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DOWNSTREAM
(Metabolit) Introduction of Boprocess Technology
Nur Istianah
22/11/2018 Nur Istianah-PTB Downstream process-
2016
Definition
• What is the advantage of extracellular production?
– Already outside cell
– Limited number secreted so easier to isolate
– More robust so less likely to be broken down by heat of chemicals
22/11/2018 Nur Istianah-PTB Downstream process-
2016
The nature of the downstream processing depends on two considerations:
• Whether product is intracellular or extracellular
• How pure the final product needs to be.
Industrial enzymes can be quite crude, but medicinal enzymes must be extremely pure. The purer the enzyme, the more complex the downstream processing, and the more expensive it is.
Extracellular enzyme
Intracellular enzyme Break open cells by
grinding or ultra-sonics
Filter
Enzyme in solution
Concentrate by evaporation at low temperature and pressure or by
osmosis
Crude enzyme in solution eg protease in chemical industry
Precipitate Powdered crude enzyme eg pectinase
Chromatography Pure enzyme for medicine eg
glucose oxidase
Cell biomass (useful waste product)
Methods
Separation
Solid-liquid
centrifugation
Filtration
Clarification
Flotation
Drying
Chromatography
crystalization
Liquid-liquid
Missible Distilation
Membran sep
Immissible Centrifugation
decanting
Case study
22/11/2018 Nur Istianah-PTB Downstream process-
2016
DISTILATION
22/11/2018 Nur Istianah-PTB Downstream process-
2016
Distilasi
Proses pemisahan dua komponen atau lebih berdasarkan perbedaan titik didihnya atau volatilitas
22/11/2018 Nur Istianah-PTB Downstream process-
2016
Pemisahan tepat terjadi pasa saat kondisi setimbang atau equilibrium
Feed
Distillate
Residue/ bottom
22/11/2018 Nur Istianah-PTB Downstream process-
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Basic concept of distillation methods
Q
Vapor Condensor
Destillate
Residue
Simple
Q, boiler
Vapor Condensor
Destillate
Residue
Liquid
Rectification/ reflux
Reflux
22/11/2018 Nur Istianah-PTB Downstream process-
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Kesetimbangan massa continuous flash distillation
Overall mass balance:
F = B + V Enthalpy balance:
F.hF = B.hB + V.hV Volatile compound mass balance:
F.xF = B.xB + V.y*
y* = -(B/V).(xB – xF) + xF
22/11/2018 Nur Istianah-PTB Downstream process-
2016
Fractional Distillation
Fractional Distillation
• Continuous Refluxing
– Total
– Partial
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CENTRIFUGATION
22/11/2018 Nur Istianah-PTB Downstream process-
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General principle
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Klasifikasi centrifuge
Kapasitas
Labratory centrifuge
Preparative centrifuge
Kegunaan
Sedimenting centrifuge
Filtering centrifuge
Ultracentrifugation
Tubular bowl Basket Disk stack Scroll decanter
Basket Pusher Baffle Inverting bag Cone screen
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Tubular bowl centrifuge
1000-15000rpm
Klasifikasi centrifuge
Labratory centrifuge
Tubular bowl centrifuge
500-2000 rpm
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Better performance than turbular flow
Preparative centrifuge
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Steve, 2007
Klasifikasi centrifuge
Sedimenting centrifuge
22/11/2018 Nur Istianah-PTB Downstream process-
2016 Steve, 2007
Klasifikasi centrifuge
Filtering centrifuge
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centrifugal filtration
1
centrifugal settling
2
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Gas-solid cyclone separator
3
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horizontal axis scroll decanter centrifuge
4
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Peeler centrifuge
Pusher centrifuge
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Ultracentrifugation
1000-15000 rpm
Digunakan untuk pemisahan atau analisa campuran makromolekul (AUC). Ex: protein
Rpm tinggi menimbulkan panas sehingga memerlukan cooling
Filtration
22/11/2018 Nur Istianah-PTB Downstream process-
2016
Drying
22/11/2018 Nur Istianah-PTB Downstream process-
2016
22/11/2018 Nur Istianah-PTB Downstream process-
2016
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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