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Dianne Lindley Nielsen, PhDNovember 7, 2009
Some Basics Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) Approach▪ ABC Model: Cognitive piece▪ Behavioral Principles
Three core beliefs: good idea/bad idea
Want more? References
Why does it matter, what’s in our head?
January 5, 2005National GeographicKing Tutankhamen
AC
B
AC
B
ACTIVATING EVENTS (life) CONSEQUENCES
emotionsbehaviors
AC
B
ACTIVATING EVENTS (life) CONSEQUENCES
emotionsbehaviors
BELIEFS
“When I get scared, I focus on a defnition of fate provided to me by a professor in college. Describing an ancient Greek perspective, he explained that fate could be imagined as a plot of fenced land. The individual cannot control where the fence stakes are placed. But every person determines how she maneuvers within the enclosed space. That I have ulcerative colitis is a fence post hammered into the ground at a very unfortunate angle. How I live my life with the disease is my decision. And my decision is to be hopeful.”
Loren BerlinNew York Times, 2/26/2008
Hans Selye1907-1982
“Pressure is a privilege.”
Billie Jean King
“I don’t run to see who’s the fastest:I run to see who has the most guts.”
Steve Prefontaine
“Everything can be taken away from a man but one thing,the last of the human freedoms:
to choose one’s attitude in any given set of circumstances,to choose one’s own way.”
Victor Frankl1905 - 1997
“ We are disturbed not by events, but by the views which we take of them.”
“I must die. Must I then die lamenting? I must be put in chains. Must I then also lament? I must go into exile. Does any man then hinder me from going with smiles and cheerfulness and contentment?”
Epictetus
Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning
Learning by Association Learning by consequences
Behavior is related to the stimulus Behavior is related to the result
Unconditioned Stimulus
(UC)S(Food)
Unconditioned Response
(UC)R(Drooling)
Ivan Pavlov 1849 - 1936
Unconditioned Stimulus
(UC)S(Food)
Unconditioned Response
(UC)R(Drooling)
Becomes associated with a new stimulus: (C) S (Bell)
Unconditioned Stimulus
(UC)S(Food)
Unconditioned Response
(UC)R(Drooling)
Becomes associated with a new stimulus: (C) S (Bell)
NEW ASSOCIATION:
(C)R(Drooling)
*A neutral Stimuli (e.g., holiday decorations) becomes associated with a positive Stimuli (e.g., family enjoyment). Individuals experience positive associations when they see holiday decorations.
*A neutral stimuli (e.g., deep breathing) is associated with a desirable physiological state (e.g., relaxation). Individuals can do breathing exercises to de-stress.
*A positive Stimuli (e.g., sheep meat ) is associated with
an aversive Stimuli (emetic): Coyotes avoid sheep.
B. F. Skinner 1904 - 1990
Edward Thorndike 1874 - 1949
Learned behavior that is infuenced by consequences
Reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior in a particular situation.
Punishment decreases the likelihood of a behavior in a particular situation.
EXTINCTIONReduction in likelihood of a behavior because reinforcement is
no longer provided in a particular situation.
EXTINCTION BURSTTemporary increase in frequency and/or intensity of a behavior
whose reinforcement is withdrawn.
IMPLICATION:Hang tough.
Behavioral Tech, LLC
Process of reinforcing successive approximations toward the desired behavior.
Working for a paycheck and for the satisfaction of mastery
Reinforcing yourself or others for early stages of efort (i.e., exercising) toward a goal of eventual inherent reinforcement (shaping)
*Adaptive response (e.g., work) is associated with aversive consequences (e.g., being overloaded). Individual may avoid/escape work.
*Maladaptive response (e.g., crises) receives positive consequences (e.g., therapist attention). Individual may increase crisis-living.
*Maladaptive response (e.g., video game stupor) is associated with positive consequences (relief from stress). Individual abuses Guitar Hero.
Albert Ellis
1914-2007
“How to Stubbornly Refuse to Make Yourself Miserable about Anything, Yes Anything” (2003)
“Britain’s Got Talent” April 2009
Better Idea #1:
UncondiitonalSelf and OtherAcceptance
“We are all in the same boat, in a stormy sea, and we owe each other a terrible loyalty.” G. K. Chesterton
Watch Gus: catastrophizing is often non-verbal.
Homer Hickam, Coalwood, West Virginia
Bad idea: catastrophizing
Specifying
ABSOLUTES SHOULD Have to Must Need Expectation
PREFERENCES HOPE Want Desire Decide to If -- then
Beneft: frustration tolerance
Overstimulation
Maladaptive Behavior
Distress and Dissatisfaction
Mindlessness
Linehan, DBT Skills Manual
Empathy, CompassionAnd Validation
Increase in skills to regulate emotions,Ability to Tolerate Distress and
Improve Interpersonal efectiveness
A Life Worth Living
Mindfulness
Linehan, DBT Skills Manual
Stinging Nettle Lamb’s Ear
" although T HE WORL D IS FIL L E D WIT H S uffering, it is full also of the OVE RCOMIN G OF it.”
“It is for us to pray not for tasks equal to our P owers but for powers equal to our tasks.”
helen keller
Helen Keller1880 - 1968
Anne Sullivan1866 - 1936
Albert Ellis: “How to Stubbornly Refuse to Make Yourself Miserable About Anything, yes
Anything.” (1999) “A Guide to Rational Living” (1975) “How to Make Yourself Remarkably Less Disturbable” (1999) “Overcoming Destructive Beliefs, Feelings and Behaviors” (2001)
David Burns: “Feeling Good: The New MoodTherapy” (1999) “The Feeling Good Handbook” (1999)
Aaron T. Beck: “Love Is Never Enough : How Couples Can Overcome Misunderstandings,
Resolve Conficts, and Solve Relationship Problems Through Cognitive Therapy” (1989)
![WEIBULL LINDLEY DISTRIBUTIONWeibull Lindley Distribution 89 1. INTRODUCTION The Lindley distribution was first proposed by Lindley [20] in the context of fiducial and Bayesian inference](https://img.dokumen.tips/doc/110x75/5e5126ea3815ee2c3d227ba4/weibull-lindley-distribution-weibull-lindley-distribution-89-1-introduction-the.jpg)
