Gd3 Design For Environment

Julián Patrón . Jordi Oliva . Andrea Díaz

| DfE | Design For Environment

INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY | MSc. SUSTAINABILITY 09| UPC

What is Design forEnvironment?

Sistemic consideration of

design related to safety,

health and environmental

objectives along the whole

life cycle of the product

and the process

SOCIETY

INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY

DfE

DfX(Processes)

Julián Patrón . Jordi Oliva . Andrea DíazINDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY | MS. SUSTAINABILITY| UPC

Source: Group ID&EA _ UPV

Different Approaches to solve theenvironmental problem at industrial processes

DfE = Ecodesign Designing with Life Cycle in mind


The Product Life Cycle

Use of raw materials

manufacture distribution Product use End of life

…EvolutionThe Design challenge


Source: Seven Ages of Man (2000) Will Murray

Design serving the Economy

Design has faithfully

materialized the Industrial,

Consumer and Knowledge

economies

…EvolutionThe Design challenge


Source: Seven Ages of Man (2000) Will Murray

Design serving the Economy

1950s – 1960s. Design and Survival

Richard Neutra´s survival through Design

1970s. Victor Papanek´s “Design for the Real

World”. Design for disability

1980s. Green Design – Design for Environment

Mid1990s. Ecodesign – Eco.redesign

2000. Design for Sustainability

DfE | Ecodesign

1. How has the concept evolved?


first introduced in the electronics field 1990s (Allenby1991a)

As part of the DesignX set. (X stands for a desired characteristic

such as safety, testability, disassembly, manufacturing)

AEA (American Elec. Association) created the DfE task force,

proposing a design methodology

US EPA joined meetings and formed the Agency

Research initiatives passed to IEEE

DfE | Ecodesign

1. Some concepts


Emerged out of the “end-of-pipe solution”

first introduced in the electronics field 1990s

Prevention as a first goal (from conceptual)

Evolved from the Concurrent Engineering (product

development approach to reduce the time to bring the new product to the

market. Project oriented) while integrating environmental

considerations as core objective of the product design.

Includes elements from design concept to end of life, having

in mind costs, quality, planning and user requirements

DfE | Ecodesign

2. Advantages for Industry…


Product Life Cycle in Mind

Product development with less environmental impact

Savings: costs and resources reduction, less taxes,

contamination

Subsidies

Eco-efficiency

Eco-innovation

EMAS Implementation – ISO 14000

Enhacing company´s image

DfE | Ecodesign

3. Tools for Implementing DfE


Evaluation of Environmental Impact: LCA

Evaluation of life cycle product costs: LCCA (life cycle costing

assesment)

Pollution Prevention and General Environmental Improvement

Specific Environmental Improvement tools• Materials selection

• Demanded energy reduction

• Df Recycling, Df Disassembly, Df Assembly


DfE | Ecodesign

4. ECODESIGN STRATEGIES


There are diverse strategies for products development:

EPA´s LCD (USA)

EDIP. Developed by the Technical University of Denmark

Van Hemel´s Strategies Classification (wich is one of the most

complete and structured strategies)


4. ECODESIGN STRATEGIES: Van Hemel


Ecodesign strategy wheel

7.Optimization of end-of-life system

6.Optimization of initial lifetime

1.Selection of low-impact materials

2.Reduction of materials usage

3.Optimization of production techniques5.Reduction of impact during use

4.Optimization of distribution system

4. ECODESIGN EXAMPLES


The improvements for the

MX16 are: weight 6%,

energy usage 18%,

packaging 37% and the

environmental impact in

the whole life cycle as

measured with the

EcoScan tool is reduced

by 21%.

Phillips Design

Function integration.

Components reduction,

savings on water

consumption. Recycled

material.

Rolani Design

DfE | Ecodesign

5. ECO-LABELLING


Some Examples In Europe

Swan(nordic countries)

Blue AngelEuropean ecolabel

AENOR (Spain)

Organic products

3 categories

Type I. Certified eco-labels (complying with ISO 14024)Different market penetration

DfE | Ecodesign

5. ECO-LABELLING


Some Examples In Europe

European ecolabel

NHONorway

3 categories

Type III. Defined by ISO/TR 14025Provide standarised LCA-based

information on a product or service

Type II. Product-Self DeclarationsNo certified by third parties. ISO 14021

Improvement of

environmental

performance

Roland DG

Corporation

DfE | Policies EU

6. Working Plan of the EU Ecodesign Directive


Priority for 10 group products (energy using products):

Air-conditioning and ventilation systems

Electric and fossil-fuelled heating equipment

Food-preparing equipment

Industrial and laboratory furnaces and ovens

Machine tools

Network, data processing-storing equip.

Refrigerating and freezing equipment

Sound and imaging equipment

Transformers

Water-using equipment


DfE | Ecodesign

Bibliography


Capuz Rizo S., & Gómez Navarro, T. (2004). Ecodiseño: Ingeniería del ciclo de vida para el

desarrollo de productos sostenibles. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. Alfaomega.

Valencia

1

Fiskel, J. (2004). Ingeniería de diseño Medioambiental. DfE. McGraw-Hill. Madrid. 1996

2

Environmental Protection Agency. EPA. www.epa.gov

3

4

Eco-management and Audit Schemes. European comission. http://europe.eu.int/environment


Allenby, B.R.& Graedel, T.E (1995). Industrial Ecology. Prentice Hall. New Jersey.

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Gd3 Design For Environment