Julián Patrón . Jordi Oliva . Andrea Díaz
| DfE | Design For Environment
INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY | MSc. SUSTAINABILITY 09| UPC
What is Design forEnvironment?
Sistemic consideration of
design related to safety,
health and environmental
objectives along the whole
life cycle of the product
and the process
SOCIETY
INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY
DfE
DfX(Processes)
Julián Patrón . Jordi Oliva . Andrea DíazINDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY | MS. SUSTAINABILITY| UPC
Source: Group ID&EA _ UPV
Different Approaches to solve theenvironmental problem at industrial processes
DfE = Ecodesign Designing with Life Cycle in mind
Julián Patrón . Jordi Oliva . Andrea DíazINDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY | MS. SUSTAINABILITY| UPC
The Product Life Cycle
Use of raw materials
manufacture distribution Product use End of life
…EvolutionThe Design challenge
Julián Patrón . Jordi Oliva . Andrea DíazINDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY | MS. SUSTAINABILITY| UPC
Source: Seven Ages of Man (2000) Will Murray
Design serving the Economy
Design has faithfully
materialized the Industrial,
Consumer and Knowledge
economies
…EvolutionThe Design challenge
Julián Patrón . Jordi Oliva . Andrea DíazINDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY | MS. SUSTAINABILITY| UPC
Source: Seven Ages of Man (2000) Will Murray
Design serving the Economy
1950s – 1960s. Design and Survival
Richard Neutra´s survival through Design
1970s. Victor Papanek´s “Design for the Real
World”. Design for disability
1980s. Green Design – Design for Environment
Mid1990s. Ecodesign – Eco.redesign
2000. Design for Sustainability
DfE | Ecodesign
1. How has the concept evolved?
Julián Patrón . Jordi Oliva . Andrea DíazINDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY | MS. SUSTAINABILITY| UPC
first introduced in the electronics field 1990s (Allenby1991a)
As part of the DesignX set. (X stands for a desired characteristic
such as safety, testability, disassembly, manufacturing)
AEA (American Elec. Association) created the DfE task force,
proposing a design methodology
US EPA joined meetings and formed the Agency
Research initiatives passed to IEEE
DfE | Ecodesign
1. Some concepts
Julián Patrón . Jordi Oliva . Andrea DíazINDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY | MS. SUSTAINABILITY| UPC
Emerged out of the “end-of-pipe solution”
first introduced in the electronics field 1990s
Prevention as a first goal (from conceptual)
Evolved from the Concurrent Engineering (product
development approach to reduce the time to bring the new product to the
market. Project oriented) while integrating environmental
considerations as core objective of the product design.
Includes elements from design concept to end of life, having
in mind costs, quality, planning and user requirements
DfE | Ecodesign
2. Advantages for Industry…
Julián Patrón . Jordi Oliva . Andrea DíazINDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY | MS. SUSTAINABILITY| UPC
Product Life Cycle in Mind
Product development with less environmental impact
Savings: costs and resources reduction, less taxes,
contamination
Subsidies
Eco-efficiency
Eco-innovation
EMAS Implementation – ISO 14000
Enhacing company´s image
DfE | Ecodesign
3. Tools for Implementing DfE
Julián Patrón . Jordi Oliva . Andrea DíazINDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY | MS. SUSTAINABILITY| UPC
Evaluation of Environmental Impact: LCA
Evaluation of life cycle product costs: LCCA (life cycle costing
assesment)
Pollution Prevention and General Environmental Improvement
Specific Environmental Improvement tools• Materials selection
• Demanded energy reduction
• Df Recycling, Df Disassembly, Df Assembly
Product Life Cycle in Mind
DfE | Ecodesign
4. ECODESIGN STRATEGIES
Julián Patrón . Jordi Oliva . Andrea DíazINDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY | MS. SUSTAINABILITY| UPC
There are diverse strategies for products development:
EPA´s LCD (USA)
EDIP. Developed by the Technical University of Denmark
Van Hemel´s Strategies Classification (wich is one of the most
complete and structured strategies)
Product Life Cycle in Mind
4. ECODESIGN STRATEGIES: Van Hemel
Julián Patrón . Jordi Oliva . Andrea DíazINDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY | MS. SUSTAINABILITY| UPC
Ecodesign strategy wheel
7.Optimization of end-of-life system
6.Optimization of initial lifetime
1.Selection of low-impact materials
2.Reduction of materials usage
3.Optimization of production techniques5.Reduction of impact during use
4.Optimization of distribution system
4. ECODESIGN EXAMPLES
Julián Patrón . Jordi Oliva . Andrea DíazINDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY | MS. SUSTAINABILITY| UPC
The improvements for the
MX16 are: weight 6%,
energy usage 18%,
packaging 37% and the
environmental impact in
the whole life cycle as
measured with the
EcoScan tool is reduced
by 21%.
Phillips Design
Function integration.
Components reduction,
savings on water
consumption. Recycled
material.
Rolani Design
DfE | Ecodesign
5. ECO-LABELLING
Julián Patrón . Jordi Oliva . Andrea DíazINDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY | MS. SUSTAINABILITY| UPC
Some Examples In Europe
Swan(nordic countries)
Blue AngelEuropean ecolabel
AENOR (Spain)
Organic products
3 categories
Type I. Certified eco-labels (complying with ISO 14024)Different market penetration
DfE | Ecodesign
5. ECO-LABELLING
Julián Patrón . Jordi Oliva . Andrea DíazINDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY | MS. SUSTAINABILITY| UPC
Some Examples In Europe
European ecolabel
NHONorway
3 categories
Type III. Defined by ISO/TR 14025Provide standarised LCA-based
information on a product or service
Type II. Product-Self DeclarationsNo certified by third parties. ISO 14021
Improvement of
environmental
performance
Roland DG
Corporation
DfE | Policies EU
6. Working Plan of the EU Ecodesign Directive
Julián Patrón . Jordi Oliva . Andrea DíazINDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY | MS. SUSTAINABILITY| UPC
Priority for 10 group products (energy using products):
Air-conditioning and ventilation systems
Electric and fossil-fuelled heating equipment
Food-preparing equipment
Industrial and laboratory furnaces and ovens
Machine tools
Network, data processing-storing equip.
Refrigerating and freezing equipment
Sound and imaging equipment
Transformers
Water-using equipment
Product Life Cycle in Mind
DfE | Ecodesign
Bibliography
Julián Patrón . Jordi Oliva . Andrea DíazINDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY | MS. SUSTAINABILITY| UPC
Capuz Rizo S., & Gómez Navarro, T. (2004). Ecodiseño: Ingeniería del ciclo de vida para el
desarrollo de productos sostenibles. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. Alfaomega.
Valencia
1
Fiskel, J. (2004). Ingeniería de diseño Medioambiental. DfE. McGraw-Hill. Madrid. 1996
2
Environmental Protection Agency. EPA. www.epa.gov
3
4
Eco-management and Audit Schemes. European comission. http://europe.eu.int/environment
Product Life Cycle in Mind
Allenby, B.R.& Graedel, T.E (1995). Industrial Ecology. Prentice Hall. New Jersey.
5