ANIMAL SCIENCE 320

Instructors

Dr. Cheryl L. Morris201D Kildee Hallclmorris@iastate.edu

Dr. Jim Russell313 Kildee Halljrussell@iastate.edu

Graduate TA: Olivia Genther333 Kildee Hallgenthero@iastate.eduMondays 2:00 – 4:00 PM

Graduate TA: Matt O’Neil337C Kildee Hallmaoneil@iastate.eduTuesdays 2:00 – 4:00 PM

Meeting Times and Locations

Monday and Wednesday Lectures: 8:00 – 8:50 AM Kildee 108

Wednesday Labs: 2:10 – 4:00 PM Kildee 25

Computer Lab Dates (Room 1): April 3 April 15 April 17 April 22April 24 April 29 May 1

Text

Animal Feeding and Nutrition, 11th Edition, Jurgens, Bregendahl, Coverdale, Hansen

SCHEDULEDate Lecture/Lab Topic Instructor1/14 Lecture Introduction. Reviewing nutrient digestion in nonruminant and ruminant

animalsC.Morris

1/16 Lecture Chemical analysis of feedstuffs C.Morris

1/16 Lab Calculating the composition of feedstuffs and diets C.Morris

1/21 No Class Martin Luther King Day

1/23 Lecture Determining the digestibility of feedstuffs C. Morris

1/23 Lab Energy systems for feedstuffs and applications for calculating feed intake or animal production

C. Morris

1/28 Lecture Energy feedstuffs J. Russell

1/30 Lecture Energy Supplements J. Russell

1/30 Lab Quiz 1. Feedstuff identification J. Russell

2/4 Lecture Protein supplements J. Russell

2/6 Lecture By-product feedstuffs J. Russell

2/6 Lab Basic Ration Formulation J. Russell

2/11 Lecture Forage species and quality J. Russell

2/13 Lecture Grazing systems J. Russell

2/13 Lab Exam 1  

2/18 Lecture Harvested forages (Hay) J Russell

2/20 Lecture Harvested forages (Silages) J Russell

2/20 Lab Multiple Ingredient Ration Formulation J Russell

2/25 Lecture Mineral and vitamin supplements C. Morris

2/27 Lecture Feed additives C. Morris

2/27 Lab Formulating premixes C. Morris

SCHEDULEDate Lecture/Lab Topic Instructor3/4 Lecture Feed processing and mixing C. Morris

3/6 Lecture Feed processing and mixing C. Morris

3/6 Lab Quiz 2. Interpreting feed tags and regulations C. Morris

3/11 Lecture Companion Animals C. Morris

3/13 Lecture Companion Animals C. Morris

3/13 Lab Companion Animals C. Morris

3/25 Lecture Poultry M. Persia

3/27 Lecture Poultry M. Persia

3/27 Lab Poultry M. Persia

4/1 Lecture Horses C. Morris

4/3 Lecture Horses C. Morris

4/3 Lab Exam 2 C. Morris

4/8 Lecture Swine J. Patience

4/10 Lecture Swine J. Patience

4/10 Lab Swine J. Patience

4/15 Lecture Beef Cattle J. Russell

4/17 Lecture Beef Cattle J. Russell

4/17 Lab Beef Cattle J. Russell

4/22 Lecture Dairy Cattle J. Russell

4/24 Lecture Dairy Cattle J.Russell

4/24 Lab Quiz 3 & Dairy Cattle J. Russell

4/29 Lecture Small Ruminants (Goats/Sheep) D. Morrical

SCHEDULE

Date Lecture/Lab Topic Instructor5/1 Lecture Small Ruminants (Goats/Sheep) D. Morrical

5/1 Lab Exotics C. Morris

Final Exam (Exam #3)

EVALUATION AND GRADE SCALE

Item Number Points each Total points

Problem sets 12 25 300

Quizzes 3 33.3 100

Exams 3 100 300

Drop lowest total quiz or exam score -100 -100

Total 600

Grades %

A 93-100

A- 90-93

B+ 87-90

B 83-87

B- 80-83

C+ 77-80

C 73-77

C- 70-73

D+ 67-70

D 63-67

D- 60-63

F <60

Grading:

Reviewing Nutrient Digestion

• Chapter 1 – Review of Nutrients Pp. 3 - 63– Review of Digestion Pp. 63 – 77

• Non Ruminant• Ruminant

Types of Digestion

MechanicalChemicalEnzymatic

Fermentative

DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS REVIEW

Non-ruminant Digestive Tract

FUNCTIONS OF PARTS OF THE NONRUMINANT DIGESTIVE TRACT

• Mouth– Prehension and mastication– Taste – Secretion of saliva

• Composition– Water– Mucin– Bicarbonate salts– Enzymes (some species)

• Stomach– Secretions

• Hydrochloric acid • Protease

– Pepsinogen → Pepsin

• Hormone– Gastrin

• Small intestine (2 main functions)– Secretions (From 3 locations)

1. Pancreas– Proteases

» Trypsinogen → Trypsin» Chymotrypsinogen → Chymotrypsin» Procarboxypeptidase → Carboxypeptidase

– Carbohydrase» Amylase

– Lipase» Lipase

2. Liver– Bile salts

3. Intestinal mucosa– Carbohydrases

» Maltase» Lactase» Sucrase

– Peptidases– Gut hormones

» Secretin» Cholecystokinin

– Absorption

• Large intestine – Structural carbohydrate fermentation

• Importance and size dependent on diet

• What is a structural carbohydrate that might be fermented in the large intestine vs. a carbohydrate that is not structural or fermented in the large intestine?

– Example?

REVIEW OF NONRUMINANT DIGESTION

Nutrient Mouth Stomach Small intestine Large intestine

Starchinitiates

digestion to maltose

Pancreatic amylase & intestinal maltase to

glucose

Disaccharides Intestinal disaccharidases to monosacharides

Structural carbohydrates

Fermented to:

Amylase

Volatile Fatty Acids

(VFA’s)

REVIEW OF NONRUMINANT DIGESTION

Nutrient Mouth Stomach Small intestine Large intestine

Protein and pepsin

peptides

Proteases (pancreas) dipeptidases

(intestine)

Lipids (Including fat-soluble vitamins)

Bile salts & pancreatic lipase to

monoglycerides, fatty acids, and fat-soluble

vitamins

Water soluble vitamins

Absorption Produced during

fermentation

HCL

Amino acids

AVIAN DIGESTIVE TRACT

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AVIAN AND NONRUMINANT MAMMALIAN DIGESTIVE TRACTS

• Mouth– Prehension of feed– No teeth– No amylase

• Esophagus– Has crop for feed storage

• Stomach– Proventriculus before feed is ground

• Gizzard– Grinds feed

• Small intestine– No lactase

• Large intestine – Small in most species

• Cloaca– Organ where feces mixed with urinary waste products

(Ventriculus)

(Ceca)

RUMINANT DIGESTIVE TRACT

FUNCTIONS OF PARTS OF THE RUMINANT DIGESTIVE TRACT

• Mouth– Prehension of feed

• Lips and tongue– Chewing

• Eating and Rumination– Taste

• Avoidance– Secretion of saliva

• Secretion of buffers– NaHCO3 and NaH2PO4

– Maintain rumen pH• Recycling of N, Na, P, and water to rumen• Bloat prevention

• Esophagus– Involved in rumination and eructation

• Stomach– Reticulum, rumen & omasum

• Fermentation• Absorption of fermentation endproducts

– Abomasum• Secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen

• Small intestine– Similar to non-ruminant– No sucrase

• Large intestine– Similar to non-ruminant– More important in browsing species

CARBOHYDRATE DIGESTION IN RUMINANTS

Starch Structural CHO

Methane Undegraded Small intestine (Digestion similar to NR) Fermented

Volatile fatty acids (VFA)

Liver & peripheral tissues

Energy and fat synthesis

PROTEIN DIGESTION IN RUMINANTS

True protein NPN

Undegraded Small intestine Metabolizable Degraded proteinRecycled viasaliva (20% of dietary N) NH3 Microbial protein

NH3

Liver

Urea Kidney Excreted

LIPID DIGESTION IN RUMINANTS

Fat

Undegraded Small intestine (Digestion similar to NR) Degraded

Glycerol

VFA Long chain FA Saturated FA

Liver & peripheral tissues

Energy and fat synthesis

What is the primary volatile fatty acid produced in the rumen fed a high forage diet?

1. Acetic acid2. Butyric acid3. Lactic acid4. Conjugated linoleic acid5. Propionic acid