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Animal Science/Dairy Science 434. Reproductive Physiology Female Anatomy. Female Reproductive Tract Anatomy. Learning Objectives. To be able to describe the female reproductive system in cattle. Structure Function. Male. Stallion. Female. Mare. Equine - Horse. Female. Cow. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Animal Science/Dairy Science 434
Reproductive Physiology
Female Anatomy
Female Reproductive Tract Anatomy
•To be able to describe the female reproductive system in cattle.»Structure
»Function
Learning Objectives
Updated:04/22/23
Equine - Horse
Female MareMale Stallion
Updated:04/22/23
Bovine - CattleFemale CowMale Bull
Updated:04/22/23
Ovine - SheepFemale EweMale Ram
Updated:04/22/23
Porcine - Swine - Pig
Female SowMale Boar
Updated:04/22/23
Avian - Chicken
Female HenMale Rooster
Updated:04/22/23
Vulva
Vagina
Cervix
Uterine Body
Clitoris
Urethra
Bladder
Uterine HornUterine Horn
OvaryOvary
Oviduct
Oviduct
Updated:04/22/23
Uterus
Ovary
Oviduct
Broad Ligament
CervixBladder
PelvisVagina
Vulva
Rectum
Updated:04/22/23
Broad Ligament
• connective tissue sheet which supports and suspends the reproductive tract
BL - Broad LigamentUH - Uterine HornO - OvaryOD - Oviduct
Broad Ligament
• Mesometrium» Supports Uterus
• Mesosalpinx» Supports Oviduct
• Mesovarium» Supports Ovary
Ovary - Primary Sex Organ
Updated:04/22/23
•Functions»Hormonal
•Estrogen•Progesterone
»Female gamete•Oocyte
Updated:04/22/23
Ovary
Corpus Luteum Corpus Luteum
Follicle - Estrogen, Oocyte
Progesterone Progesterone
Updated:04/22/23
Blood and lymphaticVessels & nerves Hilus}
OvaryGerminal
Epithelium
TunicaAlbuginea
TunicaAlbuginea
85% of Ovarian Cancers
85% of Ovarian Cancers
Cortex
Medulla
Updated:04/22/23
Tertiary folliclePrimary follicle
Tertiaryfollicle
Egg nest
Secondary follicle
Atretic follicle
Corpus albicansCorpus luteumCorpushemorrhagicum
Ruptured follicle(ovulation)
Updated:04/22/23
Tertiary folliclePrimary follicle
Tertiaryfollicle
Secondary follicle
Atretic follicle
Corpus albicansCorpus luteumCorpushemorrhagicum
Ruptured follicle(ovulation)
Updated:04/22/23
Tertiary folliclePrimary follicle
Tertiaryfollicle
Secondary follicle
Atretic follicle
Corpus albicansCorpus luteumCorpushemorrhagicum
Ruptured follicle(ovulation)
Updated:04/22/23
Tertiary folliclePrimary follicle
Tertiaryfollicle
Secondary follicle
Atretic follicle
Corpus albicansCorpus luteumCorpushemorrhagicum
Ruptured follicle(ovulation)
Primordial Follicle
Primary Follicle
Secondary follicle
Tertiary follicle
Follicle Cells• Flattened cells
surround oocyte
• Increase in size of oocyte andheight of follicular cells
• Surrounded by severallayers of follicular cells
Nucleus
Ooplasma
Follicular Cells
• Follicle forms a fluidfilled cavity
• Differentiation of cell layersin the follicle wall
Oocyte
Antrum
Updated:04/22/23
Antrum
Theca Externa
Theca Interna
Granulosa
Cumulus Oophorus
Oocyte
(Follicular Fluid)
Tertiary Follicle
BasementMembrane
Updated:04/22/23
Tertiary Follicle
Granulosa
Theca Interna
CumulusOophorus
Antrum
Oocyte
Updated:04/22/23
Follicular Blood SupplyTheca interna cells
Granulosa cells
Follicularfluid
Capillarynetwork
Basement Membrane
Updated:04/22/23
Circular smoothmuscle layerCircular smoothmuscle layer
Longitudinal smoothmuscle layerLongitudinal smoothmuscle layer
MuscularisMuscularis
SerosaSerosa
SubmucosaSubmucosa
LumenLumen
MucosaMucosa
Secondary Sex Organ: A Series of Tubes to Convey the Oocyte/Embryo/Fetus to the Outside
Secondary Sex Organ: A Series of Tubes to Convey the Oocyte/Embryo/Fetus to the Outside
Updated:04/22/23
Functions of Oviduct
•Gamete Transport»Sperm
»Oocyte
•Supports early embryo development
•Transport of embryo to uterus
Updated:04/22/23
Oviduct
Uterine Horn
Utero-Tubal Junction
Ampullary-IsthmicJunction
Isthmus
Ampulla
Infundibulum(20 - 30 cm2)
Fimbria
Ostium
FollicleOvary
Cumulus Oophorusand Oocyte
Oviduct
Oviduct
Updated:04/22/23
Oviduct Histology
•Ciliated Columnar•Nonciliated Columnar
Mucosa
Updated:04/22/23
Functions of the Uterus• Muscle contractions
»Transport sperm
»Expel fetus and placenta
• Absorption and phagocytosis
• Partially prepares sperm for fertilization»capacitation
• Provides environment for embryo and fetal growth
• Hormone production»Prostaglandin F2 production
Updated:04/22/23
Uterus (bovine)
•Bicornuate»poorly to
moderately developed uterine horns
»uterine body
»one cervix
cervix
body
horn
Uterus
Updated:04/22/23
Uterine Histology
Perimetrium
Endometrium
MyometriumEndometrial
Glands
Updated:04/22/23
Mucosa
Submucosa
Myometrium
EndometriumEndometrial
Gland
Perimetrium
Uterine Histology
Updated:04/22/23
Functions of the Cervix
•Transport of sperm
•Barrier to sperm (species dependent)
•Reservoir for sperm
•Blocking bacterial invasion during pregnancy
•Birth canal
Updated:04/22/23
Cervix
•Cervix is composed of thick connective tissue
COW
Cow has 4-5annular rings
Uterine Body
Vagina
External Cervical Os
Internal Cervical Os
• Mucus is secreted near the time of breeding and ovulation.
External Cervical
Os
Updated:04/22/23
Functions of the Vagina
•Copulatory organ
•Glands secrete lubrication
•Birth canal
•Glands secrete pheromones
Updated:04/22/23
Vagina Anterior Vagina Posterior Vagina (Vestibule)
ColumnarEpithelium
StratifiedSquamousEpithelium
Submucosa
Urethra
Submucosa
Mucosa
FornixFornix
Vulva-Vaginal Sphincter
Vulva-Vaginal Sphincter
Cervix
Updated:04/22/23
Posterior Vaginal Histology
Stratified SquamousEpithelium
MucosaMucosa
SubmucosaSubmucosa
Updated:04/22/23
Function of External Genitalia
•Labia»Closes entrance to vagina
•Clitoris»Female sensory organ
Updated:04/22/23
External Genitalia of the Cow
Anus
Labia
Clitoris
Labia
Vulva
Updated:04/22/23
Phenomena For Fertility• vagina dentata - a vagina with teeth
• female bedbug - no vagina
• hysterectomy - if woman went to long without becoming pregnant then uterus would wonder in body causing hysteria and other distresses
• hyena - clitoris is very large and looks like the male penis; female also has a false scrotum (labia); female is the dominate sex and produces more testosterone than male