CESB 493 Development of Conceptual Design Nov 2013 PDF

8/13/2019 CESB 493 Development of Conceptual Design Nov 2013 PDF

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CESB493INTEGRATED CIVIL

ENGINEERING DESIGN PROJECT DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL

ENGINEERING Developing a ConceptualDesign for IDP

13th Nov 2013


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3

Seymour Papert

You cant teach people everything they need to know.

The best you can do is position them where they canfind what they need to know when they need to know it.

Chinese Proverb

CAPSTONEDESIGN

CLASSLECTURES

CAPSTONEDESIGN

CLASSLECTURESLIMITATION


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EAC Panel requires that we conduct acapstone design project as a compulsorycourse/subject and not as an elective.

Hence, decision was made to make CESB493 Integrated Civil Engineering DesignProject as a compulsory course/subjecteffective Sem II 2008-2009.

New 127CH Capstone Design is CoreSubjectAUTHENTIC REAL PROBLEMS IS BASED ONOPEN ENDED PROBLEMS WITH MULTIPLECONSTRAINS AND SOLUTIONS


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5

CASE STUDY REAL LIFE PROBLEMOPEN ENDED SOLUTION

UNIVERSITY SET-UP

PROBLEM BASED LEARNING UNIVERSITY SET-UP

CAPSTONE DESIGN

INDUSTRIAL PROBLEMOPEN ENDED SOLUTION INDUSTRIAL SET-UP

WORK BASED LEARNING

TYPE PROBLEM /SOLUTIONENVIRONMENT

INDUSTRIAL PROBLEMOPEN ENDED SOLUTION INDUSTRIAL SIMULATION

HYPOTHETICAL PROBLEMWELL DEFINE SOLUTION

MODEL OF PROBLEM ORGANISED PROJECT WORK


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6

Industrial ConsultancyProjects

Problem AnalysisPreliminary and Final

Design Report

Authorities Special LecturesIndustrial Talks

Company Profile &Bussiness Plan

Authorities GuidelinesCode of Practice

Literature Review

Client Consultant Meeting

Tender Documents Conditions of Contract Bill of Quantities Specifications Drawings Design Calculations

CAPSTONE DESIGN PROCESS OUTPUTPROCESSINPUT

Schedule of Task Monitoring of Progress

Evaluation by Industrial Panel


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MISSING LINK BETWEEN FUNDAMENTALS& DESIGN PROCESS

THEORY & FUNDAMENTALSOF ENGINEERINGKNOWLEDGE

MISSING LINK?

1 2DETAIL DESIGN PROCESS SPREADSHEET

SOFTWARE

CAD-CAM

3


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RELATIONSHIP OF CONCEPTUAL DESIGNIN THE DESIGN PROCESS

THEORY & FUNDAMENTALSOF ENGINEERINGKNOWLEDGE

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

6 Key Parameters

Technical

Cost

Time

Sustainability & Env

Societal, Legal &Culture

Public Health & Safety

1

2

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

UBBL

Guidelines

Standard & Code

DETAIL DESIGN PROCESS

SPREADSHEET

SOFTWARE

CAD

OPTIMAL SOLUTIONSEVALUATION & JUSTIFICATION

3

45


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DEVELOPING A CONCEPTUAL MODEL

AUTHENTICINDUSTRIAL BASEDPROBLEMS GIVEN

MEETING PROJECTOBJECTIVES BASED ONPROJECT/CLIENTREQUIREMENTS

1

2

GATHERING ANDCOLLECTING RELEVANTDATA/BACKGROUND

INFORMATION

3

DEVELOPINGCONCEPTUALDESIGN WITH ALTERNATIVES

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

GENERATING ANDANALYZING ALTERNATIVESOLUTIONS BYSYNTHESIZING & APPLYINGAPPROPRIATE CIVILENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE

MODELLING AND DESIGNPROCESS

CHOOSING THEOPTIMALSOLUTION BASED ON

1. Technical

2. Cost

3. Time4. Sustainability & Env

5. Societal, Legal &Culture

6. Public Health & Safety

JUSTIFICATION AND ITSFINAL SOLUTIONS

4

6

5

7

8


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More time is spent for conceptual design,

better and more appropriate solutions wouldbe found.The possibility to save money in the longperspective and creating additional valuewith little extra cost can be clearly found.

Engineering problems are under-defined;there are many solutions, good, bad andindifferent. The art is to arrive at a good

solution. This is a creative activity, involvingimagination, intuition and deliberate choice .

~Ove Arup


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Effect of time spent on conceptual design (Dekker 2000)


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Conceptual design is probably the most inspiring part of

engineers tasks but at the same time the mostdemanding of all.

Indeed, the more experienced the bridge engineer is, themore easily he or she can see the solution in his or herhead and does not need to start from scratch.

The contradiction becomes obvious as conceptual designhas to be the most creative part of the design. On onehand, engineers do not need to invent the wheel everytime they approach a problem. On the other hand, if theyalready predefine the answer in their mind, they arealready neglecting most of the other alternatives, whichreduces the possibilities for new inventions andimprovement of solutions.


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Conceptual designPreliminary designDetailed design

Tendering & Award.Site PossessionConstructionHandoverDefect Liability Period.

Design Construction Cycle


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Five -step approach for conceptual designIn this section the methodology by Niemeyer (2003) is explained shortly. The

methodology in the next slide which presents an overview of the whole process ofconceptual design from need definition to proposal of the best solution.

It was developed by combining the methodologies of Kroll et al. (2001) and ofEngstrm (2002).

The methodology of Kroll et al (2001) is more theoretical and is useful forunderstanding of problem solving theory and creation of innovative solutions,while Engstrm proposed a practical approach to solve the problem and hismethodology is suitable when used as a toolbox.


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Five-step methodology proposed by Niemeyer (2003)Location of buildinglayout and i ts

platform l evels, costestimate, whatinfrastructureservices needed andthe stru cturalsystems, materi alswith its constructionmethodology

Technicalaspects suchas codes,legal issues,siteconstraints,authorities

requirementsetc

I denti fying themost importantpoints to thecli ent, generationof ideas andsoluti ons is made.

Proposed solutionswi th sketches,preliminarycalcul ations andexplanations is workedout. Conf igur ation is adivergent process

Proposed soluti ons in step4 are evaluated andranked accordin g to key

parameter s. Evalu ation i sa convergent process.

Divergent and ConvergentThinking for SolvingProblems


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Five-step methodology proposed by Niemeyer (2003)

1. Need definition the actual start of the project .The basic needs with regard to where the building layout and its platform level willbe situated, cost estimate, what infrastructure services needed and the structuralsystems with its construction methodology required. This part makes all the partiesfamiliar with the task and the main goals.It is very important to identify the actual needs without thinking about solutions. Need identification independent of solution space can lead to an innovative design. After

identification of the needs, they have to be analysed, which helps to set the limitationsof the project. If the needs are correctly identified then the risk of changing the wholedesign later during the design phase has been reduced or eliminated. One procedureto identify the real needs is to list all questions and issues systematically.

2. Design requirements at this stage the requirements are further clarified and alltechnical aspects such as codes, legal issues, site constraints and others arediscussed .This step gives a summary of the minimum needed functions and constraints .Design requirements do not mean checking the performance and properties of the

product, since this can lead towards predefined solutions, which again can be a hurdle

for innovative design. Since design requirements guide the design process, thequality of the product is directly influenced by them .


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Five-step methodology proposed by Niemeyer (2003)3. Key parameter identification simplification of the task andtransformation of it into a more abstract problem.

By identifying the most important points to the client, generation ofideas and solutions is made. These solutions should try to satisfy the key

parameters as much as possible. Simplification is done by depriving theless important factors or removing those factors, which are not importantin the beginning or during the conceptual design phase but can be relevant

in the later stages.Secondly, trying to solve the most critical problems first is the way to beable to continue developing the concept further.

4. Configuration more detailed information about the proposedsolutions with sketches, preliminary calculations and explanations isworked out.

For the evaluation of the physical configuration it is important todefine some parameters like dimensions and material choice. Since thisis a repeated process, several options will arise. Moreover, opposite to

parameter identification, configuration is quite a divergent process .


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5. Evaluation the proposed solutions in step 4 are evaluated andranked according to different parameters . One of the most crucial steps is the Key parameter identification.

The solutions that remain as promising must be further evaluated andcompared. In order to do that the engineer must know which

parameters and qualities of a specific buildings and its infrastructure

are of greater importance for the client.


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Dekker (2000) Proposed 4 Different Ways1. Ranking matrix all the parameters are compared to each other.

For each comparison the parameter is given one of three possible values:

+ More important Less important0 Equally important

After this all the values are summed and the parameters ranked. This method gives logicaloutcome by comparing parameters to each other instead of randomly distributing a number of

points between them. However, it requires more time and effort. Ranking matrix, from Dekker (2000)

Key Parameter Identification 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sum Ranking

1. Technical 0 + + + + + 5 1/22. Cost + 0 + + + + 5 1/23. Time + + 0 + - + 4 3/44. Sustainability & Env + + + 0 - + 3 3/45. Societal, Legal & Culture + + - - 0 - 2 66. Public Health & Safety + + + - - 0 3 5


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2. Discursive Ranking

the different parameters are given a ranking on various scales (1 to 10, 1 to 100)depending on the designer. The choice follows the needed accuracy or

preferences. The most important parameter receives the highest amount of points and vice versa. If two objectives are considered equally important, theyshould receive an equal score.

Discursive Ranking from Dekker (2000)Distribution of values using fixed number/scale

Scale Key Parameters Identifications

1

2 Societal, Legal & Culture

3 Public Health & Safety

4

5 Sustainability & Env

6

7 Time

8 Technical

9

10 Cost


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Dekker (2000) proposed four different ways to achieve this:)

3. Distribution of Values Using Fixed Number of Points This approach distributes a limited amount of points among the parameters.

It is up to the designer to decide how much importance is put on different parameters, while considering the project specific demands.

Distribution of values using a fixednumber of points, from Dekker (2000).

Here 100 points are distributed between parameters A, B, C, D, E and F

Key Parameters Identifications 100%

A. Technical 25

B. Cost 30

C. Time 15

D. Sustainability & Env 15

E. Societal, Legal & Culture 7

F. Public Health & Safety 8

100


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Dekker (2000) proposed 4 different ways

4. Objective Tree The most analytical approach, which provides more consistency.

Here different levels of parameters are present and only small groups of parameters are compared to each other. The relative weight of a parameter is relatedto the relative weight of the group of parameters to which it belongs.

Objective tree, from Dekker (2000) General view of the objective tree


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Choice of Methods

The choice of method depends on the decision of the designers and is not influencingsubstantially the final results. More important is to take into account that different

parameters have different importance for a certain project.

For some cases quicker methods such as distribution of values using fixed number of points or discursive ranking are suitable , while when detailed analysis objective treeand ranking matrix give better results.

According to Dekker (2000), the following factors may affect the choice of evaluation method: Available time for evaluation Required accuracy of the comparison Information available Complexity of the problem Preferences of the designer or the team of designers

Finally, it is very important to do an evaluation of the results subjectively and analyze thewinning alternative. The highest score does not necessarily mean the best option .

O i f D d f B ildi P j t


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Overview of Demands for Building Projects

Every structure has to meet a wide range of demands. Six main areas were outlined by Engstrm(2002) for buildings in general They are systemized below.

Life-cycle design philosophies have taken holdresulting in nearly zero net waste and great

savings in energy consumed for waste disposal.Virtually everything is recycled and re-used


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Overview of Demands for Building Projects

Every structure has to meet a wide range of demands. Modified 9 main key areas wereoutlined They are systemized below.

Societal, Legal & CultureDisabled user, UBBL, Sensitivity

M&E ServicesLoading , vibration, M&E floorenvelope, opening in beams,floor, trenches etc

TechnicalResistance Loads ActionsServiceability Deflections, vibrations etcGuidelinesAuthoritiesCodes

Clearance, protections

Safety & Public HealthErection Methods, MosquitoControl

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3

7


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CRITERIAINFRA /STRUCTURAL

TechnicalFeasibilityPO2aPO2b

CostPO2aPO2b

TimePO2aPO2b

Societal Legal& Cultural PO6a

Public Health& Safety PO6b

Sustainability&EnvironmentPO7

1.ProjectManagement +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/-

2.Geotechnical +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/-

3.Water/Sewer/Environment +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/-

4. Highway andDrainage +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/-

5. STRUCTURES Choice of

Materials+/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/-

StructuralSystems +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/-

Construction

Methods +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/-


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Conceptual Design based on Ranking MatrixPM INFRACost, time, technically feasible, environmental and

sustainability to be substantiate with data.Low/Medium/High

Layout

Option 1LayoutOption 2

Technical

Feasibility PO2aPO2b

Cost

PO2aPO2b

Time

PO2aPO2b

Societal

Legal &CulturalPO6a

Public

Health &Safety PO6b

Sustaina-

bility & EnvPO7

ProjectManager

L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H

Geotechnical L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H

Water/Sewer/Env


Road &

Drainage



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Conceptual Design based on Ranking Matrix

StructuresCost, time, technically feasible environmental andsustainability to be substantiate with data.Low/Medium/High

Options basedon thefollowings:

TechnicalFeasibility

PO2aPO2b

Cost

PO2aPO2b

Time

PO2aPO2b

SocietalLegal &CulturalPO6a

PublicHealth &Safety PO6b

Sustaina-bility &EnvPO7

Material L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H Construction

Methods L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H

Structural

SystemsL/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H


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Bukit Jalil Site : Location


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Bukit Jalil Site Analysis get details fromTopographical Map, Geology Map, SI Reports, SiteVisits and Meeting Letters to relevant Authorities

SWAMP HILL

HILL

Contour in ft

1

2

FEDERAL TERRITORY

Contour in m

Conceptual Toolbox on Infrastructure Demands To propose 2 Layouts


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Conceptual Toolbox on Infrastructure Demands To propose 2 Layouts

EconomicalCost Efficiency Construction Cost Maintenance CostTime Efficiency Construction Time Prefabrication time

Water Supply Available Pressure

Head Syabas Guideline MWA Manual Water demand Network design concept Tapping point Max and residual

pressure Elevated Water Tank ?

GeotechnicalEarthwork Platform Authorities guideline Balance cut and fill Lot boundary Soil Profile Rock level Soft ground Unsuitable Material

Slope Ground water table SI Design parameter

Factor of safety

Foundation Loading SI Design parameter Shallow Deep Settlement Bearing Soil improvement

Project Management Gantt Chart/ Microsoft Project Preliminary Costing Bill of Quantities Specifications Condition of Contract Project Conceptual Development

Highway Arahan Teknik/REALM Access Road Gradient Cut and balance earthwork Lane & Kerb requirement Traffic & Pavement requirement

Drainage Qpre vs Q post On site detention Flood level Discharge point Drainage on slope Drainage culvert

Safety & Public Health Site safety Erection Methods Health Control Workers Accommodation Site Sanitation

Societal, Legal & Culture Disabled user, Law suit Culture sensitivity

Environmental Sustainability Produced waste Effect on habitat and

nature Efficient use of

resources & materials Temporary works Environmental management

plan

Conceptual Toolbox on Infrastructure Demands Related to


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Conceptual Toolbox on Infrastructure Demands Related toEarthwork Platform Based on 2 Layouts

Project ManagerEconomicalCost Efficiency Construction Cost Maintenance CostTime Efficiency Construction Time Prefabrication time Water Supply

Supply level/ AvailablePressure Head

Materials used Water demand Network design concept Tapping point Max and residual pressure Sunction and storage tank Pumping requirements Type of valves used Elevated Water Tank ? River crossing ?

GeotechnicalEarthwork Platform

Authorities guideline Balance cut and fill Lot boundary Soil Profile Rock level Soft ground Unsuitable Material

Slope Ground water table SI Design parameter

Factor of safety

Highway Access Road Gradient Requirements Traffic Safety Balance Cut and Fill with

general E/Works Traffic flow and circulation Lane design

Drainage Qpre vs Q post On site detention Lined or unlined channel Types of material/drains Flood level Discharge point Drainage on slope

berm, cut off, cascade,energy dissipators, toedrain, catch pit etc

Drainage culvertSize,class,shape,constructiontypes etc

Silt trap

Safety & PublicHealth (All) Site safety Erection Methods Health Control Workers Accommodation Site Sanitation

Societal, Legal &Culture User friendly Litigation Law suit Culture sensitivity

Environmental &

Sustainability (All) Produced waste Effect on habitat and


resources & materials Temporary works Environmental management

plan


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Conceptual Toolbox for Structural Demands

EconomicalCost Efficiency Construction Cost Maintenance CostTime Efficiency Construction Time Prefabrication time

STRUCTURE DEMANDS Code of Practice

Choice of Materials

Steel Concrete Composite Timber

Structural SystemGravity System Slab Systems Beams Systems Column /Wall SystemLateral Load System Bracing Frame action Shear Wall

Production &Construction Methods Cast in situ Prefabricated systems

Project Management Gantt Chart/ Microsoft Project Preliminary Costing Bill of Quantities Specifications Condition of Contract Project Conceptual Development

Safety & Public Health Site safety Erection Methods Health Control Workers Accommodation Site Sanitation

Societal, Legal & Culture Disabled user, Law suit Culture sensitivity

Environmental &Sustainability Produced waste Effect on habitat and


resources & materials Temporary works EMP Formwork Requirements?

TO BE REVIEWED AT LATER STAGE Service Life Design Architectural Requirements M&E Services Value Engineering Design Audit


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Students are expected to spend about9 hours a week on this course.Week 2 to submit company profile and abusiness plan.Submission of Conceptual Preliminaryreport will be in week 7 Submission of the final written report

and detailed design will be due in Week14.The Final Project Presentations will beorganized in Week 13.


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CONCEPTUAL TASK FOR INFRA STRUCTURES

1.0 FIVE STEP METHODOLOGY2.0 RANKING CRITERIA USED3.0 CONCEPTUAL TOOLBOX BASED ON 6 KEY

PARAMETERS Technical

CostTimeSustainability and environment.

Societal, legal, culture,Public health and safety

4.0 Preliminary Costing5.0 Preliminary Calculation

6.0 Schematic Drawings

A t f th P li i R t C t l D ig


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Assessment of the Preliminary Report Conceptual Designwill be based on the following:

A brief scene setting introduction to the context of the designproject.A clear statement of the project objectives and designparametersCollection of information about the constraints and therequirements to be embodied in the design solutionTo develop conceptual design of the capstone projects interms of cost, time, technical feasibility, environmental,sustainability , societal, legal, culture, public health and safetyrequirements within the site constraints for the purpose ofdeveloping the most optimum solutions for the given civilengineering design project. This is the most critical elements for the conceptual capstone design project. Proposing design solution based on the matrix ranking for the

best infrastructure layout solutions, minimum cut and balanceearthwork with the optimum foundation, structuraloptimization for the structural systems, material types andconstruction methods. Key plan, shapes, initial sizes etc of alldesign components with preliminary design calculations.A project schedule in Gantt Chart form to provide anestimated timeline of the project deliverables and importantmilestones


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Conceptual Detailed Design : Each student shalldevelop and produced a

conceptual design based on cost, time, technicalfeasibility, sustainability societal, culture, publichealth and safety requirements and detailed finaldesign report with complete Tender Documents forconstruction purposes and construction costestimates for the integrated design project.Students are required to conduct their own weeklytechnical meeting with recorded minutes of

meeting and maintain a design projectblog/facebook/Whatapps , which will serve as adiary of activities and accomplishments involvingthe student which may help the instructors to

monitor the overall progress.


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Entrepreneurship skills (PO12b) - Company Profile & Business Plan(due in week 2)

5%

Conceptual Design Report Conceptual Design with cost estimate due in week 7 (PO2a&2b) 20%

Detailed Design Report &Tender Documents

Detailed Design inclusive of Tender Documents & BQ(due in week 14) (PO2a & PO2b)

35% 40%

Tender Drawings (due in week 14) ( PO2a and PO2b) 5%

Project Presentation,Teamwork & Life LongLearning (Rubrics

Assessment)

Societal , Legal & Cultural Week 7 & 14 ( PO6a)

2.5%

35%

Public Health & Safety Week 7 & 14 (PO6b) 2.5%

Environmental & Sustainability (PO7)Week 7 Preliminary (5%) Week 14 Final (5%)

10%

Complex Oral & Writing Communication (PO9c) 5%

Life Long Learning (PO11) 2.5%

Project Management (PO12a) 2.5%

Teamwork 5%