CARDIOVASCULAR

SYSTEM

ERICA SAM LINDSEY

HEART • The central organ of the cardiovascular system.

• The muscular organ that pumps blood through a network of blood vessels.

• Beats more than 2.5 billion times in an average life span.

• Slightly larger than a fist.

Linings of the Heart• Endocardium: inner

lining of the heart.• Myocardium: the

muscular middle layer of the heart.

• Pericardium: the outer membranous sac surrounding the heart.

Chambers of the HeartSeptum Divides the heart into left and right

Upper Chambers Artria; recieves blood from other body parts

Lower Chambers Ventricles; pumps blood to other body parts

Right Atrium Receives blood from all body parts but the lungs

Right Ventricle Receives blood from right atrium and pumps it into the lungs

Left Atrium Receives oxygen righ blood from the lungs

Left Ventricle Receices blood from the left atrium, and pumps it through the aorta to the rest of the body

Heart Valves• Pulmonary Valve:

prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle after it has entered the pulmonary artery.

• Tricuspid Valve: prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium after it has entered the right ventricle.

• Aortic Valve: prevents blood from the flowing back into the left ventricle after it has entered the aorta.

• Mitral Valve: prevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium after it has entered the left ventricle.

Arteries

Function: carries blood throughout the bodyTemporal Artery Used to control bleeding from the head and scalp and to

monitor circulation

Carotid Artery Most readily accessible site for surgeons, in an emergency

Brachial Artery Site used to check blood pressure

Radial Artery Most common site for taking pulse

Femoral Artery Groin area; monitors circulation

Popliteal Artery Behind the knee; monitors circulation

Dorsails Pedis Arteries Upper surface of the foot; monitors lower limb circulation

BLOOD VESSELS

AORTA• LARGE BLOOD VESSELS

THAT COMES STRAIGHT FROM THE HEART.

ARTERIOUS AND OTHER VESSELS• THESE ARE THE VESSELS

THAT BRANCH OF FROM THE LARGER ARTERIES AND GO TO THE SMALLER CAPPILARIES.

Heart Aorta Smaller Arteries Arterious Capillaries Veins

Accessory Structures• Heartbeat: generated by specialized neuromuscular tissue

of the heart, that is capable of causing cardiac muscles to contract

• Blood Pressure: pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the vessels

• Pulse Pressure: the difference between the systolic and diastolic readings

• Veins: the vessels that transport blood from the peripheral tissues from the lungs to the heart

• Capillaries: microscopic blood vessels with single-celled walls that connect arterioles with venules

Blood Flow through the Heart

Cardiovascular System of the Head and Neck

• The brain needs a constant flow of blood to provide the glucose and oxygen it needs to function properly.

• Its important that the brain functions properly. It is the control center of the body. If the brain doesn’t work then neither does the body.

Heart and Cardiovascular System of the Upper Torso

• This is where the heart and major arties are found.

• There are also a large number of important blood vessels which serve the major organs of the upper abdomen, including the splenic vein, the abdominal aorta, and the hepatic veins.

Cardiovascular System of the Lower Torso

• This is the part of the Cardiovascular system where many important arteries and veins branch out

• This part of the system is one of the main blood flowing sources, which helps the blood flow throughout the body

Cardiovascular System of the Arm and Hand

• The cardiovascular system of the arm and hand include important veins and capillaries that carry blood through the arms and hands

• It moves blood to the heart and lungs.

https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=674&q=coronary+artery+disease&oq=coronary+a&gs_l=img.3.1.0l10.9112.13169.0.15233.10.10.0.0.0.0.165.1090.7j3.10.0....0...1ac.1.32.img..0.10.1088.kF7dfMBsryc#hl=en&q=Cardiovascular+System+of+the+Arm+and+Hand&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=1-VnEokNh9e_LM%253A%3BbwqWl9OJZn1NaM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252F2.bp.blogspot.com%252F_N6tDytZNzE0%252FSqqZ2lfvv2I%252FAAAAAAAAANE%252FqWk7W5gv2vw%252Fs320%252FCirculatory%25252BSystem%25252B-%25252BArm.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fporttal.blogspot.com%252F%3B257%3B320

Cardiovascular System of the Leg and Foot

• In the cardiovascular system of the leg and foot, blood is carried through the leg to the thigh using veins. It then is carried to the heart and lungs

https://www.google.com/search?q=Cardiovascular+System+of+the+Leg+and+Foot&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=9c7WUouTKuipsATa5YDICg&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAQ&biw=1366&bih=673#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=SINVxoFXBVaYRM%253A%3BRKM27TnbjtHERM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.sportspodiatry.co.uk%252Fimages%252Fimages%252Fleg.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.sportspodiatry.co.uk%252Fmisc_circulation.htm%3B271%3B418

The cardiovascular system works with other systems:• Respiratory-where we get the oxygen to put in

the blood; we use the lungs• Muscular- muscles rely on the blood to use as a

resource to move and take energy, oxygen, and carbon dioxide from them

• Skeletal-bones help protect the cardiovascular system; ribs protect the heart

• Integumentary- keeps the blood in the body

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

• Most common form of heart disease• Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)• Narrowing of the coronary arties (supply

blood to the heart)• Progressive disease that increases the risk of

heart attack and sudden death• Results from build up of fatty material and

plaque

CHD

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)

• A condition in which fatty deposits build up in the inner linings of the artery walls.• Blockages restrict circulation to the

kidneys, stomach, arms, legs, and feet.

Symptoms of PAD

• Claudication: dull, cramping pain in the hips, thighs, calves or buttocks.

• Numbness or tingling in the leg, foot, or toes. • Changes in skin temperature: cold to the

touch.• Impotence.• Sores or infections that do not heal. • Weakness in legs or arms.

Dysrhythmias

• Abnormality of the rhythm or rate of the heartbeat.

• Caused by disturbance of the normal electrical activity within the heartbeat.

• 2 groups: tachycardias and bradycardias.• Tachycardias- causes a rapid heartbeat with

more that 100 beats per minute.• Bradycardias- causes a slow heartbeat with less

that 60 beats per minute.

Dysrhythmias

Hypertension (HTN)

• Blood pressure (BP) reading higher than normal. • Can cause the blood vessels to become tight and

the blood to press against the vessel walls with extra force.

• Often has no symptoms and frequently called the silence killer.

• Can cause kidney failure, stroke, heart attack, PAD, and eye damage.

HTN

Prehypertension

• A high-risk precursor to hypertension.• Individuals age 18 years and older

with blood pressure ranging from 120/80 to 139/89 mm Hg belong to a new category.

Heart Attack

• Also known as myocardial infarction. • Occurs when the blood supply to part of the

heart muscle is severely reduced or stopped.

CARDIOVASCULAR SONGhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0s-1MC1hcE

BRAIN POP

http://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysystems/circulatorysystem/

Resources.

• Rice, J. (2008). Medical terminology: A word building approach. (6 ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.

• Postlehwait, J. H., & Hopson, J. L. (2009`). Modern biology. Austin, TX: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

• Miller, K. R., & Levine, J. (2002). Prentice hall biology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.

• Pictures via google images• Taylor, T. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://www.innerbody.com/image/cardov.html