DO NOW • How are

photosynthesis and respiration related? THINK --- raw materials and products.

• What do the two processes do for the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

CELLULAR RESPIRATIONTextbook pages 91-94

All Cells Need Energy• Glucose and other

sugars are cell food – the power source for all cell activities

• When a sugar molecule is broken down, a usable form of energy is released for all the cell functions

CELLULAR RESPIRATION• Cells use oxygen to

release energy stored in sugars such as glucose

• Takes place in the mitochondria– Mitochondria is in both

plant and animal cells, so both types of cells release energy using respiration

CELLULAR RESPIRATIONStarting (Raw) Materials The Process Products

1. Oxygen

2. Sugar(glucose)

(CYTOPLASM -glucose is split into smaller molecules)

The splitting of glucose releases energy.

The energy molecules move into the mitochondria and meet the oxygen molecules.

As C6H12O6 is broken down, hydrogen combines with oxygen to make water and carbon and oxygen bond to make carbon dioxide.

1. ENERGY

2. carbon dioxide

3. water

Now Create a Diagram That Illustrates Cellular Respiration

Turn to page 92 of the textbook and draw a diagram of a mitochondria. Include the raw materials, the process and the products involved in cellular respiration

The Cellular Respiration Equation

C6H12O6 + 6O2 Energy + 6H2O + 6CO2

RAW MATERIALS PRODUCTS

Yum….Eating Solar

Energy! Movie How are photosynthesis

and respiration related?

Can You Compare Photosynthesis to Cellular Respiration?

Copy this diagram or the one similar to it on page 93. Write how these two processes form a

CYCLE.

ATP = Energy

Photosynthesis Respiration

Occurs in the presence of light (and chlorophyll in

plant cells)

Occurs at all times in cells

Requires energy (light) to make sugar (glucose)

Releases energy from sugar

Complex substances (sugar) are formed from simpler

ones.

Complex substances (sugar) are broken down into

simpler ones.

Carbon dioxide and water are the raw materials.

Carbon dioxide and water are the waste products.

Oxygen is given out. Oxygen is taken in.

FERMENTATION• Process by which cells release energy

without the presence of oxygen– If respiration takes place, the oxygen combines with

the glucose to make energy. Without oxygen, none of this would happen and the process would just end.

• Instead of ending the process, the glucose STAYS IN the cytoplasm and fermentation occurs.

Types of Fermentation

• Alcoholic fermentation

• Lactic acid fermentation

Alcohol and carbon dioxide are produced

Lactic acid is produced

Sugars are still broken down, but WITHOUT oxygen around.

Both types release a small amount of energy.

FERMENTATION IS IMPORTANT• Produces many foods like breads, yogurt and

cheese• Example – Alcoholic fermentation

– bread is made by mixing flour milk and sugar with yeast.

– Yeast (a living organism) runs out of oxygen and uses fermentation to convert the sugar to alcohol and CO2.

• Bubbles of CO2 - form in the dough and cause it to rise giving it a light spongy texture.

• Alcohol - evaporates, • The yeast is killed

EXAMPLE – LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION

• Ever had a muscle cramp?– That’s lactic acid fermentation at work

• You are running the pacer test in gym, no matter how hard you breathe, your muscles cells use up the OXYGEN faster than can be replaced.

• Respiration stops and fermentation starts.– Products of fermentation gave to ENERGY to finish your

pacer test, but another product is lactic acid which builds in your cells and causes muscles to feel weak and sore.