Baigiang Th.cnsxncgv 03dhtp

0

TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP.HCM

KHOA CNG NGH THC PHM

B mn Cng ngh Ch bin Thc phm

Thc hnh

CNG NGH SN XUT

NC CHM GIA V

(H i hc)

Bin son: Th.S Phan Th Hng Lin

THNH PH H CH MINH

THNG 02/2014

1

MC LC

MC LC ......................................................................................................... 1

DANH SCH CC HNH ................................................................................. 3

DANH SCH CC BNG ................................................................................ 4

M U ............................................................................................................ 5

GII THIU HC PHN .................................................................................. 6

1. Mc tiu.......................................................................................................... 6

2. Yu cu .......................................................................................................... 6

3. Phn b chng trnh thc hnh ..................................................................... 6

4. nh gi hc phn ......................................................................................... 6

5. nh gi bi thc hnh .................................................................................. 7

Bi 1. Sn xut tng ....................................................................................... 8

1.1. Gii thiu ..................................................................................................... 8

1.2. Thit b, dng c, ha cht, nguyn vt liu ................................................. 8

1.3. Thc hnh .................................................................................................... 9

1.4. Yu cu ni dung bo co ...........................................................................10

1.5. Tiu ch nh gi.........................................................................................11

1.6. Cu hi .......................................................................................................11

Bi 2. Sn xut chao .........................................................................................12

2.1. Gii thiu ....................................................................................................12

2.2. Thit b, dng c, ha cht, nguyn vt liu ................................................12

2.3. Thc hnh ...................................................................................................13

2.4. Yu cu ni dung bo co ...........................................................................14

2.5. Tiu ch nh gi.........................................................................................14

2.6. Cu hi .......................................................................................................15

Bi 3. Sn xut tng t ..................................................................................16

3.1. Gii thiu ....................................................................................................16


3.3. Thc hnh ...................................................................................................17

3.4. Yu cu ni dung bo co ...........................................................................19

3.5. Tiu ch nh gi.........................................................................................19

3.6. Cu hi .......................................................................................................19

Bi 4. Sn xut sat tm ..................................................................................20

4.1. Gii thiu ....................................................................................................20


2

4.3. Thc hnh ...................................................................................................21

4.4. Yu cu ni dung bo co ...........................................................................24

4.5. Tiu ch nh gi.........................................................................................24

4.6. Cu hi .......................................................................................................25

Bi 5. Sn xut vin gia v bn b .................................................................. 26

5.1. Gii thiu ................................................................................................... 26

5.2. Thit b, dng c, ha cht, nguyn vt liu ............................................... 26

5.3. Thc hnh .................................................................................................. 28

5.4. Yu cu ni dung bo co .......................................................................... 30

5.5. Tiu ch nh gi........................................................................................ 30

5.6. Cu hi ...................................................................................................... 30

Bi 6. Sn xut ng v hng ......................................................................... 31

6.1. Gii thiu ................................................................................................... 31

6.2. Thit b, dng c, ha cht, nguyn vt liu ............................................... 31

6.3. Thc hnh .................................................................................................. 32

6.4. Yu cu ni dung bo co .......................................................................... 34

6.5. Tiu ch nh gi........................................................................................ 34

6.6. Cu hi ...................................................................................................... 34

PH LC: ....................................................................................................... 35

Ph lc 1: Bng d tr tng ho cht - dng c - thit b ................................... 35

TI LIU THAM KHO................................................................................. 37

3

DANH SCH HNH

Hnh 1. S qui trnh cng ngh sn xut tng .............................................. 9

Hnh 2. S qui trnh cng ngh sn xut chao ................................................. 13

Hnh 3. S qui trnh cng ngh sn xut tng t ........................................... 18

Hnh 4. S qui trnh cng ngh sn xut sat tm............................................ 23

Hnh 5. S qui trnh cng ngh sn xut VGV bn b ...................................... 28

Hnh 6. S qui trnh cng ngh sn xut ng v hng ..................................... 33

4

DANH MC CC BNG

Bng 1. Phn b thi gian thc hnh ........................................................... 6

Bng 2. Tiu ch nh gi chung .................................................................. 7

Bng 3. Nguyn liu s dng cho bi thc hnh 1 ......................................... 8

Bng 4. Ha cht, dng c, thit b s dng cho bi thc hnh 1 ................. 8

Bng 5. Tiu ch nh gi bi thc hnh 1 ...................................................11

Bng 6. Nguyn liu s dng cho bi thc hnh 2 ........................................12

Bng 7. Ha cht, dng c, thit b s dng cho bi thc hnh 2 .................12

Bng 8. Tiu ch nh gi bi thc hnh 2 ...................................................14

Bng 9. Nguyn liu s dng cho bi thc hnh 3 ........................................16

Bng 10. Ha cht, dng c, thit b s dng cho bi thc hnh 3 ...............16

Bng 11. Tiu ch nh gi bi thc hnh 3 .................................................19

Bng 12. Nguyn liu s dng cho bi thc hnh 4 ......................................20







Bng 19. D tr tng ha cht, dng c, thit b ..........................................31


Bng 21. D tr tng ha cht, dng c, thit b ..........................................35

5

M U

Nc chm gia v lun hin din trong ba n ca mi gia nh. Nu nh xa

kia nc chm gia v ch n gin l chn tng, chn mm, tri t cay dng mm,

chm cho ba n thm m th ngy nay chng bin ha ra hng trm loi sn

phm khc nhau. Cc loi nc chm gia v gi c dng rng ri trong cuc sng

hng ngy, s dng rt tin li, gip nhng ngi ni tr gim thiu c thi gian

vo bp, p ng nhu cu ca i sng cng nghip.

Trc kia nc chm gia v c lm th cng theo kinh nghim dn gian th

ngy nay nh p dng cc kin thc khoa hc cng ngh thc phm, ngnh cng

nghip sn xut nc chm gia v tr nn hng mnh. C th k n cc thng hiu

ni ting trn ton th gii nh bt ngt (m chnh): Ajinomoto, Aone, hoc nc

tng Kikoman hay tng c Heinz . . .

sn xut c mt s sn phm nc chm gia v, ngoi kin thc l thuyt

th sinh vin cn c trang b thm k nng thc hnh. V vy sau khi hc xong hc

phn cng ngh sn xut nc chm gia v, sinh vin s tip tc hc hc phn Thc

hnh cng ngh sn xut nc chm gia v. Hc phn ny nhm gip sinh vin vn

dng nhng kin thc l thuyt hc lm ra mt s cc sn phm nc chm gia

v ph bin trong i sng. Trong ti liu ny v thi lng c hn nn chng ti ch

a vo cc loi nc chm v cc loi gia v c chn lc, in hnh cho sn phm th

cng l tng, chao, in hnh cho cc loi nc st l tng t v sat tm, in hnh

cho cc loi gia v dng rn l vin gia v bn b, ng v hng.

Chng ti xin cm n s gip ca cc ng nghip. Chng ti lun mong

nhn c kin ng gp ti liu ny ngy cng p ng tt cho mc ch ging

dy.

Nhm bin son

6

GII THIU HC PHN

1. Mc tiu

Sau khi hc xong hc phn ny, sinh vin c kh nng:

- Trnh by mt s qui trnh cng ngh sn xut nc chm gia v.

- Tnh ton nguyn vt liu, ha cht, dng c, d tr thit b dng sn xut mt s

sn phm nc chm gia v.

- Trnh by c mt s yu t nh hng n cht lng sn phm.

- Sn xut v kim sot cht lng mt s sn phm nc chm gia v quy m phng

th nghim.

- ng dng pht trin to cc loi nc chm v gia v mi.

2. Yu cu

- D lp: 100%

- Chun b y nguyn liu, dng c, ha cht cho mi bi thc hnh.

- c k phn hng dn l thuyt thc hnh trc khi ln lp.

- Vit bo co sau mi bi thc hnh theo ni dung ging vin yu cu.

3. Phn b chng trnh thc hnh

Bng 1. Phn b chng trnh thc hnh

STT Tn bi thc hnh S tit Ghi ch

1 Sn xut tng 5

2 Sn xut chao 5

3 Sn xut tng t 5

4 Sn xut sat tm 5

5 Sn xut vin gia v bn b 5

6 Sn xut ng v hng 5

Tng 30

4. nh gi hc phn

- D lp: C mt ti phng thc hnh 100% tng s thi gian.

7

- im nh gi hc phn: im trung bnh cng ca cc bi thc hnh c trong hc

phn.

5. nh gi bi thc hnh

Bng 2. Tiu ch nh gi chung

STT Tiu ch nh gi im

1 thc t chc, k lut 1

2 An ton, v sinh 1

3 Thi gian 1

4 Chun b 1

5 Thao tc 2

6 Sn phm 2

7 Bo co 2

TNG 10

8

BI 1. SN XUT TNG

Mc tiu:

Sau khi hc xong bi ny, sinh vin c kh nng:

- Tnh ton nguyn vt liu, ha cht, dng c, d tr thit b dng sn xut tng.

- Sn xut v kim sot cht lng tng quy m phng th nghim.

- Trnh by c mt s yu t nh hng n cht lng tng.

1.1. Gii thiu

Tng l mt sn phm truyn thng ca ngi Vit Nam. y chnh l qu

trnh ln men u nnh nh h enzyme ca vi sinh vt tham gia vo qu trnh thy

phn protein, tinh bt

1.2. Nguyn liu, ha cht, dng c, thit b

1.2.1. Nguyn liu

Bng 3. Nguyn liu s dng cho bi thc hnh 1(1 t 3 4 SV)

STT Tn nguyn liu Khi lng (g) Ghi ch

1 u nnh 750

2 ng vng 300

3 Bt m 150

4 Mui tinh luyn 100

1.2.2. Ha cht, dng c, thit b

Bng 4. Ha cht, dng c, thit b s dng cho bi thc hnh 1

A. Ha cht 1 t 3 - 4 sinh vin

STT Tn ha cht Quy cch v tnh S lng Ghi ch

1 Ch phm nm mc Aspergillus oryzae

rn g 05 Dng sx tng

2 Natri benzoat rn g 02 Tinh khit

B. DNG C 1 t 3 - 4 sinh vin

STT Tn dng c Quy cch v tnh S lng Ghi ch

1 Thau ci 02

2 R nha ci 02

3 Khay nha ci 01

4 Khn hay vi y 3030 cm ci 01

5 Hp nha to ln mc ci 02

9

6 Keo ng tng 2 kg ci 02

7 Ni nhm ci 01

8 Bp ga (in) ci 01

9 a tre i 01

C. THIT B Nhm ln

STT Tn thit b Quy cch v tnh S lng Ghi ch

1 Ni hp p lc ci 01

2 Cn in t ci 01

3 Cn ng h ci 01

1.3. Thc hnh

1.3.1. Qui trnh cng ngh

Hnh 1. S qui trnh cng ngh sn xut tng

34 36 gi

5 7 ngy

6 8 gi

u nnh

Ngm

Bc v

Hp chn

Trn ging

Nui mc

Ng tng

ngu

Ging + bt m

Nui mc

Tng ht

10

1.3.2. Cc bc tin hnh:

Bc 1: Chun b nguyn liu

- u nnh ngm nc trong 6-8 gi, vo sch em hp hoc nu n khi ht chn, va

mm, c mi thm. u ra cho r cho ro nc.

- Bt m rang, em trn vi u va nu theo t l 10-15% so vi u nnh.

Bc 2: Nui mc

- Nguyn liu sau khi hp chn, lm ti, ngui n 35-370C, cy ging trung gian

vo vi t l 0,3 - 1% so vi nguyn liu.

- Tri u nguyn liu ra dng c nui mc (sng hay hp ln) vi chiu dy 1,5-2cm.

- y bng khn t, nui mi trng 28-320C, hm m phng t 85-90%

- Thi gian nui mc 24gi, mc bt u xut hin si, n 34-36gi mc pht trin

u, bt u xut hin bo t mu vng th ly ra ng tng.

Bc 3: Ng tng

- Tin hnh ly mc ra khi phng nui, bp nh, ti v trn vi nc mui 16% vi

t l 1 u : 3 nc mui, cho vo chum, vi hay hp sao cho u ngp su trong nc

mui.

- em phi nng 10 15 ngy, u bt u ng sang mu vng nu c mi thm.

- Nhit gi 35 n 37 C, hng ngy em khuy o trn.

Bc 4: ngu v bo qun

- Nu ng vng cho tan ngui : nu 150g ng cho vo 25ml nc un si cho

tan ng.

- Khi u bt u c mi thm, cho nc ng vo ln men ph khong 5 -7 ngy

30 - 350C l c th s dng.

- Cho cht bo qun natri benzoat 0,1% chng mc.

1.3.3.Yu cu sn phm:

+ Mu sc vng nu m

+ Ht u phi mm, nguyn ht, khng chua, c snh, mn, ngt.

1.4. Yu cu ni dung bo co

Trnh by c s l thuyt ca qu trnh sn xut tng.

Nu qui trnh sn xut v thuyt minh qui trnh

Nhn xt sn phm bng phng php cm quan

+ Mi

+ V

+ Mu sc

11

1.5. Tiu ch nh gi

Bng 5. Tiu ch nh gi bi thc hnh 1

STT Tiu ch nh gi im


2 An ton, v sinh 1

3 Thi gian 1

4 Chun b 1

5 Thao tc 2

6 Sn phm

- t v ch tiu cm quan:

+ Mu vng nu m

+ Ht mm

+ C v mn, ngt ca tng

+ Khng chua

0,5

0,5

0,5

0,5

7 Bo co

- Hnh thc trnh by bo co

- Ni dung bi bo co y yu cu ra

0,5

1,5

TNG 10

1.6. Cu hi

1. Nu qui trnh sn xut tng ht, gii thch cc thng s trong qui trnh.

2. Trnh by cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh nui mc.

12

BI 2. SN XUT CHAO

Mc tiu:


- Tnh ton nguyn vt liu, ha cht, dng c, d tr thit b dng sn xut chao.

- Sn xut v kim sot cht lng chao quy m phng th nghim.

- Trnh by c mt s yu t nh hng n cht lng chao.

2.1. Gii thiu

Chao l sn phm ln men t u ph. Trong qu trnh ln men, cc enzyme vi

sinh vt tham gia vo qu trnh thy phn protein to thnh cc axt amin, lipt thnh

cc ester thm nn chao c gi tr dinh dng cao v mi v c trng.

Vi sinh vt trong sn xut chao thng c hot protease v amylase cao, cc

chng l nm mc Mucor elegans, M.paraini, vi khun Bacillus subtilis. Vic chn

ging tt sn xut chao rt quan trng quyt nh cht lng sn phm.


2.2.1. Nguyn liu

Bng 6. Nguyn liu s dng cho bi thc hnh 2 (1 t 3 4 SV)

STT Tn nguyn liu S lng Ghi ch

1 u ph 500 g

2 t 100 g





1 Chng ging nm mc: Mucor elegans

rn g 0,5 dng sx chao

2 Cn thc phm 96%V/V ml 200

3 Mui tinh luyn rn g 100



1 Thau ci 01

2 R nha ci 01

3 Khay inox c c l ci 01


5 Hp nha to ln mc 2020 cm ci 02 vung, c np

13

6 H nha ng chao 1 kg ci 02

7 Ni inox ci 01

8 Bp ga (in) ci 01

9 Dao inox Thi lan ci 01

10 Ru k 0- 500 ci 01

11 ng ong nha 100ml ci 01

12 Bnh xt nha ci 01

C. THIT B Nhm ln


1 Cn in t ci 01

2.3. Thc hnh

2.3.1. Qui trnh cng ngh

2.3.2.Cc bc tin hnh:

Hnh2. S qui trnh cng ngh sn xut chao

16 ngy

5 pht

26 30 gi

u ph

Chao

Chai hoc keo

chn 16 ngy

C c

p mui

Chn nc si

Ct lt

Cy mc

Nui mc

14

Bc 1: Chun b

- u ph cho vo nc si chn 5 pht tiu dit vi sinh vt, ly ra ct tng ming

nh c kch thc 2 x 2 x 1(cm), hoc 1 x 1 x 1,7(cm).

- Cc ming u c xp vo khay c c l di y, c xp u nhau cch

khong 2,5cm cho thng thong mc chao mc u trn b mt ming chao.

Bc 2: Ln mc

- Dng ng nghim ging Mucor chao pha nc v trng 200ml cho vo bnh tia phun

u trn b mt ming u trn khay.

- Ly khn vi m v trng bng nc si v c vt kh tri ln b mt.

- Mang vo phng nui 30 -320C trong thi gian 26 30 gi. Khi ming u ph

y nhng khun ty mu trng chuyn sang mu trng xm l c, sau ly ra p

mui.

Bc 3: Mui chao

- Chun b dung dch c nng mui 130 160g/l.

- Ly chao, mc ra ngm trong dung dch nc mui pha trn trong thi gian 24 - 48h

vt ra ro cho vo keo thy tinh.

Bc 4: chn

- Chun b hn hp ru, mui, t, ng vi t l ru 16%, mui 10%, t 1%,

ng 8%.

- Cho hn hp trn vo keo xp u vi t l ci : nc l 2 : 1

- chn trong thi gian 16 ngy ta c chao thnh phm.

2.3.3. Yu cu sn phm

- T l ci nc 2 : 1

- Ming u khng b nt

- Sn phm lm ra c mi thm c trng

- V rt bo, ming chao ng u

- mn ph hp th hiu ngi tiu dng


- Trnh by c s l thuyt ca qu trnh sn xut chao

- Nu qui trnh sn xut v thuyt minh qui trnh

2.5. Tiu ch nh gi


STT Tiu ch nh gi im


2 An ton, v sinh 1

3 Thi gian 1

15

4 Chun b 1

5 Thao tc 2

6 Sn phm


+ V bo

+ Mi thm c trng ca chao

+ mn va phi

+ Khng nt

0,5

0,5

0,5

0,5

7 Bo co



0,5

1,5

TNG 10

2.6. Cu hi

1. K tn cc loi chao c trn th trng Vit Nam.

2. Trnh by mc ch ca qu trnh nui mc.

16

BI 3. SN XUT TNG T

Mc tiu:


- Tnh ton nguyn vt liu, ha cht, dng c, d tr thit b dng sn xut tng

t.

- Sn xut v kim sot cht lng tng t quy m phng th nghim.

- Trnh by c mt s yu t nh hng n cht lng tng t.

3.1. Gii thiu

Tng t l mt gia v ph bin trong cuc sng hin i. y l sn phm c

lm ch yu t cc loi t ti v mt s loi nguyn liu khc. Qua cc qu trnh c

hc n gin nh xay, nghin; gia nhit v b sung cc ph gia, ta s to c sn

phm tng t dng st, thm ngon, cay nng.


3.2.1. Nguyn liu






1 Mu ponceau 4R rn g 1 dng cho thc phm

2 Natri benzoat rn g 2 dng cho thc phm

3 Xanthan gum rn g 5 dng cho thc phm

4 CMC rn g 5 dng cho thc phm



1 t 200

2 Hnh tm xay 100

3 Ti 100

4 ng 100

5 Bt ngt 50

6 Mui 100

7 Tinh bt bp 50

8 Tiu trng (s) xay 50

17


1 Thau ci 01

2 R nha ci 01

3 Ni inox ci 01

4 Bp ga (in) ci 01

5 Dao ci 02

6 Ry ci 02

7 V inox ci 01

8 a tre i 02

9 Chn nha ci 04

10 Tht ci 01

11 Cc ong nha 250ml ci 01

12 Phu nha ci 01

C. THIT B Nhm ln


1 Cn in t ci 01

2 My xay t ci 01

3 My xay sinh t ci 04

4 My ng np chai ci 01

3.3. Thc hnh

3.3.1. Qui trnh cng ngh:

Nguyn liu

Cht bo qun

Gia v

Hon thin sn phm

Nu

Lm ngui

X l

Rt chai

Thnh phm

Tinh bt

18

Hnh3. S qui trnh cng ngh sn xut tng t

3.3.2. Cc bc tin hnh

Bc 1 : Chun b

- t la chn qu chn , ra sch, b cung, b ht, em cn xc nh khi lng,

sau cho vo thit b xay chun b cho qu trnh nu.

- Ti sau khi bc v c em cn v xay mn.

- Cn tinh bt, cho nc vo khuy u khng b vn cc.

- Cn cc gia v v ph gia.

Bc 2 : Nu

- Cho t vo ni nu, sau cho ti xay mn vo.

- un si 10 pht ri cho tinh bt ha nc vo ni.

- Sau 5 pht cho cc gia v ph gia vo ni nu.

- un si 10 pht.

Bc 3 : Lm ngui

- Lm ngui tng t xung nhit khong 500C.

Bc 4: Rt chai

- Rt nhanh tng t vo chai (i vi chai thu tinh th khng cn gii nhit). Chai:

thng dng hai loi chai, chai thy tinh v chai nha.

- Khi chai c rt y s thc hin cc khu tip theo nh: y np, dn nhn, chp

mng co

Bc 5: Bo n sn phm

- Sn phm s c bo qun trong 1 thng. Sau sn phm c cm quan v so

snh vi mu tng t trn th trng.

3.3.3. Yu cu sn phm

- Tng t c mu c trng ca sn phm.

- st t yu cu, khng qu lng hay c.

- cay va phi, c v chua cay hi ha.

- Khng b tch lp sau thi gian bo qun.

19


- Cu to, thnh phn ha hc ca t

- Ngun nguyn liu t trong nc

- Qui trnh sn xut v gii thch

- Nhn xt sn phm, so snh vi sn phm c trn th trng

3.5. Tiu ch nh gi


STT Tiu ch nh gi im


2 An ton, v sinh 1

3 Thi gian 1

4 Chun b 1

5 Thao tc 2

6 Sn phm


+ st

+ Mi thm c trng ca tng t

+ V cay, chua hi ha

+ Mu ti ca tng t

0,5

0,5

0,5

0,5

7 Bo co



0,5

1,5

TNG 10

3.6. Cu hi

1.Nu qui trnh sn xut tng t v thuyt minh qui trnh vi cc thng s c c t

thc nghim.

2.Loi tng t no ang chim th phn ln trn th trng Vit Nam.

20

BI 4. SN XUT SA T TM

Mc tiu:


- Tnh ton nguyn vt liu, ha cht, dng c, d tr thit b dng sn xut sat

tm.

- Sn xut v kim sot cht lng sat tm quy m phng th nghim.

- Trnh by c mt s yu t nh hng n cht lng sat tm.

4.1. Gii thiu

Sat tm l mt loi gia v c lm ch yu t t v tm, d n, thch hp cho mi

la tui. Thng qua cc qu trnh c hc n gin xay nghin; gia nhit v b sung cc

cht ph gia, ta s c c mt sn phm p mt, ngon, bo qun c lu di.


4.2.1. Nguyn liu



1 Du n 200

2 t xay 200

3 Ti xay 50

4 S xay 40

5 Ht iu 10

6 Mui 20

7 ng 10

8 Bt ngt 10

9 Bt bp 10

10 Tm kh 100



A. Ha cht 1 t 3 4 SV


1

B. DNG C 1 t 3 4 SV


21

1 Thau ci 01

2 R nha ci 01

3 Ni inox ci 01

4 Bp ga (in) ci 01

5 Dao ci 02

6 Ry ci 02

7 V inox ci 01

8 a tre i 02

9 Chn nha ci 04

10 Tht nha ci 01


12 Cho chin ci 01

13 Chy ci g b 01

14 Nhit k 2000C ci 01

15 T s 20 cm ci 01

16 Cn ng h 1 kg ci 01

C. THIT B Nhm ln


1 Cn in t ci 01


3 T sy ci 01

4.3. Thc hnh

4.3.1. Qui trnh cng ngh (trang sau)


Bc 1: X l t

- t la chn qu chn , ra sch, sau b cung, b ht ri cn xc nh khi

lng, thi nh, em xay nhuyn.

Bc 2: X l ti, s

- Ti bc v, ra sch, cn khi lng, sau em thi nh, xay nhuyn.

Bc 3: X l s

- S bc v, ra, p dp, bm nhuyn, cn khi lng.

Bc 4: X l tm kh

22

- Tm kh ra sch loi ct, tp cht, ngm nc nng khong 700C trong 15 - 20

pht cho tm mm ri gi nh.

Bc 5: Phi du

- Du tinh luyn c gia nhit n 1700C ri cho ht iu vo 2 - 3 pht th tt la.

- Dng ry lc b xc ht iu.

23

t

Ra sch

B cung, ht

Ct nh

Xay nhuyn

Ti, s Du Tm kh

Ngm

Sn phm

Rt hp

Bc v

Ra sch

Ct nh

Xay nhuyn

Gia nhit

Trch mu

Ht iu

Lc

B sung ti

B sung t

B sung s

B sung tm kh

Ra sch

Gi

B sung gia v,

ph gia

Lm ngui

Mui, ng, bt ngt

Hnh 4. S qui trnh cng ngh sn xut sat tm

24

- Sau cho ti, s, t vo theo nguyn tc nguyn liu c hm m cao cho vo trc.

u tin cho ti vo phi n khi bt u c mu vng th cho t vo. o trn u tay

n khi t hi kh li th cho s vo. Gi nhit trn cho n khi s chuyn sang

mu vng th b sung tm kh vo v o trn khong 3 - 4 pht n khi s, ti c

mu vng nu, cn rt t nc bay hi l c.

Bc 6: B sung gia v, ph gia

- Cho mui, ng, bt ngt vo hn hp, khuy u tay nhm ho tan gia v. Sau

cho bt bp vo, khuy u to cu trc st cho sn phm.

Bc 7: Lm ngui, rt hp

- Hn hp dng st c lm ngui n khong 800C th c rt hp, ng np.

4.3.3. Yu cu sn phm

- Hn hp c mu sm

- V cay ngt hi ha

- C mi thm ca t, tm, s

- st va phi


- Cu to, thnh phn ha hc ca tm kh

- Ngun nguyn liu tm kh trong nc

- Qui trnh sn xut v gii thch

- Nhn xt sn phm, so snh vi sn phm c trn th trng

4.5. Tiu ch nh gi


STT Tiu ch nh gi im


2 An ton, v sinh 1

3 Thi gian 1

4 Chun b 1

5 Thao tc 2

6 Sn phm


+ st

+ Mi thm c trng ca sat tm

+ V cay, ngt hi ha

+ Mu sm ca t v tm kh

0,5

0,5

0,5

0,5

25

7 Bo co



0,5

1,5

TNG 10

4.6. Cu hi

1. Trnh by qui trnh v gii thch qui trnh sn xut sat tm.

2. Phn tch cc yu t nh hng n cht lng sn phm.

26

BI 5. SN XUT VIN GIA V BN B

Mc tiu:


- Tnh ton nguyn vt liu, ha cht, dng c, d tr thit b dng sn xut vin gia

v bn b.

- Sn xut v kim sot cht lng vin gia v bn b quy m phng th nghim.

- Trnh by c mt s yu t nh hng n cht lng vin gia v bn b.

- ng dng pht trin cc loi vin gia v khc.

5.1. Gii thiu

Vin gia v bn b l mt loi gia v mi xut hin trn th trng. Ngoi hng

v c trng c to nn bi m b vin gia v bn b cn l sn phm ca s kt hp

nhiu loi gia v khc nhau nh: hnh, ti, t, s, hi, qu Cc qu trnh cn loi

nc ti a tng kh cho sn phm, to iu kin cho cng on p khun v

tng thi gian bo qun sn phm.


5.2.1. Nguyn liu



1 M b 100

2 Hnh tm xay 50

3 Ti xay 40

4 S xay 50

5 t xay 30

6 Mm ruc 50

7 Mui 30

8 ng 30

9 Bt ngt 10

10 Nha 15

11 i hi 30

12 Qu 30

13 Ht iu 10



27

A. Ha cht 1 t 3 4 SV


1 Axt citric rn g 10

B. DNG C 1 t 3 4 SV


1 Thau ci 01

2 R nha ci 01

3 Ni inox ci 01

4 Bp ga (in) ci 01

5 Dao ci 02

6 Ry ci 02

7 V inox ci 01

8 a tre i 02

9 Chn nha ci 04

10 Tht ci 01


12 Cho chin ci 01

13 Chy ci g b 01

14 Nhit k 2000C ci 01

15 Chn s ci 02

C. THIT B Nhm ln


1 Cn in t ci 01


3 Khun p vin ci 01

4 T lnh ci 01

5 My ghp m ci 01

28

5.3. Thc hnh

5.3.1. Quy trnh cng ngh

Hnh 5. S qui trnh cng ngh sn xut VGV bn b

Mm ruc

Vin gia v bn b

S

ng c

p khun

Bao gi

B sung s

M b

Ra sch, bm nh

Gia nhit

B sung hnh

B sung ti

Hnh

B sung t

Lm sch, ct nh

Ti

t

B

Phi trn

ng, mui, bt ngt, axt citric,

nha

B sung ht iu

Gia nhit

M b

Ht iu

Trch mu

Lc

B sung qu, hi

Chit hng

Lc

Qu, hi

Rang

Lm nh

B

Lc

B sung mm ruc

C c

Trch hng

29


Bc 1: X l nguyn liu

- Chn hnh, ti, t, s ti, khng h hng em bc v, ra sch, lm nh bng cch

bm hay xay bng my xay kh, em cn.

Bc 2: Chit hng gia v

- Cn 70g m b, gia nhit n 1700C ri cho cc loi gia v vo theo nguyn tc loi

no hm m cao cho vo trc, hm m thp cho vo sau. Hnh tm c cho vo

trc, o trn lin tc cho nc thot ra. Sau khi hnh hi sn li, cho ti vo duy tr

nhit 1700C, o trn n khi hnh v ti hi vng th cho t v sau vi pht

th cho s vo, o trn n khi cc gia v vng nu, nc thot ra cn rt t l c. -

- Ry hn hp qua ry inox b xc.

Bc 3: C c mm ruc

- Mm ruc c cho vo cho du nng, o trn u tay n khi khng cn nc

bay hi l c.

Bc 4: Chit mu v hng i hi, qu

- Cn 30g m b, gia nhit n 1700C ri cho ht iu vo trong khong 2 - 3 pht th

tt la. Ry hn hp qua ry loi xc ht iu. Phn m b tip tc c gia nhit

ri cho qu, hi vo. o trn, chit hng trong khong 3 - 4 pht ri ry loi b

xc.

Bc 5: Phi trn

- Mui, ng, bt ngt, axt citric, nha c trn vi dch chit sau bc 3 v 4, to

thnh mt hn hp st.

Bc 6: p khun, ng gi

- Tin hnh p khun thnh nhng khi hnh hp ch nht, ng gi, ta c thnh

phm vin gia v bn b.

30

5.3.3. Yu cu sn phm

- Hnh khi ch nht

- Vung thnh sc cnh

- Cng, khng nho

- C mi thm c trng ca bn b

- Mu vng nu m


1. Trnh by cu to, thnh phn ha hc ca cc nguyn liu

2. Tm hiu ngun nguyn liu mm ruc trong nc.

3. Nu qui trnh sn xut v gii thch qui trnh.

4. Nhn xt sn phm, so snh vi sn phm c trn th trng.

5. Tm hiu thm v cc loi vin gia v khc.

5.5. Tiu ch nh gi


STT Tiu ch nh gi im


2 An ton, v sinh 1

3 Thi gian 1

4 Chun b 1

5 Thao tc 2

6 Sn phm


+ Mu vng nu m

+ Cng, khng nho

+ C mi thm c trng ca bn b

+ C v hi ha ca bn b khi ha tan vo nc

0,5

0,5

0,5

0,5

7 Bo co



0,5

1,5

TNG 10

5.6.Cu hi

1. Thnh phn no trong nguyn liu gn kt cc nguyn liu li vi nhau.

2. Nu nguyn nhn lm VGV b nho.

31

BI 6. SN XUT NG V HNG

Mc tiu:


- Tnh ton nguyn vt liu, ha cht, dng c, d tr thit b dng sn xut ng v

hng.

- Sn xut v kim sot cht lng ng v hng quy m phng th nghim.

- Trnh by c mt s yu t nh hng n cht lng ng v hng.

- ng dng pht trin cc loi bt gia v khc.

6.1. Gii thiu

Ng v hng trong ting Trung Hoa gi l Ng Hng Phn. y l mt loi

gia v thng dng trong m thc ca ngi Trung Hoa v ngi Vit Nam, c bit

hay c dng trong m thc ca ngi Qung ng. N bao gm 5 loi v c bn

trong m thc l: mn, ngt, chua, cay, ng.


6.2.1. Nguyn liu



1 i hi 30

2 Tiu hi 30

3 Qu 30

4 Tho qu 30

5 Trn b 30

6 inh hng 20



A. Ha cht


B. DNG C 1 t 3 4 SV


1 Bp ga (in) ci 01

2 Dao ci 02

3 Ry ci 02

4 V inox ci 01

5 a tre i 02

6 Chn nha ci 04

32

7 Tht ci 01

8 Cho khng dnh ci 01

9 Chy ci g b 01

10 Sng inox l = 1 mm ci 01


C. THIT B Nhm ln


1 Cn in t ci 01

2 My xay kh ci 06

3 My ghp m ci 02

4 My o m bt ci 01

5 T sy ci 01

6.3. Thc hnh

6.3.1. Quy trnh cng ngh

Tp cht

to = 70

0 800C

= 60 pht

Bao gi

Cn nh lng

Sy

Lm ngui

Phi trn

Sng phn loi

Xay, nghin

Nguyn liu

Sn phm

33


Bc 1: Kim tra nguyn liu

- Qu, tho qu, i hi, inh hng, trn b: trc khi a vo sn xut phi

kim tra cm quan phi kh, khng mc hay b su mt, c hng thm c

trng.

Bc 2: Sng phn loi

- Sng cc nguyn liu loi b cc tp cht nh: t, , ct, bi, su b.

nhm m bo nguyn liu sau khi sng phi l nguyn liu sch c th a

vo my xay ca cng on sau m khng lm nh hng n cht lng ca

sn phm cng nh n hiu qu hot ng ca my xay.

Bc 3: Xay, nghin

- Nguyn liu c a vo my xay, nghin lm nh kch thc, thi gian

xay 10 pht.

- Sng nguyn liu vi kch thc l l = 2 mm.

- Xay tip phn lt sng 5 pht.

- Sng li vi kch thc l sng nh hn.

Bc 4: Phi trn

- nh lng tng loi nguyn liu.

- Tin hnh phi trn cc nguyn liu.

Yu cu ca hn hp sau khi phi trn: hn hp phi mn v ng nht.

Bc 5: Sy

- Nguyn liu sau khi trn s c sy nhit 70 800C trong thi gian 60

pht.

Bc 6: nh lng

- Nguyn liu sau khi c lm ngui s tin hnh nh lng. Nguyn liu

c nh lng sau cho ph hp vi quy cch ca bao b.

Bc 7: ng gi

- Tin hnh bao gi nguyn liu vo cc bao b thch hp. Bao gi gip bo

qun nguyn liu c tt hn v hng thm v c dc tnh c trong nguyn

liu.

6.3.3. Yu cu sn phm

- Bao b: vung vn, khng h mi ghp m.

- Trng lng: ng yu cu.

- Mu: c trng ca ng v hng.

- Mi: thm c trng ca ng v hng.

Hnh 6. S qui trnh cng ngh sn xut ng v hng

34


1. Ch tiu cc nguyn liu a vo sn xut.

2. Thnh phn ha hc ca cc loi nguyn liu.

3. Qui trnh sn xut v thuyt minh.

4. Nhn xt sn phm.

6.5. Tiu ch nh gi


STT Tiu ch nh gi im


2 An ton, v sinh 1

3 Thi gian 1

4 Chun b 1

5 Thao tc 2

6 Sn phm


+ Mn

+ Mi thm c trng ca ng v hng

+ C mu sc c trng ca ng v hng

- Khi lng, bao b ng qui nh

0,5

0,5

0,5

0,5

7 Bo co



0,5

1,5

TNG 10

6.6. Cu hi

1. Tc dng ca cc nguyn liu trong ng v hng i vi sc khe con

ngi.

2. K tn cc mn n c s dng ng v hng.

35

PH LC

Ph lc 1. Bng d tr tng ha cht, dng c, thit b thc hnh

A. HA CHT 1 t 3 4 sinh vin

STT Tn ha cht Quy cch /v tnh S lng Ghi ch

1 Ch phm nm mc Aspergillus oryzae

rn g 05 dng sx tng

2 Natri benzoat rn g 04 tinh khit

3 Chng ging nm mc: Mucor elegans

rn g 0,5 dng sx chao

4 Cn thc phm 96%V/V ml 200

5 Mui tinh luyn rn g 100

6 Mu thc phm ponceau 4R

rn g 1

7 Xanthan gum rn g 5 dng cho thc phm

8 CMC rn g 5

9 Axt citric rn g 10

B. DNG C 1 t 3 4 sinh vin

STT Tn dng c Quy cch /v tnh S lng Ghi ch

1 Thau ci 01

2 R nha ci 02

3 Khay nha ci 01


5 Hp nha to ln mc ci 02

6 Keo ng tng 2 kg ci 02

7 Ni nhm ci 02

8 Bp ga (in) ci 01

9 Khay inox c c l ci 01

10 Hp nha to ln mc 2020 cm ci 02

11 Keo ng chao 1 kg ci 02

12 Ni inox ci 01

13 Dao ci 01

36

14 Ru k 0- 500 ;

50 - 1000

ci 01;

01

15 ng ong nha 100ml ci 01

16 Tht nha ci 01

17 Cc ong nha 250 ml ci 01

18 V inox ci 01

19 a tre i 01

20 Phu nha ci 01

21 Chn nha ci 01

22 Ry nha ci 01

23 Cho chin ci 01

24 Chy ci g b 01

25 Nhit k 2000C ci 01

26 T s 20 cm ci 01

27 Cn ng h 1 kg ci 01



C. THIT B Nhm ln

Tn thit b Quy cch /v tnh S lng Ghi ch

1 Ni hp p lc ci 01

2 Cn in t 2 s l ci 01

3 My xay t ci 01


5 Khun p vin ci 01

6 T lnh 200 lt ci 02

7 My ghp m ci 02

8 My xay kh ci 01

37

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Triu Th Chi, K thut nu n Vit Nam, NXB Tp HCM, 2008

[2] L Bch Tuyt, Cc qu trnh cng ngh c bn trong sn xut thc phm,

i hc Bch khoa H Ni, 1996

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