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7/31/2019 F1 Baylon Are We Learning by Rote Learning or by Understanding PEMEA Conference
1/23
http://www.thenutgraph.com
Now, memorise
the names of the
countries and thecontinents
Are we achieving by rote-learning
or by understanding?
7/31/2019 F1 Baylon Are We Learning by Rote Learning or by Understanding PEMEA Conference
2/23
A dynamic catalyst for individual
and social transformation.
7/31/2019 F1 Baylon Are We Learning by Rote Learning or by Understanding PEMEA Conference
3/23
How students
learn
Learning
Approaches
7/31/2019 F1 Baylon Are We Learning by Rote Learning or by Understanding PEMEA Conference
4/23
numerical literacy
Conceptual Framework
7/31/2019 F1 Baylon Are We Learning by Rote Learning or by Understanding PEMEA Conference
5/23
Factor Validate Biggs R-SPQ-2F
Assess the class mean learning
approaches
Determine the relationship between learning
approaches and numerical literacy
Determine whether the numerical literacy
scores differ between surface learners and
deep learners
Qualitatively validate the R-SPQ-2F
7/31/2019 F1 Baylon Are We Learning by Rote Learning or by Understanding PEMEA Conference
6/23
BSE, 76,
49%BSHM, 37,
24%
ET, 41, 27%
Participants
7/31/2019 F1 Baylon Are We Learning by Rote Learning or by Understanding PEMEA Conference
7/23
Secondary
education or
lessPrimary
education or
less
College
undergraduate
Bachelor's
degree
Paternal Highest Education
Secondary
education or
less
Primary
education or
less
College
undergraduate
Bachelor's
degree
Maternal Highest Education
Housewife
Unemployed
House keeper
Vendor
Sewer
Deceased Teacher
Maternal Occupation
Driver
LaborerGoldsmith
Deceased
Unemployed
Carpenter
Vendor
Factory Worker
Paternal Occupation
7/31/2019 F1 Baylon Are We Learning by Rote Learning or by Understanding PEMEA Conference
8/23
Revised Study Process Questionnaire- 2 Factor
(Biggs et al, 2001)
Assessment of approaches to learning
Basic Skills Diagnostic Test (Jerome Epstein)Assessment of numerical literacy
Instruments
Cronbachs Alpha = .610
7/31/2019 F1 Baylon Are We Learning by Rote Learning or by Understanding PEMEA Conference
9/23
Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Spearmank Correlation Test
Mann Whitney U Test
Mean and standard deviation
In-depth interview
Data Analysis
7/31/2019 F1 Baylon Are We Learning by Rote Learning or by Understanding PEMEA Conference
10/23
Table 1Rotated Factor
Matrix for the
R-SPQ-2F
Statements Factor 1 Factor 2
Deep Motive1 0.648
Deep Strategy1 0.362
Surface Motive1
Surface Strategy1 0.338Deep Motive2 0.712
Deep Strategy2 0.695
Surface Motive2 0.692
Surface Strategy2 0.472
Deep Motive3 0.594
Deep Strategy3 0.617
Surface Motive3
Surface Strategy3 0.451
Deep Motive4 0.637
Deep Strategy4 0.491
Surface Motive4 0.56Surface Strategy4 0.654
Deep Motive5 0.501
Deep Strategy5 0.494
Surface Motive5 0.584
Surface Strategy5 0.342 0.391
7/31/2019 F1 Baylon Are We Learning by Rote Learning or by Understanding PEMEA Conference
11/23
Infrequent
visit to thelibrary
Memorization
Motivated
by an
interestingtopic
Concentratedstudying to
notebooks
Depended
heavily onteacher
Studiedjust for
exams
Surface cohortSometimes, I just study to pass the
subject but sometimes it depend on
what the teacher does
If I memorize right away, a lot
of things have been covered
already, I feel
If I cant understand the lesson,
I will really try to read to
understand it
I seldom go to the library
I can memorize pages of lectures evenwithout having to understand it. It is
like a God-given talent
I dont study anymore topic that I
know would not be included in the
exam
I study depending on the topic, If Ifind it interesting, I really study it by
reading the lectures
But if a topic is interesting, I still
study it even if its not in the exam
I study by writing what the teachersays and then study it.
I seldom go to the library because I
just study using my notebook.
I write a reviewer and the order of
the topic to prepare for an exam.
I depend on memorization. To makesure I pass an exam, I memorize eventhe order of the topics.
I find it difficult to understand thats why I justmemorize. In solving equations, I justmemorize the steps.
7/31/2019 F1 Baylon Are We Learning by Rote Learning or by Understanding PEMEA Conference
12/23
Motivated
if
interesting
By
understanding
Fond of
studying
More solutions
are scribbled
Patronized
the library
Deep cohort
I want the teacher to be strict so that Iwill have to study more.
I am fond of reading, and I
always go to the library toread
I learn better by memorization
than by understanding.
If a material interests me, I will
read further on.
I always test myself If I have really
understood.
When I was in high school, I only memorized
likely answers but the teacher gave a differentset that is why I dont do that anymore.
If I dont understand something , Idont stop until I get the answers Ineed.
I study the lectures and then go
to the library to read more.
I do not do further reading if the
material does not interest me.
I study even topics that are notcovered in exams because I feelhave to learn them.
There are times I need to memorize but many
times, I study by understanding.
Depending on the exam, if I
know I only have to memorize,
thats what I do.
If theres a new topic, thats the time
I study in order to know it before the
teacher talks about it.
7/31/2019 F1 Baylon Are We Learning by Rote Learning or by Understanding PEMEA Conference
13/23
If I do not understand
the lecture, I just
memorize it.
What I memorize do not
really stay in my head, I
forget it easily.
I read the course
syllabus and then go to
the library to read about
it.
I would only study further
when I am interested withthe topic, but if its math, I
really I try to understand it.
I only study what is
important.
Memorization works
best for me.
I want to study my
lectures more than books.
I memorize my notebook
where my lectures are
written.
If there is an interesting
topic, I read more aboutitI dont like enumeration type
of questions, I like
teachers who give
practical exams.
At times, I sleep until
midnight to study, or
sleep early then wake up
at dawn.
I see materials not included
in the exam as additional
knowledge thats why I
still study them.
I always study with keywords. With key
words, things will
easily flash back to
my memory.
I usually cram for
exams.
There are questions in
passed exams that may be
likely to come out, I try to
remember them.
7/31/2019 F1 Baylon Are We Learning by Rote Learning or by Understanding PEMEA Conference
14/23
Table III: Result of the Spearman Correlation Test
Surface ScoreNumerical
Literacy Score
Deep Score 0.628** 0.337
Surface Score 0.438
7/31/2019 F1 Baylon Are We Learning by Rote Learning or by Understanding PEMEA Conference
15/23
33.23
29.61
22.1
16.7
22.86
28.4
18.9123.77
27.39
18.9
14.3
22.14 20.6
16.09
BSE-1A BSE-1B BSE-1C HM-1A HM-1B EET-1 COET1
Mean Deep Rank Mean Surface Rank
p =.029
Learning Approach Scores
7/31/2019 F1 Baylon Are We Learning by Rote Learning or by Understanding PEMEA Conference
16/23
0 5 10 15 20
Deep Cohort
Surface
Cohort
p =.056
Numerical Literacy Scores
7/31/2019 F1 Baylon Are We Learning by Rote Learning or by Understanding PEMEA Conference
17/23
3.7
0
1
2
3
4
5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Mean
Score
Deep ItemsStatement 1 2 5 6 9 10 13 14 17 18
3.3
0
1
2
3
4
5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Mean
Score
Surface items
Statement 3 4 7 8 11 12 15 16 19 20
I find the best way to pass examinations is
to try to remember answers to likely
questions
I test myself on important topics until I
understand them completely.
7/31/2019 F1 Baylon Are We Learning by Rote Learning or by Understanding PEMEA Conference
18/23
Basic Algebra
Pre - Algebra
Intermediate
Algebra
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
823
22
21
18
17
1615
14
1
2
320
19
24
13
11
9
7
5
3
1
BDTS
Items
Order of
numbers
Multiplicatio
n of fractions
Ratio and
proportion
Graphing
Factoringa cubic
polynomia
l
N = 154
7/31/2019 F1 Baylon Are We Learning by Rote Learning or by Understanding PEMEA Conference
19/23
Weak factor validity of the R-SPQ-2F
Divergence of surface scores and deepscores from empirical data.
Strongly surface and deep students wereeffectively identified by the R-SPQ-2F.
7/31/2019 F1 Baylon Are We Learning by Rote Learning or by Understanding PEMEA Conference
20/23
Not engaged with the deep approach
Deep approach was not significantly
correlated with numerical literacy
Surface approach was not significantly
correlated with numerical literacy
The mean numerical literacy scores was
not significantly different between surface
and deep students
7/31/2019 F1 Baylon Are We Learning by Rote Learning or by Understanding PEMEA Conference
21/23
Promote the deep approach giventhat surface approach is rampant.
Determine the individual and mean learning
approach profile of students by using an
instrument with a stronger validity
Use assessments that measure
understanding of concepts and not mere
recall of information.
7/31/2019 F1 Baylon Are We Learning by Rote Learning or by Understanding PEMEA Conference
22/23
Could it be that the surface approachis rampant?
Could it be that R-SPQ-2F was
unsuitable for the respondents the
way the low-achieving Filipinostudents did in the LPQ of Zhang
and Bernardo (2000)?
7/31/2019 F1 Baylon Are We Learning by Rote Learning or by Understanding PEMEA Conference
23/23
Are we achieving by rote-learning
or by understanding?
Now, lets see the
countries and the
continents