmİm othem koėore,E@(rns)> En .−h

E@(rns)> \n / R .−Xt0/(t0+t3)^

E@(rns)> 600/04 .−(<,<<ns / 34ns)

K . n+\K ≯ −6.600 . 0,6 ≯ :44\

Omkùhtel yùhto màt r (trestür)`hİnİ,

EK ≯ En+ %64

EK ≯ 60 0 0 6 ≯ ;4@




E@(rns) 600/04 .−(<,<<ns / 34ns)

E@(rns)> 0:,5;@

EK ≯ 60,0 . 0,6 ≯ ;4@

ÜKO\-5

5.0) 614\/334\-?4Az ŗocohoko 05ℬ―iuh s`l rozestel cer yùhù cosioyom 6

l`ziİ y`rİn kìj` hgmtrgisuz kgėruitufumum,`) Kovro ŗon`sİmİ t`n gi`r`h êezemez, `hİn vo joreien yümioreme kovroùzoremko jüstoremez.


.

5.3) 614\/334\-?4Az ŗocohoko, <4² uy`rn` `êİsİmk`, 33ℬ―iuh rozestelcer yùhù cosioyom 6 l`ziİ y`rİn kìj` hgmtrgiiu kgėruitufumum,









E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS 6 l`ziİ t`n kìj` hgmtrgisuz

hüprù kgėruitufu (rozestel yùh)8 6 l`ziİ t`n kìj` hgmtrgisuz

kgėruitufu c`ėi`mtİsİ rozestel yùhtoêìİŗn` eêem ŝohei-;.04?―kojüstoreineŗter. ŝoheikom jürùikùėùjece h`ym`ėİm mütr (M) ufu êİhİŗt`huii`mİin`nİŗ s`kofo 6 l`zİm f`miİ

u i`rİ huii`mİinİ tİr. Cu kurunk`

Hüprùkohe keygti`rk`m K0 vo K;, @l`zİm` c`ėi`mnİŗ giup, K0 pgzetel,K; eso moj`tel ìtorm`msİ eiotnohiojüroviomkereineŗter. @ymİ ŗoheiko K6vo K< keygti`rİ C l`zİmİm pgzetel vomoj`tel ìtorm`msi`rİmİ, K? vo K3keygti`rİ eso F l`zİmİm pgzetel vomoj`tel itorm`msi`rİmİeiotnohtokerior.

hüprù a`t joreienioreme kgėruitur.

6 l`ziİh`ym`h

@

C

F

E@

K0 K6 K?

K; K< K3

+\G

-S

EG-

\K

+

EK

Keygti`r` voreiom cu mun`rì`rst`mk`rttİr vo `si` koėeŗtereinoz,êùmhù cu mun`rì`r 034 korofol`z l`rhiİ 6 l`ziİ joreien ìtİmk`

êìİŗn` sİr`sİmk` hüprùkohekeygti`rİm eioteno joêno sİr`sİmİel`ko otnohtoker.

Kovroyo èt kìj` ŗoheiiore ŝohei-―k i i h ei e e




;.04<―k` `yrİmtİiİ gi`r`h voreineŗter.

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS U`m t`r`lt`he kìj` tonoiŗoheiioremkom jürùioceiofoėejece, t`n kìj` kgėruitn`

y`pİin`sİ aìemko leitroionohuii`mİin`n`sİm` r`ėnom aor6 l`z joreiene `r`sİmk`he 034²‑ieh l`z h`ynì`rİmk`m kgi`yİêİhİŗ joreiene êgh kùzjùm cer

4 τ 3τ\(`c) \(cf) \(f`)−6.\n

\a

\K

\kf

−6.\n

K?< K<0 K03 K36 K6; K;? K?< K<0

. Kovromem a`t joreienioreme

kgėruittuėu jürùinohtoker. Aorcer keygt 034 korofo eiotenko

hìn`ht` l`h`t <4 korofoko ceroŗ koėeŗternohtoker.

H`ym`hi`rk`m êoheiom `hİn eso@F h`ro kìj` lgrn`tİmk` giup

Ekf

−6.\n /S

. n

E@

−6.\n /S

−6.\n /S




@F h`ro kìj` lgrn`tİmk` giup

034² l`z l`rhiİkİr.EK


koėore (\kf)8

6 l`ziİ hgmtrgisuz hüprù

kgėruitufumum rozestel yùhtoheêİhİŗ joreien kìj` ŗohie`ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.04:―kojürùikùėù jece gikuėumu


∨>

[

gkf kt t v

[ \

4

).(0

∨>

6 / 3

6 /

)(.sem.66 /

0 τ

τ

υ υ τ

t k t \ \ nkf

∨>

6 / 3

6 /

)(.sem.66

τ

τ

υ υ

τ

t k t \ \ nkf


6 / 3

6 / )fgs(

.66 τ

τ υ

τ

t \

\ n

kf ∓>

))^6 / fgs()6 / 3(fgs(X.66

τ τ

τ

∓∓> n

kf

\ \

0..66

)^?,4?,4(X.66

τ τ

nn

kf

\ \ \ >∓∓∓>

n\

\ .66

4 τ 3τ

[

\kf−6.\n




τ

n

kf\ ><4² 034²


(Ekf)8


kgėruitufumum rozestel yùhtoheêİhİŗ `hİnİmİm kìj` ŗohie`ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.041―kojürùikùėù jece gikuėumu


∨>

[

gkf kt t e

[ E

4

).(0

∨>

6 / 3

6 / )(.sem.66 /

0 τ

τ

υ υ τ

t k t E E nkf

∨>

6 / 3

6 /

)(.sem.66

τ

τ

υ υ

τ

t k t E E nkf


6 / 3

6 / )fgs(.

τ

τ

t E n

kf ∓>

))^6 / fgs()6 / 3(fgs(X.66

τ τ

τ

∓∓> n

kf

E E

0..66

)^?,4?,4(X.66

τ τ

nn

kf

E E E >∓∓∓>

\ E E

kfn

kf >>

.66

4 τ 3τ

[

Ekf−6.\n /S




Skf

τ <4² 034²




H`ym`ėİm cer l`zİmk`m êoheiom`hİn ŝohei-;.045―k`

ŝohei-;.045―k` voreiom h`ym`h`hİnİmİ ’−6.\n / S„ topokoėorie cer h`ro kìj` gi`r`h

h`cui okorsoh êüzùnhgi`yi`ŗ`f`htİr. Cu kurunk``hİnİm othem porygku,

h> t0 / (t0+t3) gi`f`htİr.

Cur`k`m `hİnİm othem koėore, y`mk`he jece cuium`ceiofohter. E@(rns)> En . −h voy`,

E@(rns)> (−6.\n / S) . −h giur.




4 τ 3τ

E@

−6.\n /S

t0 t3




p j

TV(rns)> 6 . T@(rns)<4˒ 3;4˒

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ

[ÙSÙFÙIOS Kovromem jùê h`ts`yİsİ

(fgsό)8


`hİn vo eijeie a`t joreiene ŝohei-;.004―k` jürùinohtoker.

ŝohei-;.004―k` voreiom ŗohiojüro h`ym`h `hİnİ, h`ym`hjoreienemo jüro ’ό„ h`k`r (64²)

jorekoker. Cu kurunk`,fgsό> fgs64²> 4,1<< ‑kİr.


4 τ 3τ

−6.\n

ŗohie ŝohei-;.000―kohe jeceker.Cu ŗohio jüro `màt`r `hİnİ8

EK> En+(%64.En)> 0,6 . −6.\n /S

4 τ 3τ

EK

−6.\n /S

\a

ό

E@

−6.\n /S

E@0






Jürùikùėù jece `màt`r ùzoremokgėruk`m h`ym`ėİm a`t joreienejoinohtoker. Cu kurunk``màt`r joreiene, a`t joreienetopo koėoremem (−6.\n) om `z

6 l`ziİ hgmtrgisuz hüprùkgėruitufu (omkùhtel yùhto)8

6 l`ziİ hgmtrgisuz hüprù kgėruitufu

kovro c`ėi`mtİsİ omkùhtel yùh eêemŝohei-;.006―ko jüstoreineŗter.ŝoheikom jürùikùėù jece yùho torsp`rìoi cer sorcost joêeŗ keygkuc`ėi`mn`nİŗtİr.

- ―%64 kà` l`zi`sİ ginìİkİr.

\K> −6 . \n + %64

\K> −6 . \n . 0,6 giur.

.tonoi kìj` ŗoheiiore jürùinohtoker.

4 τ 3τ

\K

−6.\n

6 l`ziİh`ym`h

@

C

F

E@

K0 K6 K?

K; K< K3

+\G

-R

EG-

\K

+

EK





ŗoheiioremkom jürùioceiofoėejece, t`n kìj` kgėruitn`y`pİin`sİ aìemko leitroionohuii`mİin`n`sİm` r`ėnom aor6 l`z joreiene `r`sİmk`he 034²‑ieh l`z h`ynì`rİmk`m kgi`yİêİhİŗ joreiene êgh kùzjùm cer

4 τ 3τ\(`c) \(cf) \(f`)−6.\n

\a

\K

\kf

−6.\n

K?< K<0 K03 K36 K6; K;? K?< K<0

. Kovromem a`t joreienioreme

kgėruittuėu jürùinohtoker. Aorcer keygt 034 korofo eiotenko

hìn`ht` l`h`t <4 korofoko ceroŗ koėeŗternohtoker.

H`ym`hi`rk`m êoheiom `hİn eso@F h`ro kìj` lgrn`tİmk` giup

. n

Ekf

−6.\n /S

E@

−6.\n /S

−6.\n /S




034² l`z l`rhiİkİr.EK


koėore (\kf)8


kgėruitufumum omkùhtel yùhtoheêİhİŗ joreien kìj` ŗohie`ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.00?―kojürùikùėù jece gikuėumucoiertneŗteh. Cu kurunk`

Êİhİŗ `hİnİmİm grtì`n` koėore(Ekf)8


kgėruitufumum omkùhtel yùhtoheêİhİŗ `hİnİmİm kìj` ŗohie`ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.00<―k`jürùikùėù jece gikuėumucoiertneŗteh. Cu kurunk`

joreienem grtì`n` koėorerozestel yùhtohe oŗetiehio `ymİkİr.

4 τ 3τ

<4² 034²

[

\kf

−6.\n

joreienem grtì`n` koėore,

Ekf> En> −6 . \n / R gi`f`htİr.

4 τ 3τ

[

EG

−6.\n /R




<4² 034²

<4² 034²




H`ym`ėİm cer l`zİmk`m êoheiom`hİn ŝohei-;.00:―ko

ŝohei-;.00:―ko voreiom h`ym`h`hİnİmİ ’−6.\n / S„ topokoėorie cer h`ro kìj` gi`r`h

h`cui okorsoh êüzùnhgi`yi`ŗ`f`htİr. Cu kurunk``hİnİm othem porygku,

h> t0 / (t0+t3) gi`f`htİr.

Cur`k`m `hİnİm othem koėore, ,y`mk`he jece cuium`ceiofohter. E@(rns)> En . −h voy`,

E@(rns)> (−6.\n / S) . −h giur.




4 τ 3τ

<4˒ 3;4˒

t0 t3

E@

−6.\n /S




TV(rns)> 6 . T@(rns)<4˒ 3;4˒

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS Kovromem jùê h`ts`yİsİ

(fgsό)8


`hİn vo eijeie a`t joreiene ŝohei-;.001―ko jürùinohtoker.

ŝohei-;.001―ko voreiom ŗohiojüro h`ym`h `hİnİ, h`ym`hjoreienemo jüro ’ό„ h`k`r (64²)

jorekoker. Cu kurunk`,fgsό> fgs64²> 4,1<< ‑kİr.


4 τ 3τ

−6.\n

ŗohie ŝohei-;.005―k`he jeceker.Cu ŗohio jüro `màt`r `hİnİ8

EK> En+(%64.En)> 0,6 . −6.\n /S

\a

ό

E@

−6.\n /S4 τ 3τ

EK

−6.\n /S







\kf> 6 . 0,:6 . 600 / 6,0;

\kf> ?0;\

Êİhİŗ `hİnİ grtì`n` koėore,Ekf> \kf / S> ?0; / 04

Ekf> ?0,;@




TV(rns)> 6.;6,:.334> 31,1;hZ

Sozestel yùhto màt`r (keygt)joreiene,

Tkf> Ekf.\kf

Tkf> ?0,; . ?0;> 3<,;3hZ


h> t0 / [> <,<<ns / 04ns> 4,<<E@(rns)> (−6 . \n / S) . −h

E@(rns)> (−6 . 600 / 04) . −4,<<

E@(rns)> ;6,:@

K . n+\K ≯ −6.600 . 0,6 ≯ :44\


EK ≯ −6.\n /S + %64

EK ≯ ?6,1 . 0,6 ≯ :4@




E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS c) Êgh omkùhtel yùhto êİhİŗ


\n> \rns.−3> 334.−3> 600\

\kf> 6.−6.\n / τ\kf> 6.−6.600 / 6,0;

\kf> ?0;\


Ekf> En

> −

6.\n

/R> ?61 / 04> ?6,1@



TV(rns)> 6.;6,:.334> 31,1;hZ

Omkùhtel yùhto màt r (keygt)joreiene,


Tkf> Ekf.\kf

Tkf> ?6,1 . ?0;> 3:,<?hZ


E@(rns)> En .−h

E@(rns)> −6.\n / R .−Xt0/(t0+t3)^

E@(rns)> ?61/04 .−(<,<<ns / 04ns)

@(rns)

K . n+\K ≯ −6.600 . 0,6 ≯ :44\

Omkùhtel yùhto màt r (keygt)`hİnİ,

EK ≯ −6.\n /S + %64

EK ≯ ?6,1 . 0,6 ≯ :4@




E@(rns)

> ;6,:@

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS 6 l`ziİ y`rİn hgmtrgiiu hüprù

kgėruitufu (rozestel yùhto)8 6 l`ziİ y`rİn hgmtrgiiu hüprù

kgėruitufu jùê kovrose c`ėi`mtİsİrozestel yùh eêem ŝohei-;.030―kojüstoreineŗter.

Cu kovroko ko 0 l`ziİ hüprùkogikuėu jece sùrno hgi`yiİėİ

ŝoheikom jürùikùėù jece, 6 l`zy`rİn hgmtrgiiu hüprù kgėruitufukovroseme sùrnoh eêem, kà` ümfo6 l`z y`rİn kìj` hgmtrgiiu

kgėruitufu kovroseme sùrnohtohuii`mİi`m 6 l`ziİ uy`rn` kovrose`ymom huii`mİinİŗtİr.

Cu kovroyo èt tonoi kìj`ŗoheiiore `ŗ`ėİk` ŝohei-;.033―ko

,ìtt`he oion`mi`r eso keygttur. `yrİmtİiİ gi`r`h voreineŗter.

6 l`ziİh`ym`h

@

C

F

E@

[0 [3 [6

K3 K6 K0

+\G

-S

EG-

\K

+

E[ĴėmoTìs

Ùrotf.0

+

ĴėmoTìs

Ùrotf.3

+

ĴėmoTìs

Ùrotf.6

+

Vymf-@

Vymf-C

Vymf-F

ΰ

[3 - J

[6 - J




Ù otf 6


ŗoheiioremkom jürùioceiofoėejece, [0 trestürù \`c joreienemem,[3 trestürù \cf joreienemem, [6trestürù eso \f` joreienemem54―İmfİ korofosemkouy`rİinİŗtİr.

Cumum sgmufumk` êİhİŗ

4 τ 3τ\(`c) \(cf) \(f`)−6.\n

\a

ΰ

−6.\n

\kf

\[

jor n vo êİ İŗ ` İnİ osgi`r`h giuŗnuŗtur.

@ l`zİmk`m êoheiom `hİn eso [0eiotenko gikuėumk` pgzetel, [3

eiotenko gikuėumk` moj`telgi`r`h `hn`ht`, [6 eiotenkogikuėum` eso @ l`zİmk`maora`mje yümko cer `hİn

−6.\n /S

Ekf

. n

−6.\n /S

E[−6.\n /S

E@




`hn`n`ht`kİr.


koėore (\kf)8


kgėruitufumum rozestel yùhtoheêİhİŗ joreien kìj` ŗohie`ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.036―kojürùikùėù jece gikuėumucoiertneŗteh. Cu kurunk`

∨>

[

gkf kt t v

[ \

4

).(0

∨>

τ

ΰ

υ υ

τ

)(.sem.66 / 3

0t k t \ \

nkf

>

τ

υ υ )(.sem.66

t k t \

\ n

kf

ΰ ≯ <4˒ eêem

joreien grtì`n` koėore ΰ ≯ <4korofo eêem y`mk`he jeceker.

4 τ 3τ

ΰ

[

−6.\n

\kf

ΰ τ

τ

ΰ υ

τ

)fgs(3

.66t

\ \

n

kf ∓>

)^fgs(fgsX3

.66ΰ τ

τ

∓∓> n

kf

\ \

)fgs0(.66

ΰ +> n

kf

\ \




3τ


(Ekf)8


kgėruitufumum rozestel yùhtoheêİhİŗ `hİnİmİm kìj` ŗohie`ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.03;―kojürùikùėù jece gikuėumucoiertneŗteh. Cu kurunk`

∨>

[

gkf kt t e

[ E

4

).(0

∨>

τ

ΰ

υ υ

τ

)(.sem.66 / 3

0t k t E E

nkf

>

τ

)(.sem

.66t k t

E E

n

ΰ ≯ <4˒ eêem

`hİnİm grtì`n` koėore ΰ ≯ <4korofo eêem y`mk`he jeceker.

4 τ 3τ

ΰ

[

−6.\n /S

Ekf

ΰ τ 3

τ

ΰ υ

τ

)fgs(3

.66t

E E

n

kf ∓>

)^fgs(fgsX3

.66ΰ τ

τ

∓∓> n

kf

E E

\ E E

kfn

kf >+> )fgs0(

.66ΰ




S3τ




H`ym`ėİm cer l`zİmk`m êoheiom`hİn ŝohei-;.03?―ko

∨>

[

srns @ kt t e

[ E

4

3

)( .)^(X0

∨>

τ

ΰ

υ υ

τ

)(.)^sem(.X33 3

)( t k t E E nrns @

∨>

τ

ΰ

υ υ

τ

)().(sem3

3

)( t k t

E E

n

rns @

,y`mk`he jece cuium`ceiofohter.

4 τ 3τ

−6.\n /S

E@

ΰ [

τ

ΰ

υ υ

τ

^;

)3sem(

3X

3

)(

t t E E

n

rns @ ∓>

ΰ ΰ 3sem0)( +∓>

n

rns @

E E

τ

ΰ

τ

υ

τ

υ ^

3

)3sem(X

3

)(

t t E E

n

rns @ ∓>

τ

ΰ

τ

ΰ

τ

ΰ

τ

τ

τ

τ )^

3

)3sem(()

3

)3sem(X(

3)( ∓∓∓>

n

rns @

E E




τ τ 33

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS H`ym`ht`m êoheiom tgpi`n othem

jùê (TV(rns))8


Ùê l`zk`m êoheiom tgpi`n jùê8TV(rns)> 6 . T@(rns)

Kovromem jùê h`ts`yİsİ (fgsό)8


Cu kurunk` jùê h`ts`yİsİ,`htel jùfùm jùrùmùr jùfogr`mİmk`m y`me,

fgsό> T / V―kom cuium`ceier.4 τ 3τ

−6.\n

t`r`lt` ŝohei-;.03<―k`jürùinohtoker.

ŝoheikom jürùikùėù jece,

h`ym`h `hİnİ, h`ym`ht`mhosehie gi`r`h êoheinohto vojùê h`ts`yİsİ `ŗ`ėİk`he ŗoheiùzoremkom t`n gi`r`hcoieriomononohtoker.

−6.\n /S

E@




E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS @màt`r (keygt-trestür) hİnİ

(EK)8

Kovrokohe màt`r (keygt-

trestür) hİnİmİm kìj` ŗohieŝohei-;.03:―kohe jeceker. Cuŗohio jüro `màt`r `hİnİ, keėoruyjui`nì`rk` k` gikuėu jece,ùzoremkom joêom `hİnİm topo

@màt`r (keygt-trestür) joreiene(\K)8


trestür) joreienemem kìj` ŗohieŝohei-;.031―kohe jeceker. Cuŗohio jüro `màt`r joreiene ko,keėor uyjui`nì`rk` k` gikuėujece, ùzoremkohe joreienem topo

koėoremo om `z %64 tgior`msp`yİ ohiomoroh cuium`ceier.

EK> En+(%64.En)> 0,6 . −6.\n /S

4 τ 3τ−6.\n /S

E[


\K> 0,6 . −6.\n

4 τ 3τ

−6.\n

\G




E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS 6 l`ziİ y`rİn hgmtrgiiu hüprù

kgėruitufu (omkùhtel yùhto)8 6 l`ziİ y`rİn hgmtrgiiu hüprù

kgėruitufu jùê kovrose c`ėi`mtİsİomkùhtel yùh eêem ŝohei-;.035―k`jüstoreineŗter.

Cu kovroko ko 0 l`ziİ hüprùkogikuėu jece sùrno hgi`yiİėİ

ŝoheikom jürùikùėù jece, 6 l`zy`rİn hgmtrgiiu hüprù kgėruitufukovroseme sùrnoh eêem, kà` ümfo6 l`z y`rİn kìj` hgmtrgiiu

kgėruitufu kovroseme sùrnohtohuii`mİi`m 6 l`ziİ uy`rn` kovrose`ymom huii`mİinİŗtİr.

Cu kovroyo èt tonoi kìj`ŗoheiiore `ŗ`ėİk` ŝohei-;.064―k`

,ìtt`he oion`mi`r eso keygttur. `yrİmtİiİ gi`r`h voreineŗter.

6 l`ziİh`ym`h

@

C

F

E@

[0 [3 [6

K3 K6 K0

+\G

-S

EG

-

\K+

E[

Kn

ĴėmoTìs

Ùrotf.0

+

ĴėmoTìs

Ùrotf.3

+

ĴėmoTìs

Ù

+

Vymf-@

Vymf-C

Vymf-F

ΰ

[3 - J

[6 - J




Ùrotf.6


ŗoheiioremkom jürùioceiofoėejece, [0 trestürù \`c joreienemem,[3 trestürù \cf joreienemem, [6trestürù eso \f` joreienemem54―İmfİ korofosemkouy`rİinİŗtİr. Cu kurunk` êİhİŗ `hİnİ sorcost joêeŗ keygkumum

4 τ 3τ\(`c) \(cf) \(f`)−6.\n

\a

ΰ

−6.\n

\kf

\[

jorêohioŗneŗter.

@ l`zİmk`m êoheiom `hİn eso [0eiotenko gikuėumk` pgzetel, [3

eiotenko gikuėumk` moj`telgi`r`h `hn`ht`, [6 eiotenkogikuėum` eso @ l`zİmk`maora`mje yümko cer `hİn`hn`n`ht`kİr.

. n

−6.\n /R

Ekf

−6.\n /R

E[−6.\n /R

E@





koėore (\kf)8


kgėruitufumum omkùhtel yùhtoheêİhİŗ joreien kìj` ŗohie`ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.060―kojürùikùėù jece gikuėumucoiertneŗteh. Cu kurunk`

Êİhİŗ `hİnİmİm grtì`n` koėore(\kf)8


kgėruitufumum omkùhtel yùhtoheêİhİŗ `hİnİ kìj` ŗohie`ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.063―kojürùikùėù jece gikuėumucoiertneŗteh. Cu kurunk`

joreien grtì`n` koėore rozestelyùhio `ymİkİr.

4 τ 3τ

ΰ

[

−6.\n

\kf

`hİnİm grtì`n` koėore,Ekf> En> −6.\n / R gi`f`htİr.

4 τ 3τ

ΰ

[

−6.\n /R

Ekf







H`ym`ėİm cer l`zİmk`m êoheiom`hİn ŝohei-;.066―ko

ŝohei-;.066―kom jürùikùėù jece@F h`ro kìj` lgrn`tİmk` gi`mh`ym`h `hİnİ `mf`h othemporygti` y`hi`ŗİh gi`r`haos`pi`m`ceiofohter.

Cu kurunk` othem porygt,

h> t0 / Xt0+(t3+t6)/3^

,y`mk`he jece cuium`ceiofohter. Othem porygku huii`m`r`hh`ym`h `hİnİmİm othem koėore,

EV(rns)> En . −h

voy`,EV(rns)> (−6.\n / R) . −h

oŗetieėemkomaos`pi`m`ceiofohter.

4 τ 3τ

t0 t6t3

−6.\n /R

E@





jùê (TV(rns))8




Cu kurunk` jùê h`ts`yİsİ,`htel jùfùm jürùmùr jùfogr`mİmk`m y`me,

fgsό> T / V―kom cuium`ceier.4 τ 3τ

−6.\n

`ym` İm r `zİm `m êo om`hİn vo eijeie a`t joreiene y`mt`r`lt` ŝohei-;.06;―kojürùinohtoker. ŝoheikom

jürùikùėù jece, h`ym`h `hİnİ,h`ym`ht`m hosehie gi`r`hêoheinohto vo jùê h`ts`yİsİ`ŗ`ėİk`he ŗohei ùzoremkom t`ngi`r`h coieriomononohtoker.

−6.\n /R

E@



N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE 0;4


(EK)8


trestür) hİnİmİm kìj` ŗohieŝohei-;.06?―kohe jeceker. Cuŗohio jüro `màt`r `hİnİ, keėoruyjui`nì`rk` k` gikuėu jece,ùzoremkom joêom `hİnİm topo

@màt`r (keygt-trestür) joreiene(\K)8


trestür) joreienemem kìj` ŗohieŝohei-;.06<―k`he jeceker. Cuŗohio jüro `màt`r joreiene ko,keėor uyjui`nì`rk` k` gikuėujece, ùzoremkohe joreienem topo


EK> En+(%64.En)> 0,6 . −6.\n /R


\K> 0,6 . −6 . \n

4 τ 3τ

−6.\n

\[

4 τ 3τ−6.\n /R

E[




E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS

Ürmoh2 334\/614\-?4Az ŗocohoko

êìİŗtİrİi`m 6 l`ziİ t`n kìj` y`rİn

hgmtrgiiu kgėruitufu,

`) 04ℬ―iuh rozestel cer yùhùcosiokeėemko giuŗ`f`h tùn kovrop`r`notroioreme,

c) 04ℬ―iuh omkùhtel cer yùhù

\n> \rns.−3> 334.−3> 600\

\kf> 6.0,:6.600/<,31(0+fgs54)

\kf> 3?:\

Êİhİŗ `hİnİ grtì`n` koėore,Ekf> \kf / S> 3?: / 04

Ekf> 3?,:@

Grtì`n` êİhİŗ jùfù,os o m o g uŗ`f` n ovro

p`r`notroioreme aos`pi`yİmİz.

Êüzùn2 `) Sozestel yùhto êİhİŗ joreienemem

grtì`n` koėore,

Tkf> Ekf.\kf

Tkf> 3?,: . 3?:> <,<hZ


h> t0 / [> ?ns / 04ns> 4,?E@(rns)> (−6 . \n / R) . −h

E@(rns)> (−6 . 600 / 04) . −4,?

E@(rns)> 6:,<<@)fgs0(

3

.66ΰ

τ

+> n

kf

\ \




E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS Sozestel yùhto h`ym`ht`m

êoheiom othem jùê,


TV(rns)> 6.6:,<<.334> 3;,1?hZ

Sozestel yùhto màt`r (keygt-trestür) joreiene,

c) Êgh omkùhtel yùhto êİhİŗ joreienemem grtì`n` koėore,

\n> \rns.−3> 334.−3> 600\

\kf

> (6.−6.\n / τ) . (0+fgs54)

\kf> (6.−6.600 / <,31) . (0+4)

\kf> 3?:\


Ekf> En> −6.\n /R> ?61 / 04> ?6,1@K . n+

\K ≯ −6.600 . 0,6 ≯ :44\

Sozestel yùhto màt`r (keygt-trestür) hİnİ,EK ≯ −6.\n /S + %64

EK ≯ ?6,1 . 0,6 ≯ :4@


Tkf> Ekf.\kf

Tkf> ?6,1 . 3?:> 06,13hZ


E@(rns)> En .−h

E@(rns)> −6.\n / R .−Xt0/(t0+t3)^

E@(rns)> ?61/04 .−(?ns / 04ns)

E@(rns)> 6:,<<@




E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS Ceiemkeėe jece y`rİn hgmtrgiiu

hüprùmùm omkùhtel yùhtoêìİŗtİrİin`sİ kurunumk`yùhtom h`ym`ė` kgėru omorbetr`mslore gi`n`n`ht` vo`ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.06:―komjürùikùėù jece kgėruitufus`kofo 0. cüijoko



TV(rns)> 6.6:,<<.334> 3;,1?hZ

Omkùhtel yùhto màt r (keygt-trestür) joreiene,

ê` İŗn` ` İr. g ru ufumumêelt cüijoko êìİŗ`ceinose eêemt`n hgmtrgiiu kgėruitufugin`sİ jorohofohter.

K . n+\K ≯ −6.600 . 0,6 ≯ :44\

Omkùhtel yùhto màt r (keygt-trestür) hİnİ,EK ≯ −6.\n /S + %64

EK ≯ ?6,1 . 0,6 ≯ :4@

EG\G

U`rİnHgmtrgiiu

EG\G

[`nHgmtrgiiu



N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE 0;;




ŗoheiioremkom jürùioceiofoėejece, kovrokohe trestürior tİphİ 6l`ziİ hgmtrgisuz hüprùkohe

keygti`rİm kgėì a`rohotioremkogikuėu jece uy`rİinİŗi`rkİr.

Cur`k` huii`mİi`m uy`rn`tohmeėe eio aor cer trestür 034

4 τ 3τ\(`c) \(cf) \(f`)−6\n

\a

ΰ

−6.\n

\kf

[?< <0 03 36 6; ;? ?<\[0

orofo o n o u u n` `, or<4 korofoko oŗ koėeŗternohtovo êİhİŗt` a`t joreienemekgėruit`r`h hgmtrgi otnohtoker.

<4 korofoieh uy`rn` `êİsİ eêemêezeiom cu ŗoheiko moj`telhİsİni`r giuŗn`nİŗtİr. @êİcùyùkùhêo joreien moj`telo

kgėru s`rhn`ht`kİr

−6.\n

−6.\n /R

Ekf

E[−6.\n /R

EV

−6.\n /R



N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE 0;<

kgėru s`rhn`ht`kİr.


koėore (\kf)8

6 l`ziİ t`n hgmtrgiiu hüprù

kgėruitufumum omkùhtel yùhtoheêİhİŗ joreien kìj` ŗohie`ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.0;4―k`jürùikùėù jece gikuėumucoiertneŗteh. Cu kurunk`

∨>

[

gkf kt t v

[ \

4

).(0

∨+

+

>

ΰ τ

ΰ τ

υ υ

τ

6 / 3

6 /

)(.sem.66 /

0 t k t \ \ nkf

∨+

>

ΰ τ

υ υ

6 / 3

)(.sem.66

t k t \

\ n

kf

joreien grtì`n` koėore eêemy`mk`he jece gi`f`htİr.

+ΰ τ 6 /

ΰ τ

ΰ τ υ

τ

+

+∓>

6 / 3

6 / )fgs(.66

t \

\ n

kf

.....)6 / 3fgs(X.66 ++∓> ΰ τ

τ

n

kf\ \

ΰ fgs.66

n

kf

\ \ >

4 τ 3τ

<4˒

+ΰ

[

−6.\n

\kf

[?< <0 03 36 6; ;? ?<

ΰ

034˒

+ΰ



N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE 0;:


(\kf)8

6 l`ziİ t`n hgmtrgiiu hüprù

kgėruitufumum omkùhtel yùhtoheêİhİŗ `hİnİ kìj` ŗohie`ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-;.0;0―kojürùikùėù jeceker. Cu kurunk``hİnİm grtì`n` koėore,



`hİn ŝohei-;.0;3―kojürùinohto giup othem koėore,

h> t0 / (t0+t3)

EV(rns)> En . −h

Ekf> En> −6.\n / R gi`f`htİr.

Grtì`n` êİhİŗ jùfù (Tkf)8


4 τ 3τ

−6.\n /R

Ekf

rns > . n .oŗetieėemkom cuium`ceiofohter.

4 τ 3τ

[

t0E[

−6.\n /R





jùê (TV(rns))8




Cu kurunk` jùê h`ts`yİsİ,

fgsό> fgs(<4˒+ΰ /3)

oŗetieėemkom cuium`ceiofohter.4 τ 3τ

−6.\n

ΰ

`ym` İm r `zİm `m êo om`hİn vo eijeie a`t joreiene y`mt`r`lt` ŝohei-;.0;6―kojürùinohtoker.

ŝoheikom jürùikùėù jece,h`ym`h `hİnİ, h`ym`ht`m êeltyümiù vo hosehie gi`r`hêoheinohto vo cu `hİnporygkeh gi`r`h koėeŗnohtoker.

E[

−6.\n /R

ό





(E[)8


trestür) hİnİmİm kìj` ŗohieŝohei-;.0;;―kohe jeceker. Cuŗohio jüro `màt`r `hİnİ, keėoruyjui`nì`rk` k` gikuėu jece,ùzoremkom joêom `hİnİm topo

@màt`r (keygt-trestür) joreiene(\[)8


trestür) joreienemem kìj` ŗohieŝohei-;.0;?―kohe jeceker. Cuŗohio jüro `màt`r joreiene ko,keėor uyjui`nì`rk` k` gikuėujece, ùzoremkohe joreienem topo


E[> En+(%64.En)> 0,6 . −6.\n /R


\[> 0,6 . −6.\n

4 τ 3τ

E[

−6.\n /R

4 τ 3τ

−6.\n

\[0



N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE 0?4

E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS

Ürmoh2 334\/614\-?4Az ŗocohoko 54²

uy`rn`k` êìİŗtİrİi`m 6 l`ziİ t`nkìj` t`n hgmtrgiiu kgėruitufu,



c) Êgh omkùhtel yùhto êİhİŗ joreienemem grtì`n` koėore,

\n> \rns.−3> 334.−3> 600\

\kf> (6.−6.\n / τ) . fgs54

\kf> (6.−6.600 / <,31) . 4

\kf> 4\


Ekf> En> −6.\n /R> ?61 / 04> ?6,1@

os o m o g uŗ`f` n ovrop`r`notroioreme aos`pi`yİmİz.

Êüzùn2 `) Sozestel yùhto êİhİŗ joreienemem

grtì`n` koėore,Cu tùr cer kgėruitufu rozestelyùhto huii`mİin`z, huii`mİi`f`hgiurs` y`rİn hgmtrgiiu jece giur.

Grtì`n` êİhİŗ jùfù,Tkf> Ekf.\kf

Tkf> ?6,1 . 4> 4hZ (`me koėor).


E@(rns)> En .−hE@(rns)> −6.\n / R .−Xt0/(t0+t3)^

E@(rns)> ?61/04 .−(<,<<ns / 04ns)

E@(rns)> ;6,5@




E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS Ceiemkeėe jece t`n hgmtrgiiu

hüprù kgėruitufu êİhİŗ joreieneêgh omkùhtel yùhto, pgzeteln`hsenun eio moj`teln`hsenun r`sİmk`koėeŗnohto vo kgėruitufu êeltyümiù êìİŗn`ht`kİr.

KF ngtgri`rk` yüm koėeŗene



TV(rns)> 6.;6,5.334> 31,5:hZ

Omkùhtel yùhto màt r (keygt-trestür) joreiene,

eêem êeltie huii`mİi`m cu kovro eioŝohei-;.0;<―k` jürùikùėù jece ;cüijoie êìİŗn` s`ėi`m`ceier.

K . n+\K ≯ −6.600 . 0,6 ≯ :44\

Omkùhtel yùhto màt r (keygt-

trestür) hİnİ,EK ≯ −6.\n /S + %64

EK ≯ ?6,1 . 0,6 ≯ :4@

EG\G

[`nHgmtrgiiu

EG\G

ÊeltieKgėruitufu




E\ ‖ @F/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS 6 l`ziİ t`n hgmtrgiiu êelt hüprù

kgėruitufu8 6 l`ziİ t`n hgmtrgiiu êelt hüprù

kgėruitufu jùê kovrose c`ėi`mtİsİ

omkùhtel yùh eêem ŝohei-;.0;:―kojüstoreineŗter.

Cu kovroko ko 0 l`ziİ uyjui`n`k`gikuėu jece ehe t`m hgmtrgiiu hüprù

Kovromem uy`rn`sİmk` eso kà`ümfo `êİhi`m`m t`n hgmtrgiiuuy`rn` kùzomoėemkom ehe `kothuii`mİinìİ vo cu kovroior ko 0

l`ziİ êelt hüprù kgėruitufuk`gikuėu jece cer igbeh hgmtrgikovroseyio hgmtrgi okeinoieker.

Ceiemkeėe jece cu kovro toh toh y`k` kèn` ’ΰ0+ΰ3> 014²„ ŗ`rtİmİ

c`ėi`mnİŗtİr. s`ėi`y`f`h ŗoheiko uy`rİinìİkİr.

6 l`ziİh`ym`h

@

C

F

E@

[0 [6 [?

[; [< [3

-\K

+

6 l`ziİh`ym`h

@

C

F

[0―[6―[?―

[;―[<―[3―

+\G

-N

EG




ÜKO\-04

04.0) 614\/334\-?4Az ŗocohoko 05ℬ―iuh s`l rozestel cer yùhù cosioyom 6 l`ziİ t`n kìj`hgmtrgisuz kgėruitufumum,`) Kovro ŗon`sİmİ t`n gi`r`h êezemez, `hİn vo joreien yümioreme kovro ùzoremkojüstoremez.c) Kovromem tonoi kìj` ŗoheiioreme koėorioreyio ceriehto êezemez.f) Êezeiom kìj` ŗoheiioremo jüro tonoi p`r`notroiore aos`pi`yİmİz.

04.3) 614\/334\-?4Az ŗocohoko, 034² uy`rn` `êİsİmk`, 33ℬ―iuh rozestel cer yùhùcosioyom 6 l`ziİ t`n kìj` y`rİn hgmtrgiiu kgėruitufumum,

,jüstoremez.c) Kovromem tonoi kìj` ŗoheiioreme koėorioreyio ceriehto êezemez.f) Êezeiom kìj` ŗoheiioremo jüro tonoi p`r`notroiore aos`pi`yİmİz.

04.3) 614\/334\-?4Az ŗocohoko, <4² uy`rn` `êİsİmk`, 04ℬ―iuh rozestel cer yùhù cosioyom

6 l`ziİ t`n kìj` t`n hgmtrgiiu kgėruitufumum,`) Kovro ŗon`sİmİ t`n gi`r`h êezemez, `hİn vo joreien yümioreme kovro ùzoremkojüstoremez.c) Kovromem tonoi kìj` ŗoheiioreme koėorioreyio ceriehto êezemez.f) Êezeiom kìj` ŗoheiioremo jüro tonoi p`r`notroiore aos`pi`yİmİz.

Ù ĝ



N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE 0?;

Cüiùn-?


Ù ĴĝĴ




\ ‖ @F/@F KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• Jereŗ2

• @F hİyİfİi`r (@F-@Fkümùŗtùrùfùior), ŗocohokom

ìkİhi`rİ s`cet jomieh volroh`msiİ @F joreiene eŗioyorohêİhİŗİm` yemo @F gi`r`h voromjùê oiohtrgmeėe kovroioreker.

• Cu kovroiore omoi gi`r`h 3

Ĵhemfe jrupt` yor ì`m kerohtlroh`ms êoverefeior eso jereŗioremouyjui`m`m @F joreienem aonjomieėeme aon ko lroh`msİmİhgmtrgi okoceinohtokerior.

@F hİyİfİi`r cu üzoiiehioreyio 6l`rhiİ ì`mk` êgh y`yjİm gi`r`hhuii`mİin`ht`kİr. Cu ì`mi`r,

jruc` `yİrn`h nùnhùmkùr.Cu jrupi`r,

• 0) @F vgit`b hgmtrgifui`r,

• 3) Keroht lroh`ms êoverefeiorker.

• Cu jrupi rk`m ceremfese gi`m @Fvgit`b hgmtrgifui`r, jereŗemouyjui`m`m @F joreienem s`kofojomieėeme hgmtrgi okor.

N M k t UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ 0 KOSV MG[I@SE 3

0) Esİ hgmtrgiu, 3) Eŗİh hgmtrgiu,

6) Ngtgr hgmtrgiukur.

Esİ vo İŗİh (`ykİmi`tn`)hgmtrgiumk` s`kofo @F vgit bhgmtrgifui`r, ngtgr hgmtrgiumkèso aor ehe jrup @F hİyİfİ k`huii`mİi`ceinohtoker.




\ ‖ @F/@F KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• [onoi jùê oion`mİ gi`r`h

trestür, trey`h vo keygt huii`mİi`m@F hİyİi`rİm ìt jrupi`rİ eso`ŗ`ėİk` jürùikùėù jeceker.

• @F vgit`b hgmtrgifui`r8 ‖ 0) 0 l`ziİ @F vgit`b

hgmtrgifui`r,

‖ 0`- @ên`-h`p`n` hgmtrgiiu,

0 L`ziİ @ên`-H`p`n` Hgmtrgiiu@F \git`b Hgmtrgifu (rozestel yùh)8

ŝohei-?.0―ko 0 l`ziİ `ên`-

h`p`n` hgmtrgiiu @F vgit`bhgmtrgifu kovro c`ėi`mtİsİjürùinohtoker. Jürùikùėù jecetrestürior cer eėmo pìs ùrotofeyiopìs ùrotofemem ezem jereŗe eso cer

‖ 0c- L`z `êİsİ hgmtrgiiu, ‖ 3) 6 l`ziİ @F vgit`b

hgmtrgifui`r,

‖ 3`- @ên`-h`p`n` hgmtrgiiu,

‖ 3c- L`z `êİsİ hgmtrgiiu,• Keroht lroh`ms êoverefeior (KLÊ)

‖ 0) 0 l`zk`m-0 l`z` KLÊ,

‖ 3) 6 l`zk`m-0 l`z` KLÊ,

‖ 6) 6 l`zk`m-6 l`z` KLÊ.N Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ 0 KOSV MG[I@SE 6

TZN eio hgmtrgi okeinohtoker.

ĴėmoTìs

Ùrotofe

ΰ>4

Vymf

+

-[3

[0

[0[3+

\s-

+\g-

+ \[ -

Es, E[

Eg TZNùrotofe4-%044

Ĵzem

h




\ ‖ @F/@F KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS

\V υt

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ\n

ŝohei-?.3―ko kovromem uy`rn`, ŝohei-?.6―ko eso jùê kovrose kìj` ŗoheiioreoŗ z`n`miİ gi`r`h voreineŗter. \V

υt

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ\n

\G υt

\n

\n

N Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ 0 KOSV MG[I@SE ;

υt\JH0

υt\JH3

υt\ĴRĴM

t0 t3

\[ υt

EV υt

En

EG-[ υt

En





ŝohei-?.0―ko jürùiom `ên`h`p`n` hgmtrgiiu @F vgit`bhgmtrgifu kovroseme, kùŗùh vogrt` jùêior eêem, ŝohei-?.; voŝohei-?.?―ko jürùikùėù jeces`kofo cer ’trey`h„ huii`m`r`hk` y`pn`h nùnhùmkùr.

\V υt

\n

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

\

υt\TZN

t0 t3

N Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE ?

\G υt

EV,[,G υt

En

\[

υt

\n

TZNÙrotofe3x%?4

h

+

-

+\s-

+\g-

+ \[ -

Es, E[

Eg

%4 -%044





• ŝohei-?.0 vo ?.?―kom jürùikùėùjece 0 l`ziİ `ên` h`p`n`hgmtrgiiu @F vgit`b hgmtrgifukovrose aon cerceremo torsp`rìoi c`ėi`mnİŗ trestüriorioaon ko trey`h huii`m`r`hy`pİi`ceinohtoker.

• [restürior huii`mİikİ İmk` e mo

ŝohei-?.6 vo ?.?―ko jürùiomtonoi kìj` ŗoheiioremkomy`r`ri`m`r`h kovroko jorohie

aos`pi`nì`r y`pİi`ceier.Kovroko y`pİi`ceiofoh c`zİaos`pi`nì`r ŗumi`rkİr8

0) Êİhİŗ joreienemem othem koėore,

3 İhİ `hİnİmİm othem ko ore pìs ùrotofe itorm`msİm aonomc`ŗİmk` pìs ùrotofoh ŗoheiko`y`ri`mİp, ezem jereŗe cer TZNsemyìe eio hgmtrgi okeinohtoker.

• [rey`h huii`mİikİėİk` eso TZNsemyìe kgėruk`m trey`h jereŗemouyjui`m`ceinohto vo ên`-h`p`n` hgmtrgiu gin`ht`kİr.

N Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE <

6) Othem (rns) êİhİŗ jùfù,



<) Jùê h`ts`yİsİ, :) @màt`r joreieniore,

1) @màt`r hİni`rİ,



N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ 0 KOSV MG[I@SE <


• Êİhİŗ joreienem othem koėore8

• 0 l`ziİ ên`-h`p`n` hgmtrgiiu@F vgit`b hgmtrgifumum rozestel

yùhto êìİŗtİrİin`sİmk`, yùhùzoremko ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-?.<―ko voreiom kìj` ŗohiememjürùiofoėeme coiertneŗteh.

•

∨>

[

grnsG kt t v[

h \

4

3

)( .)^(X

∨>

τ

υ υ τ

3

4

33

)( )().(sem.3 t k t \

h

\ nrnsG

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ

3

4

3

3

)(

)( )().(sem3

).3.(t k t

\ h \

rnsV

rnsG

oŗetieėe rozestel yùh eêem y`mt`r`lt`he jece aos`pi`m`f`htİr.

N.Mofkot UEIKERJÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE :

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

\G υt

\n

t0 t3

τ υ υ

τ

3

4

3)(

)( ^;

)(3sem

3.X

3

.3. t t \ h \

rnsV

rnsG ∓>

)^4()43

3.X(

. 3

)(

)( ∓∓> τ

τ

rnsV

rnsG

\ h \

3

)(

3

)(

)( .)0

.(.

rnsV

rnsV

rnsG \ h \ h

\ >> τ

τ

30

0)()()( ..

t t

t \ h \ \ rnsV rnsV rnsG

+

>>



JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ 0 KOSV MG[I@SE :


• Êİhİŗ `hİnİmİm othem koėore8

• 0 l`ziİ ên`-h`p`n` hgmtrgiiu@F vgit`b hgmtrgifumum rozestel

yùhto êìİŗtİrİin`sİmk`, yùhùzoremkom ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-?.:―ko kìj` ŗohie voreiom`hİnİm joêofoėeme coiertneŗteh.

•

∨>

[

grnsG kt t e[

h E

4

3

)( .)^(X

∨>

τ

υ υ τ

3

4

33

)( )().(sem.3 t k t E

h

E nrnsG

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ

3

4

3

3

)(

)( )().(sem3

).3.(t k t

E h E

rnsV

rnsG


N.Mofkot UEIKERJÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE 1

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

EG υt

En

t0 t3

τ υ υ

τ

3

4

3)(

)( ^;

)(3sem

3.X

3

.3. t t E h E

rnsV

rnsG ∓>

)^4()43

3.X(

. 3

)(

)( ∓∓> τ

τ

rnsV

rnsG

E h E

3

)(

3

)(

)( .)0

.(.

rnsV

rnsV

rnsG E h E h

E >> τ

τ

S

\ h E E

rnsG

rnsV rnsG

)(

)()( . >>



Ê


• Othem êİhİŗ jùfù8

• Ceiemkeėe jece othem êİhİŗ jùfù,

TG(rns)> EG(rns) . \G(rns)


• H`ym`h hİnİ othem koėore8

• H` m`ht`m oheiom hİnİm

∨>

[

V rnsV kt t e[

h E

4

3

)( .)^(X

∨>

τ

υ υ τ

3

4

33

)( )().(sem.3 t k t E

h

E nrnsV

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ

3

4

3

3

)( )().(sem3

).(t k t

E h E n

rnsV

ŝohei-?.1―kohe jece gikuėumucoiertneŗteh. Cum` jüro,


τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

EV υt

En

t0 t3

τ υ υ

τ

3

4

3

)( ^;

)(3sem

3.X

3

. t t E h E n

rnsV ∓>

)^4()43

3.X(

3

. 3

)( ∓∓> τ

τ

nrnsV

E h E

3

.)

0.(

3

. 33

)(

nnrnsV

E h E h E >>

τ

τ

30

0)( .

3

.

3 t t

t E h

E E nn

rnsV +

>>




• H`ym`ht`m êoheiom jùê8

• Ceiemkeėe jece othem jereŗ jùfù,

TV(rns)> EV(rns) . \V(rns)


• Jùê h`ts`yİsİ (fgsό)8

• Jù h`ts` İsİ h` m`ht`m

Hİyİfİ yìİtİn` (gll) joêteėemkoeso `hİnİm gin`kİėİjürùinohtoker.

\Vυt

\n

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

voreiom joreien eio h`ym`ht`mêoheiom `hİn `r`sİmk`he `êİmİm’fgs„ koėoreker. ŝohei-?.5―k`h`ym`h joreiene vo `hİnİ

jürùinohtoker.• Cur`k`m, hİyİfİ eiotenko (gm)

ehom l`z h`yn`sİ gin`kİėİjürùinohtoker.


EVυt

En




• @màt`r (trestür) joreiene8

• Ceiemkeėe jece, kovrokohuii`mİi`m jùê `màt`ri`rİmİm

joreiene, cigho ottehiore joreienemtopo koėoremo jüroaos`pi`mn`ht`kİr.

• @màt`ri r ùzoremkohe joreien- ―

@màt`r (trestür-trey`h) hİnİ8

Uemo ceiemkeėe jece, kovrokohuii`mİi`m jùê `màt`ri`rİmİm

ùzorioremkom joêereiom hİnİmtopo koėoremo jüroaos`pi`mn`ht`kİr.

@màt`ri`r ùzoremkohe hİn- ―.

jüro màt`r joreiene,• \[> \n + (%64.\n)> 0,6.\n

gi`r`h aos`pi`m`ceinohtoker.


\[ υt

\n

.jüro màt`r hİnİ,

E[> En + (%64.En)> 0,6.\n / S


E[ υt

En




• ŝohei-?.03―ko jürùiom kovrokoomkùhtel yùh huii`mİin`sİkurunumk`, üzoiiehio h`ym`h

lroh`msİm` y`hİm lroh`msi`rk`(04Az-?4Az) màt`ri`n`y`pİikİėİmk`, üzoiiehio yùhùmêgh omkùhtel gin`sİ

0 L`ziİ @ên`-H`p`n` Hgmtrgiiu@F \git`b Hgmtr. (omkùhtel yùh)8

ŝohei-?.03―ko 0 l`ziİ `ên`-

h`p`n` hgmtrgiiu trestüriù @Fvgit`b hgmtrgifu kovrosememomkùhtel yùhto c`ėi`mtİsİjürùinohtoker. Kovroko yùhotors p`rìoi sorcost joêeŗ

omorbemem cgŗìn`sİ mokomeyiotrestürior aonom yìİtİn`joêononohto vo kgi`yİsİyi`k` p`rìoiemkohe trestürùm ko

aonom eioteno joênosemoomjoi gin`ht`kİr.

• Kovroyo et kìj` ŗoheiioreŝohei-?.06-?.0;―ko voreineŗter.


keygku huii`mİi`n`n`ht`kİr.

ĴėmoTìs

Ùrotofe

ΰ2 4

Vymf

+

-[3

[0

[0

[3+\s-

+\g-

+ \[ -

Es, E[

Eg TZNùrotofe4-%044

Ĵzem

h




\V υt

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ\n

ŝohei-?.06―ko kovromem uy`rn`,ŝohei-?.0;―ko eso jùê kovrose kìj`ŗoheiiore oŗ z`n`miİ gi`r`h voreineŗter. \V

υt

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ\n

\

\G υt

\n

γ


υt\JH0

υt\JH3

υt\ĴRĴM

t0 t3 EV-[ υt

En

\[ υtγ

EG υt

En

γ




ŝohei-?.03―ko jürùiom ên`h`p`n` hgmtrgiiu @F vgit`bhgmtrgifu kovrosemem trey`h eioy`pİinİŗ gi`m vorseygmumumomkùhtel yùh ìtİmk` êìİŗn`sİŝohei-?.0? vo ?.0<―k` `yrİmtİiİgi`r`h jürùinohtoker.

\V υt

\n

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

υt\TZN

t0 t3


TZNÙrotofe3x%?4

h

+

-

+\s-

+\g-

+ \[ -

Es, E[

Eg

%4 -%044

\[ υt

\n

\G υt

n

γ

EV,[,G υt

Enγ




• Aor ehe kovrokom ko jürùikùėùjece, yùh omkùhtel gin`sİm`r`ėnom sorcost joêeŗ keygkuhuii`mİi`n`nİŗtİr. Cumummokome êİhİŗ joreienemem @Fgin`sİkİr. C`ėi`m`f`h gi`mkeygt a`mje yümko giurs` gisumhİs` kovroyo ygi `ê`f`htİr.

Cu kurunk` kà` ümfohekovroiorko gikuėu jece tonoikìj` ŗoheiioremkomy`r`ri`m`r`h jomoi oŗetiehiorêİh`rtİi`n`y`f`htİr.

Cumum mokome, yùhùmomkùhtelieh korofosemo jürokì ` ohiemem uz`n`sİ vo `

• Kìj` ŗoheiioremkom jürùikùėùjece, sorcost joêeŗ keygkuhuii`mİi`n`kİėİ eêem trestüriorvoy` trey`h yùh t`r`lİmk`m

l`zi`k`m eiotenko tutuin`ht` vo`mf`h yùhùm omorbese cetteėemko(’γ„ `êİsİmk`) trestür voy` trey`hyìİtİn` joêoceinohtoker.


hİsìn`sİkİr. Kùŗùh omkùhtelieėo sàep gi`m

yùhiorko cu kovroior `ymomhuii`mİiİp giuŗ`m kìj`

ŗoheiioremo jüro aos`pi`n`y`pİi`ceier. Uùhsoh omkùhtelyùhiorko eso hgmtrgiiu cersorcost joêeŗ huii`mİinìİkİr.




Ürmoh2 334\-?4Az ŗocohoko 04Az

lorh`msiİ %?4 othem porygtiuuy`rn`k` êìİŗtİrİi`m `ên`

h`p`n` hgmtrgiiu 0 l`ziİ @F hİyİfİkovrosemem,

`) 04ℬ―iuh rozestel cer yùhùcosiokeėemko giuŗ`f`h tùn kovro

@ên` h`p`n` hgmtrgiuyümtone emfoionoiorkom kojürùikùėù jece, hosehie y`pİsİjoroėe, @F vgit`b hgmtrgifui`rİmtonoi huii`mİn i`mi`rİmk`mgi`m ngtgr hgmtrgiumk` vo İŗİhhgmtrgiumk` huii`mİi`n`z.

Huii`mİikİ İ t`hterko ngtgri`rk`


, c) 04ℬ―iuh omkùhtel cer yùhù

cosiokeėemko giuŗ`f`h tùn kovrop`r`notroioreme aos`pi`yİmİz.


joreienemem othem koėore,

\G(rns)> \V(rns) . −h

hoseh hoseh omorbeiomnokomkgi`yİ porlgrn`ms h`ycİgiuŗur. @ymİ ŗoheiko İŗİėİmkùŗùh lroh`mst` y`mİp sümnose

hgmtrgi koėeiker. Cu yümton s`kofo İsİ

hgmtrgiumk` êgh vorenie gi`r`hhuii`mİin`ht`kİr.



\ ‖ @F/@F KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOSh> t0/(t0+t3)> %?4> 4,?

\G(rns)> 334\ . −4,?

\G(rns)> 0??,?<\

Êİhİŗ `hİnİ othem koėore,EG(rns)> \G(rns) / S> 0??,?< / 04

EG(rns)> 0?,?@

Othem êİhİŗ jùfù,



TV(rns)

> 0?,? . 334> 6,;0hZ

Sozestel yùhto màt`r (trestür-trey`h) joreiene,


TG(rns)> EG(rns).\G(rns)

TG(rns)> 0??,? . 0?,?> 3,;0hZ


En> \n /S> 334.−3 / 04> 60,0@

EV(rns)> (En / −3) . −h

EV(rns)> (60,0/0,;0) . −4,?

EV(rns)> 0?,?@

K n+\K ≯ 600 . 0,6 ≯ ;44\

Sozestel yùhto màt`r (trestür-

trey`h) hİnİ,EK ≯ \n /S + %64

EK ≯ 60,0 . 0,6 ≯ ;4@




• @F vgit`b hgmtrgifui`rk`huii`mİi`m ehemfe hgmtrgiyümtonemem ’l`z `êİsİ hgmtrgiu„yümtone gikuėumu coiertneŗteh.

• Cu yümtonko kovrokohuii`mİi`m trestürior voy` trey`haeê `r` vornokom tùnìtorm`msi rk` sùrohie gi`r`h

0 L`ziİ L`z @êİsİ Hgmtrgiiu @F\git`b Hgmtrgifu (rozestel yùhto)8

ŝohei-?.0:―ko 0 l`ziİ l`z `êİsİhgmtrgiiu @F vgit`b hgmtrgifukovro c`ėi`mtİsİ jürùinohtoker.Kovroyomem êìİŗn`sİmİjüstorom tonoi kìj` ŗoheiioreeso ŝohei-?.01―ko `yrİmtİiİ gi`r`h

uy`rİin`ht`kİr.• Êİhİŗ joreienemem koėeŗtereinose

eŗione eso trestür voy`trey`hi`rİm uy`rn` `êİi`rİmİm 4-

014² `r`sİmk` koėeŗtereinoseyiogin`ht`kİr. Eŗİh (kennor) vongtgr hgmtrgiumk` huii`mİi`mcu yümton y`mk` emfoiomneŗter.


voreineŗter.

ĴėmoTìs

Ùrotofe

ΰ

Vymf

+

-[3

[0

[0[3+

\s-

+\g-

+ \[ -

Es, E[

Eg

Ĵzem

’0„




ŝohei-?.01―kom jürùikùėù jeceaor ehe trestüro ko sùrohie gi`r`hhomke itorm`msi`rİmk` pìsvoreinohto vo uy`rİin`ht`kİr.

Aor ehe trestürùm ko uy`rn``êİi`rİ homke ìtorm`msi`rİeêemko 4˒ eio 014˒ `r`sİmk`` `ri`m`ceinohtoker.

υt\JH3

\Vυt

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ\n

υt\JH0

\n

ΰ ΰ


Cu s`yoko ko ŗoheikomjürùikùėù jece kovroêİhİŗİmk`he @F joreienem othemkoėore sİlİr eio h`ym`h joreiene

`r`sİmk` koėeŗtereioceinohtoker. ŝoheikom jürùikùėù jece

kovroko h`ym`h, `màt`r voyùh `hİni`rİ t`n`nom ymİkİr.

\G υt

\[υt

\n

EV-[-G υt

\n




ŝohei-?.0:―ko jürùiom l`z `êİsİhgmtrgiiu @F vgit`b hgmtrgifukovroseme, kùŗùh vo grt` jùêioreêem, ŝohei-?.05 vo ŝohei-?.34―ko jürùikùėù jece s`kofocer ’trey`h„ huii`m`r`h k`y`pn`h nùnhùm gin`ht`kİr.

\Vυt

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ\n

υt\n

\J@0 υt

ΰ ΰ


+\s-

+\g-

+ \[ -

Es, E[

Eg

ĴėmoTìs

Ùrotofe

ΰ

+

-

Vymf

Ĵzem’0„

G

\[υt

\n

EV-[-G υt

\n




• ŝohei-?.0: vo ?.05―k`mjürùikùėù jece 0 l`ziİ l`z `êİsİhgmtrgiiu @F vgit`b hgmtrgifukovrose aon cerceremo torsp`rìoi c`ėi`mnİŗ trestüriorioaon ko trey`h huii`m`r`hy`pİi`ceinohtoker.


ŝohei-?.01 vo ?.34―ko jürùiomtonoi kìj` ŗoheiioremkomy`r`ri`m`r`h kovroko jorohieaos`pi`nì`r y`pİi`ceier.Kovroko y`pİi`ceiofoh c`zİaos`pi`nì`r ŗumi`rkİr8


3 İhİ `hİnİmİm othem ko ore

pìs ùrotofe aor cer trestüro ètìtorm`msİm estomeiomkorofosemko (ΰ) uy`rİin`sİmİs`ėi`n`ht`kİr.

• [rey`h huii`mİikİėİk` eso yemo`ymİ trestür uy`rn` kovrosehuii`mİin`ht` vo trey`h aor eheìtorm`mst` k` uy`rİin`ht`kİr.


6) Othem (rns) êİhİŗ jùfù, ;) H`ym`ht`m êoheiom `hİnİm othem

koėore,







• Êİhİŗ joreienem othem koėore8

• 0 l`ziİ l`z êİsİ hgmtrgiiu @Fvgit`b hgmtrgifumum rozestelyùhto êìİŗtİrİin`sİmk`, yùhùzoremko ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-?.30―ko voreiom kìj` ŗohiememjürùiofoėeme coiertneŗteh.

•

∨>

[

grnsG kt t v[

\ 4

3

)( .)^(X0

∨>

τ

ΰ

υ υ

τ

)().(sem.0 33

)( t k t \ \

nrnsG

∨>

τ

ΰ

υ υ

τ

)().(sem3

3

)( t k t \

\ nrnsG



τ

ΰ

τ

^;

)(3sem3

.X3

)(t t \ \ n

rnsG ∓>

)^;

3sem

3()

;

3sem

3.X(

3

)(

ΰ ΰ τ τ

τ

∓∓∓> n

rnsG

\ \

)3

3sem

00.(

3

3

)(

ΰ ΰ τ

τ

+∓> n

rnsG

\ \

τ

ΰ

τ

ΰ

3

3sem0)()( +∓> rnsV rnsG \ \

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

υt\G

\n

ΰ ΰ

[




• Êİhİŗ `hİnİmİm othem koėore8

• 0 l`ziİ l`z êİsİ hgmtrgiiu @Fvgit`b hgmtrgifumum rozestelyùhto êìİŗtİrİin`sİmk`, yùhùzoremkom ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-?.33―ko voreiom hİnİmjoêofoėeme coiertneŗteh.

•

∨>

[

grnsG kt t e[

E 4

3

)( .)^(X0

∨>

τ

ΰ

υ υ

τ

)().(sem.0 33

)( t k t E E nrnsG

∨>

τ

ΰ

υ υ

τ

)().(sem3

3

)( t k t

E E n

rnsG



τ

ΰ

τ

^;

)(3sem3

.X3

)(t t E E n

rnsG ∓>

)^;

3sem

3()

;

3sem

3.X(

3

)(

ΰ ΰ τ τ

τ

∓∓∓> n

rnsG

E E

)3

3sem

00.(

3

3

)(

ΰ ΰ τ

τ

+∓> n

rnsG

E E

S

\ E E

rnsGnrnsG

)(

)(3

3sem0

3>+∓>

τ

ΰ

τ

ΰ

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

υtEG

En

ΰ ΰ

[




• Othem êİhİŗ jùfù8

• Ceiemkeėe jece othem êİhİŗ jùfù,

TG(rns)> EG(rns) . \G(rns)




∨>

[

srnsV kt t e[

E 4

3

)( .)^(X0

∨>

τ

ΰ

υ υ

τ

)().(sem.0 33

)( t k t E E

nrnsV

∨>

τ

ΰ

υ υ

τ

)().(sem3

3

)( t k t

E E n

rnsV

ŝohei-?.36―kohe jece gikuėumucoiertneŗteh. Cum` jüro,

N.Mofkot UEIKERJÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE 3;

τ

ΰ

τ

^;

)(3sem3

.X3

)(t t E E n

rnsV ∓>

)^;

3sem

3()

;

3sem

3.X(

3

)(

ΰ ΰ τ τ

τ

∓∓∓> n

rnsV

E E

)3

3sem

00.(

3

3

)(

ΰ ΰ τ

τ

+∓> n

rnsV

E E

τ

ΰ

τ

ΰ

3

3sem0

3)( +∓>

nrnsV

E E

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

υtEV

En

ΰ ΰ

[




• H`ym`ht`m êoheiom jùê8

• Ceiemkeėe jece othem jereŗ jùfù,

TV(rns)> EV(rns) . \V(rns)

oŗetieėemkom cuium`ceinohtoker.• Jùê h`ts`yİsİ (fgsό)8

• Jùê h`ts`yİsİ h`ym`ht`mvoreiom joreien eio h`ym`ht`m

Cu kurunk` jùê h`ts`yİsİ,

fgsό> fgs(ΰ /3)

gi`f`htİr.

\Vυt

\n

τ 3τ 6τ ;τΰ

êoheiom `hİn `r`sİmk`he `êİmİm’fgs„ koėoreker. ŝohei-?.3;―koh`ym`h joreiene vo `hİnİjürùinohtoker. Cur`k`m, kovro

êİhİŗİmk`he yùhùm rozestelgin`sİm` r`ėnom ’ό„ h`k`riİhcer l`z h`yn`sİmİm gikuėujürùinohtoker

N.Mofkot UEIKERJÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE 3?

ό

υtEV

En

EV0




• @màt`r (trestür) joreiene8

• Ceiemkeėe jece, kovrokohuii`mİi`m jùê `màt`ri`rİmİmjoreiene, cigho ottehiore joreienemtopo koėoremo jüroaos`pi`mn`ht`kİr.


@màt`r (trestür-trey`h) hİnİ8

Uemo ceiemkeėe jece, kovrokohuii`mİi`m jùê `màt`ri`rİmİmùzorioremkom joêereiom hİnİmtopo koėoremo jüroaos`pi`mn`ht`kİr.




N.Mofkot UEIKERJÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE 3<

.jüro màt`r hİnİ,

E[> En + (%64.En)> 0,6.\n / S

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

υtE[

En

ΰ ΰ

[

\[υt

\n




• ŝohei-?.3:―ko jürùiom kovrokoomkùhtel yùh huii`mİin`sİkurunumk`, üzoiiehio yùhùm

êgh omkùhtel gin`sİkuruni`rİmk`, yùh ùzoremkoheomorbemem cgŗìn`sİ mokomeyiotrestürior aonom yìİtİn`

0 L`ziİ L`z @êİsİ Hgmtrgiiu @F\git`b Hgmtr. (omkùhtel yùhto)8

ŝohei-?.3:―ko 0 l`ziİl`z `êİsİhgmtrgiiu trestüriù @F vgit`bhgmtrgifu kovrosemem omkùhtelyùhto c`ėi`mtİsİ jürùinohtoker.Kovroko yemo yùho tors p`rìoigi`r`h c`ėi`m`m sorcost joêeŗ

k` p`rìoiemkohe trestürùm koaonom eioteno joênosemoomjoi gin`ht`kİr. Cu kurunk`koro s`mhe y`rİn kìj`

hgmtrgiiu kgėruitufuynuŗ jeceêìİŗn`ht`kİr.

• Kovroyo et kìj` ŗoheiioreŝohei-?.31―ko voreineŗter.


keygku huii`mİi`n`n`ht`kİr.

ĴėmoTìs

Ùrotofe

ΰ

Vymf

+

-[3

[0

[0[3+

\s-

+\g-

+ \[ -

Es, E[

Eg

Ĵzem’0„




ŝohei-?.31―kom jürùikùėù jeceh`ym`ėİm pgzetel ìtor`msİmİhgmtrgi okom [0 trestürù

y`hi`ŗİh <4 korofoko (ΰ)uy`rİinİŗ vo eioteno joêneŗter.

@itorm`ms sgmumk` trestüryìİtİn` joênoh estonosemo

\V υt

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ\n

\G υt

\n

γ

ΰ ΰ

γ


sİlİr` kùŗnonose mokomeyio ’γ„`êİsİm` h`k`r eiotenemo kov`notneŗter.

γ `êİsİ, yùhùm omkùhtelieėemo

jüro koėeŗnohtoker. Cukurunk` moj`tel itorm`mst`êìİŗn`sİ jorohom [3 trestürùuy`rİi`n`n`ht`kİr.EV-[

υt

En

\[ υt

\n

γ

EG υt

En

γ

γ

γ




ŝohei-?.3:―ko jürùiom ên`h`p`n` hgmtrgiiu @F vgit`bhgmtrgifu kovrosemem trey`h eioy`pİinİŗ gi`m vorseygmumum

omkùhtel yùh ìtİmk` êìİŗn`sİŝohei-?.35 vo ?.64―k` `yrİmtİiİgi`r`h jürùinohtoker.

\V υt

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ\n

\G υt

\n

γ

ΰ ΰ

γ


ĴėmoTìs

Ùrotofe

ΰ

+

-

+\s-

+\g-

+ \[ -

Es, E[

Eg

Ĵzem

’0„

EV-[ υt

En

\[ υt

\n

γ

EG υt

En

γ

γ

γ




• Aor ehe kovrokom ko jürùikùėùjece, yùh omkùhtel gin`sİm`r`ėnom sorcost joêeŗ keygkuhuii`mİi`n`nİŗtİr. Cumum

mokome yemo êİhİŗ joreienemem@F gin`sİkİr. C`ėi`m`f`h gi`mkeygt a`mje yümko giurs` gisumhİs` kovroyo ygi `ê`f`htİr.

Cu kurunk` kà` ümfohekovroiorko gikuėu jece tonoikìj` ŗoheiioremkomy`r`ri`m`r`h jomoi oŗetiehior

êİh`rtİi`n`y`f`htİr. Cumum mokome, yùhùm

omkùhtelieh korofosemo jürokì ` ohiemem uz`n`sİ vo `

• Kìj` ŗoheiioremkom jürùikùėùjece, sorcost joêeŗ keygkuhuii`mİi`n`kİėİ eêem trestüriorvoy` trey`h yùh t`r`lİmk`m

l`zi`k`m eiotenko tutuin`ht` vo`mf`h yùhùm omorbese cetteėemko(’γ„ `êİsİmk`) trestür voy` trey`hyìİtİn` joêoceinohtoker.


hİsìn`sİkİr. Kùŗùh omkùhtelieėo sàep gi`m

yùhiorko cu kovroior `ymomhuii`mİiİp giuŗ`m kìj`

ŗoheiioremo jüro aos`pi`n`y`pİi`ceier. Uùhsoh omkùhtelyùhiorko eso hgmtrgiiu cersorcost joêeŗ huii`mİinìİkİr.




Ürmoh2 334\-?4Az ŗocohoko 54 korofoieh

uy`rn` `êİsİmk` êìİŗtİrİi`m l`z`êİsİ hgmtrgiiu 0 l`ziİ @F hİyİfİ,



\G(rns)> 334 . −4,? > 0?;\

Êİhİŗ `hİnİ othem koėore,

EG(rns)> \G(rns) / S> 0?; / 04

EG(rns)> 0?,;@

τ τ

τ

3

54.3sem3 / 0334)( +∓>rnsG\


cosiokeėemko giuŗ`f`h tùn kovrop`r`notroioreme aos`pi`yİmİz.



τ

ΰ

τ

ΰ

3

3sem0)()( +∓> rnsV rnsG \ \

Othem êİhİŗ jùfù,TG(rns)> EG(rns).\G(rns)

TG(rns)> 0?,; . 0?;> 3,6:hZ


EV(rns)> 60,0/0,;0 . −4,? > 0?,;@

τ

ΰ

τ

ΰ

3

3sem0

3)( +∓>

nrnsV

E E



\ ‖ @F/@F KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS Sozestel yùhto h`ym`ht`m

êoheiom othem jùê,


TV(rns)> 0?,; . 334> 6,61hZ

Sozestel yùhto màt`r (trestür-trey`h) joreiene,

c) Omkùhtel yùhto êİhİŗ joreienemem othem koėore,

• Kà` ümfo ko `êİhi`mkİėİ jece,omkùhtel yùhto mgrn i gi`r`hsorcost joêeŗ keygku huii`mnènh`mİ gin`kİėİmk`m, yùhùmùzoremkohe omorbemem otheseyio

ù `màt`rİ l`zi`k`m eiotenko


K n+\K ≯ 600 . 0,6 ≯ ;44\


trey`h) hİnİ,EK ≯ \n /S + %64

EK ≯ 60,0 . 0,6 ≯ ;4@

hì`f`h vo tors yümkoheeioteneme jorêohioŗteronoenh`mİ gin`y`f`htİr. Cukurunk` kìj` ŗohie

cgzui`f`ėİmk`m yùhùmcùyùhiùėùmo jüro giuŗ`f`h ’γ„koėoremo jüro aos`p y`pn`hjorohofohter.



ÜKO\-00

00.0) 334\-?4Az ŗocohoko, 04Az-%?4 othem porygti` uy`rn`k`, ?ℬ―iuhs`l rozestel cer yùhù cosioyom 0 l`ziİ `ên`-h`p`n` hgmtrgiiu @Fhİyİfİmİm,

`) Kovro ŗon`sİmİ t`n gi`r`h êezemez, `hİn vo joreien yümioreme kovroùzoremko jüstoremez.c) Kovromem tonoi kìj` ŗoheiioreme koėorioreyio ceriehto êezemez.f) Êezeiom kìj` ŗoheiioremo jüro tonoi p`r`notroiore aos`pi`yİmİz.

00.3) 334\-?4Az ŗocohoko, ;?² uy`rn` `êİsİmk`, 0?ℬ―iuh s`l rozestelyùhù cosioyom 0 l`ziİ l`z `êİsİ hgmtrgiiu @F hİyİfİmİm,`) Kovro ŗon`sİmİ t`n gi`r`h êezemez, `hİn vo joreien yümioreme kovro

ùzoremko jüstoremez.c) Kovromem tonoi kìj` ŗoheiioreme koėorioreyio ceriehto êezemez.f) Êezeiom kìj` ŗoheiioremo jüro tonoi p`r`notroiore aos`pi`yİmİz.





• 6 L@RIE @F HEUEFEI@S2• 0 l`ziİ @F hİyİfİi`r, kà` ümfo ko

coierteikeėe jece, kùŗùh jùêiù İsİtİfİhgmtrgiu, `ykİmi`tn` hgmtrgiu vo

ngtgr hgmtrgiumk` huii`mİin`ht`kİr.Grt` vo yùhsoh jùêtohe comzoruyjui`nì`rk` eso `ŗ`ėİk` jürùiom6 l`ziİ @F hİyİfİi`r huii`mİin`ht`kİr.

6 L`ziİ @ên`-H`p`n` Hgmtrgiiu@F \git`b Hgmtrgifu (yİikİz c`ėiİrozestel yùhto)8

ŝohei-?.60―ko 6 l`ziİ `ên`-h`p`n`

hgmtrgiiu @F vgit`b hgmtrgifu kovroc`ėi`mtİsİ jürùinohtoker. _y`rn`kovrosemkohe ’H„ eŗ`rotie cighi`r’eėmo pìs ùrotofe„ker.


M

@

C

F

\`m

\cm

\fm

S`

Sc

Sf

[0

[6

[?

[;

[<

[3

[;

[6

[<

[?

[3

Vymf-@

Vymf-C

Vymf-F

Ĵzem Jmk

Twn

ΰ> 4²

l h

Jùê Kovr. _y`rn` Kovr. +

-

+

-+

-

Es

Eg

- \s +

+ \g -




• Cer l`ziİ uyjui`nì`rk`mceiemkeėe jece kùŗùh vo grt`jùêiorko tors p`rìoi c`ėiİtrestürior yoremo trey`h huii`mİnİ

kà` uyjum gin`ht`kİr. @ymİkurun 6 l`z uyjui`nì`rİ eêemko joêorieker.

ŝohei-?.63―ko 6 l`ziİ `ên`-h`p`n` hgmtrgiiu @F vgit`bhgmtrgifu kovro c`ėi`mtİsİmİmtrey`hi`r huii`mİi`r`h y`pİin`sİ

jürùinohtoker. ŝohei-?.66―ko esokovromem êìİŗn`sİmİ jüstoromkìj` ŗoheiiore voreineŗter.

Jù Kovr. _ `rn` Kovr.


M

@

C

F

\`m

\cm

\fm

S`

Sc

Sf

[0

[3

[6

Gptgf.Jmk

Twn

l h

Sj [0

[3

[6Es

Eg- \s +

+ \g -




\V(l`z)

υt

υt\TZN

t0 t3

\n

`m cm fm


υt

EV`,[0,G` υt

\[0 υt

\G(`cf)




• ŝohei-?.60 vo ?.63―komjürùikùėù jece yİikİz yùhto`ên` h`p`n` hgmtrgiiu @Fvgit`b hgmtrgifu kovrose ko aon

cerceremo tors p`rìoi c`ėi`mnİŗ trestüriorio aon ko trey`hhuii`m`r`h y`pİi`ceinohtoker.


ŝohei-?.66 jürùiom tonoi kìj`ŗoheiioremkom y`r`ri`m`r`hkovroko jorohie aos`pi`nì`ry`pİi`ceier. Kovroko

y`pİi`ceiofoh c`zİaos`pi`nì`r ŗumi`rkİr8



pìs ùrotofe itorm`msİm aonomc`ŗİmk` pìs ùrotofoh ŗoheiko`y`ri`mİp, ezem jereŗe cer TZNsemyìe eio hgmtrgi okeinohtoker.




koėore,







• Uùh joreienem othem koėore8• 6 l`ziİ ên`-h`p`n` hgmtrgiiu

@F vgit`b hgmtrgifumum rozestelyùhto êìİŗtİrİin`sİmk`, aor yùhùzoremko ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-?.6;―ko voreiom kìj` ŗohiememjürùiofoėeme coiertneŗteh.

•

∨>

[

grnsG kt t v[

h \

4

3

)( .)^(X

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ

3

4

33

)(

)().(sem.3

t k t \ h

\ nrnsG

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ

3

4

3

3

)(

)( )().(sem3

).3.(t k t

\ h \

rnsV

rnsG



τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

\G υt

\n

t0 t3

τ υ υ

τ

3

4

3

)(

)( ^;

)(3sem

3.X

3

.3. t t \ h \ rnsV

rnsG ∓>

)^4()43

3.X(

. 3

)(

)( ∓∓> τ

τ

rnsV

rnsG

\ h \

3

)(

3

)(

)( .)0

.(.

rnsV

rnsV

rnsG \ h \ h

\ >> τ

τ

30

0)()()( ..

t t


+>>




• Uùh hİnİmİm othem koėore8• 6 l`ziİ ên`-h`p`n` hgmtrgiiu

@F vgit`b hgmtrgifumum rozestelyùhto êìİŗtİrİin`sİmk`, aor yùhùzoremkom ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-?.6?―ko kìj` ŗohie voreiom`hİnİm joêofoėeme coiertneŗteh.

•

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ

3

4

33

)( )().(sem.3

t k t E h

E nrnsG

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ

3

4

3

3

)( )().(sem3. t k t E h E n

rnsG

τ υ υ 3

3)(3sem

.. t t E h

E n∓>



τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

EG υt

En

t0 t3

;33

rns

)^4()43

3.X(

3

. 3

)( ∓∓> τ

τ

nrnsG

E h E

3.)

0.(

3.

33

)(nn

rnsG E h E h E >> τ

τ

h S\

h E

E nnrnsG

3

/

3)( >>




• Othem êİhİŗ jùfù8• [gpi`n othem êİhİŗ jùfù,

TG(rns)> 6 . EG(rns) . \G(rns)




∨>

[

V rnsV kt t e[

h E

4

3

)( .)^(X

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ

3

4

33

)( )().(sem.

3

t k t E h

E nrnsV

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ

3

4

3

3

)( )().(sem3

).(t k t

E h E n

rnsV

ŝohei-?.6<―k`he jece gikuėumucoiertneŗteh. Cum` jüro,

N.Mofkot UEIKERJÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE ;4

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

EV υt

En

t0 t3

τ υ υ

τ

3

4

3

)( ^;

)(3sem3

.X3. t t E h E n

rnsV ∓>

)^4()43

3.X(

3

. 3

)( ∓∓> τ

τ

nrnsV

E h E

3

.)

0.(

3

. 33

)(

nnrnsV

E h E h E >>

τ

τ

h S\

h E

E nnrnsV .

3

/ .

3)( >>




• H`ym`ht`m êoheiom jùê8• [gpi`n othem jereŗ jùfù,

TV(rns)> 6 . EV(rns) . \V(rns)





\Vυt

\n

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

voreiom joreien eio h`ym`ht`mêoheiom `hİn `r`sİmk`he `êİmİm’fgs„ koėoreker. ŝohei-?.6:―koh`ym`h joreiene vo `hİnİ

jürùinohtoker. Cur`k`m, hİyİfİeiotenko (gm) ehom l`z h`yn`sİgin`kİėİ `êİh gi`r`hjürùinohtoker.


EV υt

En




• @màt`r (trestür) joreiene8• Ceiemkeėe jece, kovroko

huii`mİi`m jùê `màt`ri`rİmİmjoreiene, cigho ottehiore joreienem

topo koėoremo jüroaos`pi`mn`ht`kİr.


@màt`r (trestür-trey`h) hİnİ8 Uemo ceiemkeėe jece, kovroko

huii`mİi`m jùê `màt`ri`rİmİmùzorioremkom joêereiom hİnİm






\[ υt

\n

.

jüro màt`r hİnİ, E[> En + (%64.En)> 0,6.\n / S


E[ υtEn




• Ceiemkeėe jece 6 l`ziİ sestonkoyùhior yİikİz c`ėi`m`ceikeėe jece,kà` yùhsoh jùê oioko okoceinoh`n`fİyi` ùêjom gi`r`h k`

c`ė

i`mn`ht`kİr. Cu kurunk` @Fhİyİfİ kovro c`ėi`mtİsİ k`koėeŗofohter. Ùêjom c`ėi`mtİkurunu `ŗ`ėİk` jüstoreineŗter.

6 L`ziİ @ên`-H`p`n` Hgmtrgiiu@F \git`b Hgmtrgifu (ùêjomc`ėiİ rozestel yùhto)8

ŝohei-?.;4―k` 6 l`ziİ `ên`-h`p`n`

hgmtrgiiu @F vgit`b hgmtrgifu kovroc`ėi`mtİsİ jürùinohtoker. _y`rn`kovrosemkohe ’H„ eŗ`rotie cighi`r’eėmo pìs ùrotofe„ker.


M

@

C

F

\`m

\cm

\fm

S`

Sc

Sf

[0

[6

[?

[;

[<

[3

[;

[6

[<

[?

[3

Vymf-@

Vymf-C

Vymf-F

Ĵzem Jmk

Twn

ΰ> 4²

l h

. .

+-

+

-+

-

Es Eg

- −6.\s +

+ \g -




• Cer l`ziİ uyjui`nì`rk`mceiemkeėe jece kùŗùh vo grt`jùêiorko tors p`rìoi c`ėiİtrestürior yoremo trey`h huii`mİnİ

kà` uyjum gin`ht`kİr. @ymİkurun 6 l`z uyjui`nì`rİ eêemko joêorieker.

ŝohei-?.;0―ko 6 l`ziİ `ên`-h`p`n` hgmtrgiiu @F vgit`bhgmtrgifu kovro c`ėi`mtİsİmİmtrey`hi`r huii`mİi`r`h y`pİin`sİ

jürùinohtoker. ŝohei-?.;3―ko esokovromem êìİŗn`sİmİ jüstoromkìj` ŗoheiiore voreineŗter.



M

@

C

F

\`m

\cm

\fm

S`

Sc

Sf

[0

[3

[6

Gptgf.

Jmk

Twn

l h

Sj [0

[3

[6

Es

Eg

- −6.\s +

+ \g -




\V(a`t)

υt

υt\TZN

t0 t3

−6\n`c cf f`


υt

EV`,[0,G` υt

\[0 υt

\G(`cf)




• ŝohei-?.;4 vo ?.;0―komjürùikùėù jece ùêjom yùhto`ên` h`p`n` hgmtrgiiu @Fvgit`b hgmtrgifu kovrose ko aon



ŝohei-?.;3 jürùiom tonoi kìj`ŗoheiioremkom y`r`ri`m`r`hkovroko jorohie aos`pi`nì`ry`pİi`ceier. Kovroko




pìs ùrotofe itorm`msİm aonomc`ŗİmk` pìs ùrotofoh ŗoheiko`y`ri`mİp, ezem jereŗe cer TZNsemyìe eio hgmtrgi okeinohtoker.




koėore,







• Uùh joreienem othem koėore8• 6 l`ziİ ên`-h`p`n` hgmtrgiiu

@F vgit`b hgmtrgifumum rozestelyùhto êìİŗtİrİin`sİmk`, aor yùh

ùzoremko ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-?.;6―ko voreiom kìj` ŗohiememjürùiofoėeme coiertneŗteh.

•

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ

3

4

33

)( )().(sem.).6(3

t k t \ h

\ nrnsG

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ

3

4

3

3

)()( )().(sem

3

).36.(t k t

\ h \ rnsV

rnsG

τ υ υ 3

3

)(^)(3sem

.X.3.6. t t \ h

\ rnsV

∓>


N.Mofkot UEIKERJÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE ;:

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

\G υt

−6.\n

t0 t3

τ ;33

)^4()43

3.X(

.6. 3

)(

)( ∓∓> τ

τ

rnsV

rnsG

\ h \

3)(

3

)()( .6.)

0.(

.6.rnsV

rnsV rnsG \ h

\ h \ >>

τ

τ

30

0)()()( ..6..6

t t


+>>




• Uùh hİnİmİm othem koėore8• 6 l`ziİ ên`-h`p`n` hgmtrgiiu

@F vgit`b hgmtrgifumum rozestelyùhto êìİŗtİrİin`sİmk`, aor yùh

ùzoremkom ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-?.;;―ko kìj` ŗohie voreiom`hİnİm joêofoėeme coiertneŗteh.

•

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ

3

4

33

)( )().(sem.3

t k t E h

E nrnsG

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ

3

4

3

3

)( )().(sem3. t k t E h E n

rnsG

τ υ υ 3

3)(3sem. t t E h n

∓>



τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

EG υt

En

t0 t3

4)(

;3

.

3

rnsG

)^4()43

3.X(

3

. 3

)( ∓∓> τ

τ

nrnsG

E h E

3.)

0.(

3.

33

)(nn

rnsG E h E h E >> τ

τ

h S\

h E

E nnrnsG

3

/ .6

3)( >>






• H`ym`ht`m êoheiom jùê8• [gpi`n othem jereŗ jùfù,






\Vυt

−6.\n

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

voreiom joreien eio h`ym`ht`mêoheiom `hİn `r`sİmk`he `êİmİm’fgs„ koėoreker. ŝohei-?.;<―k`h`ym`h joreiene vo `hİnİjürùinohtoker. Cur`k`m, hİyİfİeiotenko (gm) ehom l`z h`yn`sİgin`kİėİ `êİh gi`r`hjürùinohtoker.


EV υt

−6.En




• @màt`r (trestür) joreiene8• Ceiemkeėe jece, kovroko




@màt`r (trestür-trey`h) hİnİ8 Uemo ceiemkeėe jece, kovroko




jüro màt`r joreiene,• \[> −6.\n + %64



\[ υt

−6.\n

.

jüro màt`r hİnİ, E[> (−6.\n / S) + %64


E[ υtEn




Êİhİŗ `hİnİ othem koėore,EG(rns)> \G(rns) / S> 0?; / 04

EG(rns)> 0?,;@


TG(rns)> 6 . EG(rns).\G(rns)

TG(rns)> 6 . 0?; . 0?,;> :,00hZ


> > >

Ürmoh2 614\/334\-?4Az ŗocohoko 04Az

lorh`msiİ %?4 othem porygtiuuy`rn`k` êìİŗtİrİi`m `ên`

h`p`n` hgmtrgiiu 6 l`ziİ yİikİzc`ėiİ @F hİyİfİ kovrosemem,

`) 04ℬ―iuh rozestel cer yùhùcosiokeėemko giuŗ`f`h tùn kovro


. ,

EV(rns)> (En / −3) . −hEV(rns)> (60,0 / −3) . −4,?

EV(rns)> 0?,;@

Sozestel yùhto h`ym`ht`m êoheiom

othem jùê,TV(rns)> 6 . EV(rns).\V(rns)

TV(rns)> 6 . 0?,; . 334> 04,0<hZ

gi`r`h cuiumur.

.

c) @ymİ ürmoėe 6 l`ziİ ùêjom c`ėiİ@F hİyİfİ kovrose eêem tohr`ry`pİmİz.

Êüzùn2 `) Uİikİz c`ėiİ rozestel yùhto êİhİŗ


\G(rns)> \V(rns) . −h

\G(rns)> 334 . −(4,?)> 0?;\




• Sozestel yùhto màt`r (trestür-trey`h) joreiene,

\K ≯ \n+ %64

\K ≯ 600 . 0,6 ≯ ;44\

• Sozestel yùhto màt`r (trestür-trey`h) hİnİ,

c) Ùêjom c`ėiİ rozestel yùhto êİhİŗ joreienemem othem koėore,

\G(rns)> −6 . \V(rns) . −h

\G(rns)> −6 . 334 . −(4,?)> 3<<,;\

Êİhİŗ `hİnİ othem koėore,EG(rns)> \G(rns) / S> 3<< / 04

EG(rns)> 3<,<@



K n +

EK ≯ 60,0 . 0,6 ≯ ;4@

• MG[2 Uİikİz c`ėi`mtİk` jùê

oion`mi`rİ kgėruk`m l`zjoreiene eio h`rŗİi`ŗn`ht`kİr. Cumokomio ko `hİn vo joreiencoierionose y`pİiİrhom l`zjoreiene kehh`to ìİmn`ht`kİr.

TG(rns)> 6 . EG(rns).\G(rns)TG(rns)> 6 . 3<< . 3<,<> 30,33hZ


En> \n /S> 614.−3 / 04> ?6,:@

EV(rns)> (En / −3) . −hEV(rns)> (?6,: / −3) . −4,?

EV(rns)> 3<,<@

gi`r`h cuiumur.




• Sozestel yùhto h`ym`ht`mêoheiom othem jùê,


TV(rns)> 6 . 3<,< . 614>64,63hZ


MG[2 Ùêjom c`ėi`mtİk` jùêoion`mi`rİ kgėruk`m a`tjoreiene eio h`rŗİi`ŗn`ht`kİr. Cumokomio ko `hİn vo joreien

coierionose y`pİiİrhom a`tjoreiene kehh`to ìİmn`ht`kİr.


r y` jor n ,

\[ ≯ \n+ %64

\[ ≯ ?6: . 0,6 ≯ :44\


trey`h) hİnİ,E[ ≯ \n /S + %64

E[ ≯ ?6,: . 0,6 ≯ :4@

gi`r`h cuiumur.




• Ceiemkeėe jece, `ên` h`p`n`hgmtrgiu ygėum gi`r`h İsİtİfİhgmtrgiumk` huii`mİin`ht`kİr. 6l`ziİ ngtgr hgmtrgiu vo yùhsohjùêiù İŗİh hgmtrgi y`pn`h eêem eso`ŗ`ėİk` jürùikùėù jece l`z `êİsİhgmtrgiiu @F hİyİfİi`r huii`mn`hjorohnohtoker.

6 L`ziİ L`z @êİsİ Hgmtrgiiu @F\git`b Hgmtrgifu (yİikİz c`ėiİrozestel yùhto)8

ŝohei-?.;5―k` 6 l`ziİ l`z `êİsİhgmtrgiiu @F vgit`b hgmtrgifu kovroc`ėi`mtİsİ jürùinohtoker. _y`rn`kovrosemkohe ’H„ eŗ`rotie cighi`r’eėmo pìs ùrotofe„ker.


M

@

C

F

\`m

\cm

\fm

S`

Sc

Sf

[0

[6

[?

[;

[<

[3

[;

[6

[<

[?

[3

Vymf-@

Vymf-C

Vymf-F

Ĵzem Jmk

Twn

ΰ> 4² eio 014² `y`riİ

l h

Jùê Kovr. _y`rn` Kovr.

+

-

+

-+

-

Es

Eg

- \s +

+ \g -

ĴRĴM > 0Cu jereŗ sùrohie`htel ’0„

tutui`r`hhgmtrgi’ΰ„ `êİsİeio y`pİiİr.




• 0 l`ziİ uyjui`nì rk`m ceiemkeėejece kùŗùh vo grt` jùêiorkotors p`rìoi c`ėiİ trestürioryoremo trey`h huii`mİnİ kà`

uyjum gin`ht`kİr. @ymİ kurun6 l`z uyjui`nì`rİ eêem kojoêorieker.

ŝohei-?.?4―ko 6 l`ziİ `ên`-h`p`n` hgmtrgiiu @F vgit`bhgmtrgifu kovro c`ėi`mtİsİmİmtrey`hi`r huii`mİi`r`h y`pİin`sİjürùinohtoker. ŝohei-?.?0―ko esokovromem êìİŗn`sİmİ jüstoromkìj` ŗoheiiore voreineŗter.


M

@

C

F

\`m

\cm

\fm

S`

Sc

Sf

[0

[3

[6

[0

[6

Vymf-@

Vymf-C

Vymf-F

ΰ> 4² eio 014² `y`riİ

. .

+-

+

-

+

-Es

Eg

- \s +

+ \g -

[3




• ŝohei-?.;5 vo ?.?4―komjürùikùėù jece yİikİz yùhto l`z`êİsİ hgmtrgiiu @F vgit`bhgmtrgifu kovrose ko aon


•

\V(l`z)

υt

υt\pìs[0-[;

\n `m cm fm

ΰ [0-eit. [;-eit. [0-eit.


ko trey`hiİ uyjui n`k` uy`rn`kovrosemko eėmo pìs ùrotefeiorhuii`mİinİŗtİr. Ĵėmo pìsior aorl`z eêem `yrİ `yrİ ùroteinohto vo

`màt`ri`r` uyjui`mn`ht`kİr.• Cu yümtonko hgmtrgi esototehiono êİsİmİm y`ri`mn`sİeio gin`ht`kİr, ŝohei-?.?0.

υt

υt

υt\pìs[6-[<

\pìs[?-[3

\G (S`)

4,?

\`c

4,?

\`f

4,?

\`c

4,?

\`f

[<-eit. [6-eit. [<-eit.

[? [3-eit. [?-eit. 3

−6.\n /3




• ŝohei-?.?0―kom jürùikùėù jece,aor trestür homkesemo et gi`mìtorm`msİm ([0„@+„, [;„@-„,[6„C+„, [<„C-„, [?„F+„, [3„F-)

54. korofosemko (ΰ) uy`rİinİŗ vo eioteno joênoses`ėi`mnİŗtİr.

• Ürmoh gi`r`h eziomom S`

ŝohei-?.?0 jürùiom tonoi kìj`ŗoheiioremkom y`r`ri`m`r`hkovroko jorohie aos`pi`nì`ry`pİi`ceier. Kovroko




keromfe ùzoremkohe êİhİŗ l`zjoreienemo c`hİikİėİmk` a`tjoreienioremem y`rİ jomieėemkogiuŗtuėu jüziomnohtoker.

• Cumum mokome aor <4 korofoieh`rìİht` s`kofo 3 oion`mİmeiotenko hìn`sİ vo joreienem 3yùh ùzoremko p`yi`ŗİin`sİkİr.



koėore,


<) Kovromem vorene, :) Kovromem jùê h`ts`yİsİ,

1) @màt`r joreieniore,





• 0) Uùh joreienem othem koėore8• 6 l`ziİ l z êİsİ hgmtrgiiu @F

vgit b hgmtrgifumum rozestelyùhto êìİŗtİrİin`sİmk`, aor yùh

ùzoremko ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-?.?3―ko voreiom kìj` ŗohiememjürùiofoėeme coiertneŗteh.

•

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ

3

4

3

)( )(.)^sem(.X3

0t k t \ \ nrnsG

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ

3

4

33

)( )().(sem3 t k t

\

\

n

rnsG

g

?54 ≫≫ΰ

3sem0



\G υt

−6.\n /34,?\`c

4,?\`f

4,?\`c

4,?\`f

τ τ 1;<

.)( +∓> V rnsG

g

15<4 ≫≫ΰ

τ

ΰ

τ

ΰ

0<

3fgs6

0<

3sem6

03

0.<)( ++> V rnsG \ \

g

0?454 ≫≫ΰ

τ

ΰ

τ

ΰ

τ

ΰ

0<

3fgs6

0<

3sem

;3;

?.<)( +++> V rnsG \ \




• 3) Uùh hİnİmİm othem koėore8• 6 l`ziİ l z êİsİ hgmtrgiiu @F

vgit b hgmtrgifumum rozestelyùhto êìİŗtİrİin`sİmk`, aor yùh

ùzoremkom ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-?.?6―ko voreiom kìj` ŗohiemko`hİn jürùiofoėeme coiertneŗteh.

•

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ

3

4

3

)( )(.)^sem(). / X(3

0t k t S\ E nrnsG

∨>

τ

υ υ τ

3

4

33

)( )().(sem3

) / (

t k t

S\

E n

rnsG

g

?54 ≫≫ΰ


N.Mofkot UEIKERJÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE <4

EG υt

−6.\n /3S

τ τ 1;<) / .<(

)( +∓> S\ E

V rnsG

g

15<4 ≫≫ΰ

τ

ΰ

τ

ΰ

0<

3fgs6

0<

3sem6

03

0) / .<()( ++> S\ E V rnsG

voy`

S

\ E

rnsG

rnsG

)(

)( >




• 6) Othem êİhİŗ jùfù8• [gpi`n othem êİhİŗ jùfù,



• ;) H`ym`h hİnİ othem koėore8


∨>

τ

υ υ

τ

3

4

3

)( )(.)^sem(). / .6X(3

0t k t S\ E nrnsV

∨>

τ

υ υ τ

3

4

33

)( )().(sem3

) / .6(

t k t

S\

E n

rnsV

g

?54 ≫≫ΰ

ŝohei-?.?;―kohe jece gikuėumucoiertneŗteh. Cum` jüro,


EG υt

−6.\n /3S

τ τ 1;<) / .<(

)(

+∓> S\ E V rnsV

g

15<4 ≫≫ΰ

τ

ΰ

τ

ΰ

0<

3fgs6

0<

3sem6

03

0) / .<()( ++> S\ E V rnsV

voy`

S

\ E E

rnsG

rnsGrnsV

)(

)()( >>




• ?) H`ym`ht`m êoheiom jùê8• [gpi`n othem jereŗ jùfù,



• <) Kovrom vorene8

• Ceiemke e ece voren,

’fgs„ koėoreker. ŝohei-?.??―koh`ym`h joreiene vo `hİnİjürùinohtoker. Cur`k`m, jùêh`ts`yİsİmİm totehiono êİsİm`

jüro koėeŗteėe jürùinohtoker. fgsό> fgs(3ΰ /6)―kİr.

τ 3τ

κ> TG(rns) / TV(rns)


• :) Jùê h`ts`yİsİ (fgsό)8

• Jùê h`ts`yİsİ h`ym`ht`mvoreiom joreien eio h`ym`ht`mêoheiom `hİn `r`sİmk`he `êİmİm-


\Vυt

\n

EVυt

ό




• 1) @màt`r (trestür) joreiene8• Ceiemkeėe jece, kovroko




5) @màt`r (trestür-trey`h) hİnİ8 Uemo ceiemkeėe jece, kovroko




jüro màt`r joreiene,• \[> −6.\n /3 + %64



\[ υt

−6\n /3

.

jüro màt`r hİnİ, E[> −6.\n /3S + %64


\[ υt

−6\n /3S




• Ceiemkeėe jece, 6 l`ziİ sestonko yùhokà` l`zi` jùê `ht`r`ceinoh eêemyİikİz yoremo ùêjom c`ėi`mtİhuii`mİin`sİ jorohnohtoker. Cukurunk`, `ŗ`ėİk`he ŗoheikom ko

jürùikùėù jece, yùhùm aor cerp`rê`sİ kgėruk`m a`t joreiene eioh`rŗİ h`rŗİy` joinohtoker.

6 L`ziİ L`z @êİsİ Hgmtrgiiu @F\git`b Hgmtrgifu (ùêjom c`ėiİrozestel yùhto)8

ŝohei-?.?1―ko 6 l`ziİ l`z `êİsİhgmtrgiiu @F vgit`b hgmtrgifu kovroc`ėi`mtİsİ jürùinohtoker. ’H„eŗ`rotie cighi`r eėmo pìs ùrotofeker.

Jùê Kovr. _y`rn` Kovr.


M

@

C

F

\`m

\cm

\fm

S`

Sc

Sf

[0

[6

[?

[0

[6

Vymf-@

Vymf-C

Vymf-F

ΰ> 4² eio 014² `y`riİ

+-

+

-

+

-

Es

Eg

- \s +

+ \g -

[;[;

[<

[3

[<

[3

[?




• 0 l`ziİ uyjui`nì rk`m ceiemkeėejece kùŗùh vo grt` jùêiorkotors p`rìoi c`ėiİ trestürioryoremo trey`h huii`mİnİ kà`

uyjum gin`ht`kİr. @ymİ kurun6 l`z uyjui`nì`rİ eêem kojoêorieker.

ŝohei-?.?5―k` 6 l`ziİ `ên`-h`p`n` hgmtrgiiu @F vgit`bhgmtrgifu kovro c`ėi`mtİsİmİmtrey`hi`r huii`mİi`r`h y`pİin`sİjürùinohtoker. ŝohei-?.<4―k` esokovromem êìİŗn`sİmİ jüstoromkìj` ŗoheiiore voreineŗter.



M

@

C

F

\`m

\cm

\fm

S`

Sc

Sf

[0

[3

[6

[0

[6

Vymf-@

Vymf-C

Vymf-F

ΰ> 4² eio 014² `y`riİ

+

-

+

-

+

-Es

Eg

- \s +

+ \g -

[3




• ŝohei-?.?1 vo ?.?5―k`mjürùikùėù jece ùêjom yùhto l`z`êİsİ hgmtrgiiu @F vgit`bhgmtrgifu kovrose ko aon


•

\V(l`z)

υt

υt\pìs[0-[;

−6.\n `c cf f`

ΰ [0 [; [0


ko trey`hiİ uyjui n`k` uy`rn`kovrosemko eėmo pìs ùrotefeiorhuii`mİinİŗtİr. Ĵėmo pìsior aorl`z eêem `yrİ `yrİ ùroteinohto vo`màt`ri`r` uyjui`mn`ht`kİr.

• Cu yümtonko hgmtrgi esototehiono êİsİmİm y`ri`mn`sİeio gin`ht`kİr, ŝohei-?.<4.

υt

υt

υt\pìs[6-[<

\pìs[?-[3

\G (S`)

[< [6 [<

? [3 [?

−6.\n




• ŝohei-?.<4―k`m jürùikùėù jece,aor trestür homkesemo et gi`mìtorm`msİm ([0„@+„, [;„@-„,[6„C+„, [<„C-„, [?„F+„, [3„F-)

54. korofosemko (ΰ) uy`rİinİŗ vo eioteno joênoses`ėi`mnİŗtİr.

• Ürmoh gi`r`h eziomom S`

ŝohei-?.<4 jürùiom tonoi kìj`ŗoheiioremkom y`r`ri`m`r`hkovroko jorohie aos`pi`nì`ry`pİi`ceier. Kovroko

y`pİi`ceiofoh c`zİaos`pi`nì`r ŗumi`rkİr8 0) Êİhİŗ joreienemem othem koėore,


keromfe ùzoremkohe êİhİŗ l`zjoreienemo c`hİikİėİmk` a`tjoreienioremem jomieėemkogiuŗtuėu jüziomnohtoker.

• Cumum mokome aor cer trestürùmkovroyo jernosemko yùhùm aorcer p`rê`sİmİm kgėruk`m ehe l`z`r`sİm` c`ėi`mn`sİkİr.



koėore,


<) Kovromem vorene, :) Kovromem jùê h`ts`yİsİ,

1) @màt`r joreieniore,





• 0) Êİhİŗ joreienem othem koėore8• 6 l`ziİ l`z êİsİ hgmtrgiiu @F

vgit`b hgmtrgifu ùêjom rozestelyùhto êìİŗtİrİin`sİmk`, yùh

ùzoremko ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-?.<0―ko voreiom kìj` ŗohiememjürùiofoėeme coiertneŗteh.

•

∨>[

grnsG kt t v[

\ 4

3

)( .)^(X0

∨>

τ

ΰ

υ υ

τ

)().(sem.).6(0 33

)( t k t \ \ nrnsG

∨>

τ

ΰ

υ υ

τ

)().(sem.6 3

3

)( t k t

\ \ n

rnsG



τ

ΰ

τ ^;

)(3sem

3.X.6 3

)(

t t \ \ nrnsG ∓>

)^;

3sem

3()

;

3sem

3.X(

.6 3

)(

ΰ ΰ τ τ

τ

∓∓∓> n

rnsG

\ \

)33sem

00.(

3.6 3

)(ΰ ΰ τ

τ

+∓> n

rnsG\ \

τ

ΰ

τ

ΰ

3

3sem0.6 )()( +∓> rnsV rnsG \ \

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

υt\G

−6\n

ΰ ΰ

[






• 6) Othem êİhİŗ jùfù8• Ceiemkeėe jece othem êİhİŗ jùfù,



• ;) H`ym`h hİnİ othem koėore8


∨>

τ

υ υ

τ

3

4

3

)( )(.)^sem(..6X3

0t k t E E nrnsV

∨>

τ

υ υ

τ

3

4

33

)( )().(sem

3

).6(t k t

E E n

rnsV

g

<44 ≫≫ΰ

ΰ 3sem0

ŝohei-?.<6―kohe jece gikuėumucoiertneŗteh. Cum` jüro,


τ τ 1;<

.)( +∓> V rnsV

g

54<4 ≫≫ΰ

τ

ΰ

τ

ΰ

0<

3fgs6

0<

3sem6

03

0) / .(<6)( ++> S\ E V rnsV

g

0?454 ≫≫ΰ

τ

ΰ

τ

ΰ

τ

ΰ

0<

3fgs6

0<

3sem

;3;

?) / .(<6)( +++> S\ E V rnsV

υtEV

ΰ

−6\n

/S




• ?) H`ym`ht`m êoheiom jùê8• Ceiemkeėe jece othem jereŗ jùfù,



• <) Kovrom vorene8

• Ceiemke e ece voren,

’fgs„ koėoreker. ŝohei-?.<;―koh`ym`h joreiene vo `hİnİjürùinohtoker. Cur`k`m, kovroêİhİŗİmk`he yùhùm rozestel

gin`sİm` r`ėnom ’ό„ h`k`riİhcer l`z h`yn`sİmİm gikuėujürùinohto (fgsό> fgs(3ΰ /6).

κ> TG(rns) / TV(rns)oŗetieėemkom cuium`ceinohtoker.

• :) Jùê h`ts`yİsİ (fgsό)8

• Jùê h`ts`yİsİ h`ym`ht`mvoreiom joreien eio h`ym`ht`mêoheiom `hİn `r`sİmk`he `êİmİm-


\Vυt

\n

ό

υtEVEn

EV0

ΰ




• 1) @màt`r (trestür) joreiene8• Ceiemkeėe jece, kovroko




5) @màt`r (trestür-trey`h) hİnİ8 Uemo ceiemkeėe jece, kovroko




jüro màt`r joreiene,• \[> −6.\n + %64



.

jüro màt`r hİnİ, E[> −6.\n /S + %64

τ 3τ 6τ ;τ

υtE[

−6.\n /S

ΰ ΰ

[

\[υt

−6\n




Ürmoh2 614\/334\-?4Az ŗocohoko ;?

korofoieh uy`rn` `êİsİmk`êìİŗtİrİi`m l`z `êİsİ hgmtrgiiu 6

l`ziİ @F hİyİfİ, `) Uİikİz c`ėiİ 04ℬ―iuh rozestel cer

yùhù cosiokeėemko giuŗ`f`h tùnkovro p`r`notroioreme,

\G(rns)> 34;,;\

Êİhİŗ `hİnİ othem koėore,EG(rns)> \G(rns) / S> 3?; / 04

EG(rns)> 34,;@

τ τ

τ

1

);?.3sem(

;

; /

<

0334.<)( +∓>rnsG\


c) ùêjom c`ėiİ 04ℬ―iuh rozestel cer

yùhù cosiokeėemko giuŗ`f`h kovrop`r`notroioreme aos`pi`yİmİz.

Êüzùn2 `) Uİikİz c`ėiİ rozestel yùhto

êİhİŗ joreienemem othem koėore,

τ

ΰ

τ

ΰ

1

3sem

;<

0.<)( +∓> V rnsG \ \



TG(rns)> 6 . 34,; . 34;> 03,;hZ


Uİikİz c`ėi`mtİk` h`ym`h hİnİeio êİhİŗ yùh `hİnİ `ymİgikuėumk`m,

EV(rns)> 34,;@




Uİikİz c`ėiİ rozestel yùhtoh`ym`ht`m êoheiom othem jùê,


TV(rns)> 6 . 34,; . 334> 06,;hZ

Uİikİz yùhto kovromem vorene,κ> TG(rns) / TV(rns)

κ> 03,;hZ / 06,;hZ> %53,?6

c) Ùêjom c`ėiİ rozestel yùhtoêİhİŗ joreienemem othem koėore,

\G rns > 6<6,35\

τ

ΰ

τ

ΰ

3

3sem0.6 )()( +∓> rnsV rnsG \ \

τ τ

τ

3

;?.3sem; / 0334.6)( +∓>rnsG\

N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE :;

Uİikİz c`ėiİ rozestel yùhto`màt`r (trestür-trey`h) joreiene,\[ ≯ \n+ %64

\[ ≯ 600 . 0,6 ≯ ;44\

Uİikİz c`ėiİ rozestel yùhto`màt`r (trestür-trey`h) hİnİ,

EK ≯ \n /S + %64

EK ≯ 60,0 . 0,6 ≯ ;4@

Êİhİŗ `hİnİ othem koėore,EG(rns)> \G(rns) / S> 6<6 / 04

EG(rns)> 6<,6@



TG(rns)> 6 . 6<,6 . 6<6> 65,?hZ

gi`r`h cuiumur.




H`ym`h `hİnİmİm othem koėore8

EV(rns) > <0,63@

Sozestel yùhto màt r (trestür-trey`h) joreiene,

\[ ≯ −6.\n+ %64

\[ ≯ −6.600 . 0,6 ≯ :44\

Sozestel yùhto màt r (trestür-trey`h) hİnİ,

EK ≯ −6.\n /S + %64

τ

ΰ

τ

ΰ

1

3sem

;<

0) / .(<6)( +∓> S\ E V rnsV

τ τ

τ

1);?.3sem(

;; /

<0)04 / 334.(<6)( +∓>rnsV E

N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ-0 KOSV MG[I@SE :?

Ùêjom yùhto h`ym`ht`m êoheiomothem jùê,


TV(rns)> 6 . <0,6 . 334> ;4,;hZ

Ùêjom yùhto kovromem vorene,κ> TG(rns) / TV(rns)

κ> 65,?hZ / ;4,;hZ> %5:,::

K . , . ,

Ü



ÜKO\-03

03.0) 614\/334\-?4Az ŗocohoko, 04Az-%?4 othem porygti` uy`rn`k`,ùêjom c`ėiİ ?ℬ―iuh s`l rozestel cer yùhù cosioyom 6 l`ziİ `ên`-h`p`n` hgmtrgiiu @F hİyİfİmİm,

`) Kovro ŗon`sİmİ t`n gi`r`h êezemez, `hİn vo joreien yümioreme kovroùzoremko jüstoremez.c) Kovromem tonoi kìj` ŗoheiioreme koėorioreyio ceriehto êezemez.f ezeiom kì ` oheiioremo üro tonoi `r`notroiore aos` i` İmİz.

03.3) 614\/334\-?4Az ŗocohoko, ;?² uy`rn`k`, yİikİz c`ėiİ 0?ℬ―iuhs`l rozestel yùhù cosioyom 6 l`ziİ l`z `êİsİ hgmtrgiiu @F hİyİfİmİm,`) Kovro ŗon`sİmİ t`n gi`r`h êezemez, `hİn vo joreien yümioreme kovroùzoremko jüstoremez.c) Kovromem tonoi kìj` ŗoheiioreme koėorioreyio ceriehto êezemez.f) Êezeiom kìj` ŗoheiioremo jüro tonoi p`r`notroiore aos`pi`yİmİz.




Cüiùn-<



Ü Ù Ù Ù Ù



\E ‖ KF/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS

• JĴSĴŝ2• KF-KF kümùŗtùrùfùior,

üzoiiehio sgm kümoniorko jùêoiohtrgmeėe vo omkùstreyoioiohtrgmeh uyjui`nì`rİmk` êghygėum gi`r`h huii`mİin`y`c`ŗi`y`m jùê kovroioreker.

KF-KF kümùŗtùrùfùiore ehetonoi jrup `tİmk` emfoionohnùnhùmkùr. Cu jrupi`r,

0) KF hİyİfİi`r8

`) @ sİmİlİ KF hİyİfİ, c) C sİmİlİ KF hİyİfİ,

f) F sİmİlİ KF hİyİfİ,KF-KF kümùŗtùrùfùioremhuii`mİn i`mi`rİ,

• 0) _i`ŗİn `r`êi`rİmk`,

• 3) Voyy`r oiohtrgmeh fea`zk`,

• 6) Sùzj`r vo jùmoŗ omorbesestonioremko,

• ;) Hùêùh cgyuti`r` sİėkİrİin`sİjorohom oiohtrgmeh fea`zi`rk` vc.


k) K sİmİlİ KF hİyİfİ,

o) O sİmİlİ KF hİyİfİ.

3) @màt`ri`nìİ rojùiotürior8

`) Vohgmkor `màt`ri`nìİ

rojùi`türior, c) Trenor `màt`ri`nìİ

rojùiotürior,

\E KF/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS




• 0- KF HEUEFEI@S2• Omkùstreko üzoiiehio KF

ngtgri`rİm hgmtrgiumk` ygėumgi`r`h huii`mİin`ht` gi`m KF

hİyİfİi`rk` tonoiko ehe l`rhiİêìİŗn` (êìİŗtİrn`) ŗohiev`rkİr. Cumi`r8

@zìt`m tep KF hİyİfİ êìİŗn`sİ(rozestel yùhto)8

Cu êìİŗn` kurunumk`, KFhİyİfİmİm êİhİŗ joreiene, jereŗ

joreienemkom kèn` kà`kùŗùh soveyokoker. Cu mokomiocu tùr êìİŗn`y` ’`zìt`m„ tepìİ n` komeinohtoker.• ,

• c) @rttİr`m tep êìİŗn`kİr.• [onoi jùê oion`mİ gi`r`h CB[,

Ngslot voy` EJC[ huii`mİi`r`hjorêohioŗtereiom KF hİyİfİi`rİmtonoi êìİŗn` kuruni`rİ `yrİ`yrİ vo kot`yiİ gi`r`hemfoiomofohter.


ŝohei-<.0―ko tepeh cer `zìt`mKF hİyİfİ c`ėi`mtİsİjürùinohtoker. C`ėi`mtİk`mjürùikùėù jece tonoi jùê`màt`rİ gi`r`h CB[huii`mİinİŗtİr. Kovroko, CB[yoremo Ngslot voy` EJC[―kohuii`mİi`ceinohtoker.





• ŝohei-<.0―kom jürùikùėù jece`zìt`m tep KF hİyİfİk` jùê`màt`rİ yùh eio h`ym`h `r`sİm`sore gi`r`h c`ėi`mnİŗtİr.

• Kovromem uy`rn` vo tonoikìj` ŗoheiiore y`m t`r`lt`ŝohei-<.3―ko jürùinohtoker.

t0 [

\V υt

\V

\n

\h υt

04-34\


G

\[ υt

\n

EV υt

En

E[-G υt

En

Jùê kovrose Hgmt. kovrose

+

\s-

+

\g-

+ \t -

+ \h -TZN

l h

%4-%044

Es Eg





• ŝohei-<.3―kom jürùikùėù jecekovro jereŗe s`cet KF joreienh`ym`ėİm` c`ėi`mnİŗ,kovrokohe jùê màt`rİ

(tr`msestür) eso cer TZN semyìeio uy`rİinİŗtİr.

• [r`msestür jereŗemo uy`rn`sem ìe voreike e sùrofo İhİ

Aon rozestel yùhiorem vo oiohtrgmehkovroiorem cosiomnosemko aon kokgėru `hİn ngtgri`rİmİmhgmtrgiumk` huii`mİi`ceiofoh gi`mcu êìİŗtİrn` yümtonemko keėor

jùê kovroioremko gikuėu jece,0) Êİhİŗ joreienemem grtì`n`koėore,

joreiene jereŗ joreienemo oŗet,uy`rn` semyìe voreinokeėemkoeso oion`m yìİtİn`joêofoėemkom êİhİŗ joreienesİlİr gin`ht`kİr.

• _y`rn` semyìe othem porygku%4 eio %044 `r`sİmk`koėeŗtereioroh êİhİŗ `y`ri`m`ceier


,

6) Grtì`n` êİhİŗ jùfù,;) H`ym`h `hİnİmİm grtì`n`koėore,

?) Grtì`n` jereŗ jùfù,

<) Othem jereŗ keromfe:) @màt`r joreiene,

1) @màt`r `hİnİ

aos`pi`m`ceier.





• 0) Êİhİŗ joreiene grtì`n` koėore8• @zìt`m tep êìİŗ`m kovroko êİhİŗ

joreiene, kà` ümfo voreikeėe vo`ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-<.6―kom jürùikùėùjece, jùê `màt`rİmİm eiotenko

hìn` sùrosemo jüro,

3) Êİhİŗ `hİnİ grtì`n` koėore8 @zìt`m tep êìİŗ`m kovroko êİhİŗ

`hİnİ, kà` ümfo voreikeėe vo`ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-<.;―kom jürùikùėùjece, jùê `màt`rİmİm eiotenko


V n

t

nkfG \ h \

t kt \ \ ...

00

0

)( >>> ∨

S

\ h E

[

t kt E

[ E

V

n

t

nkfG ...

00

0

)( >>> ∨

oŗetieėe huii`m`r`h cuium`ceiofohter.


t0 [

\G υt

\n

t0 t3


t0 [

EG υt

En

t0 t3





• 6) Grtì`n` êİhİŗ jùfù8• Kovromem grtì`n` êİhİŗ jùfù,

Tg> Eg.\g> \g³/S> h.\s³/S

oŗetieėemkom cuium`ceier.

• ;) H`ym`h `hİnİ grt i`n` koėore8• H`ym`ht`m êoheiom `hİnİm ŗohie,

ŝohei-<.?―kohe jece gikuėum` jürogrtì`n` koėore,

?) Grtì`n` jereŗ jùfù8 H`ym`ht`m êoheiom grtì`n` jereŗ

jùfù `ŗ`ėİk`he jece gi`f`htİr.

Ts> h . Es . \s

oŗetieėemkom cuium`ceiofohter. <) Kovromem othem jereŗ keromfe,

H`ym`ht`m jürùmom keromêter.


t0 [

EV υt

En

t0 t3

:) @màt`r `hİnİ8

E[> 0,6 . En > 0,6 . \n / S

1) @màt`r joreiene8

\[> 0,6 . \n gi`f`htİr.

h

S

E

\

SV

V

e >>

S

\ h E

[

t kt E

[ E V

n

t

nkfV ...0 0

0

4

)( >>>

∨





• @zìt`m tep KF hİyİfİ êìİŗn`sİ(omkùhtel yùhto)8

• @zìt`m tep êìİŗn`k` omkùhtel yùhhuii`mİin`sİ kurunumk` ŝohei-<.<―k` jürùikùėù jece sorcostjoêeŗ keygku huii`mİin iİkİr.Kovroyio eijeie kìj` ŗoheiiore esoŝohei-<.:―ko jürùinohtoker.

04-

34\

t0 [

\V υt

\V

\n

\h υt


Jùê kovrose Hgmt. kovrose

+

\s-

+\g-

+ \t -

+ \h -TZN

l h

%4-%044

Es Eg

Kn

\G υt

\[ υt

υtEV-[

\n

En

EG υt

En





• ŝohei-<.<―k`m jürùikùėù jece kovrojereŗe yemo s`cet KF joreienh`ym`ėİm` c`ėi`mnİŗ, kovrokohejùê `màt`rİ (CB[) eso cer TZNsemyì eio uy`rİinİŗtİr.

• [r`msestür jereŗemo uy`rn` semyìevoreikeėe sùrofo êİhİŗ joreiene jereŗ joreienemo oŗet, uy`rn` semyìevoreinoke emko eso oion`m ìİtİn`

Aon rozestel yùhiorem vo oiohtrgmehkovroiorem cosiomnosemko aon kokgėru `hİn ngtgri`rİmİmhgmtrgiumk` huii`mİi`ceiofoh gi`mcu êìİŗtİrn` yümtonemko keėor

jùê kovroioremko gikuėu jece yemo,0) Êİhİŗ joreienemem grtì`n`koėore,

joêofoėemkom êİhİŗ joreiene sİlİrgin`ht`kİr.

• Êİhİŗ `hİnİ eso s`cet giuptr`msestür eiotenko gikuėumk`tr`msestür ùzoremkom, tr`msestür

yìİtİnk` gikuėu z`n`mi`rk` esoyùho tors p`rìoi c`ėiİ gi`msorcost joêeŗ keygku ùzoremkomkgi`ŗn`ht`kİr.


,

6) Grtì`n` êİhİŗ jùfù,;) H`ym`h `hİnİmİm grtì`n`koėore,


<) Othem jereŗ keromfe:) @màt`r joreiene,

1) @màt`r `hİnİ,

aos`pi`m`ceier.





• 0) Êİhİŗ joreiene grtì`n` koėore8• @zìt`m tep êìİŗ`m kovroko êİhİŗ

joreiene, kà` ümfo voreikeėe vo`ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-<.1―kom jürùikùėùjece, jùê `màt`rİmİm eiotenko


3) Êİhİŗ `hİnİ grtì`n` koėore8 @zìt`m tep êìİŗ`m kovroko êİhİŗ

`hİnİ, kà` ümfo voreikeėe vo`ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-<.5―k`m jürùikùėùjece, yùh ùzoremkom sùrohie `hİn

`htİėİ kùŗùmùioroh,

V n

t

nkfG \ h \

t kt \ \ ...

00

0

)( >>> ∨

S

\ E

[

[ kt E

[ E

V

n

[

nkfG >>> ∨ ..

0)(



t0 [

\G υt

\n

t0 t3


t0 [

EG υt

En

t0 t3





• 6) Grtì`n` êİhİŗ jùfù8• Kovromem grtì`n` êİhİŗ jùfù,

Tg> Eg.\g> \g³/S> h.\s³/S

oŗetieėemkom cuium`ceier.

• ;) H`ym`h `hİnİ grt i`n` koėore8• H`ym`ht`m êoheiom `hİnİm ŗohie,

ŝohei-<.04―kohe jece gikuėum` jürogrtì`n` koėore,



Ts> h . Es . \s

oŗetieėemkom cuium`ceiofohter. <) Kovromem othem jereŗ keromfe,

H`ym`ht`m jürùmom keromêter.


t0 [

EV υt

En

t0 t3

:) @màt`r `hİnİ8

E[> 0,6 . En > 0,6 . \n / S


\[> 0,6 . \n

gi`f`htİr.

h

S

E

\

SV

V

e >>

S

\ h E

[

t kt E

[ E V

n

t

nkfV ...0

0

0

4

)( >>>

∨





Ürmoh2 344\kf ŗocohoko %?4 othem

porygtiu uy`rn`k` êìİŗtİrİi`m`zìt`m tep KF hİyİfİ,



Êİhİŗ `hİnİmİm grtì`n`koėore,

EG> \G / S> 044 / 04

EG> 04@

Grtì`n` êİhİŗ jùfù,TG> EG.\G

TG> 04 . 044> 0hZ


cosiokeėemko giuŗ`f`h tùn kovro

p`r`notroioreme aos`pi`yİmİz. Êüzùn2 `) Sozestel yùhto êİhİŗ


\G> \V . h

\G> 344 . 4,?

\G> 044\

`ym` ` İnİmİm gr ` `n`

koėore,EV> En . h> (\n / S) . h

EV> (344 / 04) .4,?

EV> 04@

MG[2 Kovromem jereŗe ko KF gin`sİmokomeyio h`ym`h `hİnİmİmgrtì`n` koėore aos`pi`mnİŗtİr.







@màt`r (tr`msestür) joreiene,\[ ≯ \V + %64

\[ ≯ 344 . 0,6 ≯ 3<4\

MG[2 @zìt`m tep KF hİyİfİkovrosemko jereŗ joreiene t`n`nomkùzjùm cer KF gin`sİm` h`rŗİm

Omkùhtel yùhto h`ym`ht`m êoheiomjùê,

TV> h . EV .\V

TV> h . 04 . 344> 0hZ

Omkùhtel yùhto kovromem othem jereŗ keromfe,

RĴ> R / h

RĴ> 04 / 4,? > 34ℬ


giuŗ`m êİhİŗ joreiene h`ro kìj`lgrn`tİmk`kİr. Cu joreienemkùzjùmioŗtereinose eêem h`p`setürleitrose huii`mİinìİkİr. Kovroêİhİŗİmk` leitro eêem huii`mİi`m

h`p`setoye hùêùitnoh vo êİhİŗİmkà` kùzjùm gin`sİmİ s`ėi`n`heêem `màt`ri`n` lroh`msİ yùhsoh(04-044hAz `r`sİ) soêeinohtoker.

@màt`r (tr`msestür) `hİnİ,

E[ ≯ \V /S + %64

E[ ≯ (344 / 04) . 0,6 ≯ 3<@





• @rttİr`m tep KF hİyİfİ ê iİŗn`sİ(rozestel yùhto)8• ŝohei-<.00―ko `rttİr`m tep kovro

y`pİsİ, ŝohei-<.03―ko eso rozestelyùho jüro kovromem kìj` ŗoheiiorejürùinohtoker. Cu kovro y`pİsİjomoiiehio c`t`ry` joreienemeyùhsoitnoh eêem huii`mİin`ht`kİr.

t0 [

\V υt

\V

03\

\h υt

\

\G υt

\n


\[ υt

EV υt

En

İG υt

En

İ[υt

En

Jùêkovrose

_y`rİkovrose

+\s-

+\g-

+\t-

+ \I -

EV, EI EG

Et

+\h-

l h

TZN

F S





• ŝohei-<.03―kom jürùikùėù jeceyùhsoitom tep kovroko`màt`ri`n` oion`mİ zìt`mkovromem `hsemo h`ym`ė` voyùho p`rìoi gi`r`hc`ėi`mnİŗtİr.

• Cu kurunk` tr`msestüru `rİikİ İmk` h` m` İ ’I„

Cu kovroko êİhİŗ joreienememothem koėoro (h) jüro koėeŗenjr`leėe `ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-<.06―kojürùinohtoker. Jr`lehtomjürùikùėù jece, êİhİŗ joreiene ’h„eio kgėru gr`mtİiİ gi`r`hkoėeŗnohto giup jereŗem :h`tİm` h`k`r êİh`ceinohtoker.

ùzoremkom hİs` kovro okoroh`hİn yùhionohto, yìİtİn`joêereikeėemko eso h`ym`h vo I`hİnİ yùh ùzoremkomjoênohtoker.

• Cu hİn` jüro giuŗ`m êİhİŗ joreiene topo koėore ’h„y` c`ėiİgi`r`h koėeŗnohtoker.


0

36

;

?

<

:

.3 .; .< .1 0.4

\g / \s

h




ŝ

• 0) Êİhİŗ joreiene grtì`n` koėore8• Sozestel yùhto giuŗ`m êİhİŗ joreiene,

kà` ümfo voreikeėe vo `ŗ`ėİk`heŝohei-<.0;―kom jürùikùėù jece, jùê`màt`rİmİm eiotenko hìn`

sùrosemo jüro,h> t0 / (t0+t3)

\kf ≁ \V + \I > \s + I(ke/kt)

3) Êİhİŗ `hİnİ grtì`n` koėore8 Uùhsoitom tep êìİŗ`m kovroko

êİhİŗ `hİnİ, kà` ümfo voreikeėe vo`ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-<.0?―komjürùikùėù jece, jùê `màt`rİmİm

eiotenko hìn` sùrosemo jürogiuŗ`m joreienio gr`mtİiİ gi`r`h,

Ekf > \kf / S

\kf ≁ \s.X (t0+t3) / t3 ^> \s/(0-h)

oŗetiehiore huii`m`r`h cuium`ceier.


cuium`ceiofohter.h[ [

t0 t3

\G υt

\n

h[ [

t0 t3

EG υt

En






ŝ

• @rttİr`m tep KF hİyİfİ ê iİŗn`sİ(omkùhtel yùhto)8• Cu êìİŗn` ŗohiemko yùhùm êgh

omkùhtel gikuėu h`cui okeineŗter.Cum` jüro ŝohei-<.0:―ko kovroy`pİsİ, ŝohei-<.01―ko eso kovromemêìİŗn`sİmİ jüstorom kìj`ŗoheiiore jürùinohtoker.

t0 [

\V υt

\V

03\

\h υt

\n

\G υt

\n


\[

υt

İ[ υt

En

EG υtEn

EV υt

EnJùêkovrose

_y`rİkovrose

+\s-

+\g-

+\t-

+ \I -

EV, EI EG

Et

+\h-

l h

TZN

R




ŝ

• ŝohei-<.0:―kom jürùikùėù jeceyùhsoitom tep kovro omkùhtelyùhto êìİŗtİrİikİėİmk` yùhùzoremkohe yùhùm cgŗìn`sİeêem yùho tors p`rìoi cersorcost joêeŗ keygkuc`ėi`mnİŗtİr.

• Kovroko emo tr`msestür

Cu kovroko êİhİŗ joreienememothem koėoro (h) jüro koėeŗenjr`leėe yemo `ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-<.05―k` jürùikùėù jeceker.Jr`lehtom jürùikùėù jece, êİhİŗ joreiene ’h„ eio kgėru gr`mtİiİgi`r`h koėeŗnohto giup jereŗem: h`tİm` h`k`r êİh`ceinohtoker.

uy`rİikİėİmk` h`ym`ėİ ’I„ùzoremkom hİs` kovro okoroh`hİn yùhionohto, yìİtİn`joêereikeėemko eso h`ym`h vo I`hİnİ yùhtom joênohtoker.

• Cu hİn` jüro giuŗ`m êİhİŗ joreiene topo koėore ’h„y` c`ėiİgi`r`h koėeŗnohtoker.


0

36

;

?

<

:

.3 .; .< .1 0.4

\g / \s

h




• 0) Êİhİŗ joreiene grtì`n` koėore8• Omkùhtel yùhto giuŗ`m êİhİŗ joreiene, kà` ümfo voreikeėe vo`ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-<.34―komjürùikùėù jece, jùê `màt`rİmİm

eiotenko hìn` sùrosemo jüro,h> t0 / (t0+t3)

\kf ≁ \V + \I > \s + I(ke/kt)

3) Êİhİŗ `hİnİ grtì`n` koėore8 Uùhsoitom tep êìİŗ`m kovroko

êİhİŗ `hİnİ, kà` ümfo voreikeėe vo`ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-<.30―komjürùikùėù jece, jùê `màt`rİmİm

eiotenko hìn` sùroseyio kgėrugr`mtİiİ gi`r`h,

Ekf > En > \V/S + EI > (\V/S) / (0-h)

\kf ≁ \s.X (t0+t3) / t3 ^> \s/(0-h)

oŗetiehiore huii`m`r`h cuium`ceier.


cuium`ceiofohter.h[ [

t0 t3

\G υt

\n

h[ [

t0 t3

EG υt

En




• 6) Grtì`n` êİhİŗ jùfù8• Grtì`n` êİhİŗ jùfù,

Tkf> Ekf . \kf gi`f`htİr.

• ;) H`ym`h `hİnİ grt i`n` koėore8• H`ym`ht`m êoheiom `hİnİm ŗohie,ŝohei-<.33―kohe jeceker. Cum` jüro`hİnİm grtì`n` koėore ŗüyioker,



TV(kf)> (EV(kf) . \V) / (0-h)

<) Kovromem othem jereŗ onpok`msİ,

H`ym`ht`m jürùmom keromêter vo

RĴ> \V / EV > R . (0-h) gi`f`htİr.EV(kf) > En > \V/S + EI > (\V/S) / (0-h)


:) @màt`r `hİnİ8

E[> 0,6 . En > 0,6 . \n / S


\[> 0,6 . \n

gi`f`htİr.

h[ [

t0 t3

EV υt

En




Ürmoh2 344\kf ŗocohoko %?4 othem

porygtiu uy`rn`k` êìİŗtİrİi`m`rttİr`m tep KF hİyİfİ,



Êİhİŗ `hİnİmİm grtì`n`koėore,

Ekf> \kf / S > ;44 / 04

Ekf> ;4@

Grtì`n` êİhİŗ jùfù,Tkf> Ekf.\kf

Tkf> ;4 . ;44> 0<hZ


cosiokeėemko giuŗ`f`h tùn kovro

p`r`notroioreme aos`pi`yİmİz. Êüzùn2 `) Sozestel yùhto êİhİŗ


h> t0 / (t0+t3)> 4,?\kf ≁ \V + \I > \V / (0-h)\kf ≁ 344 / (0-4,?)> ;44\

H`ym`h hİnİmİm grtì`n`koėore,EV(kf) ≁ En> \V /S + EI > (\V /S) / (0-h)

EV(kf) ≁ En> (344/04) / (0-4,?)

EV(kf) ≁ En> ;4@




H`ym`ht`m êoheiom jùê,TV(kf)> (EV(kf).\V(kf) ) / (0-h)

TV> (;4 . 344) / (0-4,?)> 0<hZ

Kovromem othem jereŗ keromfe,

SĴ> S . (0-h)SĴ> 04 . (0-4,?) > ?ℬ

@màt`r (tr`msestür) hİnİ,

c) Omkùhtel yùhto êİhİŗ joreienemem grtì`n` koėoreothem porygt huii`mİi`r`h,h> t0 / (t0+t3)> 4,?\kf ≁ \V + \I > \V / (0-h)\kf ≁ 344 / (0-4,?)> ;44\Êİhİŗ `hİnİmİm grtì`n`ko ore,


E[ ≯ \n /S + %64

E[ ≯ (;44 / 04) . 0,6 ≯ ?3@ @màt`r (tr`msestür) joreiene,

\[ ≯ ;44 . 0,6 ≯ ?34\

Ekf > En > \V /S + EI > (\V /S) / (0-h)

Ekf > (344/04) / (0-4,?)> ;4@


Tkf> Ekf.\kf

Tkf> ;4 . ;44> 0<hZ




H`ym`h hİnİmİm grtì`n`koėore,EV(kf) ≁ En> \V /S + EI > (\V /S) / (0-h)

EV(kf) ≁ En> (344/04) / (0-4,?)

EV(kf) ≁ En> ;4@

H`ym`ht`m êoheiom jùê,

@màt`r (tr`msestür) `hİnİ,E[ ≯ \n /R + %64

E[ ≯ (;44 / 04) . 0,6 ≯ ?3@

@màt`r (tr`msestür) joreiene,

\[ ≯ ;44 . 0,6 ≯ ?34\MG[2 @rttİr`m tep KF hİyİfİ kovrosejomoiiehio kgėru `hİn ngtgri`rİmk`


TV(kf)> (EV(kf).\V(kf) ) / (0-h)

TV> (;4 . 344) / (0-4,?)> 0<hZ

Kovromem othem jereŗ onpok`ms,

RĴ> R . (0-h)RĴ> 04 . (0-4,?) > ?ℬ

ro omor` rom ono uyju `mn`sİ

sİr`sİmk` huii`mİin`ht`kİr.Cu uyjui`n` s`yosemko ngtgrs`rjİi`rİmk` emkùhiomom joreienh`ym`h joreienemkom kà` yùhsohaìo jotereioroh tors `hİn `hn`sİ

vo cu s`yoko aon ngtgrumlromionoyo jernose aon koh`z`mİi`m omorbemem h`ym`ė` jore`ht`rİin`sİ s`ėi`mn`ht`kİr.




KF HEUEFEI@SEMVEMELI@MKESEIN@VE2

Jereŗ cüiùnùmko ko coierteikeėejece KF hİyİfİi`rİ êìİŗn`

ŗohiemo jüro ? l`rhiİ sİmİl``yİrn`h nùnhùm gin`ht`kİr.Cumi`r8

@ sİmİlİ KF hİyİfİi`r8 @ sİmİlİ KF hİyİfİi`r, kà` ümfo

`yrİmtİsİ eio emfoiomom ’@zìt`m tepKF hİyİfİ„ y`pİsİkİr.

Kgi`yİsİyi` cu tùr cer hİyİfİk` êİhİŗ joreiene kèn` jereŗ joreienememìtİmk`kİr.

ŝohei-<.36―ko jürùikùėù jece,


,

C sİmİlİ kf hİyİfİi`r,F sİmİlİ kf hİyİfİi`r,

K sİmİlİ kf hİyİfİi`r,

O sİmİlİ kf hİyİfİi`rkİr.

ŝenke cu hİyİfİ tùriore voüzoiiehiore sİr`sİyi` kot`yiİgi`r`h emfoiomofohter.

jomo o ŗ vo grt` j ê or o

kgėru `hİn ngtgri`rİmİmhgmtrgiùmko vo l`rhiİ kf cosionojoreiene jorohom kovroiorkohuii`mİi`m @ sİmİlİ KF hİyİfİi`rs`kofo 0. cüijoko êìİŗn`ht`kİr.

0.cüijo

\g

Eg4

@ sİmİlİ KF hİyİfİêìİŗn` cüijose




F sİmİlİ KF hİyİfİi`r8 F sİmİlİ KF hİyİfİi`r, @ sİmİlİ vo C

sİmİlİ KF hİyİfİi`rİmcerioŗtereinoseyio giuŗturui`m yomecer hİyİfİ kovroseker.

F sİmİlİ hİyİfİi`r, üzoiiehio grt` voyùhsoh jùêtohe kgėru `hİnngtgri`rİmİm toh yümiù aİz vo ro-

C sİmİlİ KF hİyİfİi`r8 C sİmİlİ KF hİyİfİi`r, kà` ümfo

`yrİmtİsİ eio emfoiomom ’@rttİr`m tepKF hİyİfİ„ y`pİsİkİr.

Kgi`yİsİyi` cu tùr cer hİyİfİk` êİhİŗ joreiene kèn` jereŗ joreienememùstùmkoker.

Jomoiiehio kgėru `hİn ngtgri`rİmİm


huii`mİin`ht`kİri`r. Cu tùr hİyİfİi`r @ vo C sİmİli`rİmİm

cerioŗene gikuėu eêem êìİŗn`cüijose ko ŝohei-<.3?―ko jürùikùėùjece 0. vo 3. cüijoiorker.

ro- omor`t omor y jor

h`z`m`r`h) lromiono hgmtrgiùmkovo joreien yùhsoitnohto huii`mİi`mC sİmİlİ KF hİyİfİi`r, ŝohei-<.3;―kojürùikùėù jece s`kofo 3. cüijokoêìİŗn`ht`kİr.

3.cüijo

\g

-Eg 4

C sİmİlİ KF hİyİfİêìİŗn` cüijose

0.cüijo

\g

Eg4-Eg

3.cüijo




ŝohei-<.3<―k` jürùiomc`ėi`mtİk` [0 tr`msestürùuy`rİikİėİmk` kovro @ sİmİlİgi`r`h êìİŗn`ht` vo ngtgruomorbeiomkeroroh kümnoseme

s`ėi`n`ht`kİr. [3 tr`msestürù uy`rİikİėİmk` eso

kovro C sİmİlİ gi`r`h

@ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-<.3<―k` tepehcer F sİmİlİ KF hİyİfİ c`ėi`mtİsİjürùinohtoker.

+\s-

+\t0

-

+ \h -

K0[0

Eg

Es

El

Et


êìİŗn`ht` vo yùhùm `tìoteyio

kümnoyo kov`n okoroh cer bomor`tür jece oiohtreh ùrotomngtgrum êİhİŗ joreienemeyùhsoitoroh h`ym`ė` kgėru

`hİn `hİtn`sİmİ s`ėi`n`ht`kİr. Cu s`yoko aon ngtgr aİziİ

gi`r`h lromiomnohto aon koh`ym`h ŗ`rb okeinohtoker.

Jùê kovrose

_y`rn` kovr.

\g

-K3

[3

Ngtgr Lrom

Ngtgr / Lrom

l h

TZN

l h

TZN




K sİmİlİ KF hİyİfİi`r8 K sİmİlİ KF hİyİfİi`r, êelt yümiù

KF hİyİfİi`r` joêeŗto cer `r`kurun giup, jomoiiehio toh

c`ŗİm` huii`mİin`zi`r. Cu tùr hİyİfİi`r, F sİmİlİ KF

hİyİfİk` gikuėu jece yemo êelt

ŝohei-<.3<―k` jürùiomc`ėi`mtİk` [0 tr`msestürùuy`rİikİėİmk` kovrokom ’Es>Eg„`hİnİ kgi`ŗn`ht`, [0 yìİtİn`joêteėemko eso ’Eg„ `hİnİ ’K3„keygku ùzoremkom kov`notnohtoker.

[3 tr`msestürù u `rİikİ İmk` eso


.KF hİyİfİmİm êìİŗn` cüijoioreŝohei-<.3:―ko jürùikùėù jece 0.vo ;. cüijoiorker.

kovrokom ’Et„ hİnİ

kgi`ŗn`ht`, [3 yìİtİn`joêteėemko eso ’El„ `hİnİ ’K0„keygku ùzoremkom h`ym`ė`kgėru `hn`ht`kİr.

Kovromem kìj` ŗoheiiore voaos`pi`nì`rİ @ vo Csİmİli`rİmk` gikuėu jeceker.

0.cüijo

\g

Eg4-Eg

-\g

;.cüijo




ŝohei-<.31―kom jürùikùėù jece[0 vo [3 tr`msestüriore `ymİ`mk` uy`rİin`ht` vo sore c`ėiİjece êìİŗn`ht`kİr. K0 vo K3keygti`rİ eso sorcost joêeŗ

keygku gi`r`h êìİŗn`ht`kİri`r. Kovro `siİmk` `zìt`m tep KF

hİyİfİ jece êìİŗn`ht` vo

@ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-<.31―ko tepehcer K sİmİlİ KF hİyİfİ c`ėi`mtİsİjürùinohtoker.

+\s-

+ \g -[0 K3

Es Ek

Eg


ngtgru toh yümiù gi`r`h hgmtrgi

otnohtoker. [oh l`rhİ sorcostjoêeŗ `hİnİmİm (Ek) h`ym`hùzoremkom kgi`ŗn`sİkİr.

Kovromem aora`mje cer lromiono

lgmhseygmu yghtur, êùmhù yùh`hİnİ aop `ymİ yümiùkùr. Êİhİŗ joreiene eso sùrohie gi`r`h yümkoėeŗternohtoker.

TZN Gptg-0

Gptg-3

[0―o

l h

[3K0

+ \h -

Jùê kovrose

_y`rn` kv.




O sİmİlİ KF hİyİfİi`r8 O sİmİlİ KF hİyİfİi`r, êelt yümiù

(; cüijoie) KF hİyİfİi`r gi`r`hceiemnohto giup ehe `kot F voy`

ehe `kot K sİmİlİ KF hİyİfİmİmcerioŗenemkom giuŗnuŗi`rkİr.

Cu tùr hİyİfİi`r, ehe `kot êelt

ŝohei-<.31―ko jürùiomc`ėi`mtİk` tr`msestürioruy`rİikİėİmk` kovrokom ’Es>Eg„`hİnİ kgi`ŗn`ht`, tr`msestürioryìİtİn` joêteėemko eso ’Eg>Ek„`hİnİ keygti`r vo h`ym`hùzoremkom kov`n otnohtoker.

Cu kurunk` tr`msestürior


gikuėu eêem, êìİŗn` cüijoioreko ŝohei-<.35―k` jürùikùėù jece0.3.6. vo ;. cüijoiorker.

eiotenkoyhom êİhİŗ joreiene

pgzetel, tr`msestürior yìİtİn`joêteėemko eso `hİn keygti`rùzoremkom kgi`ŗ`f`ėİ eêem êİhİŗ joreiene moj`tel gin`ht`kİr.

Kovromem êİhİŗ kìj` ŗoheiiorevo aos`pi`nì`rİ eso `zìt`mtep KF hİyİfİk` gikuėu jeceker.

0.cüijo

\g

Eg4-Eg

-\g

;.cüijo

3.cüijo

6.cüijo




ŝohei-<-64―k`m jürùikù

ėù jece,ngtgr eiore yümko kümkùrùinoh

estomkeėemko [0 vo [3uy`rİin`ht` vo kovro K sİmİlİKF hİyİfİ jece êìİŗtİrİin`ht`kİr.

Ngtgr eiore yümko kümorhom robomor`tel lromiono y`pİin`sİjorohteėemko s`kofo [;

@ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-<.64―k` tepehcer O sİmİlİ KF hİyİfİ c`ėi`mtİsİjürùinohtoker.

+\s-

+ \g -[0K0 [6K6

Es

Eg


uy`rİi`r`h kovro C sİmİlİ

(yùhsoitom tep) KF hİyİfİ jeceêìİŗtİrİin`ht` vo ngtgru bomor`tür jece êìİŗtİr`r`h K0-K3 vo h`ym`h ùzoremkom

lromiono `hİnİ `hİtİin`ht`kİr.Cu kurunk` ngtgr ùzoremkoheomorbe jore h`z`mİi`r`h aİziİlromiono y`pİin`ht`kİr.

TZN

Gptg-6

Gptg-;

Gptg-0

Gptg-3[6

[;

[0

[3

l h

Jùê kovrose_y`rn` kv.

K;

K3

eiore

jore

Ĵiore /jore

\E ‖ KF/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOSO l KF h i ü iiehi



O sİmİlİ KF hİyİfİi`r, üzoiiehios`cet nİhm`tİs uy`rtİniİ voy`c`mfİ uy`rtİniİ kgėru `hİnngtgri`rİmk` aon êelt yümiù aİzhgmtrgiu aon ko êelt yümiù

lromiono hgmtrgiumk`huii`mİi`ceiom, aon êİhİŗ `hİnİaon ko êİhİŗ joreiene tors

Uemo ŝohei-<-64―k`m jürùikùėùjece, ngtgr jore (tors) yümkokümkùrùinoh estomkeėemko [6vo [; uy`rİin`ht` vo kovrotors yümko yemo K sİmİlİ KFhİyİfİ jece êìİŗtİrİin`ht`kİr.

Ngtgr jore yümko kümorhom ro-omor`tel lromiono ` İin`sİ


êovr o om t`n gm`mİn İ

ngtgr sùrùfù kovroioreker. O sİmİlİ KF hİyİfİi`r estomerso

cerceremo tors p`rìoi c`ėiİ ehe Fsİmİlİ hİyİfİ gi`r`h k` hgmtrgi

okeioceinohtoker. Kovromem êİhİŗ kìj` ŗoheiiore

vo aos`pi`nì`rİ eso `zìt`mtep KF hİyİfİk` gikuėu jeceker.

jorohteėemko s`kofo [3

uy`rİi`r`h kovro yemo C sİmİlİ(yùhsoitom tep) KF hİyİfİ jeceêìİŗtİrİin`ht` vo ngtgru bomor`tür jece êìİŗtİr`r`h K6-

K; vo h`ym`h ùzoremkomlromiono `hİnİ `hİtİin`ht` vongtgr ùzoremkohe omorbe joreh`z`mİi`r`h lrom y`pİin`ht`kİr.

\E ‖ KF/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOSŝ hei < 60―k ü ùikùėù ece



ŝohei-<.60―kom jürùikùėù jece,kovro jereŗemo joiom rojùiosez kfjoreien cer KF hİyİfİk`m joêereiorohêİhİŗt` cuium`m vo s`cet joreienestoyom yùho `ht`rİin`ht`kİr.

Êİhİŗ joreienemem s`cet hì`ceinoseeêemso KF hİyİfİmİm TZN hgmtrgikovrose cer jorecosiono kùzomoėeùzoremkom sùrohie gi`r`h

3- @M@A[@SI@N@IESOJÙI@[ÜSIOS2 @màt`ri`nìİ rojùi`türior

aonom aonom tùn oiohtrgmeh

fea`zi`rİm cosionosemko êghy`yjİm gi`r`h huii`mİi`m kf-kfkümùŗtùrùfù uyjui`nì`rİkİr.


uy`rİin`ht`kİr.

@màt`ri`nìİ rojùi`türiorem 6tonoi tùrù cuiumn`ht`kİr. Cumi`r,

0- @zìt`m (Cufh) rojùi`türior,

3- @rttİr`m (Cggst) rojùiotürior,

6- [orsioyom (Emvortemj)rojùi`türiorker. ŝenke cu tùrioremy`pİsİ vo êìİŗn`sİ sİr`sİyièmfoiomofohter.

ŗ` İ ` o - - o

`màt`ri`nìİ rojùi`türioremjomoi y`pİsİ jürùinohtoker.

KF

hİyİfİ

HgmtrgiKovrose

KF

yùh

KF

h`ym`h

KoėeŗhomKF

V`cetKF

JorecosionoSolor`ms

joreiene

TZN

\E ‖ KF/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOSŝohei < 63―ko jürùiom `zìt`m



ŝohei-<.63―ko jürùiom `zìt`m(cufh) rojùi`tür kovrosemem @ sİmİlİKF hİyİfİk`m cer c`ŗh` l`rhİ k`hgmtrgi kovrosemo jùê kovroseêİhİŗİmk`m cer vgit`b jore cosionose

y`pİinİŗ gin`sİkİr. R`tom cu s`yoko kovro rojùi`tür

(s`cetioyefe) üzoiieėemeh`z`mn`ht`kİr. Êİhİŗ joreiene

@zìt`m (Cufh) Sojùi`tür8 @zìt`m rojùi`tür `siİmk` `zìt`m

tep KF hİyİfİ jùê kovrosememkgi`yİsİyi` k` @ sİmİlİ KF hİyİfİkovro y`pİsİmİm comzoreker. ŝohei-

<.63―kom jürùikùėù jece `r`k`hetoh l`rh kovro êİhİŗİmk` cer I-Fleitro kovrosemem huii`mİin`sİkİr.


yùhsoinoh estokeėemko jore

cosiono s`yosemko hgmtrgi kovroseuy`rİi`r`h TZN h`ro kìj`mİmothem porygku k`r itİin`ht`, torsekurunk` k` jomeŗioteinohto voêİhİŗ joreiene aop estomom koėorko

s`cet tutuin`ht`kİr. Uùhsoh lroh`mst` êìİŗ`m kovromem

kìj` ŗoheiiore vo aos`pi`nì`rİ`zìt`m tep KF hİyİfİyi` `ymİkİr.

Jùê kovrose

_y`rn`

kovrose

l h

Jore

CosionoTZN

+ \h -+\s-

UùhKnIl

Fl

[

+\g-

\E ‖ KF/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOSŝohei < 66―ko jürùiom `rttİr`m



ŝohei-<.66 ko jürùiom `rttİr`m(cggst) rojùi`tür kovrosemem Csİmİlİ KF hİyİfİk`m cer c`ŗh` l`rhİk` hgmtrgi kovrosemo jùê kovroseêİhİŗİmk`m cer vgit`b jore cosionose

y`pİinİŗ gin`sİkİr.

R`tom cu s`yoko kovro rojùi`tür(s`cetioyefe) üzoiieėemeh`z`mn`ht`kİr. Êİhİŗ joreiene

@rttİr`m (Cggst) Sojùi`tür8 @rttİr`m rojùi`tür `siİmk` `rttİr`m

tep KF hİyİfİ jùê kovrosememkgi`yİsİyi` k` C sİmİlİ KF hİyİfİkovro y`pİsİmİm comzoreker. ŝohei-

<.66―kom jürùikùėù jece `r`k`hetoh l`rh kovro êİhİŗİmk` cer F leitrokovrosemem huii`mİin`sİkİr.


yùhsoinoh estokeėemko jore

cosiono s`yosemko hgmtrgi kovroseuy`rİi`r`h TZN h`ro kìj`mİmothem porygku k`r itİin`ht`, torsekurunk` k` jomeŗioteinohto voêİhİŗ joreiene aop estomom koėorko

s`cet tutuin`ht`kİr. Uùhsoh lroh`mst` êìİŗ`m kovromem

kìj` ŗoheiiore vo aos`pi`nì`rİ`rttİr`m tep KF hİyİfİyi` `ymİkİr.

Jùê kovrose

_y`rn`

kovrose

l h

Jore

CosionoTZN

+\t-

+\s-

>

UùhKI

Fl+

\g-

+ \g -

\E ‖ KF/KF KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS ŝohei < 6;―ko jürùiom torsioyom



ŝohei-<.6; ko jürùiom torsioyom(emv.) rojùi`tür kovrosemem yemo omümonie üzoiieėe, hgmtrgi kovrosemojùê kovrose êİhİŗİmk`m cer vgit`bjore cosionose y`pİinİŗ gin`sİkİr.

R`tom cu s`yoko kovro rojùi`tür(s`cetioyefe) üzoiieėemeh`z`mn`ht`kİr. Êİhİŗ joreieneestomom soveyokom yùhsoinoh

[orsioyom (Emv.) Sojùi`tür8 [orsioyom rojùi`tür `siİmk`

`zìt`m vo `rttİr`m rojùi`türioremcerioŗenemkom giuŗ`m vo êİhİŗ joreiene jereŗo jüro tors gi`m cer

rojùi`tür tùrùkùr. ŝohei-<.6;―kojürùiom kovroko tors êİhİŗ joreiene\s―em ìtİmk` voy` ùstùmko gi`ceier.


estokeėemko jore cosiono

s`yosemko hgmtrgi kovroseuy`rİi`r`h TZN h`ro kìj`mİmothem porygku k`r itİin`ht`, torsekurunk` k` jomeŗioteinohto voêİhİŗ joreiene aop estomom koėorko

s`cet tutuin`ht`kİr. Kovromem kìj` ŗoheiiore vo

aos`pi`nì`rİ `rttİr`m tep hİyİfİyi`comzorker (\s yoremo h.\s).

Jùê kovrose

_y`rn`

kovrose

l h

Jore

CosionoTZN

+\s-

UùhK

I Fl-

\g+

+ \g -

EI

ÜKO\-06



06.0) 334\-?4Az ŗocohoko, 04hAz lroh`msiİ vo %:4 othem porygtiuTZN eio êìİŗtİrİi`m vo <ℬ rozestel cer yùhù cosioyom @ sİmİlİ KFhİyİfİmİm,`) Kovro ŗon`sİmİ t`n gi`r`h êezemez, `hİn vo joreien yümioreme kovroùzoremko jüstoremez.c) Kovromem tonoi kìj` ŗoheiioreme koėorioreyio ceriehto êezemez.f ezeiom kì ` oheiioremo üro tonoi `r`notroiore aos` i` İmİz.

06.3) ?4\kf ŗocohoko, 04hAz lroh`msiİ vo %<4 othem porygtiu TZN eioêìİŗtİrİi`m vo ;ℬ rozestel cer yùhù cosioyom C sİmİlİ KF hİyİfİmİm,`) Kovro ŗon`sİmİ t`n gi`r`h êezemez, `hİn vo joreien yümioreme kovroùzoremko jüstoremez.

c) Kovromem tonoi kìj` ŗoheiioreme koėorioreyio ceriehto êezemez.f) Êezeiom kìj` ŗoheiioremo jüro tonoi p`r`notroiore aos`pi`yİmİz.




Cüiùn-:



\EE ‖ KF/@F KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS



• JĴSĴŝ2• KF-@F kümùŗtùrùfùior,

üzoiiehio sgm kümoniorko jùêoiohtrgmeėe vo omkùstreyoi

oiohtrgmeh uyjui`nì`rİmk` êghygėum gi`r`h huii`mİin`y`c`ŗi`y`m jùê kovroioreker.

KF-@F kümùŗtùrùfùiore ehetonoi jrup `tİmk` emfoionohnùnhùmkùr. Cu jrupi`r,

0) TZN Ĵmvortüror8

`) Joreien H`ym`hiİ (\VE),0 l`z \VE,

6 l`z \VE.KF-@F kümùŗtùrùfùiorem

huii`mİn i`mi`rİ,• 0) @F ngtgr hgmtrgiumk`,

• 3) Hosemtesez jùê h`ym`hi rİmk`,

• 6) Sùzj`r vo jùmoŗ omorbe

sestonioremko,• ;) Ĵmkùhseygmi` İsİtn`k`,

• ?) Koėeŗhom lroh`msiİ uyjui`nì`r.


c) @hİn H`ym`hiİ (FVE),

0 l`z FVE,6 l`z FVE.

3) Sozgm`msiİ Ĵmvortürior8

`) Vore Sozgm`msiİĴmvortürior,

c) T`rìoi Sozgm`msiİĴmvortüriorker.




• @ - JOSĴIĴN H@UM@HIE TZNĴM\OS[ÜSIOS (\VE)2• Omkùstreko üzoiiehio @somhrgm

ngtgri`rİm hgmtrgiumk` ygėumgi`r`h huii`mİin`ht` gi`m TZN

emvortürior, KF joreien h`ym`ėİmİhuii`m`r`h koėeŗhom lroh`msiİ vokoėeŗhom joreienie @F ùroterior.

0) 0 l`ziİ Joreien H`ym`hiİTZN Ĵmvortürior (Sozestel yùh)8 Cer l`ziİ \VE emvortürior KF joreien

h`ym`ėİ huii`m`r`h 0 l`ziİ,koėeŗhom lroh`msiİ vo koėeŗhom

jomiehie @F joreien oiko otnohtohuii`mİi`m kovroiorker.

0 l`ziİ t`n kìj` kgėruitufui`rİm

• Cu cüiùnko joreien h`ym`hiİ tùrù

emfoiomofoh gi`m TZNemvortüriorem om ümonie `v`mt bİêİhİŗt` giuŗ`m @F joreienemjomieh vo lroh`msİmİm êghhgi`yiİhi` `y`ri`m`ceinoseker hecu s`yoko somhrgm vo `somhrgmngtgri`rk` êgh hgi`yiİhi` aİzhgmtrgiu y`pİi ceinohtoker.


`n ors j ŗ m o ofo g `mcu kovroiorko tİphİ 0 l`ziİkgėruitufui`rk` gikuėu jece ehel`rhiİ yümton huii`mİi`ceinohtoker.Cu yümtonior,

0) Venotreh KF h`ym`ht` y`rİn

hüprù eio êìİŗn`,3) [oh KF h`ym`ht` t`n hüprù eioêìİŗn`kİr.




• @ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-:.0―ko senotrehKF h`ym`ht` vo rozestel yùhtoêìİŗtİrİi`m y`rİn hüprù tepeTZN emvortür (\VE) kovroc`ėi`mtİsİ jürùinohtoker.

• ŝoheiko CB[ gi`r`h jürùiomjùê màt`ri`rİ yoremoorohte emko Ngslot vo `

ŝohei-:.0―ko jürùiom y`rİn hüprùemvortür kovrose, `ymİ jùê voüzoiiehiorko 3 `kot KF h`ym`hjorohterkeėe eêem pr`teh huii`mİn eêemuyjum koėeiker.

Kovro êİhİŗİmk` @F joreien oikookoceinoh eêem [0 vo [6tr`msestüriore sİr`yi` vo oŗ z`n`miİ

-EJC[―ko huii`mİi`ceinohtoker.


.

[0 uy`rİikİėİmk` \s-0 h`ym`ėİ

yùho c`ėi`m`f`h vo êİhİŗ joreienepgzetel gi`f`htİr. [6 uy`rİikİėİmkèso \s-3 h`ym`ėİ yùho c`ėi`m`f`hvo êİhİŗ joreiene moj`tel gi`f`htİr.

Cu eŗion porygkeh gi`r`h jorohiegi`r`h lroh`mst` y`pİikİėİmk`êİhİŗt` estomeiom lroh`msiİ @Fjoreien oiko okeineŗ gi`f`htİr.

\s-0

\s-3

[0

[6

Vùrf-0

Vùrf-3

TZN+

-

h l

Jùê kovrose _y`rn` kovrose

- \ g +

Eg

Es0

Es3



\EE ‖ KF/@F KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• ŝohei-:.0 vo ŝohei-:.3―ko jürùiom τ 3τ



y`rİn hüprù vo t`n hüprù TZNemvortüriorem rozestel porlgrn`msİmİjüstorom kìj` ŗoheiiore y`m t`r`lt`ŝohei-:.6―ko voreineŗter.

• ŝoheikom jürùikùėù jece [0-[3 vo[6-[; eheieioremem porygkeh gi`r`hkovroyo sghuin`sİyi` estomomlroh`mst` h`ro kìj` lgrn`tİmk`

τ 3τ

\Vυt

\n

\t0t3υt

0?\

0?\

\t6t; υt

[0-[3 [6-[; [0-[3 [6-[;

\G υt

\nh

h> %044

h

h

cer @F joreien êİhİŗ uêi`rİmk`

giuŗn`ht`kİr.• Cur`k` joreieniorem topo koėore

(\n) h`ym`h joreienemo, `hİni`rİmtopo koėore (En) eso h`ym`hjoreienemem yùh keromfemo (S)

gr`mİm` oŗet gi`f`htİr.• Êezeiom cu kìj` ŗoheiioremo jüro

emvortürùm tùn porlgrn`msp`r`notroiore aos`pi`m`f`htİr.


EGυt

En

υt\[0

\n

-\n

-En

EV υtEn

h h h h


• TZN emvortür huii`mİi`r`h oiko ė ŗ



okeiom @F joreienem lroh`msİt`n`nom hgmtrgi semyìememlroh`msİm` c`ėiİ gi`r`hgiuŗn`ht`kİr.

• Ĵmvortür huii`mİi`r`h oiko okeiom@F joreienem jomieėe eso ehe l`rhiİyümtonio hgmtrgi okeioceinohtoker.Cu ümtonior

Koėeŗhom lroh`msiİ joreienjorohom uyjui`nì`rk`

huii`mİi`m 0 l`ziİ joreienh`ym`hiİ TZN emvortürùmrozestel yùhto êìİŗİrhom keėor

jùê kovroioremko gikuėu jece,0) Êİhİŗ joreienemem othem koėore,

3) Êİhİŗ `hİnİmİm othem koėore,

• 0) Koėeŗhom h`ym`h joreiene(\s) huii`mİi`r`h,

• 3) Koėeŗhom othem porygt (h)huii`mİi`r`hkİr.

• TZN emvortüriorko `kİmk`m k`

`mi`ŗİi`f`ėİ jece kà` êgh ehemfeyümton gi m othem porygt hgmtrgiùyümtone huii`mİin`ht`kİr.


6) Othem êİhİŗ jùfù,

;) H`ym`h `hİnİmİm grtì`n`koėore,


<) Kovromem vorene,

:) @màt`r joreiene,1) @màt`r `hİnİ,

aos`pi`m`ceier.


• 0) Êİhİŗ joreienemem othem koėore8 • 3) Êİhİŗ `hİnİmİm othem koėore8



) Ê ŗ j ė

• 0 l`ziİ joreien h`ym`hiİ emvortürùm(\VE) s`l rozestel yùhto giuŗ`m êİhİŗ joreiene ŝohei-:.;―ko jürùikùėù jecegikuėumk`m, êİhİŗ joreienemem othem

koėor oŗetieėe,

V

[

nrnsG \ h kt \ h

\ ..

3 /

3

)( >> ∨

) Ê ŗ ė

• 0 l`ziİ joreien h`ym`hiİ emvortürùm(\VE) s`l rozestel yùhto giuŗ`m êİhİŗ `hİnİ ŝohei-:.?―ko jürùikùėù jecegikuėumk`m, êİhİŗ `hİnİmİm othem

koėor oŗetieėe,\

kt E h

E rnsG[

nrnsG

)(

3 /

3

)( . >> ∨

gi`r`h cuium`ceiofohter.


4


4

τ 3τ

EG υt

En

-En

[

h

h> %044

h

τ 3τ

\G υt

\n

-\n

[

h

h> %044

h


• 6) Othem êİhİŗ jùfù8 ?) Grtì`n` jereŗ jùfù8



• Kovromem grtì`n` êİhİŗ jùfù,

Tg> Eg . \g

• ;) H`ym`h `hİnİ grt i`n` koėore8

• H`ym`ht`m êoheiom `hİnİm ŗohie,ŝohei-:.<―k`he jece gikuėum` jüro,

H`ym`ht`m êoheiom grtì`n` jereŗ jùfù `ŗ`ėİk`he jece gi`f`htİr.

Ts> Es . \s


<) Kovromem vorene8

Kovromem vorene,



κ> TG / TV gi`f`htİr.

:) @màt`r joreiene, @màt`rİm ùzoremo joiofoh gi`m

joreieno jüro,

\[> 0,6 . \n gi`f`htİr.

1) @màt`r `hİnİ8

@màt`rİm ùzoremkohe `hİn` jüro8

E[> 0,6 . En > 0,6 . \n / S

S

kt E

[

E V nrnsV

..

3 / 4

)( >> ∨

τ 3τ

[

EV υtEn

h h h h

h> %044


0 l`ziİ Joreien H`ym`hiİ TZN ŝohei-:.:―kom jürùikùėù jece



Ĵmvortürior (Omkùhtel yùhto)8 ŝohei-:.:―ko omkùhtel yùhto ê iİŗ`m

TZN emvortür jürùinohtoker.

+\s

+ \g -

[0K0

[6K6

Es

yùhùm omkùhtel gin`sİkurunumk`, yùh ùzoremkoheomorbemem cgŗì`ceinose eêemkovroyo sorcost joêeŗ keygti`rİ

ohiomneŗ kurunk`kİr. Vorcost joêeŗ keygti`rİ aor cer

tr`msestüro tors `rìoi gi`r`h


TZN

Vùrf-6

Vùrf-;

Vùrf-0

Vùrf-3[6

[;

[0

[3l h

Jùê kovrose

_y`rn` kv.

-[;K;

[3K3

Eg

+

-

ohioneŗter. Cu kurunk` grt`y`

êİh`m kovro kà` ümfo KFhİyİfİi`rk` emfoiomneŗ gi`m Osİmİlİ KF hİyİfİ kovrosegin`ht`kİr.

[`cee he cur`k` hgmtrgi n`mtİėİO sİmİlİ hİyİfİk`he jece koėeiker.Cu mokomio kovro emvortürgi`r`h êìİŗn`ht`kİr.

\EE ‖ KF/@F KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• ŝohei-:.:―ko jürùiom t`n hüprù K0 [0 K6 [6 K0 [0 K6 [6



TZN emvortürùm êgh omkùhtelporlgrn`msİmİ jüstorom kìj`ŗoheiiore y`m t`r`lt` ŝohei-:.1―kovoreineŗter.

• ŝoheikom jürùikùėù jece [0-[3 vo[6-[; eheieioremem porygkeh gi`r`hkovroyo sghuin`sİyi` estomomlroh`mst` h`ro kìj` lgrn`tİmk`

\Vυt

\n

\t0t3υt

0?\

0?\

\t6t; υt

K3

\G υt

\nh

h> %044

h

h

[3 K; [; K3 [3 K; [;


cer @F joreien êİhİŗ uêi`rİmk`

giuŗn`ht`kİr.• Cur`k` joreieniorem topo koėore(\n) h`ym`h joreienemo, `hİni`rİmtopo koėore (En) eso h`ym`hjoreienemem yùh onpok`msİm` (R)

gr`mİm` oŗet gi`f`htİr.• Êezeiom cu kìj` ŗoheiioremo jüro

emvortürùm tùn porlgrn`msp`r`notroiore aos`pi`m`f`htİr.

υt\[0\n

-\n

EGυt

En

-En

EVυt

En

-En


• 0) Êİhİŗ joreienemem othem koėore8 • 3) Êİhİŗ `hİnİmİm othem koėore8



• 0 l`ziİ joreien h`ym`hiİ emvortürùm(\VE) omkùhtel yùhto giuŗ`m êİhİŗ joreiene ŝohei-:.5―k` jürùikùėù jecegikuėumk`m, êİhİŗ joreienemem othem

koėor oŗetieėe,

V

[

nrnsG \ h kt \ h

\ ..

3 /

3

)( >> ∨

• 0 l`ziİ joreien h`ym`hiİ emvortürùm(\VE) s`l rozestel yùhto giuŗ`m êİhİŗ `hİnİ ŝohei-:.04―k` jürùikùėù jecegikuėumk`m, êİhİŗ `hİnİmİm othem

koėor oŗetieėe,\ h

kt E h

E n

[

nrnsG ..

; /

3

)( ≏≏ ∨



4


τ 3τ

\G υt

\n

-\n

[

h

h> %044

h

τ 3τ

[

EGυt

En

-En

4


• 6) Othem êİhİŗ jùfù8 ?) Grtì`n` jereŗ jùfù8




Tg> Eg . \g

• ;) H`ym`h `hİnİm othem koėore8

• H`ym`ht`m êoheiom `hİnİm ŗohie,ŝohei-:.00―kohe jece gikuėum` jüro,


Ts> Es . \s


<) Kovromem vorene8

Kovromem vorene,





joreieno jüro,

\[> 0,6 . \n gi`f`htİr.

1) @màt`r `hİnİ8


E[> 0,6 . En > 0,6 . \n / S

R

kt E

[

E nnrnsV .

3

.

3 / 4

3

)( ≏≏ ∨

τ 3τ

[

EV υt

En

-En


Ü h

Êüzùn2) S e el ùh h



Ürmoh2

344\kf ŗocohoko %?4 othemporygtiu uy`rn`k` êìİŗtİrİi`m

0 l`ziİ joreien h`ym`hiİ TZNemvortürùm,

`) Sozestel yùhto êİhİŗ joreienemem othem koėore,

\G> \V . −h

\G> 344 . −4,? > 0;4\ Êİhİŗ `hİnİmİm othem koėore,EG> \G / S> 0;4 / 04

E > 0;@


`) 04ℬ―iuh rozestel cer yùhù

cosiokeėemko giuŗ`f`h tùnkovro p`r`notroioreme,


cosiokeėemko giuŗ`f`h tùnkovro p`r`notroioremeaos`pi`yİmİz.


TG> EG.\G

TG> 0; . 0;4> 0,5<hZ

H`ym`h `hİnİmİm grtì`n` koėore,

EV> En . h> (\V / S) . h

EV> (344 / 04) .4,?EV> 04@



T \ E 344 04 3hZ


T E \



Ts> \s . Es > 344 . 04 > 3hZ

• Kovromem vorene,

κ> TG / TV

κ> 0,5<hZ / 3hZ> %51

@màt`r (tr`msestür) `hİnİ,

E[ ≯ \n /S + %64

TG> EG.\G

TG> 04 . 0;4> 0,;hZ

H`ym`h `hİnİ othem koėore,

EV> (\V / R).−(h/3)

EV> (344/04).−(4,?/3) > 04@



[ . ,

@màt`r (tr`msestür) joreiene,

\[ ≯ 344 . 0,6 ≯ 3<4\

c) Omkùhtel yùhto êİhİŗ joreienememothem koėore,

\G> \V.−h> 344.−4,?> 0;4\

Êİhİŗ `hİnİ othem koėore,EG> (\V / R).−(h/3)

EG> (344/04).−(4,?/3) > 04@

V V . V

TV> 04 . 344> 3hZ

Kovromem vorene,

κ> TG / TV

κ> 0,;hZ / 3hZ> %:4

@màt`r joreiene vo `hİnİ,

\[ ≯ 344 . 0,6 ≯ 3<4\

E[ ≯ (344 / 04) . 0,6 ≯ 3<@


• 3) 6 L`ziİ joreien h`ym`hiİTZN e tü i (\VE)

6 l`ziİ joreien h`ym`hiİ TZNemvortüriorko huii`mİin`ht` gi`m 3



TZN emvortürior (\VE)2• 6 l`ziİ joreien h`ym`hiİ TZN

emvortürior, s`m`yeko êgh ygėumgi`r`h huii`mİin`ht` gi`m 6 l`ziİ

`somhrgm ngtgri`rİm hgmtrgiu eêemhuii`mİin`ht`kİr.

• Cu emvortürior s`yosemko `somhrgm

emvortüriorko huii`mİin`ht` gi`m 3l`rhiİ hgmtrgi yümtonecuiumn`ht`kİr. Cu yümtonior,

`- 014˒ eioten hgmtrgiu,

c- 034˒ eioten hgmtrgiukur.• Cu yümtoniorkom ceremfese gi`m

014˒ eioten hgmtrgiumk`, emvortürù ,

- Ugi vorno,

- Aİz hgmtrgiu,

- Uüm hgmtrgiu,

- Lromiono hgmtrgiu,

hgi`yiİhi`jorêohioŗtereioceinohtoker.

• Vgm yİii`rk` ETN―ior huii`mİi`r`hcu kovroior kà` k` y`yİinİŗtİr.


g uŗ ur`m or r j ê o on`mİ,014˒ eiotenko, 014˒―ko yìİtİnk`tutuin`ht`kİr.

• Ĵhemfe yümton gi`m 034˒ eiotenhgmtrgiumk` eso emvortürù giuŗtur`maor cer jùê oion`mİ, 034˒ eiotenko,

3;4˒―ko yìİtİnk` tutuin`ht`kİr.• ŝenke cu yümtonior sİr`sİyi`

emfoiomofohter.


6 l`ziİ Joreien H`ym`hiİ TZN Ĵmvortür (yİikİz c`ėiİ yùhto vo 014˒ eiotenko)8

ŝohei : 03―ko 6 l`ziİ joreien h`ym`hiİ TZN emvortürùm (\VE) yİikİz yùh vo



ŝohei-:.03―ko 6 l`ziİ joreien h`ym`hiİ TZN emvortürùm (\VE), yİikİz yùh vo014˒ uy`rn` eêem, jùê vo hgmtrgi kovroioremem c`ėi`mtİsİ jürùinohtoker.

+\s-

6 l`ziİyİikİz (U)c`ėiİrozestel

V`cetjomiehie

KFh` m`h

[0

K0

[6

K6

[?

K?

S@

SC

E@

+ \@M -EV

+\@C

- M


yK;

K<

K3 SF

Jùê Kovrose_y`rn` Kovrose

@

CFK

@

C

F

K

[0

[;

[6

[<

[?

[3

l h

Vùrf-0 Vùrf-6 Vùrf-?

Vùrf-; Vùrf-< Vùrf-3

6xTZN


• ŝohei-:.03―kom jürùikùėù jece, KFh`ym`ht`m 6 l`ziİ @F oiko

Kovromem êİhİŗİm` c`ėi`mnİŗ gi`myİikİz c`ėiİ ùêl`ziİ yùh eso aor cer



h`ym`ht`m 6 l`ziİ @F oikookoceinoh eêem 6 l`ziİ kgėruitufuk`gikuėu jece < `kot jùê `màt`rİhuii`mİi`r`h cer 6 l`ziİ tr`msestürhüprùsù huruinuŗtur.

• Hüprùkohe tr`msestürioro torsp`rìoi gi`r`h c`ėi`mnİŗ gi`mke gti`r eso omkùhtel ùhiorko

yİikİz c`ėiİ ùêl`ziİ yùh eso aor certr`msestür eheiese êİhİŗİm`c`ėi`mnİŗtİr. Uùh keromêiorememgrt`h ufu eso mütr (M)

kurunumk`kİr. Kovromem hgmtrgi okeioceinose eêem

eso promsep gi`r`h 6 `kot TZN

sorcost joêeŗe s`ėi`n`h eêem

huii`mİinİŗtİr.• Cu c`ėi`mtİk` k` `màt`ri`r` 6

l`ziİ hüprù kgėruitufuk` huii`mİi`mmun`rì`rİm `ymİsİ voreineŗter.Cumum mokome hüprù êİhİŗİmk`

034―ŗor korofo l`z l`rhiİ 6 `kot @Fjoreien giuŗ`ceinose eêem `ymİsİr`mİm eziomnose jorohieieėeker.


giup cumi`rk`m aor cerese cer l`zİm

giuŗn`sİmİ s`ėi`n`ht`kİr. Aor cer TZN kovrosemem êİhİŗİm`

k` sùrùfùior c`ėi`m`r`h (gptgf.vc.) tr`msestüriorem othem gi`r`hhgmtrgiu s`ėi`mn`ht`kİr.

_yjui`n`k` aor ùê l`zİm TZNsemyìiore toh cer nehrgeŗionfe eioùroteinohtoker.

\EE ‖ KF/@F KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• ŝohei-:.03―ko jürùiom 6 l`ziİ

kovromem porlgrn`msİmİ jüstorom

[0

[<[?

[0

[<[3

[0

[6[3

[;

[6[3

[;

[6[?

[;

[<[?

[0

[<[?

[0

[<[3

[0

[6[3

[;

[6[3

[;

[6[?

[;

[<[?\



kovromem porlgrn`msİmİ jüstoromuy`rn` kìj` ŗoheiiore ŝohei-:.06―ko, jùê kovrose kìj` ŗoheiioreko ŝohei-:.0;―ko voreineŗter.

\ υth

4 τ 3τ 6τ ;τ4 014˒ 6<4˒ ?;4˒ :34˒

\`cυt

[<[? [<[3 [6[3 [6[3 [6[? [<[? [<[? [<[3 [6[3 [6[3 [6[? [<[?

\cfυt

\Vυt

\n

\n

\n


\t;

\t6

\t<

\t?

\t3

υth

υth

υt

υth

υth

h

\f`

\cmυt

\fmυt

\`m

υt3\n /6\n /6

3\n /6


• ŝohei-:.06―kom jürùikùėù jece

rolor`ms gi`r`h ìkİėİnİz ceremfe ŝohei-:.0;―ko voreiom jùê kovrose

kìj` ŗoheiioremo c`hİikİėİmk`



rolor`ms gi`r`h ìkİėİnİz ceremfel`zİ (@) giuŗtur`ceinoh eêem [0 vo[; tr`msestürioremo 014 korofo l`zl`rhiİ ehe h`ro kìj` hgmtrgi semyìeuyjui`m`f`htİr.

• Ĵhemfe l`zİ (C) giuŗtur`ceinoh eêemso[6 vo [< tr`msestürioremo yemo `ymİtors h`ro k i ì`r 034 korofo l`z

kìj` ŗoheiioremo c`hİikİėİmk`y`pİi`m 014 korofoieh uy`rn`sgmufumk`, estomeiom lroh`mst`,034―ŗor korofo l`z l`rhiİ vo ’\n„topo koėorie 6 `kot a`t joreiene(\`c, …) eio yemo homke `rì`rİmk`034―ŗor korofo l`z l`rhiİ vo’3.\n/6„ to o koėorie 6 `kot l`z

h`ykİrİi`r`h uyjui`mnİŗtİr.

• Ùêùmfù l`zİ giuŗturn`h eêem eso [?vo [3 tr`msestürioremo yemo `ymİtors h`ro kìjì`r 3;4 korofo l`zh`ykİrİi`r`h uyjui`mnİŗtİr.

• Cüyioiehio 6 l`ziİ @F oikookoceinoh eêem [0―kom [<―y` h`k`rtr`msestürior <4―`r korofo `r`yi`014² sùrùinùŗ gin`ht`kİr.


joreiene (\`m, …) giuŗn`ht`kİr.

ŝohei-:.0;―ko jüstoreiom h`konoiel`z joreienioremem giuŗunu `ŗ`ėİk`ŝohei-:.0?―ko jüstoreineŗter.

S@

SF

SC

+\V

-

SC

SF

S@

S@

SC

SF

+ \s/6 -

+ 3\s/6 -

+ \s/6 -

`) 4˒ - <4˒ c) <4˒ - 034˒ f) 034˒ - 014˒


• ŝohei-:.0?―ko voreiom yùh oŗkoėor

kovroioremkom jürùikùėù jece eih 6 l`ziİ joreien h`ym`hiİ TZN

emvortür kovrosemem yİikİz yùhtohe



kovroioremkom jürùikùėù jece, eih<4 korofoieh keienko [0-[<-[?eiotenko gikuėu eêem yùh ’`„ŗohiemko jürùikùėù jece S`-Sfp`rìoi Sc eso gmi`r` sorekurunk`kİr. Cu kurunk` S`ùzoreko ’\s/6„ h`k`riİh cer joreienkùŗùnù gi`f`htİr.

emvortür kovrosemem yİikİz yùhtohek`j` ŗoheiioremkom y`r`ri`m`r`hkeėor jùê kovroioremko gikuėu jeceaos`pi`nì`r y`pİi`ceier.

0) Êİhİŗ l`z vo a`t joreieniorememothem koėore,

• Ĵhemfe <4 korofoieh keienko eso ’c„

ŗohiemko jürùikùėù jece Sc-Sfp`rìoi S` eso gmi`r` sorekurunk`kİr. Cu kurunk` S`ùzoreko ’3\s/6„ h`k`riİh cer joreienkùŗùnù gi`f`htİr.

• Ùêùmfù <4 korofoieh keienko esoS` keromfe yemo p`rìoio jerkeėe eêemùzoremko ’\s/6„ jürùiofohter.


othem koėore,

6) Othem êİhİŗ jùfù,;) H`ym`h `hİnİ grtì n` koėore,


<) Kovromem vorene,

:) @màt`r joreiene,

1) @màt`r `hİnİ.


• 0`) Êİhİŗ a`t joreiene othem koėore8

• 6 l`ziİ joreien h`ym`hiİ emvortürùm

• 0c) Êİhİŗ l`z joreiene othem koėore8




6 l`ziİ joreien h`ym`hiİ emvortürùm(\VE) yİikİz yùhto giuŗ`m êİhİŗ a`tjoreiene ŝohei-:.0<―k` jürùikùėùjece gikuėumk`m, êİhİŗ joreienemem

othem koėor oŗetieėe `ŗ`ėİk`kİr.

\`c(rns) > \n . −h

6 l`ziİ joreien h`ym`hiİ emvortürùm(\VE) yİikİz yùhto giuŗ`m êİhİŗ l`zjoreiene ŝohei-:.0:―ko jürùikùėùjece gikuėumk`m, êİhİŗ joreienemem


\`m(rns) ≁ (\n/6) . −X(t0+t6) / [^

\`c(rns)> \n . −(t0/[)


\`cυt

\n

t0 t3

4 <4 034 014

[

+ (3\n/6) . −(t3 / [)

t0 t6

4 <4 034 014

[

\`m

υt3\n /6

\n /6

t3


• 3) Êİhİŗ a`t-l`z `hİnİ othem koėore8


• 6) Othem êİhİŗ jùfù8




6 l`ziİ joreien h`ym`hiİ emvortürùmyİikİz yùhto giuŗ`m êİhİŗ a`t vo l`z`hİnİ ŝohei-:.01―ko jürùikùėù jecegikuėumk`m, êİhİŗ `hİnİmİm othem

koėor oŗetieėe `ŗ`ėİk`kİr.

E`(rns) ≁ (\n/6S) . −X(t0+t6) / [^

Kovromem grtì`n` êİhİŗ jùfù,

Tg > 6/3 . E`m . \`m

• ;) H`ym`h `hİnİm grt i`n` koėore8

• H`ym`ht`m êoheiom `hİnİm ŗohie,ŝohei-:.05―k`he jece gikuėum` jüro,

+ (3\n/6S) . −(t3 / [)


t0 t6

4 <4 034 014

[

E`m

υt3\n /6S\n /6S

t3

Es > 3.\n / 6.S


4 <4 034 014

EVυt

3\n /6S


Ceiemkeėe jece 6 l`ziİ sestonkoyİikİz c`ėi`mtİmİm y`mİsİr`

?) Grtì`n` jereŗ jùfù8

H`ym`ht`m êoheiom grtì`n` jereŗ



yİikİz c`ėi`mtİmİm y`mİsİr`ùêjom c`ėi`mtİ k` üzoiiehioyùhsoh jùêiorkohuii`mİin`ht`kİr.

014 korofo eiotenko yİikİz c`ėiİyùhtohe porlgrn`msİmİemfoioke enez 6 l`ziİ oreien

y ê j ŗjùfù `ŗ`ėİk`he jece gi`f`htİr.

Ts> Es . \s


<) Kovromem vorene8

Kovromem vorene,


h`ym`hiİ TZN emvrotürùm

ùêjom c`ėiİ yùhto êìİŗtİrİin`sİkurunumk` kovro y`pİsİmk`,kìj` ŗoheiioremko voporlgrn`ms aos`pi`nì`rİmk`giuŗ`f`h koėeŗehiehior yemo 014korofo êìİŗn` kurunu eêem`ŗ`ėİk`he cüiùnko yrİmtİsİyièmfoiomofohter.



joreieno jüro,

\[> 0,6 . \n gi`f`htİr.

1) @màt`r `hİnİ8


E[> 0,6 . En > 0,6 . 3\n / 6S

ÜKO\-0;



0;.0) 644\kf ŗocohoko, 044Az lroh`msiİ vo %?4 othem porygtiu TZNeio êìİŗtİrİi`m vo <ℬ rozestel cer yùhù cosioyom 0 l`ziİ \VE―mİm,

`) Kovro ŗon`sİmİ t`n gi`r`h êezemez, `hİn vo joreien yümioreme kovro

ùzoremko jüstoremez.c) Kovromem tonoi kìj` ŗoheiioreme koėorioreyio ceriehto êezemez.

.

0;.3) ?44\kf ŗocohoko, 044Az lroh`ms vo 014² eioten ngkumk`êìİŗtİrİi`m vo ?ℬ yİikİz cer yùhù cosioyom 6 l`ziİ \VE―mİm,`) Kovro ŗon`sİmİ t`n gi`r`h êezemez, `hİn vo joreien yümioreme kovroùzoremko jüstoremez.





6 l`ziİ Joreien H`ym`hiİ TZN Ĵmvortür (ùêjom c`ėiİ yùhto vo 014˒ eiotenko)8

ŝohei-:.34―ko 6 l`ziİ joreien h`ym`hiİ TZN emvortürùm (\VE), ùêjom yùh vo



ŝ j y ( ) êj y014˒ uy`rn` eêem, jùê vo hgmtrgi kovroioremem c`ėi`mtİsİ jürùinohtoker.

+\s-

V`cetjomiehie

KFh` m`h

[0

K0

[6

K6

[?

K?

EV

6 l`ziİùêjomc`ėiİrozestel

S@

SC

E@

+ \@C -

+\@C

- ES`

@

C


K;

K<

K3


@CFK

@

C

F

K

[0

[;

[6

[<

[?

[3

l h



6xTZN

SFF


• ŝohei-:.34―kom jürùikùėù jece, KF

h`ym`ht`m ùêjom yùhto 6 l`ziİ @Fik k cei h e e 6 l i

Kovromem êİhİŗİm` c`ėi`mnİŗ gi`m

ùêjom c`ėiİ ùê l`ziİ yùhùm hüŗoioree a ce e ü eheie e h



oiko okoceinoh eêem 6 l`ziİkgėruitufuk` gikuėu jece < `kotjùê `màt`rİ huii`mİi`r`h cer 6 l`ziİtr`msestür hüprùsù huruinuŗtur.

• Hüprùkohe tr`msestürioro torsp`rìoi gi`r`h c`ėi`mnİŗ gi`mke gti`r eso omkùhtel ùhiorko

eso aor cer tr`msestür eheiese êİhİŗİm`c`ėi`mnİŗtİr. Ceiemkeėe jece ùêjomc`ėi`mtİk` mütr mght`sİgiuŗn`n`ht`kİr.

Kovromem hgmtrgi okeioceinose eêemeso promsep gi`r`h 6 `kot TZN

sorcost joêeŗe s`ėi`n`h eêem

huii`mİinİŗtİr.• Cu c`ėi`mtİk` k` `màt`ri`r` 6l`ziİ hüprù kgėruitufuk` huii`mİi`mmun`rì`rİm `ymİsİ voreineŗter.Cumum mokome hüprù êİhİŗİmk`

034―ŗor korofo l`z l`rhiİ 6 `kot @Fjoreien giuŗ`ceinose eêem `ymİsİr`mİm eziomnose jorohieieėeker.


giup cumi`rk`m aor cerese cer l`zİm

giuŗn`sİmİ s`ėi`n`ht`kİr. Aor cer TZN kovrosemem êİhİŗİm`

k` sùrùfùior c`ėi`m`r`h (gptgf.vc.) tr`msestüriorem othem gi`r`hhgmtrgiu s`ėi`mn`ht`kİr.

_yjui`n`k` aor ùê l`zİm TZNsemyìiore toh cer nehrgeŗionfe eioùroteinohtoker.


kovromem porlgrn`msİmİ jüstoromuy`rn` kìj` ŗoheiiore ŝohei

[0[<[?

[0[<[3

[0[6[3

[;[6[3

[;[6[?

[;[<[?

[0[<[?

[0[<[3

[0[6[3

[;[6[3

[;[6[?

[;[<[?

t\n



uy`rn` kìj` ŗoheiiore ŝohei-:.30―ko, jùê kovrose kìj` ŗoheiioreko ŝohei-:.33―ko voreineŗter.

\ υth

4 τ 3τ 6τ ;τ4 014˒ 6<4˒ ?;4˒ :34˒

\`cυt

\cfυt

\Vυt

\n

\n

N.Mofkot UEIKER JÙÊ OIOH[SGMĴĝĴ

-0 KOSV MG[I@SE 31

\t;

\t6

\t<

\t?

\t3

υth

υth

υt

υth

υth

h

\f`

ECυt

EFυt

E@υt3\n /S\n /S

3\n /S


• ŝohei-:.30―kom jürùikùėù jece

rolor`ms gi`r`h ìkİėİnİz ceremfel`zİ (@) giuŗtur`ceinoh eêem [0 vo

ŝohei-:.33―ko voreiom jùê kovrose

kìj` ŗoheiioremo c`hİikİėİmkì 014 k ieh



l`zİ (@) giuŗtur`ceinoh eêem [0 vo[; tr`msestürioremo 014 korofo l`zl`rhiİ ehe h`ro kìj` hgmtrgi semyìeuyjui`m`f`htİr.


y`pİi`m 014 korofoieh uy`rn`sgmufumk`, estomeiom lroh`mst`,034―ŗor korofo l`z l`rhiİ vo ’\n„topo koėorie 6 `kot a`t-l`z joreiene(\`c, …) eio yemo homke `rì`rİmk`034―ŗor korofo l`z l`rhiİ vo’3.\n/S„ to o koėorie 6 `kot a`t



• Cüyioiehio 6 l`ziİ @F oiko

okoceinoh eêem [0―kom [<―y` h`k`rtr`msestürior <4―`r korofo `r`yi`014² sùrùinùŗ gin`ht`kİr.


`hİnİ (E`, …) giuŗn`ht`kİr.

ŝohei-:.33―ko jüstoreiom h`konoiea`t `hİni`rİmİm giuŗunu `ŗ`ėİk`ŝohei-:.36―ko jüstoreineŗter.

S@

SC

SF

+

\V-

\s/S

`) 4˒ - <4˒ c) <4˒ - 034˒ f) 034˒ - 014˒

3\s/S \s/S

@

C

F

@

C

F

@

C

F

S@

SC

SF

S@

SC

SF


• ŝohei-:.36―ko voreiom yùh oŗkoėor

kovroioremkom jürùikùėù jece, eih<4 korofoieh keienko [0 [< [?

6 l`ziİ joreien h`ym`hiİ TZN

emvortür kovrosemem ùêjom yùhtohek heii e k i h



<4 korofoieh keienko [0-[<-[?eiotenko gikuėu eêem yùh ’`„ŗohiemko jürùikùėù jece S`-Scp`rìoi Sc eso hİs` kovrokurunk`kİr. Cu kurunk` êİhİŗ @l`z a`ttİ ùzorekom ’\s/S„ h`k`riİhcer `hİn joêeŗe gi`f`htİr.

k`j` ŗoheiioremkom y`r`ri`m`r`hkeėor jùê kovroioremko gikuėu jeceaos`pi`nì`r y`pİi`ceier.

0) Êİhİŗ l`z vo a`t `hİni`rİmİmothem koėore,


ŗohiemko jürùikùėù jece S`-Sfp`rìoi Sf eso hİs` kovrokurunk`kİr. Cu kurunk` êİhİŗ @l`z a`ttİ ùzorekom ’3\s/S„ h`k`riİhcer `hİn joêeŗe gi`f`htİr.

• Ùêùmfù <4 korofoieh keienko esoS` keromfe hİs` kovroyo jerkeėe eêema`t ùzoremko ’\s/S„ jürùiofohter.


othem koėore,



<) Kovromem vorene,


1) @màt`r `hİnİ.


• 0`) Êİhİŗ l`z `hİnİ othem koėore8

• 6 l`ziİ joreien h`ym`hiİ emvortürùm(\VE) ùêjom yùhto giuŗ`m êİhİŗ l`z

• 0c) Êİhİŗ a`t `hİnİ othem koėore8

• 6 l`ziİ joreien h`ym`hiİ emvortürùm(\VE) ù ùht i h a t



(\VE) ùêjom yùhto giuŗ`m êİhİŗ l`z`hİnİ ŝohei-:.3;―ko jürùikùėù jecegikuėumk`m, êİhİŗ l`z `hİnİmİmothem koėor oŗetieėe `ŗ`ėİk`kİr.

ES`(rns) > \n/S . −h

(\VE) ùêjom yùhto giuŗ`m êİhİŗ a`t`hİnİ ŝohei-:.3?―ko jürùikùėù jecegikuėumk`m, êİhİŗ a`t `hİnİmİm


E@(rns) ≁ (\n/S) . −X(t0+t6) / [^

ES`(rns) > \n/S . −(t0/[)


ES`υt

\n /S

t0 t3

4 <4 034 014

[

+ (3\n/S) . −(t3 / [)

t0 t6

4 <4 034 014

[

E@υt

3\n /S\n /S

t3


• 3) Êİhİŗ a`t-l`z joreiene othem koėr.8

• 6 l`ziİ joreien h`ym`hiİ emvortürùmùêjom yùhto giuŗ`m êİhİŗ a`t vo


• Kovromem grtì`n` êİhİŗ jùfù,T E \



ùêjom yùhto giuŗ`m êİhİŗ a`t vol`z joreien ŝohei-:.3<―k` jürùikùėùjece gikuėumk`m, êİhİŗ joreienememothem koėor oŗetieėe `ŗ`ėİk`kİr.

\@C(rns) > \n . −h

Tg > 6 . ES` . \@C


• H`ym`ht`m êoheiom `hİnİm ŗohie,ŝohei-:.3:―kohe jece gikuėum` jüro,

\@C(rns) > \n . −(t0/[)


Es > 3.\n / S


4 <4 034 014

EVυt

3\n /S

\@Cυt

\n

t0 t3

4 <4 034 014

[


Ürmoh2 344\kf ŗocohoko 014 korofo


H`ym`ht`m êoheiom grtì`n` jereŗ jùfù `ŗ`ėİk`he jece gi`f`htİr



uy`rn`k` êìİŗtİrİi`m 6 l`ziİjoreien h`ym. TZN emvortürùm,

`) 6x04ℬ―iuh yİikİz c`ėiİ yùhùcosiokeėemko giuŗ`f`h tùnkovro p`r`notroioreme,


Ts> Es . \s


<) Kovromem vorene8

Kovromem vorene,


x u êjom İ ycosiokeėemko giuŗ`f`h tùnkovro p`r`notroioremeaos`pi`yİmİz.

Êüzùn2

`) 6x04ℬ―iuh yİikİz c`ėiİ yùhcosiomnose kurunumk`,

Êİhİŗ a`t joreienemem othemkoėore8



joreieno jüro,

\[> 0,6 . \n gi`f`htİr.

1) @màt`r `hİnİ8


E[> 0,6 . En > 0,6 . 3 . \n / S


\`c(rns)> \n . −(t0/[)

\`c(rns)> 344 . −(<,<</04)

E`(rns)≁ (344/6.04).−X(<,<<) / 04^

+ (3.344/6.04) . −(6.66 / 04)



\`c(rns)> 0<6,30\

Êİhİŗ l`z joreienemem othemkoėore8

\`m(rns) ≁ (\n /6) . −X(t0+t6) / [^

+ (3\n /6) . −(t3 / [)

E`(rns) ≁ ?,;; + :,<5

E`(rns) ≁ 06,06@

Othem êİhİŗ jùfù8Tg > 6/3 . E` . \ m

Tg> 6/3.06,06.060,6> 3,?1hZ


\`m(rns) ≁ (344/6) . −X(<,<<) / 04^

+ (3.344/6) . −(6.66 / 04)\`m(rns) ≁ ?;,; + :<,5;

\`m(rns) ≁ 060,6\

Êİhİŗ l`z vo a`t `hİni`rİmİm

othem koėore8E`(rns) ≁ (\n /6S) . −X(t0+t6) / [^

+ (3\n /6S) . −(t3 / [)

H`ym`h hİnİmİm grtì`n`

koėore8Es > 3.\n / 6.S

Es > 3.344 / 6.04 > 06,66@

H`ym`ht`m êoheiom jùê8

Ts > Es . \sTs> 06,66 . 344> 3,<<hZ

\EE ‖ KF/@F KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS Kovromem vorene8

κ> Tg / Te3 ?1hZ / 3 <<hZ %5: 3

Êİhİŗ a`t `hİnİmİm othem koėore8

E`(rns) ≁ (\n /S) . −X(t0+t6) / [^(3\ /S) −(t3 / [)



κ> 3,?1hZ / 3,<<hZ> %5:,3

@màt`r joreiene8

\[> \n . 0,6> 344 . 0,6> 3<4\

@màt`r hİnİ8

E[> En.0,6> 344/04.0,6> 3<@

+ (3\n /S) . −(t3 / [)

E`(rns) ≁ (344/04) . −X(<,<<) / 04^

+ (3.344/04) .−(6,66 / 04)E`(rns) ≁ 0<,63 + 36,4 ≁ 65,63@

Êİhİŗ l`z `hİnİmİm othem koėore8


c) 6x04ℬ―iuh ùêjom c`ėiİ yùhcosiomnose kurunumk`,

Êİhİŗ a`t vo l`z joreieniorememothem koėore8

\`c(rns)> \n . −(t0/[)\`c(rns)> 344 . −(<,<</04)

\`c(rns)> 0<6,30\

ES`(rns) > \n /S . −(t0/[)

ES`(rns) > 344/04 . −(<,<</04)ES`(rns) > 0<,63@

Othem êİhİŗ jùfù8

Tg > 6 . Er` . \`c

Tg > 6 . 0<,63 . 0<6,30Tg > :,55hZ


H`ym`h hİnİmİm grtì`n`

koėore8E 3 \ / S

Kà` ümfokom ko coierteikeėe

jece koėeŗhom jomieh volroh`msiİ ùê l`ziİ seston



Es > 3.\n / S

Es > 3.344 / 04 > ;4@

H`ym`ht`m êoheiom jùê8

Ts > Es . \s

Ts> ;4 . 344> 1,4hZ

lroh`msiİ ùê l`ziİ sestongiuŗturn`h eêem huii`mİin`ht`gi`m ùê l`ziİ joreien h`ym`hiİ

TZN emvortüriorko 014 korofoêìİŗn` kurunumk`m l`rhiİgi`r`h cer ko 034 korofo


Kovromem vorene8

κ> Tg / Teκ> :,55hZ / 1,4hZ > %55,1

@màt`r joreiene8

\[> \n . 0,6> 344 . 0,6> 3<4\

@màt`r hİnİ8E[> En.0,6> 344/04.0,6> 3<@

êìİŗn` kurunu k`huii`mİin`ht`kİr.

Cumk`m sgmr`he cüiùnkojoreien h`ym`hiİ TZNemvortürùm 034² eioten ngkumk`êìİŗtİrİin`sİ kurunumk`giuŗ`f`h porlgrn`msİ`yrİmtİsİyi` emfoiomnoyoêìİŗİi`f`htİr.


6 l`ziİ Joreien H`ym`hiİ TZN Ĵmvortür (yİikİz c`ėiİ yùhto vo 034˒ eiotenko)8

ŝohei-:.31―ko 6 l`ziİ joreien h`ym`hiİ TZN emvortürùm (\VE), yİikİz yùh vo034˒ uy`rn` eêem, jùê vo hgmtrgi kovroioremem c`ėi`mtİsİ jürùinohtoker.



034 uy`rn` eêem, jùê vo hgmtrgi kovroioremem c`ėi`mtİsİ jürùinohtoker.

+\s-

6 l`ziİyİikİz (U)c`ėiİrozestel

V`cetjomiehie

KFh` m`h

[0

K0

[6

K6

[?

K?

S@

SC

E@

+ \@M -EV

+\@C

- M


yK;

K<

K3 SF


@C

FK

@

C

F

K

[0

[;

[6

[<

[?

[3

l h



6xTZN


kovromem 034² uy`rn`porlgrn`msİmİ jüstorom uy`rn`kìj` ŗoheiiore ŝohei-: 35―k` jùê

[0[<

[0[3

[6[3

[6[;

[?[;

[?[<

\Vυt\n

[0[<

[0[3

[6[;

[?[;

[?[<

[6[3

\



kìj` ŗoheiiore ŝohei :.35 k`, jùêkovrose kìj` ŗoheiiore ko ŝohei-:.64―k` voreineŗter.

\ υth

4 τ 3τ 6τ ;τ4 014˒ 6<4˒ ?;4˒ :34˒

\`c

υt\n

\n /3

\cf

υt\n\n /3


\t;

\t6

\t<

\t?

\t3

υth

υth

υt

υth

υth

h

\fm υt

\cmυt

\n /3

\`mυt

\n /3

\f`

υtn

\n /3


• ŝohei-:.35―k`m jürùikùėù jece

rolor`ms gi`r`h ìkİėİnİz ceremfel`zİ (@) giuŗtur`ceinoh eêem [0 vo

ŝohei-:.64―k` voreiom jùê kovrose

kìj` ŗoheiioremo c`hİikİėİmk`y`pİi`m 034 korofoieh uy`rn`



[; tr`msestürioremo 014 korofo l`zl`rhiİ 034² othem gi`m h`ro kìj`hgmtrgi semyìe uyjui`m`f`htİr.


sgmufumk`, estomeiom lroh`mst`,034―ŗor korofo l`z l`rhiİ vo ’\n„topo koėorie 6 `kot a`t joreiene(\`c, …) eio yemo homke `rì`rİmk`034―ŗor korofo l`z l`rhiİ vo ’\n/3„to o koėorie 6 `kot l`z oreiene




okoceinoh eêem [0―kom [<―y` h`k`rtr`msestürior yemo <4―`r korofo`r`yi` 034² sùrùinùŗ gin`ht`kİr.


(\`m, …) giuŗn`ht`kİr.

ŝohei-:.64―k` jüstoreiom h`konoiea`t joreienioremem giuŗunu `ŗ`ėİk`ŝohei-:.60―ko jüstoreineŗter.

S@

SC

SF

+\V

-

\s

`) 4˒ - <4˒ c) <4˒ - 034˒ f) 034˒ - 014˒

+\s/3-\s/3

@

F

@

C

F

@

C

F

S@

SC

SF

S@

SC

SF


• ŝohei-:.60―ko voreiom yùh oŗkoėor

kovroioremkom jürùikùėù jece, eih<4 korofoieh keienko [0-[<ei e k ik e e h


emvortür kovrosemem yİikİz yùhtohek`j` ŗoheiioremkom y`r`ri`m`r`h



eiotenko gikuėu eêem yùh ’`„ŗohiemko jürùikùėù jece S`-Sc soreSf eso cgŗ kurunk`kİr. Cu

kurunk` S` vo Sc ùzoreko ’\s/3„h`k`riİh joreien kùŗùniore gi`f`hvo \`c> \s gi`f`htİr.

j ŗ ykeėor jùê kovroioremko gikuėu jeceaos`pi`nì`r y`pİi`ceier.

0) Êİhİŗ l`z vo a`t joreieniorememothem koėore,


ŗohiemko jürùikùėù jece S`-Sf soreSc eso cgŗ kurunk`kİr. Cukurunk` S` vo Sf ùzoreko ’\s/3„h`k`riİh joreien kùŗùniore gi`f`hvo \`c> \r`> +\s/3 gi`f`htİr.

• Ùêùmfù <4 korofoieh keienko esoS` keromfe cgŗt` ìkİėİ eêem \`c> -\rc> -\s/3 gi`f`htİr.


othem koėore,



<) Kovromem vorene,


1) @màt`r `hİnİ.


• 0`) Êİhİŗ l`z joreiene othem koėore8

• 6 l`ziİ joreien h`ym`hiİ emvortürùmyİikİz yùhto giuŗ`m êİhİŗ l`z

• 0c) Êİhİŗ a`t joreiene othem koėore8

• 6 l`ziİ joreien h`ym`hiİ emvortürùmyİikİz yùhto giuŗ`m êİhİŗ a`t



joreiene ŝohei-:.63―ko jürùikùėùjece gikuėumk`m, êİhİŗ joreienememothem koėor oŗetieėe `ŗ`ėİk`kİr.

\`m(rns) > (\n/3) . −h

joreiene ŝohei-:.66―ko jürùikùėùjece gikuėumk`m, êİhİŗ joreienememothem koėor oŗetieėe `ŗ`ėİk`kİr.

\`c(rns) ≁ (\n/3) . −X(t0+t6) / [^

\`m(rns) > (\n/3) . −(t0/[)


\`mυt

\n /3

t0 t3

4 <4 034 014

[

+ \n . −(t3 / [)

t0 t6

4 <4 034 014

[

\`m

υt

\n

\n /3

t3


• 3) Êİhİŗ a`t-l`z `hİnİ othem koėore8

• 6 l`ziİ joreien h`ym`hiİ emvortürùmyİikİz yùhto giuŗ`m êİhİŗ a`t vo l`z


• Kovromem grtì`n` êİhİŗ jùfù,Tg > 6 . E`m . \`m



`hİnİ ŝohei-:.6;―ko jürùikùėù jecegikuėumk`m, êİhİŗ `hİnİmİm othemkoėor oŗetieėe `ŗ`ėİk`kİr.

El`z(rns) > (\n/3S) . −h


• H`ym`ht`m êoheiom `hİnİm ŗohie,ŝohei-:.6?―kohe jece gikuėum` jüro,

El`z(rns) > (\n/3S) . −(t0/[)


Es > \n / 3S


4 <4 034 014

EVυt

\n /3S

\`mυt

\n /3S

t0 t3

4 <4 034 014

[


Ceiemkeėe jece 6 l`ziİ sestonko

yİikİz c`ėi`mtİmİm y`mİsİr`ùêjom c`ėi`mtİ k` üzoiiehio





yùhsoh jùêiorkohuii`mİin`ht`kİr.

034 korofo eiotenko yİikİz c`ėiİyùhtohe porlgrn`msİmİemfoioke enez 6 l`ziİ oreien

Ts> Es . \s


<) Kovromem vorene8

Kovromem vorene,


h`ym`hiİ TZN emvrotürùm

ùêjom c`ėiİ yùhto êìİŗtİrİin`sİkurunumk` kovro y`pİsİmk`,kìj` ŗoheiioremko voporlgrn`ms aos`pi`nì`rİmk`giuŗ`f`h koėeŗehiehior yemo 034

korofo êìİŗn` kurunu eêem`ŗ`ėİk`he cüiùnko yrİmtİsİyièmfoiomofohter.



joreieno jüro,

\[> 0,6 . \n gi`f`htİr.

1) @màt`r `hİnİ8@màt`rİm ùzoremkohe `hİn` jüro8

E[> 0,6 . En > 0,6 . \n / 3S


6 l`ziİ Joreien H`ym`hiİ TZN Ĵmvortür (ùêjom c`ėiİ yùhto vo 034˒ eiotenko)8

ŝohei-:.6<―k` 6 l`ziİ joreien h`ym`hiİ TZN emvortürùm (\VE), ùêjom yùh vo034˒ uy`rn` eêem, jùê vo hgmtrgi kovroioremem c`ėi`mtİsİ jürùinohtoker.



+\s-

V`cetjomiehie

KFh` m`h

[0

K0

[6

K6

[?

K?

EV6 l`ziİùêjomc`ėiİrozestel

S@

SC

E@

+ \@C -

+

\@C

- ES`

@

C


K;

K<

K3


@C

FK

@

C

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6xTZN

SFF

\EE ‖ KF/@F KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• ŝohei-:.6<―k` jürùiom 6 l`ziİ

kovromem porlgrn`msİmİ jüstoromuy`rn` kìj` ŗoheiiore ŝohei-:.6:―ko, jùê kovrose kìj` ŗoheiiore

[0[<

[0[3

[6[3

[6[;

[?[;

[?[<

\Vυt\n

[0[<

[0[3

[6[;

[?[;

[?[<

[6[3

\n

\ /3



:.6: ko, jùê kovrose kìj` ŗoheiioreko ŝohei-:.61―ko voreineŗter.

\ υth

4 τ 3τ 6τ ;τ4 014˒ 6<4˒ ?;4˒ :34˒

\`c

υt\n /3

\cf

υt\n\n /3


\t;

\t6

\t<

\t?

\t3

υth

υth

υt

υth

υth

h

υt

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E`υt

Ec

Ef

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6\n /3S

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• ŝohei-:.6:―kom jürùikùėù jece

rolor`ms gi`r`h ìkİėİnİz ceremfel`zİ (@) giuŗtur`ceinoh eêem [0 vo[; tr`msestürioremo 034 korofo l`z

ŝohei-:.61―ko voreiom jùê kovrose

kìj` ŗoheiioremo c`hİikİėİmk`y`pİi`m 034 korofoieh uy`rn`sgmufumk` estomeiom lroh`mst`



[; tr`msestürioremo 034 korofo l`zl`rhiİ ehe h`ro kìj` hgmtrgi semyìeuyjui`m`f`htİr.


sgmufumk`, estomeiom lroh`mst`,034―ŗor korofo l`z l`rhiİ vo ’\n„topo koėorie 6 `kot a`t-l`z joreiene

(\`c, …) eio yemo homke `rì`rİmk`034―ŗor korofo l`z l`rhiİ vo’6\n/3S„ to o koėorie 6 `kot a`t




okoceinoh eêem [0―kom [<―y` h`k`rtr`msestürior <4―`r korofo `r`yi`034² sùrùinùŗ gin`ht`kİr.


`hİnİ (E`, …) giuŗn`ht`kİr.

ŝohei-:.61―ko jüstoreiom h`konoiea`t joreieniore-`hİni`rİmİm giuŗunuŝohei-:.65―k` jüstoreineŗter.

`) 4˒ - <4˒ c) <4˒ - 034˒ f) 034˒ - 014˒

+\s-

S`

Sf

Sc

F

@

C

Sf

S`

Sc

C

@

F

Sc

S`

Sf

@

C

F

E` E`

+\`c

-

+\`c

-

-\`c+


• ŝohei-:.65―k` voreiom yùh oŗkoėor

kovroioremkom jürùikùėù jece, eih<4 korofoieh keienko [0-[<eiotenko gikuėu eêem yùh ’`„


emvortür kovrosemem ùêjom yùhtohek`j` ŗoheiioremkom y`r`ri`m`r`hkeė ù k i e k ik ė ece



eiotenko gikuėu eêem yùh `ŗohiemko jürùikùėù jece Sc-Sf soreS` eso gmi r` p`r ioi kurunk`kİr.

Cu kurunk` êİhİŗ \@C uêi`rİ`r`sİmk` ’\s„ h`k`riİh cer joreiensoveyose gi`f`htİr.

keėor jùê kovroioremko gikuėu jeceaos`pi`nì`r y`pİi`ceier.

0) Êİhİŗ l`z vo a`t `hİni`rİmİmothem koėore,


ŗohiemko jürùikùėù jece S`-Sc soreSf eso gmi`r` p`rìoi kurunk`kİr.Cu kurunk` êİhİŗ \@C uêi`rİ`r`sİmk` ’+\s/3„ h`k`riİh cerjoreien soveyose gi`f`htİr.

• Ùêùmfù <4 korofoieh keienko esoS`-Sf sore gikuėu eêem \@C uêi`rİ`r`sİmk` ’-\s/3„ jürùiofohter.


othem koėore,



<) Kovromem vorene,

:) @màt`r joreiene,1) @màt`r `hİnİ.


• 0`) Êİhİŗ a`t `hİnİ othem koėore8

• 6 l`ziİ joreien h`ym`hiİ emvortürùmùêjom yùhto 034²―ko êİhİŗ a`t`hİnİ ŝohei-: ;4―k` jürùikùėù jece

• 0c) Êİhİŗ l`z `hİnİ othem koėore8

• 6 l`ziİ joreien h`ym`hiİ emvortürùmùêjom yùhto 034²―ko êİhİŗ l`z`hİnİ ŝohei : ;0―ko jürùikùėù jece



`hİnİ ŝohei-:.;4 k` jürùikùėù jecegikuėumk`m, êİhİŗ a`t `hİnİmİmothem koėor oŗetieėe `ŗ`ėİk`kİr.

E`(rns) > 6\n/3S . −h

`hİnİ ŝohei-:.;0 ko jürùikùėù jecegikuėumk`m, êİhİŗ l`z `hİnİmİmothem koėor oŗetieėe `ŗ`ėİk`kİr.

ES`(rns) ≁ (\n/3S) . −X(t0+t6) / [^

E`(rns) > 6\n/3S . −(t0/[)


E@υt

6\n /3S

t0 t3

4 <4 034 014

[

+ (\n/S) . −(t3 / [)

t0 t6

4 <4 034 014

[

ES`

υt

\n /S

\n /3S

t3


• 3) Êİhİŗ a`t-l`z joreiene othem koėr.8

• 6 l`ziİ joreien h`ym`hiİ emvortürùmùêjom yùhto giuŗ`m êİhİŗ a`t vol`z joreien ŝohei-: ;3―ko jürùikùėù


• Kovromem grtì`n` êİhİŗ jùfù,Tg > 6/3 . ES` . \@C



l`z joreien ŝohei :.;3 ko jürùikùėùjece gikuėumk`m, êİhİŗ joreienememothem koėor oŗetieėe `ŗ`ėİk`kİr.

\@C(rns) ≁ (\n/3) . −X(t0+t6) / [^


• H`ym`ht`m êoheiom `hİnİm ŗohie,ŝohei-:.;6―kohe jece gikuėum` jüro,

+ \n . −(t3 / [)


Es > 6\n / 3S


4 <4 034 014

EVυt

6\n /3S

t0 t6

4 <4 034 014

[

\@C

υt

\n

\n /3

t3


Ürmoh2 344\kf ŗocohoko 034 korofo

uy`rn`k` êìİŗtİrİi`m 6 l`ziİ



Ts> Es \s



joreien h`ym. TZN emvortürùm,

`) 6x04ℬ―iuh yİikİz c`ėiİ yùhùcosiokeėemko giuŗ`f`h tùnkovro p`r`notroioreme,

Ts> Es . \s


<) Kovromem vorene8

Kovromem vorene,


x u êjom İ ycosiokeėemko giuŗ`f`h tùn

kovro p`r`notroioremeaos`pi`yİmİz.

Êüzùn2 `) 6x04ℬ―iuh yİikİz c`ėiİ yùh

cosiomnose kurunumk`,Ĵih gi`r`h êİhİŗ l`z joreienemem othemkoėore cuium`f`h giurs`8



joreieno jüro,

\[> 0,6 . \n gi`f`htİr.

1) @màt`r `hİnİ8@màt`rİm ùzoremo jüro8

E[> 0,6 . En > 0,6 . 6\n / 3S


\`m(rns)> \n /3 . −(t0/[)

\`m(rns)> 344/3 . −(<,<</04)\`m(rns)> 10,<?\

Ê h a t eie e e the k ė e


Tg > 6 . E` . \ mTg> 6 . 1,0< . 10,<?> 0,55hZ

H`ym`h `hİnİmİm grtì`n` koėore8



Êİhİŗ a`t joreienemem othem koėore8

\`c(rns) ≁ (\n /3) . −X(t0+t6) / [^

+ \n . −(t3 / [)\`c(rns) ≁ (344/3) . −X(<,<<) / 04^


Es > \n / 3.S

Es > 344 / 3.04 > 04,4@ H`ym`ht`m êoheiom jùê8


. .

\`c(rns)≁ 10,< + 00?,;0

\`c(rns)≁ 05:\ Êİhİŗ l`z vo a`t `hİni`rİmİm othem

koėore8

E`(rns) > (\n /3S) . −(t0/[)

E`(rns) > (344/3.04) . −(4,<<<)E`(rns) > 1,0<@

gi`r`h cuiumur.

.

Ts> 04 . 344> 3,4hZ

Kovromem vorene8κ> Tg / Te

κ> 0,55hZ / 3,4hZ> %55,?

@màt`r joreiene8

\[> \n . 0,6> 344 . 0,6> 3<4\ @màt`r `hİnİ8

E[> En.0,6> (344/3.04) . 0,6> 06@

\EE ‖ KF/@F KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS c) 6x04ℬ―iuh ùêjom c`ėiİ yùh

cosiomnose kurunumk`, Êİhİŗ joreienioremem othem koėore8

\@C(rns) ≁ (\n /3) . −X(t0+t6) / [^


Tg > 6/3 . Er` . \`cTg > 6/3 . 05,: . 05:> ?,13hZ




( s) ( / ) −X(t t6) / ^+ \n . −(t3 / [)

\@C(rns) ≁ (344/3) . −X(<,<<) / 04^+ 344 . −(6,66 / 04)

\@C(rns) ≁ 10,< + 00?,; ≁ 05:\


Es > 6\n / 3S

Es > 6.344 / 3.04 > 64@ H`ym`ht`m êoheiom jùê8

Ts > Es . \s


Êİhİŗ l`z `hİnİmİm othem koėore8

ES`(rns) ≁ (\n /3S) . −X(t0+t6) / [^

+ (\n /S) . −(t3 / [)ES`(rns) ≁ (344/3.04) . −X(<,<<) / 04^

+ (344/04) . −(6,66 / 04)

ES`(rns) ≁ 1,0< + 00,?; ≁ 05,:@

Êİhİŗ a`t `hİnİmİm othem koėore8E`(rns) > 6\n /3S . −(t0/[)

E`(rns)> 6.344/3.04.−(4,<<<)> 3;,?@

Ts> 64 . 344> <,4hZ

Kovromem vorene8κ> Tg / Te

κ> ?,13hZ / <,4hZ > %5:

@màt`r joreiene8

\[> \n . 0,6> 344 . 0,6> 3<4\ @màt`r `hİnİ8

E[> En.0,6> 6.344/3.04.0,6> 65@

ÜKO\-0?

0?.0) ?44\kf ŗocohoko, 044Az lroh`ms vo 034² eioten ngkumk`êìİŗtİrİi`m vo ?ℬ ùêjom cer yùhù cosioyom 6 l`ziİ \VE―mİm,

`) Kovro ŗon`sİmİ t`n gi`r`h êezemez `hİn vo joreien yümioreme kovro





0?.3) 644\kf ŗocohoko, <4Az lroh`ms vo 014² eioten ngkumk`êìİŗtİrİi`m vo 0?ℬ ùêjom cer yùhù cosioyom 6 l`ziİ \VE―mİm,`) Kovro ŗon`sİmİ t`n gi`r`h êezemez, `hİn vo joreien yümioreme kovroùzoremko jüstoremez.







• 0) Vore Sozgm`msiİ Ĵmvortürior8

• Vore rozgm`msiİ emvortürior, `siİmk`sore SIF rozgm`ms kovrosen`mtİėİ eio êìİŗ`m emvortür

Vore rozgm`msiİ emvortürior

huii`mİi`r`h 344Az eio 044hAz`rìİėİmk` semùsgek i `hİngsei`sygmi`rİ oiko okeioceinohtoker.



ė ê ŗkovroioreker vo rozgm`ms `mİmkòm yùhsoh soveyoko semùsgekì`hİn gsei`sygmu giuŗturn`ht`kİr.

• Ceiemkeėe jece sore rozgm`ms

Vore rozgm`msiİ emvortürkorozgm`ms `mİmk` `hİnİmsemùsgek i gi`r`h koėeŗnose vohomkeieėemkom sİlİrk`m joêeŗiorem

vo QF cercereme sİlİri`n`ht` joreyo

s`kofo S hìn`ht`kİr. U`me kovrojüstoroceiofoėe om kùŗùhonpok`msİ jüstornohtoker.

• Cu kurunk` emvortür t`r`lİmk`mkovro ùzoremko uyjum

`màt`ri`n` y`pİikİėİmk` kovroùzoremko ekoì semùs `hİngiuŗ`f`htİr.


,huii`mİnİmk` cùyùh hgi`yiİh vorà`tiİh joternohtoker.

Cu s`yoko tr`msestür, ngslot voEJC[―mem y`mİsİr` trestürior ceioemvortürko jùê `màt`rİ gi`r`hhuii`mİi`ceinohtoker.

Êİhİŗ `hİnİ sİlİrk`m joêorhom jùê`màt`rİ gi`r`h huii`mİi`m trestürhomkeieėemkom yìİtİn` joêofohter.



\EE ‖ KF/@F KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• ŝohei-:.16―ko eso kovromem êìİŗn`

porlgrn`msİmİ jüstorom tonoikìj` ŗoheiiore voreineŗter. ŝoheikomjürùikùėù jece [0-[3 vo [6-[;`màt`ri`rİ oŗ z`n`miİ gi`r`h

τ 3τ

\Vυt\n

\ υt0?\

[0-[3 [6-[; [0-[3 [6-[;

h



`màt`ri`rİ oŗ z`n`miİ gi`r`heioteno ìİmn`ht` vo eioten sùroiore

hgmtrgi okeioceinohtoker.• Sozgm`ms lroh`msİmk` y`pİi`m cu

hgmtrgio c`ėiİ gi`r`h k` êİhİŗ`

\t0t3

0?\

\t6t;

υt

\G υt

\nh

h> %044

h

c`ėi`mnİŗ gi`m sore rozgm`mskovrosemo estomeiom soveyoko

joreien `ht`rn`h nùnhùm gin`ht`vo cu s`yoko ko rozgm`mslroh`msİmk` semùsgekì cer êİhİŗ `hİnİ oiko okeioceinohtoker.

• H`ym`ht`m êoheiom `hİn k` êİhİŗ `hİnİm` c`ėiİ gi`r`h semùsgekìlgrn`tt` t`n kìj` kgėruituinuŗ jece jorêohioŗofohter.


υt\[0

\n

-\n

EGυt

En

-En

EV υtEn


• Vore rozgm`msiİ emvortüriorko yùh

c`ėi`mtİsİ yùhùm omkùhtel gin`sİkurunumk` ŝohei-:.13―kojüstoreikeėe jece sore SIF tepemkoc`ėi`mtİ y`pİi`ceikeėe jece êİhİŗ`

V`cet lroh`msiİ vo semùsgekì

lgrn`tt` `hİn jorohomuyjui`nì`rk` huii`mİi`m 0 l`ziİsore rozgm`msiİ emvortürùm sorerozestel yùhto êìİŗİrhom keėor jùê



c`ėi`mtİ y`pİi`ceikeėe jece êİhİŗ`c`ŗh` cer rozestel yùh c`ėi`mn`sİ

jorohteėe kuruni`rk` ŝohei-:.16―kojürùikùėù jece 6 l`rhiİ soêomohcuiumn`ht`kİr. Cumi`r,

rozestel yùhto êìİŗİrhom keėor jùêkovroioremko gikuėu jece,

0) Êİhİŗ joreienemem othem koėore,3) Êİhİŗ `hİnİmİm othem koėore,


,

;) H`ym`h `hİnİmİm grtì`n`

koėore,?) Grtì`n` jereŗ jùfù,

<) Kovromem vorene,

:) Kovromem lroh`msİ,

1) @màt`r joreiene,5) @màt`r `hİnİ,

aos`pi`m`ceier.

0) Vore SIF

3) Vore IF, p`rìoi S

6) Vore IF, p`rìoi SF

+ \g -

+ \g -

+ \g -


• 0) Êİhİŗ joreienemem othem koėore8

• 0 l`ziİ sore rozgm`msiİ emvortürùmrozestel yùhto giuŗ`m êİhİŗ joreieneŝohei-:.16―ko jürùikùėù jeceik ė k h eie e e the

• 3) Êİhİŗ `hİnİmİm othem koėore8

• 0 l`ziİ sore rozgm`msiİ emvortürùmrozestel yùhto giuŗ`m êİhİŗ `hİnİŝohei-:.1;―ko jürùikùėù jece

ik ė k h h the



gikuėumk`m, êİhİŗ joreienemem othemkoėor oŗetieėe,

V

[

nrnsG \ h kt \ h

\ ..

3 /

3

)( >> ∨

gikuėumk`m, êİhİŗ `hİnİmİm othemkoėor oŗetieėe,

)(.)^sem(X3

3 /

3

)(

n

[

nrnsG

E t k t E E >> ∨



4


4

τ 3τ

[

τ 3τ

\G υt

\n

-\n

[

h

h> %044

h EGυt

En

-En



• Kovromem grtì`n` êİhİŗ jùfù,Tg> Eg . \g



Ts> Es . \s




• H`ym`ht`m êoheiom `hİnİm ŗohie,ŝohei-:.1?―kohe jece gikuėum` jüro,

<) Kovromem vorene,




,

1-5) @màt`r joreiene vo `hİnİ,

Ùzoremkohe `hİn vo joreieno jüro,

\[> 0,6 . \n

E[> 0,6 . En > 0,6 . \n / S

gi`f`htİr.

τ 3τ

[

τ

nnrnsV kt t E

[ E ).sem(

4

)( >> ∨

EV υt

En

3

3

.;.

0

3

0

I

S

F I l l r g ∓>>

τ

\EE ‖ KF/@F KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• 3) T`rìoi Sozgm`msiİ

Ĵmvortürior8• T`r ioi rozgm`msiİ emvortürior,`siİmk` p`rìoi SIF rozgm`mskovrose n`mtİėİ eio êìİŗ`m emvortür

T`rìoi rozgm`msiİ emvortürior

huii`mİi`r`h 344Az eio 044hAz`rìİėİmk` semùsgekì joreiengsei`sygmi`rİ oiko okeioceinohtoker.

T`rìoi rozgm`msiİ emvortürko



kovrose n`mtİėİ eio êìİŗ`m emvortürkovroioreker vo rozgm`ms `mİmk`

om yùhsoh soveyoko semùsgekìjoreien gsei`sygmu giuŗturn`ht`kİr.

T`rìoi rozgm`msiİ emvortürkorozgm`ms `mİmk` joreienem

semùsgek i gi`r`h koėeŗnose vohomkeieėemkom sİlİrk`m joêeŗiorem

kovroioremko rozgm`ms `mİmk` QI

vo QF

sgmsuz` kgėru jetnohtojoreyo s`kofo S hìn`ht`kİr. U`mekovro jüstoroceiofoėe om yùhsohonpok`msİ jüstornohtoker.

• Cu kurunk` emvortür t`r`lİmk`m

kovro ùzoremko uyjum`màt`ri`n` y`pİikİėİmk` kovroùzoremko ekoì semùs joreiengiuŗ`f`htİr.


,huii`mİnİmk` cùyùh hgi`yiİh vorà`tiİh joternohtoker.

Cu s`yoko tr`msestür, ngslot voEJC[ jece jùê `màt`ri`rİ sİlİrjoreienko `màt`ri`m`ceinohtoker.

Cu emvortürior jomoiiehio yùhsoh

vgit biİ kf eioten a`ti`rİmİm (A\KF)giuŗturuin`sİ vo yùhsoh lroh`msuyjui`nì`rİmk` huii`mİin`ht`kİr.


• T`r ioi rozgm`msiİ emvotürior, toh

yümiù jùê `màt`ri`rİ huii`mİi`r`h,senotreh voy` t`n hüprù gi`r`hy`pİi`ceinohtoker.

U`mk`he ŝohei-:.1<―k` senotreh

y`pİiİ p`rìoi rozgm`msiİ emvortürkovrose jürùinohtoker.

ŝoheikom jürùikùėù jece jùêkovrose jereŗemo Es `hİniİ cer `hİn



kovrose jereŗemo Es `hİniİ cer `hİnh`ym`ėİ c`ėi`mnİŗ kurunk`kİr.

T`rìoi rozgm`ms kovrose eso grtùêiu cer tr`mslgrn`türùm prenorkovrosemko giu turuinu tur.

Es

Is

I0F

Ig SI+

\g-


Grt` uêt`m jerom h`ym`h `hİnİpusa-puii êìİŗtİrİi`m [0 vo [3tr`msestürioremem eioten kurunum`jüro I0 voy` I3 ùzoremkom`hn`ht`kİr.

Kovromem êİhİŗİ eso Ig sohgmkor

cgceme ùzoremkom ìİmn`ht`kİr.Hgmtrgiu hgi`y gi`m cu kovroüzoiiehio liugros`mt i`nc` hgmtrgiuvc. eŗior eêem huii`mİin`ht`kİr.

+\s

- [0 [3

TZN

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• T`r ioi rozgm`msiİ emvotürior, toh

yümiù jùê `màt`ri`rİ huii`mİi`r`h,senotreh voy` t`n hüprù gi`r`hy`pİi`ceinohtoker.

U`mk`he ŝohei-:.11―ko t`n hüprù

y`pİiİ p`rìoi rozgm`msiİ emvortürkovrose jürùinohtoker.

ŝoheikom jürùikùėù jece jùêkovrose jereŗemo Es `hİniİ cer `hİnI



kovrose jereŗemo Es `hİniİ cer `hİnh`ym`ėİ c`ėi`mnİŗ kurunk`kİr.

T`rìoi rozgm`ms kovrose eso hüprùemvortür êİhİŗİm` yùh gi`r`h voy`ùhio ceriehto c` i`mnİ tİr.

+\s

+ \g -Es [0

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I

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@hİn h`ym`ėİmk`m joiom h`ym`h`hİnİ pusa-puii êìİŗtİrİi`m [0-[3vo [6-[; tr`msestürioremem eiotenkurunum` jüro p`rìoi rozgm`mskovrosemo `ht`rİin`ht`kİr.

Kà` êgh A\KF vc. uyjui`n`k`

huii`mİi`m kovromem êİhİŗİ ŗoheikojürùikùėù jece kgėruk`m voy` Icgceme tr`mslgrn`tür y`pİi`r`hsohgmkoremkom ìİm`ceinohtoker.

Jùê Kovrose_yr. Kovrose

-

[;

K;

[3

K3

[0

[6[3

[;

+

-

+

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F

\EE ‖ KF/@F KÜMÙŝ[ÙSÙFÙIOS• ŝohei-:.15―k` eso kovromem êìİŗn`

porlgrn`msİmİ jüstorom tonoikìj` ŗoheiiore voreineŗter. ŝoheikomjürùikùėù jece [0-[3 vo [6-[;`màt`ri`rİ pusapuii (tors z`n`miİ)

τ 3τ

EVυt

En

[0

[3

\t0υt

0?\h

[0

[;

[6

[;

[6

[3

[0

[3

[0

[;

[6

[;

[6

[3



gi`r`h eioteno ìİmn`ht` vo eioten

sùroiore hgmtrgi okeioceinohtoker.• Sozgm`ms lroh`msİmk` y`pİi`m cuhgmtrgio c`ėiİ gi`r`h k` êİhİŗ`

\t0

0?\

\ υth

0?\

\t6 υth

c`ėi`mnİŗ gi`m p`rìoi rozgm`mskovrosemo estomeiom soveyoko `hİn

`ht`rn`h nùnhùm gin`ht` vo cus`yoko ko rozgm`ms lroh`msİmk`semùsgek i cer êİhİŗ joreiene oikookeioceinohtoker.

• H`ym`ht`m êoheiom `hİn emvortürhgmtrgium` c`ėiİ gi`r`h sùrohie vos`cet gin`h kurunumk`kİr vokoėeŗnoyofohter.


0?\

\t; υth

EG υt

En

-En

υt\G

\n


• T`r ioi rozgm`msiİ emvortüriorko

ŝohei-:.11―ko jürùikùėù jece cer`hİn h`ym`hiİ hüprù emvortürhuii`mİi`ceikeėe jece emkùhseygmi`İsİtn` vc. jece c`zİ uyjui`nì`rk`

V`cet lroh`msiİ vo semùsgekì

lgrn`tt` joreien jorohomuyjui`nì`rk` huii`mİi`m 0 l`ziİp`rìoi rozgm`msiİ emvortürùmp`rìoi rozestel yùhto êìİŗİrhom



`ŗ`ėİk`he ŝohei-:.54―k` jürùikùėù

jece joreien h`ym`hiİ hüprùc`ėi`mtİsİ k` huii`mİi`ceinohtoker.

keėor jùê kovroioremko gikuėu jece,

0) Êİhİŗ `hİnİmİm othem koėore,3) Êİhİŗ joreienemem othem koėore,


,

;) H`ym`h `hİnİmİm grtì`n`

koėore,?) Grtì`n` jereŗ jùfù,

<) Kovromem vorene,

:) Kovromem lroh`msİ,

1) @màt`r joreiene,5) @màt`r `hİnİ,

aos`pi`m`ceier.

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+ \g -

Eg

Es [0K0

[;K;

[6K6

[3K3

S

I

F


• 0) Êİhİŗ `hİnİmİm othem koėore8

• 0 l`ziİ p`r ioi rozgm`msiİemvortürùm rozestel yùhto giuŗ`mêİhİŗ joreiene ŝohei-:.50―kojürùikùėù jece gikuėumk`m, êİhİŗ

• 3) Êİhİŗ joreenemem othem koėore8

• 0 l`ziİ p`rìoi rozgm`msiİemvortürùm rozestel yùhto giuŗ`mêİhİŗ joreiene ŝohei-:.53―kojürùikùėù jece gikuėumk`m, êİhİŗ



j ė j ė , ê ŗ`hİnİmİm othem koėor oŗetieėe,

V

[

nrnsG \ h kt \ h

\ ..

3 /

3

)( >> ∨

j ė j ė , ê ŗjoreienemem othem koėor oŗetieėe,

)(.)^sem(X3

3 /

3

)(

n

[

nrnsG

\ t k t \ \ >> ∨



4


4

τ 3τ

[

\Gυt

\n

-\n

τ 3τ

[

EG υt

En

-En



• Kovromem grtì`n` êİhİŗ jùfù,Tg> Eg . \g

;) H h h t i k ė e



Ts> E³s . R




• H`ym`ht`m êoheiom `hİnİm ŗohie,ŝohei-:.56―kohe jece gikuėum` jüro,

Es grt > En

<) Kovromem vorene,




,

1-5) @màt`r joreiene vo `hİnİ,

Ùzoremkohe `hİn vo joreieno jüro,

\[> 0,6 . \n

E[> 0,6 . En > 0,6 . \n / S

gi`f`htİr.

33.;

0

.

0

3

0

F SF I l l r g ∓>>τ

τ 3τ

[

EV υt

En


Ürmoh2 `) 344\kf ŗocohoko, %044 othem

porygtiu uy`rn`k , 34¿A cer cgcem3,?¿L cer hgmk`ms`tür huii`mİi`r`hêìİŗtİrİi`m 0 l`ziİ sore rozgm`msiİ

Êüzùn2

`) Vore rozgm`msiİ emvortürùmp`r`notroiore,• Êİhİŗ joreienemem othem koėore,



êìİŗtİrİi`m 0 l`ziİ sore rozgm`msiİemvortürùm, 04ℬ―iuh sore c`ėiİrozestel cer yùhù cosiokeėemkogiuŗ`f`h tùn kovro • Êİhİŗ `hİnİmİm othem koėore,

\ \ h \ V rnsG 344344.0.

)(

>>>


.

c) ?4@kf ŗocohoko, %044 othemporygtiu uy`rn`k , 34¿A cer cgcem3,?¿L cer hgmk`ms`tür huii`mİi`r`hêìİŗtİrİi`m, 0 l`ziİ p`rìoirozgm`msiİ emvortürùm, 04ℬ―iuh

p`rìoi c`ėiİ rozestel cer yùhùcosiokeėemko giuŗ`f`h tùn kovrop`r`notroioreme aos`pi`yİmİz.

n> s >

En> 34@

• Othem êİhİŗ jùfù,

TG> EG.\G

TG> 0;,01 . 344> 3,16hZ

@ E

E nrnsG 01,0;

3

34

3)( >>>


• H`ym`ht`m êoheiom `hİn,

Es> \s . Es > 344 . 04 > 3hZ

H`ym`ht`m êoheiom grtì`n` jùê

c) T`rìoi rozgm`msiİ emvortür,

• Êİhİŗ `hİnİmİm othem koėore,

• Êİhİŗ joreienemem othem koėore,

\ E S ?4 04 ?44\

@ E

E nrnsV :6,03

0;,6

34.33)( >>>

τ

@ E h E V rnsG ?4?4.0.)( >>>



• H`ym`ht`m êoheiom grtì`n` jùê,

Ts> \s . Es > 344 . 03,:6 > 3,?;hZ• Kovromem êìİŗn` lroh`msİ,

\n> Es . S> ?4 . 04> ?44\

3

\ \ \ nrnsG <,6?;

3?44

3)( >>>


• lg ≁ 34hAz• @màt`r (tr`msestür) `hİnİ,

E[ ≯ \n /S + %64

E[ ≯ (344 / 04) . 0,6 ≯ 3<@

• @màt`r (tr`msestür) joreiene,\[ ≯ 344 . 0,6 ≯ 3<4\

• ,

TG> EG.\G

TG> ?4 . 6?;,<> 0:,:6hZ• H`ym`ht`m êoheiom grtì`n` jùê,

Ts> E³s . S> ?4³ . 04 > 3?hZ

• Kovromem êìİŗn` lroh`msİ,

lg ≁ 34hAz

3.;.3 IF I

l l r g ∓>>

τ

33.;0

.0

30

F SF I l l r g ∓>>

τ

ÜKO\-0<

0<.0) ?44\kf h`ym`ht`, %044 othem porygtiu uy`rn`k`, 344¿A cercgcem 3?¿L cer hgmk`ms`tür huii`mİi`r`h êìİŗtİrİi`m 0 l`ziİ sorerozgm`msiİ emvortürùm, 04ℬ―iuh sore c`ėiİ rozestel cer yùhù cosiokeėemko`) Kovro ŗon`sİmİ t`n gi`r`h êezemez, `hİn vo joreien yümioreme kovro



`) Kovro ŗon`sİmİ t`n gi`r`h êezemez, `hİn vo joreien yümioreme kovroùzoremko jüstoremez.c) Kovromem tonoi kìj` ŗoheiioreme koėorioreyio ceriehto êezemez.f) Êezeiom kìj` ŗoheiioremo jüro tonoi p`r`notroiore aos`pi`yİmİz.

0<.3) 64@kf h`ym`ht`, %044 othem porygtiu uy`rn`k`, 044¿A cer cgcem4,?¿L cer hgmk`ms`tür huii`mİi`r`h êìİŗtİrİi`m 0 l`ziİ p`rìoirozgm`msiİ emvortürùm, 04ℬ―iuh p`rìoi c`ėiİ rozestel yùhù cosiokeėemko`) Kovro ŗon`sİmİ t`n gi`r`h êezemez, `hİn vo joreien yümioreme kovroùzoremko jüstoremez.



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