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Energy Transformations : Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration. ATP & ADP. ATP : Adenosine Tri phosphate adenine + ribose + 3 phosphates Energy storing molecule, only stores “ E” for a few minutes Source of all cell energy When 1 phosphate group breaks off “E” is released!!!. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Energy Transformations:
PhotosynthesisCellular Respiration
ATP & ADP ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate adenine + ribose + 3 phosphates Energy storing molecule,
only stores “E” for a few minutes Source of all cell energy When 1 phosphate group breaks off
“E” is released!!!Adenine Ribose 3 Phosphate groups
ADP: Adenosine Diphosphate
Adenine + ribose + 2 phosphates
Molecule that results from ATP losing 1 “P”
Another “P” may be added later
ADP ATP
Energy
Energy
Partiallychargedbattery
Fullychargedbattery
Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
You get energy from the food you eat. Where does the energy in food come from?
Almost all of the energy in living systems needed for metabolism = SUN.
Figure 1 below shows how energy flows through living systems.
1. PLANT CONVERTS LIGHT “E” TO CHEMICAL “E”
2. ELK GETS “E” BY EATING PLANTS
3. LION GETS “E” FROM EATING ELK
How much energy is passed on between trophic levels?
Overview Photosynthesis Photosynthesis:
Process using “E” from sunlight to convert water and CO2 oxygen and carbohydrates (sugar; glucose)
Two parts: Light dependent reactions:
produce O2 & converts ADP to ATP
Calvin cycle (dark reactions): use ATP from light
reactions to produce sugars
Light Energy
CO2 + H2O Sugars + O2
Chloroplast
The Stages of Photosynthesis Stage 1 Energy is captured from sunlight. Stage 2 Light energy is converted to chemical
energy, Temporarily stored in ATP and the “E” carrier molecule
NADPH. Stage 3 The chemical energy stored in ATP and
NADPH powers the formation of organic compounds, GLUCOSE! Using carbon dioxide!
Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells and algae and in the cell membrane of certain prokaryotes.
What are the substances used and produced during each stage of
photosynthesis? Used Produced
Stage 1 Light, water Oxygen, hydrogen ions, excited electrons
Stage 2 Electrons, hydrogen ions ATP, NADPH
Stage 3 ATP, NADPH, carbon dioxide Organic compounds (GLUCOSE)
Why Do Plants Look Green?Many people think that plants are green because plants use green light during photosynthesis.
In fact, plants do NOT use green light
Instead red and blue light are used. Plants look green because they contain chlorophyll:
reflects green and yellow light absorbs blue and red light.
FORMULA for PHOTOSYNTHESIS:
6CO2 + 6H2O --- C6H12O6 + 6O2
Chloroplast
Chloroplast
Light-Dependent Reactions
CalvinCycle
Sugars
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LTglday5zak&list=PL1E591143AD487F24
Cellular Respiration http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eo5XndJaz-Y Respiration: process that releases energy by breaking down
food when oxygen is presentFormula:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
Fermentation: respiration without oxygen present
Two types:
Alcoholic Fermentation:
form ethyl alcohol and CO2 as waste products; used to make bread rise
Lactic acid Fermentation:
produces lactic acid in muscles when exercising without enough oxygen
The Stages of Cellular Respiration
Stage 1 Stage 1 Glucose is broken down into pyruvate in a process known as GLYCOLYSIS! - 2 ATP are produced!
Stage 2 Pyruvate is used to create NADH and FADH2 (both are energy carrier molecules) in a process known as the KREBS CYCLE! - NO ATP is produced in the Kreb’s Cycle!
Stage 3 The chemical energy stored in NADH and FADH2 powers the formation of ATP in a process known as the ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN! - 36 molecules of ATP are produced!
38 Total ATP are produced per glucose molecule
during cellular respiration!!!
GLYCOLYSIS
What are the substances used and produced during each stage of cellular respiration?
Stages of Cellular Respiration
Used Produced
Stage 1 Glucose pyruvate
Stage 2 pyruvate FADH2, NADH, CO2
Stage 3 FADH2, NADH, O2 Energy (ATP), H20
How Does Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Relate?
Almost opposite processes
Photosynthesis produces food (store)
Respiration breaks down food (releases)
Photosynthesis uses CO2 and releases O2
Respiration releases CO2 and uses O2
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDwUVpOEoE4&feature=youtu.be