Czech HistoryCzech History Moravian Empire (843 – 907)Moravian Empire (843 – 907)

St. St. CyrilCyril and St. Methodius and St. Methodius Premyslid Family (870 – 1306)Premyslid Family (870 – 1306)

St. Wenceslaus, Premysl Otakar II.St. Wenceslaus, Premysl Otakar II. Luxemburg Family (1310 – 1437)Luxemburg Family (1310 – 1437)

John of Luxemburg, Charles IV., HussitismJohn of Luxemburg, Charles IV., Hussitism Jagellonians Family (1478 – 1526)Jagellonians Family (1478 – 1526) Habsburg Family (1526 – 1918)Habsburg Family (1526 – 1918)

battle on Bílá hora, empress Marie Teresabattle on Bílá hora, empress Marie Teresa CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia

Czechoslovak RepublicCzechoslovak Republic (1918 – 1938; T. G. Masaryk)(1918 – 1938; T. G. Masaryk) Czechoslovak Socialistic RepublicCzechoslovak Socialistic Republic (1948 – 1989; communism)(1948 – 1989; communism) Czechoslovak Federative RepublicCzechoslovak Federative Republic (1989 – 1992)(1989 – 1992) Czech Republic Czech Republic (1993 – present)(1993 – present)

Great Moravian EmpireGreat Moravian Empire (833 – 907) (833 – 907) first western Slavic statefirst western Slavic state 833 – after annexation of principality 833 – after annexation of principality

of Nitra – formation of Great of Nitra – formation of Great Moravian Empire (prince Mojmír I.)Moravian Empire (prince Mojmír I.)

863 – invitation of Cyril a Methodius 863 – invitation of Cyril a Methodius (duke Rostislav I.) – effort of (duke Rostislav I.) – effort of emancipation from the Frankish emancipation from the Frankish Empire influenceEmpire influence

Svatopluk (870 – 894) – after St. Svatopluk (870 – 894) – after St. Methodius death (885) admitted Franc Methodius death (885) admitted Franc Empire protection (payments for Empire protection (payments for peace) – empire stabilization, peace) – empire stabilization, expansion on East and South (see map)expansion on East and South (see map)

fall of Empire (907) after Hungarian fall of Empire (907) after Hungarian invasion (Mojmir II.)invasion (Mojmir II.)

St. Cyril (826 - 869) a St. Methodius (815 – 885)St. Cyril (826 - 869) a St. Methodius (815 – 885)

Slavic missionaries (brothers) invited Slavic missionaries (brothers) invited to Great Moravia by prince Rostislav to Great Moravia by prince Rostislav I. – effort for emancipation from the I. – effort for emancipation from the Franc Empire influenceFranc Empire influence

inventors of Glagolitic alphabet – inventors of Glagolitic alphabet – used for Slavonic manuscriptsused for Slavonic manuscripts

using of old Slavic language for using of old Slavic language for religious service (for common religious service (for common people)people)

863 – 885 mission on the Great 863 – 885 mission on the Great MoraviaMoravia

seat on Velehrad (Southern Moravia)seat on Velehrad (Southern Moravia)

St. WenceslaSt. Wenceslauus (907 – 935)s (907 – 935)

main patron saint for Bohemiamain patron saint for Bohemia from Premyslid Family (ruling from Premyslid Family (ruling

duke family in Bohemia)duke family in Bohemia) peace payments to Frankish peace payments to Frankish

EmpireEmpire built rotunda of St. Vitus on built rotunda of St. Vitus on

Prague CastlePrague Castle consistent Christianization in the consistent Christianization in the

whole Bohemian princedomwhole Bohemian princedom murdered by his brother - murdered by his brother -

canonizationcanonization

Premysl Otakar II. (1233 – 1278)Premysl Otakar II. (1233 – 1278)

ruled in 1253 – 1278ruled in 1253 – 1278 Premyslid Family – king iron and goldenPremyslid Family – king iron and golden Styria (marriage, 1252), Hungary Styria (marriage, 1252), Hungary

(marriage, 1260), expansion of the (marriage, 1260), expansion of the Bohemian stateBohemian state

foundation of royal cities and support of foundation of royal cities and support of economic development (king gold)economic development (king gold)

ambitious – aspiration on the position of ambitious – aspiration on the position of Holy Roman Empire king – leading Holy Roman Empire king – leading crusades to Lithuania (Koningsberg, 1255) crusades to Lithuania (Koningsberg, 1255) (king iron)(king iron)

Czech noble opposition (restricted by Czech noble opposition (restricted by Premysl) together with Rudolph I. Premysl) together with Rudolph I. Habsburg – battle of Durnkrut (1278; Habsburg – battle of Durnkrut (1278; Hungary) – Premysl deathHungary) – Premysl death

John the Blind Luxembourgish (1296 – 1346)John the Blind Luxembourgish (1296 – 1346)

die out of the Premyslid Family (1306)die out of the Premyslid Family (1306) marriage of John of Luxemburg with marriage of John of Luxemburg with

Elisabeth the Premyslid (1310, crowned for Elisabeth the Premyslid (1310, crowned for the Bohemian king in 1311)the Bohemian king in 1311)

territorial enlargement of Bohemian territorial enlargement of Bohemian kingdom (Silesia, Northitalian cities) – never kingdom (Silesia, Northitalian cities) – never stay in the kingdom for the long time stay in the kingdom for the long time (tournaments, battles)(tournaments, battles)

motto: „It is gonna never be that Czech motto: „It is gonna never be that Czech king is running away from the battlefield“. king is running away from the battlefield“. Dying in the battle of Crecy (1346, hundred Dying in the battle of Crecy (1346, hundred years war; the same day as the day of death years war; the same day as the day of death Premysl Otakar II.)Premysl Otakar II.)

Charles IV. (1316 – 1378)Charles IV. (1316 – 1378)

son of John of Luxemburg and Elizabeth son of John of Luxemburg and Elizabeth the Premyslid, educated in France (former the Premyslid, educated in France (former name Wenceslaus)name Wenceslaus)

king of Holy Roman Empire (1346) and king of Holy Roman Empire (1346) and emperor (1355)emperor (1355)

founder of Prague archbishopric (1344), founder of Prague archbishopric (1344), Bohemian crown jewelry (1346), Charles Bohemian crown jewelry (1346), Charles University (1348), Karlstein (1348), University (1348), Karlstein (1348), Charles bridge (1357) etc.Charles bridge (1357) etc.

marriage politics as the tool for regional marriage politics as the tool for regional enlargement and politics (4 wives; added enlargement and politics (4 wives; added Palatinate, Lusatia), gained Brandenburg Palatinate, Lusatia), gained Brandenburg (1371)(1371)

Hussites (1420 – 1434)Hussites (1420 – 1434)

burning of Master Jan Hus (1415, religious burning of Master Jan Hus (1415, religious Council of Constance where he should defend Council of Constance where he should defend himself)himself)

protestant and reform movement in Roman protestant and reform movement in Roman Catholic church relates with Master Hus heritage Catholic church relates with Master Hus heritage – to live according to the Bible, criticizing the – to live according to the Bible, criticizing the churchchurch

foundation of city Tábor (where they decided to foundation of city Tábor (where they decided to live according to the Bible)live according to the Bible)

leader Jan Zizka (+1424), Hussites fought off 5 leader Jan Zizka (+1424), Hussites fought off 5 crusades against Bohemiacrusades against Bohemia

defeat of hussitism – battle of Lipany (1434) – defeat of hussitism – battle of Lipany (1434) – Hussites against HussitesHussites against Hussites

negative economic impacts on the whole kingdomnegative economic impacts on the whole kingdom

Battle Battle of White Mountainof White Mountain (1620) (1620)

one of the battles in so called Thirty years one of the battles in so called Thirty years war (1618 – 1648)war (1618 – 1648)

catholic league (Habsburg) against catholic league (Habsburg) against protestantsprotestants

21. 6. 16221. 6. 16211 – execution of 27 Bohemian – execution of 27 Bohemian noblemen on Old Town Square in Prague noblemen on Old Town Square in Prague for the participation in contrahabsburg for the participation in contrahabsburg uprising (fight for noble privileges and uprising (fight for noble privileges and religious freedom – after Hussitism in religious freedom – after Hussitism in Bohemia was religious toleration)Bohemia was religious toleration)

strengthen of Catholicism and strengthen of Catholicism and confirmation of absolutistic regime of confirmation of absolutistic regime of Habsburg – emigration wave (J.A. Habsburg – emigration wave (J.A. Komensky)Komensky)

Jan Amos Komensky (1592 – 1670)Jan Amos Komensky (1592 – 1670)

teacher of the nations (died in Naarden, NL)teacher of the nations (died in Naarden, NL) prostestant bishopprostestant bishop Work:Work:

Informatory of nursery schoolInformatory of nursery school Orbis pictus (first pictorial schoolbook in the world)Orbis pictus (first pictorial schoolbook in the world) Language Gate Opened (how to learn languages)Language Gate Opened (how to learn languages) Didactica Magna (contains principles of modern education, Didactica Magna (contains principles of modern education,

e.g.: education for all, free of charge and in mother tongue, e.g.: education for all, free of charge and in mother tongue, compulsory school attendance, clearness of education, compulsory school attendance, clearness of education, process from known to unknown, from simplicity to process from known to unknown, from simplicity to complexity of the knowing of the Nature, adequacy of the complexity of the knowing of the Nature, adequacy of the theme to the age, accent on praxis). Includes opinion on theme to the age, accent on praxis). Includes opinion on the education concept – splits education in 4 periods, each the education concept – splits education in 4 periods, each for 6 years :for 6 years : 0 – 6 0 – 6 childhood – nursery schoolchildhood – nursery school 6 – 12 6 – 12 boyhood – general schoolboyhood – general school12 – 18 12 – 18 adolescenthood – grammar schooladolescenthood – grammar school18 – 24 18 – 24 youth – academy + 2 years of youth – academy + 2 years of travelingtraveling

MariMariaa Teresa (1717 – 1780) Teresa (1717 – 1780)

empress from the Habsburg houseempress from the Habsburg house enlightened ruler, number of reforms:enlightened ruler, number of reforms:

Military service (administrative military Military service (administrative military districts; war with Prussia (1756 – 1763))districts; war with Prussia (1756 – 1763))

justice (forbidding of right of torture)justice (forbidding of right of torture) regional administration (attendance to the regional administration (attendance to the

office as well as for qualified nonaristocrats; office as well as for qualified nonaristocrats; first compact lists of possessions of all subjects first compact lists of possessions of all subjects – registries)– registries)

education (1773) – secularizing of universities education (1773) – secularizing of universities (restriction of the Jesuits influence), prototypal (restriction of the Jesuits influence), prototypal schools, unification of requirements on schools schools, unification of requirements on schools and teachers as well, school hierarchy, and teachers as well, school hierarchy, teaching only in Germanteaching only in German

CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia Czechoslovak Republic (1918 – 1938)Czechoslovak Republic (1918 – 1938)

founders: T. G. Masaryk, E. Benesfounders: T. G. Masaryk, E. Benes united, centralistic, national state based on the idea of united, centralistic, national state based on the idea of

„c„czzechoslovakismus“)echoslovakismus“) model and garantor was Francemodel and garantor was France Tomas Garrigue Masaryk – first Czechoslovak president (till 1935), Tomas Garrigue Masaryk – first Czechoslovak president (till 1935),

after him dr. E. Beneafter him dr. E. Beness nationalities: Czech (6,7 mil; 50%), German (3,1 mil; 23%); Slovak (2 nationalities: Czech (6,7 mil; 50%), German (3,1 mil; 23%); Slovak (2

mil; 23%), Hungarian (0,8 mil; 5,5%), Karpatorusíni (0,5 mil; 3,5%), mil; 23%), Hungarian (0,8 mil; 5,5%), Karpatorusíni (0,5 mil; 3,5%), others (0,5 mil; 4%)others (0,5 mil; 4%)

Czechoslovak Socialistic Republic (1948 – 1989)Czechoslovak Socialistic Republic (1948 – 1989) takeover of all power by communistic partytakeover of all power by communistic party Region of interest of USSRRegion of interest of USSR

Czechoslovak Federal Republic (1989 – 1992)Czechoslovak Federal Republic (1989 – 1992) continuing in democratic development before 1948continuing in democratic development before 1948 issue with national structure (Slovak vs. Czech)issue with national structure (Slovak vs. Czech)

Czech Republic (1993 – present)Czech Republic (1993 – present)

Other famous CzechOther famous Czechss

František Palacký (1799 – 1876; historian)František Palacký (1799 – 1876; historian) Tomas Garrigue Masaryk (1850 – 1938; first Czechoslovak president)Tomas Garrigue Masaryk (1850 – 1938; first Czechoslovak president) Nobel Laureates:Nobel Laureates:

Jaroslav Heyrovský (chemistry; polarograph)Jaroslav Heyrovský (chemistry; polarograph) Jaroslav Seifert (literature)Jaroslav Seifert (literature)

Thank you for your attention Thank you for your attention Made by Zdena Palupová and Jitka MüllerováMade by Zdena Palupová and Jitka Müllerová