sambit chem project (print).pptx

8/14/2019 sambit chem project (print).pptx

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INVESTIGATORY PROJECTDetermination Of The Contents Of

Cold Drinks

PROJECT BY:Sambit Kumar JenaRoll Number : 16Class : XII-B


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COMPARITIVE STUDY AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF

DIFFERENT BRANDS OF COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE INMARKET.

AIM


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CERTIFICATE

This is hereby to certify that, the original and genuineinvestigation work has been carried out to investigateabout the subject matter and the related datacollection and investigation has been completed

solely, sincerely and satisfactorily by SAMBIT Of CLASSXII B, Kendriya Vidyalaya No.1 NausenabaughVisakhapatnam-530 005 , regarding his project titledDetermination of the Contents of Cold Drinks.

Teachers Signature


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PURPOSE

In recent days, soft drink brands were put into variousquestions regarding their purity. News flashed that theycontain harmful pesticide, which arouse many interest in

knowing its contents because I have been drinking themfor years. I wanted to confirm that whether the chargeimposed on these brands are true or not.Another fact which inspired me to do this project isthat I am in touch with qualitative analysis whoseknowledge with other factors helped me to do so.


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CONTENTS

I. IntroductionII. TheoryIII. ApparatusIV. Chemicals Required

V. Detection of pHVI. Test for Carbon DioxideVII. Test for GlucoseVIII. Test for PhosphateIX. Test for AlcoholX. Test for SucroseXI. Result

XII. Conclusion


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I. INTRODUCTIONThe era of cold drinks began in 1952 but the

industrialization in India marked its beginning withlaunching of Limca and Goldspot by parley group ofcompanies. Since, the beginning of cold drinks was highlyprofitable and luring, many multinational companieslaunched their brands in India like Pepsi and Coke.Now days, it is observed in general that majority of peopleviewed Sprite, Miranda, and Limca to give feeling of

lightness, while Pepsi and Thumps Up to activate pulseand brain.


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II. THEORYCold drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol,

carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, phosphate ions etc. Thesesoft drinks give feeling of warmth, lightness and have atangy taste which is liked by everyone. Carbon dioxide isresponsible for the formation of froth on shaking the

bottle.The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water to formcarbonic acid which is also responsible for the tangy taste.Carbohydrates are the naturally occurring organiccompounds and are major source of energy to our body.General formula of arbohydrates is C X (H2O)Y.On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates areclassified as:-Monosaccharide, Disaccharides and Polysaccharides.


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Glucose is a monosaccharide with formula C 6H12O6 .It occurs in Free State in the ripen grapes in bones and alsoin many sweet fruits. It is also present in human blood tothe extent of about 0.1%. Sucrose is one of the most usefuldisaccharides in our daily life. It is widely distributed innature in juices, seeds and also in flowers of many plants.The main source of sucrose is sugar cane juice whichcontain 15-20 % sucrose and sugar beet which has about10-17 % sucrose. The molecular formula of sucrose isC12H22O11 . It is produced by a mixture of glucose and

fructose. It is non-reducing in nature whereas glucose isreducing. Cold drinks are a bit acidic in nature and theiracidity can be measured by finding their pH value. The pHvalues also depend upon the acidic contents such as citric

acid and phosphoric acid.


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III. APPARATUS

Test Tube Test Tube Holder

Test Tube Stand Stop Watch

Beaker Burner pH Paper Tripod Stand China Dish Wire Gauge Water Bath


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IV. CHEMICALS REQUIRED

Iodine Solution Potassium Iodide Sodium Hydroxide

Fehlings A & B Solution Lime Water Concentrated HNO 3 Benedict Solution

Ammonium Molybdate


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V. DETECTION OF PH

EXPERIMENT Small samples of cold drinks of different brands weretaken in a test tube and put on the pH paper. The change

in the colour of pH paper was noticed and was comparedwith the standard pH scale.


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INFERENCE

OBSERVATION SR. NO. NAME OF THE DRINK COLOUR

CHANGEpH VALUE

1. COCA COLA

2. SPRITE

3. LIMCA

4. FANTA

Soft drinks are generally acidic because of the presence ofcitric acid and phosphoric acid. pH values of cold drink ofdifferent brands are different due to the variation inamount of acidic contents.


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VI. TEST FOR CARBONDIOXIDE

As soon as the bottles were opened, one by one thesample was passed through lime water. The lime waterturned milky.

OBSERVATON

EXPERIMENT

SR. NO. NAME OF THE DRINK TIME TAKEN (SECONDS) CONCLUSION

1. COCA COLA2. SPRITE

3. LIMCA

4. FANTA


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INFERENCE

CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED

All the soft drinks contain dissolved carbon dioxide inwater. The carbon dioxide (CO 2) dissolves in water to formcarbonic acid, which is responsible for its tangy taste.

Ca(OH)2(s) + CO2(g) CaCO3(s) + H2O(s)


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VII. TEST FOR GLUCOSE

EXPERIMENT

Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is detectedby the following test:-

1. BENEDICTSS REAGENT TEST:- Small samples of cold drinks of different brands weretaken in a test tube and a few drops of Benedicts reagent

were added. The test tube was heated for few seconds.Formation of reddish colour confirmed the presence ofglucose in cold drinks.


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INFERENCE

OBSERVATON

All the samples gave positive test for glucose with

Benedicts reagent. Hence all the drinks contain glucose.

SR. NO. NAME OF THE DRINK OBSERATION CONCLUSION

1. COCA COLA

2. SPRITE

3. LIMCA

4. FANTA


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2. FEHLINGS SOLUTION TEST Small samples of cold drinks of different brands weretaken in a test tube and a few drops of Fehlings Asolution and Fehlings B solution was added in equalamount. The test tube was heated in a water bath for 10minutes. Appearance of brown precipitate confirmed thepresence of glucose in cold drinks.


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OBSERVATON

SR. NO. NAME OF THE DRINK OBSERATION CONCLUSION

1. COCA COLA

2. SPRITE

3. LIMCA

4. FANTA

INFERENCE All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Fehlings(A & B) solutions. Hence all the cold drinks contain

glucose.


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VIII. TEST FOR PHOSPHATEEXPERIMENT

Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken inseparate test tubes and Ammonium Molybdate followedby concentrated Nitric Acid (HNO 3) was added to it. Thesolution was heated. Appearance of canary-yellowprecipitate confirmed the presence of phosphate ions in

cold drinks.


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OBSERVATON SR. NO. NAME OF THE DRINK OBSERATION CONCLUSION

1. COCA COLA

2. SPRITE

3. LIMCA

4. FANTA

NaHPO4 + 12(NH 4)2MoO 4 + 21HNO 3 + 3H+ (NH4)3PO4.12MoO 3 + 21HN4NO3 + 12H2O

INFERENCEAll the soft drinks samples gave positive test for phosphateions. Hence all the cold drinks contain phosphate.

CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED


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IX. TEST FOR ALCOHOLEXPERIMENT

Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken inseparate test tubes and Iodine followed by PotassiumIodide and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution was added

to each test tube. Then the test tubes were heated in hotwater bath for 30 minutes. Appearance of yellow colouredprecipitate confirmed the presence of alcohol in colddrinks


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1. COCA COLA

2. SPRITE

3. LIMCA

4. FANTA

INFERENCE

All the cold drinks samples gave positive test for alcohol.Hence all the cold drinks contain glucose.

CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED CH3CH2OH + 4I2 + 6NaOH CHI3 + HCOONa + 5NaI + 5H 2O


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X. TEST FOR SUCROSE

EXPERIMENT 5 ml samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken inseparate china dishes and were heated very strongly until

changes occur. Black coloured residue left confirmed thepresence of sucrose in cold drinks.


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All the brands of cold drinks contain sucrose. But amountof sucrose varies in each brand of drink. Fanta containshighest amount of sucrose.

INFERENCE


1. COCA COLA

2. SPRITE

3. LIMCA

4. FANTA


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XI. RESULT

After conducting several tests, it was concluded that thedifferent brands of cold drinks namely:1. Coca Cola2. Sprite

3. Limca4. Fanta

All contains glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate andcarbon dioxide. All cold drinks are acidic in nature. Oncomparing the pH value of different brands Coca Cola isthe most acidic and Limca is least acidic of all the fourbrands taken.


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XII. CONCLUSIONDIS-ADVANTAGES OF COLD DRINKS

1. Soft drinks are little more harmful than sugar solution. Asthey contain sugar in large amount which cause problems indiabetes patients.2. Soft drinks can cause weight gain as they interfere with thebodys natural ability to suppress hunger feeling. 3. Soft drinks have ability to dissolve the calcium so they arealso harmful for our bones.4. Soft drinks contain phosphoric acid which has a pH of 2.8.So they can dissolve a nail in about 4 days.5. For transportation of soft drinks syrup the commercial truckmust use the hazardous matter place cards reserved for highlyconsive material.6. Soft drinks have also ability to remove blood so they arevery harmful to our body.


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USES OF COLD DRINKS

1. Cold drinks can be used as toilet cleaners.2. They can remove rust spots from chrome car humpers.3. They clean corrosion from car battery terminals.4. Soft drinks are used as an excellent detergent to

remove grease from clothes.5. They can loose a rusted bolt.


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BOOKS:

LABORATORY MANUAL OF CHEMISTRYBY- VEENA SURI

DINESH COMPANION CHEMISTRY

BY- S.K. MALHOTRA

WEBSITES:1. www.icbse.com 2. www.google.co.in /url?sa=t&rct=j&q=chemistry+investigatory+projects+class+12th+cbse&source3. www.wikipedia.com

BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.icbse.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.icbse.com/

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sambit chem project (print).pptx