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EDIT 791 Fall 2002
Community Technology Community Technology and Virtual Communitiesand Virtual Communities
September 26 2002September 26 2002Andrea ChenAndrea Chen
Soo ParkSoo ParkMarcella SimonMarcella Simon
Virtual CommunitiesVirtual Communities
Community Community vsvs NetworkNetworkRelationships Relationships vsvs InformationInformationGeographic location Geographic location vsvs Common InterestCommon InterestOnOn--line Community = Virtual Communityline Community = Virtual Community
ldquoConcept of convening people in virtual ldquoConcept of convening people in virtual space and describes a range of online space and describes a range of online activities including electronic collaboration activities including electronic collaboration virtual networks Webvirtual networks Web--based discussions based discussions or electronic mailing listsrdquo or electronic mailing listsrdquo (www(wwwbentonbentonorg)org)
The ProsThe Pros
Virtual Communities couldhellipVirtual Communities couldhelliphelp revive the community spirit in help revive the community spirit in AmericaAmericaincrease the level of civic increase the level of civic engagement which has been on a engagement which has been on a declinedeclinebind fragmented communities bind fragmented communities togethertogether
The ConsThe Cons
Virtual CommunitieshellipVirtual CommunitieshellipHas the potential to undermine Has the potential to undermine communitycommunityAllow for restriction of information Allow for restriction of information flow thus increasing community flow thus increasing community fragmentationfragmentationPromote more weak relationships Promote more weak relationships than strong onesthan strong ones
The QuestionThe Question
Do virtual communities contribute to the Do virtual communities contribute to the destruction of communitiesdestruction of communities
Do virtual communities build beneficial Do virtual communities build beneficial relationshiprelationshipbullbull Weak or strongWeak or strongbullbull Good or badGood or bad
Does it promote interactionDoes it promote interactionbullbull Is physical interaction necessary for Is physical interaction necessary for
communitycommunity
Community Technology MovementCommunity Technology Movement
Convergence of technologies and public Convergence of technologies and public policypolicybullbull Community Technology CentersCommunity Technology Centersbullbull Community Networking ProjectsCommunity Networking Projectsbullbull Community Cable TelevisionCommunity Cable Television
Community cable TV access centers Community cable TV access centers Broadened program and mission of public Broadened program and mission of public access to communications technologiesaccess to communications technologies
Community Technology BeginningCommunity Technology Beginning
OnOn--lineVirtual CommunitieslineVirtual Communitiesbullbull PTWPTW--Play to Win Play to Win
Program for prisoners to promote Program for prisoners to promote educational use of computers and offer educational use of computers and offer technical assistance to prisoners and technical assistance to prisoners and rehabilitation agenciesrehabilitation agenciesPlaying To Win opens the Harlem Playing To Win opens the Harlem Community Computing Center which Community Computing Center which provides the neighborhood with public provides the neighborhood with public access to personal computers access to personal computers
Community Technology EvolutionCommunity Technology Evolution
Community Technology CenterCommunity Technology Centerbullbull Digital opportunity and lifeDigital opportunity and life--long learning long learning
underserved communitiesunderserved communitiesbullbull AfterAfter--school homework assistance school homework assistance bullbull Computer access for children whose Computer access for children whose
families cant afford their own families cant afford their own bullbull Learning opportunitiesLearning opportunitiesbullbull Programs and services that help older Programs and services that help older
youth make important vocational youth make important vocational academic and career choices academic and career choices
Parallels between Parallels between
Cable and ComputingCable and Computing
Technological Technological
MovementsMovements
Lessons Learned from CableLessons Learned from Cable
Auxiliary service to Distinct mediumAuxiliary service to Distinct mediumAccess and industry collaborationAccess and industry collaborationDemonstrate potentialDemonstrate potentialAdvocacy OrganizationsAdvocacy OrganizationsPublic access is socially responsible mediumPublic access is socially responsible mediumPolitically SavvyPolitically SavvyFoundation supportFoundation support
Difference is the active participantDifference is the active participantAccess Access Skills Skills Social ChangeSocial Change
Community Technology TerminologyCommunity Technology Terminology
Distributed Distributed vsvs Local CommunitiesLocal CommunitiesCybergroupiesCybergroupies vsvs Local Groupies Local Groupies GlocalizationGlocalization vsvs GlobalizationGlobalizationCommunity Centers Community Centers vsvs CTCsCTCsCommunity ComputingCommunity Community ComputingCommunity Networks Networks Virtual CommunitiesOnVirtual CommunitiesOn--line line CommunitiesCommunities
DefinitionsDefinitions
Distributed CommunityDistributed Communitybullbull Any community of practice that cannot Any community of practice that cannot
rely on facerely on face--toto--face meetings and face meetings and interaction as primary vehicle for interaction as primary vehicle for connecting members connecting members (Challenge of (Challenge of DistrDistr CommComm))
DefinitionsDefinitions
Community ComputingCommunity ComputingThe OldThe Oldbullbull Community networksFreeCommunity networksFree--Nets are ldquoloosely Nets are ldquoloosely
organized communityorganized community--base volunteerbase volunteer--managed managed electronic network serversrdquo that provide free electronic network serversrdquo that provide free dialdial--up access to the Internet and information up access to the Internet and information about the local community about the local community (Beamish)(Beamish)
bullbull Refers to public access centers online access Refers to public access centers online access and provision of information and provision of information (Beamish) (Beamish)
Definitions Evolved Definitions Evolved
Community ComputingCommunity Computingbullbull A process to serve the local A process to serve the local
geographical communitygeographical community--to respond to to respond to the needs of that community and build the needs of that community and build solutions to its problems Community solutions to its problems Community networking in the social sense is not a networking in the social sense is not a new concept but using electronic new concept but using electronic communications to extend and amplify communications to extend and amplify it certainly isrdquo it certainly isrdquo
~Mario ~Mario MorinoMorino
Definitions EvolvedDefinitions Evolved
Focus moving from FREE to community Focus moving from FREE to community information SERVER information SERVER (Beamish)(Beamish)
Focus community access to developmentFocus community access to developmentContent consumer Content consumer vsvs Content producer Content producer (Beamish)(Beamish)
bullbull Increasingly however technology activists Increasingly however technology activists stress the importance of nurturing individuals stress the importance of nurturing individuals and indigenous community organizations that and indigenous community organizations that already provide help and support in the already provide help and support in the community rather than trying to impose community rather than trying to impose technology from the outside technology from the outside (Benton)(Benton)
DefinitionsDefinitions
Community Technology Community Technology bullbull To give people of the community tools To give people of the community tools
to better their lives using technologyto better their lives using technology
Community Technology
Community ComputingCommunity Center
Community Service
Copyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
Ideas EvolvedIdeas Evolved
ldquowho controls the content (and) how ldquowho controls the content (and) how much control does the community much control does the community have on the electronic environment have on the electronic environment serving it serving it ((bentonbenton) Peter Miller (Community ) Peter Miller (Community
Technology Centers Network)Technology Centers Network)
Strategies for Strategies for CTCsCTCs
Technology ProvidedTechnology Providedbullbull Hardware Software TrainingHardware Software Trainingbullbull InfrastructureInfrastructurebullbull Online access Online access bullbull Relevant contentRelevant content
Target GroupTarget Groupbullbull IndividualsIndividualsbullbull General PublicGeneral Publicbullbull SchoolsSchoolsbullbull YouthYouthbullbull Community OrganizationsCommunity Organizationsbullbull Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic
GroupsNeighborhoods)GroupsNeighborhoods)
ExamplesExamples
of of
FacilitiesFacilities
Facilities for Facilities for CTCsCTCs
Large Public LibraryLarge Public LibraryCable Access CenterCable Access CenterStandStand--alone Community Centeralone Community CenterCyberCyber--CafeacutesCafeacutes
Type Type
and and
CategoryCategory
ExamplesExamples
TypesCategories for Virtual TypesCategories for Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
SupportInterest GroupsSupportInterest Groupsbullbull Sports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacialSports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacial
Information SharingInformation Sharingbullbull ForumsForumsbullbull MeetingsMeetings
CommunicationCommunicationbullbull EE--mailmailbullbull Chat roomsChat rooms
NetworkingNetworkingInformationInformationbullbull NewsNewsbullbull Health Health bullbull Financial Financial
ShoppingShopping
Benefits to Virtual CommunitiesBenefits to Virtual Communities
Increase job skills and access to Increase job skills and access to employment opportunityemployment opportunityImproved outlook on learning and Improved outlook on learning and educational goalseducational goalsTechnological Literacy to achieve Technological Literacy to achieve individual goalsindividual goalsNew skills and knowledgeNew skills and knowledgeIncrease civic participationIncrease civic participationSocial and Community connectionsSocial and Community connectionsNew connections across ethnic economic New connections across ethnic economic and generational categoriesand generational categories
Key ContributorsKey Contributors
CTCNetCTCNet-- Community Technology Center Community Technology Center Network (Network (httpwwwctcnetorghttpwwwctcnetorg))
bullbull Network of more than Network of more than 700 community 700 community technology centerstechnology centers
bullbull LowLow--income communities gain access to income communities gain access to computers and computercomputers and computer--related technology related technology such as the Internetsuch as the Internet
bullbull Mission to support community technology Mission to support community technology centers so that they can better serve their centers so that they can better serve their constituencies constituencies
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
CCTCCT-- Center for Children and Technology Center for Children and Technology ((httpwww2edcorgCCThttpwww2edcorgCCT))
bullbull Address issues in technology and learningAddress issues in technology and learningbullbull Research and development of learning with Research and development of learning with
technologytechnology
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
The Childrens Partnership The Childrens Partnership ((httpwwwhttpwwwchildrenspartnershipchildrenspartnershiporgorg))
bullbull Research advocacy for underservedResearch advocacy for underservedbullbull FirstFirst--ever report on how the digital age affects ever report on how the digital age affects
children and how to best advance their interests children and how to best advance their interests bullbull Worked to help develop online media for youthWorked to help develop online media for youthbullbull Equip parents and others as guides and advocates Equip parents and others as guides and advocates
for childrenfor childrenbullbull Working with 11 lowWorking with 11 low--income communities in California income communities in California
helping to build sustainable community technology helping to build sustainable community technology centerscenters
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
SRI International (SRI International (httpwwwsricompolicyctlhttpwwwsricompolicyctl))bullbull Mission is to transform research into Mission is to transform research into
application application bullbull How to effectively use technologies to support How to effectively use technologies to support
learning were considered to be so important learning were considered to be so important that the Center for Technology in Learning that the Center for Technology in Learning (CTL) was established(CTL) was established
NTIA NTIA -- National Telecommunications and National Telecommunications and Information AssociationInformation Association
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
HUD Networking HUD Networking ((httpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtmlhttpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtml))
bullbull Neighborhood Networks a communityNeighborhood Networks a community--based based program of the US Department of Housing program of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)and Urban Development (HUD)
bullbull In 1995 began with a few HUD community In 1995 began with a few HUD community technology centerstechnology centers
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
Benton Foundation (Benton Foundation (httpwwwbentonorghttpwwwbentonorg))
bullbull Social benefits in use of emerging Social benefits in use of emerging communications communications
bullbull Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital media to engage equip and connect people to media to engage equip and connect people to alleviate social ills alleviate social ills
bullbull Mission To articulate a public interest vision for Mission To articulate a public interest vision for the digital age and to demonstrate the value of the digital age and to demonstrate the value of communications for solving social problemscommunications for solving social problems
Key International ContributorsKey International Contributors
UNESCOUNESCOInternational Research Development International Research Development CenterCenterbullbull Acacia Acacia ndashndash AfricaAfricabullbull SomosSomos TelecentrosTelecentros ndashndash Latin AmericaLatin Americabullbull Pan Asia Networking Pan Asia Networking ndashndash AsiaAsia
International Telecommunications International Telecommunications Union Union
How do youHow do you
Build a Build a
Virtual Virtual
CommunityCommunity
Nine Design StrategiesNine Design Strategies
PurposePurposePlacesPlacesProfilesProfilesRolesRolesLeadershipLeadership
EtiquetteEtiquetteEventsEventsRitualsRitualsSubgroupsSubgroups
What are the building blocks
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Define and Articulate Your PurposeDefine and Articulate Your Purpose
Ask yourself these questionsAsk yourself these questions
bullbull What typeWhat type of community do I want to of community do I want to buildbuild
bullbull WhyWhy am I building itam I building it
bullbull WhoWho am I building it foram I building it for
Build Flexible Extensible Gathering Build Flexible Extensible Gathering PlacesPlaces
What do I need to look out forWhat do I need to look out for
bullbull Communication structureCommunication structure
bullbull Neighborhood layoutNeighborhood layout
bullbull Future growthFuture growth
Create Meaningful and Evolving Create Meaningful and Evolving Member ProfilesMember Profiles
Why do I need member profilesWhy do I need member profiles
bullbull Provide social contextProvide social context
bullbull Establish unique identitiesEstablish unique identities
bullbull Build trustBuild trust
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Virtual CommunitiesVirtual Communities
Community Community vsvs NetworkNetworkRelationships Relationships vsvs InformationInformationGeographic location Geographic location vsvs Common InterestCommon InterestOnOn--line Community = Virtual Communityline Community = Virtual Community
ldquoConcept of convening people in virtual ldquoConcept of convening people in virtual space and describes a range of online space and describes a range of online activities including electronic collaboration activities including electronic collaboration virtual networks Webvirtual networks Web--based discussions based discussions or electronic mailing listsrdquo or electronic mailing listsrdquo (www(wwwbentonbentonorg)org)
The ProsThe Pros
Virtual Communities couldhellipVirtual Communities couldhelliphelp revive the community spirit in help revive the community spirit in AmericaAmericaincrease the level of civic increase the level of civic engagement which has been on a engagement which has been on a declinedeclinebind fragmented communities bind fragmented communities togethertogether
The ConsThe Cons
Virtual CommunitieshellipVirtual CommunitieshellipHas the potential to undermine Has the potential to undermine communitycommunityAllow for restriction of information Allow for restriction of information flow thus increasing community flow thus increasing community fragmentationfragmentationPromote more weak relationships Promote more weak relationships than strong onesthan strong ones
The QuestionThe Question
Do virtual communities contribute to the Do virtual communities contribute to the destruction of communitiesdestruction of communities
Do virtual communities build beneficial Do virtual communities build beneficial relationshiprelationshipbullbull Weak or strongWeak or strongbullbull Good or badGood or bad
Does it promote interactionDoes it promote interactionbullbull Is physical interaction necessary for Is physical interaction necessary for
communitycommunity
Community Technology MovementCommunity Technology Movement
Convergence of technologies and public Convergence of technologies and public policypolicybullbull Community Technology CentersCommunity Technology Centersbullbull Community Networking ProjectsCommunity Networking Projectsbullbull Community Cable TelevisionCommunity Cable Television
Community cable TV access centers Community cable TV access centers Broadened program and mission of public Broadened program and mission of public access to communications technologiesaccess to communications technologies
Community Technology BeginningCommunity Technology Beginning
OnOn--lineVirtual CommunitieslineVirtual Communitiesbullbull PTWPTW--Play to Win Play to Win
Program for prisoners to promote Program for prisoners to promote educational use of computers and offer educational use of computers and offer technical assistance to prisoners and technical assistance to prisoners and rehabilitation agenciesrehabilitation agenciesPlaying To Win opens the Harlem Playing To Win opens the Harlem Community Computing Center which Community Computing Center which provides the neighborhood with public provides the neighborhood with public access to personal computers access to personal computers
Community Technology EvolutionCommunity Technology Evolution
Community Technology CenterCommunity Technology Centerbullbull Digital opportunity and lifeDigital opportunity and life--long learning long learning
underserved communitiesunderserved communitiesbullbull AfterAfter--school homework assistance school homework assistance bullbull Computer access for children whose Computer access for children whose
families cant afford their own families cant afford their own bullbull Learning opportunitiesLearning opportunitiesbullbull Programs and services that help older Programs and services that help older
youth make important vocational youth make important vocational academic and career choices academic and career choices
Parallels between Parallels between
Cable and ComputingCable and Computing
Technological Technological
MovementsMovements
Lessons Learned from CableLessons Learned from Cable
Auxiliary service to Distinct mediumAuxiliary service to Distinct mediumAccess and industry collaborationAccess and industry collaborationDemonstrate potentialDemonstrate potentialAdvocacy OrganizationsAdvocacy OrganizationsPublic access is socially responsible mediumPublic access is socially responsible mediumPolitically SavvyPolitically SavvyFoundation supportFoundation support
Difference is the active participantDifference is the active participantAccess Access Skills Skills Social ChangeSocial Change
Community Technology TerminologyCommunity Technology Terminology
Distributed Distributed vsvs Local CommunitiesLocal CommunitiesCybergroupiesCybergroupies vsvs Local Groupies Local Groupies GlocalizationGlocalization vsvs GlobalizationGlobalizationCommunity Centers Community Centers vsvs CTCsCTCsCommunity ComputingCommunity Community ComputingCommunity Networks Networks Virtual CommunitiesOnVirtual CommunitiesOn--line line CommunitiesCommunities
DefinitionsDefinitions
Distributed CommunityDistributed Communitybullbull Any community of practice that cannot Any community of practice that cannot
rely on facerely on face--toto--face meetings and face meetings and interaction as primary vehicle for interaction as primary vehicle for connecting members connecting members (Challenge of (Challenge of DistrDistr CommComm))
DefinitionsDefinitions
Community ComputingCommunity ComputingThe OldThe Oldbullbull Community networksFreeCommunity networksFree--Nets are ldquoloosely Nets are ldquoloosely
organized communityorganized community--base volunteerbase volunteer--managed managed electronic network serversrdquo that provide free electronic network serversrdquo that provide free dialdial--up access to the Internet and information up access to the Internet and information about the local community about the local community (Beamish)(Beamish)
bullbull Refers to public access centers online access Refers to public access centers online access and provision of information and provision of information (Beamish) (Beamish)
Definitions Evolved Definitions Evolved
Community ComputingCommunity Computingbullbull A process to serve the local A process to serve the local
geographical communitygeographical community--to respond to to respond to the needs of that community and build the needs of that community and build solutions to its problems Community solutions to its problems Community networking in the social sense is not a networking in the social sense is not a new concept but using electronic new concept but using electronic communications to extend and amplify communications to extend and amplify it certainly isrdquo it certainly isrdquo
~Mario ~Mario MorinoMorino
Definitions EvolvedDefinitions Evolved
Focus moving from FREE to community Focus moving from FREE to community information SERVER information SERVER (Beamish)(Beamish)
Focus community access to developmentFocus community access to developmentContent consumer Content consumer vsvs Content producer Content producer (Beamish)(Beamish)
bullbull Increasingly however technology activists Increasingly however technology activists stress the importance of nurturing individuals stress the importance of nurturing individuals and indigenous community organizations that and indigenous community organizations that already provide help and support in the already provide help and support in the community rather than trying to impose community rather than trying to impose technology from the outside technology from the outside (Benton)(Benton)
DefinitionsDefinitions
Community Technology Community Technology bullbull To give people of the community tools To give people of the community tools
to better their lives using technologyto better their lives using technology
Community Technology
Community ComputingCommunity Center
Community Service
Copyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
Ideas EvolvedIdeas Evolved
ldquowho controls the content (and) how ldquowho controls the content (and) how much control does the community much control does the community have on the electronic environment have on the electronic environment serving it serving it ((bentonbenton) Peter Miller (Community ) Peter Miller (Community
Technology Centers Network)Technology Centers Network)
Strategies for Strategies for CTCsCTCs
Technology ProvidedTechnology Providedbullbull Hardware Software TrainingHardware Software Trainingbullbull InfrastructureInfrastructurebullbull Online access Online access bullbull Relevant contentRelevant content
Target GroupTarget Groupbullbull IndividualsIndividualsbullbull General PublicGeneral Publicbullbull SchoolsSchoolsbullbull YouthYouthbullbull Community OrganizationsCommunity Organizationsbullbull Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic
GroupsNeighborhoods)GroupsNeighborhoods)
ExamplesExamples
of of
FacilitiesFacilities
Facilities for Facilities for CTCsCTCs
Large Public LibraryLarge Public LibraryCable Access CenterCable Access CenterStandStand--alone Community Centeralone Community CenterCyberCyber--CafeacutesCafeacutes
Type Type
and and
CategoryCategory
ExamplesExamples
TypesCategories for Virtual TypesCategories for Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
SupportInterest GroupsSupportInterest Groupsbullbull Sports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacialSports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacial
Information SharingInformation Sharingbullbull ForumsForumsbullbull MeetingsMeetings
CommunicationCommunicationbullbull EE--mailmailbullbull Chat roomsChat rooms
NetworkingNetworkingInformationInformationbullbull NewsNewsbullbull Health Health bullbull Financial Financial
ShoppingShopping
Benefits to Virtual CommunitiesBenefits to Virtual Communities
Increase job skills and access to Increase job skills and access to employment opportunityemployment opportunityImproved outlook on learning and Improved outlook on learning and educational goalseducational goalsTechnological Literacy to achieve Technological Literacy to achieve individual goalsindividual goalsNew skills and knowledgeNew skills and knowledgeIncrease civic participationIncrease civic participationSocial and Community connectionsSocial and Community connectionsNew connections across ethnic economic New connections across ethnic economic and generational categoriesand generational categories
Key ContributorsKey Contributors
CTCNetCTCNet-- Community Technology Center Community Technology Center Network (Network (httpwwwctcnetorghttpwwwctcnetorg))
bullbull Network of more than Network of more than 700 community 700 community technology centerstechnology centers
bullbull LowLow--income communities gain access to income communities gain access to computers and computercomputers and computer--related technology related technology such as the Internetsuch as the Internet
bullbull Mission to support community technology Mission to support community technology centers so that they can better serve their centers so that they can better serve their constituencies constituencies
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
CCTCCT-- Center for Children and Technology Center for Children and Technology ((httpwww2edcorgCCThttpwww2edcorgCCT))
bullbull Address issues in technology and learningAddress issues in technology and learningbullbull Research and development of learning with Research and development of learning with
technologytechnology
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
The Childrens Partnership The Childrens Partnership ((httpwwwhttpwwwchildrenspartnershipchildrenspartnershiporgorg))
bullbull Research advocacy for underservedResearch advocacy for underservedbullbull FirstFirst--ever report on how the digital age affects ever report on how the digital age affects
children and how to best advance their interests children and how to best advance their interests bullbull Worked to help develop online media for youthWorked to help develop online media for youthbullbull Equip parents and others as guides and advocates Equip parents and others as guides and advocates
for childrenfor childrenbullbull Working with 11 lowWorking with 11 low--income communities in California income communities in California
helping to build sustainable community technology helping to build sustainable community technology centerscenters
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
SRI International (SRI International (httpwwwsricompolicyctlhttpwwwsricompolicyctl))bullbull Mission is to transform research into Mission is to transform research into
application application bullbull How to effectively use technologies to support How to effectively use technologies to support
learning were considered to be so important learning were considered to be so important that the Center for Technology in Learning that the Center for Technology in Learning (CTL) was established(CTL) was established
NTIA NTIA -- National Telecommunications and National Telecommunications and Information AssociationInformation Association
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
HUD Networking HUD Networking ((httpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtmlhttpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtml))
bullbull Neighborhood Networks a communityNeighborhood Networks a community--based based program of the US Department of Housing program of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)and Urban Development (HUD)
bullbull In 1995 began with a few HUD community In 1995 began with a few HUD community technology centerstechnology centers
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
Benton Foundation (Benton Foundation (httpwwwbentonorghttpwwwbentonorg))
bullbull Social benefits in use of emerging Social benefits in use of emerging communications communications
bullbull Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital media to engage equip and connect people to media to engage equip and connect people to alleviate social ills alleviate social ills
bullbull Mission To articulate a public interest vision for Mission To articulate a public interest vision for the digital age and to demonstrate the value of the digital age and to demonstrate the value of communications for solving social problemscommunications for solving social problems
Key International ContributorsKey International Contributors
UNESCOUNESCOInternational Research Development International Research Development CenterCenterbullbull Acacia Acacia ndashndash AfricaAfricabullbull SomosSomos TelecentrosTelecentros ndashndash Latin AmericaLatin Americabullbull Pan Asia Networking Pan Asia Networking ndashndash AsiaAsia
International Telecommunications International Telecommunications Union Union
How do youHow do you
Build a Build a
Virtual Virtual
CommunityCommunity
Nine Design StrategiesNine Design Strategies
PurposePurposePlacesPlacesProfilesProfilesRolesRolesLeadershipLeadership
EtiquetteEtiquetteEventsEventsRitualsRitualsSubgroupsSubgroups
What are the building blocks
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Define and Articulate Your PurposeDefine and Articulate Your Purpose
Ask yourself these questionsAsk yourself these questions
bullbull What typeWhat type of community do I want to of community do I want to buildbuild
bullbull WhyWhy am I building itam I building it
bullbull WhoWho am I building it foram I building it for
Build Flexible Extensible Gathering Build Flexible Extensible Gathering PlacesPlaces
What do I need to look out forWhat do I need to look out for
bullbull Communication structureCommunication structure
bullbull Neighborhood layoutNeighborhood layout
bullbull Future growthFuture growth
Create Meaningful and Evolving Create Meaningful and Evolving Member ProfilesMember Profiles
Why do I need member profilesWhy do I need member profiles
bullbull Provide social contextProvide social context
bullbull Establish unique identitiesEstablish unique identities
bullbull Build trustBuild trust
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
The ProsThe Pros
Virtual Communities couldhellipVirtual Communities couldhelliphelp revive the community spirit in help revive the community spirit in AmericaAmericaincrease the level of civic increase the level of civic engagement which has been on a engagement which has been on a declinedeclinebind fragmented communities bind fragmented communities togethertogether
The ConsThe Cons
Virtual CommunitieshellipVirtual CommunitieshellipHas the potential to undermine Has the potential to undermine communitycommunityAllow for restriction of information Allow for restriction of information flow thus increasing community flow thus increasing community fragmentationfragmentationPromote more weak relationships Promote more weak relationships than strong onesthan strong ones
The QuestionThe Question
Do virtual communities contribute to the Do virtual communities contribute to the destruction of communitiesdestruction of communities
Do virtual communities build beneficial Do virtual communities build beneficial relationshiprelationshipbullbull Weak or strongWeak or strongbullbull Good or badGood or bad
Does it promote interactionDoes it promote interactionbullbull Is physical interaction necessary for Is physical interaction necessary for
communitycommunity
Community Technology MovementCommunity Technology Movement
Convergence of technologies and public Convergence of technologies and public policypolicybullbull Community Technology CentersCommunity Technology Centersbullbull Community Networking ProjectsCommunity Networking Projectsbullbull Community Cable TelevisionCommunity Cable Television
Community cable TV access centers Community cable TV access centers Broadened program and mission of public Broadened program and mission of public access to communications technologiesaccess to communications technologies
Community Technology BeginningCommunity Technology Beginning
OnOn--lineVirtual CommunitieslineVirtual Communitiesbullbull PTWPTW--Play to Win Play to Win
Program for prisoners to promote Program for prisoners to promote educational use of computers and offer educational use of computers and offer technical assistance to prisoners and technical assistance to prisoners and rehabilitation agenciesrehabilitation agenciesPlaying To Win opens the Harlem Playing To Win opens the Harlem Community Computing Center which Community Computing Center which provides the neighborhood with public provides the neighborhood with public access to personal computers access to personal computers
Community Technology EvolutionCommunity Technology Evolution
Community Technology CenterCommunity Technology Centerbullbull Digital opportunity and lifeDigital opportunity and life--long learning long learning
underserved communitiesunderserved communitiesbullbull AfterAfter--school homework assistance school homework assistance bullbull Computer access for children whose Computer access for children whose
families cant afford their own families cant afford their own bullbull Learning opportunitiesLearning opportunitiesbullbull Programs and services that help older Programs and services that help older
youth make important vocational youth make important vocational academic and career choices academic and career choices
Parallels between Parallels between
Cable and ComputingCable and Computing
Technological Technological
MovementsMovements
Lessons Learned from CableLessons Learned from Cable
Auxiliary service to Distinct mediumAuxiliary service to Distinct mediumAccess and industry collaborationAccess and industry collaborationDemonstrate potentialDemonstrate potentialAdvocacy OrganizationsAdvocacy OrganizationsPublic access is socially responsible mediumPublic access is socially responsible mediumPolitically SavvyPolitically SavvyFoundation supportFoundation support
Difference is the active participantDifference is the active participantAccess Access Skills Skills Social ChangeSocial Change
Community Technology TerminologyCommunity Technology Terminology
Distributed Distributed vsvs Local CommunitiesLocal CommunitiesCybergroupiesCybergroupies vsvs Local Groupies Local Groupies GlocalizationGlocalization vsvs GlobalizationGlobalizationCommunity Centers Community Centers vsvs CTCsCTCsCommunity ComputingCommunity Community ComputingCommunity Networks Networks Virtual CommunitiesOnVirtual CommunitiesOn--line line CommunitiesCommunities
DefinitionsDefinitions
Distributed CommunityDistributed Communitybullbull Any community of practice that cannot Any community of practice that cannot
rely on facerely on face--toto--face meetings and face meetings and interaction as primary vehicle for interaction as primary vehicle for connecting members connecting members (Challenge of (Challenge of DistrDistr CommComm))
DefinitionsDefinitions
Community ComputingCommunity ComputingThe OldThe Oldbullbull Community networksFreeCommunity networksFree--Nets are ldquoloosely Nets are ldquoloosely
organized communityorganized community--base volunteerbase volunteer--managed managed electronic network serversrdquo that provide free electronic network serversrdquo that provide free dialdial--up access to the Internet and information up access to the Internet and information about the local community about the local community (Beamish)(Beamish)
bullbull Refers to public access centers online access Refers to public access centers online access and provision of information and provision of information (Beamish) (Beamish)
Definitions Evolved Definitions Evolved
Community ComputingCommunity Computingbullbull A process to serve the local A process to serve the local
geographical communitygeographical community--to respond to to respond to the needs of that community and build the needs of that community and build solutions to its problems Community solutions to its problems Community networking in the social sense is not a networking in the social sense is not a new concept but using electronic new concept but using electronic communications to extend and amplify communications to extend and amplify it certainly isrdquo it certainly isrdquo
~Mario ~Mario MorinoMorino
Definitions EvolvedDefinitions Evolved
Focus moving from FREE to community Focus moving from FREE to community information SERVER information SERVER (Beamish)(Beamish)
Focus community access to developmentFocus community access to developmentContent consumer Content consumer vsvs Content producer Content producer (Beamish)(Beamish)
bullbull Increasingly however technology activists Increasingly however technology activists stress the importance of nurturing individuals stress the importance of nurturing individuals and indigenous community organizations that and indigenous community organizations that already provide help and support in the already provide help and support in the community rather than trying to impose community rather than trying to impose technology from the outside technology from the outside (Benton)(Benton)
DefinitionsDefinitions
Community Technology Community Technology bullbull To give people of the community tools To give people of the community tools
to better their lives using technologyto better their lives using technology
Community Technology
Community ComputingCommunity Center
Community Service
Copyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
Ideas EvolvedIdeas Evolved
ldquowho controls the content (and) how ldquowho controls the content (and) how much control does the community much control does the community have on the electronic environment have on the electronic environment serving it serving it ((bentonbenton) Peter Miller (Community ) Peter Miller (Community
Technology Centers Network)Technology Centers Network)
Strategies for Strategies for CTCsCTCs
Technology ProvidedTechnology Providedbullbull Hardware Software TrainingHardware Software Trainingbullbull InfrastructureInfrastructurebullbull Online access Online access bullbull Relevant contentRelevant content
Target GroupTarget Groupbullbull IndividualsIndividualsbullbull General PublicGeneral Publicbullbull SchoolsSchoolsbullbull YouthYouthbullbull Community OrganizationsCommunity Organizationsbullbull Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic
GroupsNeighborhoods)GroupsNeighborhoods)
ExamplesExamples
of of
FacilitiesFacilities
Facilities for Facilities for CTCsCTCs
Large Public LibraryLarge Public LibraryCable Access CenterCable Access CenterStandStand--alone Community Centeralone Community CenterCyberCyber--CafeacutesCafeacutes
Type Type
and and
CategoryCategory
ExamplesExamples
TypesCategories for Virtual TypesCategories for Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
SupportInterest GroupsSupportInterest Groupsbullbull Sports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacialSports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacial
Information SharingInformation Sharingbullbull ForumsForumsbullbull MeetingsMeetings
CommunicationCommunicationbullbull EE--mailmailbullbull Chat roomsChat rooms
NetworkingNetworkingInformationInformationbullbull NewsNewsbullbull Health Health bullbull Financial Financial
ShoppingShopping
Benefits to Virtual CommunitiesBenefits to Virtual Communities
Increase job skills and access to Increase job skills and access to employment opportunityemployment opportunityImproved outlook on learning and Improved outlook on learning and educational goalseducational goalsTechnological Literacy to achieve Technological Literacy to achieve individual goalsindividual goalsNew skills and knowledgeNew skills and knowledgeIncrease civic participationIncrease civic participationSocial and Community connectionsSocial and Community connectionsNew connections across ethnic economic New connections across ethnic economic and generational categoriesand generational categories
Key ContributorsKey Contributors
CTCNetCTCNet-- Community Technology Center Community Technology Center Network (Network (httpwwwctcnetorghttpwwwctcnetorg))
bullbull Network of more than Network of more than 700 community 700 community technology centerstechnology centers
bullbull LowLow--income communities gain access to income communities gain access to computers and computercomputers and computer--related technology related technology such as the Internetsuch as the Internet
bullbull Mission to support community technology Mission to support community technology centers so that they can better serve their centers so that they can better serve their constituencies constituencies
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
CCTCCT-- Center for Children and Technology Center for Children and Technology ((httpwww2edcorgCCThttpwww2edcorgCCT))
bullbull Address issues in technology and learningAddress issues in technology and learningbullbull Research and development of learning with Research and development of learning with
technologytechnology
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
The Childrens Partnership The Childrens Partnership ((httpwwwhttpwwwchildrenspartnershipchildrenspartnershiporgorg))
bullbull Research advocacy for underservedResearch advocacy for underservedbullbull FirstFirst--ever report on how the digital age affects ever report on how the digital age affects
children and how to best advance their interests children and how to best advance their interests bullbull Worked to help develop online media for youthWorked to help develop online media for youthbullbull Equip parents and others as guides and advocates Equip parents and others as guides and advocates
for childrenfor childrenbullbull Working with 11 lowWorking with 11 low--income communities in California income communities in California
helping to build sustainable community technology helping to build sustainable community technology centerscenters
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
SRI International (SRI International (httpwwwsricompolicyctlhttpwwwsricompolicyctl))bullbull Mission is to transform research into Mission is to transform research into
application application bullbull How to effectively use technologies to support How to effectively use technologies to support
learning were considered to be so important learning were considered to be so important that the Center for Technology in Learning that the Center for Technology in Learning (CTL) was established(CTL) was established
NTIA NTIA -- National Telecommunications and National Telecommunications and Information AssociationInformation Association
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
HUD Networking HUD Networking ((httpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtmlhttpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtml))
bullbull Neighborhood Networks a communityNeighborhood Networks a community--based based program of the US Department of Housing program of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)and Urban Development (HUD)
bullbull In 1995 began with a few HUD community In 1995 began with a few HUD community technology centerstechnology centers
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
Benton Foundation (Benton Foundation (httpwwwbentonorghttpwwwbentonorg))
bullbull Social benefits in use of emerging Social benefits in use of emerging communications communications
bullbull Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital media to engage equip and connect people to media to engage equip and connect people to alleviate social ills alleviate social ills
bullbull Mission To articulate a public interest vision for Mission To articulate a public interest vision for the digital age and to demonstrate the value of the digital age and to demonstrate the value of communications for solving social problemscommunications for solving social problems
Key International ContributorsKey International Contributors
UNESCOUNESCOInternational Research Development International Research Development CenterCenterbullbull Acacia Acacia ndashndash AfricaAfricabullbull SomosSomos TelecentrosTelecentros ndashndash Latin AmericaLatin Americabullbull Pan Asia Networking Pan Asia Networking ndashndash AsiaAsia
International Telecommunications International Telecommunications Union Union
How do youHow do you
Build a Build a
Virtual Virtual
CommunityCommunity
Nine Design StrategiesNine Design Strategies
PurposePurposePlacesPlacesProfilesProfilesRolesRolesLeadershipLeadership
EtiquetteEtiquetteEventsEventsRitualsRitualsSubgroupsSubgroups
What are the building blocks
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Define and Articulate Your PurposeDefine and Articulate Your Purpose
Ask yourself these questionsAsk yourself these questions
bullbull What typeWhat type of community do I want to of community do I want to buildbuild
bullbull WhyWhy am I building itam I building it
bullbull WhoWho am I building it foram I building it for
Build Flexible Extensible Gathering Build Flexible Extensible Gathering PlacesPlaces
What do I need to look out forWhat do I need to look out for
bullbull Communication structureCommunication structure
bullbull Neighborhood layoutNeighborhood layout
bullbull Future growthFuture growth
Create Meaningful and Evolving Create Meaningful and Evolving Member ProfilesMember Profiles
Why do I need member profilesWhy do I need member profiles
bullbull Provide social contextProvide social context
bullbull Establish unique identitiesEstablish unique identities
bullbull Build trustBuild trust
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
The ConsThe Cons
Virtual CommunitieshellipVirtual CommunitieshellipHas the potential to undermine Has the potential to undermine communitycommunityAllow for restriction of information Allow for restriction of information flow thus increasing community flow thus increasing community fragmentationfragmentationPromote more weak relationships Promote more weak relationships than strong onesthan strong ones
The QuestionThe Question
Do virtual communities contribute to the Do virtual communities contribute to the destruction of communitiesdestruction of communities
Do virtual communities build beneficial Do virtual communities build beneficial relationshiprelationshipbullbull Weak or strongWeak or strongbullbull Good or badGood or bad
Does it promote interactionDoes it promote interactionbullbull Is physical interaction necessary for Is physical interaction necessary for
communitycommunity
Community Technology MovementCommunity Technology Movement
Convergence of technologies and public Convergence of technologies and public policypolicybullbull Community Technology CentersCommunity Technology Centersbullbull Community Networking ProjectsCommunity Networking Projectsbullbull Community Cable TelevisionCommunity Cable Television
Community cable TV access centers Community cable TV access centers Broadened program and mission of public Broadened program and mission of public access to communications technologiesaccess to communications technologies
Community Technology BeginningCommunity Technology Beginning
OnOn--lineVirtual CommunitieslineVirtual Communitiesbullbull PTWPTW--Play to Win Play to Win
Program for prisoners to promote Program for prisoners to promote educational use of computers and offer educational use of computers and offer technical assistance to prisoners and technical assistance to prisoners and rehabilitation agenciesrehabilitation agenciesPlaying To Win opens the Harlem Playing To Win opens the Harlem Community Computing Center which Community Computing Center which provides the neighborhood with public provides the neighborhood with public access to personal computers access to personal computers
Community Technology EvolutionCommunity Technology Evolution
Community Technology CenterCommunity Technology Centerbullbull Digital opportunity and lifeDigital opportunity and life--long learning long learning
underserved communitiesunderserved communitiesbullbull AfterAfter--school homework assistance school homework assistance bullbull Computer access for children whose Computer access for children whose
families cant afford their own families cant afford their own bullbull Learning opportunitiesLearning opportunitiesbullbull Programs and services that help older Programs and services that help older
youth make important vocational youth make important vocational academic and career choices academic and career choices
Parallels between Parallels between
Cable and ComputingCable and Computing
Technological Technological
MovementsMovements
Lessons Learned from CableLessons Learned from Cable
Auxiliary service to Distinct mediumAuxiliary service to Distinct mediumAccess and industry collaborationAccess and industry collaborationDemonstrate potentialDemonstrate potentialAdvocacy OrganizationsAdvocacy OrganizationsPublic access is socially responsible mediumPublic access is socially responsible mediumPolitically SavvyPolitically SavvyFoundation supportFoundation support
Difference is the active participantDifference is the active participantAccess Access Skills Skills Social ChangeSocial Change
Community Technology TerminologyCommunity Technology Terminology
Distributed Distributed vsvs Local CommunitiesLocal CommunitiesCybergroupiesCybergroupies vsvs Local Groupies Local Groupies GlocalizationGlocalization vsvs GlobalizationGlobalizationCommunity Centers Community Centers vsvs CTCsCTCsCommunity ComputingCommunity Community ComputingCommunity Networks Networks Virtual CommunitiesOnVirtual CommunitiesOn--line line CommunitiesCommunities
DefinitionsDefinitions
Distributed CommunityDistributed Communitybullbull Any community of practice that cannot Any community of practice that cannot
rely on facerely on face--toto--face meetings and face meetings and interaction as primary vehicle for interaction as primary vehicle for connecting members connecting members (Challenge of (Challenge of DistrDistr CommComm))
DefinitionsDefinitions
Community ComputingCommunity ComputingThe OldThe Oldbullbull Community networksFreeCommunity networksFree--Nets are ldquoloosely Nets are ldquoloosely
organized communityorganized community--base volunteerbase volunteer--managed managed electronic network serversrdquo that provide free electronic network serversrdquo that provide free dialdial--up access to the Internet and information up access to the Internet and information about the local community about the local community (Beamish)(Beamish)
bullbull Refers to public access centers online access Refers to public access centers online access and provision of information and provision of information (Beamish) (Beamish)
Definitions Evolved Definitions Evolved
Community ComputingCommunity Computingbullbull A process to serve the local A process to serve the local
geographical communitygeographical community--to respond to to respond to the needs of that community and build the needs of that community and build solutions to its problems Community solutions to its problems Community networking in the social sense is not a networking in the social sense is not a new concept but using electronic new concept but using electronic communications to extend and amplify communications to extend and amplify it certainly isrdquo it certainly isrdquo
~Mario ~Mario MorinoMorino
Definitions EvolvedDefinitions Evolved
Focus moving from FREE to community Focus moving from FREE to community information SERVER information SERVER (Beamish)(Beamish)
Focus community access to developmentFocus community access to developmentContent consumer Content consumer vsvs Content producer Content producer (Beamish)(Beamish)
bullbull Increasingly however technology activists Increasingly however technology activists stress the importance of nurturing individuals stress the importance of nurturing individuals and indigenous community organizations that and indigenous community organizations that already provide help and support in the already provide help and support in the community rather than trying to impose community rather than trying to impose technology from the outside technology from the outside (Benton)(Benton)
DefinitionsDefinitions
Community Technology Community Technology bullbull To give people of the community tools To give people of the community tools
to better their lives using technologyto better their lives using technology
Community Technology
Community ComputingCommunity Center
Community Service
Copyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
Ideas EvolvedIdeas Evolved
ldquowho controls the content (and) how ldquowho controls the content (and) how much control does the community much control does the community have on the electronic environment have on the electronic environment serving it serving it ((bentonbenton) Peter Miller (Community ) Peter Miller (Community
Technology Centers Network)Technology Centers Network)
Strategies for Strategies for CTCsCTCs
Technology ProvidedTechnology Providedbullbull Hardware Software TrainingHardware Software Trainingbullbull InfrastructureInfrastructurebullbull Online access Online access bullbull Relevant contentRelevant content
Target GroupTarget Groupbullbull IndividualsIndividualsbullbull General PublicGeneral Publicbullbull SchoolsSchoolsbullbull YouthYouthbullbull Community OrganizationsCommunity Organizationsbullbull Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic
GroupsNeighborhoods)GroupsNeighborhoods)
ExamplesExamples
of of
FacilitiesFacilities
Facilities for Facilities for CTCsCTCs
Large Public LibraryLarge Public LibraryCable Access CenterCable Access CenterStandStand--alone Community Centeralone Community CenterCyberCyber--CafeacutesCafeacutes
Type Type
and and
CategoryCategory
ExamplesExamples
TypesCategories for Virtual TypesCategories for Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
SupportInterest GroupsSupportInterest Groupsbullbull Sports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacialSports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacial
Information SharingInformation Sharingbullbull ForumsForumsbullbull MeetingsMeetings
CommunicationCommunicationbullbull EE--mailmailbullbull Chat roomsChat rooms
NetworkingNetworkingInformationInformationbullbull NewsNewsbullbull Health Health bullbull Financial Financial
ShoppingShopping
Benefits to Virtual CommunitiesBenefits to Virtual Communities
Increase job skills and access to Increase job skills and access to employment opportunityemployment opportunityImproved outlook on learning and Improved outlook on learning and educational goalseducational goalsTechnological Literacy to achieve Technological Literacy to achieve individual goalsindividual goalsNew skills and knowledgeNew skills and knowledgeIncrease civic participationIncrease civic participationSocial and Community connectionsSocial and Community connectionsNew connections across ethnic economic New connections across ethnic economic and generational categoriesand generational categories
Key ContributorsKey Contributors
CTCNetCTCNet-- Community Technology Center Community Technology Center Network (Network (httpwwwctcnetorghttpwwwctcnetorg))
bullbull Network of more than Network of more than 700 community 700 community technology centerstechnology centers
bullbull LowLow--income communities gain access to income communities gain access to computers and computercomputers and computer--related technology related technology such as the Internetsuch as the Internet
bullbull Mission to support community technology Mission to support community technology centers so that they can better serve their centers so that they can better serve their constituencies constituencies
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
CCTCCT-- Center for Children and Technology Center for Children and Technology ((httpwww2edcorgCCThttpwww2edcorgCCT))
bullbull Address issues in technology and learningAddress issues in technology and learningbullbull Research and development of learning with Research and development of learning with
technologytechnology
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
The Childrens Partnership The Childrens Partnership ((httpwwwhttpwwwchildrenspartnershipchildrenspartnershiporgorg))
bullbull Research advocacy for underservedResearch advocacy for underservedbullbull FirstFirst--ever report on how the digital age affects ever report on how the digital age affects
children and how to best advance their interests children and how to best advance their interests bullbull Worked to help develop online media for youthWorked to help develop online media for youthbullbull Equip parents and others as guides and advocates Equip parents and others as guides and advocates
for childrenfor childrenbullbull Working with 11 lowWorking with 11 low--income communities in California income communities in California
helping to build sustainable community technology helping to build sustainable community technology centerscenters
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
SRI International (SRI International (httpwwwsricompolicyctlhttpwwwsricompolicyctl))bullbull Mission is to transform research into Mission is to transform research into
application application bullbull How to effectively use technologies to support How to effectively use technologies to support
learning were considered to be so important learning were considered to be so important that the Center for Technology in Learning that the Center for Technology in Learning (CTL) was established(CTL) was established
NTIA NTIA -- National Telecommunications and National Telecommunications and Information AssociationInformation Association
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
HUD Networking HUD Networking ((httpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtmlhttpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtml))
bullbull Neighborhood Networks a communityNeighborhood Networks a community--based based program of the US Department of Housing program of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)and Urban Development (HUD)
bullbull In 1995 began with a few HUD community In 1995 began with a few HUD community technology centerstechnology centers
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
Benton Foundation (Benton Foundation (httpwwwbentonorghttpwwwbentonorg))
bullbull Social benefits in use of emerging Social benefits in use of emerging communications communications
bullbull Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital media to engage equip and connect people to media to engage equip and connect people to alleviate social ills alleviate social ills
bullbull Mission To articulate a public interest vision for Mission To articulate a public interest vision for the digital age and to demonstrate the value of the digital age and to demonstrate the value of communications for solving social problemscommunications for solving social problems
Key International ContributorsKey International Contributors
UNESCOUNESCOInternational Research Development International Research Development CenterCenterbullbull Acacia Acacia ndashndash AfricaAfricabullbull SomosSomos TelecentrosTelecentros ndashndash Latin AmericaLatin Americabullbull Pan Asia Networking Pan Asia Networking ndashndash AsiaAsia
International Telecommunications International Telecommunications Union Union
How do youHow do you
Build a Build a
Virtual Virtual
CommunityCommunity
Nine Design StrategiesNine Design Strategies
PurposePurposePlacesPlacesProfilesProfilesRolesRolesLeadershipLeadership
EtiquetteEtiquetteEventsEventsRitualsRitualsSubgroupsSubgroups
What are the building blocks
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Define and Articulate Your PurposeDefine and Articulate Your Purpose
Ask yourself these questionsAsk yourself these questions
bullbull What typeWhat type of community do I want to of community do I want to buildbuild
bullbull WhyWhy am I building itam I building it
bullbull WhoWho am I building it foram I building it for
Build Flexible Extensible Gathering Build Flexible Extensible Gathering PlacesPlaces
What do I need to look out forWhat do I need to look out for
bullbull Communication structureCommunication structure
bullbull Neighborhood layoutNeighborhood layout
bullbull Future growthFuture growth
Create Meaningful and Evolving Create Meaningful and Evolving Member ProfilesMember Profiles
Why do I need member profilesWhy do I need member profiles
bullbull Provide social contextProvide social context
bullbull Establish unique identitiesEstablish unique identities
bullbull Build trustBuild trust
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
The QuestionThe Question
Do virtual communities contribute to the Do virtual communities contribute to the destruction of communitiesdestruction of communities
Do virtual communities build beneficial Do virtual communities build beneficial relationshiprelationshipbullbull Weak or strongWeak or strongbullbull Good or badGood or bad
Does it promote interactionDoes it promote interactionbullbull Is physical interaction necessary for Is physical interaction necessary for
communitycommunity
Community Technology MovementCommunity Technology Movement
Convergence of technologies and public Convergence of technologies and public policypolicybullbull Community Technology CentersCommunity Technology Centersbullbull Community Networking ProjectsCommunity Networking Projectsbullbull Community Cable TelevisionCommunity Cable Television
Community cable TV access centers Community cable TV access centers Broadened program and mission of public Broadened program and mission of public access to communications technologiesaccess to communications technologies
Community Technology BeginningCommunity Technology Beginning
OnOn--lineVirtual CommunitieslineVirtual Communitiesbullbull PTWPTW--Play to Win Play to Win
Program for prisoners to promote Program for prisoners to promote educational use of computers and offer educational use of computers and offer technical assistance to prisoners and technical assistance to prisoners and rehabilitation agenciesrehabilitation agenciesPlaying To Win opens the Harlem Playing To Win opens the Harlem Community Computing Center which Community Computing Center which provides the neighborhood with public provides the neighborhood with public access to personal computers access to personal computers
Community Technology EvolutionCommunity Technology Evolution
Community Technology CenterCommunity Technology Centerbullbull Digital opportunity and lifeDigital opportunity and life--long learning long learning
underserved communitiesunderserved communitiesbullbull AfterAfter--school homework assistance school homework assistance bullbull Computer access for children whose Computer access for children whose
families cant afford their own families cant afford their own bullbull Learning opportunitiesLearning opportunitiesbullbull Programs and services that help older Programs and services that help older
youth make important vocational youth make important vocational academic and career choices academic and career choices
Parallels between Parallels between
Cable and ComputingCable and Computing
Technological Technological
MovementsMovements
Lessons Learned from CableLessons Learned from Cable
Auxiliary service to Distinct mediumAuxiliary service to Distinct mediumAccess and industry collaborationAccess and industry collaborationDemonstrate potentialDemonstrate potentialAdvocacy OrganizationsAdvocacy OrganizationsPublic access is socially responsible mediumPublic access is socially responsible mediumPolitically SavvyPolitically SavvyFoundation supportFoundation support
Difference is the active participantDifference is the active participantAccess Access Skills Skills Social ChangeSocial Change
Community Technology TerminologyCommunity Technology Terminology
Distributed Distributed vsvs Local CommunitiesLocal CommunitiesCybergroupiesCybergroupies vsvs Local Groupies Local Groupies GlocalizationGlocalization vsvs GlobalizationGlobalizationCommunity Centers Community Centers vsvs CTCsCTCsCommunity ComputingCommunity Community ComputingCommunity Networks Networks Virtual CommunitiesOnVirtual CommunitiesOn--line line CommunitiesCommunities
DefinitionsDefinitions
Distributed CommunityDistributed Communitybullbull Any community of practice that cannot Any community of practice that cannot
rely on facerely on face--toto--face meetings and face meetings and interaction as primary vehicle for interaction as primary vehicle for connecting members connecting members (Challenge of (Challenge of DistrDistr CommComm))
DefinitionsDefinitions
Community ComputingCommunity ComputingThe OldThe Oldbullbull Community networksFreeCommunity networksFree--Nets are ldquoloosely Nets are ldquoloosely
organized communityorganized community--base volunteerbase volunteer--managed managed electronic network serversrdquo that provide free electronic network serversrdquo that provide free dialdial--up access to the Internet and information up access to the Internet and information about the local community about the local community (Beamish)(Beamish)
bullbull Refers to public access centers online access Refers to public access centers online access and provision of information and provision of information (Beamish) (Beamish)
Definitions Evolved Definitions Evolved
Community ComputingCommunity Computingbullbull A process to serve the local A process to serve the local
geographical communitygeographical community--to respond to to respond to the needs of that community and build the needs of that community and build solutions to its problems Community solutions to its problems Community networking in the social sense is not a networking in the social sense is not a new concept but using electronic new concept but using electronic communications to extend and amplify communications to extend and amplify it certainly isrdquo it certainly isrdquo
~Mario ~Mario MorinoMorino
Definitions EvolvedDefinitions Evolved
Focus moving from FREE to community Focus moving from FREE to community information SERVER information SERVER (Beamish)(Beamish)
Focus community access to developmentFocus community access to developmentContent consumer Content consumer vsvs Content producer Content producer (Beamish)(Beamish)
bullbull Increasingly however technology activists Increasingly however technology activists stress the importance of nurturing individuals stress the importance of nurturing individuals and indigenous community organizations that and indigenous community organizations that already provide help and support in the already provide help and support in the community rather than trying to impose community rather than trying to impose technology from the outside technology from the outside (Benton)(Benton)
DefinitionsDefinitions
Community Technology Community Technology bullbull To give people of the community tools To give people of the community tools
to better their lives using technologyto better their lives using technology
Community Technology
Community ComputingCommunity Center
Community Service
Copyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
Ideas EvolvedIdeas Evolved
ldquowho controls the content (and) how ldquowho controls the content (and) how much control does the community much control does the community have on the electronic environment have on the electronic environment serving it serving it ((bentonbenton) Peter Miller (Community ) Peter Miller (Community
Technology Centers Network)Technology Centers Network)
Strategies for Strategies for CTCsCTCs
Technology ProvidedTechnology Providedbullbull Hardware Software TrainingHardware Software Trainingbullbull InfrastructureInfrastructurebullbull Online access Online access bullbull Relevant contentRelevant content
Target GroupTarget Groupbullbull IndividualsIndividualsbullbull General PublicGeneral Publicbullbull SchoolsSchoolsbullbull YouthYouthbullbull Community OrganizationsCommunity Organizationsbullbull Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic
GroupsNeighborhoods)GroupsNeighborhoods)
ExamplesExamples
of of
FacilitiesFacilities
Facilities for Facilities for CTCsCTCs
Large Public LibraryLarge Public LibraryCable Access CenterCable Access CenterStandStand--alone Community Centeralone Community CenterCyberCyber--CafeacutesCafeacutes
Type Type
and and
CategoryCategory
ExamplesExamples
TypesCategories for Virtual TypesCategories for Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
SupportInterest GroupsSupportInterest Groupsbullbull Sports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacialSports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacial
Information SharingInformation Sharingbullbull ForumsForumsbullbull MeetingsMeetings
CommunicationCommunicationbullbull EE--mailmailbullbull Chat roomsChat rooms
NetworkingNetworkingInformationInformationbullbull NewsNewsbullbull Health Health bullbull Financial Financial
ShoppingShopping
Benefits to Virtual CommunitiesBenefits to Virtual Communities
Increase job skills and access to Increase job skills and access to employment opportunityemployment opportunityImproved outlook on learning and Improved outlook on learning and educational goalseducational goalsTechnological Literacy to achieve Technological Literacy to achieve individual goalsindividual goalsNew skills and knowledgeNew skills and knowledgeIncrease civic participationIncrease civic participationSocial and Community connectionsSocial and Community connectionsNew connections across ethnic economic New connections across ethnic economic and generational categoriesand generational categories
Key ContributorsKey Contributors
CTCNetCTCNet-- Community Technology Center Community Technology Center Network (Network (httpwwwctcnetorghttpwwwctcnetorg))
bullbull Network of more than Network of more than 700 community 700 community technology centerstechnology centers
bullbull LowLow--income communities gain access to income communities gain access to computers and computercomputers and computer--related technology related technology such as the Internetsuch as the Internet
bullbull Mission to support community technology Mission to support community technology centers so that they can better serve their centers so that they can better serve their constituencies constituencies
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
CCTCCT-- Center for Children and Technology Center for Children and Technology ((httpwww2edcorgCCThttpwww2edcorgCCT))
bullbull Address issues in technology and learningAddress issues in technology and learningbullbull Research and development of learning with Research and development of learning with
technologytechnology
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
The Childrens Partnership The Childrens Partnership ((httpwwwhttpwwwchildrenspartnershipchildrenspartnershiporgorg))
bullbull Research advocacy for underservedResearch advocacy for underservedbullbull FirstFirst--ever report on how the digital age affects ever report on how the digital age affects
children and how to best advance their interests children and how to best advance their interests bullbull Worked to help develop online media for youthWorked to help develop online media for youthbullbull Equip parents and others as guides and advocates Equip parents and others as guides and advocates
for childrenfor childrenbullbull Working with 11 lowWorking with 11 low--income communities in California income communities in California
helping to build sustainable community technology helping to build sustainable community technology centerscenters
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
SRI International (SRI International (httpwwwsricompolicyctlhttpwwwsricompolicyctl))bullbull Mission is to transform research into Mission is to transform research into
application application bullbull How to effectively use technologies to support How to effectively use technologies to support
learning were considered to be so important learning were considered to be so important that the Center for Technology in Learning that the Center for Technology in Learning (CTL) was established(CTL) was established
NTIA NTIA -- National Telecommunications and National Telecommunications and Information AssociationInformation Association
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
HUD Networking HUD Networking ((httpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtmlhttpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtml))
bullbull Neighborhood Networks a communityNeighborhood Networks a community--based based program of the US Department of Housing program of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)and Urban Development (HUD)
bullbull In 1995 began with a few HUD community In 1995 began with a few HUD community technology centerstechnology centers
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
Benton Foundation (Benton Foundation (httpwwwbentonorghttpwwwbentonorg))
bullbull Social benefits in use of emerging Social benefits in use of emerging communications communications
bullbull Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital media to engage equip and connect people to media to engage equip and connect people to alleviate social ills alleviate social ills
bullbull Mission To articulate a public interest vision for Mission To articulate a public interest vision for the digital age and to demonstrate the value of the digital age and to demonstrate the value of communications for solving social problemscommunications for solving social problems
Key International ContributorsKey International Contributors
UNESCOUNESCOInternational Research Development International Research Development CenterCenterbullbull Acacia Acacia ndashndash AfricaAfricabullbull SomosSomos TelecentrosTelecentros ndashndash Latin AmericaLatin Americabullbull Pan Asia Networking Pan Asia Networking ndashndash AsiaAsia
International Telecommunications International Telecommunications Union Union
How do youHow do you
Build a Build a
Virtual Virtual
CommunityCommunity
Nine Design StrategiesNine Design Strategies
PurposePurposePlacesPlacesProfilesProfilesRolesRolesLeadershipLeadership
EtiquetteEtiquetteEventsEventsRitualsRitualsSubgroupsSubgroups
What are the building blocks
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Define and Articulate Your PurposeDefine and Articulate Your Purpose
Ask yourself these questionsAsk yourself these questions
bullbull What typeWhat type of community do I want to of community do I want to buildbuild
bullbull WhyWhy am I building itam I building it
bullbull WhoWho am I building it foram I building it for
Build Flexible Extensible Gathering Build Flexible Extensible Gathering PlacesPlaces
What do I need to look out forWhat do I need to look out for
bullbull Communication structureCommunication structure
bullbull Neighborhood layoutNeighborhood layout
bullbull Future growthFuture growth
Create Meaningful and Evolving Create Meaningful and Evolving Member ProfilesMember Profiles
Why do I need member profilesWhy do I need member profiles
bullbull Provide social contextProvide social context
bullbull Establish unique identitiesEstablish unique identities
bullbull Build trustBuild trust
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Community Technology MovementCommunity Technology Movement
Convergence of technologies and public Convergence of technologies and public policypolicybullbull Community Technology CentersCommunity Technology Centersbullbull Community Networking ProjectsCommunity Networking Projectsbullbull Community Cable TelevisionCommunity Cable Television
Community cable TV access centers Community cable TV access centers Broadened program and mission of public Broadened program and mission of public access to communications technologiesaccess to communications technologies
Community Technology BeginningCommunity Technology Beginning
OnOn--lineVirtual CommunitieslineVirtual Communitiesbullbull PTWPTW--Play to Win Play to Win
Program for prisoners to promote Program for prisoners to promote educational use of computers and offer educational use of computers and offer technical assistance to prisoners and technical assistance to prisoners and rehabilitation agenciesrehabilitation agenciesPlaying To Win opens the Harlem Playing To Win opens the Harlem Community Computing Center which Community Computing Center which provides the neighborhood with public provides the neighborhood with public access to personal computers access to personal computers
Community Technology EvolutionCommunity Technology Evolution
Community Technology CenterCommunity Technology Centerbullbull Digital opportunity and lifeDigital opportunity and life--long learning long learning
underserved communitiesunderserved communitiesbullbull AfterAfter--school homework assistance school homework assistance bullbull Computer access for children whose Computer access for children whose
families cant afford their own families cant afford their own bullbull Learning opportunitiesLearning opportunitiesbullbull Programs and services that help older Programs and services that help older
youth make important vocational youth make important vocational academic and career choices academic and career choices
Parallels between Parallels between
Cable and ComputingCable and Computing
Technological Technological
MovementsMovements
Lessons Learned from CableLessons Learned from Cable
Auxiliary service to Distinct mediumAuxiliary service to Distinct mediumAccess and industry collaborationAccess and industry collaborationDemonstrate potentialDemonstrate potentialAdvocacy OrganizationsAdvocacy OrganizationsPublic access is socially responsible mediumPublic access is socially responsible mediumPolitically SavvyPolitically SavvyFoundation supportFoundation support
Difference is the active participantDifference is the active participantAccess Access Skills Skills Social ChangeSocial Change
Community Technology TerminologyCommunity Technology Terminology
Distributed Distributed vsvs Local CommunitiesLocal CommunitiesCybergroupiesCybergroupies vsvs Local Groupies Local Groupies GlocalizationGlocalization vsvs GlobalizationGlobalizationCommunity Centers Community Centers vsvs CTCsCTCsCommunity ComputingCommunity Community ComputingCommunity Networks Networks Virtual CommunitiesOnVirtual CommunitiesOn--line line CommunitiesCommunities
DefinitionsDefinitions
Distributed CommunityDistributed Communitybullbull Any community of practice that cannot Any community of practice that cannot
rely on facerely on face--toto--face meetings and face meetings and interaction as primary vehicle for interaction as primary vehicle for connecting members connecting members (Challenge of (Challenge of DistrDistr CommComm))
DefinitionsDefinitions
Community ComputingCommunity ComputingThe OldThe Oldbullbull Community networksFreeCommunity networksFree--Nets are ldquoloosely Nets are ldquoloosely
organized communityorganized community--base volunteerbase volunteer--managed managed electronic network serversrdquo that provide free electronic network serversrdquo that provide free dialdial--up access to the Internet and information up access to the Internet and information about the local community about the local community (Beamish)(Beamish)
bullbull Refers to public access centers online access Refers to public access centers online access and provision of information and provision of information (Beamish) (Beamish)
Definitions Evolved Definitions Evolved
Community ComputingCommunity Computingbullbull A process to serve the local A process to serve the local
geographical communitygeographical community--to respond to to respond to the needs of that community and build the needs of that community and build solutions to its problems Community solutions to its problems Community networking in the social sense is not a networking in the social sense is not a new concept but using electronic new concept but using electronic communications to extend and amplify communications to extend and amplify it certainly isrdquo it certainly isrdquo
~Mario ~Mario MorinoMorino
Definitions EvolvedDefinitions Evolved
Focus moving from FREE to community Focus moving from FREE to community information SERVER information SERVER (Beamish)(Beamish)
Focus community access to developmentFocus community access to developmentContent consumer Content consumer vsvs Content producer Content producer (Beamish)(Beamish)
bullbull Increasingly however technology activists Increasingly however technology activists stress the importance of nurturing individuals stress the importance of nurturing individuals and indigenous community organizations that and indigenous community organizations that already provide help and support in the already provide help and support in the community rather than trying to impose community rather than trying to impose technology from the outside technology from the outside (Benton)(Benton)
DefinitionsDefinitions
Community Technology Community Technology bullbull To give people of the community tools To give people of the community tools
to better their lives using technologyto better their lives using technology
Community Technology
Community ComputingCommunity Center
Community Service
Copyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
Ideas EvolvedIdeas Evolved
ldquowho controls the content (and) how ldquowho controls the content (and) how much control does the community much control does the community have on the electronic environment have on the electronic environment serving it serving it ((bentonbenton) Peter Miller (Community ) Peter Miller (Community
Technology Centers Network)Technology Centers Network)
Strategies for Strategies for CTCsCTCs
Technology ProvidedTechnology Providedbullbull Hardware Software TrainingHardware Software Trainingbullbull InfrastructureInfrastructurebullbull Online access Online access bullbull Relevant contentRelevant content
Target GroupTarget Groupbullbull IndividualsIndividualsbullbull General PublicGeneral Publicbullbull SchoolsSchoolsbullbull YouthYouthbullbull Community OrganizationsCommunity Organizationsbullbull Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic
GroupsNeighborhoods)GroupsNeighborhoods)
ExamplesExamples
of of
FacilitiesFacilities
Facilities for Facilities for CTCsCTCs
Large Public LibraryLarge Public LibraryCable Access CenterCable Access CenterStandStand--alone Community Centeralone Community CenterCyberCyber--CafeacutesCafeacutes
Type Type
and and
CategoryCategory
ExamplesExamples
TypesCategories for Virtual TypesCategories for Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
SupportInterest GroupsSupportInterest Groupsbullbull Sports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacialSports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacial
Information SharingInformation Sharingbullbull ForumsForumsbullbull MeetingsMeetings
CommunicationCommunicationbullbull EE--mailmailbullbull Chat roomsChat rooms
NetworkingNetworkingInformationInformationbullbull NewsNewsbullbull Health Health bullbull Financial Financial
ShoppingShopping
Benefits to Virtual CommunitiesBenefits to Virtual Communities
Increase job skills and access to Increase job skills and access to employment opportunityemployment opportunityImproved outlook on learning and Improved outlook on learning and educational goalseducational goalsTechnological Literacy to achieve Technological Literacy to achieve individual goalsindividual goalsNew skills and knowledgeNew skills and knowledgeIncrease civic participationIncrease civic participationSocial and Community connectionsSocial and Community connectionsNew connections across ethnic economic New connections across ethnic economic and generational categoriesand generational categories
Key ContributorsKey Contributors
CTCNetCTCNet-- Community Technology Center Community Technology Center Network (Network (httpwwwctcnetorghttpwwwctcnetorg))
bullbull Network of more than Network of more than 700 community 700 community technology centerstechnology centers
bullbull LowLow--income communities gain access to income communities gain access to computers and computercomputers and computer--related technology related technology such as the Internetsuch as the Internet
bullbull Mission to support community technology Mission to support community technology centers so that they can better serve their centers so that they can better serve their constituencies constituencies
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
CCTCCT-- Center for Children and Technology Center for Children and Technology ((httpwww2edcorgCCThttpwww2edcorgCCT))
bullbull Address issues in technology and learningAddress issues in technology and learningbullbull Research and development of learning with Research and development of learning with
technologytechnology
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
The Childrens Partnership The Childrens Partnership ((httpwwwhttpwwwchildrenspartnershipchildrenspartnershiporgorg))
bullbull Research advocacy for underservedResearch advocacy for underservedbullbull FirstFirst--ever report on how the digital age affects ever report on how the digital age affects
children and how to best advance their interests children and how to best advance their interests bullbull Worked to help develop online media for youthWorked to help develop online media for youthbullbull Equip parents and others as guides and advocates Equip parents and others as guides and advocates
for childrenfor childrenbullbull Working with 11 lowWorking with 11 low--income communities in California income communities in California
helping to build sustainable community technology helping to build sustainable community technology centerscenters
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
SRI International (SRI International (httpwwwsricompolicyctlhttpwwwsricompolicyctl))bullbull Mission is to transform research into Mission is to transform research into
application application bullbull How to effectively use technologies to support How to effectively use technologies to support
learning were considered to be so important learning were considered to be so important that the Center for Technology in Learning that the Center for Technology in Learning (CTL) was established(CTL) was established
NTIA NTIA -- National Telecommunications and National Telecommunications and Information AssociationInformation Association
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
HUD Networking HUD Networking ((httpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtmlhttpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtml))
bullbull Neighborhood Networks a communityNeighborhood Networks a community--based based program of the US Department of Housing program of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)and Urban Development (HUD)
bullbull In 1995 began with a few HUD community In 1995 began with a few HUD community technology centerstechnology centers
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
Benton Foundation (Benton Foundation (httpwwwbentonorghttpwwwbentonorg))
bullbull Social benefits in use of emerging Social benefits in use of emerging communications communications
bullbull Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital media to engage equip and connect people to media to engage equip and connect people to alleviate social ills alleviate social ills
bullbull Mission To articulate a public interest vision for Mission To articulate a public interest vision for the digital age and to demonstrate the value of the digital age and to demonstrate the value of communications for solving social problemscommunications for solving social problems
Key International ContributorsKey International Contributors
UNESCOUNESCOInternational Research Development International Research Development CenterCenterbullbull Acacia Acacia ndashndash AfricaAfricabullbull SomosSomos TelecentrosTelecentros ndashndash Latin AmericaLatin Americabullbull Pan Asia Networking Pan Asia Networking ndashndash AsiaAsia
International Telecommunications International Telecommunications Union Union
How do youHow do you
Build a Build a
Virtual Virtual
CommunityCommunity
Nine Design StrategiesNine Design Strategies
PurposePurposePlacesPlacesProfilesProfilesRolesRolesLeadershipLeadership
EtiquetteEtiquetteEventsEventsRitualsRitualsSubgroupsSubgroups
What are the building blocks
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Define and Articulate Your PurposeDefine and Articulate Your Purpose
Ask yourself these questionsAsk yourself these questions
bullbull What typeWhat type of community do I want to of community do I want to buildbuild
bullbull WhyWhy am I building itam I building it
bullbull WhoWho am I building it foram I building it for
Build Flexible Extensible Gathering Build Flexible Extensible Gathering PlacesPlaces
What do I need to look out forWhat do I need to look out for
bullbull Communication structureCommunication structure
bullbull Neighborhood layoutNeighborhood layout
bullbull Future growthFuture growth
Create Meaningful and Evolving Create Meaningful and Evolving Member ProfilesMember Profiles
Why do I need member profilesWhy do I need member profiles
bullbull Provide social contextProvide social context
bullbull Establish unique identitiesEstablish unique identities
bullbull Build trustBuild trust
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Community Technology BeginningCommunity Technology Beginning
OnOn--lineVirtual CommunitieslineVirtual Communitiesbullbull PTWPTW--Play to Win Play to Win
Program for prisoners to promote Program for prisoners to promote educational use of computers and offer educational use of computers and offer technical assistance to prisoners and technical assistance to prisoners and rehabilitation agenciesrehabilitation agenciesPlaying To Win opens the Harlem Playing To Win opens the Harlem Community Computing Center which Community Computing Center which provides the neighborhood with public provides the neighborhood with public access to personal computers access to personal computers
Community Technology EvolutionCommunity Technology Evolution
Community Technology CenterCommunity Technology Centerbullbull Digital opportunity and lifeDigital opportunity and life--long learning long learning
underserved communitiesunderserved communitiesbullbull AfterAfter--school homework assistance school homework assistance bullbull Computer access for children whose Computer access for children whose
families cant afford their own families cant afford their own bullbull Learning opportunitiesLearning opportunitiesbullbull Programs and services that help older Programs and services that help older
youth make important vocational youth make important vocational academic and career choices academic and career choices
Parallels between Parallels between
Cable and ComputingCable and Computing
Technological Technological
MovementsMovements
Lessons Learned from CableLessons Learned from Cable
Auxiliary service to Distinct mediumAuxiliary service to Distinct mediumAccess and industry collaborationAccess and industry collaborationDemonstrate potentialDemonstrate potentialAdvocacy OrganizationsAdvocacy OrganizationsPublic access is socially responsible mediumPublic access is socially responsible mediumPolitically SavvyPolitically SavvyFoundation supportFoundation support
Difference is the active participantDifference is the active participantAccess Access Skills Skills Social ChangeSocial Change
Community Technology TerminologyCommunity Technology Terminology
Distributed Distributed vsvs Local CommunitiesLocal CommunitiesCybergroupiesCybergroupies vsvs Local Groupies Local Groupies GlocalizationGlocalization vsvs GlobalizationGlobalizationCommunity Centers Community Centers vsvs CTCsCTCsCommunity ComputingCommunity Community ComputingCommunity Networks Networks Virtual CommunitiesOnVirtual CommunitiesOn--line line CommunitiesCommunities
DefinitionsDefinitions
Distributed CommunityDistributed Communitybullbull Any community of practice that cannot Any community of practice that cannot
rely on facerely on face--toto--face meetings and face meetings and interaction as primary vehicle for interaction as primary vehicle for connecting members connecting members (Challenge of (Challenge of DistrDistr CommComm))
DefinitionsDefinitions
Community ComputingCommunity ComputingThe OldThe Oldbullbull Community networksFreeCommunity networksFree--Nets are ldquoloosely Nets are ldquoloosely
organized communityorganized community--base volunteerbase volunteer--managed managed electronic network serversrdquo that provide free electronic network serversrdquo that provide free dialdial--up access to the Internet and information up access to the Internet and information about the local community about the local community (Beamish)(Beamish)
bullbull Refers to public access centers online access Refers to public access centers online access and provision of information and provision of information (Beamish) (Beamish)
Definitions Evolved Definitions Evolved
Community ComputingCommunity Computingbullbull A process to serve the local A process to serve the local
geographical communitygeographical community--to respond to to respond to the needs of that community and build the needs of that community and build solutions to its problems Community solutions to its problems Community networking in the social sense is not a networking in the social sense is not a new concept but using electronic new concept but using electronic communications to extend and amplify communications to extend and amplify it certainly isrdquo it certainly isrdquo
~Mario ~Mario MorinoMorino
Definitions EvolvedDefinitions Evolved
Focus moving from FREE to community Focus moving from FREE to community information SERVER information SERVER (Beamish)(Beamish)
Focus community access to developmentFocus community access to developmentContent consumer Content consumer vsvs Content producer Content producer (Beamish)(Beamish)
bullbull Increasingly however technology activists Increasingly however technology activists stress the importance of nurturing individuals stress the importance of nurturing individuals and indigenous community organizations that and indigenous community organizations that already provide help and support in the already provide help and support in the community rather than trying to impose community rather than trying to impose technology from the outside technology from the outside (Benton)(Benton)
DefinitionsDefinitions
Community Technology Community Technology bullbull To give people of the community tools To give people of the community tools
to better their lives using technologyto better their lives using technology
Community Technology
Community ComputingCommunity Center
Community Service
Copyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
Ideas EvolvedIdeas Evolved
ldquowho controls the content (and) how ldquowho controls the content (and) how much control does the community much control does the community have on the electronic environment have on the electronic environment serving it serving it ((bentonbenton) Peter Miller (Community ) Peter Miller (Community
Technology Centers Network)Technology Centers Network)
Strategies for Strategies for CTCsCTCs
Technology ProvidedTechnology Providedbullbull Hardware Software TrainingHardware Software Trainingbullbull InfrastructureInfrastructurebullbull Online access Online access bullbull Relevant contentRelevant content
Target GroupTarget Groupbullbull IndividualsIndividualsbullbull General PublicGeneral Publicbullbull SchoolsSchoolsbullbull YouthYouthbullbull Community OrganizationsCommunity Organizationsbullbull Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic
GroupsNeighborhoods)GroupsNeighborhoods)
ExamplesExamples
of of
FacilitiesFacilities
Facilities for Facilities for CTCsCTCs
Large Public LibraryLarge Public LibraryCable Access CenterCable Access CenterStandStand--alone Community Centeralone Community CenterCyberCyber--CafeacutesCafeacutes
Type Type
and and
CategoryCategory
ExamplesExamples
TypesCategories for Virtual TypesCategories for Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
SupportInterest GroupsSupportInterest Groupsbullbull Sports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacialSports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacial
Information SharingInformation Sharingbullbull ForumsForumsbullbull MeetingsMeetings
CommunicationCommunicationbullbull EE--mailmailbullbull Chat roomsChat rooms
NetworkingNetworkingInformationInformationbullbull NewsNewsbullbull Health Health bullbull Financial Financial
ShoppingShopping
Benefits to Virtual CommunitiesBenefits to Virtual Communities
Increase job skills and access to Increase job skills and access to employment opportunityemployment opportunityImproved outlook on learning and Improved outlook on learning and educational goalseducational goalsTechnological Literacy to achieve Technological Literacy to achieve individual goalsindividual goalsNew skills and knowledgeNew skills and knowledgeIncrease civic participationIncrease civic participationSocial and Community connectionsSocial and Community connectionsNew connections across ethnic economic New connections across ethnic economic and generational categoriesand generational categories
Key ContributorsKey Contributors
CTCNetCTCNet-- Community Technology Center Community Technology Center Network (Network (httpwwwctcnetorghttpwwwctcnetorg))
bullbull Network of more than Network of more than 700 community 700 community technology centerstechnology centers
bullbull LowLow--income communities gain access to income communities gain access to computers and computercomputers and computer--related technology related technology such as the Internetsuch as the Internet
bullbull Mission to support community technology Mission to support community technology centers so that they can better serve their centers so that they can better serve their constituencies constituencies
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
CCTCCT-- Center for Children and Technology Center for Children and Technology ((httpwww2edcorgCCThttpwww2edcorgCCT))
bullbull Address issues in technology and learningAddress issues in technology and learningbullbull Research and development of learning with Research and development of learning with
technologytechnology
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
The Childrens Partnership The Childrens Partnership ((httpwwwhttpwwwchildrenspartnershipchildrenspartnershiporgorg))
bullbull Research advocacy for underservedResearch advocacy for underservedbullbull FirstFirst--ever report on how the digital age affects ever report on how the digital age affects
children and how to best advance their interests children and how to best advance their interests bullbull Worked to help develop online media for youthWorked to help develop online media for youthbullbull Equip parents and others as guides and advocates Equip parents and others as guides and advocates
for childrenfor childrenbullbull Working with 11 lowWorking with 11 low--income communities in California income communities in California
helping to build sustainable community technology helping to build sustainable community technology centerscenters
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
SRI International (SRI International (httpwwwsricompolicyctlhttpwwwsricompolicyctl))bullbull Mission is to transform research into Mission is to transform research into
application application bullbull How to effectively use technologies to support How to effectively use technologies to support
learning were considered to be so important learning were considered to be so important that the Center for Technology in Learning that the Center for Technology in Learning (CTL) was established(CTL) was established
NTIA NTIA -- National Telecommunications and National Telecommunications and Information AssociationInformation Association
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
HUD Networking HUD Networking ((httpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtmlhttpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtml))
bullbull Neighborhood Networks a communityNeighborhood Networks a community--based based program of the US Department of Housing program of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)and Urban Development (HUD)
bullbull In 1995 began with a few HUD community In 1995 began with a few HUD community technology centerstechnology centers
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
Benton Foundation (Benton Foundation (httpwwwbentonorghttpwwwbentonorg))
bullbull Social benefits in use of emerging Social benefits in use of emerging communications communications
bullbull Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital media to engage equip and connect people to media to engage equip and connect people to alleviate social ills alleviate social ills
bullbull Mission To articulate a public interest vision for Mission To articulate a public interest vision for the digital age and to demonstrate the value of the digital age and to demonstrate the value of communications for solving social problemscommunications for solving social problems
Key International ContributorsKey International Contributors
UNESCOUNESCOInternational Research Development International Research Development CenterCenterbullbull Acacia Acacia ndashndash AfricaAfricabullbull SomosSomos TelecentrosTelecentros ndashndash Latin AmericaLatin Americabullbull Pan Asia Networking Pan Asia Networking ndashndash AsiaAsia
International Telecommunications International Telecommunications Union Union
How do youHow do you
Build a Build a
Virtual Virtual
CommunityCommunity
Nine Design StrategiesNine Design Strategies
PurposePurposePlacesPlacesProfilesProfilesRolesRolesLeadershipLeadership
EtiquetteEtiquetteEventsEventsRitualsRitualsSubgroupsSubgroups
What are the building blocks
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Define and Articulate Your PurposeDefine and Articulate Your Purpose
Ask yourself these questionsAsk yourself these questions
bullbull What typeWhat type of community do I want to of community do I want to buildbuild
bullbull WhyWhy am I building itam I building it
bullbull WhoWho am I building it foram I building it for
Build Flexible Extensible Gathering Build Flexible Extensible Gathering PlacesPlaces
What do I need to look out forWhat do I need to look out for
bullbull Communication structureCommunication structure
bullbull Neighborhood layoutNeighborhood layout
bullbull Future growthFuture growth
Create Meaningful and Evolving Create Meaningful and Evolving Member ProfilesMember Profiles
Why do I need member profilesWhy do I need member profiles
bullbull Provide social contextProvide social context
bullbull Establish unique identitiesEstablish unique identities
bullbull Build trustBuild trust
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Community Technology EvolutionCommunity Technology Evolution
Community Technology CenterCommunity Technology Centerbullbull Digital opportunity and lifeDigital opportunity and life--long learning long learning
underserved communitiesunderserved communitiesbullbull AfterAfter--school homework assistance school homework assistance bullbull Computer access for children whose Computer access for children whose
families cant afford their own families cant afford their own bullbull Learning opportunitiesLearning opportunitiesbullbull Programs and services that help older Programs and services that help older
youth make important vocational youth make important vocational academic and career choices academic and career choices
Parallels between Parallels between
Cable and ComputingCable and Computing
Technological Technological
MovementsMovements
Lessons Learned from CableLessons Learned from Cable
Auxiliary service to Distinct mediumAuxiliary service to Distinct mediumAccess and industry collaborationAccess and industry collaborationDemonstrate potentialDemonstrate potentialAdvocacy OrganizationsAdvocacy OrganizationsPublic access is socially responsible mediumPublic access is socially responsible mediumPolitically SavvyPolitically SavvyFoundation supportFoundation support
Difference is the active participantDifference is the active participantAccess Access Skills Skills Social ChangeSocial Change
Community Technology TerminologyCommunity Technology Terminology
Distributed Distributed vsvs Local CommunitiesLocal CommunitiesCybergroupiesCybergroupies vsvs Local Groupies Local Groupies GlocalizationGlocalization vsvs GlobalizationGlobalizationCommunity Centers Community Centers vsvs CTCsCTCsCommunity ComputingCommunity Community ComputingCommunity Networks Networks Virtual CommunitiesOnVirtual CommunitiesOn--line line CommunitiesCommunities
DefinitionsDefinitions
Distributed CommunityDistributed Communitybullbull Any community of practice that cannot Any community of practice that cannot
rely on facerely on face--toto--face meetings and face meetings and interaction as primary vehicle for interaction as primary vehicle for connecting members connecting members (Challenge of (Challenge of DistrDistr CommComm))
DefinitionsDefinitions
Community ComputingCommunity ComputingThe OldThe Oldbullbull Community networksFreeCommunity networksFree--Nets are ldquoloosely Nets are ldquoloosely
organized communityorganized community--base volunteerbase volunteer--managed managed electronic network serversrdquo that provide free electronic network serversrdquo that provide free dialdial--up access to the Internet and information up access to the Internet and information about the local community about the local community (Beamish)(Beamish)
bullbull Refers to public access centers online access Refers to public access centers online access and provision of information and provision of information (Beamish) (Beamish)
Definitions Evolved Definitions Evolved
Community ComputingCommunity Computingbullbull A process to serve the local A process to serve the local
geographical communitygeographical community--to respond to to respond to the needs of that community and build the needs of that community and build solutions to its problems Community solutions to its problems Community networking in the social sense is not a networking in the social sense is not a new concept but using electronic new concept but using electronic communications to extend and amplify communications to extend and amplify it certainly isrdquo it certainly isrdquo
~Mario ~Mario MorinoMorino
Definitions EvolvedDefinitions Evolved
Focus moving from FREE to community Focus moving from FREE to community information SERVER information SERVER (Beamish)(Beamish)
Focus community access to developmentFocus community access to developmentContent consumer Content consumer vsvs Content producer Content producer (Beamish)(Beamish)
bullbull Increasingly however technology activists Increasingly however technology activists stress the importance of nurturing individuals stress the importance of nurturing individuals and indigenous community organizations that and indigenous community organizations that already provide help and support in the already provide help and support in the community rather than trying to impose community rather than trying to impose technology from the outside technology from the outside (Benton)(Benton)
DefinitionsDefinitions
Community Technology Community Technology bullbull To give people of the community tools To give people of the community tools
to better their lives using technologyto better their lives using technology
Community Technology
Community ComputingCommunity Center
Community Service
Copyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
Ideas EvolvedIdeas Evolved
ldquowho controls the content (and) how ldquowho controls the content (and) how much control does the community much control does the community have on the electronic environment have on the electronic environment serving it serving it ((bentonbenton) Peter Miller (Community ) Peter Miller (Community
Technology Centers Network)Technology Centers Network)
Strategies for Strategies for CTCsCTCs
Technology ProvidedTechnology Providedbullbull Hardware Software TrainingHardware Software Trainingbullbull InfrastructureInfrastructurebullbull Online access Online access bullbull Relevant contentRelevant content
Target GroupTarget Groupbullbull IndividualsIndividualsbullbull General PublicGeneral Publicbullbull SchoolsSchoolsbullbull YouthYouthbullbull Community OrganizationsCommunity Organizationsbullbull Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic
GroupsNeighborhoods)GroupsNeighborhoods)
ExamplesExamples
of of
FacilitiesFacilities
Facilities for Facilities for CTCsCTCs
Large Public LibraryLarge Public LibraryCable Access CenterCable Access CenterStandStand--alone Community Centeralone Community CenterCyberCyber--CafeacutesCafeacutes
Type Type
and and
CategoryCategory
ExamplesExamples
TypesCategories for Virtual TypesCategories for Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
SupportInterest GroupsSupportInterest Groupsbullbull Sports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacialSports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacial
Information SharingInformation Sharingbullbull ForumsForumsbullbull MeetingsMeetings
CommunicationCommunicationbullbull EE--mailmailbullbull Chat roomsChat rooms
NetworkingNetworkingInformationInformationbullbull NewsNewsbullbull Health Health bullbull Financial Financial
ShoppingShopping
Benefits to Virtual CommunitiesBenefits to Virtual Communities
Increase job skills and access to Increase job skills and access to employment opportunityemployment opportunityImproved outlook on learning and Improved outlook on learning and educational goalseducational goalsTechnological Literacy to achieve Technological Literacy to achieve individual goalsindividual goalsNew skills and knowledgeNew skills and knowledgeIncrease civic participationIncrease civic participationSocial and Community connectionsSocial and Community connectionsNew connections across ethnic economic New connections across ethnic economic and generational categoriesand generational categories
Key ContributorsKey Contributors
CTCNetCTCNet-- Community Technology Center Community Technology Center Network (Network (httpwwwctcnetorghttpwwwctcnetorg))
bullbull Network of more than Network of more than 700 community 700 community technology centerstechnology centers
bullbull LowLow--income communities gain access to income communities gain access to computers and computercomputers and computer--related technology related technology such as the Internetsuch as the Internet
bullbull Mission to support community technology Mission to support community technology centers so that they can better serve their centers so that they can better serve their constituencies constituencies
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
CCTCCT-- Center for Children and Technology Center for Children and Technology ((httpwww2edcorgCCThttpwww2edcorgCCT))
bullbull Address issues in technology and learningAddress issues in technology and learningbullbull Research and development of learning with Research and development of learning with
technologytechnology
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
The Childrens Partnership The Childrens Partnership ((httpwwwhttpwwwchildrenspartnershipchildrenspartnershiporgorg))
bullbull Research advocacy for underservedResearch advocacy for underservedbullbull FirstFirst--ever report on how the digital age affects ever report on how the digital age affects
children and how to best advance their interests children and how to best advance their interests bullbull Worked to help develop online media for youthWorked to help develop online media for youthbullbull Equip parents and others as guides and advocates Equip parents and others as guides and advocates
for childrenfor childrenbullbull Working with 11 lowWorking with 11 low--income communities in California income communities in California
helping to build sustainable community technology helping to build sustainable community technology centerscenters
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
SRI International (SRI International (httpwwwsricompolicyctlhttpwwwsricompolicyctl))bullbull Mission is to transform research into Mission is to transform research into
application application bullbull How to effectively use technologies to support How to effectively use technologies to support
learning were considered to be so important learning were considered to be so important that the Center for Technology in Learning that the Center for Technology in Learning (CTL) was established(CTL) was established
NTIA NTIA -- National Telecommunications and National Telecommunications and Information AssociationInformation Association
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
HUD Networking HUD Networking ((httpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtmlhttpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtml))
bullbull Neighborhood Networks a communityNeighborhood Networks a community--based based program of the US Department of Housing program of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)and Urban Development (HUD)
bullbull In 1995 began with a few HUD community In 1995 began with a few HUD community technology centerstechnology centers
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
Benton Foundation (Benton Foundation (httpwwwbentonorghttpwwwbentonorg))
bullbull Social benefits in use of emerging Social benefits in use of emerging communications communications
bullbull Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital media to engage equip and connect people to media to engage equip and connect people to alleviate social ills alleviate social ills
bullbull Mission To articulate a public interest vision for Mission To articulate a public interest vision for the digital age and to demonstrate the value of the digital age and to demonstrate the value of communications for solving social problemscommunications for solving social problems
Key International ContributorsKey International Contributors
UNESCOUNESCOInternational Research Development International Research Development CenterCenterbullbull Acacia Acacia ndashndash AfricaAfricabullbull SomosSomos TelecentrosTelecentros ndashndash Latin AmericaLatin Americabullbull Pan Asia Networking Pan Asia Networking ndashndash AsiaAsia
International Telecommunications International Telecommunications Union Union
How do youHow do you
Build a Build a
Virtual Virtual
CommunityCommunity
Nine Design StrategiesNine Design Strategies
PurposePurposePlacesPlacesProfilesProfilesRolesRolesLeadershipLeadership
EtiquetteEtiquetteEventsEventsRitualsRitualsSubgroupsSubgroups
What are the building blocks
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Define and Articulate Your PurposeDefine and Articulate Your Purpose
Ask yourself these questionsAsk yourself these questions
bullbull What typeWhat type of community do I want to of community do I want to buildbuild
bullbull WhyWhy am I building itam I building it
bullbull WhoWho am I building it foram I building it for
Build Flexible Extensible Gathering Build Flexible Extensible Gathering PlacesPlaces
What do I need to look out forWhat do I need to look out for
bullbull Communication structureCommunication structure
bullbull Neighborhood layoutNeighborhood layout
bullbull Future growthFuture growth
Create Meaningful and Evolving Create Meaningful and Evolving Member ProfilesMember Profiles
Why do I need member profilesWhy do I need member profiles
bullbull Provide social contextProvide social context
bullbull Establish unique identitiesEstablish unique identities
bullbull Build trustBuild trust
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Parallels between Parallels between
Cable and ComputingCable and Computing
Technological Technological
MovementsMovements
Lessons Learned from CableLessons Learned from Cable
Auxiliary service to Distinct mediumAuxiliary service to Distinct mediumAccess and industry collaborationAccess and industry collaborationDemonstrate potentialDemonstrate potentialAdvocacy OrganizationsAdvocacy OrganizationsPublic access is socially responsible mediumPublic access is socially responsible mediumPolitically SavvyPolitically SavvyFoundation supportFoundation support
Difference is the active participantDifference is the active participantAccess Access Skills Skills Social ChangeSocial Change
Community Technology TerminologyCommunity Technology Terminology
Distributed Distributed vsvs Local CommunitiesLocal CommunitiesCybergroupiesCybergroupies vsvs Local Groupies Local Groupies GlocalizationGlocalization vsvs GlobalizationGlobalizationCommunity Centers Community Centers vsvs CTCsCTCsCommunity ComputingCommunity Community ComputingCommunity Networks Networks Virtual CommunitiesOnVirtual CommunitiesOn--line line CommunitiesCommunities
DefinitionsDefinitions
Distributed CommunityDistributed Communitybullbull Any community of practice that cannot Any community of practice that cannot
rely on facerely on face--toto--face meetings and face meetings and interaction as primary vehicle for interaction as primary vehicle for connecting members connecting members (Challenge of (Challenge of DistrDistr CommComm))
DefinitionsDefinitions
Community ComputingCommunity ComputingThe OldThe Oldbullbull Community networksFreeCommunity networksFree--Nets are ldquoloosely Nets are ldquoloosely
organized communityorganized community--base volunteerbase volunteer--managed managed electronic network serversrdquo that provide free electronic network serversrdquo that provide free dialdial--up access to the Internet and information up access to the Internet and information about the local community about the local community (Beamish)(Beamish)
bullbull Refers to public access centers online access Refers to public access centers online access and provision of information and provision of information (Beamish) (Beamish)
Definitions Evolved Definitions Evolved
Community ComputingCommunity Computingbullbull A process to serve the local A process to serve the local
geographical communitygeographical community--to respond to to respond to the needs of that community and build the needs of that community and build solutions to its problems Community solutions to its problems Community networking in the social sense is not a networking in the social sense is not a new concept but using electronic new concept but using electronic communications to extend and amplify communications to extend and amplify it certainly isrdquo it certainly isrdquo
~Mario ~Mario MorinoMorino
Definitions EvolvedDefinitions Evolved
Focus moving from FREE to community Focus moving from FREE to community information SERVER information SERVER (Beamish)(Beamish)
Focus community access to developmentFocus community access to developmentContent consumer Content consumer vsvs Content producer Content producer (Beamish)(Beamish)
bullbull Increasingly however technology activists Increasingly however technology activists stress the importance of nurturing individuals stress the importance of nurturing individuals and indigenous community organizations that and indigenous community organizations that already provide help and support in the already provide help and support in the community rather than trying to impose community rather than trying to impose technology from the outside technology from the outside (Benton)(Benton)
DefinitionsDefinitions
Community Technology Community Technology bullbull To give people of the community tools To give people of the community tools
to better their lives using technologyto better their lives using technology
Community Technology
Community ComputingCommunity Center
Community Service
Copyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
Ideas EvolvedIdeas Evolved
ldquowho controls the content (and) how ldquowho controls the content (and) how much control does the community much control does the community have on the electronic environment have on the electronic environment serving it serving it ((bentonbenton) Peter Miller (Community ) Peter Miller (Community
Technology Centers Network)Technology Centers Network)
Strategies for Strategies for CTCsCTCs
Technology ProvidedTechnology Providedbullbull Hardware Software TrainingHardware Software Trainingbullbull InfrastructureInfrastructurebullbull Online access Online access bullbull Relevant contentRelevant content
Target GroupTarget Groupbullbull IndividualsIndividualsbullbull General PublicGeneral Publicbullbull SchoolsSchoolsbullbull YouthYouthbullbull Community OrganizationsCommunity Organizationsbullbull Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic
GroupsNeighborhoods)GroupsNeighborhoods)
ExamplesExamples
of of
FacilitiesFacilities
Facilities for Facilities for CTCsCTCs
Large Public LibraryLarge Public LibraryCable Access CenterCable Access CenterStandStand--alone Community Centeralone Community CenterCyberCyber--CafeacutesCafeacutes
Type Type
and and
CategoryCategory
ExamplesExamples
TypesCategories for Virtual TypesCategories for Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
SupportInterest GroupsSupportInterest Groupsbullbull Sports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacialSports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacial
Information SharingInformation Sharingbullbull ForumsForumsbullbull MeetingsMeetings
CommunicationCommunicationbullbull EE--mailmailbullbull Chat roomsChat rooms
NetworkingNetworkingInformationInformationbullbull NewsNewsbullbull Health Health bullbull Financial Financial
ShoppingShopping
Benefits to Virtual CommunitiesBenefits to Virtual Communities
Increase job skills and access to Increase job skills and access to employment opportunityemployment opportunityImproved outlook on learning and Improved outlook on learning and educational goalseducational goalsTechnological Literacy to achieve Technological Literacy to achieve individual goalsindividual goalsNew skills and knowledgeNew skills and knowledgeIncrease civic participationIncrease civic participationSocial and Community connectionsSocial and Community connectionsNew connections across ethnic economic New connections across ethnic economic and generational categoriesand generational categories
Key ContributorsKey Contributors
CTCNetCTCNet-- Community Technology Center Community Technology Center Network (Network (httpwwwctcnetorghttpwwwctcnetorg))
bullbull Network of more than Network of more than 700 community 700 community technology centerstechnology centers
bullbull LowLow--income communities gain access to income communities gain access to computers and computercomputers and computer--related technology related technology such as the Internetsuch as the Internet
bullbull Mission to support community technology Mission to support community technology centers so that they can better serve their centers so that they can better serve their constituencies constituencies
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
CCTCCT-- Center for Children and Technology Center for Children and Technology ((httpwww2edcorgCCThttpwww2edcorgCCT))
bullbull Address issues in technology and learningAddress issues in technology and learningbullbull Research and development of learning with Research and development of learning with
technologytechnology
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
The Childrens Partnership The Childrens Partnership ((httpwwwhttpwwwchildrenspartnershipchildrenspartnershiporgorg))
bullbull Research advocacy for underservedResearch advocacy for underservedbullbull FirstFirst--ever report on how the digital age affects ever report on how the digital age affects
children and how to best advance their interests children and how to best advance their interests bullbull Worked to help develop online media for youthWorked to help develop online media for youthbullbull Equip parents and others as guides and advocates Equip parents and others as guides and advocates
for childrenfor childrenbullbull Working with 11 lowWorking with 11 low--income communities in California income communities in California
helping to build sustainable community technology helping to build sustainable community technology centerscenters
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
SRI International (SRI International (httpwwwsricompolicyctlhttpwwwsricompolicyctl))bullbull Mission is to transform research into Mission is to transform research into
application application bullbull How to effectively use technologies to support How to effectively use technologies to support
learning were considered to be so important learning were considered to be so important that the Center for Technology in Learning that the Center for Technology in Learning (CTL) was established(CTL) was established
NTIA NTIA -- National Telecommunications and National Telecommunications and Information AssociationInformation Association
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
HUD Networking HUD Networking ((httpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtmlhttpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtml))
bullbull Neighborhood Networks a communityNeighborhood Networks a community--based based program of the US Department of Housing program of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)and Urban Development (HUD)
bullbull In 1995 began with a few HUD community In 1995 began with a few HUD community technology centerstechnology centers
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
Benton Foundation (Benton Foundation (httpwwwbentonorghttpwwwbentonorg))
bullbull Social benefits in use of emerging Social benefits in use of emerging communications communications
bullbull Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital media to engage equip and connect people to media to engage equip and connect people to alleviate social ills alleviate social ills
bullbull Mission To articulate a public interest vision for Mission To articulate a public interest vision for the digital age and to demonstrate the value of the digital age and to demonstrate the value of communications for solving social problemscommunications for solving social problems
Key International ContributorsKey International Contributors
UNESCOUNESCOInternational Research Development International Research Development CenterCenterbullbull Acacia Acacia ndashndash AfricaAfricabullbull SomosSomos TelecentrosTelecentros ndashndash Latin AmericaLatin Americabullbull Pan Asia Networking Pan Asia Networking ndashndash AsiaAsia
International Telecommunications International Telecommunications Union Union
How do youHow do you
Build a Build a
Virtual Virtual
CommunityCommunity
Nine Design StrategiesNine Design Strategies
PurposePurposePlacesPlacesProfilesProfilesRolesRolesLeadershipLeadership
EtiquetteEtiquetteEventsEventsRitualsRitualsSubgroupsSubgroups
What are the building blocks
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Define and Articulate Your PurposeDefine and Articulate Your Purpose
Ask yourself these questionsAsk yourself these questions
bullbull What typeWhat type of community do I want to of community do I want to buildbuild
bullbull WhyWhy am I building itam I building it
bullbull WhoWho am I building it foram I building it for
Build Flexible Extensible Gathering Build Flexible Extensible Gathering PlacesPlaces
What do I need to look out forWhat do I need to look out for
bullbull Communication structureCommunication structure
bullbull Neighborhood layoutNeighborhood layout
bullbull Future growthFuture growth
Create Meaningful and Evolving Create Meaningful and Evolving Member ProfilesMember Profiles
Why do I need member profilesWhy do I need member profiles
bullbull Provide social contextProvide social context
bullbull Establish unique identitiesEstablish unique identities
bullbull Build trustBuild trust
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Lessons Learned from CableLessons Learned from Cable
Auxiliary service to Distinct mediumAuxiliary service to Distinct mediumAccess and industry collaborationAccess and industry collaborationDemonstrate potentialDemonstrate potentialAdvocacy OrganizationsAdvocacy OrganizationsPublic access is socially responsible mediumPublic access is socially responsible mediumPolitically SavvyPolitically SavvyFoundation supportFoundation support
Difference is the active participantDifference is the active participantAccess Access Skills Skills Social ChangeSocial Change
Community Technology TerminologyCommunity Technology Terminology
Distributed Distributed vsvs Local CommunitiesLocal CommunitiesCybergroupiesCybergroupies vsvs Local Groupies Local Groupies GlocalizationGlocalization vsvs GlobalizationGlobalizationCommunity Centers Community Centers vsvs CTCsCTCsCommunity ComputingCommunity Community ComputingCommunity Networks Networks Virtual CommunitiesOnVirtual CommunitiesOn--line line CommunitiesCommunities
DefinitionsDefinitions
Distributed CommunityDistributed Communitybullbull Any community of practice that cannot Any community of practice that cannot
rely on facerely on face--toto--face meetings and face meetings and interaction as primary vehicle for interaction as primary vehicle for connecting members connecting members (Challenge of (Challenge of DistrDistr CommComm))
DefinitionsDefinitions
Community ComputingCommunity ComputingThe OldThe Oldbullbull Community networksFreeCommunity networksFree--Nets are ldquoloosely Nets are ldquoloosely
organized communityorganized community--base volunteerbase volunteer--managed managed electronic network serversrdquo that provide free electronic network serversrdquo that provide free dialdial--up access to the Internet and information up access to the Internet and information about the local community about the local community (Beamish)(Beamish)
bullbull Refers to public access centers online access Refers to public access centers online access and provision of information and provision of information (Beamish) (Beamish)
Definitions Evolved Definitions Evolved
Community ComputingCommunity Computingbullbull A process to serve the local A process to serve the local
geographical communitygeographical community--to respond to to respond to the needs of that community and build the needs of that community and build solutions to its problems Community solutions to its problems Community networking in the social sense is not a networking in the social sense is not a new concept but using electronic new concept but using electronic communications to extend and amplify communications to extend and amplify it certainly isrdquo it certainly isrdquo
~Mario ~Mario MorinoMorino
Definitions EvolvedDefinitions Evolved
Focus moving from FREE to community Focus moving from FREE to community information SERVER information SERVER (Beamish)(Beamish)
Focus community access to developmentFocus community access to developmentContent consumer Content consumer vsvs Content producer Content producer (Beamish)(Beamish)
bullbull Increasingly however technology activists Increasingly however technology activists stress the importance of nurturing individuals stress the importance of nurturing individuals and indigenous community organizations that and indigenous community organizations that already provide help and support in the already provide help and support in the community rather than trying to impose community rather than trying to impose technology from the outside technology from the outside (Benton)(Benton)
DefinitionsDefinitions
Community Technology Community Technology bullbull To give people of the community tools To give people of the community tools
to better their lives using technologyto better their lives using technology
Community Technology
Community ComputingCommunity Center
Community Service
Copyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
Ideas EvolvedIdeas Evolved
ldquowho controls the content (and) how ldquowho controls the content (and) how much control does the community much control does the community have on the electronic environment have on the electronic environment serving it serving it ((bentonbenton) Peter Miller (Community ) Peter Miller (Community
Technology Centers Network)Technology Centers Network)
Strategies for Strategies for CTCsCTCs
Technology ProvidedTechnology Providedbullbull Hardware Software TrainingHardware Software Trainingbullbull InfrastructureInfrastructurebullbull Online access Online access bullbull Relevant contentRelevant content
Target GroupTarget Groupbullbull IndividualsIndividualsbullbull General PublicGeneral Publicbullbull SchoolsSchoolsbullbull YouthYouthbullbull Community OrganizationsCommunity Organizationsbullbull Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic
GroupsNeighborhoods)GroupsNeighborhoods)
ExamplesExamples
of of
FacilitiesFacilities
Facilities for Facilities for CTCsCTCs
Large Public LibraryLarge Public LibraryCable Access CenterCable Access CenterStandStand--alone Community Centeralone Community CenterCyberCyber--CafeacutesCafeacutes
Type Type
and and
CategoryCategory
ExamplesExamples
TypesCategories for Virtual TypesCategories for Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
SupportInterest GroupsSupportInterest Groupsbullbull Sports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacialSports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacial
Information SharingInformation Sharingbullbull ForumsForumsbullbull MeetingsMeetings
CommunicationCommunicationbullbull EE--mailmailbullbull Chat roomsChat rooms
NetworkingNetworkingInformationInformationbullbull NewsNewsbullbull Health Health bullbull Financial Financial
ShoppingShopping
Benefits to Virtual CommunitiesBenefits to Virtual Communities
Increase job skills and access to Increase job skills and access to employment opportunityemployment opportunityImproved outlook on learning and Improved outlook on learning and educational goalseducational goalsTechnological Literacy to achieve Technological Literacy to achieve individual goalsindividual goalsNew skills and knowledgeNew skills and knowledgeIncrease civic participationIncrease civic participationSocial and Community connectionsSocial and Community connectionsNew connections across ethnic economic New connections across ethnic economic and generational categoriesand generational categories
Key ContributorsKey Contributors
CTCNetCTCNet-- Community Technology Center Community Technology Center Network (Network (httpwwwctcnetorghttpwwwctcnetorg))
bullbull Network of more than Network of more than 700 community 700 community technology centerstechnology centers
bullbull LowLow--income communities gain access to income communities gain access to computers and computercomputers and computer--related technology related technology such as the Internetsuch as the Internet
bullbull Mission to support community technology Mission to support community technology centers so that they can better serve their centers so that they can better serve their constituencies constituencies
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
CCTCCT-- Center for Children and Technology Center for Children and Technology ((httpwww2edcorgCCThttpwww2edcorgCCT))
bullbull Address issues in technology and learningAddress issues in technology and learningbullbull Research and development of learning with Research and development of learning with
technologytechnology
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
The Childrens Partnership The Childrens Partnership ((httpwwwhttpwwwchildrenspartnershipchildrenspartnershiporgorg))
bullbull Research advocacy for underservedResearch advocacy for underservedbullbull FirstFirst--ever report on how the digital age affects ever report on how the digital age affects
children and how to best advance their interests children and how to best advance their interests bullbull Worked to help develop online media for youthWorked to help develop online media for youthbullbull Equip parents and others as guides and advocates Equip parents and others as guides and advocates
for childrenfor childrenbullbull Working with 11 lowWorking with 11 low--income communities in California income communities in California
helping to build sustainable community technology helping to build sustainable community technology centerscenters
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
SRI International (SRI International (httpwwwsricompolicyctlhttpwwwsricompolicyctl))bullbull Mission is to transform research into Mission is to transform research into
application application bullbull How to effectively use technologies to support How to effectively use technologies to support
learning were considered to be so important learning were considered to be so important that the Center for Technology in Learning that the Center for Technology in Learning (CTL) was established(CTL) was established
NTIA NTIA -- National Telecommunications and National Telecommunications and Information AssociationInformation Association
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
HUD Networking HUD Networking ((httpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtmlhttpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtml))
bullbull Neighborhood Networks a communityNeighborhood Networks a community--based based program of the US Department of Housing program of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)and Urban Development (HUD)
bullbull In 1995 began with a few HUD community In 1995 began with a few HUD community technology centerstechnology centers
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
Benton Foundation (Benton Foundation (httpwwwbentonorghttpwwwbentonorg))
bullbull Social benefits in use of emerging Social benefits in use of emerging communications communications
bullbull Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital media to engage equip and connect people to media to engage equip and connect people to alleviate social ills alleviate social ills
bullbull Mission To articulate a public interest vision for Mission To articulate a public interest vision for the digital age and to demonstrate the value of the digital age and to demonstrate the value of communications for solving social problemscommunications for solving social problems
Key International ContributorsKey International Contributors
UNESCOUNESCOInternational Research Development International Research Development CenterCenterbullbull Acacia Acacia ndashndash AfricaAfricabullbull SomosSomos TelecentrosTelecentros ndashndash Latin AmericaLatin Americabullbull Pan Asia Networking Pan Asia Networking ndashndash AsiaAsia
International Telecommunications International Telecommunications Union Union
How do youHow do you
Build a Build a
Virtual Virtual
CommunityCommunity
Nine Design StrategiesNine Design Strategies
PurposePurposePlacesPlacesProfilesProfilesRolesRolesLeadershipLeadership
EtiquetteEtiquetteEventsEventsRitualsRitualsSubgroupsSubgroups
What are the building blocks
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Define and Articulate Your PurposeDefine and Articulate Your Purpose
Ask yourself these questionsAsk yourself these questions
bullbull What typeWhat type of community do I want to of community do I want to buildbuild
bullbull WhyWhy am I building itam I building it
bullbull WhoWho am I building it foram I building it for
Build Flexible Extensible Gathering Build Flexible Extensible Gathering PlacesPlaces
What do I need to look out forWhat do I need to look out for
bullbull Communication structureCommunication structure
bullbull Neighborhood layoutNeighborhood layout
bullbull Future growthFuture growth
Create Meaningful and Evolving Create Meaningful and Evolving Member ProfilesMember Profiles
Why do I need member profilesWhy do I need member profiles
bullbull Provide social contextProvide social context
bullbull Establish unique identitiesEstablish unique identities
bullbull Build trustBuild trust
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Community Technology TerminologyCommunity Technology Terminology
Distributed Distributed vsvs Local CommunitiesLocal CommunitiesCybergroupiesCybergroupies vsvs Local Groupies Local Groupies GlocalizationGlocalization vsvs GlobalizationGlobalizationCommunity Centers Community Centers vsvs CTCsCTCsCommunity ComputingCommunity Community ComputingCommunity Networks Networks Virtual CommunitiesOnVirtual CommunitiesOn--line line CommunitiesCommunities
DefinitionsDefinitions
Distributed CommunityDistributed Communitybullbull Any community of practice that cannot Any community of practice that cannot
rely on facerely on face--toto--face meetings and face meetings and interaction as primary vehicle for interaction as primary vehicle for connecting members connecting members (Challenge of (Challenge of DistrDistr CommComm))
DefinitionsDefinitions
Community ComputingCommunity ComputingThe OldThe Oldbullbull Community networksFreeCommunity networksFree--Nets are ldquoloosely Nets are ldquoloosely
organized communityorganized community--base volunteerbase volunteer--managed managed electronic network serversrdquo that provide free electronic network serversrdquo that provide free dialdial--up access to the Internet and information up access to the Internet and information about the local community about the local community (Beamish)(Beamish)
bullbull Refers to public access centers online access Refers to public access centers online access and provision of information and provision of information (Beamish) (Beamish)
Definitions Evolved Definitions Evolved
Community ComputingCommunity Computingbullbull A process to serve the local A process to serve the local
geographical communitygeographical community--to respond to to respond to the needs of that community and build the needs of that community and build solutions to its problems Community solutions to its problems Community networking in the social sense is not a networking in the social sense is not a new concept but using electronic new concept but using electronic communications to extend and amplify communications to extend and amplify it certainly isrdquo it certainly isrdquo
~Mario ~Mario MorinoMorino
Definitions EvolvedDefinitions Evolved
Focus moving from FREE to community Focus moving from FREE to community information SERVER information SERVER (Beamish)(Beamish)
Focus community access to developmentFocus community access to developmentContent consumer Content consumer vsvs Content producer Content producer (Beamish)(Beamish)
bullbull Increasingly however technology activists Increasingly however technology activists stress the importance of nurturing individuals stress the importance of nurturing individuals and indigenous community organizations that and indigenous community organizations that already provide help and support in the already provide help and support in the community rather than trying to impose community rather than trying to impose technology from the outside technology from the outside (Benton)(Benton)
DefinitionsDefinitions
Community Technology Community Technology bullbull To give people of the community tools To give people of the community tools
to better their lives using technologyto better their lives using technology
Community Technology
Community ComputingCommunity Center
Community Service
Copyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
Ideas EvolvedIdeas Evolved
ldquowho controls the content (and) how ldquowho controls the content (and) how much control does the community much control does the community have on the electronic environment have on the electronic environment serving it serving it ((bentonbenton) Peter Miller (Community ) Peter Miller (Community
Technology Centers Network)Technology Centers Network)
Strategies for Strategies for CTCsCTCs
Technology ProvidedTechnology Providedbullbull Hardware Software TrainingHardware Software Trainingbullbull InfrastructureInfrastructurebullbull Online access Online access bullbull Relevant contentRelevant content
Target GroupTarget Groupbullbull IndividualsIndividualsbullbull General PublicGeneral Publicbullbull SchoolsSchoolsbullbull YouthYouthbullbull Community OrganizationsCommunity Organizationsbullbull Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic
GroupsNeighborhoods)GroupsNeighborhoods)
ExamplesExamples
of of
FacilitiesFacilities
Facilities for Facilities for CTCsCTCs
Large Public LibraryLarge Public LibraryCable Access CenterCable Access CenterStandStand--alone Community Centeralone Community CenterCyberCyber--CafeacutesCafeacutes
Type Type
and and
CategoryCategory
ExamplesExamples
TypesCategories for Virtual TypesCategories for Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
SupportInterest GroupsSupportInterest Groupsbullbull Sports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacialSports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacial
Information SharingInformation Sharingbullbull ForumsForumsbullbull MeetingsMeetings
CommunicationCommunicationbullbull EE--mailmailbullbull Chat roomsChat rooms
NetworkingNetworkingInformationInformationbullbull NewsNewsbullbull Health Health bullbull Financial Financial
ShoppingShopping
Benefits to Virtual CommunitiesBenefits to Virtual Communities
Increase job skills and access to Increase job skills and access to employment opportunityemployment opportunityImproved outlook on learning and Improved outlook on learning and educational goalseducational goalsTechnological Literacy to achieve Technological Literacy to achieve individual goalsindividual goalsNew skills and knowledgeNew skills and knowledgeIncrease civic participationIncrease civic participationSocial and Community connectionsSocial and Community connectionsNew connections across ethnic economic New connections across ethnic economic and generational categoriesand generational categories
Key ContributorsKey Contributors
CTCNetCTCNet-- Community Technology Center Community Technology Center Network (Network (httpwwwctcnetorghttpwwwctcnetorg))
bullbull Network of more than Network of more than 700 community 700 community technology centerstechnology centers
bullbull LowLow--income communities gain access to income communities gain access to computers and computercomputers and computer--related technology related technology such as the Internetsuch as the Internet
bullbull Mission to support community technology Mission to support community technology centers so that they can better serve their centers so that they can better serve their constituencies constituencies
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
CCTCCT-- Center for Children and Technology Center for Children and Technology ((httpwww2edcorgCCThttpwww2edcorgCCT))
bullbull Address issues in technology and learningAddress issues in technology and learningbullbull Research and development of learning with Research and development of learning with
technologytechnology
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
The Childrens Partnership The Childrens Partnership ((httpwwwhttpwwwchildrenspartnershipchildrenspartnershiporgorg))
bullbull Research advocacy for underservedResearch advocacy for underservedbullbull FirstFirst--ever report on how the digital age affects ever report on how the digital age affects
children and how to best advance their interests children and how to best advance their interests bullbull Worked to help develop online media for youthWorked to help develop online media for youthbullbull Equip parents and others as guides and advocates Equip parents and others as guides and advocates
for childrenfor childrenbullbull Working with 11 lowWorking with 11 low--income communities in California income communities in California
helping to build sustainable community technology helping to build sustainable community technology centerscenters
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
SRI International (SRI International (httpwwwsricompolicyctlhttpwwwsricompolicyctl))bullbull Mission is to transform research into Mission is to transform research into
application application bullbull How to effectively use technologies to support How to effectively use technologies to support
learning were considered to be so important learning were considered to be so important that the Center for Technology in Learning that the Center for Technology in Learning (CTL) was established(CTL) was established
NTIA NTIA -- National Telecommunications and National Telecommunications and Information AssociationInformation Association
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
HUD Networking HUD Networking ((httpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtmlhttpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtml))
bullbull Neighborhood Networks a communityNeighborhood Networks a community--based based program of the US Department of Housing program of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)and Urban Development (HUD)
bullbull In 1995 began with a few HUD community In 1995 began with a few HUD community technology centerstechnology centers
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
Benton Foundation (Benton Foundation (httpwwwbentonorghttpwwwbentonorg))
bullbull Social benefits in use of emerging Social benefits in use of emerging communications communications
bullbull Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital media to engage equip and connect people to media to engage equip and connect people to alleviate social ills alleviate social ills
bullbull Mission To articulate a public interest vision for Mission To articulate a public interest vision for the digital age and to demonstrate the value of the digital age and to demonstrate the value of communications for solving social problemscommunications for solving social problems
Key International ContributorsKey International Contributors
UNESCOUNESCOInternational Research Development International Research Development CenterCenterbullbull Acacia Acacia ndashndash AfricaAfricabullbull SomosSomos TelecentrosTelecentros ndashndash Latin AmericaLatin Americabullbull Pan Asia Networking Pan Asia Networking ndashndash AsiaAsia
International Telecommunications International Telecommunications Union Union
How do youHow do you
Build a Build a
Virtual Virtual
CommunityCommunity
Nine Design StrategiesNine Design Strategies
PurposePurposePlacesPlacesProfilesProfilesRolesRolesLeadershipLeadership
EtiquetteEtiquetteEventsEventsRitualsRitualsSubgroupsSubgroups
What are the building blocks
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Define and Articulate Your PurposeDefine and Articulate Your Purpose
Ask yourself these questionsAsk yourself these questions
bullbull What typeWhat type of community do I want to of community do I want to buildbuild
bullbull WhyWhy am I building itam I building it
bullbull WhoWho am I building it foram I building it for
Build Flexible Extensible Gathering Build Flexible Extensible Gathering PlacesPlaces
What do I need to look out forWhat do I need to look out for
bullbull Communication structureCommunication structure
bullbull Neighborhood layoutNeighborhood layout
bullbull Future growthFuture growth
Create Meaningful and Evolving Create Meaningful and Evolving Member ProfilesMember Profiles
Why do I need member profilesWhy do I need member profiles
bullbull Provide social contextProvide social context
bullbull Establish unique identitiesEstablish unique identities
bullbull Build trustBuild trust
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
DefinitionsDefinitions
Distributed CommunityDistributed Communitybullbull Any community of practice that cannot Any community of practice that cannot
rely on facerely on face--toto--face meetings and face meetings and interaction as primary vehicle for interaction as primary vehicle for connecting members connecting members (Challenge of (Challenge of DistrDistr CommComm))
DefinitionsDefinitions
Community ComputingCommunity ComputingThe OldThe Oldbullbull Community networksFreeCommunity networksFree--Nets are ldquoloosely Nets are ldquoloosely
organized communityorganized community--base volunteerbase volunteer--managed managed electronic network serversrdquo that provide free electronic network serversrdquo that provide free dialdial--up access to the Internet and information up access to the Internet and information about the local community about the local community (Beamish)(Beamish)
bullbull Refers to public access centers online access Refers to public access centers online access and provision of information and provision of information (Beamish) (Beamish)
Definitions Evolved Definitions Evolved
Community ComputingCommunity Computingbullbull A process to serve the local A process to serve the local
geographical communitygeographical community--to respond to to respond to the needs of that community and build the needs of that community and build solutions to its problems Community solutions to its problems Community networking in the social sense is not a networking in the social sense is not a new concept but using electronic new concept but using electronic communications to extend and amplify communications to extend and amplify it certainly isrdquo it certainly isrdquo
~Mario ~Mario MorinoMorino
Definitions EvolvedDefinitions Evolved
Focus moving from FREE to community Focus moving from FREE to community information SERVER information SERVER (Beamish)(Beamish)
Focus community access to developmentFocus community access to developmentContent consumer Content consumer vsvs Content producer Content producer (Beamish)(Beamish)
bullbull Increasingly however technology activists Increasingly however technology activists stress the importance of nurturing individuals stress the importance of nurturing individuals and indigenous community organizations that and indigenous community organizations that already provide help and support in the already provide help and support in the community rather than trying to impose community rather than trying to impose technology from the outside technology from the outside (Benton)(Benton)
DefinitionsDefinitions
Community Technology Community Technology bullbull To give people of the community tools To give people of the community tools
to better their lives using technologyto better their lives using technology
Community Technology
Community ComputingCommunity Center
Community Service
Copyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
Ideas EvolvedIdeas Evolved
ldquowho controls the content (and) how ldquowho controls the content (and) how much control does the community much control does the community have on the electronic environment have on the electronic environment serving it serving it ((bentonbenton) Peter Miller (Community ) Peter Miller (Community
Technology Centers Network)Technology Centers Network)
Strategies for Strategies for CTCsCTCs
Technology ProvidedTechnology Providedbullbull Hardware Software TrainingHardware Software Trainingbullbull InfrastructureInfrastructurebullbull Online access Online access bullbull Relevant contentRelevant content
Target GroupTarget Groupbullbull IndividualsIndividualsbullbull General PublicGeneral Publicbullbull SchoolsSchoolsbullbull YouthYouthbullbull Community OrganizationsCommunity Organizationsbullbull Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic
GroupsNeighborhoods)GroupsNeighborhoods)
ExamplesExamples
of of
FacilitiesFacilities
Facilities for Facilities for CTCsCTCs
Large Public LibraryLarge Public LibraryCable Access CenterCable Access CenterStandStand--alone Community Centeralone Community CenterCyberCyber--CafeacutesCafeacutes
Type Type
and and
CategoryCategory
ExamplesExamples
TypesCategories for Virtual TypesCategories for Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
SupportInterest GroupsSupportInterest Groupsbullbull Sports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacialSports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacial
Information SharingInformation Sharingbullbull ForumsForumsbullbull MeetingsMeetings
CommunicationCommunicationbullbull EE--mailmailbullbull Chat roomsChat rooms
NetworkingNetworkingInformationInformationbullbull NewsNewsbullbull Health Health bullbull Financial Financial
ShoppingShopping
Benefits to Virtual CommunitiesBenefits to Virtual Communities
Increase job skills and access to Increase job skills and access to employment opportunityemployment opportunityImproved outlook on learning and Improved outlook on learning and educational goalseducational goalsTechnological Literacy to achieve Technological Literacy to achieve individual goalsindividual goalsNew skills and knowledgeNew skills and knowledgeIncrease civic participationIncrease civic participationSocial and Community connectionsSocial and Community connectionsNew connections across ethnic economic New connections across ethnic economic and generational categoriesand generational categories
Key ContributorsKey Contributors
CTCNetCTCNet-- Community Technology Center Community Technology Center Network (Network (httpwwwctcnetorghttpwwwctcnetorg))
bullbull Network of more than Network of more than 700 community 700 community technology centerstechnology centers
bullbull LowLow--income communities gain access to income communities gain access to computers and computercomputers and computer--related technology related technology such as the Internetsuch as the Internet
bullbull Mission to support community technology Mission to support community technology centers so that they can better serve their centers so that they can better serve their constituencies constituencies
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
CCTCCT-- Center for Children and Technology Center for Children and Technology ((httpwww2edcorgCCThttpwww2edcorgCCT))
bullbull Address issues in technology and learningAddress issues in technology and learningbullbull Research and development of learning with Research and development of learning with
technologytechnology
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
The Childrens Partnership The Childrens Partnership ((httpwwwhttpwwwchildrenspartnershipchildrenspartnershiporgorg))
bullbull Research advocacy for underservedResearch advocacy for underservedbullbull FirstFirst--ever report on how the digital age affects ever report on how the digital age affects
children and how to best advance their interests children and how to best advance their interests bullbull Worked to help develop online media for youthWorked to help develop online media for youthbullbull Equip parents and others as guides and advocates Equip parents and others as guides and advocates
for childrenfor childrenbullbull Working with 11 lowWorking with 11 low--income communities in California income communities in California
helping to build sustainable community technology helping to build sustainable community technology centerscenters
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
SRI International (SRI International (httpwwwsricompolicyctlhttpwwwsricompolicyctl))bullbull Mission is to transform research into Mission is to transform research into
application application bullbull How to effectively use technologies to support How to effectively use technologies to support
learning were considered to be so important learning were considered to be so important that the Center for Technology in Learning that the Center for Technology in Learning (CTL) was established(CTL) was established
NTIA NTIA -- National Telecommunications and National Telecommunications and Information AssociationInformation Association
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
HUD Networking HUD Networking ((httpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtmlhttpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtml))
bullbull Neighborhood Networks a communityNeighborhood Networks a community--based based program of the US Department of Housing program of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)and Urban Development (HUD)
bullbull In 1995 began with a few HUD community In 1995 began with a few HUD community technology centerstechnology centers
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
Benton Foundation (Benton Foundation (httpwwwbentonorghttpwwwbentonorg))
bullbull Social benefits in use of emerging Social benefits in use of emerging communications communications
bullbull Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital media to engage equip and connect people to media to engage equip and connect people to alleviate social ills alleviate social ills
bullbull Mission To articulate a public interest vision for Mission To articulate a public interest vision for the digital age and to demonstrate the value of the digital age and to demonstrate the value of communications for solving social problemscommunications for solving social problems
Key International ContributorsKey International Contributors
UNESCOUNESCOInternational Research Development International Research Development CenterCenterbullbull Acacia Acacia ndashndash AfricaAfricabullbull SomosSomos TelecentrosTelecentros ndashndash Latin AmericaLatin Americabullbull Pan Asia Networking Pan Asia Networking ndashndash AsiaAsia
International Telecommunications International Telecommunications Union Union
How do youHow do you
Build a Build a
Virtual Virtual
CommunityCommunity
Nine Design StrategiesNine Design Strategies
PurposePurposePlacesPlacesProfilesProfilesRolesRolesLeadershipLeadership
EtiquetteEtiquetteEventsEventsRitualsRitualsSubgroupsSubgroups
What are the building blocks
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Define and Articulate Your PurposeDefine and Articulate Your Purpose
Ask yourself these questionsAsk yourself these questions
bullbull What typeWhat type of community do I want to of community do I want to buildbuild
bullbull WhyWhy am I building itam I building it
bullbull WhoWho am I building it foram I building it for
Build Flexible Extensible Gathering Build Flexible Extensible Gathering PlacesPlaces
What do I need to look out forWhat do I need to look out for
bullbull Communication structureCommunication structure
bullbull Neighborhood layoutNeighborhood layout
bullbull Future growthFuture growth
Create Meaningful and Evolving Create Meaningful and Evolving Member ProfilesMember Profiles
Why do I need member profilesWhy do I need member profiles
bullbull Provide social contextProvide social context
bullbull Establish unique identitiesEstablish unique identities
bullbull Build trustBuild trust
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
DefinitionsDefinitions
Community ComputingCommunity ComputingThe OldThe Oldbullbull Community networksFreeCommunity networksFree--Nets are ldquoloosely Nets are ldquoloosely
organized communityorganized community--base volunteerbase volunteer--managed managed electronic network serversrdquo that provide free electronic network serversrdquo that provide free dialdial--up access to the Internet and information up access to the Internet and information about the local community about the local community (Beamish)(Beamish)
bullbull Refers to public access centers online access Refers to public access centers online access and provision of information and provision of information (Beamish) (Beamish)
Definitions Evolved Definitions Evolved
Community ComputingCommunity Computingbullbull A process to serve the local A process to serve the local
geographical communitygeographical community--to respond to to respond to the needs of that community and build the needs of that community and build solutions to its problems Community solutions to its problems Community networking in the social sense is not a networking in the social sense is not a new concept but using electronic new concept but using electronic communications to extend and amplify communications to extend and amplify it certainly isrdquo it certainly isrdquo
~Mario ~Mario MorinoMorino
Definitions EvolvedDefinitions Evolved
Focus moving from FREE to community Focus moving from FREE to community information SERVER information SERVER (Beamish)(Beamish)
Focus community access to developmentFocus community access to developmentContent consumer Content consumer vsvs Content producer Content producer (Beamish)(Beamish)
bullbull Increasingly however technology activists Increasingly however technology activists stress the importance of nurturing individuals stress the importance of nurturing individuals and indigenous community organizations that and indigenous community organizations that already provide help and support in the already provide help and support in the community rather than trying to impose community rather than trying to impose technology from the outside technology from the outside (Benton)(Benton)
DefinitionsDefinitions
Community Technology Community Technology bullbull To give people of the community tools To give people of the community tools
to better their lives using technologyto better their lives using technology
Community Technology
Community ComputingCommunity Center
Community Service
Copyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
Ideas EvolvedIdeas Evolved
ldquowho controls the content (and) how ldquowho controls the content (and) how much control does the community much control does the community have on the electronic environment have on the electronic environment serving it serving it ((bentonbenton) Peter Miller (Community ) Peter Miller (Community
Technology Centers Network)Technology Centers Network)
Strategies for Strategies for CTCsCTCs
Technology ProvidedTechnology Providedbullbull Hardware Software TrainingHardware Software Trainingbullbull InfrastructureInfrastructurebullbull Online access Online access bullbull Relevant contentRelevant content
Target GroupTarget Groupbullbull IndividualsIndividualsbullbull General PublicGeneral Publicbullbull SchoolsSchoolsbullbull YouthYouthbullbull Community OrganizationsCommunity Organizationsbullbull Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic
GroupsNeighborhoods)GroupsNeighborhoods)
ExamplesExamples
of of
FacilitiesFacilities
Facilities for Facilities for CTCsCTCs
Large Public LibraryLarge Public LibraryCable Access CenterCable Access CenterStandStand--alone Community Centeralone Community CenterCyberCyber--CafeacutesCafeacutes
Type Type
and and
CategoryCategory
ExamplesExamples
TypesCategories for Virtual TypesCategories for Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
SupportInterest GroupsSupportInterest Groupsbullbull Sports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacialSports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacial
Information SharingInformation Sharingbullbull ForumsForumsbullbull MeetingsMeetings
CommunicationCommunicationbullbull EE--mailmailbullbull Chat roomsChat rooms
NetworkingNetworkingInformationInformationbullbull NewsNewsbullbull Health Health bullbull Financial Financial
ShoppingShopping
Benefits to Virtual CommunitiesBenefits to Virtual Communities
Increase job skills and access to Increase job skills and access to employment opportunityemployment opportunityImproved outlook on learning and Improved outlook on learning and educational goalseducational goalsTechnological Literacy to achieve Technological Literacy to achieve individual goalsindividual goalsNew skills and knowledgeNew skills and knowledgeIncrease civic participationIncrease civic participationSocial and Community connectionsSocial and Community connectionsNew connections across ethnic economic New connections across ethnic economic and generational categoriesand generational categories
Key ContributorsKey Contributors
CTCNetCTCNet-- Community Technology Center Community Technology Center Network (Network (httpwwwctcnetorghttpwwwctcnetorg))
bullbull Network of more than Network of more than 700 community 700 community technology centerstechnology centers
bullbull LowLow--income communities gain access to income communities gain access to computers and computercomputers and computer--related technology related technology such as the Internetsuch as the Internet
bullbull Mission to support community technology Mission to support community technology centers so that they can better serve their centers so that they can better serve their constituencies constituencies
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
CCTCCT-- Center for Children and Technology Center for Children and Technology ((httpwww2edcorgCCThttpwww2edcorgCCT))
bullbull Address issues in technology and learningAddress issues in technology and learningbullbull Research and development of learning with Research and development of learning with
technologytechnology
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
The Childrens Partnership The Childrens Partnership ((httpwwwhttpwwwchildrenspartnershipchildrenspartnershiporgorg))
bullbull Research advocacy for underservedResearch advocacy for underservedbullbull FirstFirst--ever report on how the digital age affects ever report on how the digital age affects
children and how to best advance their interests children and how to best advance their interests bullbull Worked to help develop online media for youthWorked to help develop online media for youthbullbull Equip parents and others as guides and advocates Equip parents and others as guides and advocates
for childrenfor childrenbullbull Working with 11 lowWorking with 11 low--income communities in California income communities in California
helping to build sustainable community technology helping to build sustainable community technology centerscenters
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
SRI International (SRI International (httpwwwsricompolicyctlhttpwwwsricompolicyctl))bullbull Mission is to transform research into Mission is to transform research into
application application bullbull How to effectively use technologies to support How to effectively use technologies to support
learning were considered to be so important learning were considered to be so important that the Center for Technology in Learning that the Center for Technology in Learning (CTL) was established(CTL) was established
NTIA NTIA -- National Telecommunications and National Telecommunications and Information AssociationInformation Association
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
HUD Networking HUD Networking ((httpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtmlhttpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtml))
bullbull Neighborhood Networks a communityNeighborhood Networks a community--based based program of the US Department of Housing program of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)and Urban Development (HUD)
bullbull In 1995 began with a few HUD community In 1995 began with a few HUD community technology centerstechnology centers
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
Benton Foundation (Benton Foundation (httpwwwbentonorghttpwwwbentonorg))
bullbull Social benefits in use of emerging Social benefits in use of emerging communications communications
bullbull Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital media to engage equip and connect people to media to engage equip and connect people to alleviate social ills alleviate social ills
bullbull Mission To articulate a public interest vision for Mission To articulate a public interest vision for the digital age and to demonstrate the value of the digital age and to demonstrate the value of communications for solving social problemscommunications for solving social problems
Key International ContributorsKey International Contributors
UNESCOUNESCOInternational Research Development International Research Development CenterCenterbullbull Acacia Acacia ndashndash AfricaAfricabullbull SomosSomos TelecentrosTelecentros ndashndash Latin AmericaLatin Americabullbull Pan Asia Networking Pan Asia Networking ndashndash AsiaAsia
International Telecommunications International Telecommunications Union Union
How do youHow do you
Build a Build a
Virtual Virtual
CommunityCommunity
Nine Design StrategiesNine Design Strategies
PurposePurposePlacesPlacesProfilesProfilesRolesRolesLeadershipLeadership
EtiquetteEtiquetteEventsEventsRitualsRitualsSubgroupsSubgroups
What are the building blocks
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Define and Articulate Your PurposeDefine and Articulate Your Purpose
Ask yourself these questionsAsk yourself these questions
bullbull What typeWhat type of community do I want to of community do I want to buildbuild
bullbull WhyWhy am I building itam I building it
bullbull WhoWho am I building it foram I building it for
Build Flexible Extensible Gathering Build Flexible Extensible Gathering PlacesPlaces
What do I need to look out forWhat do I need to look out for
bullbull Communication structureCommunication structure
bullbull Neighborhood layoutNeighborhood layout
bullbull Future growthFuture growth
Create Meaningful and Evolving Create Meaningful and Evolving Member ProfilesMember Profiles
Why do I need member profilesWhy do I need member profiles
bullbull Provide social contextProvide social context
bullbull Establish unique identitiesEstablish unique identities
bullbull Build trustBuild trust
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Definitions Evolved Definitions Evolved
Community ComputingCommunity Computingbullbull A process to serve the local A process to serve the local
geographical communitygeographical community--to respond to to respond to the needs of that community and build the needs of that community and build solutions to its problems Community solutions to its problems Community networking in the social sense is not a networking in the social sense is not a new concept but using electronic new concept but using electronic communications to extend and amplify communications to extend and amplify it certainly isrdquo it certainly isrdquo
~Mario ~Mario MorinoMorino
Definitions EvolvedDefinitions Evolved
Focus moving from FREE to community Focus moving from FREE to community information SERVER information SERVER (Beamish)(Beamish)
Focus community access to developmentFocus community access to developmentContent consumer Content consumer vsvs Content producer Content producer (Beamish)(Beamish)
bullbull Increasingly however technology activists Increasingly however technology activists stress the importance of nurturing individuals stress the importance of nurturing individuals and indigenous community organizations that and indigenous community organizations that already provide help and support in the already provide help and support in the community rather than trying to impose community rather than trying to impose technology from the outside technology from the outside (Benton)(Benton)
DefinitionsDefinitions
Community Technology Community Technology bullbull To give people of the community tools To give people of the community tools
to better their lives using technologyto better their lives using technology
Community Technology
Community ComputingCommunity Center
Community Service
Copyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
Ideas EvolvedIdeas Evolved
ldquowho controls the content (and) how ldquowho controls the content (and) how much control does the community much control does the community have on the electronic environment have on the electronic environment serving it serving it ((bentonbenton) Peter Miller (Community ) Peter Miller (Community
Technology Centers Network)Technology Centers Network)
Strategies for Strategies for CTCsCTCs
Technology ProvidedTechnology Providedbullbull Hardware Software TrainingHardware Software Trainingbullbull InfrastructureInfrastructurebullbull Online access Online access bullbull Relevant contentRelevant content
Target GroupTarget Groupbullbull IndividualsIndividualsbullbull General PublicGeneral Publicbullbull SchoolsSchoolsbullbull YouthYouthbullbull Community OrganizationsCommunity Organizationsbullbull Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic
GroupsNeighborhoods)GroupsNeighborhoods)
ExamplesExamples
of of
FacilitiesFacilities
Facilities for Facilities for CTCsCTCs
Large Public LibraryLarge Public LibraryCable Access CenterCable Access CenterStandStand--alone Community Centeralone Community CenterCyberCyber--CafeacutesCafeacutes
Type Type
and and
CategoryCategory
ExamplesExamples
TypesCategories for Virtual TypesCategories for Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
SupportInterest GroupsSupportInterest Groupsbullbull Sports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacialSports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacial
Information SharingInformation Sharingbullbull ForumsForumsbullbull MeetingsMeetings
CommunicationCommunicationbullbull EE--mailmailbullbull Chat roomsChat rooms
NetworkingNetworkingInformationInformationbullbull NewsNewsbullbull Health Health bullbull Financial Financial
ShoppingShopping
Benefits to Virtual CommunitiesBenefits to Virtual Communities
Increase job skills and access to Increase job skills and access to employment opportunityemployment opportunityImproved outlook on learning and Improved outlook on learning and educational goalseducational goalsTechnological Literacy to achieve Technological Literacy to achieve individual goalsindividual goalsNew skills and knowledgeNew skills and knowledgeIncrease civic participationIncrease civic participationSocial and Community connectionsSocial and Community connectionsNew connections across ethnic economic New connections across ethnic economic and generational categoriesand generational categories
Key ContributorsKey Contributors
CTCNetCTCNet-- Community Technology Center Community Technology Center Network (Network (httpwwwctcnetorghttpwwwctcnetorg))
bullbull Network of more than Network of more than 700 community 700 community technology centerstechnology centers
bullbull LowLow--income communities gain access to income communities gain access to computers and computercomputers and computer--related technology related technology such as the Internetsuch as the Internet
bullbull Mission to support community technology Mission to support community technology centers so that they can better serve their centers so that they can better serve their constituencies constituencies
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
CCTCCT-- Center for Children and Technology Center for Children and Technology ((httpwww2edcorgCCThttpwww2edcorgCCT))
bullbull Address issues in technology and learningAddress issues in technology and learningbullbull Research and development of learning with Research and development of learning with
technologytechnology
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
The Childrens Partnership The Childrens Partnership ((httpwwwhttpwwwchildrenspartnershipchildrenspartnershiporgorg))
bullbull Research advocacy for underservedResearch advocacy for underservedbullbull FirstFirst--ever report on how the digital age affects ever report on how the digital age affects
children and how to best advance their interests children and how to best advance their interests bullbull Worked to help develop online media for youthWorked to help develop online media for youthbullbull Equip parents and others as guides and advocates Equip parents and others as guides and advocates
for childrenfor childrenbullbull Working with 11 lowWorking with 11 low--income communities in California income communities in California
helping to build sustainable community technology helping to build sustainable community technology centerscenters
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
SRI International (SRI International (httpwwwsricompolicyctlhttpwwwsricompolicyctl))bullbull Mission is to transform research into Mission is to transform research into
application application bullbull How to effectively use technologies to support How to effectively use technologies to support
learning were considered to be so important learning were considered to be so important that the Center for Technology in Learning that the Center for Technology in Learning (CTL) was established(CTL) was established
NTIA NTIA -- National Telecommunications and National Telecommunications and Information AssociationInformation Association
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
HUD Networking HUD Networking ((httpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtmlhttpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtml))
bullbull Neighborhood Networks a communityNeighborhood Networks a community--based based program of the US Department of Housing program of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)and Urban Development (HUD)
bullbull In 1995 began with a few HUD community In 1995 began with a few HUD community technology centerstechnology centers
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
Benton Foundation (Benton Foundation (httpwwwbentonorghttpwwwbentonorg))
bullbull Social benefits in use of emerging Social benefits in use of emerging communications communications
bullbull Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital media to engage equip and connect people to media to engage equip and connect people to alleviate social ills alleviate social ills
bullbull Mission To articulate a public interest vision for Mission To articulate a public interest vision for the digital age and to demonstrate the value of the digital age and to demonstrate the value of communications for solving social problemscommunications for solving social problems
Key International ContributorsKey International Contributors
UNESCOUNESCOInternational Research Development International Research Development CenterCenterbullbull Acacia Acacia ndashndash AfricaAfricabullbull SomosSomos TelecentrosTelecentros ndashndash Latin AmericaLatin Americabullbull Pan Asia Networking Pan Asia Networking ndashndash AsiaAsia
International Telecommunications International Telecommunications Union Union
How do youHow do you
Build a Build a
Virtual Virtual
CommunityCommunity
Nine Design StrategiesNine Design Strategies
PurposePurposePlacesPlacesProfilesProfilesRolesRolesLeadershipLeadership
EtiquetteEtiquetteEventsEventsRitualsRitualsSubgroupsSubgroups
What are the building blocks
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Define and Articulate Your PurposeDefine and Articulate Your Purpose
Ask yourself these questionsAsk yourself these questions
bullbull What typeWhat type of community do I want to of community do I want to buildbuild
bullbull WhyWhy am I building itam I building it
bullbull WhoWho am I building it foram I building it for
Build Flexible Extensible Gathering Build Flexible Extensible Gathering PlacesPlaces
What do I need to look out forWhat do I need to look out for
bullbull Communication structureCommunication structure
bullbull Neighborhood layoutNeighborhood layout
bullbull Future growthFuture growth
Create Meaningful and Evolving Create Meaningful and Evolving Member ProfilesMember Profiles
Why do I need member profilesWhy do I need member profiles
bullbull Provide social contextProvide social context
bullbull Establish unique identitiesEstablish unique identities
bullbull Build trustBuild trust
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Definitions EvolvedDefinitions Evolved
Focus moving from FREE to community Focus moving from FREE to community information SERVER information SERVER (Beamish)(Beamish)
Focus community access to developmentFocus community access to developmentContent consumer Content consumer vsvs Content producer Content producer (Beamish)(Beamish)
bullbull Increasingly however technology activists Increasingly however technology activists stress the importance of nurturing individuals stress the importance of nurturing individuals and indigenous community organizations that and indigenous community organizations that already provide help and support in the already provide help and support in the community rather than trying to impose community rather than trying to impose technology from the outside technology from the outside (Benton)(Benton)
DefinitionsDefinitions
Community Technology Community Technology bullbull To give people of the community tools To give people of the community tools
to better their lives using technologyto better their lives using technology
Community Technology
Community ComputingCommunity Center
Community Service
Copyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
Ideas EvolvedIdeas Evolved
ldquowho controls the content (and) how ldquowho controls the content (and) how much control does the community much control does the community have on the electronic environment have on the electronic environment serving it serving it ((bentonbenton) Peter Miller (Community ) Peter Miller (Community
Technology Centers Network)Technology Centers Network)
Strategies for Strategies for CTCsCTCs
Technology ProvidedTechnology Providedbullbull Hardware Software TrainingHardware Software Trainingbullbull InfrastructureInfrastructurebullbull Online access Online access bullbull Relevant contentRelevant content
Target GroupTarget Groupbullbull IndividualsIndividualsbullbull General PublicGeneral Publicbullbull SchoolsSchoolsbullbull YouthYouthbullbull Community OrganizationsCommunity Organizationsbullbull Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic
GroupsNeighborhoods)GroupsNeighborhoods)
ExamplesExamples
of of
FacilitiesFacilities
Facilities for Facilities for CTCsCTCs
Large Public LibraryLarge Public LibraryCable Access CenterCable Access CenterStandStand--alone Community Centeralone Community CenterCyberCyber--CafeacutesCafeacutes
Type Type
and and
CategoryCategory
ExamplesExamples
TypesCategories for Virtual TypesCategories for Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
SupportInterest GroupsSupportInterest Groupsbullbull Sports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacialSports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacial
Information SharingInformation Sharingbullbull ForumsForumsbullbull MeetingsMeetings
CommunicationCommunicationbullbull EE--mailmailbullbull Chat roomsChat rooms
NetworkingNetworkingInformationInformationbullbull NewsNewsbullbull Health Health bullbull Financial Financial
ShoppingShopping
Benefits to Virtual CommunitiesBenefits to Virtual Communities
Increase job skills and access to Increase job skills and access to employment opportunityemployment opportunityImproved outlook on learning and Improved outlook on learning and educational goalseducational goalsTechnological Literacy to achieve Technological Literacy to achieve individual goalsindividual goalsNew skills and knowledgeNew skills and knowledgeIncrease civic participationIncrease civic participationSocial and Community connectionsSocial and Community connectionsNew connections across ethnic economic New connections across ethnic economic and generational categoriesand generational categories
Key ContributorsKey Contributors
CTCNetCTCNet-- Community Technology Center Community Technology Center Network (Network (httpwwwctcnetorghttpwwwctcnetorg))
bullbull Network of more than Network of more than 700 community 700 community technology centerstechnology centers
bullbull LowLow--income communities gain access to income communities gain access to computers and computercomputers and computer--related technology related technology such as the Internetsuch as the Internet
bullbull Mission to support community technology Mission to support community technology centers so that they can better serve their centers so that they can better serve their constituencies constituencies
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
CCTCCT-- Center for Children and Technology Center for Children and Technology ((httpwww2edcorgCCThttpwww2edcorgCCT))
bullbull Address issues in technology and learningAddress issues in technology and learningbullbull Research and development of learning with Research and development of learning with
technologytechnology
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
The Childrens Partnership The Childrens Partnership ((httpwwwhttpwwwchildrenspartnershipchildrenspartnershiporgorg))
bullbull Research advocacy for underservedResearch advocacy for underservedbullbull FirstFirst--ever report on how the digital age affects ever report on how the digital age affects
children and how to best advance their interests children and how to best advance their interests bullbull Worked to help develop online media for youthWorked to help develop online media for youthbullbull Equip parents and others as guides and advocates Equip parents and others as guides and advocates
for childrenfor childrenbullbull Working with 11 lowWorking with 11 low--income communities in California income communities in California
helping to build sustainable community technology helping to build sustainable community technology centerscenters
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
SRI International (SRI International (httpwwwsricompolicyctlhttpwwwsricompolicyctl))bullbull Mission is to transform research into Mission is to transform research into
application application bullbull How to effectively use technologies to support How to effectively use technologies to support
learning were considered to be so important learning were considered to be so important that the Center for Technology in Learning that the Center for Technology in Learning (CTL) was established(CTL) was established
NTIA NTIA -- National Telecommunications and National Telecommunications and Information AssociationInformation Association
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
HUD Networking HUD Networking ((httpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtmlhttpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtml))
bullbull Neighborhood Networks a communityNeighborhood Networks a community--based based program of the US Department of Housing program of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)and Urban Development (HUD)
bullbull In 1995 began with a few HUD community In 1995 began with a few HUD community technology centerstechnology centers
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
Benton Foundation (Benton Foundation (httpwwwbentonorghttpwwwbentonorg))
bullbull Social benefits in use of emerging Social benefits in use of emerging communications communications
bullbull Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital media to engage equip and connect people to media to engage equip and connect people to alleviate social ills alleviate social ills
bullbull Mission To articulate a public interest vision for Mission To articulate a public interest vision for the digital age and to demonstrate the value of the digital age and to demonstrate the value of communications for solving social problemscommunications for solving social problems
Key International ContributorsKey International Contributors
UNESCOUNESCOInternational Research Development International Research Development CenterCenterbullbull Acacia Acacia ndashndash AfricaAfricabullbull SomosSomos TelecentrosTelecentros ndashndash Latin AmericaLatin Americabullbull Pan Asia Networking Pan Asia Networking ndashndash AsiaAsia
International Telecommunications International Telecommunications Union Union
How do youHow do you
Build a Build a
Virtual Virtual
CommunityCommunity
Nine Design StrategiesNine Design Strategies
PurposePurposePlacesPlacesProfilesProfilesRolesRolesLeadershipLeadership
EtiquetteEtiquetteEventsEventsRitualsRitualsSubgroupsSubgroups
What are the building blocks
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Define and Articulate Your PurposeDefine and Articulate Your Purpose
Ask yourself these questionsAsk yourself these questions
bullbull What typeWhat type of community do I want to of community do I want to buildbuild
bullbull WhyWhy am I building itam I building it
bullbull WhoWho am I building it foram I building it for
Build Flexible Extensible Gathering Build Flexible Extensible Gathering PlacesPlaces
What do I need to look out forWhat do I need to look out for
bullbull Communication structureCommunication structure
bullbull Neighborhood layoutNeighborhood layout
bullbull Future growthFuture growth
Create Meaningful and Evolving Create Meaningful and Evolving Member ProfilesMember Profiles
Why do I need member profilesWhy do I need member profiles
bullbull Provide social contextProvide social context
bullbull Establish unique identitiesEstablish unique identities
bullbull Build trustBuild trust
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
DefinitionsDefinitions
Community Technology Community Technology bullbull To give people of the community tools To give people of the community tools
to better their lives using technologyto better their lives using technology
Community Technology
Community ComputingCommunity Center
Community Service
Copyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
Ideas EvolvedIdeas Evolved
ldquowho controls the content (and) how ldquowho controls the content (and) how much control does the community much control does the community have on the electronic environment have on the electronic environment serving it serving it ((bentonbenton) Peter Miller (Community ) Peter Miller (Community
Technology Centers Network)Technology Centers Network)
Strategies for Strategies for CTCsCTCs
Technology ProvidedTechnology Providedbullbull Hardware Software TrainingHardware Software Trainingbullbull InfrastructureInfrastructurebullbull Online access Online access bullbull Relevant contentRelevant content
Target GroupTarget Groupbullbull IndividualsIndividualsbullbull General PublicGeneral Publicbullbull SchoolsSchoolsbullbull YouthYouthbullbull Community OrganizationsCommunity Organizationsbullbull Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic
GroupsNeighborhoods)GroupsNeighborhoods)
ExamplesExamples
of of
FacilitiesFacilities
Facilities for Facilities for CTCsCTCs
Large Public LibraryLarge Public LibraryCable Access CenterCable Access CenterStandStand--alone Community Centeralone Community CenterCyberCyber--CafeacutesCafeacutes
Type Type
and and
CategoryCategory
ExamplesExamples
TypesCategories for Virtual TypesCategories for Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
SupportInterest GroupsSupportInterest Groupsbullbull Sports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacialSports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacial
Information SharingInformation Sharingbullbull ForumsForumsbullbull MeetingsMeetings
CommunicationCommunicationbullbull EE--mailmailbullbull Chat roomsChat rooms
NetworkingNetworkingInformationInformationbullbull NewsNewsbullbull Health Health bullbull Financial Financial
ShoppingShopping
Benefits to Virtual CommunitiesBenefits to Virtual Communities
Increase job skills and access to Increase job skills and access to employment opportunityemployment opportunityImproved outlook on learning and Improved outlook on learning and educational goalseducational goalsTechnological Literacy to achieve Technological Literacy to achieve individual goalsindividual goalsNew skills and knowledgeNew skills and knowledgeIncrease civic participationIncrease civic participationSocial and Community connectionsSocial and Community connectionsNew connections across ethnic economic New connections across ethnic economic and generational categoriesand generational categories
Key ContributorsKey Contributors
CTCNetCTCNet-- Community Technology Center Community Technology Center Network (Network (httpwwwctcnetorghttpwwwctcnetorg))
bullbull Network of more than Network of more than 700 community 700 community technology centerstechnology centers
bullbull LowLow--income communities gain access to income communities gain access to computers and computercomputers and computer--related technology related technology such as the Internetsuch as the Internet
bullbull Mission to support community technology Mission to support community technology centers so that they can better serve their centers so that they can better serve their constituencies constituencies
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
CCTCCT-- Center for Children and Technology Center for Children and Technology ((httpwww2edcorgCCThttpwww2edcorgCCT))
bullbull Address issues in technology and learningAddress issues in technology and learningbullbull Research and development of learning with Research and development of learning with
technologytechnology
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
The Childrens Partnership The Childrens Partnership ((httpwwwhttpwwwchildrenspartnershipchildrenspartnershiporgorg))
bullbull Research advocacy for underservedResearch advocacy for underservedbullbull FirstFirst--ever report on how the digital age affects ever report on how the digital age affects
children and how to best advance their interests children and how to best advance their interests bullbull Worked to help develop online media for youthWorked to help develop online media for youthbullbull Equip parents and others as guides and advocates Equip parents and others as guides and advocates
for childrenfor childrenbullbull Working with 11 lowWorking with 11 low--income communities in California income communities in California
helping to build sustainable community technology helping to build sustainable community technology centerscenters
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
SRI International (SRI International (httpwwwsricompolicyctlhttpwwwsricompolicyctl))bullbull Mission is to transform research into Mission is to transform research into
application application bullbull How to effectively use technologies to support How to effectively use technologies to support
learning were considered to be so important learning were considered to be so important that the Center for Technology in Learning that the Center for Technology in Learning (CTL) was established(CTL) was established
NTIA NTIA -- National Telecommunications and National Telecommunications and Information AssociationInformation Association
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
HUD Networking HUD Networking ((httpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtmlhttpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtml))
bullbull Neighborhood Networks a communityNeighborhood Networks a community--based based program of the US Department of Housing program of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)and Urban Development (HUD)
bullbull In 1995 began with a few HUD community In 1995 began with a few HUD community technology centerstechnology centers
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
Benton Foundation (Benton Foundation (httpwwwbentonorghttpwwwbentonorg))
bullbull Social benefits in use of emerging Social benefits in use of emerging communications communications
bullbull Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital media to engage equip and connect people to media to engage equip and connect people to alleviate social ills alleviate social ills
bullbull Mission To articulate a public interest vision for Mission To articulate a public interest vision for the digital age and to demonstrate the value of the digital age and to demonstrate the value of communications for solving social problemscommunications for solving social problems
Key International ContributorsKey International Contributors
UNESCOUNESCOInternational Research Development International Research Development CenterCenterbullbull Acacia Acacia ndashndash AfricaAfricabullbull SomosSomos TelecentrosTelecentros ndashndash Latin AmericaLatin Americabullbull Pan Asia Networking Pan Asia Networking ndashndash AsiaAsia
International Telecommunications International Telecommunications Union Union
How do youHow do you
Build a Build a
Virtual Virtual
CommunityCommunity
Nine Design StrategiesNine Design Strategies
PurposePurposePlacesPlacesProfilesProfilesRolesRolesLeadershipLeadership
EtiquetteEtiquetteEventsEventsRitualsRitualsSubgroupsSubgroups
What are the building blocks
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Define and Articulate Your PurposeDefine and Articulate Your Purpose
Ask yourself these questionsAsk yourself these questions
bullbull What typeWhat type of community do I want to of community do I want to buildbuild
bullbull WhyWhy am I building itam I building it
bullbull WhoWho am I building it foram I building it for
Build Flexible Extensible Gathering Build Flexible Extensible Gathering PlacesPlaces
What do I need to look out forWhat do I need to look out for
bullbull Communication structureCommunication structure
bullbull Neighborhood layoutNeighborhood layout
bullbull Future growthFuture growth
Create Meaningful and Evolving Create Meaningful and Evolving Member ProfilesMember Profiles
Why do I need member profilesWhy do I need member profiles
bullbull Provide social contextProvide social context
bullbull Establish unique identitiesEstablish unique identities
bullbull Build trustBuild trust
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Ideas EvolvedIdeas Evolved
ldquowho controls the content (and) how ldquowho controls the content (and) how much control does the community much control does the community have on the electronic environment have on the electronic environment serving it serving it ((bentonbenton) Peter Miller (Community ) Peter Miller (Community
Technology Centers Network)Technology Centers Network)
Strategies for Strategies for CTCsCTCs
Technology ProvidedTechnology Providedbullbull Hardware Software TrainingHardware Software Trainingbullbull InfrastructureInfrastructurebullbull Online access Online access bullbull Relevant contentRelevant content
Target GroupTarget Groupbullbull IndividualsIndividualsbullbull General PublicGeneral Publicbullbull SchoolsSchoolsbullbull YouthYouthbullbull Community OrganizationsCommunity Organizationsbullbull Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic
GroupsNeighborhoods)GroupsNeighborhoods)
ExamplesExamples
of of
FacilitiesFacilities
Facilities for Facilities for CTCsCTCs
Large Public LibraryLarge Public LibraryCable Access CenterCable Access CenterStandStand--alone Community Centeralone Community CenterCyberCyber--CafeacutesCafeacutes
Type Type
and and
CategoryCategory
ExamplesExamples
TypesCategories for Virtual TypesCategories for Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
SupportInterest GroupsSupportInterest Groupsbullbull Sports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacialSports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacial
Information SharingInformation Sharingbullbull ForumsForumsbullbull MeetingsMeetings
CommunicationCommunicationbullbull EE--mailmailbullbull Chat roomsChat rooms
NetworkingNetworkingInformationInformationbullbull NewsNewsbullbull Health Health bullbull Financial Financial
ShoppingShopping
Benefits to Virtual CommunitiesBenefits to Virtual Communities
Increase job skills and access to Increase job skills and access to employment opportunityemployment opportunityImproved outlook on learning and Improved outlook on learning and educational goalseducational goalsTechnological Literacy to achieve Technological Literacy to achieve individual goalsindividual goalsNew skills and knowledgeNew skills and knowledgeIncrease civic participationIncrease civic participationSocial and Community connectionsSocial and Community connectionsNew connections across ethnic economic New connections across ethnic economic and generational categoriesand generational categories
Key ContributorsKey Contributors
CTCNetCTCNet-- Community Technology Center Community Technology Center Network (Network (httpwwwctcnetorghttpwwwctcnetorg))
bullbull Network of more than Network of more than 700 community 700 community technology centerstechnology centers
bullbull LowLow--income communities gain access to income communities gain access to computers and computercomputers and computer--related technology related technology such as the Internetsuch as the Internet
bullbull Mission to support community technology Mission to support community technology centers so that they can better serve their centers so that they can better serve their constituencies constituencies
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
CCTCCT-- Center for Children and Technology Center for Children and Technology ((httpwww2edcorgCCThttpwww2edcorgCCT))
bullbull Address issues in technology and learningAddress issues in technology and learningbullbull Research and development of learning with Research and development of learning with
technologytechnology
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
The Childrens Partnership The Childrens Partnership ((httpwwwhttpwwwchildrenspartnershipchildrenspartnershiporgorg))
bullbull Research advocacy for underservedResearch advocacy for underservedbullbull FirstFirst--ever report on how the digital age affects ever report on how the digital age affects
children and how to best advance their interests children and how to best advance their interests bullbull Worked to help develop online media for youthWorked to help develop online media for youthbullbull Equip parents and others as guides and advocates Equip parents and others as guides and advocates
for childrenfor childrenbullbull Working with 11 lowWorking with 11 low--income communities in California income communities in California
helping to build sustainable community technology helping to build sustainable community technology centerscenters
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
SRI International (SRI International (httpwwwsricompolicyctlhttpwwwsricompolicyctl))bullbull Mission is to transform research into Mission is to transform research into
application application bullbull How to effectively use technologies to support How to effectively use technologies to support
learning were considered to be so important learning were considered to be so important that the Center for Technology in Learning that the Center for Technology in Learning (CTL) was established(CTL) was established
NTIA NTIA -- National Telecommunications and National Telecommunications and Information AssociationInformation Association
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
HUD Networking HUD Networking ((httpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtmlhttpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtml))
bullbull Neighborhood Networks a communityNeighborhood Networks a community--based based program of the US Department of Housing program of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)and Urban Development (HUD)
bullbull In 1995 began with a few HUD community In 1995 began with a few HUD community technology centerstechnology centers
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
Benton Foundation (Benton Foundation (httpwwwbentonorghttpwwwbentonorg))
bullbull Social benefits in use of emerging Social benefits in use of emerging communications communications
bullbull Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital media to engage equip and connect people to media to engage equip and connect people to alleviate social ills alleviate social ills
bullbull Mission To articulate a public interest vision for Mission To articulate a public interest vision for the digital age and to demonstrate the value of the digital age and to demonstrate the value of communications for solving social problemscommunications for solving social problems
Key International ContributorsKey International Contributors
UNESCOUNESCOInternational Research Development International Research Development CenterCenterbullbull Acacia Acacia ndashndash AfricaAfricabullbull SomosSomos TelecentrosTelecentros ndashndash Latin AmericaLatin Americabullbull Pan Asia Networking Pan Asia Networking ndashndash AsiaAsia
International Telecommunications International Telecommunications Union Union
How do youHow do you
Build a Build a
Virtual Virtual
CommunityCommunity
Nine Design StrategiesNine Design Strategies
PurposePurposePlacesPlacesProfilesProfilesRolesRolesLeadershipLeadership
EtiquetteEtiquetteEventsEventsRitualsRitualsSubgroupsSubgroups
What are the building blocks
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Define and Articulate Your PurposeDefine and Articulate Your Purpose
Ask yourself these questionsAsk yourself these questions
bullbull What typeWhat type of community do I want to of community do I want to buildbuild
bullbull WhyWhy am I building itam I building it
bullbull WhoWho am I building it foram I building it for
Build Flexible Extensible Gathering Build Flexible Extensible Gathering PlacesPlaces
What do I need to look out forWhat do I need to look out for
bullbull Communication structureCommunication structure
bullbull Neighborhood layoutNeighborhood layout
bullbull Future growthFuture growth
Create Meaningful and Evolving Create Meaningful and Evolving Member ProfilesMember Profiles
Why do I need member profilesWhy do I need member profiles
bullbull Provide social contextProvide social context
bullbull Establish unique identitiesEstablish unique identities
bullbull Build trustBuild trust
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Strategies for Strategies for CTCsCTCs
Technology ProvidedTechnology Providedbullbull Hardware Software TrainingHardware Software Trainingbullbull InfrastructureInfrastructurebullbull Online access Online access bullbull Relevant contentRelevant content
Target GroupTarget Groupbullbull IndividualsIndividualsbullbull General PublicGeneral Publicbullbull SchoolsSchoolsbullbull YouthYouthbullbull Community OrganizationsCommunity Organizationsbullbull Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic Specific Groups(Homeless RacialEthnic
GroupsNeighborhoods)GroupsNeighborhoods)
ExamplesExamples
of of
FacilitiesFacilities
Facilities for Facilities for CTCsCTCs
Large Public LibraryLarge Public LibraryCable Access CenterCable Access CenterStandStand--alone Community Centeralone Community CenterCyberCyber--CafeacutesCafeacutes
Type Type
and and
CategoryCategory
ExamplesExamples
TypesCategories for Virtual TypesCategories for Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
SupportInterest GroupsSupportInterest Groupsbullbull Sports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacialSports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacial
Information SharingInformation Sharingbullbull ForumsForumsbullbull MeetingsMeetings
CommunicationCommunicationbullbull EE--mailmailbullbull Chat roomsChat rooms
NetworkingNetworkingInformationInformationbullbull NewsNewsbullbull Health Health bullbull Financial Financial
ShoppingShopping
Benefits to Virtual CommunitiesBenefits to Virtual Communities
Increase job skills and access to Increase job skills and access to employment opportunityemployment opportunityImproved outlook on learning and Improved outlook on learning and educational goalseducational goalsTechnological Literacy to achieve Technological Literacy to achieve individual goalsindividual goalsNew skills and knowledgeNew skills and knowledgeIncrease civic participationIncrease civic participationSocial and Community connectionsSocial and Community connectionsNew connections across ethnic economic New connections across ethnic economic and generational categoriesand generational categories
Key ContributorsKey Contributors
CTCNetCTCNet-- Community Technology Center Community Technology Center Network (Network (httpwwwctcnetorghttpwwwctcnetorg))
bullbull Network of more than Network of more than 700 community 700 community technology centerstechnology centers
bullbull LowLow--income communities gain access to income communities gain access to computers and computercomputers and computer--related technology related technology such as the Internetsuch as the Internet
bullbull Mission to support community technology Mission to support community technology centers so that they can better serve their centers so that they can better serve their constituencies constituencies
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
CCTCCT-- Center for Children and Technology Center for Children and Technology ((httpwww2edcorgCCThttpwww2edcorgCCT))
bullbull Address issues in technology and learningAddress issues in technology and learningbullbull Research and development of learning with Research and development of learning with
technologytechnology
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
The Childrens Partnership The Childrens Partnership ((httpwwwhttpwwwchildrenspartnershipchildrenspartnershiporgorg))
bullbull Research advocacy for underservedResearch advocacy for underservedbullbull FirstFirst--ever report on how the digital age affects ever report on how the digital age affects
children and how to best advance their interests children and how to best advance their interests bullbull Worked to help develop online media for youthWorked to help develop online media for youthbullbull Equip parents and others as guides and advocates Equip parents and others as guides and advocates
for childrenfor childrenbullbull Working with 11 lowWorking with 11 low--income communities in California income communities in California
helping to build sustainable community technology helping to build sustainable community technology centerscenters
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
SRI International (SRI International (httpwwwsricompolicyctlhttpwwwsricompolicyctl))bullbull Mission is to transform research into Mission is to transform research into
application application bullbull How to effectively use technologies to support How to effectively use technologies to support
learning were considered to be so important learning were considered to be so important that the Center for Technology in Learning that the Center for Technology in Learning (CTL) was established(CTL) was established
NTIA NTIA -- National Telecommunications and National Telecommunications and Information AssociationInformation Association
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
HUD Networking HUD Networking ((httpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtmlhttpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtml))
bullbull Neighborhood Networks a communityNeighborhood Networks a community--based based program of the US Department of Housing program of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)and Urban Development (HUD)
bullbull In 1995 began with a few HUD community In 1995 began with a few HUD community technology centerstechnology centers
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
Benton Foundation (Benton Foundation (httpwwwbentonorghttpwwwbentonorg))
bullbull Social benefits in use of emerging Social benefits in use of emerging communications communications
bullbull Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital media to engage equip and connect people to media to engage equip and connect people to alleviate social ills alleviate social ills
bullbull Mission To articulate a public interest vision for Mission To articulate a public interest vision for the digital age and to demonstrate the value of the digital age and to demonstrate the value of communications for solving social problemscommunications for solving social problems
Key International ContributorsKey International Contributors
UNESCOUNESCOInternational Research Development International Research Development CenterCenterbullbull Acacia Acacia ndashndash AfricaAfricabullbull SomosSomos TelecentrosTelecentros ndashndash Latin AmericaLatin Americabullbull Pan Asia Networking Pan Asia Networking ndashndash AsiaAsia
International Telecommunications International Telecommunications Union Union
How do youHow do you
Build a Build a
Virtual Virtual
CommunityCommunity
Nine Design StrategiesNine Design Strategies
PurposePurposePlacesPlacesProfilesProfilesRolesRolesLeadershipLeadership
EtiquetteEtiquetteEventsEventsRitualsRitualsSubgroupsSubgroups
What are the building blocks
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Define and Articulate Your PurposeDefine and Articulate Your Purpose
Ask yourself these questionsAsk yourself these questions
bullbull What typeWhat type of community do I want to of community do I want to buildbuild
bullbull WhyWhy am I building itam I building it
bullbull WhoWho am I building it foram I building it for
Build Flexible Extensible Gathering Build Flexible Extensible Gathering PlacesPlaces
What do I need to look out forWhat do I need to look out for
bullbull Communication structureCommunication structure
bullbull Neighborhood layoutNeighborhood layout
bullbull Future growthFuture growth
Create Meaningful and Evolving Create Meaningful and Evolving Member ProfilesMember Profiles
Why do I need member profilesWhy do I need member profiles
bullbull Provide social contextProvide social context
bullbull Establish unique identitiesEstablish unique identities
bullbull Build trustBuild trust
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
ExamplesExamples
of of
FacilitiesFacilities
Facilities for Facilities for CTCsCTCs
Large Public LibraryLarge Public LibraryCable Access CenterCable Access CenterStandStand--alone Community Centeralone Community CenterCyberCyber--CafeacutesCafeacutes
Type Type
and and
CategoryCategory
ExamplesExamples
TypesCategories for Virtual TypesCategories for Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
SupportInterest GroupsSupportInterest Groupsbullbull Sports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacialSports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacial
Information SharingInformation Sharingbullbull ForumsForumsbullbull MeetingsMeetings
CommunicationCommunicationbullbull EE--mailmailbullbull Chat roomsChat rooms
NetworkingNetworkingInformationInformationbullbull NewsNewsbullbull Health Health bullbull Financial Financial
ShoppingShopping
Benefits to Virtual CommunitiesBenefits to Virtual Communities
Increase job skills and access to Increase job skills and access to employment opportunityemployment opportunityImproved outlook on learning and Improved outlook on learning and educational goalseducational goalsTechnological Literacy to achieve Technological Literacy to achieve individual goalsindividual goalsNew skills and knowledgeNew skills and knowledgeIncrease civic participationIncrease civic participationSocial and Community connectionsSocial and Community connectionsNew connections across ethnic economic New connections across ethnic economic and generational categoriesand generational categories
Key ContributorsKey Contributors
CTCNetCTCNet-- Community Technology Center Community Technology Center Network (Network (httpwwwctcnetorghttpwwwctcnetorg))
bullbull Network of more than Network of more than 700 community 700 community technology centerstechnology centers
bullbull LowLow--income communities gain access to income communities gain access to computers and computercomputers and computer--related technology related technology such as the Internetsuch as the Internet
bullbull Mission to support community technology Mission to support community technology centers so that they can better serve their centers so that they can better serve their constituencies constituencies
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
CCTCCT-- Center for Children and Technology Center for Children and Technology ((httpwww2edcorgCCThttpwww2edcorgCCT))
bullbull Address issues in technology and learningAddress issues in technology and learningbullbull Research and development of learning with Research and development of learning with
technologytechnology
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
The Childrens Partnership The Childrens Partnership ((httpwwwhttpwwwchildrenspartnershipchildrenspartnershiporgorg))
bullbull Research advocacy for underservedResearch advocacy for underservedbullbull FirstFirst--ever report on how the digital age affects ever report on how the digital age affects
children and how to best advance their interests children and how to best advance their interests bullbull Worked to help develop online media for youthWorked to help develop online media for youthbullbull Equip parents and others as guides and advocates Equip parents and others as guides and advocates
for childrenfor childrenbullbull Working with 11 lowWorking with 11 low--income communities in California income communities in California
helping to build sustainable community technology helping to build sustainable community technology centerscenters
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
SRI International (SRI International (httpwwwsricompolicyctlhttpwwwsricompolicyctl))bullbull Mission is to transform research into Mission is to transform research into
application application bullbull How to effectively use technologies to support How to effectively use technologies to support
learning were considered to be so important learning were considered to be so important that the Center for Technology in Learning that the Center for Technology in Learning (CTL) was established(CTL) was established
NTIA NTIA -- National Telecommunications and National Telecommunications and Information AssociationInformation Association
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
HUD Networking HUD Networking ((httpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtmlhttpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtml))
bullbull Neighborhood Networks a communityNeighborhood Networks a community--based based program of the US Department of Housing program of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)and Urban Development (HUD)
bullbull In 1995 began with a few HUD community In 1995 began with a few HUD community technology centerstechnology centers
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
Benton Foundation (Benton Foundation (httpwwwbentonorghttpwwwbentonorg))
bullbull Social benefits in use of emerging Social benefits in use of emerging communications communications
bullbull Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital media to engage equip and connect people to media to engage equip and connect people to alleviate social ills alleviate social ills
bullbull Mission To articulate a public interest vision for Mission To articulate a public interest vision for the digital age and to demonstrate the value of the digital age and to demonstrate the value of communications for solving social problemscommunications for solving social problems
Key International ContributorsKey International Contributors
UNESCOUNESCOInternational Research Development International Research Development CenterCenterbullbull Acacia Acacia ndashndash AfricaAfricabullbull SomosSomos TelecentrosTelecentros ndashndash Latin AmericaLatin Americabullbull Pan Asia Networking Pan Asia Networking ndashndash AsiaAsia
International Telecommunications International Telecommunications Union Union
How do youHow do you
Build a Build a
Virtual Virtual
CommunityCommunity
Nine Design StrategiesNine Design Strategies
PurposePurposePlacesPlacesProfilesProfilesRolesRolesLeadershipLeadership
EtiquetteEtiquetteEventsEventsRitualsRitualsSubgroupsSubgroups
What are the building blocks
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Define and Articulate Your PurposeDefine and Articulate Your Purpose
Ask yourself these questionsAsk yourself these questions
bullbull What typeWhat type of community do I want to of community do I want to buildbuild
bullbull WhyWhy am I building itam I building it
bullbull WhoWho am I building it foram I building it for
Build Flexible Extensible Gathering Build Flexible Extensible Gathering PlacesPlaces
What do I need to look out forWhat do I need to look out for
bullbull Communication structureCommunication structure
bullbull Neighborhood layoutNeighborhood layout
bullbull Future growthFuture growth
Create Meaningful and Evolving Create Meaningful and Evolving Member ProfilesMember Profiles
Why do I need member profilesWhy do I need member profiles
bullbull Provide social contextProvide social context
bullbull Establish unique identitiesEstablish unique identities
bullbull Build trustBuild trust
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Facilities for Facilities for CTCsCTCs
Large Public LibraryLarge Public LibraryCable Access CenterCable Access CenterStandStand--alone Community Centeralone Community CenterCyberCyber--CafeacutesCafeacutes
Type Type
and and
CategoryCategory
ExamplesExamples
TypesCategories for Virtual TypesCategories for Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
SupportInterest GroupsSupportInterest Groupsbullbull Sports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacialSports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacial
Information SharingInformation Sharingbullbull ForumsForumsbullbull MeetingsMeetings
CommunicationCommunicationbullbull EE--mailmailbullbull Chat roomsChat rooms
NetworkingNetworkingInformationInformationbullbull NewsNewsbullbull Health Health bullbull Financial Financial
ShoppingShopping
Benefits to Virtual CommunitiesBenefits to Virtual Communities
Increase job skills and access to Increase job skills and access to employment opportunityemployment opportunityImproved outlook on learning and Improved outlook on learning and educational goalseducational goalsTechnological Literacy to achieve Technological Literacy to achieve individual goalsindividual goalsNew skills and knowledgeNew skills and knowledgeIncrease civic participationIncrease civic participationSocial and Community connectionsSocial and Community connectionsNew connections across ethnic economic New connections across ethnic economic and generational categoriesand generational categories
Key ContributorsKey Contributors
CTCNetCTCNet-- Community Technology Center Community Technology Center Network (Network (httpwwwctcnetorghttpwwwctcnetorg))
bullbull Network of more than Network of more than 700 community 700 community technology centerstechnology centers
bullbull LowLow--income communities gain access to income communities gain access to computers and computercomputers and computer--related technology related technology such as the Internetsuch as the Internet
bullbull Mission to support community technology Mission to support community technology centers so that they can better serve their centers so that they can better serve their constituencies constituencies
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
CCTCCT-- Center for Children and Technology Center for Children and Technology ((httpwww2edcorgCCThttpwww2edcorgCCT))
bullbull Address issues in technology and learningAddress issues in technology and learningbullbull Research and development of learning with Research and development of learning with
technologytechnology
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
The Childrens Partnership The Childrens Partnership ((httpwwwhttpwwwchildrenspartnershipchildrenspartnershiporgorg))
bullbull Research advocacy for underservedResearch advocacy for underservedbullbull FirstFirst--ever report on how the digital age affects ever report on how the digital age affects
children and how to best advance their interests children and how to best advance their interests bullbull Worked to help develop online media for youthWorked to help develop online media for youthbullbull Equip parents and others as guides and advocates Equip parents and others as guides and advocates
for childrenfor childrenbullbull Working with 11 lowWorking with 11 low--income communities in California income communities in California
helping to build sustainable community technology helping to build sustainable community technology centerscenters
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
SRI International (SRI International (httpwwwsricompolicyctlhttpwwwsricompolicyctl))bullbull Mission is to transform research into Mission is to transform research into
application application bullbull How to effectively use technologies to support How to effectively use technologies to support
learning were considered to be so important learning were considered to be so important that the Center for Technology in Learning that the Center for Technology in Learning (CTL) was established(CTL) was established
NTIA NTIA -- National Telecommunications and National Telecommunications and Information AssociationInformation Association
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
HUD Networking HUD Networking ((httpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtmlhttpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtml))
bullbull Neighborhood Networks a communityNeighborhood Networks a community--based based program of the US Department of Housing program of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)and Urban Development (HUD)
bullbull In 1995 began with a few HUD community In 1995 began with a few HUD community technology centerstechnology centers
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
Benton Foundation (Benton Foundation (httpwwwbentonorghttpwwwbentonorg))
bullbull Social benefits in use of emerging Social benefits in use of emerging communications communications
bullbull Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital media to engage equip and connect people to media to engage equip and connect people to alleviate social ills alleviate social ills
bullbull Mission To articulate a public interest vision for Mission To articulate a public interest vision for the digital age and to demonstrate the value of the digital age and to demonstrate the value of communications for solving social problemscommunications for solving social problems
Key International ContributorsKey International Contributors
UNESCOUNESCOInternational Research Development International Research Development CenterCenterbullbull Acacia Acacia ndashndash AfricaAfricabullbull SomosSomos TelecentrosTelecentros ndashndash Latin AmericaLatin Americabullbull Pan Asia Networking Pan Asia Networking ndashndash AsiaAsia
International Telecommunications International Telecommunications Union Union
How do youHow do you
Build a Build a
Virtual Virtual
CommunityCommunity
Nine Design StrategiesNine Design Strategies
PurposePurposePlacesPlacesProfilesProfilesRolesRolesLeadershipLeadership
EtiquetteEtiquetteEventsEventsRitualsRitualsSubgroupsSubgroups
What are the building blocks
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Define and Articulate Your PurposeDefine and Articulate Your Purpose
Ask yourself these questionsAsk yourself these questions
bullbull What typeWhat type of community do I want to of community do I want to buildbuild
bullbull WhyWhy am I building itam I building it
bullbull WhoWho am I building it foram I building it for
Build Flexible Extensible Gathering Build Flexible Extensible Gathering PlacesPlaces
What do I need to look out forWhat do I need to look out for
bullbull Communication structureCommunication structure
bullbull Neighborhood layoutNeighborhood layout
bullbull Future growthFuture growth
Create Meaningful and Evolving Create Meaningful and Evolving Member ProfilesMember Profiles
Why do I need member profilesWhy do I need member profiles
bullbull Provide social contextProvide social context
bullbull Establish unique identitiesEstablish unique identities
bullbull Build trustBuild trust
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Type Type
and and
CategoryCategory
ExamplesExamples
TypesCategories for Virtual TypesCategories for Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
SupportInterest GroupsSupportInterest Groupsbullbull Sports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacialSports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacial
Information SharingInformation Sharingbullbull ForumsForumsbullbull MeetingsMeetings
CommunicationCommunicationbullbull EE--mailmailbullbull Chat roomsChat rooms
NetworkingNetworkingInformationInformationbullbull NewsNewsbullbull Health Health bullbull Financial Financial
ShoppingShopping
Benefits to Virtual CommunitiesBenefits to Virtual Communities
Increase job skills and access to Increase job skills and access to employment opportunityemployment opportunityImproved outlook on learning and Improved outlook on learning and educational goalseducational goalsTechnological Literacy to achieve Technological Literacy to achieve individual goalsindividual goalsNew skills and knowledgeNew skills and knowledgeIncrease civic participationIncrease civic participationSocial and Community connectionsSocial and Community connectionsNew connections across ethnic economic New connections across ethnic economic and generational categoriesand generational categories
Key ContributorsKey Contributors
CTCNetCTCNet-- Community Technology Center Community Technology Center Network (Network (httpwwwctcnetorghttpwwwctcnetorg))
bullbull Network of more than Network of more than 700 community 700 community technology centerstechnology centers
bullbull LowLow--income communities gain access to income communities gain access to computers and computercomputers and computer--related technology related technology such as the Internetsuch as the Internet
bullbull Mission to support community technology Mission to support community technology centers so that they can better serve their centers so that they can better serve their constituencies constituencies
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
CCTCCT-- Center for Children and Technology Center for Children and Technology ((httpwww2edcorgCCThttpwww2edcorgCCT))
bullbull Address issues in technology and learningAddress issues in technology and learningbullbull Research and development of learning with Research and development of learning with
technologytechnology
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
The Childrens Partnership The Childrens Partnership ((httpwwwhttpwwwchildrenspartnershipchildrenspartnershiporgorg))
bullbull Research advocacy for underservedResearch advocacy for underservedbullbull FirstFirst--ever report on how the digital age affects ever report on how the digital age affects
children and how to best advance their interests children and how to best advance their interests bullbull Worked to help develop online media for youthWorked to help develop online media for youthbullbull Equip parents and others as guides and advocates Equip parents and others as guides and advocates
for childrenfor childrenbullbull Working with 11 lowWorking with 11 low--income communities in California income communities in California
helping to build sustainable community technology helping to build sustainable community technology centerscenters
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
SRI International (SRI International (httpwwwsricompolicyctlhttpwwwsricompolicyctl))bullbull Mission is to transform research into Mission is to transform research into
application application bullbull How to effectively use technologies to support How to effectively use technologies to support
learning were considered to be so important learning were considered to be so important that the Center for Technology in Learning that the Center for Technology in Learning (CTL) was established(CTL) was established
NTIA NTIA -- National Telecommunications and National Telecommunications and Information AssociationInformation Association
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
HUD Networking HUD Networking ((httpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtmlhttpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtml))
bullbull Neighborhood Networks a communityNeighborhood Networks a community--based based program of the US Department of Housing program of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)and Urban Development (HUD)
bullbull In 1995 began with a few HUD community In 1995 began with a few HUD community technology centerstechnology centers
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
Benton Foundation (Benton Foundation (httpwwwbentonorghttpwwwbentonorg))
bullbull Social benefits in use of emerging Social benefits in use of emerging communications communications
bullbull Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital media to engage equip and connect people to media to engage equip and connect people to alleviate social ills alleviate social ills
bullbull Mission To articulate a public interest vision for Mission To articulate a public interest vision for the digital age and to demonstrate the value of the digital age and to demonstrate the value of communications for solving social problemscommunications for solving social problems
Key International ContributorsKey International Contributors
UNESCOUNESCOInternational Research Development International Research Development CenterCenterbullbull Acacia Acacia ndashndash AfricaAfricabullbull SomosSomos TelecentrosTelecentros ndashndash Latin AmericaLatin Americabullbull Pan Asia Networking Pan Asia Networking ndashndash AsiaAsia
International Telecommunications International Telecommunications Union Union
How do youHow do you
Build a Build a
Virtual Virtual
CommunityCommunity
Nine Design StrategiesNine Design Strategies
PurposePurposePlacesPlacesProfilesProfilesRolesRolesLeadershipLeadership
EtiquetteEtiquetteEventsEventsRitualsRitualsSubgroupsSubgroups
What are the building blocks
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Define and Articulate Your PurposeDefine and Articulate Your Purpose
Ask yourself these questionsAsk yourself these questions
bullbull What typeWhat type of community do I want to of community do I want to buildbuild
bullbull WhyWhy am I building itam I building it
bullbull WhoWho am I building it foram I building it for
Build Flexible Extensible Gathering Build Flexible Extensible Gathering PlacesPlaces
What do I need to look out forWhat do I need to look out for
bullbull Communication structureCommunication structure
bullbull Neighborhood layoutNeighborhood layout
bullbull Future growthFuture growth
Create Meaningful and Evolving Create Meaningful and Evolving Member ProfilesMember Profiles
Why do I need member profilesWhy do I need member profiles
bullbull Provide social contextProvide social context
bullbull Establish unique identitiesEstablish unique identities
bullbull Build trustBuild trust
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
TypesCategories for Virtual TypesCategories for Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
SupportInterest GroupsSupportInterest Groupsbullbull Sports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacialSports Entertainment Religious Political EthnicRacial
Information SharingInformation Sharingbullbull ForumsForumsbullbull MeetingsMeetings
CommunicationCommunicationbullbull EE--mailmailbullbull Chat roomsChat rooms
NetworkingNetworkingInformationInformationbullbull NewsNewsbullbull Health Health bullbull Financial Financial
ShoppingShopping
Benefits to Virtual CommunitiesBenefits to Virtual Communities
Increase job skills and access to Increase job skills and access to employment opportunityemployment opportunityImproved outlook on learning and Improved outlook on learning and educational goalseducational goalsTechnological Literacy to achieve Technological Literacy to achieve individual goalsindividual goalsNew skills and knowledgeNew skills and knowledgeIncrease civic participationIncrease civic participationSocial and Community connectionsSocial and Community connectionsNew connections across ethnic economic New connections across ethnic economic and generational categoriesand generational categories
Key ContributorsKey Contributors
CTCNetCTCNet-- Community Technology Center Community Technology Center Network (Network (httpwwwctcnetorghttpwwwctcnetorg))
bullbull Network of more than Network of more than 700 community 700 community technology centerstechnology centers
bullbull LowLow--income communities gain access to income communities gain access to computers and computercomputers and computer--related technology related technology such as the Internetsuch as the Internet
bullbull Mission to support community technology Mission to support community technology centers so that they can better serve their centers so that they can better serve their constituencies constituencies
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
CCTCCT-- Center for Children and Technology Center for Children and Technology ((httpwww2edcorgCCThttpwww2edcorgCCT))
bullbull Address issues in technology and learningAddress issues in technology and learningbullbull Research and development of learning with Research and development of learning with
technologytechnology
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
The Childrens Partnership The Childrens Partnership ((httpwwwhttpwwwchildrenspartnershipchildrenspartnershiporgorg))
bullbull Research advocacy for underservedResearch advocacy for underservedbullbull FirstFirst--ever report on how the digital age affects ever report on how the digital age affects
children and how to best advance their interests children and how to best advance their interests bullbull Worked to help develop online media for youthWorked to help develop online media for youthbullbull Equip parents and others as guides and advocates Equip parents and others as guides and advocates
for childrenfor childrenbullbull Working with 11 lowWorking with 11 low--income communities in California income communities in California
helping to build sustainable community technology helping to build sustainable community technology centerscenters
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
SRI International (SRI International (httpwwwsricompolicyctlhttpwwwsricompolicyctl))bullbull Mission is to transform research into Mission is to transform research into
application application bullbull How to effectively use technologies to support How to effectively use technologies to support
learning were considered to be so important learning were considered to be so important that the Center for Technology in Learning that the Center for Technology in Learning (CTL) was established(CTL) was established
NTIA NTIA -- National Telecommunications and National Telecommunications and Information AssociationInformation Association
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
HUD Networking HUD Networking ((httpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtmlhttpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtml))
bullbull Neighborhood Networks a communityNeighborhood Networks a community--based based program of the US Department of Housing program of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)and Urban Development (HUD)
bullbull In 1995 began with a few HUD community In 1995 began with a few HUD community technology centerstechnology centers
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
Benton Foundation (Benton Foundation (httpwwwbentonorghttpwwwbentonorg))
bullbull Social benefits in use of emerging Social benefits in use of emerging communications communications
bullbull Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital media to engage equip and connect people to media to engage equip and connect people to alleviate social ills alleviate social ills
bullbull Mission To articulate a public interest vision for Mission To articulate a public interest vision for the digital age and to demonstrate the value of the digital age and to demonstrate the value of communications for solving social problemscommunications for solving social problems
Key International ContributorsKey International Contributors
UNESCOUNESCOInternational Research Development International Research Development CenterCenterbullbull Acacia Acacia ndashndash AfricaAfricabullbull SomosSomos TelecentrosTelecentros ndashndash Latin AmericaLatin Americabullbull Pan Asia Networking Pan Asia Networking ndashndash AsiaAsia
International Telecommunications International Telecommunications Union Union
How do youHow do you
Build a Build a
Virtual Virtual
CommunityCommunity
Nine Design StrategiesNine Design Strategies
PurposePurposePlacesPlacesProfilesProfilesRolesRolesLeadershipLeadership
EtiquetteEtiquetteEventsEventsRitualsRitualsSubgroupsSubgroups
What are the building blocks
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Define and Articulate Your PurposeDefine and Articulate Your Purpose
Ask yourself these questionsAsk yourself these questions
bullbull What typeWhat type of community do I want to of community do I want to buildbuild
bullbull WhyWhy am I building itam I building it
bullbull WhoWho am I building it foram I building it for
Build Flexible Extensible Gathering Build Flexible Extensible Gathering PlacesPlaces
What do I need to look out forWhat do I need to look out for
bullbull Communication structureCommunication structure
bullbull Neighborhood layoutNeighborhood layout
bullbull Future growthFuture growth
Create Meaningful and Evolving Create Meaningful and Evolving Member ProfilesMember Profiles
Why do I need member profilesWhy do I need member profiles
bullbull Provide social contextProvide social context
bullbull Establish unique identitiesEstablish unique identities
bullbull Build trustBuild trust
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Benefits to Virtual CommunitiesBenefits to Virtual Communities
Increase job skills and access to Increase job skills and access to employment opportunityemployment opportunityImproved outlook on learning and Improved outlook on learning and educational goalseducational goalsTechnological Literacy to achieve Technological Literacy to achieve individual goalsindividual goalsNew skills and knowledgeNew skills and knowledgeIncrease civic participationIncrease civic participationSocial and Community connectionsSocial and Community connectionsNew connections across ethnic economic New connections across ethnic economic and generational categoriesand generational categories
Key ContributorsKey Contributors
CTCNetCTCNet-- Community Technology Center Community Technology Center Network (Network (httpwwwctcnetorghttpwwwctcnetorg))
bullbull Network of more than Network of more than 700 community 700 community technology centerstechnology centers
bullbull LowLow--income communities gain access to income communities gain access to computers and computercomputers and computer--related technology related technology such as the Internetsuch as the Internet
bullbull Mission to support community technology Mission to support community technology centers so that they can better serve their centers so that they can better serve their constituencies constituencies
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
CCTCCT-- Center for Children and Technology Center for Children and Technology ((httpwww2edcorgCCThttpwww2edcorgCCT))
bullbull Address issues in technology and learningAddress issues in technology and learningbullbull Research and development of learning with Research and development of learning with
technologytechnology
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
The Childrens Partnership The Childrens Partnership ((httpwwwhttpwwwchildrenspartnershipchildrenspartnershiporgorg))
bullbull Research advocacy for underservedResearch advocacy for underservedbullbull FirstFirst--ever report on how the digital age affects ever report on how the digital age affects
children and how to best advance their interests children and how to best advance their interests bullbull Worked to help develop online media for youthWorked to help develop online media for youthbullbull Equip parents and others as guides and advocates Equip parents and others as guides and advocates
for childrenfor childrenbullbull Working with 11 lowWorking with 11 low--income communities in California income communities in California
helping to build sustainable community technology helping to build sustainable community technology centerscenters
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
SRI International (SRI International (httpwwwsricompolicyctlhttpwwwsricompolicyctl))bullbull Mission is to transform research into Mission is to transform research into
application application bullbull How to effectively use technologies to support How to effectively use technologies to support
learning were considered to be so important learning were considered to be so important that the Center for Technology in Learning that the Center for Technology in Learning (CTL) was established(CTL) was established
NTIA NTIA -- National Telecommunications and National Telecommunications and Information AssociationInformation Association
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
HUD Networking HUD Networking ((httpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtmlhttpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtml))
bullbull Neighborhood Networks a communityNeighborhood Networks a community--based based program of the US Department of Housing program of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)and Urban Development (HUD)
bullbull In 1995 began with a few HUD community In 1995 began with a few HUD community technology centerstechnology centers
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
Benton Foundation (Benton Foundation (httpwwwbentonorghttpwwwbentonorg))
bullbull Social benefits in use of emerging Social benefits in use of emerging communications communications
bullbull Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital media to engage equip and connect people to media to engage equip and connect people to alleviate social ills alleviate social ills
bullbull Mission To articulate a public interest vision for Mission To articulate a public interest vision for the digital age and to demonstrate the value of the digital age and to demonstrate the value of communications for solving social problemscommunications for solving social problems
Key International ContributorsKey International Contributors
UNESCOUNESCOInternational Research Development International Research Development CenterCenterbullbull Acacia Acacia ndashndash AfricaAfricabullbull SomosSomos TelecentrosTelecentros ndashndash Latin AmericaLatin Americabullbull Pan Asia Networking Pan Asia Networking ndashndash AsiaAsia
International Telecommunications International Telecommunications Union Union
How do youHow do you
Build a Build a
Virtual Virtual
CommunityCommunity
Nine Design StrategiesNine Design Strategies
PurposePurposePlacesPlacesProfilesProfilesRolesRolesLeadershipLeadership
EtiquetteEtiquetteEventsEventsRitualsRitualsSubgroupsSubgroups
What are the building blocks
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Define and Articulate Your PurposeDefine and Articulate Your Purpose
Ask yourself these questionsAsk yourself these questions
bullbull What typeWhat type of community do I want to of community do I want to buildbuild
bullbull WhyWhy am I building itam I building it
bullbull WhoWho am I building it foram I building it for
Build Flexible Extensible Gathering Build Flexible Extensible Gathering PlacesPlaces
What do I need to look out forWhat do I need to look out for
bullbull Communication structureCommunication structure
bullbull Neighborhood layoutNeighborhood layout
bullbull Future growthFuture growth
Create Meaningful and Evolving Create Meaningful and Evolving Member ProfilesMember Profiles
Why do I need member profilesWhy do I need member profiles
bullbull Provide social contextProvide social context
bullbull Establish unique identitiesEstablish unique identities
bullbull Build trustBuild trust
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Key ContributorsKey Contributors
CTCNetCTCNet-- Community Technology Center Community Technology Center Network (Network (httpwwwctcnetorghttpwwwctcnetorg))
bullbull Network of more than Network of more than 700 community 700 community technology centerstechnology centers
bullbull LowLow--income communities gain access to income communities gain access to computers and computercomputers and computer--related technology related technology such as the Internetsuch as the Internet
bullbull Mission to support community technology Mission to support community technology centers so that they can better serve their centers so that they can better serve their constituencies constituencies
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
CCTCCT-- Center for Children and Technology Center for Children and Technology ((httpwww2edcorgCCThttpwww2edcorgCCT))
bullbull Address issues in technology and learningAddress issues in technology and learningbullbull Research and development of learning with Research and development of learning with
technologytechnology
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
The Childrens Partnership The Childrens Partnership ((httpwwwhttpwwwchildrenspartnershipchildrenspartnershiporgorg))
bullbull Research advocacy for underservedResearch advocacy for underservedbullbull FirstFirst--ever report on how the digital age affects ever report on how the digital age affects
children and how to best advance their interests children and how to best advance their interests bullbull Worked to help develop online media for youthWorked to help develop online media for youthbullbull Equip parents and others as guides and advocates Equip parents and others as guides and advocates
for childrenfor childrenbullbull Working with 11 lowWorking with 11 low--income communities in California income communities in California
helping to build sustainable community technology helping to build sustainable community technology centerscenters
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
SRI International (SRI International (httpwwwsricompolicyctlhttpwwwsricompolicyctl))bullbull Mission is to transform research into Mission is to transform research into
application application bullbull How to effectively use technologies to support How to effectively use technologies to support
learning were considered to be so important learning were considered to be so important that the Center for Technology in Learning that the Center for Technology in Learning (CTL) was established(CTL) was established
NTIA NTIA -- National Telecommunications and National Telecommunications and Information AssociationInformation Association
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
HUD Networking HUD Networking ((httpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtmlhttpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtml))
bullbull Neighborhood Networks a communityNeighborhood Networks a community--based based program of the US Department of Housing program of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)and Urban Development (HUD)
bullbull In 1995 began with a few HUD community In 1995 began with a few HUD community technology centerstechnology centers
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
Benton Foundation (Benton Foundation (httpwwwbentonorghttpwwwbentonorg))
bullbull Social benefits in use of emerging Social benefits in use of emerging communications communications
bullbull Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital media to engage equip and connect people to media to engage equip and connect people to alleviate social ills alleviate social ills
bullbull Mission To articulate a public interest vision for Mission To articulate a public interest vision for the digital age and to demonstrate the value of the digital age and to demonstrate the value of communications for solving social problemscommunications for solving social problems
Key International ContributorsKey International Contributors
UNESCOUNESCOInternational Research Development International Research Development CenterCenterbullbull Acacia Acacia ndashndash AfricaAfricabullbull SomosSomos TelecentrosTelecentros ndashndash Latin AmericaLatin Americabullbull Pan Asia Networking Pan Asia Networking ndashndash AsiaAsia
International Telecommunications International Telecommunications Union Union
How do youHow do you
Build a Build a
Virtual Virtual
CommunityCommunity
Nine Design StrategiesNine Design Strategies
PurposePurposePlacesPlacesProfilesProfilesRolesRolesLeadershipLeadership
EtiquetteEtiquetteEventsEventsRitualsRitualsSubgroupsSubgroups
What are the building blocks
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Define and Articulate Your PurposeDefine and Articulate Your Purpose
Ask yourself these questionsAsk yourself these questions
bullbull What typeWhat type of community do I want to of community do I want to buildbuild
bullbull WhyWhy am I building itam I building it
bullbull WhoWho am I building it foram I building it for
Build Flexible Extensible Gathering Build Flexible Extensible Gathering PlacesPlaces
What do I need to look out forWhat do I need to look out for
bullbull Communication structureCommunication structure
bullbull Neighborhood layoutNeighborhood layout
bullbull Future growthFuture growth
Create Meaningful and Evolving Create Meaningful and Evolving Member ProfilesMember Profiles
Why do I need member profilesWhy do I need member profiles
bullbull Provide social contextProvide social context
bullbull Establish unique identitiesEstablish unique identities
bullbull Build trustBuild trust
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
CCTCCT-- Center for Children and Technology Center for Children and Technology ((httpwww2edcorgCCThttpwww2edcorgCCT))
bullbull Address issues in technology and learningAddress issues in technology and learningbullbull Research and development of learning with Research and development of learning with
technologytechnology
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
The Childrens Partnership The Childrens Partnership ((httpwwwhttpwwwchildrenspartnershipchildrenspartnershiporgorg))
bullbull Research advocacy for underservedResearch advocacy for underservedbullbull FirstFirst--ever report on how the digital age affects ever report on how the digital age affects
children and how to best advance their interests children and how to best advance their interests bullbull Worked to help develop online media for youthWorked to help develop online media for youthbullbull Equip parents and others as guides and advocates Equip parents and others as guides and advocates
for childrenfor childrenbullbull Working with 11 lowWorking with 11 low--income communities in California income communities in California
helping to build sustainable community technology helping to build sustainable community technology centerscenters
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
SRI International (SRI International (httpwwwsricompolicyctlhttpwwwsricompolicyctl))bullbull Mission is to transform research into Mission is to transform research into
application application bullbull How to effectively use technologies to support How to effectively use technologies to support
learning were considered to be so important learning were considered to be so important that the Center for Technology in Learning that the Center for Technology in Learning (CTL) was established(CTL) was established
NTIA NTIA -- National Telecommunications and National Telecommunications and Information AssociationInformation Association
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
HUD Networking HUD Networking ((httpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtmlhttpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtml))
bullbull Neighborhood Networks a communityNeighborhood Networks a community--based based program of the US Department of Housing program of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)and Urban Development (HUD)
bullbull In 1995 began with a few HUD community In 1995 began with a few HUD community technology centerstechnology centers
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
Benton Foundation (Benton Foundation (httpwwwbentonorghttpwwwbentonorg))
bullbull Social benefits in use of emerging Social benefits in use of emerging communications communications
bullbull Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital media to engage equip and connect people to media to engage equip and connect people to alleviate social ills alleviate social ills
bullbull Mission To articulate a public interest vision for Mission To articulate a public interest vision for the digital age and to demonstrate the value of the digital age and to demonstrate the value of communications for solving social problemscommunications for solving social problems
Key International ContributorsKey International Contributors
UNESCOUNESCOInternational Research Development International Research Development CenterCenterbullbull Acacia Acacia ndashndash AfricaAfricabullbull SomosSomos TelecentrosTelecentros ndashndash Latin AmericaLatin Americabullbull Pan Asia Networking Pan Asia Networking ndashndash AsiaAsia
International Telecommunications International Telecommunications Union Union
How do youHow do you
Build a Build a
Virtual Virtual
CommunityCommunity
Nine Design StrategiesNine Design Strategies
PurposePurposePlacesPlacesProfilesProfilesRolesRolesLeadershipLeadership
EtiquetteEtiquetteEventsEventsRitualsRitualsSubgroupsSubgroups
What are the building blocks
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Define and Articulate Your PurposeDefine and Articulate Your Purpose
Ask yourself these questionsAsk yourself these questions
bullbull What typeWhat type of community do I want to of community do I want to buildbuild
bullbull WhyWhy am I building itam I building it
bullbull WhoWho am I building it foram I building it for
Build Flexible Extensible Gathering Build Flexible Extensible Gathering PlacesPlaces
What do I need to look out forWhat do I need to look out for
bullbull Communication structureCommunication structure
bullbull Neighborhood layoutNeighborhood layout
bullbull Future growthFuture growth
Create Meaningful and Evolving Create Meaningful and Evolving Member ProfilesMember Profiles
Why do I need member profilesWhy do I need member profiles
bullbull Provide social contextProvide social context
bullbull Establish unique identitiesEstablish unique identities
bullbull Build trustBuild trust
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
The Childrens Partnership The Childrens Partnership ((httpwwwhttpwwwchildrenspartnershipchildrenspartnershiporgorg))
bullbull Research advocacy for underservedResearch advocacy for underservedbullbull FirstFirst--ever report on how the digital age affects ever report on how the digital age affects
children and how to best advance their interests children and how to best advance their interests bullbull Worked to help develop online media for youthWorked to help develop online media for youthbullbull Equip parents and others as guides and advocates Equip parents and others as guides and advocates
for childrenfor childrenbullbull Working with 11 lowWorking with 11 low--income communities in California income communities in California
helping to build sustainable community technology helping to build sustainable community technology centerscenters
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
SRI International (SRI International (httpwwwsricompolicyctlhttpwwwsricompolicyctl))bullbull Mission is to transform research into Mission is to transform research into
application application bullbull How to effectively use technologies to support How to effectively use technologies to support
learning were considered to be so important learning were considered to be so important that the Center for Technology in Learning that the Center for Technology in Learning (CTL) was established(CTL) was established
NTIA NTIA -- National Telecommunications and National Telecommunications and Information AssociationInformation Association
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
HUD Networking HUD Networking ((httpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtmlhttpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtml))
bullbull Neighborhood Networks a communityNeighborhood Networks a community--based based program of the US Department of Housing program of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)and Urban Development (HUD)
bullbull In 1995 began with a few HUD community In 1995 began with a few HUD community technology centerstechnology centers
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
Benton Foundation (Benton Foundation (httpwwwbentonorghttpwwwbentonorg))
bullbull Social benefits in use of emerging Social benefits in use of emerging communications communications
bullbull Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital media to engage equip and connect people to media to engage equip and connect people to alleviate social ills alleviate social ills
bullbull Mission To articulate a public interest vision for Mission To articulate a public interest vision for the digital age and to demonstrate the value of the digital age and to demonstrate the value of communications for solving social problemscommunications for solving social problems
Key International ContributorsKey International Contributors
UNESCOUNESCOInternational Research Development International Research Development CenterCenterbullbull Acacia Acacia ndashndash AfricaAfricabullbull SomosSomos TelecentrosTelecentros ndashndash Latin AmericaLatin Americabullbull Pan Asia Networking Pan Asia Networking ndashndash AsiaAsia
International Telecommunications International Telecommunications Union Union
How do youHow do you
Build a Build a
Virtual Virtual
CommunityCommunity
Nine Design StrategiesNine Design Strategies
PurposePurposePlacesPlacesProfilesProfilesRolesRolesLeadershipLeadership
EtiquetteEtiquetteEventsEventsRitualsRitualsSubgroupsSubgroups
What are the building blocks
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Define and Articulate Your PurposeDefine and Articulate Your Purpose
Ask yourself these questionsAsk yourself these questions
bullbull What typeWhat type of community do I want to of community do I want to buildbuild
bullbull WhyWhy am I building itam I building it
bullbull WhoWho am I building it foram I building it for
Build Flexible Extensible Gathering Build Flexible Extensible Gathering PlacesPlaces
What do I need to look out forWhat do I need to look out for
bullbull Communication structureCommunication structure
bullbull Neighborhood layoutNeighborhood layout
bullbull Future growthFuture growth
Create Meaningful and Evolving Create Meaningful and Evolving Member ProfilesMember Profiles
Why do I need member profilesWhy do I need member profiles
bullbull Provide social contextProvide social context
bullbull Establish unique identitiesEstablish unique identities
bullbull Build trustBuild trust
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
SRI International (SRI International (httpwwwsricompolicyctlhttpwwwsricompolicyctl))bullbull Mission is to transform research into Mission is to transform research into
application application bullbull How to effectively use technologies to support How to effectively use technologies to support
learning were considered to be so important learning were considered to be so important that the Center for Technology in Learning that the Center for Technology in Learning (CTL) was established(CTL) was established
NTIA NTIA -- National Telecommunications and National Telecommunications and Information AssociationInformation Association
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
HUD Networking HUD Networking ((httpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtmlhttpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtml))
bullbull Neighborhood Networks a communityNeighborhood Networks a community--based based program of the US Department of Housing program of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)and Urban Development (HUD)
bullbull In 1995 began with a few HUD community In 1995 began with a few HUD community technology centerstechnology centers
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
Benton Foundation (Benton Foundation (httpwwwbentonorghttpwwwbentonorg))
bullbull Social benefits in use of emerging Social benefits in use of emerging communications communications
bullbull Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital media to engage equip and connect people to media to engage equip and connect people to alleviate social ills alleviate social ills
bullbull Mission To articulate a public interest vision for Mission To articulate a public interest vision for the digital age and to demonstrate the value of the digital age and to demonstrate the value of communications for solving social problemscommunications for solving social problems
Key International ContributorsKey International Contributors
UNESCOUNESCOInternational Research Development International Research Development CenterCenterbullbull Acacia Acacia ndashndash AfricaAfricabullbull SomosSomos TelecentrosTelecentros ndashndash Latin AmericaLatin Americabullbull Pan Asia Networking Pan Asia Networking ndashndash AsiaAsia
International Telecommunications International Telecommunications Union Union
How do youHow do you
Build a Build a
Virtual Virtual
CommunityCommunity
Nine Design StrategiesNine Design Strategies
PurposePurposePlacesPlacesProfilesProfilesRolesRolesLeadershipLeadership
EtiquetteEtiquetteEventsEventsRitualsRitualsSubgroupsSubgroups
What are the building blocks
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Define and Articulate Your PurposeDefine and Articulate Your Purpose
Ask yourself these questionsAsk yourself these questions
bullbull What typeWhat type of community do I want to of community do I want to buildbuild
bullbull WhyWhy am I building itam I building it
bullbull WhoWho am I building it foram I building it for
Build Flexible Extensible Gathering Build Flexible Extensible Gathering PlacesPlaces
What do I need to look out forWhat do I need to look out for
bullbull Communication structureCommunication structure
bullbull Neighborhood layoutNeighborhood layout
bullbull Future growthFuture growth
Create Meaningful and Evolving Create Meaningful and Evolving Member ProfilesMember Profiles
Why do I need member profilesWhy do I need member profiles
bullbull Provide social contextProvide social context
bullbull Establish unique identitiesEstablish unique identities
bullbull Build trustBuild trust
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
HUD Networking HUD Networking ((httpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtmlhttpwwwhudgovnnwnnwindexhtml))
bullbull Neighborhood Networks a communityNeighborhood Networks a community--based based program of the US Department of Housing program of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)and Urban Development (HUD)
bullbull In 1995 began with a few HUD community In 1995 began with a few HUD community technology centerstechnology centers
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
Benton Foundation (Benton Foundation (httpwwwbentonorghttpwwwbentonorg))
bullbull Social benefits in use of emerging Social benefits in use of emerging communications communications
bullbull Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital media to engage equip and connect people to media to engage equip and connect people to alleviate social ills alleviate social ills
bullbull Mission To articulate a public interest vision for Mission To articulate a public interest vision for the digital age and to demonstrate the value of the digital age and to demonstrate the value of communications for solving social problemscommunications for solving social problems
Key International ContributorsKey International Contributors
UNESCOUNESCOInternational Research Development International Research Development CenterCenterbullbull Acacia Acacia ndashndash AfricaAfricabullbull SomosSomos TelecentrosTelecentros ndashndash Latin AmericaLatin Americabullbull Pan Asia Networking Pan Asia Networking ndashndash AsiaAsia
International Telecommunications International Telecommunications Union Union
How do youHow do you
Build a Build a
Virtual Virtual
CommunityCommunity
Nine Design StrategiesNine Design Strategies
PurposePurposePlacesPlacesProfilesProfilesRolesRolesLeadershipLeadership
EtiquetteEtiquetteEventsEventsRitualsRitualsSubgroupsSubgroups
What are the building blocks
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Define and Articulate Your PurposeDefine and Articulate Your Purpose
Ask yourself these questionsAsk yourself these questions
bullbull What typeWhat type of community do I want to of community do I want to buildbuild
bullbull WhyWhy am I building itam I building it
bullbull WhoWho am I building it foram I building it for
Build Flexible Extensible Gathering Build Flexible Extensible Gathering PlacesPlaces
What do I need to look out forWhat do I need to look out for
bullbull Communication structureCommunication structure
bullbull Neighborhood layoutNeighborhood layout
bullbull Future growthFuture growth
Create Meaningful and Evolving Create Meaningful and Evolving Member ProfilesMember Profiles
Why do I need member profilesWhy do I need member profiles
bullbull Provide social contextProvide social context
bullbull Establish unique identitiesEstablish unique identities
bullbull Build trustBuild trust
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Key Contributors Key Contributors (cont)(cont)
Benton Foundation (Benton Foundation (httpwwwbentonorghttpwwwbentonorg))
bullbull Social benefits in use of emerging Social benefits in use of emerging communications communications
bullbull Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital Demonstrates and promotes the use of digital media to engage equip and connect people to media to engage equip and connect people to alleviate social ills alleviate social ills
bullbull Mission To articulate a public interest vision for Mission To articulate a public interest vision for the digital age and to demonstrate the value of the digital age and to demonstrate the value of communications for solving social problemscommunications for solving social problems
Key International ContributorsKey International Contributors
UNESCOUNESCOInternational Research Development International Research Development CenterCenterbullbull Acacia Acacia ndashndash AfricaAfricabullbull SomosSomos TelecentrosTelecentros ndashndash Latin AmericaLatin Americabullbull Pan Asia Networking Pan Asia Networking ndashndash AsiaAsia
International Telecommunications International Telecommunications Union Union
How do youHow do you
Build a Build a
Virtual Virtual
CommunityCommunity
Nine Design StrategiesNine Design Strategies
PurposePurposePlacesPlacesProfilesProfilesRolesRolesLeadershipLeadership
EtiquetteEtiquetteEventsEventsRitualsRitualsSubgroupsSubgroups
What are the building blocks
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Define and Articulate Your PurposeDefine and Articulate Your Purpose
Ask yourself these questionsAsk yourself these questions
bullbull What typeWhat type of community do I want to of community do I want to buildbuild
bullbull WhyWhy am I building itam I building it
bullbull WhoWho am I building it foram I building it for
Build Flexible Extensible Gathering Build Flexible Extensible Gathering PlacesPlaces
What do I need to look out forWhat do I need to look out for
bullbull Communication structureCommunication structure
bullbull Neighborhood layoutNeighborhood layout
bullbull Future growthFuture growth
Create Meaningful and Evolving Create Meaningful and Evolving Member ProfilesMember Profiles
Why do I need member profilesWhy do I need member profiles
bullbull Provide social contextProvide social context
bullbull Establish unique identitiesEstablish unique identities
bullbull Build trustBuild trust
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Key International ContributorsKey International Contributors
UNESCOUNESCOInternational Research Development International Research Development CenterCenterbullbull Acacia Acacia ndashndash AfricaAfricabullbull SomosSomos TelecentrosTelecentros ndashndash Latin AmericaLatin Americabullbull Pan Asia Networking Pan Asia Networking ndashndash AsiaAsia
International Telecommunications International Telecommunications Union Union
How do youHow do you
Build a Build a
Virtual Virtual
CommunityCommunity
Nine Design StrategiesNine Design Strategies
PurposePurposePlacesPlacesProfilesProfilesRolesRolesLeadershipLeadership
EtiquetteEtiquetteEventsEventsRitualsRitualsSubgroupsSubgroups
What are the building blocks
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Define and Articulate Your PurposeDefine and Articulate Your Purpose
Ask yourself these questionsAsk yourself these questions
bullbull What typeWhat type of community do I want to of community do I want to buildbuild
bullbull WhyWhy am I building itam I building it
bullbull WhoWho am I building it foram I building it for
Build Flexible Extensible Gathering Build Flexible Extensible Gathering PlacesPlaces
What do I need to look out forWhat do I need to look out for
bullbull Communication structureCommunication structure
bullbull Neighborhood layoutNeighborhood layout
bullbull Future growthFuture growth
Create Meaningful and Evolving Create Meaningful and Evolving Member ProfilesMember Profiles
Why do I need member profilesWhy do I need member profiles
bullbull Provide social contextProvide social context
bullbull Establish unique identitiesEstablish unique identities
bullbull Build trustBuild trust
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
How do youHow do you
Build a Build a
Virtual Virtual
CommunityCommunity
Nine Design StrategiesNine Design Strategies
PurposePurposePlacesPlacesProfilesProfilesRolesRolesLeadershipLeadership
EtiquetteEtiquetteEventsEventsRitualsRitualsSubgroupsSubgroups
What are the building blocks
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Define and Articulate Your PurposeDefine and Articulate Your Purpose
Ask yourself these questionsAsk yourself these questions
bullbull What typeWhat type of community do I want to of community do I want to buildbuild
bullbull WhyWhy am I building itam I building it
bullbull WhoWho am I building it foram I building it for
Build Flexible Extensible Gathering Build Flexible Extensible Gathering PlacesPlaces
What do I need to look out forWhat do I need to look out for
bullbull Communication structureCommunication structure
bullbull Neighborhood layoutNeighborhood layout
bullbull Future growthFuture growth
Create Meaningful and Evolving Create Meaningful and Evolving Member ProfilesMember Profiles
Why do I need member profilesWhy do I need member profiles
bullbull Provide social contextProvide social context
bullbull Establish unique identitiesEstablish unique identities
bullbull Build trustBuild trust
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Nine Design StrategiesNine Design Strategies
PurposePurposePlacesPlacesProfilesProfilesRolesRolesLeadershipLeadership
EtiquetteEtiquetteEventsEventsRitualsRitualsSubgroupsSubgroups
What are the building blocks
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Define and Articulate Your PurposeDefine and Articulate Your Purpose
Ask yourself these questionsAsk yourself these questions
bullbull What typeWhat type of community do I want to of community do I want to buildbuild
bullbull WhyWhy am I building itam I building it
bullbull WhoWho am I building it foram I building it for
Build Flexible Extensible Gathering Build Flexible Extensible Gathering PlacesPlaces
What do I need to look out forWhat do I need to look out for
bullbull Communication structureCommunication structure
bullbull Neighborhood layoutNeighborhood layout
bullbull Future growthFuture growth
Create Meaningful and Evolving Create Meaningful and Evolving Member ProfilesMember Profiles
Why do I need member profilesWhy do I need member profiles
bullbull Provide social contextProvide social context
bullbull Establish unique identitiesEstablish unique identities
bullbull Build trustBuild trust
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Define and Articulate Your PurposeDefine and Articulate Your Purpose
Ask yourself these questionsAsk yourself these questions
bullbull What typeWhat type of community do I want to of community do I want to buildbuild
bullbull WhyWhy am I building itam I building it
bullbull WhoWho am I building it foram I building it for
Build Flexible Extensible Gathering Build Flexible Extensible Gathering PlacesPlaces
What do I need to look out forWhat do I need to look out for
bullbull Communication structureCommunication structure
bullbull Neighborhood layoutNeighborhood layout
bullbull Future growthFuture growth
Create Meaningful and Evolving Create Meaningful and Evolving Member ProfilesMember Profiles
Why do I need member profilesWhy do I need member profiles
bullbull Provide social contextProvide social context
bullbull Establish unique identitiesEstablish unique identities
bullbull Build trustBuild trust
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Build Flexible Extensible Gathering Build Flexible Extensible Gathering PlacesPlaces
What do I need to look out forWhat do I need to look out for
bullbull Communication structureCommunication structure
bullbull Neighborhood layoutNeighborhood layout
bullbull Future growthFuture growth
Create Meaningful and Evolving Create Meaningful and Evolving Member ProfilesMember Profiles
Why do I need member profilesWhy do I need member profiles
bullbull Provide social contextProvide social context
bullbull Establish unique identitiesEstablish unique identities
bullbull Build trustBuild trust
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Create Meaningful and Evolving Create Meaningful and Evolving Member ProfilesMember Profiles
Why do I need member profilesWhy do I need member profiles
bullbull Provide social contextProvide social context
bullbull Establish unique identitiesEstablish unique identities
bullbull Build trustBuild trust
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Design for a Range of RolesDesign for a Range of RolesMembership Life Cycle Membership Life Cycle ndashndash 5 Key Stages5 Key Stages
Visitors
Novices
Regulars
Leaders
Elders
People without a persistent identity in the community
New members who need to learn the ropes and be introduced to community life
Established members that are comfortably participating in community life
Volunteers contractors and staff that keep the community running
Long-time regulars and leaders who share their knowledge and pass along the culture
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Develop a Strong Leadership Develop a Strong Leadership ProgramProgram
Elder
Regular
Leader
LeadershipRitual
--Community Building on the Web by AJ Kim
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Encourage Appropriate EtiquetteEncourage Appropriate Etiquette
Develop your ground rulesDevelop your ground rules
Enforce your policiesEnforce your policies
Evolve your rulesEvolve your rules
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Promote Cyclical EventsPromote Cyclical Events
Why hold regular eventsWhy hold regular events
bullbull Help define the communityHelp define the community
bullbull Provide connectionintimacy Provide connectionintimacy
bullbull Reinforce your purposes and valuesReinforce your purposes and values
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Integrate the Rituals of Community Integrate the Rituals of Community LifeLife
Rituals are ldquoMoments of BelongingrdquoRituals are ldquoMoments of Belongingrdquo
bullbull When you no longer feel like the When you no longer feel like the newcomer newcomer ndashndash integrated into the integrated into the community community
bullbull When you are greeted by name When you are greeted by name ndashndash bond bond of intimacyof intimacy
bullbull When you act for the good of the whole When you act for the good of the whole not just yourself not just yourself ndashndash community spiritcommunity spirit
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Facilitate MemberFacilitate Member--run Groupsrun Groups
Why do you need subgroupsWhy do you need subgroups
bullbull Helps maintain smallHelps maintain small--town intimacy and town intimacy and sense of belongingsense of belonging
bullbull Helps perpetuate trustHelps perpetuate trust
bullbull Helps likeHelps like--minded people find each minded people find each otherother
bullbull Keeps people involved in the communityKeeps people involved in the community
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Principles of Community BuildingPrinciples of Community Building
Main concepts to keep in mindMain concepts to keep in mind
bullbull Design for growth and changeDesign for growth and change
bullbull Create and maintain feedback loopsCreate and maintain feedback loops
bullbull Empower your members over timeEmpower your members over time
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Major ChallengesMajor Challenges
What are some major challengesWhat are some major challenges
bullbull DistanceDistance
bullbull SizeSize
bullbull AffiliationAffiliation
bullbull Culture Culture
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Four Common MisconceptionsFour Common Misconceptions1 Goals and expectations who needs
them
2 Everyone will want to participate in our online discussion
3 Building and maintaining an online community doesnrsquot take much time or staffing
4 We donrsquot need a promotional strategy for our online community
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
What were some major themesWhat were some major themes
bullbull Must be intentionalMust be intentional
bullbull Relational Relational
bullbull Provide connection despitein spite of Provide connection despitein spite of division for intimacydivision for intimacy
bullbull Come to mutual understanding sharingCome to mutual understanding sharing
bullbull Awareness of the communityAwareness of the community
bullbull Communication is keyCommunication is key
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Community Technology and Virtual Community Technology and Virtual Communities Four Case StudiesCommunities Four Case Studies
bullbull MultipurposeMultipurpose telecentertelecenter project in rural project in rural PhilippinesPhilippines
bullbull OnOn--line network and community technology line network and community technology centers for street kids in Ecuador and Colombiacenters for street kids in Ecuador and Colombia
bullbull Community technology project inCommunity technology project in OrsquoahuOrsquoahu Hawaii Hawaii public housing projectpublic housing project
bullbull OnOn--line network for senior citizens in the United line network for senior citizens in the United StatesStates
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Why these cases
bullComparison and contrast of population served
bullComparison and contrast of community types and settings
bullLessons learned across borders and cultures (comparative studies)
bullOverview of variety of CTCvirtual network evolution and interfaces
bullParallels with Whitefield Community Center
bullProvide examples of interface or ldquoshellrdquo prototypes
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Voices from Overseas
ldquo I donrsquot know what the Internet is or how it works but it is changing our livesrdquo A village chief in Cambodia
ldquoWe must recognize that Information Technology is here to stay What we have to decide is whether we play the game and turn it to our advantage or lose out completelyrdquoFarma Alloo Founder Tanzania Media Womenrsquos Association
ldquoTrying to get information from the Internet is like drinking from a firehose mdash you donrsquot even know what the source of the water isrdquo Anonymous
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Connecting People and Organizations for Rural Development througConnecting People and Organizations for Rural Development through h Multipurpose Community Multipurpose Community TelecentersTelecentersFounded by Pan Asia Networking 1999Founded by Pan Asia Networking 1999
Support of community ability to pay for use maintenance of equipment availability of skilled personnel availability of management (council or high school)
Factors for success sustainability
Center Internet linkage accessible information from service providers also via CDs and printed materials TVVHS recorder (already has telephone and fax service) Center will serve as libraryDonor will provide equipment training work with information providers
Services provided
Town meetingsworkshops conducted with stakeholders in each community to identify needs and media preferences
Methodology
bullFour pilot centers in rural townships on Mindanao Island PhilippinesbullMostly Rice farmers fishermanbullAlso involved teachers health workers local officialsbullInfo needs commodity prices finding and buying equipment and supplies weather conditions operating cooperatives maternal and child care scholarship opportunities access government agencies
Community Profile Needs
Helping rural communities achieve self reliance and gain access to information and means of communicating their own views on development issues
Project Mission
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Community Telecenter in Philippines
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
The Street Childrenrsquos The Street Childrenrsquos TelecenterTelecenter Projects in Ecuador and ColombiaProjects in Ecuador and ColombiaProyectoProyecto SalesianoSalesiano ChicosChicos de La de La CalleCalle in in EsmeraldesEsmeraldes Ecuador (2001) Ecuador (2001)
Technical support skilled personnel adequate infrastructure and maintenance targeted educational methodologies and programs community access and involvement longer term funding through grants fees subsidies
Factors for success sustainability
bullTwo classrooms (church and school based) Computer training and peerteacher training basic education medical care job skills drug use prevention a structured environmentbullStreet Children portal and network focused on street kids to be expanded throughout Latin America
Services provided
Continuous observation evaluation and sharing of information with network of agencies and foundations Detailed planning and reporting
Methodology
600 boysgirls and teenagers at risk from eight poor neighborhoods of EsmeraldesSurvival is a daily struggle food medical care shelter access to education Youth often engage in prostitution crime drugs violence
Community Profile Needs
Explore the ways the Internet can be used to exchange knowledge and experiences in order to help street children solve their problems and create opportunities for a better life
Project Mission
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project Community Technology and Lifelong Learning Project KalihiKalihi OrsquoahuOrsquoahuFunded by grant from Funded by grant from WorldcomWorldcom Campus Contact and Brown University (1997) Campus Contact and Brown University (1997)
Involvement and commitment of community technology leaders involvement of students
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Community website assistance on-line tutorials cultural and interest- focused content Also tutoring services in basic computer skills Social services at centers include teen leadership elder immigrant services after school enrichment
Services providedServices provided
Two community technology leaders from partner communities work with university students to identify needs develop skills maintain facilities and plan programs
MethodologyMethodology
2000 children and adults in Kuhio Park Terrace the largest public housing project in the State of Hawaii 61 of units are occupied by single mothers and their children Needs include literacy senior services basic education economic opportunities drug and crime prevention
Community Profile Community Profile NeedsNeeds
Create partnerships between community members and students to help local communities become more knowledgeable and self determined in their use of computers and information technology
Project MissionProject Mission
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Kidrsquos Web Page Kuhio Community Site
Community Technology Leaders and University of Hawaii students
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
SeniorNetSeniorNetNational nonNational non--profit located in San Franciscoprofit located in San Francisco
Partnering with EPartnering with E--Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995Bay IBM and Charles Schwab Foundations 1995
New IBM Internet Accessibility Gateway project making web viewing more accessible to seniors Membership fees and corporate sponsorship
Factors for success Factors for success sustainabilitysustainability
Classes guides and tutorials on various subjects E-newsletters Forums for information sharing and discussion On-line projects and web space for self expression Links with schools and community organizations Over 200 learning centers throughout USA
Services providedServices provided
Original research project by Markle Foundation in 1986 to determine if computers and telecommunication could enhance the lives of older adults
MethodologyMethodology
35 million people aged 65 or older in the United States 13 have Internet access Needs include continuing education emotional and physical support access to information and resources orientation to use of technology
Community Profile NeedsCommunity Profile Needs
Provide older adults with computer education and access to computers and the Internet in order to enrich their lives and enable them to share their knowledge and wisdom with the world
Project MissionProject Mission
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Family Web Pages
Discussion Forum
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Bridging Themes USA and InternationalWhat does it take to make it work
bullSynergy with partnering organizations that offer a range of services that meet clientsrsquo needs (education health government services)
bullSharing accessible infrastructure with other community service organizations (schools libraries calling centers community centers)
bullCommunity involvement in content development and choice of media that meets their needs and is culturally appropriate
bullCommon challenge of sustainability funding training skilled personnel equipment maintenance (PC graveyards) community support
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Community Community TechnologyTechnology
Creating community defined and culturally Creating community defined and culturally appropriate contentappropriate contentOvercoming literacy and language barriersOvercoming literacy and language barriersDeveloping economically Developing economically sutainable sutainable modelsmodelsCreating synergy with partnering agencies and Creating synergy with partnering agencies and organizationsorganizationsEngaging community involvement and supportEngaging community involvement and supportDeveloping technology leadership at the Developing technology leadership at the community levelcommunity level
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Research Questions Research Questions ndashndash Virtual Virtual CommunitiesCommunities
Need more details of ethnographic Need more details of ethnographic studies of virtual communitiesstudies of virtual communitiesNeed more surveys of who is connected Need more surveys of who is connected to whom and about whatto whom and about whatNeed more ideas of time budget Need more ideas of time budget accounts of how many people spend accounts of how many people spend what amount of hours virtually what amount of hours virtually communingcommuningNeed mechanisms to overcome a new Need mechanisms to overcome a new userrsquos fears intimidationsperceptionsuserrsquos fears intimidationsperceptions
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
How does Community Technology How does Community Technology relate to Instructional Designrelate to Instructional Design
How do Virtual Communities relate to How do Virtual Communities relate to Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
Community Technology Virtual Community Technology Virtual Communities and Instructional DesignCommunities and Instructional Design
Content
Shell
CommunityADDIE ProcessAnalysisDesignDevelopmentImplementationEvaluation
Looking down into the spiralCopyright copy 2002 ndash AC SP MS
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
ReferencesReferencesKimAJ (2000) KimAJ (2000) Community building on the webCommunity building on the web Peachpit Peachpit PressPress
Miller P (2000) Miller P (2000) CTCNetCTCNet the community technology movement and the community technology movement and the prospects for democracy in America In the prospects for democracy in America In GursteinGurstein M M Community Community informatics Enabling communities with information and informatics Enabling communities with information and communications technologiescommunications technologies (pp190(pp190--212) Idea Group Publishing212) Idea Group Publishing
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
Wellman B Wellman B GuliaGulia M Virtual communities as communities (pp167 M Virtual communities as communities (pp167--194)194)
Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Wenger E McDermott R Snyder W (2002) Cultivating Cultivating communities of practicecommunities of practice Boston Harvard Business School Press Boston Harvard Business School Press
Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Stanley L (2001) UCSD Civic Collaborative Paper on Beyond Access 2001 San Diego Digital Divide StudyAccess 2001 San Diego Digital Divide Study
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
References (cont)References (cont)httphttp wwwwwwseniornetseniornetorgorghttpwwwhttpwwwcdscdshawaiihawaiiedueducreatingfuturescreatingfutureskctckctchttpwwwhttpwwwidrcidrccacahttpwwwhttpwwwunescounescoorgorgwebworldwebworldtelematicstelematicstelecentretelecentrehtmhtmhttpwwwhttpwwwpanasiapanasiaorgorgsgsgaboutabouthttpwwwhttpwwwchasquinetchasquinetorgorgnosotrosnosotroshtmlhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwnaimacomcommunitych01indexhtmlhttpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwwwpewinternetorgreportstocaspReport=47httpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwebmitedusapwwwcolloquium96papers15beamishhtmlhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwww2edcorgCCTcctwebpublicincludepdf04_2001pdfhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwchildrenspartnershiporgpublow_incomeindexhtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtmlhttpwwwbentonorgPracticeCommunityassumptionshtml
