Chem Inv Project

7/25/2019 Chem Inv Project

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INRODUCTION

Diffusion

is the net movement of molecules or atoms froma region of high concentrationto a region of lowconcentration. This is also referred to as the movement ofa substance down a concentration gradient. A gradientisthe change in the value of a quantity with the change inanother variable (usually distance). For example, achange in concentration over a distance is called aconcentration gradient, a change in pressure over a

distance is called a pressure gradient, and a change intemperature over a distance is a called a temperaturegradient.

f a solid is !ept in contact with an excess of solvent inwhich it is soluble, some portion of the solid getsdissolved. "e !now that this process is !nown asdissolution of a solid in liquid and this process has ta!en

place due to the di#usion of solid particles into liquid.

$olecules of solute are in constant random motion due tothe collision between molecules of solute and that of thesolvent.

%b&ective

The rate of di#usion depends on'
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration_gradienthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradienthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distancehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_gradienthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_gradienthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_gradienthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration_gradienthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradienthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distancehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_gradienthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_gradienthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_gradienthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration


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) Temperature as temperature increases, the !inetic

energy of the particles increases so the speed of

the particles also increases which thus leads to the

increase in the rate of di#usion.*) +ie of particles as the sie of particles increases

rate of di#usion decreases.-) $ass of the particles as the mass of the particle

increases, the rate of di#usion increases.) /et movementin each substance, it is surrounded

by random molecular motion. /et movement of

each substance involves passive transport. t is

down its own concentration gradient.0) At equilibrium, random molecular motion continues

but there is no longer any net movement.

1xperiment

A$'

+tudy of di#usion when copper sulphate (solid) is

brought in contact with water (liquid).

213421$1/T+'

) copper sulphate crystals*) ooml bea!er

52%617421'


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) 8ets us ta!e about *g of copper sulphate crystals

in 99ml bea!er.*) Then we will add about 09ml of water and allow it

to stand for few minutes.-) The development of blue color in water can be

noted.) The bea!er is allowed to stand further till it is

observed that all the copper sulphate disappears.0) The blue color change in water can be noted.

6%/684+%/'

"hen solids are brought in contact with liquids di#usion ta!es

place.

1xperiment *

A$'

To study the e#ect of temperature on the rate of di#usion

of solids in liquids.

213421$1/T+'

) 6opper sulphate crystals*) *99ml bea!er-) "atch glass) "ire gauge0) :urner

;) Tripod stand


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) About 0g of copper sulphate crystals are ta!en in each of the

three bea!ers.*) 99ml of distilled water is slowly poured in one of the

bea!ers.

-) The above bea!er is covered with a watch glass.) 99ml of cold water is poured in the second bea!er slowly.0) The third bea!er containing 99ml of water is placed on

tripod stand for heating.;) The di#usion process ta!ing place in each of the bea!ers is

observed.AT%/+'

+8 /%. Temperature ofwater

Time ta!en in

minutes

*0?c 0 min

* 9?c *9 min

-


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1xperiment -

A$'

To study the e#ect of sie of particles on the rate of

di#usion of solids in liquids.

52%617421'

) 0g each of big sied, medium sied, small

sied crystals of copper sulphate are ta!en

and added separately three cylinders.*) 09ml of water is added to each of the three

cylinders.-) They are allowed to stand for sometimes.) The time ta!en for the blue color to reach

any xed mar! in each of the cylinders is

noted and the observations are made.

%:+12>AT%/+'

+8 /% 6rystal sie Time ta!en inminutes

:ig *9 min


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* $edium 0 min

- +mall 9 min

6%/684+%/'

+mall particles undergo di#usion more quic!ly than

bigger particles.

nterference

"hen solids such as copper sulphate,

potassium permanganate are brought in

contact with liquid such as water, intermixing

of the substances, i.e. di#usion ta!es place.

The rate of di#usion varies directly with

temperature.


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+mall particles undergo di#usion more quic!ly

than bigger particles.

:ibliography

) "i!ipedia*) 6hemistry practical-) "ebsites

a) 5ro&ect.icbse.comb) 1n.wi!ipedia.orgBwi!iBdi#usion


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Ac!nowledgement

"ords fail to express my heartfelt gratitude and

indebtedness to my teacher, $r. 2a&endra +hah, for his

able guidance, relentless e#orts and constructive council.

express my sincere sense of reverence to our 5rincipal,

$rs. Anuradha 2a!shit for her moral as well as technical

support motivation throughout the course of my

investigation.

am grateful to the entire Department of Chemistry

for their encouragement and assistance during the course

of experimentation.

express my profound sense of gratitude to my parents

for their help, assistance and cooperation.

Signature of the student


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BONAFIED CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Sakti Swarup Sarangi of DelhiPublic School, Kalinga belonging to class XII D, Roll

no...

has successfully subitte! the pro"ect on # The stu!y

of Diffusion of soli!s in li$ui!s% for the partial

fulfillent of the re$uireent of the &ISS'( syllabus.

This ebo!ies the original work !one by the stu!ent

un!er the super)ision of the !epartent of cheistry.

Signature of the internal Signature of the e*ternal


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Inference

9ibliography

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