Grammar II- Infinitive vs Gerund

8/13/2019 Grammar II- Infinitive vs Gerund

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Grammar II

Unit 9

Gerund or To Infinitive

Miriam Sheen Class


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Gerund


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If these verbs are followed by another verb, the structure is

usually verb + ing:

Stoptalking! I dont missworkinglate every night.

I imagineworkingabroad.

When Im on vacation, I enjoynot havingto get up early.

avoid enjoy dislike admit consider practicefinish mind imagine deny involve postpone

delay suggest regret miss


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Are you going to give upsmoking?

He kept (on)interruptingme while I was speaking.

These expression also takeing:

Give up (=stop) keep or keep on (=do

Go on (=continue) something continuously or

Put off (=postpone) repeatedly


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He denied thathe had stolen the money

He denied stealingthe money.

Bill suggested thatwe go to the moviesBill suggested goingto the movies

Whit some of the verbs (especially admit, deny, regret,

and suggest) you can also use a that structure:


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Im startingtolearn French

Im startinglearningFrench.

Avoid using two gerunds together.


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To infinitive


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agree offer decide appear forget needrefuse attempt plan seem intend mean

promise manage arrange pretend tend

It was late , so we decided to takea taxi homeThey agreed to lendme some money .

I like Susan, but I think she tends to talktoo much.

Im sorry. I dindt mean to hurtyou.

If these verbs are followed by another verb, the structure is

usually verb + infinitive:


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There is a continuous infinitive(to be doing) and a perfectinfinitive(to have done). We use these especially after

seem, appear, and pretend:

I pretend to be reading. ( = Ipretend that I was reading)

You seem to have lostweight. ( = It seems that you have

lost weight).

He appears to be doinga good job ( = It appears that heis doing a good jod).


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After the following verbs you can use a question word (what

/ where / how, etc) + infinitive.

ask decide know remember forget explain

We asked how to get to the station?

Have you decide where to go for your vacation?

Tom explained(to me) how to change the tire on the car?I dont know whetherto go to the party or not?


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Also: show/tell/ask someone what / how / whereto do

something:

Can someone show me howto changethe film in this camera?

Ask Jack. Hell tell you whatto do.


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Verb + Object + Infinitive


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Want ask expect help would like would prefer

There are two possible structures after these verbs:

verb + infinitive verb + object + infinitive

I asked to seethe manager I asked Tomto helpme

I expected to belate We expected himto belateHe would like to come He would like meto come

After helpyou can use the verb with or without to

Can somebody help me (to)movethis table_


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Tell remind force enable persuade order warn invite

These verbs have the structure verb + object + infinitive:

Remind meto call

He warmed menot to touchanything

Who taught you(how) to drive?

I got Jackto fixmy car

You cannot use suggestwith the infinitive

To suggested that I buy a car (not Tom suggested me to by)


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Advise encourage allow permit

There are two possible structures after these verbs. Compare:

verb + ing (with object)

They dont allow smokingin this building

I wouldntadvise staying at that hotel

verb + object + infinitive

They dont allow youto smokein this building

I wouldnt advise youto stayat the hotel


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make let

These verbs have the structure verb + base form

Hot weather makes me feeluncomfortable I only did it because they made me doit

She wouldnt let me readthe letter

Do not use toafter make and let

They made me do it. (not they made me todo it)


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Infinitive or Gerund

(like, would like, etc.)


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like hate cant bear love cant stand

I likegettingup early = I like to getup early

I lovemeetingpeoplo = I love to meetpeople

I hatewashingdishes = I hate to washdishes. She cant standbeingalone = She cant stand to bealone.

After these verbs and expressions you can use gerundor

the infinitive.


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Would likeis followed by the infinitive:

I would like to berich

Would you like to cometo a party?

Notice the difference in meaning between I likeand I wouldlike. I would like is a polite way of saying I want. Compare:

I like playingtennis or I like to playtennis

(= enjoy it in general)

I would like to playtennis

(= I want to play)


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We also use the infinitive after wouldlove/hate/prefer

Would you prefer to havedinner now or late?

Id love to be ableto travel aroun the world

You can also say I would like have done something

(= I regret that didnt or couldnt do something)

Its too bad we didnt visit Tom. I would like to ghave seen

him again


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Infinitive or Gerund

(begin, start, continue,

remember, try.)


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begin start continue

The baby begancrying or The baby began to cry

It has startedraining or It has started to rain

He continuedworkingafter his illness or

He continued to workafter his illness.

These verbs can usually be followed bying or the

infinitive. So you can say:


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I remembered to lockthe door before I left, but I forgot to shut

the windows.

Please remember to mailthe letter

Remember to doand remember doing

You remember to do somethingbefore you do it. Remember

to do somethingis the opposite of forget to do something


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I clearlyremember locking the door before I left. (= I locked it,

and now I clearly remember this)

He could remember driving along the road just before theaccident happened, but he couldnt remember the accident itself

You remember doing somethingafter you do it.IRemember doing something= I did something, and now I

remember it:


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I was very tired. I tried to keepmy eyes open, but I couldnt.

Please try to bequiet when you come home. Everyone willbe asleep.

Try to do and try d oing

Try to do= attempt to do, make an effort to do

Try some of teamaybe youll like it (= try some of it to seeif you like it.

We tried every hotel in town, but they were all full (=we

went to every hotel to see if they had a room)

Try doing= do something as an experiment or test


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I cant find anywhere to live. Why dont you try puttingan

ad in the newspaper?

(do this to see if it helps you to find a place to live)

Ive got a terrible headache. I tried takingan aspirin, but

it didnt help

(I took an aspirin to see if it would stop my headache)

IfTry (with this meaning)is followed by a verb, we say

try + gerund.


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EXERCISES

I dont enjoy __________(write) letters.

Nick has decided not _________ (buy) a car.

Tom refused _________ (lend) me any money

Can you show me how _________(use) the

washing machine

I consider ___________(take) the job.

to buy

writing

to lend

taking

to use


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Mr. Thomas doesnt let anyone ________(smoke) in his office

I dont advise _________(eat) in that restaurant.

The foods awful.

The film was very sad. It made me ______(cry)

Please remember _________ (mail) this box

Lindas parents have always encouragedher__________ (study) hard

eating

smoke

cry

to study

to mail

Documents

Grammar II- Infinitive vs Gerund