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Dianne Lindley Nielsen, PhD November 7, 2009

Dianne Lindley Nielsen, PhD November 7, 2009innovinhealth.com/Conf09/NeilsonDepression.pdf · Hans Selye 1907-1982 “Pressure is a privilege.” ... " although T HE WORLD IS FILLE

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Dianne Lindley Nielsen, PhDNovember 7, 2009

Some Basics Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) Approach▪ ABC Model: Cognitive piece▪ Behavioral Principles

Three core beliefs: good idea/bad idea

Want more? References

Why does it matter, what’s in our head?

January 5, 2005National GeographicKing Tutankhamen

AC

B

AC

B

ACTIVATING EVENTS (life) CONSEQUENCES

emotionsbehaviors

AC

B

ACTIVATING EVENTS (life) CONSEQUENCES

emotionsbehaviors

BELIEFS

“When I get scared, I focus on a defnition of fate provided to me by a professor in college. Describing an ancient Greek perspective, he explained that fate could be imagined as a plot of fenced land. The individual cannot control where the fence stakes are placed. But every person determines how she maneuvers within the enclosed space. That I have ulcerative colitis is a fence post hammered into the ground at a very unfortunate angle. How I live my life with the disease is my decision. And my decision is to be hopeful.”

Loren BerlinNew York Times, 2/26/2008

Hans Selye1907-1982

“Pressure is a privilege.”

Billie Jean King

“I don’t run to see who’s the fastest:I run to see who has the most guts.”

Steve Prefontaine

“Everything can be taken away from a man but one thing,the last of the human freedoms:

to choose one’s attitude in any given set of circumstances,to choose one’s own way.”

Victor Frankl1905 - 1997

“ We are disturbed not by events, but by the views which we take of them.”

“I must die. Must I then die lamenting? I must be put in chains. Must I then also lament? I must go into exile. Does any man then hinder me from going with smiles and cheerfulness and contentment?”

Epictetus

Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning

Learning by Association Learning by consequences

Behavior is related to the stimulus Behavior is related to the result

Unconditioned Stimulus

(UC)S(Food)

Unconditioned Response

(UC)R(Drooling)

Ivan Pavlov 1849 - 1936

Unconditioned Stimulus

(UC)S(Food)

Unconditioned Response

(UC)R(Drooling)

Becomes associated with a new stimulus: (C) S (Bell)

Unconditioned Stimulus

(UC)S(Food)

Unconditioned Response

(UC)R(Drooling)

Becomes associated with a new stimulus: (C) S (Bell)

NEW ASSOCIATION:

(C)R(Drooling)

*A neutral Stimuli (e.g., holiday decorations) becomes associated with a positive Stimuli (e.g., family enjoyment). Individuals experience positive associations when they see holiday decorations.

*A neutral stimuli (e.g., deep breathing) is associated with a desirable physiological state (e.g., relaxation). Individuals can do breathing exercises to de-stress.

*A positive Stimuli (e.g., sheep meat ) is associated with

an aversive Stimuli (emetic): Coyotes avoid sheep.

B. F. Skinner 1904 - 1990

Edward Thorndike 1874 - 1949

Learned behavior that is infuenced by consequences

Reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior in a particular situation.

Punishment decreases the likelihood of a behavior in a particular situation.

EXTINCTIONReduction in likelihood of a behavior because reinforcement is

no longer provided in a particular situation.

EXTINCTION BURSTTemporary increase in frequency and/or intensity of a behavior

whose reinforcement is withdrawn.

IMPLICATION:Hang tough.

Behavioral Tech, LLC

Process of reinforcing successive approximations toward the desired behavior.

Working for a paycheck and for the satisfaction of mastery

Reinforcing yourself or others for early stages of efort (i.e., exercising) toward a goal of eventual inherent reinforcement (shaping)

*Adaptive response (e.g., work) is associated with aversive consequences (e.g., being overloaded). Individual may avoid/escape work.

*Maladaptive response (e.g., crises) receives positive consequences (e.g., therapist attention). Individual may increase crisis-living.

*Maladaptive response (e.g., video game stupor) is associated with positive consequences (relief from stress). Individual abuses Guitar Hero.

Albert Ellis

1914-2007

“How to Stubbornly Refuse to Make Yourself Miserable about Anything, Yes Anything” (2003)

“Britain’s Got Talent” April 2009

Better Idea #1:

UncondiitonalSelf and OtherAcceptance

“We are all in the same boat, in a stormy sea, and we owe each other a terrible loyalty.” G. K. Chesterton

Watch Gus: catastrophizing is often non-verbal.

Homer Hickam, Coalwood, West Virginia

Bad idea: catastrophizing

Specifying

ABSOLUTES SHOULD Have to Must Need Expectation

PREFERENCES HOPE Want Desire Decide to If -- then

Beneft: frustration tolerance

Overstimulation

Maladaptive Behavior

Distress and Dissatisfaction

Mindlessness

Linehan, DBT Skills Manual

Empathy, CompassionAnd Validation

Increase in skills to regulate emotions,Ability to Tolerate Distress and

Improve Interpersonal efectiveness

A Life Worth Living

Mindfulness

Linehan, DBT Skills Manual

Stinging Nettle Lamb’s Ear

" although T HE WORL D IS FIL L E D WIT H S uffering, it is full also of the OVE RCOMIN G OF it.”

“It is for us to pray not for tasks equal to our P owers but for powers equal to our tasks.”

helen keller

Helen Keller1880 - 1968

Anne Sullivan1866 - 1936

Albert Ellis: “How to Stubbornly Refuse to Make Yourself Miserable About Anything, yes

Anything.” (1999) “A Guide to Rational Living” (1975) “How to Make Yourself Remarkably Less Disturbable” (1999) “Overcoming Destructive Beliefs, Feelings and Behaviors” (2001)

David Burns: “Feeling Good: The New MoodTherapy” (1999) “The Feeling Good Handbook” (1999)

Aaron T. Beck: “Love Is Never Enough : How Couples Can Overcome Misunderstandings,

Resolve Conficts, and Solve Relationship Problems Through Cognitive Therapy” (1989)