Chapter 13 – The Nervous System: Neural Tissue

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The Nervous System / Clinical

Correlatives

Cellular Organization

in Neural Tissue

Neural Regeneration

The Nerve Impulse and

Synaptic Communication

Neuron Organization &

Processing / Anatomical

Organization

FINAL ROUND

Topic 1:

$100 Question

Which of the following receptors monitor the position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints?

a. exteroceptors

b. interoceptors

c. proprioceptors

d. neuroeffectorsBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 1:

$100 Answer

Which of the following receptors monitor the position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints?

a. exteroceptors

b. interoceptors

c. proprioceptors

d. neuroeffectorsBACK TO GAME

Topic 1:

$200 Question

Which of the following divisions carries motor commands to muscles and glands?

a. the afferent division of the central nervous system

b. the afferent division of the peripheral nervous system

c. the efferent division of the central nervous system

d. the efferent division of the peripheral nervous system

BACK TO GAMEANSWER

Topic 1:

$200 Answer

Which of the following divisions carries motor commands to muscles and glands?

a. the afferent division of the central nervous system

b. the afferent division of the peripheral nervous system

c. the efferent division of the central nervous system

d. the efferent division of the peripheral nervous system

BACK TO GAME

Topic 1:

$300 Question

Which of the following statements is/are false?

a. The nervous system includes all of the nervous tissue in the body, including the nerves which link the nervous system with other tissues.

b. The peripheral nervous system begins as a mass of neural tissue organized into a hollow tube early in development.

c. The afferent division of the peripheral nervous system brings sensory information to the central nervous system.

d. a and bBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 1:

$300 Answer

Which of the following statements is/are false?

a. The nervous system includes all of the nervous tissue in the body, including the nerves which link the nervous system with other tissues.

b. The peripheral nervous system begins as a mass of neural tissue organized into a hollow tube early in development.

c. The afferent division of the peripheral nervous system brings sensory information to the central nervous system.

d. a and bBACK TO GAME

Topic 1:

$400 Question

Visceral sensory receptors are part of which of the following?

a. efferent division of the peripheral nervous system

b. afferent division of the somatic nervous system

c. afferent division of the peripheral nervous system

d. afferent division of the central nervous system

BACK TO GAMEANSWER

Topic 1:

$400 Answer

Visceral sensory receptors are part of which of the following?

a. efferent division of the peripheral nervous system

b. afferent division of the somatic nervous system

c. afferent division of the peripheral nervous system

d. afferent division of the central nervous system

BACK TO GAME

Topic 1:

$500 Question

Which of the following structures provide pressure, pain, and temperature sensations?

a. special sensory receptors

b. visceral sensory receptors

c. sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

d. somatic sensory receptorsBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 1:

$500 Answer

Which of the following structures provide pressure, pain, and temperature sensations?

a. special sensory receptors

b. visceral sensory receptors

c. sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

d. somatic sensory receptorsBACK TO GAME

Topic 2:

$100 Question

Sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system are usually:

a. multipolar

b. anaxonic

c. pseudounipolar

d. bipolarBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 2:

$100 Answer

Sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system are usually:

a. multipolar

b. anaxonic

c. pseudounipolar

d. bipolarBACK TO GAME

Topic 2:

$200 Question

Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes?

a. perform repairs in damaged neural tissue

b. guide neuron developmentc. produce myelin, which wraps axons

and functions as an insulatord. maintain the blood-brain barrier

BACK TO GAMEANSWER

Topic 2:

$200 Answer

Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes?

a. perform repairs in damaged neural tissue

b. guide neuron developmentc. produce myelin, which wraps axons

and functions as an insulatord. maintain the blood-brain barrier

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Topic 2:

$300 Question

The stem cells that produce _____ are related to the stem cells that produce tissue macrophages and monocytes of the blood.

a. oligodendrocytesb. ependymal cellsc. astrocytesd. microglia

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 2:

$300 Answer

The stem cells that produce _____ are related to the stem cells that produce tissue macrophages and monocytes of the blood.

a. oligodendrocytesb. ependymal cellsc. astrocytesd. microglia

BACK TO GAME

Topic 2:

$400 Question

Most neurons lack which of the following structures, which are lost during differentiation?

a. neurofilaments

b. centrosome complex

c. mitochondria

d. chromatophilic substanceBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 2:

$400 Answer

Most neurons lack which of the following structures, which are lost during differentiation?

a. neurofilaments

b. centrosome complex

c. mitochondria

d. chromatophilic substanceBACK TO GAME

Topic 2:

$500 Question

“Preganglionic fibers” go:

a. from somatic motor neurons to skeletal muscle fibers.

b. from visceral motor neurons in the central nervous system to visceral motor neurons in peripheral motor ganglia.

c. from sensory neurons in peripheral ganglia to exteroceptors and interoceptors.

d. from visceral motor neurons in peripheral motor ganglia to visceral effectors.

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 2:

$500 Answer

“Preganglionic fibers” go:

a. from somatic motor neurons to skeletal muscle fibers.

b. from visceral motor neurons in the central nervous system to visceral motor neurons in peripheral motor ganglia.

c. from sensory neurons in peripheral ganglia to exteroceptors and interoceptors.

d. from visceral motor neurons in peripheral motor ganglia to visceral effectors.

BACK TO GAME

Topic 3:

$100 Question

Which cells participate in the repair of damaged cells in the peripheral nervous system, by forming a solid cellular cord that follows the path of the original axon?

a. Schwann cellsb. oligodendrocytesc. satellite cellsd. ependymal cells

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 3:

$100 Answer

Which cells participate in the repair of damaged cells in the peripheral nervous system, by forming a solid cellular cord that follows the path of the original axon?

a. Schwann cellsb. oligodendrocytesc. satellite cellsd. ependymal cells

BACK TO GAME

Topic 3:

$200 Question

Limited regeneration occurs in the central nervous system, partially due to the fact that scar tissue is formed by which of the following glial cells?

a. ependymal cellsb. microgliac. oligodendrocytesd. astrocytes

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 3:

$200 Answer

Limited regeneration occurs in the central nervous system, partially due to the fact that scar tissue is formed by which of the following glial cells?

a. ependymal cellsb. microgliac. oligodendrocytesd. astrocytes

BACK TO GAME

Topic 3:

$300 Question

Which of the following occurs in the neuron cell body following injury?

a. The mitochondria increase as more ATP is needed for cellular repair.

b. The chromatophilic substance disappears and the nucleus moves away from its centralized location.

c. The chromatophilic substance increases, and the nucleus moves away from its centralized location.

d. The plasmalemma thickens as the neuron prepares for repair.

BACK TO GAMEANSWER

Topic 3:

$300 Answer

Which of the following occurs in the neuron cell body following injury?

a. The mitochondria increase as more ATP is needed for cellular repair.

b. The chromatophilic substance disappears and the nucleus moves away from its centralized location.

c. The chromatophilic substance increases, and the nucleus moves away from its centralized location.

d. The plasmalemma thickens as the neuron prepares for repair.

BACK TO GAME

Topic 3:

$400 Question

Which of the following statements regarding peripheral nerve regeneration is false?

a. If the axon has been cut, new axons may begin to emerge from the proximal end of the cut within a few hours.

b. In crushing or tearing injuries, the distal end of the damaged axon will die and regress for 1 cm or more.

c. Schwann cells in the area of damage may divide and will release growth factors to promote axonal regrowth.

d. b and cBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 3:

$400 Answer

Which of the following statements regarding peripheral nerve regeneration is false?

a. If the axon has been cut, new axons may begin to emerge from the proximal end of the cut within a few hours.

b. In crushing or tearing injuries, the distal end of the damaged axon will die and regress for 1 cm or more.

c. Schwann cells in the area of damage may divide and will release growth factors to promote axonal regrowth.

d. b and cBACK TO GAME

Topic 3:

$500 Question

Which of the following is the correct order of steps involved in the repair of a peripheral nerve by the process of Wallerian degeneration?1 – The axon sends buds into the network of Schwann cells and starts growing along a cord of Schwann cells.2 – Fragmentation of the axon and myelin occurs in distal stump.3 – The axon grows into distal stump and is enfolded by Schwann cells.4 – Schwann cells form a cord, grow into the cut, and unite the stumps. Macrophages engulf the degenerating axon and myelin.

a. 2-4-1-3b. 2-1-4-3c. 3-1-4-2d. 4-1-3-2

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 3:

$500 Answer

Which of the following is the correct order of steps involved in the repair of a peripheral nerve by the process of Wallerian degeneration?1 – The axon sends buds into the network of Schwann cells and starts growing along a cord of Schwann cells.2 – Fragmentation of the axon and myelin occurs in distal stump.3 – The axon grows into distal stump and is enfolded by Schwann cells.4 – Schwann cells form a cord, grow into the cut, and unite the stumps. Macrophages engulf the degenerating axon and myelin.

a. 2-4-1-3b. 2-1-4-3c. 3-1-4-2d. 4-1-3-2

BACK TO GAME

Topic 4:

$100 Question

A synapse between neurons may involve a synaptic terminal and which of the following structures?

a. a dendrite

b. an axon

c. a cell body

d. All of the above.BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 4:

$100 Answer

A synapse between neurons may involve a synaptic terminal and which of the following structures?

a. a dendrite

b. an axon

c. a cell body

d. All of the above.BACK TO GAME

Topic 4:

$200 Question

Nerve impulses would travel most quickly through axons of which of the following characteristics?

a. 0.5 μm diameter, unmyelinated

b. 20 μm diameter, myelinated

c. 20 μm diameter, unmyelinated

d. 15 μm diameter, myelinatedBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 4:

$200 Answer

Nerve impulses would travel most quickly through axons of which of the following characteristics?

a. 0.5 μm diameter, unmyelinated

b. 20 μm diameter, myelinated

c. 20 μm diameter, unmyelinated

d. 15 μm diameter, myelinatedBACK TO GAME

Topic 4:

$300 Question

Which of the following statements regarding synaptic communication is/are false?

a. Receptor binding results in a change in permeability of the presynaptic membrane.

b. The result of receptor binding may be excitatory or inhibitory.

c. There may be thousands of synapses on the cell body of a single neuron.

d. a and cBACK TO GAMEANSWER

Topic 4:

$300 Answer

Which of the following statements regarding synaptic communication is/are false?

a. Receptor binding results in a change in permeability of the presynaptic membrane.

b. The result of receptor binding may be excitatory or inhibitory.

c. There may be thousands of synapses on the cell body of a single neuron.

d. a and cBACK TO GAME

Topic 4:

$400 Question

After the threshold level has been reached in the axolemma of most neurons, the membrane permeability to which ions changes?

a. calcium and potassiumb. sodium and phosphatec. sodium and potassiumd. calcium and phosphate

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 4:

$400 Answer

After the threshold level has been reached in the axolemma of most neurons, the membrane permeability to which ions changes?

a. calcium and potassiumb. sodium and phosphatec. sodium and potassiumd. calcium and phosphate

BACK TO GAME

Topic 4:

$500 Question

Which of the following statements regarding vesicular synapses is/are false?

a. They are by far the most abundant type of synapses.

b. A neuromuscular synapse is an example of a vesicular synapse.

c. Vesicular synapses are also termed electrical synapses.

d. b and cBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 4:

$500 Answer

Which of the following statements regarding vesicular synapses is/are false?

a. They are by far the most abundant type of synapses.

b. A neuromuscular synapse is an example of a vesicular synapse.

c. Vesicular synapses are also termed electrical synapses.

d. b and cBACK TO GAME

Topic 5:

$100 Question

Which of the following neural circuits is characterized by a system where information is relayed in a stepwise sequence, from one neuron to another, or from one neural pool to the next?

a. convergence

b. divergence

c. parallel processing

d. serial processingBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 5:

$100 Answer

Which of the following neural circuits is characterized by a system where information is relayed in a stepwise sequence, from one neuron to another, or from one neural pool to the next?

a. convergence

b. divergence

c. parallel processing

d. serial processingBACK TO GAME

Topic 5:

$200 Question

Some neural circuits utilize positive feedback to produce which of the following?

a. reverberation

b. serial processing

c. convergence

d. divergenceBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 5:

$200 Answer

Some neural circuits utilize positive feedback to produce which of the following?

a. reverberation

b. serial processing

c. convergence

d. divergenceBACK TO GAME

Topic 5:

$300 Question

Tracts in the spinal cord from larger groups are called which of the following?

a. pathways

b. nuclei

c. nerves

d. columnsBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 5:

$300 Answer

Tracts in the spinal cord from larger groups are called which of the following?

a. pathways

b. nuclei

c. nerves

d. columnsBACK TO GAME

Topic 5:

$400 Question

In the central nervous system, a collection of neuron cell bodies with a common function, and with a discrete anatomical boundary, is called a:

a. ganglion.b. nucleus.c. nerve.d. center.

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 5:

$400 Answer

In the central nervous system, a collection of neuron cell bodies with a common function, and with a discrete anatomical boundary, is called a:

a. ganglion.b. nucleus.c. nerve.d. center.

BACK TO GAME

Topic 5:

$500 Question

Which of the following statements regarding “reverberation” in neural circuits is false?

a. Complex examples of reverberation may be involved in the maintenance of consciousness, muscular coordination, and normal breathing patterns.

b. Reverberation circuits use negative feedback to function, in which collateral axons extend back toward the source of an impulse and further stimulate the presynaptic neurons.

c. Once a reverberating circuit has been activated, it will continue to function until synaptic fatigue or inhibitory stimuli break the cycle.

d. None of the above is false.

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 5:

$500 Answer

Which of the following statements regarding “reverberation” in neural circuits is false?

a. Complex examples of reverberation may be involved in the maintenance of consciousness, muscular coordination, and normal breathing patterns.

b. Reverberation circuits use negative feedback to function, in which collateral axons extend back toward the source of an impulse and further stimulate the presynaptic neurons.

c. Once a reverberating circuit has been activated, it will continue to function until synaptic fatigue or inhibitory stimuli break the cycle.

d. None of the above is false.

BACK TO GAME

FINAL ROUND Question

Which of the following describes the general sequence of events at a neuromuscular synapse?1 – Receptor binding may lead to the generation of an action potential in the axon (if the postsynaptic cell is a neuron) or sarcolemma (if the postsynaptic cell is a skeletal muscle fiber).2 – Arrival of the action potential at the terminal bouton triggers release of neurotransmitter from secretory vesicles, through exocytosis at the presynaptic membrane.3 – The neurotransmitter molecules are either enzymatically broken down or reabsorbed.4 – Receptor binding results in a change in the permeability of the postsynaptic cell membrane.5 – The neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane.

a. 2-5-1-3-4b. 2-5-4-1-3c. 5-2-1-3-4d. 1-2-5-3-4

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

FINAL ROUND Answer

Which of the following describes the general sequence of events at a neuromuscular synapse?1 – Receptor binding may lead to the generation of an action potential in the axon (if the postsynaptic cell is a neuron) or sarcolemma (if the postsynaptic cell is a skeletal muscle fiber).2 – Arrival of the action potential at the terminal bouton triggers release of neurotransmitter from secretory vesicles, through exocytosis at the presynaptic membrane.3 – The neurotransmitter molecules are either enzymatically broken down or reabsorbed.4 – Receptor binding results in a change in the permeability of the postsynaptic cell membrane.5 – The neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane.

a. 2-5-1-3-4b. 2-5-4-1-3c. 5-2-1-3-4d. 1-2-5-3-4 BACK TO GAME