ae-bmfw - SCERT...ae-bmfw So®¿ sSIvÃv Xbm-dm- n-bXv kwÿm\ hnZym-`ymk Kth-jW ]cn-io-e\ kanXn (SCERT), tIcfw 2015 VIII Ãm≥tU¿Uv tIc-f-k¿ m¿ hnZym-`ym-k-h-Ip∏v State Council

$Page 1: ae-bmfw - SCERT...ae-bmfw So®¿ sSIvÃv Xbm-dm- n-bXv kwÿm\ hnZym-`ymk Kth-jW ]cn-io-e\ kanXn (SCERT), tIcfw 2015 VIII Ãm≥tU¿Uv tIc-f-k¿ m¿ hnZym-`ym-k-h-Ip∏v State Council$
ae-bmfwSo®¿ sSIvÃv

Xbm-dm-°n-bXv

kwÿm\ hnZym- ymk Kth-jW ]cn-io-e\ kanXn (SCERT), tIcfw

2015

VIIIÃm≥tU¿Uv

tIc-f-k¿°m¿

hnZym- ym-k-h-Ip∏v

State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT)Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, Kerala.

website : www.scert.kerala.gov.in, email : [email protected] : 0471-2341883, Fax : 0471-2341869

First Edition : 2015

{]Xn⁄

C¥y Fs‚ cmPyamWv. F√m C¥y°mcpw Fs‚ ktlmZco

ktlmZc∑mcmWv.

Rm≥ Fs‚ cmPysØ kv-t\ln°p∂p; kºq¿Whpw sshhn[y

]q¿Whpamb AXns‚ ]mcºcyØn¬ Rm≥ A`nam\wsIm≈p∂p.

Rm≥ Fs‚ amXm]nXm°sfbpw Kpcp°∑mscbpw apXn¿∂hscbpw

_lpam\n°pw.

Rm≥ Fs‚ cmPyØns‚bpw Fs‚ \m´pImcpsSbpw t£aØn\pw

sFizcyØn\pw th≠n {]bXv\n°pw.

P\KWa\ A[n\mbI Pbtl

`mcX `mKyhn[mXm,

]©m_kn‘p KpPdmØ admTm

{ZmhnU DXv°e _wKm,

hn‘ylnamNe bap\mKwKm,

D—ePe[nXcwKm,

Xhip`\mta PmtK,

Xhip` Binj amtK,

Kmtl Xh PbKmYm

P\KWawKeZmbI Pbtl

`mcX `mKyhn[mXm.

Pbtl, Pbtl, Pbtl,

Pb Pb Pb Pbtl!

tZio-b-Km\w

{]nb A[ym-]-Itc,

amXr-`mj F∂ \ne-bnepw Nn¥-bp-sSbpw ]T-\-Øn-

s‚bpw t_m[-\-Øn-s‚bpw am[yaw F∂ \ne-bn-epw -

a-e-bmfØn\p khn-ti-j-{]m-[m-\y-ap-≠v. C°mcyw

Dƒs°m-≠p-sIm≠v `mjm-¢m-kp-Iƒ Bfl-hn-izm-k-

tØmsS ssIImcyw sNøp-∂-Xn-\m-h-iy-amb Bi-b-

ßfpw {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw Cu "So®¿sSIvÃn¬' \¬In-bn-

cn-°p∂p; ae-bm-f-]-T\w ck-I-chpw hn⁄m-\-{]-Z-hp-am-

°m-\p≈ hgn-Ifpw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. F√m IpńIƒ°pw

]T-\-t\´w Dd-∏m-°pI F∂-XmWv \ΩpsS e£yw.

CXn\v ]cym-]vX-amb coXn-bn¬ CXnse {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

hnI-kn-∏n®v \S-∏n-em-°p-sa∂v {]Xo-£n-°p-∂p.

kvt\lmiwkItfmsS,

tUm. Fkv. cho-{μ≥\m-b¿

UbdŒ¿

Fkv.kn.C.B¿.Sn.

inev]imebn¬ ]s¶SpØh¿

• Sn.-_n. APo-jvIp-am¿, Kh. sslkvIqƒ a∂mw-I-≠w, ASn-am-en, CSp°n• A\n¬Ip-am¿. sI, Kh.-tKƒkv.-F-®v.-F-kv.-Im-k-d-tKmUv• A\n-X-Ip-am-cn.-sI.-F-kv, Pn.F-®v.-F-kv. At©cn• F_n ]m∏-®≥, anemtZ sj-do v.-F-®v.-F-kv.Fkv, ssa\m-K-∏-≈n, sIm√w• tUm. sI.-F-kv. _nPp-tam≥, Kh.-hn.-F-®v.-F-kv. t^m¿ tKƒkv, Xncq¿, ae-∏pdw• Fw.kn. {]tamZvIp-am¿, sP.-F≥.-Fw.Pn.F®v.-F-kv.-Fk,v ]pXp∏Ww, hS-Ic• -Sn. Hma-\, _n.-B¿.-kn, sN¿∏p-f-t»-cn, ]me-°mSv• ]n.sI. Pb-cm-P≥, _n.B¿.-kn, Imk-d-tKmUv• tUm. Fw. _me≥, Fkv.-F-kv.-F, Imk-d-tKmUv• ]n. blnb, Pn.hn.F®v.Fkv.Fkv, ]øm\°¬, tImgnt°mSv• F. keow, Kh.- tKƒkv F-®v.-F-kv, s\Sp-a-ßm-Sv, Xncp-h-\¥-]pcw• hnt\m-bvtXm-a-kv, Kh.-F-®v.-F-kv.-Fkv t]cn-b, hb-\mSv• _m_p tImSw-th-en¬, Kh.-F-®v.-F-kv.-Fkv Inkn-aw, ]Ø-\w-Xn´• F®v. jΩn- tem-d≥kv, sk‚ v tPmk vkv F®v.Fkv.-Fkv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw• sI. cmtPjvIp-am¿, Kh. F®v.-F-kv.-F-kv. cma-]p-cw, Be-∏pg• tUm. sI. {]tam-Zv, eIvN-d¿, Ub-‰v, Xr»q¿• Fw. {iol¿j≥, \{º-ØvIc bp.-]n.-kvIq-ƒ, sImbn-em≠n• iin aS-hq¿, dn´.- A-[ym-]-I≥, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw

hnZKv[]cntim[\

• tUm. tPm¿Pv HmW°q¿, ap≥Ub-d-IvS¿, tÃ‰v C≥Ãn-‰yq v Hm v F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Un-b.• {io. ]n. \mcmbWtat\m≥, dn´. {]^k¿, tIcfh¿a tImtfP,v Xriq¿• AP-b≥ ]\-b-d, Akn. s{]m -k¿, Kh. hna≥kv tImtf-Pv, Xncp-h\-¥-]pcw• km_p tIm´p-°¬, Akn. {]^-k¿, bq\n-th-gvkn‰n tImtf-Pv, Xncp-h\-¥-]pcw

A°mZanIv tImUnt\‰¿

• tPmkvIp- n.- Fw.kn, dnk¿®v Hmôk¿, Fkv.kn.C.B¿.Sn. tIcf

1. tIcf kvIqƒ ]mTy-]-≤Xn 2013 ˛ s]mXp-k-ao-]-\-w ....................................... 007

2. hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ -k-ao-]\w........................................ 0333. -`mjm-]T\Ønte°v................................................ 049

4. tIc-f-]m-Tm-hen

4.1. C\n Rm\pW¿∂n-cn°mw...................................... 65 $ km{μ-kulrZw $ AΩΩ $ hgn-bm{X

4.2. hmbv°p∂p `qan°v h¿W-ßƒ........................... 85 $ ]q°-fpw B≠-dp-Xn-Ifpw $ Im¿ap-In-en\v KZy-Øn¬ Hcp A¿®-\m-KoXw $ ap‡-Ißƒ

4.3. A\y-Po-h-\p-XIn kzPo-hnXw .............................. 108 $ Fs‚ Kpcp-\m-Y≥ $ `qan-bpsS kz]v\w $ thZw

4.4. Imew Z¿in® ckm-\p- q-Xn-Iƒ ............................ 128 $ amWnIyhoW $ [¿Ωn-jvT-\mb cmt[-b≥ $ s]cp-¥-®≥

4.5. Ie-X≥ Im¥n X´p-tºmƒ .................................... 159 $ Ce-™n-Ø-d-tafw $ Io¿Øn-ap{Z $ Ifn-b-—≥ P\n-°p∂p $ IhnX-tbmSv

5: ASn-ÿm\-]m-Tm-hen

5.1. ]ns∂bpw ]q°pao Nn√-Iƒ ................................ 186 $ ]pXp-h¿jw $ B hmg-sh v $ FÆ-\n-d® Ic≠n

5.2. IÆp-th-W-an-cp-]p-d-sa-t∏mgpw ............................... 210 $ c≠p a’y-ßƒ $ In´pw- ]-W-sa-¶n-en-t∏mƒ $ tX≥I\n

5.3. Hm¿Ω-Iƒs°-¥p- kp-K‘w!................................. 236 $ Ip∏mbw $ _jo¿ F∂ _ey H∂v $ \\-bm-Ø- ag

D≈-S°w


So®¿So®¿So®¿So®¿So®¿ sSIvÃvsSIvÃvsSIvÃvsSIvÃvsSIvÃv

7

1

s]mXp-hmb Pohn-X-Kp-W-ta-∑-sIm≠v C¥y°p apgp-h≥ amXr-I-bmb kwÿm-\-amWv tIc-fw. s]mXp-hn-Zym- ym-k-Øns‚ hym]\w, s]mXp-P-\m-tcm-Ky-cw-KsØ anIhvF∂nh-bmWv {][m-\-ambpw tIcf-Øns‚ Cu t\ -Øn\p Imc-Ww. kaq-l-ØnseF√m hn`mKw Ipń-I--sfbpw hnZ-ym-e-b-ß-fn-se-Øn-°m≥ Ign-s™-¶nepw F√m-h¿°pwKpW-ta-∑-bp≈ hnZ-ym- -ymkw \¬IpI F∂Xv tIc-f-Ønse hnZym - -ym-k-cwKw t\cn-Sp∂ G‰hpw henb sh√p-hn-fnbm-Wv. 1986 se tZiob hnZ-ym- ymk \bsØØpS¿∂vKpW-ta∑ e£ywh®p≈ hym-]-I-amb ASn-ÿm-\-ku-I-c-y-hn-I-k-\hpw A[-ym-]-I-]-cn-io-e-\ -]-cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw \S-∂n- p-≠v. CtXm-sSm∏w ]mT-y-]-≤-Xnsb inip-tI-{μo-Ir-Xhpw {]h¿Ø\m-[n-jvTn-Xhpw {]{In-bm-_-‘n-X-hp-am°n Imtem-Nn-X-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈]cn-{i-a-ßfpw D≠mbn. CXns‚ ê-ambn Adn-hns\ \n¿an-°p∂ {]{In-b-bmWv¢mkv-ap-dn -I-fn¬ \S-t°-≠-sX∂ Xncn-®-dn -hp-≠mbn. C{]-Imcw IpńsbhnZym`ymk{]{In-b-bpsS tI{μ-ÿm-\Øp \n¿Øp∂-Xn-\p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°vXpS°w Ipdn-°m≥ \ap°p Ign-™n- p-≠v.

PohnXØns‚ kakvX- ta-J-e-Ifpw A\p-\n-anjw amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. t_m[-\-imkv{Xw, ]T-\-a\ximkv{Xw F∂n-h-bnse ]pXnb Is≠-Ø-ep-Ifpw {]mtbm-KnIm\p--h-ßfpw Iptd°qSn sa®-s∏- -co-Xn-bn¬ ]T-\-km-a{KnIfpsS \n¿am-Whpw ]T-\m-

\p- -h-ß-fpsS hn\n-a-bhpw hne-bn-cp-Øepw \S-Øp-∂-Xn\v \sΩ {]m]vX-cm-°p-∂p.F√m hn`mKw Ipń-I-fp-sSbpw ]T\]ptcm-KXn \mw e£ywhbv°p∂p.

""hy-X-y-kvX-amb kmaq-lnI˛kmº-ØnI ]›m-Ø-e-ap≈, hy-X-y-kvX-amb imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-Ihpw _u≤n-I-hp-amb Ign-hp-I-fp≈ F√m Ipń-Iƒ°pw ]Tn-°m\pwkvIqfp-I-fn¬ hnPbw ssIh-cn-°m\pw Ign-bp-sa∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-Ø-Ww. enwKw, PmXn,`mj, kwkvIm-cw, aXw, AwK-ssh-I-e-y-ßƒ apX-em-b-h-bn¬\n∂v DS-se-Sp-°p∂]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ adn-I-S-°m≥ \b-ßfpw ]≤-Xn-Ifpw am{Xw t]mcm, ssii-h-L´w apX-¬-Xs∂ tbm-P-y-amb ]T-\-e-£-y-ßfpw A[-ym-]-\-co-Xn-Ifpw Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-Ibpwcq]-I-ev]\ sNøp-Ibpw th≠-Xp-≠v'' (F≥.-kn.-F v. 2005, ]pdw˛27).

$ hy-X-y-kvX-amb kmaq-lnI˛kmº-ØnI ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-ep-≈-h¿.

$ imco-cn-Itam am\-kn-Itam _u≤n-I-tam Bbn hy-X-y-kvX-amb Ign-hp-I-fp-≈h¿.

Cßs\- F√m hn`m-K-Ønepw s] -h¿°v ]T-\-t\´w D≠m-Ip-∂-Xn\v hnZ-ym- -ym-k-{]-{In-b-bpsS F√m taJ-e-I-fnepw IqSp-X¬ kq£vahpw imkv{Xo-b-hp-amb \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ kzo-I-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cn-°-Ww \ΩpsS Ft∏mgsØbpw ImgvN-∏mSv F∂v F≥.--

1.1 BapJw

tIcf kvIqƒ ]mTy-]-≤Xn 2013

s]mXpkao-]\w

ebmfwF´mwXcw

8

kn-. F v. kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. Imtem-Nn-X-ambn ]mT-y-]-≤Xn \ho-I-cWw \S-Øn-s-°m-≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw kwhn-[m-\sØ {]h¿Ø\-\nc-Xam°pIbpw sNbvXm¬ am{XtaCu e£yw ssIh-cn-°m\mIq F∂v CXp ImWn-°p-∂p. Cu ImgvN-∏m-Sns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv Ct∏mƒ ]mT-y-]-≤Xn ]cn-jvI-cn-°p-∂-Xv. hnZ-ym- ymk {]{In-b-bn¬ \nc-¥cw CS-s]- p-sIm≠ncn-°p∂ F√m-h-cp-sSbpw A\p- -h-ßfpw Is≠-Ø-ep-Ifpw ]T-\˛K-th-j-W-ßfpw kzmw-io-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠mWv CXp \S-Øp-∂-Xv. icn-bn¬\n∂v IqSp-X¬ icn-bn-te°v F∂ imkv{Xobkao-]-\-amWv ChnsS kzo-Icn®ncn-°p-∂-Xv.

1.2 ]mT-y-]-≤Xn ]cn-jvI-c-W-Øns‚ {]k‡n

Ign™ A©p-h¿jØn-\n-S-bn¬ hnZ-ym- -ymkcwKØv \ho-\-amb Ht´sd Bi-b-ßƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏- n- p-≠v. C¥-y-bn-em-Is´, 2009 se hnZ-ym- -ymk Ah-Imi\nbaw{]m_-e-y-Øn¬h∂-tXmsS KpW-ta-∑-bp≈ hnZ-ym- -ymkw Ipń-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-ambnamdn-°-gn™p. Ah-Im-im-[n-jvTnX hnZ-ym-ebw (Right based Educational Institution)F∂ e£yw t\Sp-∂-Xn-\p-≈ ka{Kamb kvIqƒhn-I-k\ ]cn-t{]£yw \S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xn\v ]mT-y-]-≤-Xnsb A¥¿tZ-iob \ne-hm-c-Øn¬ FØn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.A¥¿tZ-iob\ne-hmcw F∂Xv GsX-¶nepw Hcp cmP-y-Øns‚ \ne-hm-c-a√, Hcp{]tX-yI L´w ]n∂n-Sp∂ Ipń temI-sØ-hn-sS-bm-sW-¶nepw B¿Pn-t°≠ Adn-hp-I-fp-sSbpw A\p- -h-ß-fp-sSbpw BsIØpI-bmWv. BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏´ anI® ]T-\ -t_m-[\amXr-I-Iƒ tIc-f-Ønse Ipń-Iƒ°v e`y-am-t°-≠-Xps≠∂v CXp ImWn-°p-∂p.

hnZym- ymk Ah-Imi\nb-a-Ønse ]mTy-]-≤Xn, hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ F∂n-h-bp-ambn_‘-s∏´ \nb-a-ßƒ ]mT-y-]-≤Xn ]cn-jvI-c-WØn¬ ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv.

hnZym-`ymk/Ah-Imi\nbaw ˛ 2009skIvj≥ ˛ 29 (A[ymbw 5)

]mTy-]-≤-Xnbpw hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ \S-]-Sn-{I-ahpw

(1) {]mY-anI hnZym- ym-k-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ ]mTy-]-≤-Xnbpw hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ \S-

]-Sn-{I-ahpw kap-Nn-X-k¿°m-cn-\m¬ hn⁄m-]\w hgn \n¿tZ-in-°-s∏-

Sp∂ Hcp A°m-Z-anI A[n-Im-c-ÿm-\-Øm¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-tS-≠-XmWv.

(2) A°m-Z-anI A[n-Im-c-ÿm\w 1˛mw D]-h-Ip∏v {]Im-c-ap≈ ]mTy-]-≤-Xnbpw

hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ \S-]-Sn-{I-ahpw {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-tºmƒ Xmsg ]d-bp-∂h ]cn-

K-Wn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. AXm-bXv :-

(a) `c-W-L-S-\-bn¬ {]Xn-jvTm-]n-X-amb aqey-ß-tfm-Sp≈ A\p-tbm-

PyX.

(b) Ipń-bpsS k¿h-tXmap-J-amb hf¿®.

(c) Ipń-bpsS Adnhpw Ignhpw sshZ-Kv[yhpw {ItaW h¿[n-∏n-°¬.


9

(d) imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb Ign-hp-I-fpsS kºq¿W hnIk\w.

(e) Ipń°v kulr-Z-]-c-am-bXpw Ipńsb tI{μo-I-cn-®n- p-≈-Xp-amb

Hcp coXn-bn¬ {]h¿Ø-\hpw I≠p]n-Sn-Øhpw ]cy-th-j-Whpw

aptJ-\-bp≈ ]T\w

(f) t_m[-\-am-[yaw {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-bn- p-≈n-S-tØmfw Ipń-bpsS amXr-

`m-j-bn-embncnt°-≠-Xm-sW-∂-Xv.

(g) `bw, am\-knI ]ncn-ap-dp-°-ap-≠m-°p∂ kml-N-cyw, DXvIWvT

F∂n-h-bn¬\n∂v Ipńsb hnap-‡-am-°epw kzX-{¥-ambn A`n-

{]mbw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v Ipńsb klm-bn-°-epw.

(h) Adnhv {Kln-°p-∂-Xn-\pw AXv {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn-\pap≈ Ipń-

bpsS Ign-hn-s‚ ka-{Khpw \nc-¥-c-hp-amb hne-bn-cp-Ø¬.

hnZym- ymk Ah-Im-i-\n-b-a-Øns‚ ]›mØ-e-Øn¬ \nc-¥-chpw ka-{K-hp-ambhne-bn-cp-Ø¬ c-W-L-S\m_m[y-X-bmbn amdn-bn-cn-°p-IbmWv. CXv Dd∏phcp-Øp∂Xc-Øn¬ ]mTy-]-≤Xn ]cn-jvI-cn-t°-≠Xv AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. Cu- ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-emWv ]mTy-]-≤Xn ]cn-jvI-c-WsØ \mw ho£n-t°-≠-Xv.

tIcf kvIqƒ ]mTy-]-≤-Xn- (2013) bpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Fs¥m-s°-sb∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.

1. ]TnXmhn¬ tI{μoIrXamb {]{Inbm_‘nXhpw {]h¿Øt\m∑pJhpwaqeym[njvTnXhpamb ]mTy]≤Xn.

2. _u≤nIXeØnepw {]{InbmXeØnepw at\m`mhXeØnepw aqeyßfpsSXeØnepw ]TnXmhv FØnt®tc≠ ]T\t\´ßƒ°v Du∂¬ \¬Ip∂p.

3. ⁄m\-\n¿ΩnXn F∂ XmØznIamb ASnØdbn¬\n∂psIm≠p≈]mTy]≤Xn.

4. hn\n-ab{]{In-b-bn¬ sshhn-[y-am¿∂Xpw bp‡-hp-amb ]T-\-X-{¥-ßƒkzoI-cn-°m\pw D]-tbm-Kn-°m-\p-ap≈ kzmX{¥yw A[ym-]-I¿°v \¬Ip-∂p.

5. ]T-\-t\- w, D≈-S°kz`m-hw, ]Tn-Xm-°-fpsS hyXykvX \ne-hmcw F∂nhXncn-®-dn™v hnhn[ ]T\˛t_m[\ coXn-Iƒ \S-∏n-em-°p∂-Xn-\p≈ hg-°w. Is≠-Ø¬ ]T\w, Bi-b-k-ºm-Z\coXn, BK-a-\-Nn¥mcoXn, Nn¥-sb-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°m-\p≈ Ign-hp-Iƒ hf¿Ø¬, kl-I-c-W-]-T\w, kl-h¿Øn-Xz-]-T-\w, {]Xn- -e-\-Nn¥ hf¿Ø¬, hy‡n-]-c-ambpw kwL-]-c-ambpw Ah-k-c-ßƒ \¬I¬ apX-em-bh ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂p.

6. kuP-\yhpw km¿h-{Xn-I-hp-amb hnZym- ym-kw F∂-Xp-t]mse F√m Ipń-I-fp-sSbpw ]T-\-t\´w Dd-∏m-°pI-sb-∂-Xn\p {]m[m-\yw \¬Ip-∂p.

7. {]o˛ss{]adn apX¬ lb¿ sk-°-≠dn hsc ]cn-K-Wn-®p-sIm-≠p-≈- ka-{K-ambn ]mTy-]-≤-Xn.

8. Hmtcm ¢mknepw hnhn-[ -hn-j-b-ß-fnse D≈-S°w tZiobXe-Ønse D≈-S°Ønt\mSv GIo-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v tIc-f-Øn-t‚-Xmb ]mT-]p-kvXIßƒ Xøm-dm-°p∂p.

9. tZio-b-X-e-Øn-se-∂Xpt]mse H∂v, c≠v ¢mkp-I-fn-te°v amXr- mj (]cn-k-c-]-T\w DZv{K-Yn®v), KWnXw, Cw•ojv F∂n-ßs\ aq∂p ]mT-]p-kvX-I-ßƒXøm-dm-°p-∂p.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

10

kuP\yhpw \n¿_‘nXhpamb hnZym`ymkØn\p≈ IpńIfpsSAhImiw -˛ tIcf N´ßfpw hIp-∏p-Ifpw 2011

A°m-Z-anI A[n-Imc tI{μw

1. 29 ˛mw hIp∏ns‚ BhiyØnte°v kwÿm\ hnZym`ymk KthjW

]cnioe\ Iu¨kn¬ (SCERT) Bbncn°pw A°mZanI A[nImctI{μw.

2. (1) ˛mw D]N´Øn≥ Iogn¬ hn⁄m]\w sNbvXn´p≈ A°mZanI

A[nImctI{μw Icn°pehpw aqey\n¿Wb \S]Sn{Iaßfpw

Xømdm°ptºmƒ Cu BIvSnse 29˛mw hIp∏ns‚ (2) ˛mw D]hIp∏ns‚

D]Jfiw (a) apX¬ (f) hscbp≈ hyhÿIƒ°v tZmj-IcamImØhn[w.

(a) {]kIvXhpw {]mbm\pkrXhpamb kne_kn\pw

]mT]pkvXIßƒ°pw ASnÿm\ PohnXss\]pWn ]I¿∂p

\¬Ip∂Xn\mhiyamb ]T\ kma{KnIƒ Dƒs∏sSbp≈

]T\kma{KnIƒ°pw a‰pw cq]w \¬IpIbpw;

(b) H∂papX¬ F´phscbp≈ ¢mkpIfnte°v Hmtcm hnjbØn\pw

Bhiyamb an\naw ]T\êw \n¿Wbnt°≠Xpw IpńIƒ°pth≠n

anIhpkqNIßƒ hnIkn∏n°p∂tXmsSm∏w IpńIfpsS

]T\êØn\p th≠nbp≈ A[ym]IcpsS DØchmZnXz

am\Zfißƒ°v cq]w \¬IpIbpw;

(c) ]T\˛t_m[\ êØns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬ C≥ ˛k¿hokv A[ym]I

]cnioe\ kma{KnIƒ hnIkn∏n°pIbpw;

(d) 1995 ˛ se sshIeyap≈ hy‡nIƒ (XpeymhImißƒ,

AhImißfpsS kwc£Whpw ]q¿W ]¶mfnØhpw) BIvSns‚

hyhÿIƒ A\pkcn®v sshIeyap≈ IpńIƒ°v hnZym`ymkw

\¬Ip∂Xn\p th≠n A[ym]I¿°v {]o ˛ k¿hokv, C≥ ˛ k¿hokv

]cnioe\ ]cn]mSnIƒ°v cq]w \¬IpIbpw;

(e) \nc-¥-chpw ka-{K-hp-amb aqey-\n¿Wbw \S-∏n¬ hcp-Øp-∂-Xn\v Bh-

iy-amb am¿K-\n¿tZ-i-ßƒ Xbm-dm-°p-Ibpw;

(f) \b]cn]mSnIƒ, t{]m{KmapIƒ, Icn°pew, IpńIfpsS t_m[\êw

F∂nhsb°pdn®v KthjWßfpw ]T\ßfpw Gs‰Sp°pIbpw AXv

IΩoj≥ sNøpIbpw.

10. H∂p apX¬ \mep hscbp≈ ¢mkpIfnte°v Cw•ojv aoUnbw]mT]pkvXIßfpw Xømdm°p-∂p.

11. t{ijvT`mj F∂ \nebnepw amXr`mj F∂ \nebnepw aebmf`mjm]T\Øn\v {]tXyI {]m[m\yw \¬Ip∂p.

12. {]o-˛ss{]adn hnZym`ymkØn\mbn GIoIrX]mTy]≤Xn cq]oIcn®vHu]NmcnI hnZym`ymkØns‚ mKam°n amt‰≠XmsW∂v \n¿-tZin°p∂p.

13. hnhchn\nab kmt¶XnIhnZy (sF.kn.Sn.) Hcp {]tXyI ]mTyhnjbwF∂Xnep]cn ]mTyhnjbßfpsS hn\nabw ê{]Zam°p∂Xnte°p≈ HcpD]m[nbmbn D]tbmKnt°≠XmWv.


11

14. {]tXyI ]cn-K-W-\-b¿ln-°p∂ Ipń-Iƒ°v hyXy-kvXhpw \qX-\-hp-amb]T-\-X-{¥-ßƒ Bhn-jvI-cn®p \S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xn-s\m∏w A\p-tbm-P-y-amb hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw cq]-s∏-SpØn \S-∏n-em-°p∂p.

15. ]T-\-t\- -ß-fn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb ka-{Khpw \nc¥c-hp-amb hne-bn-cp-Ø¬(CCE) Dd∏phcp-Øp∂p.

16. BtcmKy˛ImbnIhnZym`ymkw, IemhnZym`ymkw, {]hr-Øn-]cn-Nb]-T\wF∂nh \n¿_‘nX]mTyhnjbßfm°n ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂p.

17. lb¿ sk-°-≠-dn-X-e-Øn¬ Imem-\p-kr-X-amb ]mT-]p-kvX-I-ßƒ Xøm-dm-°p-∂p.

18. tZiobhnZym- ym-k-\nb-a-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ Ah-Im-im-[n-jvTnXhnZym- ym-k-Øn\v Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂p.

19. A[-ym-]-Is\ Hcp kl-c-£m-I¿Øm-hns‚ (Mentor) Xe-Øn-te°vDb¿Øn Ipń°v kvIqfn-\-IØpw ¢mkvap-dn-bnepw th≠p∂ Icp-Xepw XWepwA\p- -hn-°m≥ Ah-k-c-sam-cp-°p∂p.

20. A[ym-]-I¿ ]men-t°≠ [m¿anI\nb-a-kw-ln-Xbv°v (Code of ProfessionalEthics for School Teachers) Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂p.

21. 21˛mw \q‰m-≠nse ]T\ss\]p-Wn-Iƒ (21st Century Learning Skills) B¿Pn-°p-∂ -X-c-Øn¬ Imtem-Nn-X-am-b-Xv.

22. am\p-jnIaqey-ßƒ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Xe-ap-dsb krjvSn-°m≥ ]cym-]vX-am-b-Xv.

23. Ah-k-c-Xp-ey-Xbpw ka-Xzhpw (Equity and Equality) e`n-°p∂ hnZym- ym-k-Øn-\-\p-kr-X-am-b-Xv.

]T-\sØ kzm- m-hn-I-am-°n, ]Tn-Xm-°-fp-sS _u-≤n-Ihpw am-\-kn-I--hpw {]-h¿-Ø-\-]-c-hpam-bp≈ k-a-{K hn-Im-kw e-£-y-am°p∂ a-kv-Xn-jv-I˛lr-Z-b˛l-kv-X˛ka-\-zn-X-am-b ]mT-y-]-≤-XnbmWv (Curriculum for the harmony of Head, Heart and Hand)\mw hnh-£n-°p-∂Xv.

F¶n¬ ]mTy-]-≤Xn kao-]\w Fß-s\-bm-bn-cn-°Ww? AXns‚ ssk≤m-¥n-Ihpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-hp-amb ASn-Ød F¥m-bn-cn-°Ww?

1.3 ]mTy-]-≤Xnkao-]\w

⁄mt\-{μn-b-ßfneqsS Np‰p-]m-Sn¬\n∂p ]Tn-°m-\p≈ ss\k¿Kn-I-amb Ign-hp-I-tfmsS-bmWv Ipń P\n-°p-∂-Xv. temIsØ ]pXnb coXn-bn¬ t\m°n-°m-Wm\pwa\- n-em-°m\pw CS-]-g-Im-\pw hne-bn-cp-Øm-\p-ap≈ km[y-X-I-fmWv hnZym-e-b-Ønse Hu]-Nm-cnI]T\w hgn Ipń°v e`n-°p∂Xv.

Xs‚ ap∂n-ep≈ {]iv\-k-μ¿ -ß-fn¬ CS-s]- p-sIm≠v {]iv\-]-cn-l-c-W-Øn¬G¿s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-eq-sS-bmWv ]T\w \S-°p-∂-Xv. ]mTy-]-≤Xn hn\n-ab-k-ao-]-\-Øns‚khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Fs¥m-s°-bm-bn-cn-°Ww?

$ {]h¿Ø--\m-[n-jvTnXw$ {]{In-bm-_-‘nXw$ ]T\w Dd-∏m-°p-∂Xv.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

12

$ ]T-\-t\- -ßƒ ssIh-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v ]cym-]vX-am-b-Xv.

$ ]cn-ÿn-Xn- kulr-Z-]-c-am-bXv$ hnIm-k-ta-JeIsf ]cn-K-Wn-

°p-∂-Xv.$ ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ {]Ir-X-Øn\v

tbmPn-®Xv.$ ]T-\-tØm-sSm∏w hne-bn-cp-

Øepw HØp-tN¿∂p t]mIp-∂-Xv.

⁄m\\n¿anXnhmZ-Øn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb ]T-\-co-Xn-bmWv ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bpsS B[m-cw. ]Tn -Xm -hns‚B¿PnXamb Adn-hn-s\bpw Bi-b-]-cn-k-c-sØbpw ]cn-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠vê-{]-Z-amb ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒHcp-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS kzm`m-hn-I-ambnAdnhv \n¿an-s®-Sp-°m≥ km[n°pwF∂-XmWv Cu ImgvN-∏m-Sn-s‚{]tXy-I-X.

]T\m-\p- -h-ßƒ

hyXykvX PohnXkml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ \n∂p- h-cp∂ ]Tn-Xm-°-fpsSB¿PnXamb Adn -h v , Ign -h v ,Xm¬∏cyw F∂nh hyXy-kvX-am-W-t√m. Cu sshhn-[ysØ Dƒs°m-≠v, hy‡n-hy-Xym-k-sØbpw _lp-apJ_p≤n-sbbpw ]cn -K-Wn-®p -sIm≠v ]T-\m-\p- -h-ßƒ Hcp-°pIF∂-XmWv {][m\w.

]T-\m-¥-co£w

]Tn-Xm-hns‚ Xmev]-cy-hpw hnIm-khpw ]cn-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠v sshhn-[y-ap≈ ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-°m≥ Ign-bpw-hn[w ¢mkvapdn{Iao-I-cn-°Ww. ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ hnZym¿Yn-tI-{μo-IrXam-h-Ww.AXn \p klm-b-I-am-Ipw-hn[ap≈]T-\m-¥-co-£-amWv k÷-am-t°-≠Xv.

]T-\-{]-{Inb

$ Hmtcm ]Tn-Xmhpw Ah-cpsS ap≥

Ipń-Iƒ G¿s∏- n-cn-°p∂ ⁄m\\n¿am-W-{]-{In-

b-bn¬ A[-ym-]-I¿ IqSp-X¬ kPo-h-amb ]¶p-h-ln-

°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬, AXv Ipń-I-fpsS Adn-hns\ i‡n-

s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. ]T-\-Øn¬ hym-]r-X-cm-bn-

cn -°p∂ Ipń -Iƒ kz¥w Adnhv \n¿an -°p -I-

bmWpsNøp-∂-Xv. Xßƒ kvIqfn¬ ]Tn-°p-∂-Xns\

]pdØp \S-°p∂ Imc-y-ß-fp-ambn _‘n-∏n-°m≥

th≠ tNmZ-y-ßƒ tNmZn-°p-hm≥ Ipń-Isf A\p-h-

Zn-°p-I, ImWm-∏mTw ]Tn®v Hscm‰ icn-bp-Øcw

\¬Ip-∂-Xn\p ]Icw kz¥w A\p-`-h-ß-fn¬\n∂v

kz¥w hm°p-I-fn¬ DØcw ]d-bm≥ t{]m’m-ln-

∏n-°p-I. CsX√mw Xß-fpsS Adnhv hnI-kn-∏n-°p-

hm≥ Ipń-Isf klm-bn-°p-∂, sNdpsX-¶nepw {][m-

\-amb, Nph-Sp-I-fmWv. _p≤n-]q¿h-I-amb Duln-°¬

A¿Y-h-Ømb Hcp t_m[t\m]m-[n-bm-Wv. AXv

t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°-Ww. ]e-t∏mgpw Xß-fpsS ssZ\w-

Zn -\m -\p -` -h -ß-fn¬\nt∂m am[-y -a -k-º¿°-

Øn¬\nt∂m Ipń-I-fpsS a\- n¬ Nne Bi-b-ßƒ

cq]-s∏-ń-´p-≠m-Imw. ]t£, So®¿ {]Xo-£n-°p∂

hm°p-I-fn¬ Ah {]I-Sn-∏n-°m≥ Ah¿°p ]‰n-

sb∂p hcn-√. Adn-™-Xns‚bpw IjvSn®v Adn-bp-

∂-Xns‚bpw CS-bv°p≈ CS-Øn¬ BWv ]pXnb

Adnhv krjvSn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. kvIqfn\p ]pdØv

hońtem kaq-l-Øntem hf¿Øn-s°m-≠p-h-cp∂ Ic-

hn-cp-Xp-I-fpsS cq]-Øn-em-bn-cn°pw ]e-t∏mgpw

CØcw Adnhv krjvSn-°-s∏-SpI. CØ-c-Øn-ep≈

F√m Adn-hp-Ifpw _lp-am-\n-°-s∏-S-Ww. Adnhpw

kwth-Z-\-£-a-X-bp-ap≈ Hcp So®¿ CXn-s\-∏‰n

t_m[-h-Xnbm-bn-cn-°pw. Ipń-I-fpsS hnIm-k-km-[-y-

X-Iƒ km£m-XvI-cn-°m≥ klm-bn-°p-∂-hn[w

{]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ \¬In-b-pw tNm-Z-y-ßƒ tNmZn®pw

Ahsc \bn-°m≥ So®¿°p Ign-bpw.

At\-z-jWw, ]c-y-th-j-Ww, tNmZ-yw-tNmZn-°¬,

Unt_-‰p-Iƒ, kn≤m-¥-cq-]o-I-c-W-Øn-te°pw Bi-

b-ß-fp-sSbpw \ne-]-mSp-I-fp-sSbpw krjvSn-bn-te°pw

\bn-°p∂ {]tbm-Khpw Nn¥bpw˛Ch-sbms° kPo-

h-amb CS-s]-S-ens‚ `mK-am-Wv. kvIqfp-Iƒ, tNmZ-y-

ßƒ tNmZn-°m\pw At\-z-jn-°m\pw X¿°n-°m\pw

a\\w sNøm\pw k¶-ev]-\-ß-fn¬ FØn-t®-cm\pw

]pXnb Bi-bßƒ D≠m-°m\pw Hs° Ah-kcw

Hcp-°Ww.

(F≥.-kn.-F- v. 2005, ]pdw ˛ 41, 42)


13

A\p- -h-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-Øn-bmWv ⁄m\\n¿amWw (Knowledge construc-tion) \S-Øp-∂-Xv.

$ hy‡n-X-e-Ønepw kmaq-lnIXe-Øn-ep-w ⁄m\\n¿am-Ww \S-°p-∂p-≠v.$ hnhn[ ]T-\-ssi-en-Isf (Learning Styles) ]cn-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠v hnhn[ C{μn-bm-

\p- -h-ßƒ (Multi sensory experiences) \¬Ip-∂Xp hgn ]T\w e-{]-Z-am-Ip∂p.$ kl-I-c-Wm-fl-Ihpw kwhm-Zm-fl-I-hp-amb A¥-co-£-Øn¬ ]T\w IqSp-X¬

ê-{]-Z-am-Ip-∂p.$ ]T-\-th-Kw ]cn-K-Wn®v ]T-\m-\p -h-ßƒ \¬Ip-∂Xphgn Ipń-bpsS ]T\w e-

{]-Z-am-Ip-∂p.$ ]mTy-h-kvXpX Xm¬∏-cy-P\Ihpw A¿Y-]q¿W-hp-am-°p-∂Xphgn ]T-\w

IqSpX¬ e-{]-Z-am-Ip-∂p.$ ]T-\m-\p- -h-ßƒ Nm{In-I-ambn (Spiralling) Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xphgn ]T\w IqSp-

X¬ e-{]-Z-am-Ip∂p.$ ]T\{]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v A\p-tbm-Py-amb hg°w (Flexibility), A\p-cq-]o-I-

cWw (Adaptations), ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS Xnc-s™-Sp∏v (Selection) F∂nhDd-∏m-°p∂XneqsS hyXykvX ]T\mhiyap≈-h-scbpw A`n-cp-Nn-bp≈-h-scbpw]cn-K-Wn-°mw.

$ aXn-bmb ]T-\m-\p- -h-ßƒ Hmtcm ]Tn-Xm-hn\pw e`n-°p-tºmƒ am{Xta ]T\-t\´w (Learning outcome) Dd-∏m-°m-\m-Iq.

$ ]T-\hpw hne-bn-cp-Øepw DZv{K-Yn-Xambn \S-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.$ hnj-bm-[n-jvTnXamb D≈-S°w (Content), ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ ]T-\m-h-iy-ßƒ F∂nh

]cn-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠v -tbm-Py-amb ]T-\ -t_m-[-\-co-Xn-Ifpw X{¥-ßfpw {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ F√m-h¿°pw ]T-\-t\´w (Learning outcome) ssIh-cn-°m≥km[n-°pw.

$ Hmtcm Ipń-bp-sSbpw ka-{K-hn-I-k\w (All-round development)- e£yw h®m-bn-cn-°Ww ]T-\-{]-{Inb \n›-bn-t°-≠-Xv.

1.4 ]T\-t\- -ßƒ (Learning Outcomes)hnhn[ hnj-b-ß-fp-ambn _‘n-∏n®v \¬Ip∂ ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS e-ambn

Adnhv, tijn-Iƒ, at\m- m-h-ßƒ, aqey-ßƒ F∂nh Ipń-bn¬ cq]-s∏-Sp-∂p. CXn¬NneXv {lkz-Im-e-bf-hn¬ B¿Pn-°p-∂Xpw NneXv Zo¿L-Imew sIm≠v B¿Pn-°p-∂-Xp-am-bn-cn-°pw. Cßs\ Ipń-bn-ep-≠m-th≠ am‰-ßsf ap≥Iqń \n›-bn-°m≥\ap°p km[n-°pw. ]mTy-]-≤Xn cq]oIcn-°p-tºmƒ kvIqƒ hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚hnhn[ L -ß-fn¬ Ipń ssIh-cn-t°≠ e£y-ß-fmbn \mw IW-°m-°p-∂-h-bmWv]T-\-t\- -ßƒ. GXm\pw ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS t{iWn-bn-eqsS Hmtcm bqWn-‰nepwt\Sp∂ ]T-\-t\- -ßƒ hnI-kn®v Hcp ¢mkns‚ HSp-hn¬ t\Sp∂ ]T-\-t\- -ß-fmbnamdp-∂p. hnZym- ymkIme-Øns‚ \n›nXL -ß-fn-ep≈ ]T\-t\- -ß-fmbn CXvhnImkw {]m]n-°p-∂p. ]T-\-t\- -ß-fpsS {]tXy-IX Ah \nco-£Whnt[-bhpw(Observable) Af-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂Xpw (Measurable) Bbn-cn-°psa∂-XmWv. ]T-\-t\- -ß-fpsS hni-I-e-\-Øn-eqsS Hmtcm bqWn-‰n-\pw ¢mkn-\pw L -Øn\pw HSp-hn¬Ipń t\tS≠ Adn-hv, tijn-Iƒ, aqey-ßƒ, at\m- -mh-ßƒ F∂nh t\Sn-bn- pt≠mF∂p hne-bn-cp-Øm≥ Ign-bpw. ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bpsS ê-{]-Z-amb hn\n-a-b-Øn-eqsSF√m Ipń-I-fp-sSbpw ]T-\-t\´w Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm≥ \ap°p km[n-°-Ww.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

14

]T-\-t\- -ß-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Cßs\ kw{K-ln-°mw:

$ hnj-b-_-‘n-X-amb ]T-\-Øn-eqsS ]Tn-Xmhv B¿Pn-t°≠ Adnhv (knowl-edge), tijn-Iƒ (Skills), at\m- m-h-ßƒ (Attitudes), aqey-ßƒ (Values)F∂nh Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xmhpw ]T-\-t\- -ßƒ.

$ ]T-\-t\- -ßƒ \nco-£n-°m-hp-∂Xpw (Observable) Af-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂Xpw(Measurable) Bbn-cn-°pw.

$ {lkzhpw Zo¿L-hp-amb Ime-b-f-hn¬ t\Sp∂ ]T-\-t\- -ßƒ D≠m-bn-cn-°pw.

1.5 ]T-\-hn- -h-ßfpw ]T-\-kw-hn-[m-\-ßfpw

]mTy-]-≤Xn hn\n-abw sNøp-∂-Xn\v D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ hnhn[ LS-I-ß-fmWv ]T-\-hn- -h-ßƒ. ]T-\-{]-{In-b-bpsS ]cn-]q¿W-Xbv°v ]T-\-hn- -h-ßƒ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øntb aXn-bm-Iq.

$ sse{_dn $ Unkvtπ t_m¿Up-Iƒ$ em_v (KWnXw, kb≥kv) $ Iw]yq- ¿ em_v$ ]T-t\m-]-I-c-W-ßƒ $ aƒń-ao-Unb D]-I-c-W-ßƒ$

CXn\p ]pdta Ipń-I-fpsS Ign-hp-Iƒ {]I-Sn-∏n-°m-\p≈ \nc-h[n thZn-Ifpw hnZym-e-b-ß-fn-ep-≠t√m. Chbpw ]T-\t\- -ßƒ ssIh-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

$ _me-k`$ Akwªn$ ¢∫p-Iƒ$ N¿®m-th-Zn-Iƒ$ ]T-\-bm-{X-Iƒ$ k∂-≤-kw-L-S-\-Iƒ (SPC, NSS, Scout, NCC)$

Ipń-I-fpsS ]cn-]q¿WhnIm-k-Øn\v CØcw LS-I-ßƒ AXy¥m-t]-£n-X-ßfmWv.

1.6 Iem-]-T\hpw {]hr-Øn-]-T\hpw

Iem-]-T\w

k¿Km-fl-IX, \nco-£-W-]m-S-hw, hy-Xn-cn‡_p≤n XpS-ßn-bh Ipń-I-fn¬hf¿Øm≥ Iem-]-T\w AX-y-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv. ]pXnb ]mT-y-]-≤Xnkao-]-\-Øn¬s]mXphnj-b-ßƒs°m∏w {]m[m-\yw \¬In-bmWv Iem-]-T-\-sØbpw IW-°m-°p-∂-Xv. kvIqƒ ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bn¬ Iem-]-T-\-Øn\v kwKo-Xw, \rØw, Nn{X-c-N\, inev]-c-N-\, \mS-Iw, kn\na F∂o C\-ß-fmWv Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≈-Xv. Ipń-I-fpsS CØcwtaJ-e-I-fn-ep≈ Ign-hp-Iƒ Xncn®-dn-bm\pw ]pjvSn-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw Ign-tb-≠-Xp-≠v.Iem-]-T\Øns‚ s]mXp-hmb e£y-ßƒ:

Iem-]-T\Øns‚ s]mXp-hmb e£y-ßƒ:

$ ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ ss\k¿Kn-I-amb Iem-hm-k-\ Xncn-®-dn™v ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-I.

$ hnhn-[-ß-fmb Ie-Isf Adn-bp-∂-Xn\pw Ipń-bpsS A`n-cp-Nn-°-\p-k-cn®v Ah


15

A`y-kn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ Ah-k-c-ß-sfm-cp-°p-I.$ hnhn[ Ie-Iƒ Bkz-Zn-°p-∂-Xn\pw Ah-bnse kuμ-cym-fl-IX Dƒs°m-

≈p-∂-Xn\pw.$ Ie-I-fpsS Bkzm-ZyX Dƒs°m≠v kmaq-lnI-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ am\-hn-I-amb

ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ cq]o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\v.$ kmwkvIm-cnIsshhn[yw Xncn-®-dn™v kmwkvIm-cnImh-t_m[w hf¿Øp-∂-

Xn-\v.$ Ie-bpsS Du¿Papƒs°m≠v \ho-\-ß-fmb Nn¥-I-fn-te¿s∏-Sm\pw

kmaqlnI{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sm-\pw.$ Iesb D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn a‰p hnj-b-ß-fpsS ]T\w e-{]-Z-am-°p-∂-Xn\v.$ _lp-ap-J --_p-≤n-hn-Im-k-Øns‚ km[y-X-Iƒ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\v.$ hn`n-∂-ti-jn-bp≈ hnZym¿Yn-Isf ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßfn¬ X¬∏-c-cm-°p-∂-

Xn-\v.$ Ipń-I-fpsS Bkzm-Z-\-\n-e-hmcw Db¿Øp-∂-Xn-\v.

{]hr-Øn-]-T\w

sshIm-cnIhpw ssh⁄m-\nIhpamb taJ-e-I-fpsS ka\-z-bhpw hnIm-khpwkm[y-am-°p∂-Xn\v {]hr-Øn-]-cn-NbhnZym- ymkw A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.

Hmtcm {]hrØn]T\ ¢mkn-s‚bpw ASn-Ød am\-h-tijn hnI-k-\-am-bn-cn-°-Ww. F√m ]uc≥am-cp-sSbpw tijn-Ifpw Ign-hp-Ifpw cmjv{S-\n¿am-W-Øn-\p-X-Ip∂coXn-bn¬ hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°pI F∂-XmWv am\-h-tijn hnI-k\w sIm≠p-t±-in-°p-∂-Xv. sXmgn-en-t\mSv B`n-ap-Jy-ap≈Xpw sXmgn¬ sNøp-∂-hsc BZ-cn-°p∂XpwkmaqlnIt_m[-ap≈ ]p-Xnb Hcp sXmgn¬kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ h‡m-°-fm°n ]pXnbXe-ap-dsb hm¿sØ-Sp-°p∂Xpw {]hrØn]T\-Øns‚ kp{]-[m\ e£yßfm-Wv.

$ am\-h-tijnhnI-k\w$ tZio-b-]p-tcm-KXn$ sXmgn¬k∂-≤X$ D¬∏m-Z-\-cw-KsØ kzm{i-bXzw$ k¥p-en-X -hy-‡nXzhnI-k\w$ aqey-ßfpw at\m- m-h-ßfpw hf¿Ø¬

Iem-]-T-\-Øn\pw {]hrØn-]-T-\-Øn\pw {]m[m\yw sImSp-Øp-sIm-≠p-thWw]mTy-]-≤Xn hn\n-abw sNtø-≠-Xv. Ch-bpsS X\Xp km[y-X-Iƒ \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn-s\m∏w hyXy-kvX -hn-jb-ß-fp-ambn DZv{K-Yn®pw hn\n-abw sNtø-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv.

1.7 BtcmKy˛Imbn-I-hn-Z-ym- -ymkw

imco-cnI˛am\-knIhnIm-k-ß-fp-sSbpw hf¿®bp-sSbpw ASn-Ød cq]s∏-Sp∂ L -amWv ss{]a-dn-X-ew. AXn-\m¬ Cu L -Øn¬ apgp-h≥ Ipń-I-ƒ°pw Btcm-K-y- Im-bnIhnZ-ym- -ym-k-Øns‚ A\p- -h-ßƒ e -y-am-Ip∂psh∂v Dd∏phcp-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v.Ipń-bpsS BtcmKy˛ImbnIhnI-k-\-L- -ßsf imkv{Xo-b-ambn t]mjn-∏n-°p-IbpwBtcm-Ky-I-c-amb Pohn-X-io-e-ßfpw at\m- m-h-ßfpw hf¿Øp-Ibpw sNøpI F∂-XmWv B-tcmKy˛Imbn-I-]T-\-Øns‚ kp{]-[m\ e£yw. Btcm-Ky- -Im-bnI]T-\-Øns‚ X\Xp km[y-X-Iƒ \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn-t\msSm∏w hyXy-kvX -hn-j-bß-fp-

ebmfwF´mwXcw

16

ambn DZv{K-Yn®pw hn\n-abw \St°-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv.

Btcm-Ky- Im-bnI]T-\-Øns‚ {][m\ Dt±-iy-ßƒ Ch-bm-Wv:

$ hnhn[ kμ¿ -ß-fn¬ DNn-X-amb coXnbn¬ ico-csØ Nen-∏n-°m\p≈ tijn-Iƒ B¿Pn-°p-I.

$ ico-c-N-e\w \nb-{¥n-°p∂ hnhn[ L -ßƒ Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw ico-csØk¿Km-fl-I-amb Ne-\-ßƒ°p≈ D]m-[n-bmbn hnI-kn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I.

$ kmaq-lnI- DØchmZn-Ø-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Ah-t_m-[-ap-≠m-hp-Ibpw P\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-amb Pohn-X-ssi-en-Iƒ ]men-°p-Ibpw Bk-z-Zn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI.

$ Ipń-bpsS k¿h-tXm-ap-J-amb hnImkw Dd∏phcp-Øp-I.

1.8 Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bp≈ hnZym- ymkw

(Inclusive Education)

hnZym-e-b-Øn¬ anI® {]I-S\w ImgvN-h-bv°p∂ Xß-fpsS kl-]m-Tn-°v Xma-kn-°m≥ hoSn-√, ]mX-tbm-csØ ss]∏n-\n-S-bn¬ hen®psIńb jo‰mWv Ahs‚ hoSv F∂ Xncn-®-dnhv Ipń-Iƒ°nS-bn¬henb N¿®mhnj-b-ambn. hnj-a-ßƒ ]c-kv]cw ]¶p-hbv-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS ]cn-lmcw D≠m-hn√ F∂p a\- n-em-°nb Ipń-Iƒ A[ym-]-I-cpsS klm-btØmsS kam-l-cn® XpI D]-tbm-Kn®v Iq´p-Im-c\vhoSv \n¿an®p \¬In amXr-I-bm-bn.

(Hcp hnZym-ebm-\p- -hw)

¢mkvapdn-bn¬ F√m Ipń-I-sfbpw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂, Bscbpw ]pd-¥-≈mØ Hcp]T-\m-¥-co£w kzoI-cn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. \ΩpsS hnZym-e-b-ß-fn¬ {][m-\-ambpw c≠vhn`m-K-°m¿°v IqSp-X¬ ]cn-K-W-\bpw klm-bhpw {i≤bpw \¬In \oXn-]q¿h-amb KpW-ta∑m hnZym- ymkw (Equitable Quality Education) Dd-∏p-h-cp-tØ-≠-Xp≠v.

Bsc-√m-amWv khn-ti-j-{i-≤bpw ]T-\-k-lm-bhpw ]cn-c-£bpw Bh-iy-ap-≈-h¿?

(F) kmaq-ln-Ihpw kmº-Øn-I-hp-amb Imc-W-ß-fm¬ ]pd¥≈s∏´-h-cpsSIpńIƒ:

• -ISpØ Zmcn{Zyw t\cn-Sp-∂-h¿, BZn-hm-kn-Iƒ, s]Ïp- n-Iƒ, ]ń-I-PmXn]ń-I-h¿K-Øn¬ s] -h¿, A\y-tZ-iØp\n∂v IpSn-tb-dn-b-h¿, ÿnc-ambnXma-k-ku-Icyw C√m-Ø hn`m-K-°m¿, ]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈ hnth-N\w A\p--hn-°p-∂-h¿ F∂n-ßs\ H´\-h[n t]¿ C°q- Øn¬ s]Sp-∂p.

]cn-an-Xn-I-sfbpw hyXy-kvXX-I-sfbpw Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw_lp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂-Xm-bn-cn-°Ww CØcw Ipń-I-tfm-Sp≈\ΩpsS kao-]\w. hnZym-e-b-Ønse Iq´mb {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eqsS CØ-c-°m-cpsS {]bm-k-ßƒ \ap°v ]cn-l-cn-°m-\m-Ipw.

(_n) imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-Sp-∂ -Ip- n-Iƒ :

imco-cn-I-hpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-Sp-∂-h¿°pw ]T-\-{]-bmkw


17

A\p- -h-s∏-Sp∂ Ipń-Iƒ°pw {]tXyI ]T-\m-h-iy-ßƒ D≠v (Special Edu-cational Needs). tIƒhn-°p-d-hv, ImgvNm ]cn-an-Xn, _p≤n-]-c-amb ]cn-an-Xn,Ne\]c-amb ]cn-an-Xn, ]T-\-ssh-I-eyw, Hmń-kw, skdn-{_¬ ]m¬kn, _lp-ap-J-ssh-I-ey-ßƒ, sshIm-cnI Ak-¥p-e-\mhÿbnep≈ Ipń-Iƒ, {i≤m-]-c-amb ]cn-anXn D≈-h¿ F∂n-hsc√mw CXn¬ s]Sp-∂p.

Ch¿°p-th≠n ]mTy-]--≤-XnbpsS hn\n-a-bØn¬ Fs¥-√mw \mw A\p-h¿Øn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v?

$ ]T-\m-h-iy-ßƒ, A`n-cpNn F∂nh ]cn-K-Wn®v ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS Bkq-{X-W-ßƒ.

$ ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ]¶m-fnØw e`y-am-Ip∂ coXn-bn¬ ]mTm-kq-{X-W-Øn¬A\p-cq-]o-I-cWw.

$ hyXykvX ]T-\-th-K-w, ]T-\-ssien F∂nh ]cn-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠v _lp C{μn-bm-[n-jvTnX kao-]\w (Multisensory Approach) \S-∏n-em-°¬.

$ ]cn-lm-c-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ (Remedial Practices), t]mj-W-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ (En-richment Practices) F∂nh Hmtcm Ipń°pw Bh-iym-[n-jvTn-X-ambn Bkq-{XWw sNbvXp \S-∏n-em-°-¬.

$ hnhn[ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ km[y-X-Iƒ hg-°-tØmsS (Flexibility) {]mh¿Øn-I-am-°¬.

$ dntkmgvkv A[ym-]-I-cp-sSbpw a‰p hnZ-Kv[-cp-sSbpw klmbw Dd-∏m-°¬.

$ Ipń-bpsS ]T-\w, ]cn-c-£- F∂o Imcy-ß-fnn¬ c£n-Xm-°-fpsS \nc-¥-c-]n-¥pW Dd-∏m-°¬.

Cu c≠p taJ-e-bnse Ipń-I-sf- Iq-SmsX khn-tij {i≤bpw ]cn-K-W-\bpw th≠-h-cmWv h¿[n® A`n-cp-Nnbpw Ignhpap≈ Ipń-Iƒ (Gifted Children). Cßs\ F√mhn`mKw Ipń-I-sfbpw Dƒs°m-≈m≥ Ign-bpw-hn[w kvIqƒ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-sfbpw uXn-I-km-l-N-cy-ß-sfbpw imkv{Xo-b-ambn {Iao-I-cn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

1.9 hnhchn\n-ab kmt¶-XnIhnZy ˛ km[-yX

hnhc ssIam-‰-Øn\v At\Iw kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ \ne-hn-ep-≠-t√m. Cu Iq -Øn¬Gsd {]tbm-P-\-I-c-amb H∂mWv sF.kn.-Sn.bpsS D]-tbm-Kw. Ipń-Iƒ ]e-X-c-Øn¬CXns‚ kt¶-X-ßƒ Gdnbpw Ipd™pw Adn-bp-∂-h-cp-am-Wv. Cu Adn-hns\¢mkvdqw ]T-\-Øn\v {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv. ]T\w Bbm-k-c-ln-Xhpw BÀm-Z-I-c-hp-ambn am‰m≥ CXn-eqsS Ign-bpw.

Bh-i-y-IX

]mT--y-]-≤Xnhn\n-a-b-hp-ambn _‘-s∏ v -DNnXamb sF.kn.Sn. kma-{Kn-Iƒ Dƒs∏Sp-Ø-Ww. A®Sn® ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øns‚ ]cn-an-Xn-I-fmb Ne-\m-fl-I-Xbn√mbva, i_vZ-ßƒ tIƒ∏n-°m≥ Ign-bmØ Ah-ÿ XpS-ßn-bh sF.kn.Sn. km[-y-X-Iƒ Dƒs∏-SpØn adn-I-S-°m-\m-hpw. sF.kn.-Sn-.bpsS Bh-i-y-IX GtXXv kμ¿ -ß-fn¬ thW-sa∂pw AsX-ß-s\ -{]-tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ø-W-sa∂pw \n¿Wbn-°m≥ A[ym-]-I¿{]m]vX-cm-tI-≠-Xp-≠v.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

18

A\p-tbm-P-yX

Ipń-bpsS k¿K-ti-jn-sbbpw _p≤n-bpsS _lp-X-e-ß-sfbpw D±o-]n-∏n-°p∂ hn[-Øn-ep≈ sF.kn.-Sn. km[-y-X-I-fm-Wv th≠-Xv. Pn⁄m-kbpw DtZ-z-Khpw-hgn ]T-\-hn-j-b-Øn-ep≈ Xm¬∏-c-yw \ne\n¿Øp-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww sF.kn.Sn. D]-tbm-Kw.F∂m¬ C{μnb]cn-anXn A\p- -hn-°p-∂-h¿°v Cu km[-yX Iptd°qSn {]tbm-P\wsNøpw. i_vZw-sIm≠pw ImgvN-sIm≠pw Imc-y-ßƒ IqSp-X¬ A\p- -h-th-Zy-am-°m≥sF.kn.Sn. {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Spw. hy-X-ykvX ]T-\-ssienIƒ ]cn-K-Wn-®p-sIm-≠p≈]T\m-\p- -h-ßƒ \¬Ip-∂-Xn\pw CXp klm-b-I-am-Wv.

hnizm-k-yX

kma-{Kn-I-fpsS hnizm-k-yX Dd-∏p-h-cp-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. Kh¨sa‚ v Un∏m¿ vsa‚ vssk‰pIƒ, hnZ-ym- -ymk sh_vssk-‰p-Iƒ, t]m¿ -ep-Iƒ, tªmKp-Iƒ, tkmjy¬s\‰vh¿°p-Iƒ F∂n-h-bn¬\n∂p≈ hnh-c-ßfpsS B[n-Im-cn-IX Dd-∏m-°n-thWwD]-tbm-Kn-°m≥. ¢mkvdqw hn\n-a-b-Øn\v D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ kma-{Kn-I-fpsS {]mtbm-Kn-IX Dd-∏p-h-cp-tØ≠-Xp-≠v. CØcw kma-{Kn-Iƒ, Ah {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xn\-\p-tbm-P-y-amb tkm v‰vshb-dp-Iƒ F∂nh Ffp-∏-Øn¬ e`y-am-Ip-∂Xpw D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥Ign-bp-∂-Xp-am-bn-cn-°-Ww. sF.kn.-Sn. km[-y-X-Iƒ Ipń-bpsS {]mbw, am\-knI\neF∂nhbv°v A\p-tbm-Py-am-bn-cn-°Ww.

1.10 aqe-y-ßƒ, at\m- m-h-ßƒ, {]Xn-_-≤X F∂nh

hf¿Øp-∂-Xn-\p-X-Ip∂ taJ-e-Iƒ

]Tn-Xm-hn¬ am\-hnIaqe-y-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw c-W-L-S\maqe-y-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw Ah-t_m[w krjvSn-°pI, kmaq-lnIPohnXw i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ at\m- mhw krjvSn-°pI,kmaq-lnI{]Xn-_-≤X hf¿ØpI XpS-ßnbh ]mT-y-]-≤-Xn-bpsS {]Ya ]cn-K-W\mhnj-b-ß-fm-Wv. Ch hf¿Øm≥ \n¿tZ-in-°-s∏´ Bi-b-ta-J-eIfpsS hni-Zmwißƒ\¬Ip∂p

P\m-[n-]-Xyt_m[w

hnhn[ hnj-b-ß-fpsS D≈-S°w Xnc-s™Sp-°p-tºmƒ P\m-[n-]-X-ysØ kw_-‘n-°p∂ ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ ]cn-K-Wn-°-Ww. ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS Bkq-{X-W-Ønepw hn\n-ab{]{In-b-bnepw P\m-[n-]-Xykao-]-\-ap-≠m-h-Ww. P\m-[n-]-Xy]c-amb¢mkv, kvIqƒ CS-ßƒ (P\m-[n-]XythZn-Iƒ) F∂n-h-bn-eqsS P\m-[n-]-Xy]c-ambPohnXkao-]\w cq]-s∏-Sp-ØpIsb∂Xv ]mT-y-]-≤-Xn-bpsS e£-y-amWv.

`cWLS\maqe-y-ßƒ

\ΩpsS `c-W-L-S\ Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-°p∂ aqe-y-ßfpw e£-y-ßfpw ]mT-y-]-≤-Xn-bn¬ {]Xn- -en-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. c-W-L-S-\maqeyßƒ t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m≥ hnZ-ym¿Yn-Isf{]m]vX-cm-°p∂ D≈-S-°hpw hn\n-a-b{]{In-bbpw Xnc-s™-Sp-°m≥ {i≤n-°-Ww

atX-X-c-Xz at\m- mhw

atX-X-cXz at\m-`mhw hf¿Øm-\p-X-Ip∂ hnj-b-ta-J-e-Iƒ D≈-S-°-Øn¬tN¿°p-Ibpw AXn-\p-X-Ip∂ hn\n-a-b-coXn kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøWw.


19

kln-jvWpX

hntbm-Pn-°p-∂-h-sc-t∏mepw kln-jvWp-XtbmsS ImWpI F∂ -X-Øzw ]mTy-]-≤Xn e£-y-am-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

{Inbm-flI k¿Km-flINn¥

hnZ-ym¿Yn-I-fn¬ k¿Km-flIhpw {Inbm-fl-I-hp-amb Nn¥bpw At\-z-j-Whpwhf¿tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. ]mT-y-]-≤-Xn-bpsS D≈-S-°-ta-J-e-I-fnepw ]T\X{¥-ß-fnepwk¿Km-fl-I-amb At\z-j-W-ßƒ°p≈ km[-yXbp≠m-hWw; _lp-apJ _p≤n-bpsS(Multiple Intelligence) Xe-ßƒ ]cn-K-Wn-°-Ww.

kwkvIr-Xn-tbmSpw ss]Xr-I-tØm-Sp-ap≈ BZ-chv

\ΩpsS kmwkvIm-cnIss]XrItØmSpw Ncn-{X-tØmSpw BZ-c-]q¿h-amb at\m-`mhw kr„n-°p-I-sb-∂Xv ]mT-y-]-≤Xn hn`m-h\w sNøp∂ e£-y-ß-fn-sem-∂mWv.

ka-Xzw F∂ Bibw

hnhn[ Ah-k-c-ß-fnepw ]T\{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw XpeyX, kaXzw F∂nh Dd∏p-h-cp-tØ-≠Xv A\n-hm-c-y-am-Wv.

t\Xr-]m-Shw

]pXnb kl-{km-_vZ-Øns‚ sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-Sm\pw km[-y-X-Iƒ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p-ap-X-Ip∂ t\Xm-°sf krjvSn-°p-∂-Xn-\p- ]-c-ym-]vX-amb ]T\X{¥-ßƒhnI-kn-∏n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. ¢mkvdqw {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ F√m Ipń-I-fp-sSbpw ]¶m-fnØwDd-∏m-°p-Ibpw t\Xr-ti-jn-Iƒ hnI-kn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ kml-N-c-y-ßƒ krjvSn-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠-Xp-≠v.

Pohn-X-ss\-]pWo hnZ-ym- -ymkw

ssZ\w-Zn\ Pohn-X-Øn¬ hy-‡n-Iƒ°-\p- -h-s∏-Sp∂ {]iv\-ßfpw {]Xn-_-‘-ßfpw e-{]-Z-ambn t\cn-Sp-∂-Xn\v klm-b-I-amb A\p-Iq-e-hpw A\p-Kp-W-hp-ambs]cp-am-‰-Øn-te°p \bn-°p∂ Ign-hp-I-fmWv PohnXss\]p-Wn-Iƒ. kzbw Adn-b¬, kl- m-hw, Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-ti-jn, hy‡ym¥-c-_-‘w, k¿Km-fl-I-Nn-¥, hna¿i-\m-flI-Nn-¥, Xocp-am-\-ß-sf-Sp-°¬, {]iv\-]-cn-l-c-Ww, sshIm-cnI k¥p-e-\w, ]ncn-ap-dp°w amt\-PvsN-ø¬ F∂n-h-bmWv {][m\ Pohn-X-ss\-]p-Wn-Iƒ. Ipń-I-fpsSkml-Nc-y-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn Cu taJ-e-I-fnse LS-I-ßƒ ]mT-y-]-≤-Xn-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. Pohn-XsØ Bflhni-zm-k-tØm-sS- kao]n°m\pw apt∂-dm\pw CØcw ss\]p-Wn-Iƒ ]Tn-Xm-hns\ klm-bn-°p∂p.

]uc-[¿aw

cmjv{S-ßƒ°v P\-ß-tfm-sS-∂-t]mse ]uc≥am¿°v cmjv{S-tØmSpw Nne [¿a-ßfpw I¿Ø-h-y-ßfpw \n¿h-ln-°m-\p-≠v. cmjv{S-hn-I-k\w a\p-j-y-tijnhnI-k-\-ambn ImWp∂ C∂sØ Ime-L- -Øn¬, ]uc-t_m-[-ap≈ P\-Xsb krjvSn-°pIF∂-Xm-Wt√m hnZ-ym- -ym-k-Øns‚ {][m\ I¿Ø-h-yw. Hcp kz-X{¥ kaqlkrjvSn-tbm-sSm∏w A®-S-°t_m-[hpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xzt_m[-hp-ap≈ Hcp kaq-l-Øns‚

ebmfwF´mwXcw

20

krjvSn-°mbn ]uc≥amsc Xøm-dm-t°-≠Xv hnZ-ym- -ymkhy-h-ÿ-bpsS e£-y-am-Wv.

a\p-j-ym-h-Im-i-ßƒ

a\p-j-y-sc∂ \ne-bn¬ A¥-t msS Pohn-°m-\p≈ hy-‡n-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-ß-fmWv a\p-j-ym-h-Im-i-ßƒ. sFI-y-cmjv{Sk -bpsS a\p-j-ym-h-Imi{]J-ym-]-\-Øn-eqsSkm¿h-{Xn-I Aw-Ko-Imcw e`n® a\p-j-ym-h-Im-i-ßƒ°v ]mT-y-]-≤Xn cq]o-I-c-W-Ønepw hn\n-ab{]{In-b-bnepw {]m[m-\yw \¬tI-≠-Xp-≠v.

Ipń-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-ßƒ

Ipń-I-fpsS F√m-hn[ Ah-Im-i-ßfpw kwc-£n-t°-≠-Xns‚ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw\ΩpsS IS-a-bmbn amdp-∂p.

{]IrXn {]Ir-Xn-hn- h kwc-£-Ww, ]cn-kcipNn-X-zw

{]Ir-Xn-sbbpw {]IrXnhn`hkwc-£-W-sØbpw kw_-‘n-°p∂ ASn-ÿm\ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ ss{]adn ¢mkp-Iƒ apX¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. hy-‡n-ip-Nn-Xzwt]mse{][m-\-amWv ]cn-k-c-ip-Nn-X-z-sa∂pw ipNn-X-z-t_m[w ]uc-[¿aØns‚ ASn-ÿm\{]tX-y-IXIfn--sem∂msW∂pw hnZ-ym¿Yn-Isf t_m[-y-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. {]Ir-Xnbpw{]Ir-Xn-hn- -h-ßfpw a\p-j-ys‚ Bh-i-y-ßƒ°p am{X-ap≈Xs√∂pw {]Ir-Xn-bpsSk¥p-en-Xm-h-ÿ-bn-ep≈ am‰w Zqchym-]-I-amb {]X-ym-Lm-X-ßƒ°p Imc-W-am-hp-sa-∂p-ap≈ at\m- mhw hnZ-ym¿Yn-I-fn¬ hf¿Ø-Ww. {]IrXnhn -h-kw-c-£-Whpw]cn-kcipNn-X-zhpw Hcp aqeyhy-h-ÿbpw at\m- m-hhpam°nam‰p∂ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒGs‰-SpØp \S-∏m-°-Ww.

kam-[m\hnZ-ym- -ymkw

hy-‡n-X-e-Ønepw a‰p-≈-h-tcm-Spw ]cn-X-ÿn-Xn-I-tfmSpw kam-[m-\-]-c-ambpwkulm¿Z-]-c-ambpw CS-s]-Sm-\p≈ Ignhpw aqe-y-ßfpw at\m- m-h-ßfpw hf¿Øp-I-bmWv kam-[m\ hnZ-ym- -ym-k-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\w. kwL¿j-ßfpw kwL¿j-ßƒ°vhgn-sX-fn-°p∂ kml-N-c-y-ßfpw Hgn-hm-°p-Ibpw im¥n-bp-sSbpw kulr-Z-Øns‚bpwkam-[m-\-Øns‚bpw km[y-X-Iƒ ]mT-y-]-≤-Xn-bnse hnhn[ hnj-b-ta-J-e-I-fn-eqsSAh-X-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠-Xv kam-[m-\-hn-Z-ym- -ym-k-Øn\v A\n-hm-c-y-amWv.

\nbakm£-cX

\nb-a-ßsf kw_-‘n-°p∂ Adnhpw Aht-_m-[hpw Hcp P\m-[n-]-XycmP-y-Ønse]uc-∑m¿°v A\n-hm-c-y-am-Wv. \nbakm£-cX Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-\m-h-i-y-amb ]mT- m-K-ßƒ hnj-b-_-‘n-X-ambn Dƒs∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xv Im-e-L´Øns‚ Bh-i-y-am-Wv. \nb-a-k-lm-b-th-Zn, \nba¢∫p-Iƒ, \nb-a-¢n-\n-°p-Iƒ, \nb-a-t_m-[-h-¬°-cWw F∂n-ßs\ hy-X-y-kvX -{]-h¿Ø\]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ Bkq-{XWw sNøm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

ssk_¿ Ip‰-Ir-X-y-ßsf°pdn-®p≈ Adn-hv

hnh-c-hn-\n-ab kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Z-y-bpsS Zpcp-]-tbm-K-ßfpw {Inan-\¬ {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpwZn\w{]Xn-sb-t∂mWw \S-°p-∂p-≠v. Ipń-Isf CØcw {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂vAI‰n\n¿Øm-\p-X-Ip∂ t_m[-h¬°-cWw ]mT-y-]-≤-Xn-bpsS mK-ambn Dƒs∏-Sp-


21

Ø-Ww. C‚¿s\‰v, tkmj-y¬ s\‰vh¿°nMv ssk‰p-Iƒ, C˛sabn¬ F∂n-h-bpsSsbms° D]-tbm-KsØ kw_-‘n-°p∂ hy-‡hpw IrX-y-hp-amb [mc-WbpwAdnhpw ]I¿∂p \¬I-Ww. ssk_¿ Ip‰-Ir-X-y-ßƒ°p≈ in£sb kw_-‘n®pwC‚¿s\‰v D]-tbm-K-Ønse [m¿Ωn-I-Xsb°pdn®pw t_m[-h¬°-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v ]mTy-]-≤Xn Ah-k-c-sam-cp-°-Ww.

am[-ya Ah-t_m[w

]{X˛Zri-y-am-[-y-a-ßƒ°v hf-sc-b-[nIw {]m[m-\-y-ap≈ kaq-l-amWv \Ωp-tS-Xv.Zriy-am-[-y-a-ßƒ°v Ipń-I-fn¬ henb kzm-[o-\-ap-≠v. am[-y-a- Ah-t_m[w D≠m-°p∂ hnhn[ LS-I-ßƒ ]mTy-]-≤Xn D≈-S°taJ-e-I-fn¬ Bh-i-y-am-Wv.

kpÿn-c -hn-I-k\ ImgvN-∏mSv

`qan a\p-j-y\p am{Xw Ah-Im-i-s∏- -X-s√-∂p-≈- ]m-cnÿnXnIm-h-t_m[w ]mTy-]-≤Xn ]I¿∂p \¬tI-≠-Xp≠v. ]mcn-ÿnXnIamb sh√p-hn-fn-Isf kw_-‘n-®pw]cn-ÿnXnØI¿®bv°p Imc-W-am-hp∂ a\p-j-ys‚ CS-s]-S-ep-Isf kw_-‘n®pw]cn-ÿn-Xnsb Kpcp-X-c-amb A]-I-S-ß-fn¬\n∂v Fßs\ c£-s∏-Sp-Øpsa∂Xn-s\-°p-dn-®pap≈ Xncn-®-dnhv C°m-eØv {][m-\-am-Wv. ]cn-ÿn-Xnbpw hnI-k-\hpwFßs\ tbmPn-∏n-®p-t]mImw F∂ At\-z-j-Whpw kpÿn-c-hn-I-k-\sØ kw_-‘n-°p∂ ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Ifpw At\-z-j-W-ßfpw ]mT-y-]-≤Xn Db¿Øn∏nSn-t°-≠XmWv.ka-{K-amb ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-Im-h-t_m[w krjvSn-°p-I-sb-∂Xv ]mT-y-]-≤Xn e£-y-ß-fn-sem-∂m-Wv.

IuamchnZ-ym- -ymkw

inip-a-\-»m-kv{X-⁄-cpsSbpw Btcm-Ky{]h¿Ø-I-cp-sSbpw tUmIvS¿am-cp-sSbpwA[-ym-]-I-cp-sSbpw kwbp‡ ]cn-{i-a-ß-fn-eqsS Iuam-c-hn-Z-ym- -ym-k-Øn-\mh-i-y-ambD≈S°taJ-e-Iƒ hnhn[ hnj-b-ß-fn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xns‚ km[-yX ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. ]Tn-Xm-°-fpsS Btcm-Kyw, ip-Nn-Xzw F∂nh kw_-‘-amb kwi-b-ß-sfbpw Ah-y-‡-X-I-sfbpw imkv{Xo-b-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠Xv A\n-hm-cy-amWv.

D]-t`m-K-kw-kvImcw Zqj-y- -e-ßƒ

D]-t`mKkwkvIm-c-Øns‚ Zqjy-êßsf kw_-‘n-°p∂ hkvXp-X-Iƒss{]adn ¢mkp-Iƒ apX¬ ]mT-y-]-≤-Xn-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. D]-t`m-‡mhvF∂ \ne-bn-ep≈ \ΩpsS Ah-Im-i-ßfpw D]-t`m-IvXr\nb-a-ßfpw hnj-b-_-‘n-X-ambn IS-∂p-h-c-Ww.

el-cn-hn-cp≤ at\m- mhw

aZ-yw, ab-°p-a-cp-∂p-Iƒ, ]pI-bn-e, a‰p elcn]Zm¿Y-ßƒ F∂n-h-bpsS D]-tbmKw]pXp-X-e-ap-dbpsS Btcm-Ky-w XI¿°p-∂p-sh∂ Xncn-®-dnhv \ap-°p-≠m-hWw. mhn-X-e-ap-dsb Ch-bpsS Zqjn-X-h-e-b-Øn¬ \n∂p kwc-£n-t°≠-XmWv. CXn-\mbnelcn D]-tbm-K-Øns‚ imco-cnI am\-knImLmX-ßfpw A]-I-S-ßfpw hy-‡-am-°p∂ Nn{X-ßƒ, eLp-Ip-dn-∏p-Iƒ, Zriy-ßƒ F∂nh D≈-S-°-ta-J-e-bpsS ]cn-K-W-\bn¬ htc-≠-Xm-Wv. elcnhncp≤ at\m-`mhw krjvSn-°p-I-bm-hWw Ch-

ebmfwF´mwXcw

22

bpsSsb√mw ASn-ÿm\e£-yw.

enwK-\oXn

]mT-y-]-≤Xn enwKka-X-zhpw enwK\oXnbpw Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xm-h-Ww. B - -s]¨hnth-N\w ]mT-y-]-≤-Xn-bn¬ IS-∂p-h-cm≥ ]mSn-√. ]mT-]p-kvX-I-ßfnse Nn{X-ß-fn¬t∏mepw enwK\oXn-bpsS ImgvN-∏m-Sp-I-fp-≠m-th-≠-Xp-≠v. ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒGs‰-SpØp \S-∏m-°p-tºmƒ enwK-\oXn Dd-∏m-t°-≠Xv A[ym-]-I-cpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-am-Wv.

anX-h-y-b-ioew

ss{]a-dn-Xew apX¬ Xs∂ anX-h-y-b-io-e-Øns‚ _me-]m-T-ßƒ Ipń-I-fn¬ k∂n-th-in-∏n-°-Ww. anX-hybioe-Øns‚ {]k-‡nbpw {]m[m-\-yhpw hy-‡-am-°mw. anX-h-y-b-ioew {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-°m-\p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw kwL-Sn-∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

tdmUv kpc£

tdmUn¬ ]men-t°≠ \nb-a-ßƒ, tdmU-]-I-S-ßƒ Hgn-hm-°m-\p≈ {]tbm-KnI\n¿tZ-i-ßƒ, {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ F∂n-h-sb√mw tdmUv kpc-£-bpsS LS-I-ß-fm-Wv.tdmUv F∂Xv Hcp s]mXpCS-am-sW∂pw \ap-°p-≈-Xp-t]mse a‰p-≈-h¿°pw tdmUvD]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ kz-mX-{¥-y-ap-s≠-∂p-ap≈ ]uc-t_m[w ]I¿∂p \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv.tdmUv kpc-£-bp-ambn _‘-s∏- p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°pw {]m[m-\yw \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv.

]mT-y-]-≤-Xn-bpsS kzm- m-hn-I-amb hn\n-a-b-Øn¬ Cu taJ-e-Isf ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp≈ ]T-\m-\p- -h-ßƒ Dd-∏p-h-cp-Ø-Ww. hnhn[ hnj-b-ß-fpsS D≈-S°]c-ambBi-b-ßƒ Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-tºmgpw ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø\-ßƒ {Iao-I-cn-°p-tºmgpw aXn-bmb ]cn-K-W\ e`n-t°-≠-Xp≠v. ]T-\ -t_m-[\ {]{In-b-bn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-tºmƒCØcw Bi-b-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏- Adnhv, ss\]p-Wn, at\m- mhw F∂n-hbv°vDu∂¬ thWw. Cu e£-y-ßƒ t\Sm≥ km[n-®n- pt≠m F∂v \nc-¥-c-hn-e-bn-cp-Ø¬ {]{In-bbn-eqsS ]cn-tim-[n-°m\pw IgnbWw. hnhn[ ¢∫v {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ,SPC, NCC, Scout & Guides, JRC, hnZ-ymcwKw Iem-km-lnXythZn, Km‘n-Z¿i≥XpS-ßnb kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ aqe-y-ßƒ, at\m- m-h-ßƒ, {]Xn-_-≤X F∂nh hf¿Øm-\p≈ thZn-Ifm-IWw.

1.11 Ah-Imim[njvTnX hnZym- ymkw

(Right based Education)

Ipń-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-ßƒ \n¿Wbn-°p-Ibpw temI-hym-]-I-ambn \S-∏m-°p-IbpwsNøp-∂-Xn\v bp\kvtIm ap≥ssI-sb-Sp-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. CtX XpS¿∂v hnhn[ cmPy-ß-fn¬ Ipń-I-fpsS Ah-Imikwc-£-W-hp-ambn _‘-s∏ v Ht´sd \nb-a-\n¿am-W-ßƒ \S-∂n- p-≠v. C¥y-bn¬ tZiobhnZym- ymkmh-Imi\nbaw ˛ 2009 \S-∏m-°n-bXv Hcp kp{]-[m\ \mgn-I-°-√mbn IW-°m-°mw. Ipń-I-fpsS F√m-hn[ Ah-Im-i-ßfpw kwc-£n-t°-≠-Xns‚ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw apXn¿∂-h-cmb \ΩpsS IS-a-bmbn amdp-∂p. hnZym- ymk Ah-Im-i-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p ]d-bp-tºmƒ Ah {][m-\-ambpw aq∂p taJ-


23

e-I-fn-embn -Xn-cn-°m-\m-hpw

$ ]¶m-fnØw (Participation)$ e`yX (Provision)$ kwc-£Ww (Protection)

X\n°v e`y-amb Ah-Im-ißsf°p-dn®v Ipń- Nn¥n-°p-∂Xv Fß-s\-bm-bn-cn°pw?

]¶m-fnØw (Participation)

$ Ipń-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ F√m Xocp-am-\-ß-fnepw Fs‚ A`n-{]mbw Bcm-bp-∂p-≠v.

$ Xocp-am-\-ß-fn¬ Fs‚ Xm¬∏-cy-Øn\v apJy-]-cn-K-W\ e`n-°p∂p-≠v.

$ Fs‚ Ign-hp-Ifpw ]cn-an-Xn-Ifpw Xncn-®-dn™v \¬Ip∂ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬]¶mfnbmIm≥ F\n°v Ah-kcw e`n-°p∂p-≠v.

$ Fs‚ Ign-hp-Iƒ ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°m\pw ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ adn-I-S-°m\pw Ign-bp∂hg-°-ap≈ ]T-\-{]-{In-b-bn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-Im-≥ Ign-bp-∂p-≠v.

$ Fs‚ A`n-{]m-b-ßƒ°v am\y-amb ÿm\w e`n-°p-∂p-≠v.

$ F\n°pw Iq´p-Im¿°pw ¢mkn¬ \S-°p∂ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ kPo-h-amb]¶m-fnØw e`n-°p-∂p-≠v.

$ Fs‚ Ign-hp-Iƒ {]I-Sn-∏n-°m≥ F\n-°-h-kcw e`n-°p∂p-≠v.

e`yX (Provision)

$ aXn-bmb hnZym- ym-k-tbm-Ky-X-bp-≈Xpw Adn-hp-Iƒ Imtem-Nn-X-ambn ]pXp-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ A[ym-]-I-cpsS tkh\w F\n°v e`n-°p-∂p-≠v.

$ A\p-h-Zn-®n- p≈ apgp-h≥ ka-bhpw ]T-\m-\p- -h-ßƒ e`n-°p∂p-≠v.

$ imco-cn-I˛am\-knI hf¿®sb ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p∂Xn\\p-tbm-Py-amb ¢mkvdqwA¥-co£w F\n-°v e`n-°p-∂p-≠v.

$ ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°m-h-iy-amb ]T-t\m-]-I-c-W-ßƒ bYm-k-abw Hcp-°n-Ø-cm≥ Fs‚ A[ym-]-I¿°v Ign-bp-∂p-≠v.

$ Iem- -Im-bnI ]cn-t]m-j-W-Øn\v Bh-iy-amb D]-I-c-W-ßfpw Ah-k-c-ßfpwF\n°v In´p∂p-≠v.

B¿.-Sn.-C. (2009) Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p

$ 1 apX¬ 5 hsc ¢mkn¬ ]Tn-°p∂ Ipń-Iƒ°v 200 {]hr-Øn-Zn-h-kßfpw 800 aWn-°q¿ t_m[-\-k-a-bhpw e`nt°≠-Xp-≠v.

$ 6 apX¬ 8 hsc-bp≈ ¢mkp-I-fn¬ ]Tn-°p-∂-h¿°v 220 {]hr-Øn-Zn-h-kßfpw 1000 aWn-°q¿ t_m[-\-k-a-bhpw e`n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

24

kwc-£Ww (Protection)

$ hnZym-e-b-Øntem ]pdtØm bmsXm-cp-hn[ hnth-N-\hpw Rm≥ A\p- -hn-°p-∂n-√.

$ Fs∂ Hcp Xc-Ønepw Bcpw Ah-K-Wn-°p∂n-√.$ imco-cn-I-am-tbm am\-kn-I-amtbm Fs∂ Bcpw ]oUn-∏n-°p-∂n-√.$ \n¿ -b-ambn A[ym-]-I-tcmSv CS-s]-Sm≥ F\n°v Ign-bp-∂p-≠v.$ Ipń-bm-sW-¶nepw F\n°v kzIm-cy-X-bp-≠v F∂v F√m-hcpw AwKo-I-cn-°p-

∂p-≠v.$ hnZym-e-b-Ønepw hońepw Rm≥ G‰hpw kpc-£n-X-am-bn-cn°pw F∂v F\n°v

Dd-∏p-≠v.

tIc-f- kw-ÿm\ _memh-Imi kwc-£W IΩo-j≥

2002 sabv amk-Øn¬ IqSnb sFIycm-jv{S-k- -bpsS, Ipń-Iƒ°vth≠n-bp≈ {]tXyI ktΩ-f\w "Ipń-Iƒ°v A\p-tbm-Py-amb HcptemIw' F∂ io¿j-I-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snb tcJ AwKo-I-cn-®-Xns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ tI{μ-k¿°m¿ \n¿an® 2005 se _mem-h-Imi kwc-£WIΩo-j≥ BIvSpw 2012 se tIcfkwÿm\_mem-h-ImiN -ßfpw{]Imcw tIcfkwÿm\ _mem-h-Imikwc-£WIΩo-j≥{]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. `c-W-L-S\ Dd-∏p-X-cp∂ auen-Im-h-Im-i-ßfpw_mem-h-Im-i-ßfpw kwc-£n-°p-I-bmWv IΩo-js‚ ZuXyw.

Ipń-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-ßƒ CsXm-s°-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXv Dd∏phcp-Øp-∂-Xn\vX\n°v Fs¥ms° sNøm≥ km[n®n´p-≠v? C\nbpw Xm≥ Fs¥ms° sNtø-≠-Xp≠v F∂v Hmtcm A[ym-]-I\pw A[ym-]n-Ibpw Nn¥n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

1.12 sa‚dnMv

tZio-b-hn-Z-ym- -ym-km-h-Im-i-\n-baw A[-ym-]-Is\/A[-ym-]n-Isb sa‚¿ (mentor)Bbn IW-°m-°p-∂p. ka-{K- kvIqƒ hnI-k-\-]-cn-t{]-£-y-Øn¬ sa‚dnßn-\v -h-enb {]kIvXnbpw {]m[m-\-yhp-ap-≠v.

hnZ-ym- -ymk{]{In-b-bnse apJ-y-L-S-I-amb So®¿˛Ipń _‘-Øn¬ C∂v ImX-emb am‰w D≠m-bn- p-≠v. hn⁄m-\w- hn-X-cWw sNøp∂ Bfm-b√; Ipń-Iƒ°vhn⁄m\w t\Sm-\p≈ hnhn-[-ß-fmb Ah-k-c-ßƒ GtIm-]n-∏n°p-∂ hy‡n-bm-bmWv So®¿ {]h¿Øn-t°-≠Xv.

bYm¿Y-Øn¬ as‰mcp hoSp-X-s∂-bmWv hnZ-ym-ebw. A[ym-]-IcmIs´, ho´p-Imcpw.Ipń-Iƒ°v hoń¬\n∂v e`n-t°≠ kvt\lw, ]cn-K-W\, kpc-£n-X-X-z-t_m-[w, AwKo-Imcw F∂nh Gdnbpw Ipd™pamWv e`n-°p-∂Xv F∂ Xncn-®-dn-hv- Hmtcm A[-ym-]-I\pw A[-ym-]-nIbv°pw D≠m-h-Ww. CXv Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw Hmtcm Ipń°pw th≠coXn-bn¬ Ch sImSp-°p-Ibpw sNøm≥ Ign-bp-tºm-gmWv Ah-cpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xzw]q¿W-am-Ip-∂-Xv. At∏m-gmWv kvIqƒ hoSm-Ip-∂-Xv.

Hmtcm Ipń-bp-sSbpw hy‡n]chpw IpSpw-_-]c-hp-amb ]-›m-Øew a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\v Xmsg -]-d-bp-∂h A[ym-]-I¿ sNtø-≠-Xp-≠v.


25

$ Krl-k-μ¿i-\w$ c£n-Xm-°-fp-am-bp≈ Bi-b-hn-\n-abw$ Ipń-sb \nc-¥-c-ambn \nco-£n--°¬$

Aßs\ Ipń°v kvt\lw, ]cn-K-W-\, kpc-£n-X-X-z-t_m-[w, AwKo-Imcw XpS-ßnbh \¬In Hcp kl-c-£n-Xm-hmbpw ]T-\-t\- -ßƒ ssIh-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ klm-bn-bmbpw amdp-tºm-gmWv ]pXnb Ime-L- -Øns‚ A[-ym-]nI/A[-ym-]-I-\mbn \mwamdp∂-Xv.

sa‚-dnßn-eqsS hgn-Im- ¬, D]-tZ-iw, ]n¥pW, sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø-en-\p≈ Ah-kcwXpS-ßn-bh Ipń-Iƒ°v e`n°p-∂p. A\p- -h-ÿ-\mb ap≥Kman F∂ \ne-bnepwA\p-I-c-Wo-b-\mb amXrI F∂ \ne-bn-ep-amWv sa‚¿ CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ \S-tØ-≠-Xv. t_m[-\-Øn\v Bh-iy-amb klm-b-ßfpw Iu¨kenßp-sa√mw CXns‚ mK-am-Wv. hnZym¿Yn-bn¬ Hfn-™pInS°p∂ Ign-hp-Iƒ ]pd-Øp-sIm≠phcm≥ Hcp \√sa‚¿°v Ign-bpw.

sa‚-dnßneqsS;

$ A[ym-]-I\pw hnZym¿Yn°pw anI® hnZym- ymk A\p- -h-ßƒ e`n-°p-∂p.$ A[ym-]-I-s‚bpw hnZym¿Yn-bp-sSbpw Adn-hns‚ taJe hnI-kn-°p-∂p.$ hnZym¿Yn-bpw kvIqfpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w i‡n-s∏-Sp-∂p.$ hnZym¿Yn-bpsS ]T-\-]p-tcm-K-Xnbpw hy‡n-hn-Im-khpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂p.$ Iq´mb Nn¥bpw Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°epw {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw km[y-am-Ip-∂p.$ c£n-Xm-°fpw kvIqfpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w i‡-am-hp-I-bpw Ipń-bpsS ]T-

\-\n-esb kw_-‘n®v [mc-W-bp-≠m-hp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.$ Iem˛ImbnI˛BtcmKy˛{]hr-Øn-]-T\ taJ-e-I-fnse Ipń-I-fpsS ]¶m-fn-

Øhpw hne-bn-cp-Øepw i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.Ipń-bpsS ]T-\-Xm¬∏-c-y-sØbpw hy-‡n-X-z-hn-I-mk-sØbpw Xz-cn-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-

Xn-\p≈ ]cn-lm-c-t_m-[-\-{]-{In-b-sbbpw \nc-¥c aqe-y-\n¿W-b-{]-{In-bsbbpw klm-bn-°p∂ {]{In-b-bmbn sa‚dnMv hnI-kn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. sa‚dnMv A\p- -h-ß-fp-ambn_‘-s∏- - Ip-dn-∏p-Iƒ k©n-Xtc-J-bn¬ Fgp-XWw.

kvIqfnse apgp-h≥ A[-ym-]-I-scbpw sat‚gvkv Bbpw F√m Ipń-I-sfbpw sa‚nBbpw ]cn-K-Wn®psIm≠m-hWw sa‚dnMv \S-∏m-t°-≠-Xv. ¢mknse F√m Ipń-I-sfbpw sNdnb {Kq∏p-I-fmbn IW-°m-°p-Ibpw Hmtcm {Kq∏ns‚bpw ]ptcm-KXn Dd-∏m-°m-\p-X-Ip∂Xn\v {]kvXpX ¢mkn¬ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ A[-ym-]-Isc {Kq∏ns‚ Npa-Xetb¬∏n-°m≥ Btem-Nn-°m-hp-∂-XpamWv.

1.13 A[ym-]-I¿ sXmgn¬]-c-ambn ]men-t°≠ [m¿anI

\nb-a-kw-lnX (Code of Professional Ethics for School Teachers)1. hnZym¿Yn-I-tfm-Sp≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øßƒ

1.1 F√m hnZym¿Yn-I-tfmSpw kvt\l-hm-’-ey-ß-tfmsS s]cp-am-dp∂p.

$ F√m hnZym¿Yn-I-tfmSpw ka- m-h-\-tbmsS s]cp-am-dpI.$ ]T-\-Øn¬ ]n∂m°w \n¬°p∂ hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v {]tXyI ]cn-K-W\

\¬IpI.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

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$ hnZym¿Yn-I-fn¬ Bfl-hn-izm-kw, Xm¬∏-cyw, {]Xymi F∂nh P\n-∏n-°p∂Xc-Øn-em-hWw s]cp-am-‰w.

1.2 PmXn, aXw, h¿Kw, h¿Ww, kmº-ØnI\ne-hm-cw, mj, enwKw, P∑-ÿew F∂o]cn-K-W-\-I-fn-√msX, \oXn, ]£-]m-X-cm-lnXyw F∂o aqey-ßsf _lp-am-\n-°p∂p.

$ A[ym-]-I¿°v P\m-[n-]XyXØz-ß-fn-epw kln-jvWp-X-bnepw kmaq-lnI\oXn-bn-ep-ap≈ hnizmkw hnZym¿Yn-I-fn-te°pw ]I-cp∂-p.

$ A[ym-]IcpsS hy‡n-]-c-amb hnizm-k-ßƒ, c-W-L-S\mXØz-ßƒ°v FXn-cm-bn-cp∂-m¬ AXv kvIqƒ kwhn-[m-\sØ Kpcp-X-c-ambn _m[n°pw.

1.3 hnZym¿Yn-bpsS imco-cn-I-hpw _u≤n-I-hpw sshImcn-Ihpw kZm-Nm-c-]chpw kmaq-ln-Ihpw Bflo-b-hp-amb hnIm-k-Øn\v A¥-co-£-sam-cp-°p∂-p.

$ imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb tijn-Iƒ AXns‚ ]q¿WXbnte°p hnI-kn-°p∂ Ime-amWv kvIqƒ hnZym- ym-k-Im-ew.

$ _u≤nI afi-e-Øn-\p-am{Xw hnImkw \¬I-em-h-cpXv hnZym- ymkw.$ k¿h-tXm-ap-J-amb hy‡n-Xz-hn-Im-k-am-bn-cn-°Ww hnZym- ymke£yw.

1.4 kvIqƒ Pohn-XØ-ns‚ F√m Xe-Ønepw hnZym¿Yn-bpsS hy‡nXzw am\n-°-s∏Sp∂p.

$ a\p-jy≥ F∂ \ne-bn¬ Hcp hnZym¿Yn-°p≈ P\m-[n-]Xy Ah-Im-i-ßfpwA¥ pw ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-≠v.

$ A[ym-]IcpsS mKØp\n∂p≈ {]Xn-Iq-e-amb A`n-{]mb{]I-S-\w hnZym¿Yn-bpsS Bflm- n-am-\sØ apdn-s∏Sp-Øp-Ibpw ]T-\sØ _m[n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.

$ kvIqfns‚ F√m {]h¿Ø-\-Ønepw F√m Ipń-I-fp-sSbpw kPo-h-amb ]¶m-fnØw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°-Ww.

$ sFIy-cm-jv{S-k` AwKo-I-cn-®Xpw C¥y-IqSn H∏ph®-Xp-amb Ipń-I-fpsS Ah-Imi{]Jym]-\hpw Ipń-I-fpsS Ah-Imikwc-£W IΩo-j≥ dnt∏m¿´pwA[ym-]-I¿ a\- n-em°n {]h¿Øn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

$ kvIqfp-I-fn¬ A®-S°w ]men-°p∂--Xn-\p-th≠n cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ \nb-am-henIpń-I-fpsS a\p-jy-Xz-]-c-amb Ah-Im-i-ßƒ \ntj-[n-°p--∂Xm-h-cp-Xv.

1.5 Ipń-IfpsS B¥cn-I-ti-jn-Ifpw {]Xn- bpw {]mh¿Øn-I-am-°m-\p≈ Bkq-{Xn-Xhpw Nn -s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xp-amb {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v cq]w \¬I-Ww.

$ tIh-e-amb A°m-Z-anIt\ -ßƒ°v D]-cn-bmbn Hmtcm Ipń-bp-sSbpw tijnbpw{]Xn- bpw Xncn-®-dn-bp-I F∂Xv A[ym-]IcpsS {][m-\- ISa-bmWvv.

$ hnZym¿Yn-I-fpsS F√m-hn[ Ign-hp-Ifpw hnI-kn-°m-\m-h-iy-amb {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ D≠m-I-Ww.

1.6 `c-W-L-S\ hn`m-h\w sNøp∂ aqey-ßfpw at\m- m-h-ßfpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ hn[-Øn-em-hWw ]mTy-]-≤Xn hn\n-abw.

$ P\m-[n-]-Xyw, aX-\n-c-t]-£-X, ka-Xzw, \oXn, kzmX-{¥yw F∂o `c-W-L-S\m aqey-ßƒ ]mTy-]-≤Xn hn\n-a-b-Øns‚ {][m\s∏´ B¥-cn-I-[mc-bm-h-Ww.


27

$ `c-W-L-S-\-bn¬ ]uc-∑m-cpsS IS-a-Isf°pdn®v ]d-bp∂ B¿ń-°nƒ 51 Fa\- nem°p-Ibpw AXnse F apX¬ sI hsc-bp≈ Jfi-ßƒ Dƒs°m≠v{]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNø-Ww.

1.7 hnZym¿Yn-I-fpsS Bh-iy-ßƒ A\pk-cn®v A[ym-]n-I-bpsS/ A[ym-]-Is‚A[ym-]-\-coXn ]cnjvIcn°p∂p.

$ \nc-¥chne-bn-cp-Ø-ens‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Ipń-bpsS {]Ir-Xw, B¿PnXambAdn-hv, A`n-cp-Nn, ]T-\-coXn XpS-ßn-bh ]cn-K-Wn®v t_m-[-\-X-{¥-ß-fn¬ Bh-iy-amb ]cn-jvI-cWw \n-c-¥cw \S-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v.

1.8 Ipń-Iƒ \¬Ip∂ Ah-cpsS hy‡n-]-c-amb hnh-c-ß-fpsS cl-ky-kz- mhw kq£n-°p-Ibpw B hnh-c-ßƒ \nb-a-]-c-ambn ssIam-dm-hp∂h-¿°p-am{Xw ssIam-dp-Ibpw sNøp∂-p.

$ Hcp Iu¨k-e¿ IqSn-bmb A[ym-]n-I/A[ym-]-I\v Ipń-bpsS hy‡n-]-c-amb hnh-c-ß-sf√mw Adnbmw.

$ Cu hnh-c-ßƒ Ipń-bpsS \∑-bv°p-th≠n hnth-I-]q¿hw am{Xta D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ ]mSp≈q.

1.9 Ipń-Isf b-s∏-Sp-Øp-I, D¬°WvTmIpe-cm-°p-I, imco-cn-I-ambn in£n-°pI,am\-kn-Ihpw sshIm-cn-I-hp-ambn ]oUn-∏n-°pI F∂n-h-bn¬\n∂v Hgn™p\n¬°p∂p.

$ Ipńsb ssewKnI]oU-\-ß-fpƒs∏-sS-bp≈ ]oU-\-ß-fn¬\n∂pw Ah-K-W-\-bn¬\n∂pw Nqj-W-Øn¬\n∂pw kwc-£n-°m-\p≈ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw A[ym-]I¿°p≠v.

$ in£ sa®-s∏´ ]T-\-Øn-te°p \bn°pw F∂ sX‰n≤mcW Xncp-Ø-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-≠v.

$ CØcw Imcy-ß-fn¬ Ipń°p e`n-°p∂ \nb-a-]-cn-c-£sb°pdn®pw A[ym-]-I¿ Adn-™n-cn-°-Ww.

1.10 GXp hnt[-\-bpap≈ ssewKnINqj-W-Øn¬\n∂pw Ipńsb kwc-£n-°p∂p.

$ ssewKnINqj-Ww imco-cn-I--amb BLm-X-ßƒ am{X-a√, hf-sc-°mew Xßn-\n¬°p∂ am\-kn-Im-Lm-XhpwIqSn Ipń°p≠m-°p∂p.

$ _lp-am-\-s∏´ C¥y≥ kp{]ow-tIm-S-Xnbpw F≥.-kn.]n. Bdpw tPmen ÿe-ß-fnepw kvIqfp-I-fnepw \S-°p∂ ssewKnINqj-W-Øn-s\-Xnsc \¬In-bn-´p≈ am¿K-\n¿tZ-i-ßƒ A[ym]-I¿ ]men-t°-≠-XmWv.

2. c£n-Xm-°-tfmSpw kaq-l-tØm-Sp-ap≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßƒ

2.1 amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfmSpw c£-mI¿Øm-°-tfmSpw hn\-b-]q¿h-ap≈ _‘w ÿm]n-°p∂p.

$ Ipńsb IqSp-X¬ Adn-bp--∂Xn\v Ah-cpsS c£-mI¿Øm-°-fp-ambpw kplr-Øp-°-fp-ambpw A[ym-]-I¿ \√ _‘w ]pe¿tØ-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv.

$ A[ym-]Icpw c£m-I¿Øm-°-fp-am-bp≈ kvt\l-]q¿W-amb _‘w IpńsbA[ym-]Icp-ambn IqSp-X¬ ASp-∏n°pw

ebmfwF´mwXcw

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$ `qcn-]£w c£n-Xm-°fpw Xß-fpsS Ipń-I-fpsS kvIqfn-\-I-Øpw -]p-d-Øp-ap≈{]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Ah-cpsS A[ym-]-I-cn¬\n∂v Adn-bm≥ Xm¬∏cy-ap-≈-h-cmWv.

$ hf¿®-bpsS L -Øn¬ Ipń-Iƒ°p kw -hn-°p∂ ]ng-hp-IƒIqSn t\ -ß-tfm-sSm∏w c£n-Xm-°-fp-ambn ]¶p-h-bv°p--∂Xv henb Zpc-¥-ßƒ Hgn-hm-°p∂--Xn\vklm-b-I-am-Ipw.

2.2 Ipń-I-fpsS A¥- ns\ l\n-°p∂ GXp {]hr-Øn-bn¬\n∂pw hn´p-\n¬°pI.

$ a‰p≈ hnZym¿Yn-I-fpsS ap∂n¬h®v Bflm- n-am-\sØ CSn-®p-XmgvØn kwkm-cn-°p∂-Xv Hgn-hm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

$ AXp-t]mseØs∂ c£n-Xm-°-fpsS A`n-am-\-sØbpw tNmZyw sNøcpXv.$ GsX-¶nepw Hcp hn`mKw Ipń-I-fpsS am{Xw ]›m-Ø-esØ (Pm-Xn, aXw,

kmº-Øn-Iw, ....) ]pIgvØn∏d-bp-∂Xv a‰p≈ Ipń-I-fn¬ hntZzjw P\n-∏n°pw.

2.3 Ipń-Iƒ°n-Sbn¬ C¥y-bpsS kmwkvIm-cnI ss]Xr-I-sØ-°p-dn®v A`n-am-\-t_m[w hnI-kn-∏n-°m≥ {ian-°p∂p.

$ At\Iw kwkvIm-c-ß-fp-sSbpw mj-I-fp-sSbpw aX-ß-fp-sSbpw hnizm-k-ß-fp-sSbpw \mSmWv C¥y. CXv Hmtcm ¢mknepw {]Xn- -en-°pw.

$ F∂m¬ C¥y-bn¬ Cu \m\m-Xz-Ønepw GIXzw cq]w-sIm-≠n- p-≠v.$ ]c-kv]-c-ap≈ kln-jvWp-Xbpw F√m kwkvIm-c-ß-sfbpw _lp-am-\n°m-\p≈

a\ pw thWw.$ Cu XØzw ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bn-eq-sS- hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m-\p≈ t_m[-]q¿h-amb {iaw

Bh-iy-am-Wv.

2.4 hnhn[ P\-hn- m-K-ßƒ XΩn-ep≈ hntZz-jhpw i{Xp-Xbpw hf¿Øp∂ XcØn-ep≈ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Hgn-hm-°Ww.

$ F√m aX-ß-tfmSpw hnizm-k-ß-tfmSpw `mj-I-tfmSpw Xpey-_-lp-am\whf¿Øp∂ Xc-Øn-ep≈ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fm-Wv ¢mkn¬ \S-t°-≠-Xv.

$ tZio-tbm-Zv{K-Y-\-Øns‚ ASn-Ød BZyw C¥y-°m-c≥. ]ns∂ am{Xw Hcphn`m-K-Ønse AwKw F∂ [mcWbmWv.

$ GsX-¶nepw Hcp hn`m-K-Øns‚ {]Nm-c-W-Øn-\mbn kvIqƒ / ¢mkv D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ø-cp-Xv.

$ ImenI-amb kmaqlnI cmjv{Sob Imcy-ßƒ N¿®-sN-øp-tºmgpw A[ym-]-I≥/A[ym-]nI GsX-¶nepw Hcp ]£Øp \n∂v kwkm-cn-°-cp-Xv.

3. A[ym-]\w F∂ sXmgn-ent\mSpw kl-{]-h¿Ø-I-tcm-Sp-ap≈ DØ-c-hmZn-Ø-ßƒ

3.1 sXmgn¬sshZKv[yw hnI-kn-∏n-°p∂X-n\v \nc-¥-cw ]cn-{i-an-°p∂-p.

$ Hcp hnZym¿Ynsb \nc-¥c]Tn-Xmhm-°m≥ {ian-°p∂ A[ym-]-I\pw Aßs\BtI-≠-Xp-≠v,

$ \nc-¥cw hnI-kn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ hn⁄m\taJ-e-I-sf-°p-dn®pw A[ym-]\coXn-I-sf-°p-dn-®p-ap≈ Adnhv tiJ-cn-°m\pw {]tbm-K-Øn¬ hcp-Øm\pwIgn-b-Ww.

$ GsX√mw Xe-ß-fn-¬\n∂v X\n°v ]pXnb Adn-hp-Iƒ e`n°pw F∂v At\z-jn-°pIsb∂Xv A[ym-]-Is‚ IS-a-bm-Wv.


29

3.2 kl-{]-h¿Ø-I¿ XΩnepw a‰p-≈-h¿ XΩn-ep-ap-≈ t_m[-]q¿h-amb Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-Øn-eqsS ]pXn-sbm-cp kwcw`w krjvSn-°p∂-p.

$ A°m-Z-an-I-amb DW-¿hv P\n-∏n-°p∂--Xpw F√m A[ym-]-I¿°pw Xß-fp-tS-Xmb kw`m-h\ \¬Im≥ Ignbp-∂Xp-amb Hcp ss\Xn-IX kvIqfn¬ krjvSn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

$ Cß-s\-sbm-cp-W¿hv D≠m-°p∂--Xn\v Bkq-{Xn-Xhpw e-{]-Z-hp-amb kl-I-cWw F√m A[ym-]-I-cn¬\n∂pw D≠m-h-Ww.

$ kvIqfnse {]iv\ßƒ ]cn-l-cn-°p--∂Xn¬ F√m A[ym-]-I-cp-sSbpw {Inbm-fl-I-amb \n¿tZi-ßfpw {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw D≠m-I-Ww.

$ A[ym-]Isc am{Xa√, kvIqƒ hnj-b-ß-fn¬ Xm¬∏-cy-ap≈ F√m hn`m-K-sØbpw CØcw {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-°m≥ A[ym-]-I\v Ign-b-Ww.

3.3 kl-{]-h¿Ø-I-tcmSv A¥-t m-sSbpw _lp-am-\-tØm-sSbpw s]cp-am-dp-∂p.

$ kvIqfnse F√m A[ym-]-I-tcmSpw Ah-cpsS hnZym- ymktbmKy-Xtbm Ah¿GXp hn`m-K-Ønse Ipń-Isf ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p-sht∂m ]cnKWn-°msX A¥-t m-sSbpw _lp-am-\-tØm-sSbpw s]cp-am-d-Ww.

3.4 A[ym-]-I¿ kzIm-cySyqj≥ FSp-°p-Itbm a‰p kzIm-cy hnZym- ymk{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-Itbm sNøp∂-n-√.

$ A[ym-]-I≥ kzImcySyqj≥ FSp-°p-∂Xv Ah-cpsS kvIqƒ {]h¿-Ø-\-ßsf{]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-°p∂-p.

$ kz¥w {]h¿Ø-\-ta-Je anI-®-Xm-°m-\p≈ kabw Ah¿°v \jvS-am-Ip∂p.$ kz¥w hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v kzIm-cySyqj≥ \¬Ip-tºmƒ AXv kvIqfnse

ss\XnIXØz-ßƒ°pXs∂ hnLm-XamI-Ø° s]cp-am-‰-ßƒ°p Imc-W-am-bn-Øo-cpw.

3.5 Xs‚ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-sfbpw Xocp-am-\-ß-sfbpw kzm[o-\n-°p-sa∂v Adn-bm-hp--∂Xn-\m¬ GsX-¶nepw hn[-Øn-ep≈ kΩm-\-ßtfm a‰p klm-b-ßtfm kzoI-cn-°p∂n√.

$ GsX-¶nepw Xc-Øn-ep≈ B\p-Iq-ey-ßƒ {]Xo-£n-®p-sIm≠v \¬I-s∏-Sp∂hne-]n-Sn-∏p≈ kΩm-\-ßƒ A[ym-]-I¿ hnZym¿Yn-I-fn¬\nt∂m c£m-I¿Øm-°-fn¬\nt∂m kzoI-cn-°-cp-Xv.

3.6 kl{]h¿Ø-I¿s°-Xn-scbpw D∂-Xm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒs°-Xn-scbpw A\m-h-iy-ambBtcm-]-W-ßƒ D-∂bn-°p-∂n-√.

$ ]c-kv]cw Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ hn`m-KobkwL-ßƒ A[ym-]-I¿°n-S-bn¬ A`n-Im-ay-a-√.

$ kl-{]-h¿Ø-I¿s°-Xn-cmbn sXfn-hp-I-fn-√mØ Btcm-]-W-ßƒ D∂-bn-°-cpXv.

$ GsX-¶nepw Hcp kl-{]-h¿Ø-Is‚/kl-{]-h¿Ø-I-bpsS mK-Øp-\n∂v Kpcp-X-c-amb sX‰v ImWp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXv ko\n-b¿ A[ym-]-I-cpsS {i≤-bn¬s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

3.7 kl-{]-h¿Ø-I-cp-sStbm hnZym¿Yn-I-fp-sStbm c£n-Xm-°-fp-sStbm ap∂n¬h®vHcp kl-{]-h¿Ø-Is\ A[n-t£-]n®v kwkm-cn-°p∂-n-√.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

30

$ A[ym-]-Isc-°p-dn®v hyXy-kvX-ßfmb A`n-{]m-b-ßƒ D≠mImw. F∂m¬AXv {]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂ coXn am\y-am-bn-cn-°-Ww.

$ kl-{]-h¿Ø-Is‚ A[ym-]\coXnsb A]-l-kn-°p∂ Xc-Øn¬ kwkm-cn-°-cpXv.

3.8 kl-{]-h¿Ø-I-cpsS A[ym-]-\-\n-e-]m-Sp-Isf am\n-°p-∂p.

$ A[ym-]-\-Øn¬ anIhp ]pe¿Øp--∂h-cpsS {]h¿Ø-\-ßsf «mLn-°p-IbpwAØcw anIhv B¿Pn-°m≥ {ian-°p-Ibpw sNø-Ww. F∂m¬ AXv XnI®pwA‘-amb A\p-I-c-W-am-I-cp-Xv.

3.9 kl-{]-h¿ØI-sc-°p-dn-®p≈ kzImcyhnh-c-ßƒ cl-ky-ambn kq£n-°pIbpw\nb-a-]-c-ambn Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ am{Xw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

$ GsX-¶nepw Bh-iy-Øn-\mbn tiJ-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ kl-{]-h¿Ø-Isc-°p-dn-®p≈hy‡n]c-amb hnh-c-ßƒ clkykz`m-h-ap-≈-Xm-sW-¶n¬ Ah \nb-a-]-c-ambImcy-ßƒ°p am{Xta shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ ]mSq-≈q.

1.14 So®nMv am\-z¬

]T\t\ -ßƒ e£y-am°n Hmtcm A[ym-]n-I-bv°pw A[ym-]-I\pw k¿Km-fl-I-amb coXn-bn¬ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Bkq-{XWw sNøm≥ Ign-b-Ww. ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Ønepw So®¿sS-IvÃnepw \¬In-bn- p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Xs‚ ¢mknse Ipń-Iƒ°vtbmPn® coXn-bn¬ hg-°-tØmsS, am‰-ßƒ hcp-Ønbpw Iqń-t®¿Øpw {]{Inbmt]Pv hnI-kn-∏n-°p-I-bmWv th≠-Xv. Hmtcm ]T-\-t\- hpw ssIh-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v klm-b-I-amb th≠{X {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Bkq-{X-W-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-tfm-sSm∏wXs∂ hne-bn-cp-Øepw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠p≈Bkq-{X-W-amWv {]{In-bm-t]-Pn¬ Fgp-tX-≠-Xv.

\nc-¥-c-hn-e-bn-cp-Ø-en-eqsS e`n-°p∂ hnh-c-ß-fpsS tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-emWv hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ t]Pnep≠m-th-≠-Xv.

IrXyhpw A¿∞-]q¿W-hp-amb Bi-b-cq-]o-I-c-W-Øn\v Bh-iy-amb ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-Xm-hWw So®nMv am\z¬. Cßs\ Hmtcm BgvN-bnepw \S-∏n-em-°nb ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS hne-bn-cp-Ø-en-eqsS cq]o-I-cn-°-s∏´ hnh-c-ßsfASn-ÿm-\-am°n So®¿ Hcp eLp-hmb {]Xn- -e-\-°p-dn∏v (Reflection Note) Xøm-dm-°p-Ibpw SRG/Subject Council en¬ N¿®-sN-øp-Ibpw thWw. Cu Ipdn-∏ns‚ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-bn-cn-°Ww So®-dpsS XpS¿∂p≈ Bkq-{X-W-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-t°-≠-Xv.


31

So®nMv am\-z¬

]mT-Øns‚ t]cv :XnbXn :{]Xo-£n-°p∂ kabw :]T-\-t\- -ßƒ :Bi-b-ßƒ :tijn-Iƒ :`mjmhkvXp-X-Iƒ :hy-h-lmccq]-ßƒ :aqe-y-ßƒ, at\m- m-h-ßƒ :]T\kma-{Kn-Iƒ :{]Xo-£nX D¬∏-∂-ßƒ :

slUvankv{Skv/slkvam-ÃdpsS H∏v A[ym-]-I≥/A[-ym-]nIbpsS H∏v

{]{Inbm t]Pv hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ t]Pv

({]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw hne-bn-cp-Øepw (hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ hnh-c-ß-fmWvAS-ßnb {]{Inb) ChnsS Fgp-Xp-∂-Xv.)

So®nMv am\z-ens‚ t^m¿am‰v NphsS tN¿°p-∂p.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

32

{]Xn- -e-\m-flINn¥ (Reflections)Fs‚ Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ, Xncn-®-dn-hp-Iƒ

(]T\{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ {]{In-b-bn-eqsSe`n® hnh-c-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬)$

$

$

$

XpS¿{]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw ]cn-lmc{]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw

$

$

$

$

{]Xn- -e-\m-flINn¥ (dn vf-Ivj≥ Ipdn-∏v) F¥n\v?\n›nX ]T-\-t\- -ßf\p-k-cn®v \S-∏n-em-°nb ]T\{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-sS]q¿Øo-I-c-W-ti-j-am-bn-cn-°Ww dn vfIvj≥ Xøm-dm-t°-≠-Xv.

$ Cu Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ {]Xn-hmc Fkv.-B¿.Pn tbmK-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n°mw.

$ XpS¿ Bkq-{X-W-Øn\v Znimt_m[w \¬Im≥.

$ tSanse kn. C. t{ImUo-I-c-W-Øn-\v.


33

2

]T\w (Learning) F∂Xv IpńIfn¬ kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw \nc-¥-c-ambpw \S-°p∂

Hcp {]{In-b-bm-Wv. ]T\w Imcy-£-a-am-I-W-sa-¶n¬, A\p- -h-ßƒ Dt±-iym-[n-jvTn-

X-hpw ]T-\-t\- -ßsf tI{μo-I-cn-®p-am-IWw. Ipń- t\-tS≠ tijn-Isfbpw [mc-W-

I-sfbpw kw_-‘n®v A[ym-]-I\v hy‡-amb Ah-t_m[w D≠m-I-Ww. Hmtcm ]mT-

`m-K-hp-ambn _‘-s∏ v t\tS≠ ]T\t\ -ßƒ (Learning outcomes) ap≥Iqń I≠p-

sIm≠v ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Bkq-{XWw sNø-Ww. Cu {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Pohn-X-

k-μ¿ -ß-fp-ambn _‘n-∏n®v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw thWw.

C{]-Imcw t\Snb tijn-I-fpw [mc-W-Ifpw ]T-\-t\- -ßƒ Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn\v F{X-

am{Xw ]cym-]vX-amWv? ]T-\-t\-´-ßƒ ssIh-cn-°m≥ C\nbpw tijn-°p-∂-h¿

Bsc√mw? \¬tI≠p∂ XpSc\p-`-h-ßƒ Fs¥-√m-am-IWw? Ah Fßs\

\¬Ipw? C{]-Im-c-ap≈ Nn¥-I-fmWv hne-bn-cp-Ø-en-s‚ `mK-ambn A[ym-]-I-cn¬

D≠m-tI-≠-Xv.

Hcp ]mT- m-K-Øns‚/bqWn-‰ns‚ hn\n-a-b-Øn-\p-tijw "Fs¥ms° ]Tn®p' F∂v

hne-bn-cp-Øp∂ {]{Inbsb ]T-\sØ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ (Assessment of learning) F∂v

]d-bmw. ]mT- m-K-ß-fpsS ]T-\-Øn-\p-ti-j-ap≈ ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ anI-hv, ]T-\-\n-e-hmcw

F∂n-h-bmWv ChnsS hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. CXv hne-bn-cp-Ø-ens‚ Hcp Xew

am{Xta BIp-∂p-≈q.

F∂m¬ ]T\w Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ hne-bn-cp-Ø-en-\mWv IqSp-X¬

{]mapJyw I¬∏n-t°-≠-Xv. ]T\w \S-°p∂ thf-bn¬ AXns‚ Imcy-£-a-X-bv°p-

th≠n A[ym-]-It\m, kl-]m-Tn-Itfm \S-Øp∂ hnhn-[-ß-fmb CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ D≠m-

Imw. ]T-\-Ønt\m-sSm-∏-ap≈ Cu hne-bn-cp-Øepw ôUv_m°v \¬Iepw hne-bn-

cp-Ø-ens‚ as‰m-cp-X-e-am-Wv. CXns\ ]T-\-Øn-\m-bp≈ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ (Assess-ment for learning) F∂v ]d-bmw. CXv ]T-\-]p-tcm-K-Xn-°p-th≠n \nc-¥cw \n¿h-ln-

t°-≠-Xpw ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-tØmSv Cg-tN¿∂v \n¬°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv.

CtXm-sSm∏w ]T-\-Øn-eqsS t\Snb Bi-b-ßsfbpw [mc-W-I-sfbpw kzbw

hna¿i-\m-fl-I-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-°p-Ibpw am‰-ßƒ Dƒs°m-≈p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp

Xncp-Ø¬ {]{In-bbpw D≠v. CXns\ kzbw hne-bn-cp-Ø-embn Icp-Xmw. C{]-Imcw

kzbw \n¿h-ln-°p∂ hne-bn-cp-Ø-en-eqsSbpw ]T\w km[y-am-Ip-∂p. CXns\ hne-

bn-cp-Ø¬Xs∂- ]-T\w (Assessment as learning) F∂p ]d-bmw.

]T\w IqSpX¬ Imcy-£-a-ambn \n¿h-ln-°-W-sa¶n¬ "]T-\-Øn-\m-bp≈ hne-

bn-cp-Ø¬', "hne-bn-cp-Ø¬Xs∂ ]T\w' F∂n-h-bv°v IqSp-X¬ Du∂¬ \¬tI-≠-

Xp-≠v. AØ-c-Øn¬ ]T\w ê-{]-Z-am-Ip-∂-Xn-\p≈ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ {]{In-b-Iƒ°v

{]m[m\yw \¬Ip∂ kao-]-\-amWv \Ωƒ kzoI-cn-t°-≠-Xv.

]T-\-t\- -ßƒ Dd-∏m-°p∂ Xc-Øn-ep≈ ]T\kao-]\w kzoI-cn-°p-tºmƒ AXn\v

hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ kao-]\w

ebmfwF´mwXcw

34

A\p-Kp-W-amb Hcp hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ kao-]-\hpw kzoI-cn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. Bb-Xn-\m¬

]T-\-t\- -ß-ƒ°v Du∂¬ \¬Ip∂ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ kao-]-\-amWv (Outcome focusedassessment approach) kzoIcn-t°-≠-Xv. ]T-\-t\- -ßƒ°v Du∂¬ \¬In cq]-s∏-Sp-

Øp∂ ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßfn¬ ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ "kPoh-]-¶m-fnØw' Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂p.

hna¿i-\m-flINn¥, bp‡nNn¥, ]T-\-Øns‚ {]Xn- -e-\hpw {]I-S-\hpw, ]c-kv]-

c-_-‘n-X-amb Adnhv XpS-ßn-bh ]T-\-t\- -ßƒ°v Du∂¬ \¬In-bp≈ ]T-\-Øns‚

khn-ti-j-X-I-fm-Wv.

\nc-¥-chpw ka-{K-hp-amb hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ (CCE)\nc-¥-chpw ka-{K-hp-amb hne-bn--cp-Ø¬ coXn-bmWv \mw kzoI-cn-®ncn°p-∂-Xv.

Ipń-bn¬ A\pkyq-X-ambn \S°p∂ Hcp {]{In-b-bm-Wv ]T\w. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂

tijn-Ifpw [mc-W-Ifpw F{X-tØmfw t\Sn F∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°p∂ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

{]{In-bbpw \nc-¥-c-am-bn-cn-°-Ww. ka-{K-amb hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ F∂-Xp-sIm≠v A¿Y-

am-°p-∂Xv Ipń-bpsS ssh⁄m-\n-I-hpw kmaq-ln-I-hpw sshIm-cn-I-hp-amb taJ-e-

I-fnse hne-bn-cp-ØemWv.

t{KUnMv coXn\nc-¥-chpw ka-{K-hp-amb hne-bn-cp-Ø-en\v t{KUnMv coXn-bmWv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-

Xv. F´mw-¢mkv hsc-bp≈ t{KUnßn\v s]mXp-hmbn A©v t]mbn‚ v t{KUnMv D]-

tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. A©v t]mbn‚ v t{K-Unßns‚ t{KUv t]mbn‚ v iX-am-\hpw t{KUpw

NphsS \¬Ip-∂p.

t{KUv t]mbn‚ v iX-am\w t{KUv

75 - 100 A

60 - 74 B

45 - 59 C

33 - 44 D

33 ¬ Xmsg E

hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ {]{In-b-bpsS XpS¿®bpw ka-{K-Xbpw Dd-∏m-°p∂Xn\p-th≠n

{][m-\-ambpw c≠v taJ-e-Iƒ ]cn-K-Wn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

CCE taJ-e-Iƒ1. ssh⁄m-\nItaJe

2. kmaq-lnI˛sshIm-cn-ItaJ-e

Ch Hmtcm∂pw hni-Z-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.


35

ssh⁄m-\nI taJ-e-bnse hnImkw kw_-‘n® hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

Ipń ]T\w \n¿h-ln-°p∂ F√m hnj-b-ßfpw ssh⁄m-\nI taJ-e-bn¬ Dƒs∏-

Sp∂p. mjmhnj-b-ßƒ, imkv{Xhnj-b-ßƒ (ASn-ÿm-\-imkv{Xw, KWn-Ximkv{Xw,

kmaq-ly-im-kv{Xw), Iem-]T\w, {]hrØn]T\w, Btcm-Ky˛-Im-bnI hnZym-`ymkw

XpS-ßnb F√m hnj-b-ßfpw Cu taJ-e-bn¬s∏Sp-Ømw. Hmtcm hnj-b-hp-ambn _‘-

s∏´ ]T-\-t\- -ßƒ Is≠Øn Ah F{X-tØmfw t\Sm≥ km[n®p F∂ hne-bn-cp-

Ø-emWv \S-tØ-≠Xv. ChnsS c≠p Xc-Øn-ep≈ hne--bn-cp-Ø-emWv \n¿tZ-in-°p-

∂-Xv.

1. \nc-¥chne-bn-cp-Ø¬ (CE)2. tSw hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ (TE)\nc-¥c hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ (CE)ss{]a-dn-X-e-Øn¬ `mjm-hn-j-b-ßfpsS -]-T\ØneqsS At\-I-ti-jn-I-fpsS

B¿P\w \S-t°≠Xp≠v. CXn¬ Bi-b-ßƒ, hkvXp-X-Iƒ, hnhn[ hn⁄m-\-ta-

J-e-Iƒ, k¿Km-fl-I-c-N-\-Iƒ XpSßn sshhn-[y-am¿∂ D≈-S-°-hp-ap-≠v. Ch Hgn-

hm-°n-s°m≠v `mjm-ti-jn-Isf \n¿W-bn-°pI ZpjvI-c-am-Wv. tI´pw hmbn®pw Imcy-

ßƒ {Kln-°p-I, ]d™pw Fgp-Xnbpw AXv {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-I, k¿Km-flI cN-\-Iƒ

\S-ØpI XpS-ßnb tijn-Iƒ `mjm-]T\hp-ambn _‘-s∏- mWv hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°p-

∂-Xv. AXn-\m¬ tIhetijn-I-fmtbm hn⁄m-\kºmZ-\-amtbm `mjm-]-T-\sØ

th¿Xn-cn-°m-\m-hn-√.

1, 2 ¢mkp-I-fn¬ Xoap-Isf ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bmWv `mj, (ae-bm-fw, Cw•o-jv,

CXc- m-j-Iƒ), ]cn-k-c-]-T-\w, KWnXw F∂o hnj-b-ß-fnse {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Nn -

s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv. AXn-\m¬ Cu ¢mkp-I-fnse D≈-S-°-ta-J-e-bmbn {]kvXpX

Xoans\ \ap°v \nP-s∏-Sp-Ømw. hmNn-Ihpw enJn-X-hp-amb tijn-I-fpsS hnIm-k-

Øn¬ {]mY-an-I-L- -Øn¬ \n¬°p∂ Ipń-I-fm-I-bm¬ {ih-Ww, `mj-Ww, en]n-hn-

\ym-k-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn-b¬, D®m-c-W-hy-‡-X-tbm-sS-bp≈ hmb-\,

icn-bmb Bte-J-\-{I-aw, cN-\-bnse hf¿® F∂nh `mjm-ti-jn-I-fpsS {]mY-

anIL´ß-fmbn ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠n-h-cpw.

imkv{X-hn-j-b-ß-fn¬ Hmtcm Bi-b-cq-]o-I-c-W-L- -Ønepw Ipń- B¿Pn® Bib

[mc-W-Iƒ, ssIh-cn-°p∂ tijn-Iƒ F∂nh ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

ChnsS aq∂p coXn-bn-ep≈ \nc-¥c hne-bn-cp-Ø-emWv \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂Xv.

$ ]T\{]{In-b-bpsS hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

$ t]m¿ vt^mfntbm hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

$ bqWn‰vXe hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ (Hmtcm bqWn-‰n-t‚bpw ka-{K-amb hne-bn-cp-

Ø¬)

Ch Hmtcm∂pw hni-Z-ambn ]cn--tim-[n-°mw.

]T\{]{In-b-bpsS hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

]T-\-{]-{In-b-bpsS `mK-ambn tijn-Iƒ B¿Pn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n A[ym-]-I≥

hnhn-[-ß-fmb {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Bkq-{XWw sNøp-∂p. Hmtcm {]h¿-Ø\w \S∏m°p-

tºmgpw ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-Ønse ]¶m-fn-Øw, ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ {]I-S-\-Øn-setbm

Ah-X-c-W-Øn-setbm anI-hv, {]{In-b-bpsS `mK-ambn Fgp-Xm\pw Ipdn--∏p-Iƒ Xbm-

ebmfwF´mwXcw

36

dm-°m-\p-ap≈ A`n-cp-Nn, Ipń-Iƒ°v \n¿ZnjvS tijn-Iƒ F{X-am{Xw B¿Pn-°m≥

Ign-™n- p≠v XpS-ßnb Imcy-ßƒ hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ {iahpw So®-dpsS `mK-

Øp-\n∂v D≠mhWw. Cßs\ t\m°p-tºmƒ, ]T-\-{]-{In-b-bnse ]TnXm-hns‚ hne-

bn-cp-Ø-en\v s]mXp-hmbn NphsS sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ kqN-I-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn°mw

F∂p ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

1. {]h¿Ø-\-Ønse ]¶m-fnØw ({]h¿Ø\w Gs‰-Sp-°m-\p≈ k∂-≤X,

hy‡n-KX {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ sNøp-∂-Xnse anI-hv, {Kq∏nse CS-s]-S¬, Bi-

b-ßƒ ]¶p-h-bv°¬....)

2. Bib[mcW

3. tijn-Iƒ B¿Pn-°¬

4. {]I-S\w/Ah-X-cWw

5. tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø¬/Xbmdm°¬

{]{Inb hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ \n¿h-ln-°p-tºmƒ, Hmtcm kqN--Ihpw ASn-ÿm-\-am°n

hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ \n¿h-ln-°-Ww. DZm-l-c-W-ambn "{]h¿Ø-\-Ønse ]¶m-fnØw' F∂

kqNIw ASn-ÿm-\-am°n hne-bn-cp-Øp-tºmƒ G‰hpw anI® ]¶m-fn-Ø-ap-≈-h¿,

anI® ]¶mfn-Ø-ap-≈-h¿, icm-icn ]¶m-fn-Ø-ap-≈-h¿, C\nbpw sa®-s∏-tS-≠-h¿

F∂p kqNn-∏n-°p∂ Xc-Øn-ep≈ Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ/ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ So®nMv am\z-

ens‚ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ t]Pn¬ D≠m-h-Ww. Hcp tSan-\p-≈n¬ F√m ]Tn-Xm-°-tfbpw

Hmtcm kqN-I-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-Ønbpw hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ \SØn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

]T-\-{]-{In-bbnse ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ anI-hns\ hnhn[ kqN-I-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v hne-

bn-cp-Øp-∂-sX-ß-s\-sb∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.

{]h¿Ø-\-Ønse ]¶m-fnØw

˛ {]h¿Ø\w Gs‰-SptØm?

˛ hy‡nK-X-ambn sNøm≥ {ian-®n- pt≠m?

˛ {Kq∏n¬ ê-{]-Z-ambn CS-s]- n- pt≠m?

˛ Bi-b-ßƒ ]¶p-h-®n- pt≠m?

Bi-b-[m-cW

˛ Cu {]h¿Ø-\-^-e-ambn D≠m-tI≠ Bi-b-[m-cW cq]-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-

™n-´pt≠m?

- ho≠pw {]h¿Ø-\tam ôUv_mt°m \¬tI≠n h∂n- pt≠m?

tijn-Iƒ B¿Pn-°¬

˛ Cu {]h¿Ø-\-Øn-eqsS \n›-bn-®n-cn-°p∂ tijn-Iƒ t\Sm≥ Ign-™n-

´pt≠m?

- ]ńI cq]o-I-cn-®n- pt≠m?

˛ hcn-Ifpw I√p-Ifpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-™n- pt≠m? A[nI

tNmZy-ßfpw So®-dpsS CS-s]-S-ep-Ifpw Bh-iy-ambn h∂n- pt≠m?

- ]ńI hni-I-e\w sNbvXv \nK-a-\-Øn-se-Øm≥ Ign-™n-´pt≠m? a‰p-≈-h-

cpsS klmbw th≠n ht∂m?


37

{]I-S\w/ Ah-X-cWw

˛ hy‡n-KX {]h¿Ø-\-Øn\v tijhpw {Kq∏v {]h¿Ø-Øn\v tijhpw Is≠-

Ønb Imcyw Ah-X--cn-∏n-°m≥ {ian-®n- pt≠m?

˛ \nK-a\w bp‡n-]q¿Δw ka¿∞n-°m≥ Ign-™n- pt≠m?

tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø¬/ Xbm-dm-°¬

- {]h¿Ø-\-Øn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-b-t∏mƒ Bh-iy-amb tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ \S-

Øn-bn-´pt≠m?

- tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ a‰p-≈-h¿°v a\- n-em-Ip∂ coXn-bn¬ BtWm?

- tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-en\v ASp°pw Nn´bpw Dt≠m?

- ]ńI icn-bmbn Xbm-dm-°n--bn- pt≠m?

- hy‡n-K-Xambpw {Kq∏v N¿®bv°v tijhpw ¢mkv N¿®°v tij-hp-ap≈ tcJ-

s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-I-fpt≠m?

Ipdn∏v : Hmtcm {]h¿Ø-\-Ønepw Cu kqN-Ißƒ D]--tbm-Kn®v F√m

Ipń-I-sfbpw hne-bn-cpØn t{KUv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-W-sa-∂n-√. Cu kqN-I-

ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Hcp tSanse samØw {]I-S-\-sØ-bmWv hne-

bn-cp-tØ-≠-Xv. CXn-\mbn So®-dpsS hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ t]Pn¬ Nne Ipdn-∏p-

Iƒ D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. tSans‚ HSp-hn¬ Hmtcm kqN-I-Øn\pw 4/3/2/1

kvtImdp-Iƒ \¬In-bmWv {]{In-b-bpsS t{KUv IW-°m-t°-≠-Xv. CXns‚

sXfn-hmbn Ipń-bpsS t\m v_p°nse tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-

Ømw.

\nc-¥c hne-bn-cp-Ø-ens‚ `mK-ambn `mj-bn¬ ]T-\-{]-{Inb hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠Xv

Fß-s\-sb∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.

`mj-bn¬ D≈-S-°-]-c-amb Bibw e`n-°p∂p F∂-Xp-t]mse {][m-\-amWv hyh-

lm-c-cq-]-kw-_-‘n-bmb Adnhpw mjm-ti-jn-I-fpsS hnIm-khpw Ipń-bn-ep-≠m-Ip∂p

F∂-Xpw. Aß-s\-sb-¶n¬ kqN-I-ßƒ ]cn-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠v Fß-s\-bmWv ]T-\-

{]-{Inb hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠-Xv.

]¶m-fnØw

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ Xmev]cyw, {Kq∏p-{]-h¿Ø-\-Ønse ]¶m-

fn-Øw, hyXykvX `mjm-]-T-\-k-t¶-X-ß-fn-eqsS (sse{_-dn, Assk≥sa‚ v ]q¿Øn-

bm-°¬.......) Adnhv \n¿Ωn-s®-Sp-°p∂ coXn F∂n-h-sbms° CXn¬ ]cn-K-Wn-°-

Ww.

Bib[mcW

`mj-bnse D≈-S-°-]-c-amb [mc-W, hyh-lm-c-cq-]-Øns‚ LS-\, KpW-\n-e-

hmc kqNI-ßƒ, `mjm-]-c-amb anIhv F∂n-h-bn¬ ]Tn-Xmhv FhnsS \n¬°p∂p

F∂-XmWv A[ym-]nI ChnsS hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠-Xv.

tijn-Iƒ

{ih-Ww, `mjWw, hmb-\, teJ-\w, k¿Km-fl-IX XpS-ßnb tijn taJ-e-

I-fn¬ ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ ]ptcm-KXn hne-bn-cpØn ôUv_m°v \¬Ip-∂p. ChnsS hnhn[

ebmfwF´mwXcw

38

`mjm hyh-lmc taJ-e-Iƒ, `mjm-h-kvXp-X-Iƒ, Bi-b-hn-\n-abw F∂n-h-bn¬ Ipń-

bpsS {]I-S\w IqSn ]cn-K-Wn-°-Ww.

{]IS\w/Ah-X-cWw

`mj-bn¬ Bi-b-{]-I-S-\-Øn\v hyXykvX hgn-I-fp-≠-t√m. Ipń-bpsS cN-

\m-ti-jn-t]m-se-Xs∂ {][m-\-amWv a‰v `mjm-{]-I-S-\-ßfpw (]mcm-b-Ww, Bem-]-

\w, A`n-\-bw, Nn{Xw-h-c, `mj-Ww) ˛ D®m-c-W-ip-≤n, kv]jvSX F∂n-h-sbms°

]cn-K-Wn-®m-bn-cn°pw ChnsS A[ym-]nI ôUv_m°v \¬tI-≠Xv.

tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø¬ /Xbm-dm-°¬

{]h¿Ø-\-Øn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-b-t∏mƒ Bh-iy-amb tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ

\S-Øn-bn-´pt≠m? tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ a‰p-≈-h¿°v a\- n-em-Ip∂ coXn-bn¬

BtWm? tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-en\v ASp°pw Nn´bpw Dt≠m? hy‡n-K-Xambn cN\ \S-Øn-

bn- pt≠m? ¢mkv N¿®bv°v tijw {Kq∏n¬ sa®-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- pt≠m? sX‰n-√msX

cN\ \n¿h-ln-°m≥ Ipń-Iƒ°v Ign-bp-∂pt≠m? F∂-XmWv A[ym-]nI hne-bn-cp-

tØ-≠-Xv.

ta¬ kqNn-∏n® taJ-e-I-fn-sem-s°, Hcp tSw Ign-bp-tºmƒ ]Tn-Xm-hns‚

ka-{K-]p-tcm-KXn I≠psIm≠v thWw ]T-\-{]-{Inb hne-bn-cpØn

A[ym-]nI t{KUv sNtø-≠-Xv.

Cu kqN-I-ß-sfm-s°-Øs∂ `mjm-]-T-\-{]-{In-b-bn¬ Ft∏mgpw {]k-‡-am-Wv.

Hcp tSanse hnhn[ bqWn-‰p-I-fnse \n¿±njvS ]T-\-t\- -ßƒ Dd-∏m-°p∂ F√m ]T-

\-{]{Inbbn-sebpw ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ {]I-S-\sØ A[ym-]n-Ibv°v hne-bn-cpØmw; A\n-

hm-cy-X-°-\p-k-cn®v So®nMv am\z-ens‚ {]Xn-I-c-W-t]-Pn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bp-am-hmw.

$ `mjbnse Hcp ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ kq£va-{]-{Inb t\m°q (hnh-cWw

Xbm-dm-°p-∂-Xns‚ ]T-\-{]-{Inb)

$ Ipń-Iƒ ]qt¥m- -Øns‚ hnh-cWw Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

{]{In-bm-L-´-ßƒ

$ e`n® A\p- -h-Øn-s‚bpw (t\c-\p- -hw, Zriyw) B¿PnX Adn-hn-s‚bpw ASn-

ÿm-\-Øn¬ hy‡n-K-X-ambn hnh-cWw Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

$ {Kq∏n¬ hmbn-®-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. Bh-iy-amb Iqń-t®¿°-ep-Iƒ/Hgn-hm-°¬

\SØn sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

$ {Kq∏ns‚ Ah-X-c-Ww.

$ D≈-S-°w, LS-\, `mjm-{]-tbmKw F∂nh kw_-‘n®v ¢mkn¬ s]mXp-N¿®

$ hnh-c-W-Øns‚ KpW-\n-e-hm-c-kq-N-Ißƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

$ sa®-s∏-SpØn hnh-cWw Xbm-dm-°¬

CXns\ FUn-‰nMv {]{In-b°v hnt[-b-am-°p-tºmtgm?

Aß-s\-sb-¶n¬ {]{In-bm-L- -ßƒ Fß-s\-bm-bn-cn°pw?

$ hy‡n-KX cN\


39

$ {Kq∏n¬ hmbn-®-h-X-cn-∏n-°¬ ˛ N¿®

$ {Kq∏p-ev]∂w Xbm-dm-°¬ (F√m-hcpw N¿®-sNbvXv Hcp Dev]∂w Xbm-dm-

°¬)

$ {Kq∏p-I-fn¬ Xbm-dm-°nb hnh-cWw {]Z¿in-∏n-°¬

$ So®¿ th¿j≥ Ah-X-cWw

$ icm-i-cn-bn¬ \nev°p∂ Hcp Dev]∂w ]cn-K-Wn®v IrXy-amb tNmZy-ßƒ tNmZn-

°p∂p? (Bi-b-X-ew, hmIy-L-S-\, ]Zw, A£-cw, Nn”w)

$ N¿®-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Ipń-Iƒ Xß-fpsS cN-\-Iƒ sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

Cu {]h¿Ø-\sØ hnhn[ kqN-I-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v hen-bn-cp-Øp-∂-sX-ß-s\-

sb∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.

$ ]¶m-fnØw ˛ {]h¿Ø-\-Øn-epS\of-ap≈ ]¶m-fn-Øw.

$ Bi-b-[m-cW ˛ ]qt¥m- -hn-h-c-W-Øn¬ ]cn-K-Wn-t°≠ Bi-b-ßƒ, hnh-

c-W-Øns‚ LS\, kqN-I-Øns‚ KpW-\n-e-hmcw kw_-

‘n® Adn-hv.

$ tijn-Iƒ ˛ `mj-Ww, hmb-\, teJ-\w... XpS-ßn-bhbn¬ Ipń-bpsS Ign-

hv.

$ {]I-S\w ˛ hy‡n-K-X-c-N-\-{Kq -∏n¬ hmbn-®-h-X-cn -∏n -°p-tºm-gpw

{Kq∏hXc-W-th-f-bnepw.

$ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø¬ ˛ hy‡n-KX cN-\, {Kq∏nse sa®-s∏-SpØepIƒ, {]h¿Ø-

\-Øn--ep-S-\ofw \S-Ønb tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø¬ F∂nh ]cn-K-Wn®v

Cu {]h¿Ø-\sØ hne-bn-cpØn A\n-hm-cy-Xbv°-\p-k-

cn®v So®nMv am\z-en¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øm-a-t√m.

]T\{]{Inb hne-bn-cp-Ø-ep-ambn _‘-s∏´ Nne DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ {i≤n-®-t√m.

tSan-s\m-Sp-hn¬ ]T\{]{In-b-bpsS hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ A[ym-]n-

Ibv°v (i) Xs‚ So®nMv am\z-¬ (ii) Ipń-I-fpsS t\m´p-]p-kvXIw F∂nh B[m-c-

am°mhp-∂-Xm-Wv.

(1) So®nMv am\z-ense hni-Zmw-i-ßƒ

]T-\{]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ kq£va-X-e-Øn¬ Bkq-{XWw sNøp-∂-Xn\pw \nc-¥c

hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ imkv{Xo-b-am-°p-∂-Xn-\pambn So®nMv am\z-¬ Xbm-dm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

So®nwKv am\z-ep-I-fn¬ Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ LS-I-ßƒ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

(i) ]T-\-t\-´-ßƒ

(ii) Bibßƒ/[mc-W-Iƒ

(iii) tijn-Iƒ

(iv) aqey-ßƒ/at\m-`m-h-ßƒ

(v) ]T\kma-{Kn-Iƒ

(vi) {]Xo-£n-°p∂ Dev]-∂-ßƒ

(vii) kabw

(viii){]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw hne-bn-cp-Øepw AS-ßnb {]{Inbmt]Ppw hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

hnh-c-ßƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ t]Ppw.

(ix) hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ t]Pnse hnh-c-ßƒ ASn-ÿm\-am-°n-bp≈ dn vfIvj≥ Ipdn-

∏p-Iƒ.

am\z-en¬ A\p-cq-]o-I-cWw Dƒt®¿Øp-sIm-≠p≈ ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS Bkq-

ebmfwF´mwXcw

40

{XWw, hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ kμ¿ -ßƒ, X{¥-ßƒ, Sqfp-Iƒ F∂nh D≠m-I-Ww.

(2) hnj-b-_-‘n-X-amb t\m´v_p°v kw_-‘n® hni-Zmw-i-ßƒ

ssh⁄m-\nI taJ-e-bpsS hne-bn-cp-Ø-en\v ASn-ÿm-\am-t°≠ {][m-\-tc-J-

bmWv ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ t\m v_p°v. ]T-\-{]-{In-b-Iƒ°-\p-k-cn®v hnhn[ {]h¿Ø-\-

ßƒ ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-∂-Xn\v t\m´p-_p°v klm-b-I-cam-Wv. ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ k¿Km-fl-

I-X, Nn¥m {]{In-b-Iƒ, `mjm ss\]pWn F∂nh t\m v _p°n¬ {]Xn- -en-°pw.

]mT-`mKw hn\n-abw sNøp-∂-Xn\v kzoI-cn-°p∂ hnhn[ X{¥-ßƒ, Ah-bpsS

]q¿Øo-I-c-W-Øn\v ]Tn-Xmhv \S-Øp∂ aps∂m-cp-°-ßƒ, {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS hnhn[

L -ß-fnse CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ XpSßn F√m hnh-c-ßfpw t\m v_p°n¬ D≠m-I-Ww.

{]h¿Ø-\-Øn-eqsS cq]-s∏´ Dev]-∂-ßƒ kw_-‘n® hni-Zmw-i-ßƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-

tØ-≠Xpw t\m v_p°n¬ Xs∂-bm-Wv.ssh⁄m-\nItaJ-e-bpsS hne-bn-cp-Ø-en\v

ASn-ÿm-\am-t°≠ {][m-\ -tc-J-bmWv ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ t\m´v_p°v. ]T-\-{]-{In-b-

Iƒ°-\p-k-cn®v hnhn[ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-∂-Xn\v t\m v-_p°v klm-b-

I-am-Wv. ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ k¿Km-fl-I-X, Nn¥m{]{In-b-Iƒ, `mjmss\]pWn F∂nh

t\m v_p°n¬ {]Xn- -en-°pw. ]mT- mKw hn\n-abw sNøp-∂-Xn\v kzoI-cn-°p∂ hnhn[

X{¥-ßƒ, Ah-bpsS ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-Øn\v ]Tn-Xmhv \S-Øp∂ aps∂m-cp-°-ßƒ,

{]h¿Ø\ßfpsS hnhn[ L -ß-fnse CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ XpSßn F√m hnh-c-ßfpw

t\m v_p°n¬ D≠m-I-Ww. {]h¿Ø-\-Øn-eqsS cq]-s∏´ Dev]-∂-ßƒ kw_-‘n®

hni-Zmw-i-ßƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠Xpw t\m v_p°n¬ Xs∂-bm-Wv.

ka-b-_-‘n-X-ambn t\ -ßƒ hne-bn-cpØn ]T-\-]p-tcm-K-Xn°v Bh-iy-amb \n¿tZ-

i-ßfpw ssIØm-ßpw A[ym-]nI \¬I-Ww. bqWn‰v Ah-km-\n-°p-tºmƒ B

bqWn‰nse ]T-\-t\ -ßƒ ]Tn-Xmhv t\Sn-bn- pt≠m F∂v hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈

Hcp tcJ-bmbn t\m v-_p-°p-Iƒ ]cn-W-an-°-Ww.

Bi-b-hy-‡-X-bp-≈Xpw kμ¿ -ßƒ°pw Bi-b-ßƒ°pw tbm-Py-amb ]cm-a¿i-

ßƒ D≈Xpw kz¥w Nn¥-Iƒ kzmwio-I-cn-°p-∂-Xpw {]Xn- -en-∏n-°p-∂XpamhWw

t\m v_p-°v. Imcy-ßƒ X∑-b-Xz-tØmsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°-Ww. t\m v_p°n\v ka-

{K-Xbpw XpS¿®bpw D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.

t]m¿´vt^mfntbm hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn-eqsS IS∂pt]mIptºmƒ cq]-s∏-Sp∂ F√m Dev]-∂-ßfpw

t]m¿ vt^mfn-tbm-bn¬ Dƒs∏-SpØn hne-bn-cp-Ø-Ww. ]T-\sØ kw_-‘n®v Ipń-

°pw c£n-Xm-hn\pw A[ym-]n-Ibv°pw ôUv_m°v \¬IpI F∂ [¿a-amWv

t]m¿ vt^mfntbm \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xv. CXv ]T-\sØ Xzcn-X-s∏-Sp-Øpw..

t]m¿´vt^m-fn-tbm-bn¬

$ t\m´v_p°v

$ a‰p cN-\Iƒ (hy‡n-K-X-c-N-\, sa®-s∏-Sp-Ønb cN-\)

$ a‰v ]T-\-sØ-fn-hp-Iƒ (Nn{X-ßƒ, tiJ-c-ßƒ, ]T-t\m-]-I-c-W-ßƒ)

$ ]T-\-sØ-fn-hpIƒ hne-bn-cp-Øm≥ Ipń-Iƒ cq]-s∏-Sp-Ønb kqN-I-ßƒ

$ k¿Km-flIkrjvSn-Iƒ

$ h¿°vjo-‰p-Iƒ

XpS-ßn-bh Dƒs∏-Spw.

t]m¿ vt^mfntbm hne-bn-cp-Øen\v Xmsg sImSpØ kqN-I-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°mw.


41

$ Bibhy‡-X

$ [mc-W-I-fpsS kzmwio-I-cWw

$ A\p-tbm-Py-amb cq]-I¬∏\

$ ]q¿WX

$ X\na

ta¬ kqNn-∏n® LS-I-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ kqN-I-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v DXv]-

∂sØ (t]m¿´vt^m-fntbm) hne-bn-cp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. ]T\-{]-{In-b-bpsS `mK-ambn

cq]-s∏-Sp∂ D¬∏-∂-ßƒ AXmXp-k-a-bØv hne-bn-cpØn So®n-Mvam-\z-ens‚

{]XnIcW -t]-Pntem {]tXyI Ipdn-∏p-I-fmtbm tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-sh-bv°mw. tSan-sem-

cn-°¬ apgp-h≥ D¬∏-∂-ß-sfbpw ka-{K-am-bn- I≠psIm≠v kqN-I-Øn\v A\p-k-

cn®v kvtIm¿ \¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

]T\{]{In-b-bp-sSbpw t]m¿´vt^m-fn-tbm--bp-sSbpw t{KUv IW-°m-°p∂coXn

tSan--\¬ BbmWv t{KUv IW-°m-t°-≠-Xv. CXns‚ coXnimkv{Xw ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.

{]{In-b-bpsS hne-bn-cp-Ø¬, t]m¿ vt^mfntbm hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ F∂n-h-bnse Hmtcm kqN-

Ihpw ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-SpØn "G‰hpw sa®w/sa®-s∏- Xv/icm-icn/C\nbpw sa®-s∏-tS-≠Xv'' F∂v

td‰v sNbvXv bYm-{Iaw 4/3/2/1 F∂n-ßs\ kvtIm¿ IW-°m-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

5 kqN-I-ßfpw ]cnK-Wn-°p-tºmƒ, Hmtcm kqN-I-Øn\pw 4/3/2/1 F∂n-ßs\ kvtIm¿

kvtIm¿ t{KUv

15 - 20 A12 - 14 B9 - 11 C7 - 8 D7¬ Xmsg E

\¬In-bm¬ ]c-am-h[n 20 kvtIm¿ F∂v IW-°m-°mw.

t{KUnMv am\-Zfiw A\p-k-cn®v Xbm-dm-°nb ta¬sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ sdUn-sd-°-W¿ D]-

tbm-Kn®v kvtImdns\ t{KUm°n am‰mw.

Hcp tSanse {]{In-btbbpw t]m¿ vt^m-fntbm C\-ß-sfbpw ka-{K-ambn I≠p-sIm-≠p-thWw

Hmtcm kqN-I-Øn\pw kvtIm¿ \¬In t{KUn-te°v amt‰-≠-Xv.

bqWn‰vXe hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

Hcp bqWn-‰n¬ hnhn[ ]T-\-t\- -ßƒ°p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ ]c-kv]-c-_-‘-tØmsSbmWv

hn\y-kn-®n-cn-°p∂Xv. CXn\v Hcp ka-{K-kz- m-h-ap-≠v. Hcp bqWn-‰nse ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ ]T-\sØ

hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn-eqsS Cu ka-{KXm t_m[-sØ-bmWv (apgp-h≥ ]T-\--t\- -ß-sfbpw ]cn-K-

Wn®v) hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xv. hmNn-I-amb hne-bn-cp-Ø¬, Iznkv t{]m{Kmw, Hm∏¨_p°v hne-bn-

cp-Ø¬, tNmZy-ßƒ Xbm-dm-°epw DØ-c-kq-NnI Is≠-Ø-epw, ]pXnb cN-\-Iƒ hne-bn-cp-

Ø¬ XpS-ßn-bh bqWn‰v hne-bn-cp-Ø-en\v ]cn-K-Wn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. \n›nX bqWn-‰nse ]T-\-

t\- -ß-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ Ipń FhnsS \n¬°p∂p F∂v Xncn®dnbm≥ klm-b-I-amb td‰n-

MvkvsI-bn¬, sN°v enÃv XpS-ßn-b-hbpw D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. bqWn‰v hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ ]T-

ebmfwF´mwXcw

42

\-{]-h¿Ø-\--tØm-sSm∏w kzm`m-hn-I-ambn \S-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

bqWn‰v hne-bn-cp-Ø-en¬ kqN-I-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ kvtIm¿ \¬In t{KUv B°n

tSans‚ Ah-km-\-Øn¬ \n›nX t^m¿am-‰n¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. Hcp tSan¬ H∂n-e-[nIw bqWn‰v

hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ D≠mIpw F∂Xv sIm≠v bqWn‰v hne-bn-cp-Ø-ep-I-fpsS icm-icnbmWv tSans‚

HSp-hn¬ tN¿t°-≠-Xv. CXn-\p-]-tbm-Kn® Sqfns‚ kz`m-h-a-\p-k-cn-®p≈ kqN-I-ßƒ So®¿ Xbm-

dm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

Iem-]-T-\w, {]hr-Øn-]T\w, Btcm-Ky- Im-bnI hnZym- ymkw F∂o hnj-b-ßƒ°pw {]{In-

b, t]m¿ vt^mfntbm, bqWn‰v Xew F∂n-h-bn¬ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ \SØn t{KUv \¬tI-≠-Xp-

≠v.

CE t{KUv Is≠-Øp∂ coXn

Hmtcm hnj-b-Øn-t‚-bpw ]T\ {]{In-b, t]m¿´vt^m-fn-tbm, bqWn‰vXe hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

F∂nhbn¬ Hmtcm-∂n-s‚bpw t{KUv IW-°m-°n-b-Xn\v tijw A, B, C, D, E t{KUp-Iƒ°v

bYm-{Iaw 5/4/3/2/1 F∂n-ßs\ t]mbn‚ v \¬I-Ww. Cßs\ e`n-°p∂ BsI t{KUv

t]mbn‚ns‚ icm-icn IW-°m°n CE t{KUv Is≠Ømw.

DZmlc-W-ambn Hcp Ipń°v ae-bm-f-Øn\v ]T\ {]{In-b, t]m¿ vt^m-fn-tbm, bqWn-‰vXe

hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ F∂n-h-bpsS t{KUv bYm-{Iaw A, B, B BsW-∂n-cn-°-s´. F¶n¬ BsI e`n®

t{KUv t]mbn‚ v 5 + 4 + 4 = 13 BWv. icm-icn = 13 / 3 = 4.33 BWv. Bb-Xn-\m¬ Ipń-bpsS

t{KUv B BWv.

tSw hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ (TE)ss{]a-dn-X-e-Øn¬ `mjm-hn-j-b-ßƒ°v tSan¬ ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏´ bqWn-‰p-I-fnse ]T-\-t\- -

ßƒ Bkv]-Z-am°n hyh-lm-c-cq-]-ßƒ, mjm-h-kvXp-X-Iƒ, mjm-ti-jn-Iƒ F∂o taJ-e-Iƒ

]cn-K-Wn-®m-hWw tSw hne-bn-cp-Ø¬. D≈-S° taJ-e-Iƒ°pw, tijn-Iƒ°pw Du∂¬ \¬In-

s°m≠v sshhn-[y-ap≈ tNmZy-am-Xr-I-Iƒ Dƒs∏-Sp-Ømw. imkv{X-hn-j-b-ßƒ°v tSan¬ ]cn-K-

Wn-°-s∏-Sp∂ bqWn-‰p-I-fnse D≈-S° taJ-e-Isf ASn-ÿm-\-am°nbmWv tSw hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

\S-tØ-≠-Xv. ]T\t\ -ßƒ°v Du∂¬ sImSp-°p∂ Xc-Øn¬ Bi-b-ßfpw tijn-Ifpw hne-

bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn\v DX-Ip∂ tNmZy-ßƒ CXn-\mbn Xbm-dm-°mw.

Hmtcm bqWn‰v/Bi-b-ta-Jebv°pw hnhn[ Xe-Øn-ep≈ am\-kn-I-{]-{In-b-Iƒ°pw (Adnhv

kzmwio-I-cn-°¬/ [mc-W t\S¬, Bi-b-ßƒ/ [mc-W-Iƒ F∂n-h-bpsS {]tbmKw, A]-{K-

Y\hpw \nK-a-\-w cq-]o-I-cn°epw, hne-bn-cp-Ø¬, krjvSn-]-cX XpS-ßnb am\-kn-I-{]-{InbIƒ)

icn-bmb shbn-t‰Pv \¬In-s°m≠v _vfq{]n‚ v Xbm-dm°n sshhn-[y-am¿∂ tNmZy-ßƒ Dƒs∏-

ń- p-s≠∂v Dd∏p hcpØn thWw tNmZy-t]-∏¿ Xbm-dm-t°-≠-Xv. tNmZy-ßƒ°-\p-tbm-Py-amb

kqN-I-ßƒ hnI-kn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Ah ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n- hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ \n¿h-ln-°pIbpw thWw.

Hmtcm tNmZy-Øn\pw th≠n Xøm-dm-°n-bn- p≈ kqN-I-ßsf ASnÿm\-s∏-SpØn kvtImdp-Iƒ

\¬Ip-I-I-bpw, ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ Hmh-tdmƒ t{KUv Is≠-Øp-Ibpw thWw.

Iem-]-T-\w, {]hr-Øn-]T\w, Btcm-KyImbnI -hn-Zym- ymkw F∂o hnj-b-ßsf kw_-‘n®v

sS¿an\¬ hne--bn-cp-Ø¬ {]I-S-\-hn-e-bn-cp-Øem-bmWv (Performance Assessment) \n¿h-ln-

°p-∂-Xv. AXn-\p≈ amXr-I-Iƒ AXXp hnj-b-ß-fpsS lm‚ v_p-°n¬ \¬In-bn- p-≠v. Iem-]-

T-\w, {]hr-Øn-]T\w, Btcm-Ky-Im-bnI hnZym- ymkw F∂o hnj-b-ßƒ°pw Cu coXn-bn¬

t{KUv \¬tI-≠-Xp-≠v.


43

ssh⁄m-\nI taJ-e-bnse hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ ˛ sS¿an-\¬ t{ImUo-I-cWw:

5 apX¬ 8 hsc ¢mkp-I-fn¬ Hmtcm hnj-b-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn kn.C hne-bn-cp-Ø¬,

Fkv.C hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ F∂nh {]tXy-I-ambn I≠v sS¿an-\-embn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. CXn-\mbn

F2 t^m¿am‰v D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. F2 t^m¿am‰v A\p-_-‘-ambn \¬In-bn- p-≠v. kn.C.,

Fkv. C F∂nh t{KUp-I-fmbmWv tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xv.

kmaq-lnI sshIm-cnI taJ-e-bnse hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

ssh⁄m-\nI taJ-esbt∏mse Xs∂ {][m-\-amWv kmaq-lnI -ssh-Im-cnI taJ-e-bnsebpw

hne-bn-cp-Ø¬. Learning to know, Learning to do, Learning to live together, Learning to beF∂nh-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ss\]p-Wn-I-fmWv ChnsS ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xv. kmaq-lnI sshIm-

cnI taJ-e-bnse hne-bn-cp-Ø-ep-ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn NphsS sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ ss\]p-Wn-

Iƒ hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-tS-≠-XmWv.

1 Bibhn\n-abtijn (Communication skills)2 hy‡y¥c ss\]pWn (Interpersonal skills)3 kl- mhw (Empathy)4 hnIm-c-ß-fp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-s∏-S¬ (Coping with emotions)5 am\-knIkΩ¿±-ß-fp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-s∏-S¬ (Coping with Stress)6 {]iv\-]-cn-l-cWtijn (Problem solving skills)7 Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°¬ (Decision making)8 hna¿i-\m-flINn¥ (Critical thinking)9 k¿Km-flItijn (Creative thinking skills)10 kzbw Adn-b¬ (Self-management)ssh⁄m-\n-I-ta-J-e-bn¬ hnhn[ hnj-b-ßƒ ssIImcyw sNøp∂ A[ym-]-I¿ Xs∂

Ch-bpsS hne-bn-cp-Øepw \n¿h-ln-°-Ww. AXmXv hnj-b-ß-fpsS {]{Inb hne-bn-cp-Ø-ens‚

`mK-ambn Cu hne-bn-cp-Øepw \n¿h-ln-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. ChnsS {]{In-bm-tijn hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-

tXm-sSm∏w aqey-ßƒ/ at\m- m-h-ßƒ F∂nh cq]-s∏-Sp-∂-Xpambn _‘-s∏´ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬IqSn

\S-°-Ww.

kmaq-lnI sshIm-cnI taJe-bnse ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ anI-hns\ kw_-‘n-°p∂ KpW]-c-amb

C\-ßƒ Is≠Øn tcJ-s∏-Sp-ØpIbmWv th-≠-Xv. Hmtcm ]Tn-Xm-hn-s‚bpw KpW]c-amb ss\]p-

Wn-Iƒ t{]m’m-ln∏n°s∏-tS-≠Xp≠v.

hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ hm¿jnI t{ImUo-I-cWw

5 apX¬ 8 hsc-bp≈ ¢mkp-I-fn¬ AXmXv hnjbw ssIImcyw sNøp∂ A[ym-]-I¿

\¬Ip∂ hnj-b-Øns‚ kn.C., Fkv.C t{KUp-Iƒ (F2 t^m¿am-‰n¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv) hm¿jn-

I-ambn t{ImUo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v t^m¿am‰v F4 D]-tbm-Kn-°mw. CXn¬ Hmtcm Ipń-bp-sSbpw hnj-

-b-_-‘n-X-amb kn.C., Fkv.C t{KUp-Iƒ tS¿an-\¬ Bbn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≠m-Ipw. (F4ImWp-

I). tSan-\¬ Bbn e`n-°p∂ kn.C t{KUp-Iƒ ]cn-K-Wn-°p-tºmƒ 3 tSan-ep-ambn Ipń°v

e`n® G‰hpw anI® t{KUv BWv kn.C bpsS hm¿jn-I-am-bp≈ Hmh-dmƒ t{KUv. CXv F4

t^m¿am-‰n¬ {]tXy-I-ambn he-bn-Øn-em°n Hmh-dmƒ kn.C t{KUv Fs¥∂v kqNn-∏n-°m--hp-∂-

Xm-Wv.

Fkv.C t{KUp-Iƒ ]cn-K-Wn-°p-tºmƒ aq∂mw tSan¬ Ipń°v e`n® t{KUmWv Fkv.C

t{KUmbn ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xv.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

44

kmaq-lnI sshIm-cnI taJ-e-bnse ss\]p-Wn-I-fn¬ Hmtcm ]Tn-Xm-hns\ kw_-‘n®pw

anI-®-h AXn-\mbp≈ tImf-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠XmWv. anIhv Xosc {]Z¿in-∏n-°mØ ss\]p-

Wn-Iƒ "anIhv ssIh-cn-®n- n√' F∂ coXn-bn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xn-√.

C{]-Imcw ssh⁄m-\nI Xe-Øn-sebpw kmaq-ln-I-ssh-Im-cnI Xe-Øn-sebpw ]Tn-Xm-hns‚

anI-hp-Iƒ hne-bn-cpØn ]T-\-t\- -ßƒ Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v km[n-

°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Cu hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ \nc-¥-c-ambpw ka-{K-X-tbm-sSbpw \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-

bp≈ Iq´mb {ia-ßƒ AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv. Ah km[y-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ¢Ã¿Xe IqSn-

t®-cep-I-fn-eqsS hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ IqSp-X¬ kºp-jvS-am-°m≥ km[n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ H‰-t\m- -Øn¬....

\nc-¥c hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

$ ]T\{]{In-bmhne-bn-cp-Ø¬

$ t]m¿´vt^m-fntbmhne-bn-cp-Ø¬

$ bqWn-‰vXehne-bn-cp-Ø¬

tSw hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

$ Bi-b-ßƒ,{]{In-b-IƒapX-em-b-h.

1 Bibhn\n-abtijn(Communication skills)

2 hy‡y-¥c ss\]pWn(Interpersonal skills)

3 kl- mhw (Empathy)4 hnIm-c-ß-fp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-

s∏-S¬(Coping with emotions)

5 am\-knIkΩ¿±-ß-fp-ambns]mcp-Ø-s∏-S¬(Coping with Stress)

6 {]iv\-]-cn-l-cW tijn(Problem solving skills)

7 Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°¬(Decision making)

8 hna¿i-\m-flINn¥ (Criticalthinking)

9 k¿Km-flI tijn(Creative thinking skills)

10 kzbw Adn-b¬(Self-management)

ssh⁄m-\n-I-ta-Je kmaq-lnI sshIm-cnI taJe

hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

kao-]\w : ]T-\-t\- -ßƒ°v Du∂¬ \¬Ip∂ kao-]\w

\nc-¥-chpw ka-{K-hp-amb hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ (CCE)


45A

\p-_

‘w

ebmfwF´mwXcw

46

2) CE, TE F∂nh Hmtcm tSanepw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ hnj-b-_-‘nX

t{ImUo-I-cW t^m¿am‰v ( F2) - ¢mkv 5 apX¬ 8 hsctSw : 1/2/3

hnjbw : ..................................................... ¢mkv ........................................Unhn-j≥

...............................

F2

\º¿ hnZym¿∞n-bpsS t]cv CE C\-ßƒ

{]{I

nb

t]m¿

vt^

mfntb

m

bqW

n‰vh

ne-

bnc

pØ¬

BsI

CE

t{KU

v

TEt{KU

v

dnam

¿I

vkv


47

ebmfwF´mwXcw

48


49

Bihn-\n-a-tbm-]m[n F∂-Xn-\-∏pdw `mj Hcp P\-X-bpsS kzXz-t_m-[-hpwkwkvIm-c-hpw {]Xn- -en-∏n-°p-∂p. kmaq-lnIPohn-X-Øn¬ {Inbm-fl-I-ambn CS-s]-Sp-∂-Xn\pw temI-Øns‚ KXn-hn-K-Xn-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn\pw a\p-jys\ {]m]vX-\m-°p-∂Xv `mj-bm-Wv. hn⁄m-\-kzo-I-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw hn\n-a-b-Øn-s‚bpwam[yaamW-Xv. a\p-jy-hw-i-Øn\p am{X-ap≈ Aaq-ey-kzØmb mj-bpsS kzmwio-I-cWw Hmtcm hy‡nbnepw P\\w apX¬ Bcw- n-°p-∂p. Pohn-X-]-cn-k-c-ß-fn¬\n∂v -B¿Pn-°p∂ Bi-b-ß-sfbpw mh-ß-sfbpw Icp-tØm-sSbpw Bfl-hn-izm-k-tØm-sSbpw kμ¿t`m-Nn-X-ambn hn\n-abw sNøm≥ Ign-tb-≠-Xp-≠v. kzm`m-hnIkml-N-cy-ß-fn¬\n∂v B¿Pn-°p∂ mjm-ti-jn-Isf \n›n-X-X-e-ßn¬ Nn -s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv hnZym-eßfn¬ \S-°p∂ Hu]-Nm-cnI ]T-\-Øn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. mjm-]-T\wCXn-\v- A-\p-Iq-e-amb coXn-bn-emWv {Iao-I-cn-t°-≠-Xv.

kwÿm-\Øv \S∂ ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-]-cn-jvI-cWßfpsS e-ambn mjm-]m-T-]p-kvX-I-ßƒ, ]T-\-co-Xn, aqey-\n¿Wbw F∂n-h-bn¬ KpW-I-c-amb \nc-h[n am‰-ßƒ h∂n- p-≠v. Bi-b-ß-fn¬\n∂p mj-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-L-S-I-ß-fmb A£cw,]Zw, hmIyw F∂n-h-bn-te°v t]mIp∂ kao-]\w `mjm-¢m-kp-Isf k¿Km-fl-Ihpw Pohn-X-K-‘n-bp-am-°n-Øo¿Øp. ka-{Khpw b-Ym¿Yhpw Pohn-XØn\v D]-bp-‡-hp-amb kμ¿ -ß-fn-eq-∂nbp≈ mjm-]-T-\-co-XnbmWv CXns‚ mK-ambn \S-∏n-em-°m≥ {ian-®-Xv. kzX-{¥-hm-b-\, A¿tYm-¬∏m-Z-\w, kzX-{¥m-hn-jvImcw F∂n-hbv°v {]m[m\yw \¬Ip∂XmWv Cu coXn. Ch-bpsS F√m km[y-X-Ifpw {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-ØpIbpw hmb-\-bn-sebpw Fgp-Øn-sebpw IrXyXbpw kq£va-XbpwDd-∏m-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ -k-ao-]\amWv ]mTy-]-≤Xn hn`m-h\w sNøp-∂-Xv.

Ipń-bpsS `mjm-hn-Im-kw ssh⁄m-\n-I-hn-Im-khpambpw Nn¥m-ti-jn-bpsShf¿®bpambpw _‘-s∏- XmWv. Duln-°p-I, mh-\-bn¬ ImWp-I, {]h-Nn-°p-I,hnh-cn-°p-I, h¿Wn-°pI F∂n-ßs\ ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ Nn¥m-tijn NSp-e-ambpw k¿Km-fl-I-am-bpw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\v Ah-kcw e`n-°p∂ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°m≥ Ipń-Iƒ°v km[n-°Ww. CXn-\m-h-iy-amb {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ k¿Km-fl-I-ambn Bhn-jv°-cn-°m-\p≈ kzmX{¥yw A[ym-]n-Ibv°v D≠m-bn-cn-°pw.

a‰p-≈-h¿°v a\- n-emhpwhn[w ip≤hpw kv]jvS-hp-ambn {imhy-hm-b\ \S-Ø¬.

tI´pa\- n-em-°¬ hmbn®v Bibw {Kln-°¬. Bkz-Zn-°¬ Bi-b-{]-Im-i\w e-{]-Z-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ cN-\m-X-{¥-ßƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-

S¬. cN-\-I-fpsS A¿Y-X-e-ßƒ hymJym-\n-°¬. Bi-b-ßfpw A\p- -h-ßfpw hnhn[ am[y-a-ß-fn¬ Bhn-jvI-cn-°¬. k¿Km-flIcN\

3`mjm-]-T-\-Øn-te°v

ebmfwF´mwXcw

50

]Zm-hen hnI-kn-∏n-°¬ A£-c-t_m[w kmln-Xy-cq-]-ß-sfbpw Iem-cq-]-ß-sfbpw hne-bn-cp-Ø¬. sF.Sn. AS-°-ap≈ km[y-X-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v hnh-c-ti-J-cWw \S-Ø¬.

`mjm-]-T-\-Øn-eqsS Cu taJ-e-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ]T-\-t\- -ßƒ D≠m-°m≥Ipń-Iƒ°v Ign-tb-≠-Xp-≠v.

`mjm-]-T\w ss{]a-dn- ¢m-kp-I-fn¬

`mj-bpsS kuμ-cyhpw HmP pw Xncn-®-dn-™v kzX-{¥-amb Bhn-jvIm-c-ßƒ°vAh-k-c-sam-cp-°p∂ mjm-]-T-\m-¥-co£amWv ss{]a-dn- ¢m-kp-I-fn¬ D≠m-tI-≠-Xv. h¿Ø-am\]{X-ßƒ apX¬ sshhn-[y-am¿∂ kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-Iƒ hscbp≈ e`y-am-Ip∂ A®-Sn-km-a-{Kn-Iƒ sIm≠v kº-∂-amb A¥-co£w (Print rich environ-ment) kvIqfn-ep-≠m-h-Ww. efn-X-amb `mjm-hy-h-lm-c-cq-]-ßfpw IY-Iƒ, Ihn-X-Iƒ, D]-\ym-k-ßƒ apX-emb kmln-Xy-cq-]-ßfpw Cu L -Øn¬ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Ibpwk¿Km-fl-I-c-N-\-Iƒ \S-Øp-Ibpw thWw. A£-c-ßƒ, Nn”-ßƒ, ]Z-ßƒ, {]tbm-K-ßƒ, ssien-Iƒ apX-em-bh Bh-iym-\p-k-cWw IrXy-X-tbmSpw kq£va-X-tbmSpwD-]-tbm-Kn-°m-\p≈ tijn-Ifpw ss\]p-Wn-Ifpw Cu L -Øn¬ hnI-kn-®p-h-c-Ww.

sk°‚-dn-Xew

kmam-\yhpw khntijhp-amb Pohn-X-k-μ¿ -ß-fn¬ e-{]-Z-ambn mj {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw hyXykvX kmln-Xy-im-J-I-fnse anI® cN-\-Iƒ Bkz-Zn-°p-∂-Xn\pw hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn-\pw kmln-Xy-N-cn-{X-t_m[w B¿Pn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈Ah-kcsamcp-°p-∂-Xm-hWw Cu L´Ønse `mjm-]-T-\w. kmwkvIm-cn-I-ssh-hn-[y-ßƒ Xncn-®-dn-bm\pw Bi-b-ßfpw A\p- q-Xn-Ifpw {]-I-Sn-∏n-°m≥ ]cym-]vX-ambk¿Km-flI cN-\-Iƒ \S-Øm\pw Ah-kcw e`n-°-Ww. B[n-Im-cn-Iamb t{kmX- p-I-fn¬ \n∂v hnh-c-ti-J-cWw \S-Øm\pw hne-bn-cp-Øm\p-ap≈ mjm-{]m-hoWywsk°‚-dn-L- -Øn¬ cq]-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. Zriy-am-[y-a-ß-fpsS km[y-X-Ifpw{]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ømw.

`mjm-]-T-\-{]-{Inb

IY-]-d-b¬, Imhym-em-]-\w, A`n-\bw F∂n-hbv°v Ah-k-c-ap-≈Xv. N¿®-Iƒ, kwhm-Z-ßƒ F∂nh \S-°p-∂Xv. hnh-c-ti-J-c-W-Øn\pw Bkzm-Z-\-Øn-\p-ambn hmb-\-bn¬ G¿s∏-Sm≥ kuI-

cy-ap-≈Xv. ]Z-ß-fp-sSbpw {]tbm-K-ß-fp-sSbpw s]mcpƒ Duln®p Is≠-Øm\pw \nL-

≠p- t\m°n A¿Yw Dd∏phcp-Øm\pw Ign-bp-∂-Xv. eLp-\m-S-I-ßƒ Fgp-Xm\pw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m\pw Ah-k-c-ap-≈Xv. sshhn-[y-am¿∂ cN-\-Iƒ \S-Øm\pw FUn‰v sNbvXv amK-kn-\p-Iƒ, Nph¿]-

{Xn-I-Iƒ F∂nh {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°m\pw Ign-bp-∂-Xv. s]mXp-{]-k-‡n-bp≈ Imcy-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw Iem-km-ln-XymZn hnj-b-ß-sf-

°p-dn-®p-ap≈ mj-W-ßƒ tI v Bibw {Kln-°m≥ Ah-k-c-ap-≈-Xv.

FUn-‰nMv

Ipń-Iƒ Xbm-dm-°p∂ mjm-cq-]-ßƒ ]e-Xc-Øn-ep-≈ sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ°v


51

km[y-X-bp-≈-Xm-Wv. CXns\ hne-bn-cpØn sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-eqsS am{Xta Ipń-I-fpsS cN-\m-tijn hnI-kn-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈q. FUn-‰nMv \S-Øp-tºmƒ Bi-b-Xew, mjm-Xew (hmIyw, ]Zw, A£-cw), hyh-lm-c-cq-]-Xew F∂nh ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. cN-\-Iƒ ka-{K-ambn ]cn-KWn®p-sIm-≠p≈ FUn-‰n-ßmWv IqSp-X¬ê-{]-Z-am-Ip-∂-Xv.

cN-\-Iƒ sa®-s∏-Sp-Øm\p≈ {]{Inb Xmsg∏dbpw {]Imcw

{Iao-I-cn-°mw :

hy‡nK-XcN\ Ah-X-cWw {Kq∏n¬ Ah-X-cWw˛kq-N-I-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]c-kv]-c-hn-

e-bn-cp-Ø¬ {Kq∏vN¿® s]mXp-A-h-X-cWw CX-c- c-N-\-Iƒ, So®¿th¿j≥ F∂n-h-bp-ambn Xmc-Xayw. GsX-¶n-ep-samcp {Kq∏ns‚ cN-\bpsS FUn‰nMv F√m-h-cp-sSbpw ]¶m-

fn-Ø-tØmsS. CX-c- {Kq-∏p-I-fp-tSXv {Kq∏n¬ FUn‰v sNøp∂p. {]{In-b-bn¬ \n∂p cq]-s∏´ [mc-W-I-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ F√m-hcpw

sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. cN\ t]m¿ vt^mfn-tbm-bn-te°v.

amXr- m-jbpw a‰p- m-j-Ifpw

tIc-f-Øn¬ kvIqƒ hnZym- ymkw t\Sp∂ Ipń°v {Xn`m-jm-]-≤-Xn-b-\p-k-cn®vamXr- m-jtbmsSm∏w Cw•o-jv, lnμn F∂nhbpw ]Tn-°m≥ Ah-kcw e`n-°p-∂p.IqSmsX Xm¬]-cy-ap≈h¿°v hnhn[ C¥y≥`m-j-Ifpw hntZ-i- m-j-Ifpw ]Tn-°m-\p≈ Ah-k-chpw kvIqƒ hnZym- ym-k-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≠v. H∂n-e-[nIw mj-Iƒ kzmb-Ø-am-°m≥ Ipń-Iƒ°v P∑-kn-≤-amb Ign-hp≠v F∂v B[p-\n-I- m-jm-im-kv{X-⁄-¿ ka¿Yn°p∂p. hnhn-[ - m-j-Iƒ B¿Pn°p-∂-Xn-eqsS hyXykvXkwkvIm-c-ß-fp-ambn CS-]-g-Im≥ hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v Ah-kcw e`n-°p∂p.

t_m[-\-am-[yaw

t_m[-\-am-[yaw amXr- m-j-bm-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂v B[p-\n-I- hn-Zym- ymkNn¥-Icpwa\-»mkv{X-⁄cpw s]mXp-hn¬ AwKo-I-cn-®n- p≠v. amXr- m-j-bn-eq-sS-b-√mØ hnZym-`ymkw Ipń-I-fpsS -Nn-¥m-ti-jnsbbpw ssh⁄m-\n-I-hn-Im-k-sØbpw ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. ]ptcm-K-Xn-bn¬ G‰hpw ap∂n¬ \n¬°p∂ temI-cm-Py-ßsf ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬, Ahn-S-ß-fnse D∂-X-hn-Zym- ymkhpw c-Whpw amXr- m-j-bn-em-sW∂p a-\ n-em-°m≥ Ign-bpw. amXr- m-j-bn-eqsS Bibw kzoI-cn-°p-tºmƒ Ipń°v B hnj-b-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ anIhv ]pe¿Øm≥ Ign-bpw F∂p imkv{Xo-b-ambn sXfn-bn-°-s∏ń´p-≠v.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

52

`mj-bpsS {]tbm-K-hy-h-ÿ-bmWv hymI-c-Ww. kwkm-c-n°p-∂Xv a‰p-≈-h¿°v a\- n-em-Ip-∂XvCcp-Iq- cpw AwKo-I-cn-°p∂ {]tbm-K-hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ mj-bn-ep-≈-Xp-sIm-≠mWv. mjm-]-T\w Bcw-`n-°p-tºmƒ Xs∂ {]tbm-K-hy-h-ÿbpw Dƒs°m≈m≥ Ign-bWw. AXm-bXv H∂mw Xc-Øn¬Øs∂ hymI-c-W-]-T\w Bcw- n-°p-∂p.

H∂mw-Xcw

D®m-c-W-ip-≤nbpw Nn”-hy-h-ÿ-bp-amWv H∂mw Xc-Ønse {][m-\-s∏´ hymI-cWhyh-ÿ-Iƒ. ""Imbn-°m-Km-bn-°mMm'' F∂ a n¬ CuW-Ønepw XmfØnepw A£-c-ame ]mSn Dd-∏n-°p∂ k{º-Zmbw XnI®pw Aim-kv{Xo-b-am-Wv. AXp t\¿h-gn°p sIm≠p-h-cm-\mWv Bcw- -Z-i-bn¬ Xs∂ {]tXyIw {i≤n-t°-≠-Xv.

Hmtcm A£-c-Øn-s‚bpw D®m-c-W-ÿm-\w, bXv\w. \mhns‚ Ne-\w, kv]¿i-Øns‚ G‰-°p-d-®n¬, izmkn \mZn-t`Zw apX-em-bh \n›-b-ambpw A[ym-]-I¿ Adn-™n-cn-°-Ww. AXn-Jcw izmkn-bm-sW∂pw tLmjw \mZn-bm-sW∂pw Xncn-®-dn-bp∂ hy‡n°v Ah-bpsS D®m-c-W-t`Zw A\m-bmkw Ipń-Isf [cn-∏n-°m≥ Ignbpw. Dujvam-°ƒ°v ]IpXn kv]¿ita D≈q-sh∂pw Hmtcm-∂n-s‚bpw D®m-c-W-Øn¬ \mhns‚ Ne\w hyXy-kvX-am-sW∂pw Xncn-®-dn-™m¬i j k F∂n-h-bpsS D®m-c-W-t`Zw \njv{]-bmkw Ip n-Isf [cn-∏n-°mw.

Nn”-hy-h-ÿ-bn¬ {i≤n-t°≠ Nne Imcy-ß-fp-≠v. ae-bm-f-Ønse A£-c-ßƒ s]mXpsh{]Z-£n-W-co-Xn-bn¬ hnc-ep-Iƒ CS-Øp-\n∂p he-tØm v Xncn®v Fgp-tX-≠-h-bmWv. CXmWvs]mXpsh Fgp-Øns‚ coXn. Cw•o-jn¬ t\sc-a-dn-®mWv. \ΩpsS Nn”-hy-h-ÿ-bn¬ NneA]m-I-ßƒ IS-∂p-Iq-Sn-bXv Cw•o-jns‚ kzm[o\w sIm≠mWv. A\p-kzmcw, S h¿K-ØnseAXn-J-cw, sI p-]p-≈n, hyRvP-\-ß-tfmSp tNcp∂ DIm-c-tc- -Nn-”-ßƒ F∂n-h-bnemWv A{]-Z-£nW coXn h∂p t]mbXv. AXp Xncp-Ø-s∏-tS-≠-XmWv. K,Y,-[,-e,-i,g F∂nh apI-fn¬\n∂v Fgp-Xn-Øp-S-ßp-∂-Xn-\m¬ {]Z-£n-W-coXn ]‰n-√. AXp-sIm≠v Ah-bpsS A{]-Z-£n-W-coXn A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-Wv.

sI´p-]p≈n Xmsg-\n∂v apI-fn-te-°mWv Fgp-Xn-Øp-S-tß-≠Xv F∂ hkvXpX ]e¿°pwAdn-™p-Iq-Sm. \qdp-\q-‰-ºXp sIm√w apºv hsc Cß-s\-sbmcp Nn”w D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.kwkvIrXØn¬ \nImc HIm-c-ßƒ°v {lkz-Zo¿L-t`Zw C√m-ØXp-sIm≠v ae-bm-f-ØnepwAXp- th-s≠∂p h®-Xm-Imw. kwkvIrX ]fin-X-∑m-cm-Wt√m ae-bm-f-Ønse {]tbm-K-hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ \n›-bn-°p-∂-Xv. sI p, sIm´ F∂n-ßs\ Fgp-Xn-bm¬ kμ¿ -a-\p-k-cn®v tI p, tIm´F∂p a\- n-em-°-Ww. Cu Aku-Icyw ]cn-l-cn-°m-\mWv A∂sØ Bfp-Iƒ ]p≈n-bpsSBZysØ sI p-t]mse H∂v Ah-km-\-Ønepw sImSp-°m≥ XpS-ßn-b-Xv. s ]n∂oSv {] p-Im-cmWv ssS∏v hm¿°p-tºmƒ kuI-cy-Øn\p th≠n AXp IpØs\ B°n-b-Xv. CXn¬\n∂v BNn”w Fgp-tX≠ coXn hy‡-amWt√m AXp-t]mse DIm-c-Nn-”hpw (p) tc -Nn”hpw (c){]Z-£n-W-co-Xn-bn-emWv Fgp-tX-≠-Xv.

H∂mw XcØn¬ Xs∂ Nne Iq -£-c-ß¬ Ip n ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm≥ CS-bp-≈-Xn-\m¬ {]tXy-In®v £, “, ”, bv° F∂n-hbv°v D®m-cW]c-amb Nne khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ D≈Xv A[ym-]-I¿Adn-™n-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. £ F∂ Iq -£-c-Øn¬ IIm-c-en]n Ds≠-¶nepw AXns‚ [z\nA¬∏wt]mep-an-√. km£n F∂ ]Zw kmIvjn F∂m-°n-bm¬ D®m-cWw sX‰n-t∏m-Ipw. Ac-tion F∂ Cw•ojv ]Zw ae-bm-f-en-]n-bn¬ BIvj≥ F∂p-Xs∂ Fgp-XWw. B£≥ F∂vFgp-Xn-bm¬ D®m-cWw icn-bm-hnn-√-t√m. F∂m¬ ae-bm-f-]-Z-ß-fn¬ £ F∂ Iq -£cw IvjF∂v th¿Xn-cn®v Fgp-Xn-°qSm. Cu khn-ti-jX a\- n-em-°n-b-Xp-sIm≠mWv ]≠v IpSn-∏-≈n-°q-S-ß-fn¬ A£-c-am-e-bpsS Ah-km\w £ IqSn tN¿Øn-cp-∂p-Xv.

hymI-cW-]-T\w


53

“, ” F∂o Iq -£-c-ßƒ lva, lv\ F∂p th¿Xn-cn-®m¬ D®m-c-W-coXn hyXy-kvX-am-Wv.{_“w, kmbm”w F∂o ]Z-ßƒ {_lvaw, kmbmlv\w F∂p th¿Xn-cn-®m¬ D®m-c-W-coXnamdpw. AXp-t]mse dlvam≥, dlv\ apX-emb ]Z-ßƒ d“m≥, d” F∂p tN¿sØ-gp-Xn-bm¬D®m-cWw sX‰pw.

bv° F∂ Iq -£cw F∂pw Fgp-Xm-hp-∂-XmWv. Fßs\ Fgp-Xn-bmepw D®m-cWw IvbF∂mWv. "ad-bv°p-I' F∂v Fgp-XnbXv D®-cn-°p-∂-Xv "ad-IypI' F∂mWv. Fgp-Xp-tºmƒ bImcwapºn¬ hcWw. "ad-IypI' F∂v Fgp-Xp-∂Xv sX‰m-Wv.

H∂mw Xc-Øn¬ C{Xbpw hymI-cWw aXn-sb∂p tXm∂p-∂p. CsX√mw Ip n-Isf ]Tn-∏n-°m≥ th≠n-b√ Fgp-Xn-b-Xv. A[ym-]-I¿°p-th-≠n-bm-Wv. A[ym-]-I-sc-bmWv Ip n-Iƒ amXr-I-bm-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v A[ym-]-I-cpsS D®m-c-W-Øn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw A]mIaps≠-¶n¬(D≠m-Im-Xn-cn--°s ) AXp ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw Nn”-hy-h-ÿ-bpsS Nne khnti-jXIƒ hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p-amWv C{Xbpw Ipdn®-Xv.

c≠mw-Xcw

c≠mw XcØn¬ CXns‚sb√mw Bh¿Ø\w A\n-hm-cy-amWv. IqSmsX ]mTy- m-K-ß-fn¬\ma-]-Z-ßfpw {Inbm-]-Z--ßfpw [mcmfw D≠m-bn-cn-°p-a-t√m. Ah Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn-\p≈ IgnhvhnI-kn-∏n-°p-I-bmWv BZy-ambn th≠-Xv. \maw, {Inb XpS-ßnb kmt¶-Xn-I-]-Z-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°-cp-Xv. Ipń-Iƒ°v hy‡-ambn Adn-bm-hp∂ GXm\pw \ma-]-Z-ßfpw {Inbm-]-Z-ßfpw CS-I-e¿Øn-s°mSpØv Ah hyXy-kvX- tIm-f-ß-fn¬ Fgp-Xm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Smw. Nne amXr-I-IƒA[ym-]-I≥ sNbvXp sImSp-°-Ww.

aq∂mw-Xcw

aq∂mw XcØn¬ BZy-ambnth≠Xv Ip n-I-fpsS ap∂-dnhv ]cn-tim-[n-°-em-Wv. AXn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw A]m-I-ap-≠-¶n¬ AXp ]cn-l-cn-®p-am-{Xta ]pXnb taJ-e-I-fn-te°p t]mIm-hq. ]n∂oSvhmIy-L-S-\-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-ß-fn-te°p IS-°mw. I¿Øm-hv, I¿Ωw, {Inb Ah-X-cn-∏n-°mw.aq∂p]Z-ßƒ am{X-ap≈ eLp-hm-Iy-ß-fmWv ]mT- m-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂p Xnc-s™-SpØv Ah-X-cn-∏n-t°-≠-Xv. I¿Øm-hv, I¿Ωw, {Inb aq∂v tImf-ß-fn-em°n GXm\pw amXr-I-Iƒ ImWn-®-Xn-\p-tijw GsX-¶nepw c≠p-tImfw ]qcn-∏n®v at‰ tImfw ]qcn-∏n-°m≥ Ip n-tbmSv Bhiy-s∏-Smw.aq∂p-ÿm-\hpw \√-t]mse Dd-∏n-®-Xn-\p-ti-jw GsX-¶nepw H∂n¬ am{Xw ]Zw sImSpØv a‰pc≠p-tIm-fhpw DNn-X-ambn ]qcn-∏n-°m≥ Ip n-tbmSv ]dbmw. Ahbv°v Hmtcm t]cpw IqSn In n-bm¬ sIm≈mw F∂ B{Klw P\n-°Ww. At∏mƒ am{Xta I¿Øm-hv, I¿Ωw, {Inb, F∂okmt¶-XnI ]Z-ßƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°mhq. a‰p kmt¶-XnI]Z-ß-fpsS Imcy-Ønepw Cu \bw ]n¥p-S-c-Ww. kmt¶-Xn-I-]Zw tIƒ°m≥ Xm¬∏-cy-an-s√-¶n¬ AXp X¬°mew sImSp-°-cp-Xv.

GI-h-N-\w, _lp-h-N-\w, ]p√nw-Kw, kv{XoenwKw F∂nh aq∂mw XcØn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°mw. ]mT- m-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈h DZm-l-c-W-ß-fn-eqsS Dd-∏n-°-Ww. BWpw s]Æpw A√m-ØXn\v F¥p ]dbpw F∂v GsX-¶nepw anSp-°ntbm anSp-°t\m tNmZn-®m¬ am{Xw \]pw-kIw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°mw.

{Inbm-]-Z-ßƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ Ip n-bpsS a\- n¬ Ime-t_m[w D≠m-bn-cn°pw AXvDZm-l-c-W-ßfn-eqsS hnI-kn-∏n-°-Ww. qXw, mhn, h¿Ø-am\w F∂o kmt¶-XnI ]Z-ßƒIp n-Iƒ°v thW-sa-¶n¬ am{Xw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°mw.

k¿h\m-a-ßfpw aq∂mw XcØn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n°mw. ]mTy- m-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂v DNn-X-amb {]tbm-K-ßƒ Is≠Øn \ma-]-Z-ß-fpsS Bh¿Ø-\-Øn-ep≈ A`wKn ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v k¿h-\m-a-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ coXn Ip n-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-Ww. Ahsc t{]m’m-ln-∏n-®m¬ aXn.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

54

\memw-Xcw

A[ym-]-I¿ BZy-ambn sNtø-≠Xv apºn-en-cn-°p∂ Ip n-Iƒ Fs¥ms° ]Tn-®n- p-s≠∂vDd-∏p-h-cp-Ø-em-Wv. \memw XcØnte°v FØp∂ Ip n eLp-hm-Iy-ßƒ cNn-°m-\p≈ Ignhvt\Sn-bn- p-≠v. I¿Øm-hv, I¿Ωw, {Inb Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p. \maw, k¿h\maw {Inb F∂o ]Z-hn- m-K-ßƒ Xncn-®-dn-bm\p≈ {]m]vXn t\Sn-bn- p≠v. enwK-hy-h-ÿ, hN-\-hy-h-ÿ, Ime-hy-hÿF∂n-h-sb-∏‰n Hcp kmam-\y-[m-c-W-bp-≠v. C{Xbpw Dd∏phcp-ØWw. Fs¥-¶nepw t]mcm-bva-I-fp-s≠-¶n¬ ]cn-l-cn-°-Ww. Cu ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ \n∂mWv \memw-¢m-knse hymI-c-W-]T\wBcw- n-°p-∂-Xv.

hmNIi_vZ-ß-fn¬ Ah-ti-jn-°p∂ t`Z-I-hn- mKw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°mw. ]mTy- m-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂v(apºv ]Tn-∏n-®n- p-≈-h-bn¬ \n∂pw BImw) efn-X-amb t`Z-I-i-_vZ-ßƒ Is≠-Ø-Ww. hen-b,sNdnb, Dds°, ]Xps° Cßs\ GXm\pw ]Z-ßƒ A[ym-]-Is‚ klm-b-tØmsS Is≠-Øn-°-gn-™m¬ Ipń-Iƒ D’m-l-]q¿hw B {]{Inb XpS¿∂p-sIm≈pw. Idp-Ø, shfp-Ø,\√, NoØ, XSn-®, saen™, sas√, thKw F∂nßs\ ]cn-Nn-X-]-Z-ßƒ Ip n-Iƒ°v Is≠Øm≥Ign-b-Ww. t\ctØ ]Tn® \maw, k¿h\m-aw, {Inb F∂n-h-bn¬\n∂p hyXy-kvX-amb ]Z-ßfmsW∂v [mcmfw {]tbm-K-ß-fn-eqsS t_m[y-s∏-S-Ww. CØcw ]Z-ßƒ°v F¥p t]cn-S-W-sa∂v Ip n-I-fp-ambn N¿®-sNbvXv hnti-jWw F∂ kmt¶-XnI]Zw AhXcn-∏n-°-Ww. (t`ZIwF∂ ]Zw th≠)

]pcpjk¿h\m-aßƒ \memw ¢mkn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°mw. kwkm-cn-°p-∂-h¿°p ]Icw \n¬°p-∂Xv DØ-c-]p-cpj k¿h\m-aw. tIƒ°p-∂-h¿°p ]Icw -\n¬°p-∂Xv a[ya ]pcp-j-k¿h\mawBsc-∏‰n As√-¶n¬ F¥ns\∏‰n ]d-bp-∂pthm, Ahbv°p ]Icw \n¬°p-∂Xv {]Ya]pcpjk¿h\maw ]mTy- m-K-ßfn¬ \n∂v [mcmfw DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ Nq≠n-°m n Dd-∏n-°-Ww. DØa]pcpj k¿h-\m-a-Øn\v Rßƒ, \Ωƒ, \mw F∂p aq∂p _lp-h-N-\-cq-]-ap-≈-Xns‚ A¿Yt`ZwAdn-™n-cn-°Ww (Cw•o-jnepw kwkvIr-X-Ønepw a‰pw Aßs\bn√-t√m.)

hn -‡n-hy-h-ÿ-bpsS {]mcw- -]m-T-ßfpw \memw ¢mkn¬ Bcw- n-°mw. ktN-X\ I¿Ω-ß-fn¬ "F' F∂p tN¿°p-∂Xv Ipń a\- n-em-°nbn- p-≠v. AXv- F-¥n-\p-th-≠n tN¿°p∂p?AXv tN¿Øn-s√-¶n¬ F¥p kw -hn°pw? "Ip n AΩ I≠p' F∂v aq∂v ]Z-ßƒ tN¿Øp-]-d-™m¬ Bibw hy‡-a-√. AXv Hcp hmIy-am-Ip-∂n-√. Bcv Bsc I≠p F∂p a\- n-emIp∂n-√. AXpsIm≠mWv "Ip n AΩsb I≠p' Ft∂m "AΩ Ip nsb I≠p Ft∂m' "F'F∂ A£cw tN¿Øp {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv. hmIy-Øn¬ \ma]Z-ßƒ {Inb-tbmSv Fßs\ _‘-s∏- n-cn-°p∂p F∂p ImWn-°m-\mWv Cßs\ Nne A£-c-ßƒ tN¿°p-∂-Xv. Ft∏mgpw "F'F∂ A£ca√ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv.

Xmsg sImSp-Ø ] n-I-bn¬ DNn-X-amb A£-c-ßƒ tN¿Øv hmIy-am-°p-I.

amXrI:

AΩ Ip nsb I≠p.

AΩ ............... kwkm-cn®p.

AΩ ............... Hcp ]pkvXIw sImSpØp.

ChnsS Ip n-tbmSv, Ip n°v F∂p ]qcn-∏n-°m≥ ]c-k-lmbw IqSmsX Ign-bp-∂p-s≠-¶n¬hn -‡n-hy-h-ÿ-sb-∏‰n Hcp kmam-\y-t_m[w hf¿∂p Ign™p F∂v Dd-∏n-°mw. F, HmSv, °vF∂n-hbv°v Hcp t]cp thWw F∂v Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p-s≠-¶n¬ "{]Xybw' F∂ kmt¶-Xn-I-]ZwAhXcn-∏n°mw.

hmIy-Ønse G‰hpw {][m-\-s∏´ ]Zw {Inb-bm-Wv. a‰p-]-Z-ß-sf√mw {]Xy-£-amtbm ]tcm-£-amtbm {Inb-tbmSp _‘-s∏- mWv \n¬°p-∂Xv. Cu _‘w hy‡-am-°m≥ \ma-tØmSp


55

{]Xy-b-ßƒ tN¿°p∂ coXn°v Hcp t]cp thW-sa-¶n¬ "hn ‡n' F∂p ]d-bmw.

{]tbm-Pn-I, kw_-‘n-I, B[m-cnI F∂o hn -‡n-Ifpw \n¿tZ-inI apX-emb kw⁄-Ifpw A©mw ¢mkn-te°p am‰mw.

A©mw-Xcw

hn`‡nkw⁄-Ifpw {]Xy-b-ßfpw Dd-∏n®p I-gn-™m¬ {Inb-bpsS hn`m-K-ß-fn-te°pIS°mw.

I¿Ømhv, I¿Ωw, {Inb t\ctØ ]Tn-®n- p-≠v. {Inb sNøp-∂Xv I¿Ømhpw {Inbbv°phnt[-b-am-Ip-∂Xv I¿Ω-hp-am-Wv. Ip n Dd-ßp∂p F∂ hmIy-Øntem Dd-ßp-∂Xv Ip n-bm-Wv.Dd-°-Øn\p hnt[-b-am-Ip∂tXm AXpw Ip n-X-s∂-b-t√? At∏mƒ B hmIy-Øn¬ I¿Ω-Øns‚Bh-iy-an-√. Nncn-°p∂p, Ic-bp-∂p, HmSp∂p, NmSp∂p F∂n-ßs\ ]e {Inb-Iƒ°pw I¿Ωm-t]-£-bn-√. F∂m¬ ]nSn-°p∂p, ImWp∂p, IpSn-°p-∂p, X√p-∂p XpSßn ]e {Inb-Iƒ°pwI¿Ωm-t]-£-bp-≠v. AXm-bXv {Inbm-]-Z-ßsf A¿Yw t\m°n c≠mbn Xncn-°mw. ]mT- m-K-ß-fnse {Inbm-]-Z-ßƒ ]cn-tim-[n®v Cßs\ th¿Xn-cn-°m-\p≈ ]cn-io-e\w \¬I-Ww. Chbv°pt]cpthW-sa-¶n¬ kI¿Ω-Iw, AI¿ΩIw F∂p hnfn-t®mfq.

C\n as‰mcp co-Xn-bn¬ {Inbm-]-Z-ßsf c≠mbn Xncn-°p∂Xp t\m°q.

• Ipń- ]-Tn-°p∂p.• AΩ Ip nsb ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p.• ]Tn°pI ]Tn-∏n-°pI

hyXy-kvX-cq-]-ß-fpsS khn-ti-jX Is≠-Øp-I. BZy-tØXv Ip n kzta-[bm sNøp-∂Xpwc≠m-a-tØXv ]c-t{]-c-W-tbmsS sNøp-∂-Xp-am-Wv.

• Nncn-°pI ˛ Nncn-∏n-°pI• HmSpI ˛ HmSn-°pI• hogpI ˛ hogvØpI• Xn∂pI ˛ Xo‰pI

{]tbm-PIcq]w Ip n-Iƒ Is≠-Øs .

• apßpI ˛ ..................................• tXmcpI ˛ ..................................• ]mSpI ˛ ..................................• ]ScpI ˛ ..................................

]mT- m-KsØ {Inb-I-fpsS tIh-e-cq-]hpw {]tbm-PI cq]hpw Ip n-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s . tIh-e-{In-b, {]tbm-P-I-{Inb F∂p t]cpw sImSp-°mw. {]IrXn As√-¶n¬ kz mhw ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-bp≈ hn -P-\-amWv CXv. (]-c-t{]-cW IqSmsX sNøp∂Xv tIh-e-{In-b. ]c-t{]-c-W-tbm-Sp-IqSn sNøp-∂Xv {]tbm-P-I-{In-b).

C\n as‰mcp hn[-Øn-ep≈ hn -P\w ]cn-tim-[n-°mw. Irjn-°m-c≥ \new DgpXv hnØphnX®p Cu hmIy-Øn¬ c≠p {Inbm-]-Z-ßƒ D≈Xv Ip n-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s . AXn¬ GXmWv{][m-\-s∏´ {Inb? A¿Yw t\m°nb√, hmIy-L-S\ t\m°n-bmWv {][m-\-{Inb Is≠-tØ-≠Xv. "Irjn-°m-c≥ \new DgpXp' F∂m-sW-¶n¬ AXv I¿Ømhpw I¿Ωhpw {Inbbpw D≈Hcp ]q¿WhmIy-am-Wv. hmIym-h-km-\-Øn¬ ]q¿Whn-cma Nn”-amb IpØv CSp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. F∂m¬ Irjn-°m-c≥ \new DgpXv F∂v tIƒ°p-tºmtgm, AhnsS hmIyw Ah-km-\n-°p-∂n-√. Irjn-°m-c≥ ]n∂oSv Ft¥m sNbvXn- p-≠m-Ip-sa∂p tXm∂p-∂nt√. hnØp hnX®p F∂p IqSn tN¿°p-tºmƒ Bibw ]q¿Øn-bmbn F∂p tXm∂p-∂n-t√. DgpXv F∂p ]d-™p-\n¿Øp-tºmƒ Bibw ]q¿W-am-Ip-∂n-√. Cßs\ hmIy-L-S-\-bnse {]m[m\yw t\m°n {Inbm-

ebmfwF´mwXcw

56

]-Z-ßsf c≠mbn Xncn-°mw. Bibw ]q¿W-am-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXp ]q¿W-{Inb As√-¶n¬A]q¿W{In-b.

Ip n-Iƒ ho n¬ sN∂v AΩsb I≠p F∂ hmIy-Ønse ]q¿W-{In-bbpw A]q¿Æ-{In-bbpw Ip nIƒ Is≠-Ø-s .

{Inb F∂ kwkvIr-X-]-Z-Øn\p ]Icw hn\ F∂ {Zmhn-U-]-Z-amWv ]≠v \mw D]-tbm-Kn-®ncp∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v ]q¿W{In-bbv°v ap‰p-hn\ F∂pw A]q¿W-{In-bbv°v ]‰p-hn\ F∂pw]d-bmw.

{Inbm]-Z-ßsf A¿Yw {]am-Wn®v kI¿Ω-Iw, AI¿-ΩIw F∂pw {]IrXn (kz mhw) {]am-Wn®v tIhew, {]tbmPIw F∂pw {]m[m\yw {]am-Wn®v ap‰p-hn-\, ]‰p-hn\ F∂pw Xncn-°mw.

(Imcn-Xw, AIm-cnXw F∂ cq]w {]am-Wn-®p≈ hn -P\w sslkvIqƒ ¢mkp-I-fn¬ aXn).

kap-®b hnI-ev]-ßsf°pdn-®p≈ kmam-\y-[m-cW Ip n-Iƒ {]tbm-K-ß-fn-eqsS t\ctØDƒs°m-≠n- p-≠m-Ipw. ]mTy- m-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂v DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ Is≠Øn AXv Dd-∏n-°-Ww. ]mTy-`m-K-ß-fn-ep≈ sNdnb ka-kvX-]-Z-ßƒ Is≠Øn A¿Yw hy‡-am-Ipw-hÆw th¿Xn-cn®v ]d-bp-∂-Xn-\p≈ ]cn-io-e\w A©mw ¢mkv apX¬ Bcw- n-°mw. c≠p ]Z-ßƒ sImSpØvkakvX]Zw B°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ in£Whpw \¬Imw.

Bdmw-Xcw

ap∂-dnhv ]cn-tim-[-\-bv°p-tijw \memw ¢mkn¬ ]Tn® hnti-jWw {i≤-bn¬ s]Sp-Ø-Ww. Bdmw ¢mknse ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ \n∂pw ap≥¢m-kp-I-fn¬ ]Tn® mK-ßfn¬ \n∂pwFt´m- ]tØm hnti-j-W-]-Z-ßƒ Ip n-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s . A°q -Øn¬ \ma-hn-ti-j-W-ßfpw{Inbm-hn-ti-j-W-ßfpw D≠m-bn-cn°pw. Ah Hcp tImf-Øn¬ CS-I-e¿Øn sImSp-°p-I. ASpØtImf-Øn¬ \ma-]-Z-ßfpw {Inbm-]-Z-ßfpw CS-I-e¿Øn sImSp-°Ww.

henb Aedn]Xps° B\Dds° \S∂psNdnb Imewsas√ ]£n\√ Ccp∂psaen™ Fgp-Xp∂pthKw Ip n

hm°p-Iƒ tNcpw-]Sn tN¿°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Smw. Aßs\ tN¿°p-tºmƒ Nne hnti-j-W-]-Z-ßƒ \ma-ß-tfmtS tNcq F∂pw NneXv {Inb-I-tfmsS tNcq F∂pw Ip n-Iƒ Is≠-ØWw.A[ym-]-I≥ A¬∏sam∂v klm-bn-°p-Itbm t{]cn-∏n-°p-Itbm t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-ItbmsNbvXm¬ \ma-hn-ti-jWw, {Inbm hnti-jWw F∂ kmt¶-XnI kw⁄-Iƒ Ip n-Iƒ Xs∂\n¿Ωn-°m-\n-S-bp-≠v (t`Z-I-hn-ti-jWw Bh-iy-an√)

A©mw-¢m-kn¬ ]Tn® ]‰p-hn-\-sb-∏-‰nbpw IqSp-X¬ Imcy-ßƒ Adn-™n-cn-°-Ww. ]‰n-\n¬°p∂ hn\-bm-Wt√m ]‰p-hn-\. ]‰n-\n¬°p-∂Xp \ma-tØmsS {Inb-tbmtSm BImw. HmSp∂IpXn-c, Ic-bp-∂ -Ip- n, I≠ -ImgvN CØcw {]tbm-K-ß-fn¬ HmSp-∂, Ic-bp∂ I≠ F∂o-]-Z-ßƒ \ma-Øns‚ AwK-ambn ]‰n \n¬°p-∂p. sN∂v I-≠p, tI v ]Tn® Ccp∂v kwkm-cn®papX-em-b-h-bn¬ sN∂v, tI v Ccp∂v, F∂o-]-Z-ßƒ {Inb-bpsS AwK-ambn ]‰n-\n¬°p-∂p. \mamw-Kw, {InbmwKw F∂p t]cn-Smw. t]sc-®w, hn\-sb®w F∂pw ]dbmw (F®w, AwKw) ]mTy- m-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂v Ip n-Iƒ t]sc-®hpw hn\-sb-®hpw Is≠-Ø-s .

\maw, k¿h\m-aw, {Inb, \ma-hn-ti-j-Ww, {Inbm-hn-ti-jWw F∂o hn m-K-ßfn¬s∏´ ]Z-


57

ßƒs°√mw IrXy-amb Hcp A¿Y-ap≠v. F∂m¬ Xmsg sImSp-Øn- p≈ hmIy-ß-fn¬ ASn-bn¬ hc-bn- i_vZ-ßƒ {i≤n-°p-I.

• D∏psXm v I¿∏qcw hsc hne-IqSn.• AXn-s\-°p-dn®v H∂pw Adn-bn√.• hSn-sIm≠v ASn®p.• k©n-bn¬ \n∂v ]pkvXIw FSp-Øp.

sXm v, hsc, Ipdn-®v, sIm≠v, \n∂v, CØcw i_vZ-ßƒ°v IrXy-amb A¿Y-an-√. AhFSp-Øp-I-f-™m¬ hmIy-L-S\ icn-bm-Ip-∂pan-√. AXpsIm≠v mj-bn¬ CØcw i_vZ-ßƒBh-iy-am-Wv.

kmt¶-Xn-Im¿YsØ t\tc hNn-°p-∂Xv hmN-Iw. A¿YsØ tZymXn-∏n-°pI (ImWn-°pI)am{Xw sNøp-∂Xv tZymX-Iw.

]mTy- m-K-ß-fn¬\n∂v GXm\pw hmN-I-i_vZßfpw tZymX-I-i-_vZ-ßfpw Ip n-Iƒ kzbwIs≠-Ø-s .

Ggmw-Xcw

Bdmw ¢mkvhscbp≈ hymI-cWImcy-ßƒ Ip n-Iƒ th≠pwhn[w Dƒs°m-≠n-cn-°p∂pF∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øn-b-Xn-\p-tijw {Inbm-]-Z-Øns‚ Nne khn-tij {]tbm-K-ß-fn-te°p IS-°mw.

ImWpI F∂ {Inbm-]Zw ImWp-∂p, I≠p, ImWpw F∂n-ßs\ aq∂p Ime-Ønepw {]tbm-Kn-°m-dp-s≠∂v Ip n-Iƒ°-dn-bmw. AXn-\p-]p-dta ImW-s , ImWWw, ImWmw F∂o {]tbm-K-ß-fpaps≠∂v ]mTy- m-K-ß-fn¬\n∂v Ah¿ kzbw Is≠-Ø-s . F¥mWv CØcw {]tbm-K-ß-fpsS {]tXy-IX? Abmƒ Ctßm p hc-s , Ah≥ Atßm- p -t]m-Is´ Fs∂√mw ]d-bp-tºmƒ{Inb-bpsS km[m-c-W-amb A¿YØn-\p-]p-dta Hcp B⁄--bpsS Awiw IqSn Ds≠∂v tXm∂p-∂n-t√, hc-Ww, t]mIWw F∂m-Ip-tºmƒ ]d-bp∂ hy‡n tIƒ°p∂ Bfns‚ ta¬ HcpXocp-am\w FSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-t]mse tXm∂p-∂p. hcmw, t]mImw F∂m-Ip-tºmƒ A\p-aXn \¬Ip-∂-Xm-bn- mWv tXm∂p-I. Cßs\ {Inbm-]Zw ]e a nepw {]tbm-Kn-°mw.

{Inbm-[mXp GXp a n¬ A¿Yw Ipdn-°p∂p F∂p ImWn-°p-∂-Xn\v "{]Imcw' F∂p ]d-bp-∂p. AXp \mep hn[-Øn-ep-≠v.

1. A¿Yw \n¿tZin-°pI am{Xw sNøp-∂Xv \n¿tZi-I-{]-Imcw. Ccn-°p∂p Ccp∂p Ccn-°pw.

2. \ntbmKw Ipdn-°p-∂Xv \ntbm-PI{]Im-cw. Ccn-°-s , tIƒ°s´3. hn[n-°p∂ a n¬ hcp-∂Xv hn[m-b-I-{]-Im-cw. Ccn-°-Ww, tIƒ°Ww4. A\p⁄ \¬Ip∂ a n-ep-≈Xv A\p-⁄m-bI{]Imcw. Ccn-°mw, tIƒ°mw.

(sX°≥ mj-bn¬ Ccn-°-Ww, tIƒ°Ww F∂pw a‰pw hyh-lm-c-X-e-Øn¬ {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv At]-£n-°p∂ A¿YØn-em-Wv. Ccn-°tW, tIƒ°tW)

{]Imc {]Xy-b-ßƒ Ip n-Iƒ Is≠-Øs´ As , AWw, Bw.

\n¿tZ-i-I-Øn¬ Ime-{]-Xybw am{Xw aXn.

a[y-a-]p-cpj k¿h\m-a-Øn¬ As´ F∂ {]Xybw tNcn-√.

GIhN\amsW-¶n¬ [mXp am{Xw aXn \o Ctßm- p-hm, Xm≥ AhnsS Ccn.

_lp-h-N-\-Øn¬ t{imXm-°-fpsS ]Zhn A\p-k-cn®v ]e cq]-ß-fp-≠v.

\nßƒ hcp, hcp-hn≥, hcn≥, h∂mepw

\n¿tZiIw F√m Ime-Ønepw {]tbm-Kn-°mw. a‰p aqs∂-Æhpw mhn-Im-e-Ønte \n¬°q.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

58

CXv Ip n-Iƒ {]tbm-K-ß-fn-eqsS kzbw Is≠-Ø-Ww.

{Inb-bpsS as‰mcp hymIc-W-hy-hÿ ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.

imIp-¥fw Imfn-Zm-k-\m¬ Fgp-X-s∏- p.

(CØcw hmIy-ßƒ ]mT- m-K-ß-fn-ep-≈Xv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xp \∂v).

Cu hmIyhpw "Imfn-Zm-k≥ imIp-¥fw FgpXn' F∂ hmIyhpw XΩn¬ Bi-b-Øn¬ hyXym-k-an-s√-¶nepw Du∂-en¬ henb A¥-c-ap-≠v. ae-bm-f-Ønse km[m-cW hmIy-L-S-\-bmWv(I¿Ømhv I¿Ωw {Inb) Imfn-Zm-k≥ imIp-¥fw FgpXn F∂ hmIy-Øn-ep-≈-Xv. F∂m¬imIp-¥fw Imfn-Zm-k-\m¬ Fgp-X-s∏ p F∂p hmIy-L-S\ am‰p-tºmƒ I¿Xr-ÿm-\Øp hcp-∂Xv imIp-¥-f-am-Wv. "imIp-¥fw Bcm¬ Fgp-X-s∏´p' F∂ BImw-£-bv°p≈ DØ-c-am-Wv"Imfn-Zm-k-\m¬' F∂ ]Zw. AXm-bXv, Imfn-Zm-k≥ imIp-¥fw cN-\-bv°p≈ D]-I-cWw am{XwimIp-¥-f-Øns‚ {]m[m\yw h¿[n®v AXv I¿Xr-ÿm-\Øv \n¬°p-∂p. Aßs\ bYm-¿YI¿Øm-hns\ Ic-W-ÿm-\-tØ°v XmgvØp-Ibpw I¿Ω-Øn\p {]m[m\yw \¬In I¿Xr-ÿm-\-tØ°v Db¿Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp hmIy-L-S-\-bmWv ""imIp-¥fw Imfn-Zm-k-\m¬ Fgp-X-s∏ p'' F∂Xn¬ ImWp-∂-Xv.

• I¿Øm-hn\v {]m[m\yw \¬Ip∂ {]tbmKw I¿Ø-cn-{]-tbmKw• I¿Ω-Øn\v {]m[m\yw \¬Ip-∂Xv I¿ΩWn{]tbmKw

]e DZm-l-c-W-ß-fn-eqsS {]tbm-K-hy-hÿ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-Ww.

cq]-krjvSn : I¿Øcn{]tbm-K-Ønse I¿Xr-]Zw {]tbm-Pn-Im-hn- -‡n-bn-te°p am‰-Ww. I¿Ω-]Zw I¿Xr-ÿm-\-tØ-°p -am‰n \n¿tZin-Im-hn- -‡n-bn¬ {]tbm-Kn-°-Ww. {Inbm-]-Z-Øn¬ \n∂vIme-{]-Xybw Hgn-hm°n [mXp-hn¬ AImcw am{Xw tN¿∂ ip≤-cq-]-Øn-te°p sIm≠p-h∂v"s]SpI' F∂ klm-b-{In-b-tN¿Øv AXn¬ ImekqN\ \¬I-Ww.

• I≠p ˛ ImW-s∏´p (ImW-s∏´p ImWp-I-s∏´p ]mSn-√)• ImWp∂p ˛ ImW-s∏-Sp∂p (ImW-s∏´p ImWp-I-s∏´p ]mSn-√)• FgpXn ˛ Fgp-X-s∏´p (Fgp-Xp-I-s∏´p ]mSn-√)• FgpXpw ˛ Fgp-X-s∏Spw (Fgp-Xp-I-s∏Spw ]mSn-√)

AI-s∏´p, ]pd-s∏- p, t`Z-s∏- p, kpJ-s∏- p, CjvS-s∏- p, IjvS-s∏´p ˛ apX-em-bhI¿ΩWn{]tbm-K-a-s√∂v {]tXyIw [cn-®n-cn-°-Ww.

I¿Ω-Wn-{]-tbmKw ae-bmf`mjsb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw kzm`m-hn-I-amb Hcp hmIy-co-Xn-b-√. ]≠v AXp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. kwkvIr-X-Øns‚ kzm[o\w h¿[n-®-tXm-sS-bmWv F p-]Øp \q‰m-≠p-apºv I¿Ω-Wn-{]-tbmKw \ΩpsS mj-bn¬ IS∂p IqSn-b-Xv. cq]-krjvSn ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬AXns‚ Ir{Xn-aXzw t_m[y-s∏-Spw.

cma≥ cmh-Ws\ h[n®pcmhWx cmtaW lXx CXv A\p-I-cn-®m-Wv.

cmhW≥ cma-\m¬ h[n-°-s∏ p F∂v I¿ΩWn D≠m-°n-b-Xv. ]q¿W-{In-b-bmbn t\ctØ`mj-bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂ "s]SpI' F∂ ]ZsØ A\p-{]-tbm-K-am-°n-bmWv I¿ΩWn krjvSn-®-Xv.

B[p-\nI L -Øn¬ Cw•o-jns‚ {]Nm-c-tØmsS Aÿm-\-Øp-t]mepw I¿ΩWn {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv Hcp mj≥ Bbn-Øo¿∂n- p-≠v. Cw•o-jnepw kwkvIr-X-Ønepw a‰pw I¿ΩWn kzm`m-hn-I-amb coXn-bm-Wv. AXns\ A\p-I-cn-®v, "Rm≥ DuWp Ign®p' F∂ hmIyw I¿Ω-Wn-bn¬"DuWv F∂m¬ Ign-°-s∏ p' F∂m-°n-bm-tem, F{X-hn-Ir-X-amWv!

kwkvIr-X-k-º¿°wsIm≠v ae-bm-f-Øn\p In nb henb Hcp A\p-{K-l-amWv I¿ΩWn{]tbmKw F∂v ]ecpw [cn®p h®n- p-≠v. AXpsIm≠v \ΩpsS Hcp Ipdhp ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏- p-


59

sh-∂mWv Ah-Im-i-hm-Zw. CXv Hcp A¿[-k-Xy-am-Wv. AkXyw thKw Xncn-®-dn-bmw. F∂m¬A¿[-kXyw Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Gsd {]bm-k-ap-≠v.

F¥mWv I¿Ω-Wn-{]-tbmKw sIm≠v Cw•ojpw kwkvIr-Xhpw a‰pw km[n-°p-∂Xv? I¿Ω-Øn\p {]m[m\yw \¬In I¿Xr-ÿm-\Øp {]Xn-jvTn-°pI; I¿Øm-hns\ D]-I-c-W-am°n am‰p-I. CXt√? kwkvIr-X-Øn¬ IcWm¿Y-Øn¬ XrXob (cmta-W) {]tbm-Kn®pw Cw•o-jn¬ (byRama) F∂p Ic-Wm¿∞-Øn¬ KXn {]tbm-Kn®pw Ah¿ AXp km[n-°p-∂p. Cßs\ I¿Øm-hns\ {]tbm-Pn-I-bn-te°p am‰n (cma-\m¬) I¿Øm-hns‚ {]m[m\yw Ipd-bv°p∂ I¿Ω-Wn-{]-tbmKw hcp-∂-Xn\p apºv ae-bmfw Fß-s\-bmWv AXp km[n-®n-cp-∂Xv F∂p ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.

• Ip n {Sm°n-eqsS HmSp-∂p.• Imbn-Im-[ym-]-I≥ Ip nsb {Sm°n-eqsS HmSn-°p-∂p.

Ipń HmSp∂p F∂ hmIy-Øn¬ {Inb sNøp-∂Xv ]q¿Wambpw Ipń-bm-Wv. HmSn-°p∂pF∂m-Ip-tºmƒ A¬∏w _mly-t{]-c-W-IqSn Ds≠∂p hy‡-am-Ip-∂p. t{]c-Wbv°p hnt[-b-ambn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v I¿Øm-hns\ {]Xn-{Km-lnI F∂ I¿Ω hn -‡n-bn-te°p am‰n.

""tIh-e-{In-b-bn¬ I¿ØmI¿Ω-amIpw {]tbm-PtI ''(tIc-f-]m-Wn-\o-bw)

XpS¿∂v {]tbm-PIhmIy-Øn¬ I¿Ω-ÿm-\Øp \n¬°p-∂Xv {]tbm-Py-I¿Øm-hm-sW∂pwt{]c-I-ÿm-\-Øp-≈Xv {]tbm-PI I¿Øm-hm-sW∂pw hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. B \ne-]mSv Cu\nK-a-\sØ km[q-I-cn-°p-∂p-≠-t√m.

I¿Øm-hns‚ {]m[m\yw CXn-tesd Ipd-bp-tºmƒ kwtbm-Pn-I-bn-te-°mWv am‰p-I. CucoXn C∂v hS-°≥ mj-bnte D≈q.

Ft∂mSv ad∂pt]mbn (Rm≥ ad-∂p).Ft∂mSv ]d™pt]mbn (Rm≥ ]d-™p).Ft∂mSv ASn In pw (Rm≥ ASn-°pw).

thWw F∂p hnNm-cn®v sNøp-∂-X√ F∂p ImWn-°m-\mWv I¿Øm-hns\ kwtbm-Pn-I-bn-te°p am‰p-∂-Xv.

C\n I¿Øm-hns‚ ]¶m-fnØw Cs√∂pXs∂ ]d-bm-hp∂ hn[-Øn-em-sW-¶n¬ I¿Xr-]ZwDt±-in-I-bn-te°p am‰pw.

• F\n°p hni-°p-∂p.• F\n°p izmkw ap´p∂p.• F\n°v Hcp ]pkvXIw In n.

CXym-Zn -hm-Iy-ßƒ Cw•o-jn-tet°m kwkvIr-X-Øn-tet°m samgn-am‰w sNbvXp t\m°pI.I¿Xr-]Zw I¿Xr-hn- -‡n-bn¬Øs∂-bm-bn-cn-°pw.

• Rm≥ Hcp ]pkvXIw hmßn.• F\n°v Hcp ]pkvXIw In n.

Cw•o-jn¬ CXp-c≠pw Htc hmIy-L-S-\-bn-et√? t\m°p, F{X kq£va-ambn Nn¥n-®mWv\ΩpsS ]q¿hn-I¿ I¿Xr-]-ZsØ {]m[m\yw Ipd-bp-∂-X-\p-k-cn®v a‰p hn -‡n-I-fn-te°p am‰n-bn-cp-∂Xv!

Ip n°p ]cn-°p-]-‰n, ]£n°v shSn-tb‰p CXymZn hmIy-ßƒ kwkvIr-X-Øntem Cw•o-jntem ]d-bp-tºmƒ km[m-cW KXn-bn¬ I¿ΩWn{]tbm-K-Øn-em-Wt√m hcp-∂-Xv.

I¿Øm-hns\ {]tbm-Pn-I-bn-te°p am‰p-∂Xv I¿ΩWn{]tbm-K-Øn¬ am{X-a-√. I¿ØmhvHcp D]-I-cWw am{X-am-Ip-tºmƒ {]tbm-Pn-I-bn-te°p am‰p∂ Hcp coXn ae-bm-f-Øn-ep-≠v.t\m°pI:

ebmfwF´mwXcw

60

• h°o¬ tIkv hmZn-°p∂p.I£n h°o-ens\s°m≠v tIkv hmZn-∏n-°p-∂p.

• Iqen-°m-c≥ NpaSv FSp-°p-∂p.apX-emfn Iqen-°m-cs\s°m≠v NpaSv FSp-∏n-°p-∂p.

(B¬ F∂ {]Xy-b-Øn-\p-]-Icw sIm≠v F∂ KXn-bm-Wv Ct∏mƒ D]-tbm-Kn®phcp-∂-Xv).

h°o-emWv hmZn-°p-∂-sX-¶nepw I£n-°m-Wt√m AXns‚ KpWw. AXp-t]mse NpaSv FSp-°p-∂Xv Iqen-°m-c-\m-sW-¶nepw AXns‚ ew A\p- -hn-°p-∂Xv apX-em-fn-bm-Wv.

tIh-e-{In-b-bnse I¿Ømhv {]tbm-PI hmIy-Øn¬ D]-I-cWw am{X-am-Ip-∂p. AXn-\m¬{]tbm-Pn-I-bn-te°p am‰p-∂p.

Cßs\ I¿Øm-hns‚ {]m[m\yw Ipd-bp-∂-X-\p-k-cn®v AXns\ a‰p Imc-I-ß-fn-te°pam‰p∂ Hcp coXn \ap-°p≈XpsIm-≠mWv I¿Ω-Wn-{]-tbmKw \ap-°n-√m-Xn-cp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬I¿ΩWn ths≠∂p h®p-IqtS F∂p tNmZn-®m¬ C\n AXp km[n-°n-s√-∂mWv adp-]-Sn. D]-t`m-Km-k‡n \nd™ Hcp kaq-l-Øn¬ Bh-iy-an-√mØ ]eXpw kzoI-cn-®p-I-gn-™m¬, ioen®pIgn-™m¬ ]ns∂ AXp ths≠∂p hbv°pI ZpjvI-c-am-Wv. Nmb, Im∏n, tkm∏v, jmw]q apX-em-bh Nne DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ am{Xw. Aßs\ I¿ΩWn{]tbmKw mj-bn¬ Dd®pIgn-™n-cn-°p∂p.

• _ -]-I-S-Øn¬ \mep-t]¿ acn-®p.• hkp-ss[h IpSpw-_Iw F∂p ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠-t√m.

CXym-Zn- hm-Iy-ß-fn¬ I¿Ω-Wn-°mWv wKn. I¿Ømhv A⁄m-Xt\m A{]-k-‡t\m AZr-iyt\m DZm-ko-\t\m Bbn-cn-°p-tºmƒ I¿ΩWn Bhmw.

C∂v mj-bn¬ {]tbm-Kn-°p∂ I¿ΩWn{]tbm-K-ßƒ ]eXpw Xo¿Øpw A\m-h-iy-am-Wv.AXp mjbv°p tbmPn-®-X-√.

Ggmw ¢mkn¬ {]Im-chpw {]tbm-Khpw Dd-∏n®pIgn-™m¬ hn\-sb® hn m-K-ßƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°mw.

A©mw ¢mkn¬ ap‰p-hn\ ]‰p-hn-\bpw Bdmw ¢mkn¬ t]sc®w hn\-sb-®hpw ]Tn®pIgn-™n- p-≠v. ]mTy- m-K-ß-fn¬\n∂v Nne hn\-sb-®-ßfpw Ip n-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s .

• t__n kn\na I≠v ho n-te°p h∂p.• _m_p kn\na ImWm≥ Xntb-‰-dn-te°p t]mbn.

ASn-bn¬ hc-bn c≠p ]Z-ßfpw hn\-sb-®-ß-fm-sW∂v Ip n Bdmw ¢mkn¬ ]Tn-®n- p-≠v.Ah-bpsS Iem-]-c-amb hyXym-k-amWv Ip n (A[ym-]-Is‚ klm-b-tØm-sS) Is≠-tØ-≠-Xv.

I≠v, h∂p Cu c≠p {Inb-I-fn¬ GXmWv BZyw \S-∂Xv? I≠-Xn-\p-ti-j-am-Wt√mh∂-Xv. At∏mƒ ap‰p-hn-\bv°p apºp \S-∂Xv F∂ \nebv°v ap≥hn\-sb®w F∂p t]cpsImSp-°mw.

ImWm≥ t]mbn c≠p {Inb-I-fn¬ GXmWv BZyw \S-∂Xv? t]mb-Xn-\p-tijw (]n≥]v)BWt√m ImWpI F∂ {Inb \S-°p-∂-Xv. (\S-°m-\n-S-bp-≈Xv Ft∂ ]d-bm≥ ]‰q. Xntb-‰-dn-te°p t]mb-Xp-sIm≠v kn\na I≠p-sh∂v A¿Yan-√-t√m.)

ap‰p-hn-\bv°p ]n≥]v \S-°m-\n-S-bp-≈Xv F∂-Xp-sIm≠v ]n≥hn-\-sb®w F∂p t]cp sImSp-°mw.

Ime-K-W-\-h®v qX-Im-em¿YØn-ep≈ hn\-sb®w ap≥hn-\-sb®w. mhn-Im-em¿YØn-ep-≈Xv]n≥hn-\-sb-®w.

a‰p- hn-\-sb-®-ßƒ Bh-iy-an-√. \Sp-hn-\-sb®w hn\-sb-®ta A√. {Inb-bpsS ip≤ cq]-am-Wv. CXv ]e-Im-cy-ßƒ°pw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p. ChnsS hcpI, AhnsS Ccn-°pI CXym-Zn-I-fn¬


61

AXp ]q¿W{Inb-bm-Wv. I≈w ]d-bpI icn-b-√, Atßm p t]mhpI A]-I-S-I-c-amWv CXymZnhmIy-ß-fn¬ AXp I¿Xr-ÿm-\Øp \n¬°p-∂p. {]Imc {]tbmK{]XybtbmK-Ønepw kap-®bhnI-¬∏-ß-fnepw {Inb-bpsS Cu ip≤cq]-amWv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. AXns\ Hcp hn\-sb-®-ambn Ipd®pImW-cp-Xv. ip≤ {Inb F∂ t]cp \¬Imw.

X≥hn-\-sb-®hpw ]m£n-I-hn-\-sb-®hpw ]Z-hn-Nm-c-Øn-e-√, hmIy-hn-Nm-c-Øn-emWv {]k-‡-am-Ip-∂-Xv. AXv At∏mƒ hni-Zo-I-cn-®m¬ aXn. B t]cp-Ifpw Bh-iy-an-√.

F´mw-Xcw

Ggmw ¢mkp Ign™p hcp∂ Ip n AXp-hsc ]Tn® hkvXp-X-Iƒ th≠pwhÆw Dƒs°m-≠n- p-s≠∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øn-b-Xn\p tijta XpS¿∂p≈ hnj-b-ß-fn-te°p IS-°m-hq.

`mjm-k-‘n-bmWv F´mw ¢mknse apJy-]m-Ty-hn-j-bw. AXn-te°p IS-°p-∂-Xn\p apºvh¿Ww, A£-cw, en]n F∂n-h-sb-∏‰n hy‡-amb Hcp [mcW D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.

a\p-jy≥ D®m-c-Wm-h-b-h-ßƒ sIm≠p ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-∂Xpw mj-W-Øn\v D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xpw hn -Pn-°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-Xp-amb [z\n-bmWv h¿Ww. Ah-bn¬ kzc-ßƒ am{Xta D®-cn-°m≥ Ign-bq. Ah-bmWv h¿Ww. Ah-bmWv bYm¿YØn¬ A£-c-ßƒ. hyRvP-\-ßƒ D®m-c-W-£-a-a-√. GsX-¶nepw kzcw tN¿∂mte Ah D®-cn-°m≥ Ign-bq. BZy-kz-c-amb AImcwtN¿ØmWv hyRvP-\-ßsf A£-c-am-°p-∂-Xv. "I' F∂ A£-c-Øn¬ D®m-cW £a-a-√mØ"I' F∂ h¿Whpw AIm-c-hp-amWv AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. C¥y≥ mj-Iƒ A£-c-ame D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ bqtdm-]y≥ mj-Iƒ h¿W-ame D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. Hmtcm Ipńbpw kz¥w t]cvh¿W-ß-fm°n Fgp-Xmw.

avA-ev-A-bv-B-CvAav BsI HºXp h¿Wßƒ

M A L A Y A L A M - Cw•o-jn¬ Fgp-Xp-tºmgpw HºXp h¿W-ßƒ

h¿Whpw A£-chpw a‰pw Fgp-Xn-°m-Wn-°p-∂-Xn\v a\p-jy≥ kzoI-cn-®n- p≈ Hcp kt¶-X-amWv en]n. AXv \ap°v Ime-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v ]cn-jvI-cn-°mw. F∂m¬ h¿Whpw A£-chpwa\p-jy-\n¿Ωn-X-a-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ ]cn-jvI-cn-°m≥ ]‰n-√. kzoI-cn-°p-Itbm Dt]-£n-°p-ItbmsNømw A{X-am{Xw A£-c-ame D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ mj-I-fn¬ A£-c-kwJy F√m ImeØpwHcp t]mse Bbn-cn-°n-√. Ct∏mƒ F{X D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p Ft∂ ]d-bm≥ ]‰q.

izmk-tIm-i-Øn¬ \n∂p hcp∂ hmbp-hns\ IWvTw apX¬ HmjvTw hsc-bp≈ D®m-c-W-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬ Fhn-sS-sb-¶nepw \mhns‚ GsX-¶nepw mKw D]-tbm-Kn®v XSt™m XS-bm-sXtbm]pdØp hnSp-tºm-gmWv i_vZw D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. Xosc kv]¿i-an-√msX ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-∂-h-bmWvkzc-ßƒ. AXp-sIm≠v Ahbv°v Akv]rjvS [z\n F∂p ]d-bpw. kv]¿i-ap-≈h hyRvP-\-ßƒ. kv]¿i-Øns‚ tXmXv A\p-k-cn®v hyRvP-\-ßsf aq∂mbn Xncn-°mw. ]q¿Æ-kv]¿i-ap-≈h h¿Km-£-c-ßƒ (kv]rjvS-[z-\n), ]IpXn kv]¿iap≈h Dujvam-°ƒ (t\a-kv]r-jvSw),t\cnb kv]¿i-ap≈ a[y-a-ßƒ (Cuj¬ kv]rjvSw) F∂n-ß-s\.

IWvTw ÿm\-ambn hcp∂ kv]rjvS [z\n IWvTyh¿Kw I, J, K, L, P

Xmep (Ipdp-\m-°v) ÿm\-ambn hcp∂ kv]rjvS [z\n Xme-hyh¿Kw N, O, P, Q, R

aq¿[mhv ÿm\-ambn hcp∂ kv]rjvS [z\n aq¿[-\y-h¿Kw S, T, U, V, W

Z¥w ÿm\-ambn hcp∂ kv]rjvS [z\n Z¥y-h¿Kw X, Y, Z, [, \

HmjvTw ÿm\-ambn hcp∂ kv]rjvS [z\n HmjvTy-h¿Kw ], , _, , a

kv]rjvS-[z-\n-I-fnse kv]¿iw ]Ip-Xn-bm-°nbpw t\cnb tXmXn-em-°nbpw Xosc C√m-Xm-°n-bp-amWv a‰p [z\n-I-sf√mw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-∂-Xv. AXm-bXv kv]rjvS-[z-\n-I-fmWv mj-W-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\w. AXnse BZysØ A£-c-amb "I', Ah-km-\sØ A£-c-amb "a'

ebmfwF´mwXcw

62

F∂n-h-bv°p-≈n-emWv F√m mjWkz\-ßfpw AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Aß-s\-bmWv "Iams∂m-c£cw' F∂ ssien cq]-s∏- -Xv.

]IpXn kv]¿i-ap≈hbm-Wt√m Dujvam-°ƒ. Xmep, aq¿[m-hv, Z¥w F∂o ÿm\-ß-fn¬]q¿W-kv]¿iw sImSp-Øm¬ N S X AtX ÿm\-ß-fn¬ \mhv tN¿Øp-sh-°msX D®-cn-®m¬ i j k

t\cnb kv]¿iw sImSpØv D®-cn-°p∂ a[y-a-ßƒ kwkvIr-Xm-£-c-am-e-bn¬ \mseÆtaD≈q. b c e h. Ah-bpsS ÿm\w bYm-{Iaw Xmep, aq¿[m-hv, Z¥w, HmjvTw F∂mWvkwkvIr-X-hym-I-c-W-Øn¬ \n¿Wbn-®n- p-≈-Xv. Cu kwkvIr-X-coXn tIcf]mWn\n AtX-]SnkzoI-cn-®p. "Xh¿K-ekwZ¥yw' F∂v \n w-ibw Imcn-Im-cq-]-Øn¬ tcJs∏SpØn-bn- p-ap-≠v.eIm-csØ Z¥y-a-[y-a-ambn IW-°m-°n-bXp sIm≠v At±-l-Øn\v k‘n-hn-Nm-c-Øn¬ Nne]mI-∏n-g-Iƒ h∂p-t]m-bn- p-≠v.

eIm-c-Øns‚ D®m-c-W-ÿm\w GXm-sW∂p t\m°mw. Xe F∂ ]Zw D®-cn®p t\m°p-I.XImcw D®-cn-®-Xn-\p-tijw \mhns‚ A‰w A¬∏w Db¿Øn-bn- m-Wt√m eImcw D®-cn-°p-∂-Xv.aq¿[m-hn\pw Z¥-Øn\pw CS-bn-ep≈ h¿’w (Z¥-aq-ew) F∂ ÿm\-ØmWv \mhns‚ A‰wA¬∏sam∂p kv]¿in-°p-∂-Xv. h¿’ÿm\-ambp sIm≠v eI-cmsØ h¿’y-a-[y-a-ambn IW-°m-°-Ww.

kwkvIr-X-Øn-en-√mØ aq∂p a[y-a-ßƒ \ap-°p-≠v. f, g, d, Cu {ZmhnU a[y-a-ßsfaq¿[-\y-a-[y-a-ß-fm-bn- mWv hymI-c-W-Øn¬ ]cn-K-Wn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. BsI Ggv a[y-a-ßƒ ae-bm-f-Øn-ep-≠v.

A£-c-am-e-bn¬ i, j, k F∂o Dujvam-°ƒ°p tijw l F∂ Hcp hyRvP\ap≠-t√m. AXn\v ]e khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw D≠v. ]fin-X-∑m¿ "tLmjn' F∂ t]cp sImSpØv A£c-am-e-bpsS A¥y-Øn¬ AXp sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p. i j k l f, g, d

kz¥w en]n-bns√¶nepw ae-bm-f-Øn¬ kPo-h-km-∂n-[y-ap≈ c≠p h¿Km-£-c-ßƒ IqSn-bp-≠v.

B‚Wn F∂ hm°v D®-cn-°p-tºmƒ d F∂ A£-c-Øns‚ D®m-cWw {i≤n-°p-I.aq¿[m-hn\pw Z¥-Øn\pw CS-bn¬ h¿’w F∂ ÿm\Øv \mhns‚ A‰w Dd-∏n®v ]q¿W-kv]¿iw sImSp-ØmWv Cu A£cw D®-cn-°p-∂-Xv. e F∂ a[yaw D®-cn-°p∂ AtXÿm\w Xs∂. Fs‚, \ns‚, Ah-s‚, AXns‚ XpSßn Ht´sd hm°p-I-fn¬ d F∂ en]n-bmWv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-sX¶nepw AXns‚ D®m-cWw h¿’y-J-c-am-bn- m-Wv. AXn\v HcpA\p-\m-kn-I-hp-ap-≠v.

\\ F∂ ]Z-Øn¬ c≠-£-chpw Htc en]n-bn-em-sW-¶nepw D®m-cWw hyXy-kvX-am-W-t√m. BZy-tØ°v Z¥y-h¿KØnse A\p-\m-knIw Xs∂. c≠m-a-tØ-tXm, \mhns‚ A‰wA¬∏w Db¿Øn h¿’w F∂ ÿm\Øv Dd-∏n®v ]q¿W-kv]¿iw sImSp-Øt√ D®-cn-°p-∂-Xv.AXv h¿’ym-\p-\m-kn-I-am-Wv. {Zmhn-Um-£-c-am-e-bn¬ Hmtcm h¿KØnepw Jchpw A\p-\m-kn-Ihpw am{Xta D≈q. Jcw Cc- n®pw A\p-\m-knIw Cc- n®pw A\p-\m-knI Jc-ßƒ tN¿∂pwHmtcm h¿KØnepw aq∂p Iq -£-c-ß-fp-≠v. t\m°p-I.

´ Æ ≠ aq¿[-\y-h¿Kw

‰ ∂ ‚ h¿’y-h¿Kw

Ø ∂ ¥ Z¥y-h¿Kw

D®m-cWw kq£va-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-®v, \mhns‚ Ne\w {i≤n-®v, kv]¿i-Øns‚tXmXv a\- n-em°n A£-c-ß-fpsS D®m-cW khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Is≠-Øp-I.

ae-bm-f-Øn¬ F{X hyRvP\-ßƒ Ct∏mƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-s≠∂p t\m°mw.


63

h¿Km-£-c-ßƒ 25 + 2 27 (h¿’y-h¿K-Øn\p kz¥w en]n-bn-√).

Dujvam-°ƒ 3

a[y-a-ßƒ 7

tLmjn (lIm-cw) 1

38

C\n kzc-ß-sf-∏‰n.

A©v ASn-ÿm-\-kz-c-ß-fmWv mj-bn-ep-≈Xv.

A C D F H

Cw•o-jnepw A©v kzc-ß-fm-Wt√m D≈-Xv. "A' F∂ BZy kzcw A Fs∂-gpXn Ben]n°v "G' F∂p t]cn- n-cn-°p-∂p. a‰p kzc-ß-fpsS [z\n-aqeyw Is≠-Øp-I.

A E I O U

A F C H D (`mjm-im-kv{X-a-\p-k-cn-®mWv Cu kwhn-[m-\w).

Cßs\ Cw•o-jnepw ae-bm-f-Øn-ep-ap≈ kzc-ßƒ Htc [z\n-aq-ey-ap-≈-h-bm-sW∂p ImWmw.kwhn-[m-\-{Iaw amdn-bn- p-s≠-t∂-bp-≈q.

kzc-ßƒ°v {lkz-Zo¿L-t`Zw h∂-tXmsS FÆw Cc- n-bmbn 10.

"A' F∂ tI{μ-kz-c-Øn¬ Xme-hy-a-[y-a-amb bIm-c-Øns‚ [z\n tN¿Øv kzco-I-cn®v D®-cn-°p-tºm-gmWv "sF' BIp-∂Xv Abv sF

sFj, Abvj, Bbnj

HmjvTy-a-[y-a-amb hIm-c-Øns‚ [z\n tN¿Øv kzo-I-cn®v D®-cn-°p-tºmƒ "Hu' BIp-∂p.

Hutk-∏v, Ahvtk-∏v, Ahp-tk∏v

sF, Hu F∂o Zznkz-\-ßƒ IqSn tN¿Øv kzc-ß-fpsS FÆw ]Øv + c≠v 12.

Cßs\ {Zmhn-Um-£-c-am-e-bn¬ kzc-ß-fpsS FÆw 12

kwkvIr-X-Ønse aq¿[\ykzc-amb E ae-bm-f-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ ]e kwkvIr-X-]-Z-ß-fnepw D≈-Xp-sIm≠v AXp-IqSn tN¿Øv 13 kzc-ßƒ.

Ejn, Irjn, Xr]vXn, Krlw, XrWw Cßs\ Ht´sd {]tbm-K-ßƒ 13 kzc-ßfpw 38hyRvP-\-ßfpw IqSn BsI A£-c-kwJy 51.

h¿’y-J-c-Øn\pw h¿’ym-\p-\m-kn-I-Øn\pw kz¥w en]n-bn-√. bYm-{Iaw d \ F∂oen]n-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. en]n-bn-√m-Ø-Xns‚ Hcp Ipdhpw A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. B A£-c-ßfpw ae-bm-f-Øn-ep-≠v.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

64

¢mkvdqw {]h¿Ø-\-Øn\pth≠n A[ym-]-I-¿ \SØp∂ ssZ\w-Zn-\m-kq-{X-WsØ klm-bn-°pIF∂ e£y-tØm-sS-bmWv "A[ym-]-I-k-lmbn' Xbm-dm-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. {]Xo-£nX ]T-\-t\- -ßƒ ssIh-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v ]mT- m-K-ßƒ°\p-kr-X-ambn ]T-\-{]-{Inb cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp∂Xn\v Bh-iyamb Nne \n¿tZ-i-ßfpw amXr-IIfpamWv CXnep≈-Xv. inip-tI-{μo-Ir-Xhpw {]h¿Ø-\m-[n-jvTn-Xhpw Adn-hp-\n¿Ωm-W-{]-{In-bbv°p {]m[m\yw sImSp-°p-∂-Xp-am-bn-cn-°Ww mjm-¢m-kp-I-fnse ]T-\m-¥-co-£w.

Hmtcm Ipń°pw kz¥w \ne-hm-c-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v mjm-¢m-kp-I-fnse {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°m\pw{]Xo-£nX ]T-\-t\- -ßƒ B¿Pn-°m\pw Ah-kcw e`n-°-Ww.

"A[ym-]-I-k-lm-bn'bn¬ kqNn-∏n® ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßsf kz¥w ¢mkvap-dn-bpsS kml-N-cy-Øn\vA\p-tbm-Py-ambn Bh-iy-amb {]{In-b-Iƒ Iqń-t®¿Øv ]cn-jvI-cn®v D]-tbm-Kn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

¢mknse n∂-\n-e-hmcØnep≈ Ipń-Iƒ°-\p-Kp-W-ambn CXnse ]T-\-{]-{Inb hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-°m≥ A[ym-]I¿ {ian-°-Ww.

bqWn-‰n¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Ønb ]mT- m-K-ß-fpsS Bi-b-]-chpw mjm-]-c-hp-amb khn-ti-j-X-Isf°pdn-®p≈ hni-Zo-I-c-WamWv bqWn-‰ns‚bpw ]mT- m-K-Øn-s‚bpw Bap-J-ambn sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

{]th-i-I-{]-h¿Ø-\sØ kw_-‘n® Ipdn∏v ]cn-tim-[n®v bp‡-amb Xc-Øn¬ ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø\wBkq-{XWw sNøm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

]mT- mKw Fßs\ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-W-sa∂v CXnse kqN-\-Iƒ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn A[ym-]nIBkq-{XWw sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv.

]mT-]p-kvX-I-Ønse ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS Dt±-iyw, {]{In-b-Isf kw_-‘n® hni-Zmw-i-ßƒXpS-ßnbh "A[ym-]-I-k-lm-bn'bn¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p. CXv ASn-ÿm-\-am°n ]mTm-kq-{X-Ww\S-Ømw.

]m-Tm-kq-{X-W-Øn\v klm-bn-°p∂ Nne hnhcßfpw hni-Zmw-i-ßfpw "A[ym-]-I-k-lm-bn'bnep≠v.Bh-iym-\p-k-cWw AXv {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.

`mjm-h-kvXp-X-Ifpw FUn-‰nMpw

Ipń-I-fpsS mj sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-I, mj-sb-°p-dn®v kq£vam-h-t_m[w P\n-∏n-°pI F∂o e£y-ß-tfm-sS-bmWv mjm-h-kvXp-X-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw FUn-‰nMpw D]-tbm-Kn-t°-≠-Xv.

]mT-]p-kvX-I-Ønse {]tbmKk-μ¿ -ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-Øn- k¿Km-fl-I-amb Xe-Øn-emWv`mjm-h-kvXp-X-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ \S-tØ-≠-Xv.

cN-\-Iƒ Ipń-Iƒ kzbw sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWp th≠-Xv. AXn\p klm-bn-°p∂ Xc-Øn-em-WvFUn-‰n-Mv {]{Inb Bkq-{XWw sNtø-≠-Xv. FUn-‰nMv Fß-s\-bm-hWsa∂Xp kw_-‘n® Nnehnh-c-ßƒ "A[ym-]-I-k-lm-bn'-bn¬ sImSp-ØXv Bh-iym-\p-k-cWw D]-tbm-Kn-°mw.

hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

]T-\-{]-{In-b-bv°n-S-bn¬ \S-t°-≠ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ L -ßsf kw_-‘n® kqN-\-Iƒ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn Ipń-I-fpsS kzbw-hn-e-bn-cp-Øepw ]c-kv]-c-hn-e-bn-cp-Øepw A[ym-]n-I-bpsS hne-bn-cp-Øepw \S-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.

Ipń-Iƒ°v kzbw hne-bncp-Øm\mbn "Rm≥ Fs∂-°p-dn®v' F∂ Hcp {]h¿Ø\w ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ \¬In-bn- p-≠v. Ipń-Iƒ kzbw sNtø-≠p∂ {]h¿Ø-\-am-W-Xv. A°mcy-Øn¬ A[ym-]n-I Ah¿°v Bh-iy-amb klm-b-ßƒ \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv.

So®¿sSIvÃv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ

F√mw ad-s∂m∂p-d-ßnb bma-ßƒFt∂-°p-am-b-kvX-an-®p-t]mbvC∂n\n \Ωn-sem-cm-fns‚ \n{Zbv°vat‰-bmƒ IÆna NnΩmsXImh¬ \n∂o-SWwC\n Rm\p-W¿∂n-cn°mw, \obp-d-ßp-I.

˛ H.F≥.-hn. im¿MvK-I-]-£n-Iƒ

a\p-j-y-Po-hnXw ]q¿W-am-Ip-∂Xv ]mc-kv]-c-y-Øns‚bpw kulr-Z-Øns‚bpw Cg-b-Sp-∏-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv. Hcmƒ°v H∂p-d-ßm≥ as‰m-cmƒ IÆna NnΩmsX Imh-en-cn-°p∂ Pohn-Xm-h-ÿ. temI-sØ-hn-sS-bp-ap-≠m-bn-´p≈ ]ptcm-K-a-\-]-c-amb am‰-ßƒ°p ]n∂n¬,Akz-ÿhpw Ac-£n-X-hp-amb PohnX ]cn-tXm-h-ÿ-I-fn¬ a‰p-≈-h¿°v th≠n kz-¥w kp-J-ßƒ Xy-Pn®p Pohn® kpa-\- p-IsfImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. XymKaq¿Øn-I-fmb {io_p-≤\pw alm-flm-Km-‘nbpw apX¬ kz¥w IpSpw-_-Øn\p th≠n ITn-\m-[-zm\w sNøp∂km[m-c-W-°m-cn-bmb ho´Ω hsc Ch-cpsS \nc- \o-fp-∂p.

kzm¿Y Xm¬∏-c-y-ßƒsIm≠v lcnXiq\-y-amb h¿Ø-am-\-Ime a\- p-Isf kvt\l-Øns‚bpw kmtlm-Z-c-y-Øns‚bpw Xfn-c-Wn-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn kzbw XyPn-°p-∂-h-cpsS D∂X PohnXaqe-y-ßƒ Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ klm-b-I-amb ]mT-ß-fmWv bqWn-‰n¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. H∏w Hmtcm hy-‡nbpw A\p- -hn-°p∂ ku`m-K-y-ßƒ°p]n∂n¬ as‰m-cm-fns‚ Xym-Khpw Bfl-k-a¿∏-Whpw Ds≠-∂p≈Xncn-®-dnhpw e£-y-am-°p-∂p.

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{]th-iIw

""ae-bmfw F∂ \me-£-c-a√, AΩ F∂ Hscm‰-£-c-am-sWs‚ ae-bm-fw.''

Ip™p-Æn-am-jns‚ hcn-I-fm-Wn-h. Ipń-Iƒ Cu IhnX ]Tn-®-t∏mƒ Ah-cn-ep-≠mb kzm-`m-hnI {]Xn-I-c-W-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ]{X-hm¿Ø-bmWv {]th-i-Iw. hm¿[-I-y-Øn¬ PohnXw ]n∂m-ºp-d-Øm-bn-t∏mb Hcp Iq´w hr≤cpsSIÆn¬ kvt\l-Øn\p th≠n-bp≈ Zmlw Is≠-Øp-I-bmWv Cu Ipń-Iƒ.CXv tIhew Hcp ]{X-hm¿Ø-b-√. ]T-\-Øn-eqsS kzmw-io-I-cn® kwkvImc-Øns‚ {]tbm-K-h¬°-c-W-am-Wv. hnZ-ym-`-ymkw aqe-ym-[n-jvTn-X-am-Ip-∂-Xns‚{]km-Zm-flI apJamWv Cu -hm¿Ø; apXn¿∂-h-cpsS temIw Dd-ßp-tºmgpwDW¿∂n-cn-°p∂ Ipń-Iƒ ka-Im-enI Pohn-XØn¬ {]Xo£ \¬Ip∂ImgvN.

Ipń-Iƒ N¿®sNøs´

Pohn-X-Øn¬ H‰-s∏-´p-t]m-b-h-sc-°p-dn®v At\z-jn-°m≥ Ipń-Isf t{]cn-∏n-®Xv F¥m-bn-cn°mw?

Ah¿°v Bi-zm-k-ta-Im≥ Ipń-Iƒ°v Fs¥√mw sNøm≥ Ign-™n-cn-°mw?

Ipń-Iƒ Gs‰-SpØ {]h¿Ø-\-tØmSv \nß-fpsS {]Xn-I-cWw F¥mWv?

Ipń-Iƒ°v kz¥w A\p-`-h-ßfpw ]¶p-h-bv°-mw.

CØcw k¬{]-hrØn-I-fp-sS ]n∂n¬ kpa-\- p-I-fpsS Hcp Iq´m-bva-bp-≠v; kl-Po-hn-Iƒ°v th≠n-bp≈ HØp-tN-c-ep-Iƒ. -kvIq-fnse CØcw {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬Ipń-Ifpw ]¶m-fn-I-fm-bn-´p-≠m-hp-a-t√m.

B]-Xv-L- -ß-fn¬ D≠m-Ip∂ Iq´m-bva-I-fn¬ hep-∏-s®-dp∏w D≠m-hm-dn-s√∂v Ipń-I-fpsS A\p-`-h-ß-fn¬ \n∂v t{ImUo-I-cn-°mw.

km{μkulrZwh≈w-Ifn Xncp-hnXmwIqdns‚ {]nb-s∏´ Hcp hnt\m-Zhpw BÀm-Z-I-camb hymbma-hp-am-Wv. [mcmfw \Zn-Ifpw Pem-i-b-ß-fp-ap≈ Hcp \mń¬ CØcw hnt\mZßƒ°v{]Nmcw e`n-°p-∂-Xn¬ B›-c-y-an-√-t√m. CXn\pth≠n D≠m-bn-´p≈ Km\-Im-h-y-ßƒ°v h©n-∏ms´∂v t]cp ]-d-bp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ A[zm-\-Øns‚bpwkwL-i-‡n-bp-sSbpw ]m´p-I-fmWv h©n-∏m-´v. kmln-Xy-KpWw sIm≠pw {]NmcwsIm≠pw ae-bm-f-Ønse G‰hpw {it≤-b-amb h©n-∏m-´mWv cma-]p-c-Øp-hm-cy-cpsS IptN-e-hr-Øw. CXn¬\n∂mWv Cu ]mT-`mKw FSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

IrjvWs‚bpw IptN-es‚bpw kulr-Z-Øns‚ ZrV-X-bmWv ]mT-`m-K-Øns‚A¥¿[m-c. Pohn-X-Øns‚ hn]-co-X-{[p-h-ß-fn¬ \n¬°p-tºmgpw Ah¿°n-S-bn¬kulr-Z-Øns‚ sXfna \nd™p\n¬°p-∂p. CØ-c-Øn-ep-ff Ahÿ cq]-s∏-´-Xn\v ImcWw Ah¿°v s]mXp-hmbn e`n® hnZ-ym-`-ym-k-am-Wv. cmP-Ip-am-c-s\bpwZcn-{Z-\mb {_m“WIpam-c-s\bpw hndIv tiJ-cn-°m≥ Hcpan®v Imń-te°p ]d-™-b-bv°p∂ Kpcp-hns‚ ka- m-h-\-bpw Kpcp-ISm£w- X-s∂-bmWv Pohn-X-hn-PbwF∂ inj-y-cpsS hni-zm-k-hpw {]iv\ßsf ssItIm¿Øv t\cn-Sp∂ inj-y-cpsS


C\n Rm\p-W¿∂n-cn°mw 69

-{]-h¿Ø\hni-I-e\w

sFI-y-t_m-[-hpw {]Xn-k-‘n-I-fn¬ injysc tXSn-sb-Øp∂ Kpcp-hns‚ Icp-Xepw

]mT-`m-K-Øn\v angn-th-Ip-∂p.

h©n-∏m´v Ah-X-cWwIpń-Iƒ h©n-∏m´v kwL-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

hyXykvX CuWw Is≠-Øm≥ A[-ym-]-Is‚ CS-s]-S¬ A`n-Imayw.bpSyq_n¬ h©n-∏m- ns‚ Ah-X-cWw e -y-am-Wv. Item¬k-h-ß-fnseHcp a¬kc C\-hpamWt√m CXv. {]mtZ-in-I-ambn h©n-∏m´p Iem-

Im-c-∑m-cpsS tkh-\hpw {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØmat√m.

hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ kqN-I-ßƒ

Xmfw

CuWw

`mhw

Du¿P-kz-eX

kwL-t_m[w

kqN-I-ß-fpsSASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬kwL-ßƒ]c-kv]cwhne-bn-cp-Ø-s´.

h©n-∏m´v ˛ Ncn-{Xw, sFXnlywtIc-f-Øns‚ kmwkvIm-cn-I- Po-hn-X-hp-ambn CgtN¿∂n-cn-°p-∂Xpw

sshIm-cnI_‘w ]pe¿Øp-∂-Xp-amb P\-Iob Ihn-X-I-fmWv \mS≥

]m´p-Iƒ. CØcw ]m´p-I-fn¬ Pem-i-b-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Km\-im-

J-bmWv h©n-∏m´v. \tXm-∂-X hrØ-Øn-emWv CXv cNn-®n-´p-≈-Xv.

hym-tkm-Xv]-Øn, IncmXw, \f-N-cn-Xw, cmam-b-Ww, DÆn-am-Wn-Iyw

F∂o h©n-∏m´p-I-fps≠¶nepw kmln-Xytkm]m-\-Øn¬ Nnc-

{]XnjvT t\Sn-bXv IptNe-hrØw h©n-∏m- v X-s∂. CXns‚ I¿Ømhv

cma-]p-cØv hmcy-cm-Wv.

C∂sØ ao\-®n¬ Xmeq-°n¬ Hcp Zcn{ZIpSpw-_-Øn¬ P\n® hmcy¿

D]-Po-h-\-am¿Kw tXSn ssh°-sØ-Øp∂p. AhnsS t£{X-Z¿i-\-

Øns\Ønb am¿Øm-fi-h¿Ωbv°v hmcy¿ Nne t«mI-ßƒ

ImgvNh®p. cmPm-hns‚ \n¿tZ-i-{]-Imcw At±-ltØm-sSm∏w Xncp-h-

-\-¥-]p-c-tØ°v ]pd-s∏-´p-sh∂pw bm{X-bv°n-S-bn¬ I¬∏-\-b-\p-k-

cn®v Fgp-Xn-bp-≠m-°nb IrXn-bmWv IptN-e-hrØw h©n-∏m-s´∂pw

sFXn-lyw. IrjvW-k-∂n-[n-bn-te°v Ah-ep-ambn t]mIp∂ IptN-

es‚ IY-bv°pw cmP-k-∂n-[n-bn-te°v Imh-y-hp-am-sb-Øp∂ cma-]p-

cØv hmc-y-cpsS Pohn-X-Øn\pw kam-\-X-I-fp≠v.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

70 tIcf]m-Tm-hen

IptN-e≥{ioIr-jvW-`-‡-\mb {_m“-W≥. kpZm-am-sh∂v bYm¿Y-\maw.

{ioIr-jvW\pw IptN-e\pw kmμo-]-\o-al¿jn-bpsS B{i-a-Øn¬

kl-]m-Tn-Iƒ. Kpcp-Ip-e-hn-Z-ym-`-ym-k-Im-eØv Hcn-°¬ Ccp-h-tcbpw

hndIv tiJ-cn-°m≥ Kpcp-]Xv\n Imń-te-°-b-®p. CSnbpw agbpw \nan-

Øw hgn-b-dn-bm≥ Ign-bmsX Hcp cm{Xn-ap-gp-h≥ Ah¿°v Imń¬ Ign-

®p-Iq-t´-≠n-h-∂p. Kpcp-Ip-e-hn-Z-ym-`-ym-k-Øn\p tijw Ah¿ c≠p

hgn°v ]ncn-™p.

]n¬°m-eØv {ioIr-jvW≥ Zzm-c-I-bpsS A[n-]-\mbn. IptN-e≥ IjvS-

∏m-Sp-Ifpw Zmcn-{Zyhpw \nd™ Hcp Krl-ÿm-{i-an-bm-bn-Øo¿∂p. Hcn-

°¬ ]Xv\n-bpsS At]-£-{]-Imcw Hcp s]mXn Ahep-ambn At±lw

IrjvWs\ ImWm≥ Zzm-c-I-bn-te°p Xncn-®p. kl]mTn-sb IrjvW≥

kt¥m-j-]q¿hw FXn-tc¬°p-Ibpw Gsd Xm¬∏-cy-tØmsS

Ah¬s∏mXn ]nSn-®p-hmßn hmcnØn∂pIbpw sNbvXp. k¬°m-c-

ß-sfms° kzo-I-cn°s∏´ k¥pjvSNn-Ø-\mbn AòjvSw tNmZn-

°m≥ t]mepw ad∂v IptN-e≥ XncnsIt∏m∂p. A-t∏m-tg°pw At±-

l-Øns‚ IpSn¬ Hcp aWnaμn-c-ambnØo¿∂n-cp-∂p.

(Ah-ew_w : `mK-hXw ˛ Zi-a-kvI-‘w)

Ipń-Iƒ Ihn-X-bnse ]g-b-Ime ]Z-ßƒ Is≠-Ø-s´

♦ sNtΩ

♦ ad-∂n-√√o

♦ Ipfp¿∂p

♦ ]p°v

♦

˛ CØcw ]Z-ßƒ C∂p {]tbm-K-Øn-ept≠m?

˛ ap≥¢m-kp-I-fn¬ CØcw hm°p-Iƒ Ipń-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏ń-´pt≠m?

IrjvW\n-ep-≠mb Hm¿Ω-Iƒ

Sn._n. {]h¿Ø\w, hmb\

IhnX hmbn®v Ipń-Iƒ IrjvW-\n-ep-≠mbHm¿Ω-Iƒ Is≠-Øs´.

kmμo-]\oKrl-Ønse H∂n-®p≈ Xmakw.

hndIp tiJ-cn-°m-\p≈ bm{X.

Imń-ep-≠mb kw`-h-hn-Im-k-ßƒ.

{]Xn-k-‘nsb AXn-Po-hn-®Xv.

Kpcp-hns‚ A\p-{Klw e`n-®Xv.

$ Ah-X-cWw$ N¿®$ IrjvWs‚

Hm¿Ω-Iƒ˛Ipń-Iƒ hy-‡n-K-X-ambn Ipdn∏vXbm-dm-°p-∂p.



Kpcp-Ip-e-Ønse ka-`m-h\

Bgn-a-I-fp-sam-cp-an-s®mcp Iń-t∑-e-t∂-c˛

tagm-Ωm-fn-I-ap-I-fn-en-cp-∂-cpfpw

Ggp-c-≠p-e-Ip-hm-gn-bmb Xºp-cm-s\-{Xbpw

Xmsg-Øs‚ hb-kys\ Zqc-Øp-I≠p

I≠m-se{X IjvS-sa-{Xbpw apjn™ Po¿W-hkv{Xw

sIm≠p X‰p-Sp-Øn-´p-Ø-co-b-hp-an´p

ap≠n¬ s]mXn™ s]mXnbpw apJy-amb ]pkvX-Ihpw

c≠pwIqSn I£-Øn-¶-en-Sp-°n-s°m≠pw

`{Z-amb `kvahpw [cn®p \a-kvIm-c-In-W˛

ap{Zbpw apJ-c-amb s]mfn-°p-S-bpw.

cp{Zm-£-am-e-bp-ta¥n \ma-Io¿Ø-\hpw sNbvXp

Nn{Zq-]-Øn-ep-d®p sNs©tΩ sN√pw

A¥-W-s\-°-≠n´v kt¥mjwsImt≠m Xky ssZ\yw

Nn¥n-®n-´p-≈n-ep-≠mb k¥m]w sImt≠m

F¥p-sImt≠m iucn IÆp-\o-c-Wn™p [oc-\mb

sN¥m-a-c-°-Æ-\pt≠m I-c-™n-´p-≈q.

]≈n-a-©-Øo∂p sh°-ap-∞m\w sNbvXn´p]°n˛

ep≈ ]cn-P-\-tØm-Sp-IqSn apIp-μ≥

D≈-gn™v Xmg-sØ-gp-∂≈n ]uc-h-c∑mcpw

sh≈w-t]mse Np‰pw-h∂p hμn-®p-\n∂p.

]mcm-hmc I¬∏-]-cn-hm-c-tØm-Sp-IqSn `‡˛

]mcm-b-W-\mb \mcm-b-W-\m-›cyw

]mcmsX sNs∂-Xn-tc‰p IptN-es\ Zo\-Z-bm˛

]mc-h-iy-tahw as‰m-co-iz-c-\pt≠m

amdsØ hnb¿∏p-sh≈w sIm≠p \mdpw kXo¿Yys\

amd-Øp-◊-tbmSv tN¿Øp KmVw ]pW¿∂p.

Iqdp-aqew Xrss°-sIm≠p ssI]n-Sn-®p-sIm≠p]cn˛

tIdn-s°m≠v e£vao-X¬∏-Øn-t∑-en-cpØn

]≈n-]m-Wn-I-sf-s°m≠v ]mZw Igp-In®p ]c≥

`s≈m-gn™v `K-hXn sh≈-sam-gn®p.

Cu hcn-Iƒ Ipń-Iƒ°v kwLØn¬ \¬Ip-∂p.

h¿j-ßƒ°p tijhpw IrjvWIptN-e-∑m-cpsS kulrZw Xo£vW-ambn\ne\n¬°p-∂p F∂p sXfn-bn-°p∂ hcn-Iƒ Is≠Ømw.

GgmwamfnIapI-fnse IrjvW≥ Xmsg aÆn¬ \n¬°p∂ IptN-es\ I≠p.

Iq´p-Im-cs\ I≠ kt¥mjwsImt≠m Ahs‚ ssZ\yw I≠p≈ ZpxJwsImt≠m Ic-™p.

]cn-hm-c-k-taXw FXn-tc-‰p.

KmVw ]pW¿∂p.

e£vao-X¬∏-Øn¬ Ccp-Øp-∂p.

]mZw Igp-Ip-∂p.

Ah-X-cWw

t{ImUo-I-cWw

ebmfwF´mwXcw

72 tIcf]m-Tm-hen

Cu lrZ-b-_‘w \ne-\n¬°m≥ IrjvWIptN-e-∑m¿°v hnZym-`ymkImeØve`n® A\p-`-h-kq-N-\-Iƒ ]mT-`m-K-Øp-\n∂v Is≠-Ømw.

Ipń-Iƒ Is≠-Øs´.

Hcp-an®p Ign-™Xv.

kulr-Z-ap-≠m-bXv.

hndIp tiJ-cn-°m≥ Hcp-an®v Imń¬ t]mbXv.

cm{Xn Ccp-ń¬ Duln-®-SpØv Hcp-an-®Xv.

At\ym\yw ssIIƒ tIm¿Øv {]Xn-k-‘nsb AXn-Po-hn-®Xv.

Kpcp-hns‚ A\p-{Klw Hcp-an®p t\Sn-bXv.

Kpcp-Ip-e-Ønse ka-`m-h-\-sb-°p-dn®v kwL-Øn¬ Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ Xbm-dm-°-s´.

hne-bn-cpØn sa®-s∏-SpØn t]m¿´vt^mfn-tbm-bn-te°v.

Xmsg sImSp-Ø Imh-y-`m-K-ßƒ Ipń-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-S-s´.

NßmXnImWp-t∂m-scm-s°bpw kvt\ln-X-∑m-c√

Imbn-√m-∏q-°ƒ ]e-Xp-ap≠v

an∂p-∂-sXm-s°bpw s]m∂√ kq£n-®m¬

It≠°mw ap°n≥ ]Wn-Ø-c-ßƒ

BS-ep-am-]Øpw IqSn hcp-t∂cw

IqsS-Øp-W®pw kl-I-cn®pw

CjvSw {]h¿Øn®pw sX‰p-Xn-cp-Ønbpw

IjvS-a-W-bp-tºmƒ IqsS \n∂pw

F∂pw ]ncn-bm-Xp-S-en-s\m-cw-iw-t]m¬

\n∂nSpw Iq´sc Iq´-cm-hq.

]mTm-e-b-Ønte {]mam-W-y-ap-≈-h¿]mh-ß-tfm-sSm-Øn-W-ß-ep≈q]©m-ar-X-°q´pw Rmh¬∏-g-ßfpw]¶ns-´-SpØp Ign-°-ep-≈q.

kl-]m-Tn-Iƒ ˛

_mem-a-Wn-b-Ω



ChbpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ C∂v hnZ-ym-e-b-Øn¬ \ne-\n¬°p∂ kulr-Zm-¥-co-£sØ°pdn®v N¿®sNø-s´.

]cn-K-Wn-°m-hp∂ LS-I-ßƒ

Ipń-Iƒ XΩnep≈ kulrZw.

Ipń-Ifpw A[-ym-]-Icpw XΩn-ep≈ kulrZw.

kvIqfp-am-bp≈ c£m-I¿Øm-°-fpsS _‘w.

N¿®sNbvX hnj-b-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Ipń-Iƒ Ah-cpsS hnZ-ym-ebkulr-Z--hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ A\p-`-h-°p-dn∏v Xbmdm°-s´.

Bflmwiw

`mhmfl-IX

DNn-X-amb `mj

sshhn-[yw

Ah-X-c-W-coXn

Cu kqN-I-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]c-kv]cw hne-bn-cpØn sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø-s´.A\p-`-h-°p-dn-∏p-I-fpsS ]Xn∏v Xbm-dm-°mw.

]mT- m-K-Ønse kμ¿`w B -°-Ym-Im-c≥ Bhn-jvI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv Fßs\ F∂pt\m°mw. Cu Imhy-k-μ¿`w Ipń-Iƒ°v ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

kmμo-]\n ap\n X≥ kZt\ bpK-]m-Zmhmw

thZmZn ]mTw sNbvX-[p\m hnkvar-X-amtbm?

thZ-hn-Zmw-h-cs‚ aZn-cm£o \ntbm-K-Øm¬

G[mwkn kam¿Pn-∏m≥ bmX-cm-b-Xp-ant√?

C‘-\-k-ºm-Z-\m\-¥csamcp Imń¬

A¥-Wm-[n-], hmWp k‘ybpw h∂p-IqSn

_‘w hn\m hrjvSn-bp-a-‘-Im-chpw sIm≠v

Xm¥-cmbv \Ωƒ h√o-_-‘-Øn¬ hmW-Xnt√

No¿Ø hmX-ò-Xn-bm¬ lkvX-ßƒ ]c-kv]cw

tIm¿Øv Xpd-∏n¬ ]m¿Øp cm{Xnsb \bn-®Xpw

am¿Øm-tfimZtb ap\n-k-Ø-a≥ \sΩ-°m-Wm˛

™m¿Ø-\mbv Xnc™p Is≠Øn h\-Øn¬ h∂p

]ns∂ \mw ap\n-tbm-Sp-sam-∂n®pStP sN∂p

hμn®p Zmcp-jfiw ap∂n¬shs®mcp t\cw

\μn®-\p-{K-ln®q [\y\mw ap\n \sΩ

A\yw Kpcp-I-Sm-£m-sem∂v thW-sa-∂pt≠m?

IptN-e-hrØw B´-°Y ˛ apcn-ßq¿ i¶-c≥ t]m‰n

ebmfwF´mwXcw

74 tIcf]m-Tm-hen

AΩΩIY-Iƒ t]mse-Xs∂ at\m-⁄hpw Dujva-f-hp-amWv Nne A\p-`-h-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ.Xs‚ Pohs‚ hnf°v sI´p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xn-\p-aptº t]c-°p-ń-I-fpsS PohnXw Xncn-\oń {]Im-in-∏n-°p∂ km[p-hmb Hcp hr≤-bpsS kl-\-Øns‚ t\¿°m-gvN-bmWv]n. kptc-{μs‚ "AΩΩ' Imń-Ø-cp-∂-Xv. AΩ-Ω-bpsS s]cp-Ip∂ k¶-S-ß-fpsS]›m-Ø-ew, IpSpw-_-_-‘-ß-fpsS IÆn A‰p-t]m-hm-Xn-cn-°m≥ AΩΩ H‰bv°vXm≠p∂ I\¬hgn-Iƒ Ch-sbms° ChnsS lrZy-ambn ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂p. IqSm-sX, Ipń-Iƒ°p-th-≠n- Pohn-X-Øns‚ IjvS-∏m-Sp-Iƒ Hcp \ntbm-K-ambn Gs‰-Sp-°p∂ AΩ-Ω-bpsS ImgvN-∏m-Spw Imhym-fl-I-amb mjbpw Cu Hm¿Ω-°p-dn-∏ns\khn-tijam°p-∂p. a‰p-≈-h¿°v th≠n Pohn-°p-tºm-gmWv PohnXw IqSp-X¬{]Im-i-]q-cn-Xhpw A¿Y-]q¿Whpw at\m-l-c-hp-am-Ip-∂-sX∂v IpńIƒ Xncn-®-dn-b-s´.

{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eqsS]mT-`mKw Ipń-Iƒ au\-ambn hmbn-°-s´.

GXm\pw t]¿°v Dds° hmbn-°m≥ Ah-k-cw.

N¿®

hmb\ \∂mtbm? F¥p-sIm≠v?

Is≠Ønb anI-hp-Iƒ/ ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ ]d-bm-\-h-kcw.

A\p-`hw/IY hmbn-®-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ {i≤n-t°-≠-sX-s¥√mw?

Ipń-Iƒ kzX-{¥-ambn Nn¥n-°s´.

{]ikvX U∫nMv Iem-Imcn mK-y-e-£van- "AΩ-Ω'- F∂ ]mT-`mKw hmbn-®-Xns‚HmUntbm tIƒ∏n-°mw.

Ah-X-c-W-Øn¬\n∂v IqSp-X-embn Is≠-Ønb Imcy-ßƒ Ipń-Iƒ°v ]d-bm≥Ah-k-cw.

i_vZ-hn-\ymkw

\n¿-Ø-ep-Iƒ

`mhm-fl-IX

XpS¿∂v ]mT-`mKw A©p `mK-ß-fmbn Xncn®v A©p kwL-ßƒ°p \¬Ip-∂p.

{Kq∏n¬ hmb\.

\∂mbn hmbn-®-h-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ Hcmƒ°v Hmtcm {Kq∏n¬\n∂pw hmbn-°m≥ Ah-kcw \¬Ip-∂p.

sF.-kn.Sn. km[y-X-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v HmUntbm sdt°m-UnMv \SØn Akw-ªn-bn¬ tIƒ∏n-°mw, A`n-\-μn-°mw.

A£-c-kv^p-SX,D®-Øn-ep≈ hmb\,

Bi-b-hy-‡X,as‰-s¥√mw?



kμ¿`-ßƒ Is≠-ØpI

""Aßs\ Ic-bp∂ HcΩΩ-sb Pohn-X-Øn¬ BZ-y-ambn ImWp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p.''

""AΩhnf°v DuXn-s°-SpØn ]d-°-ap-‰mØ aq∂p a°sf Ccp-ń-te°p X≈nAh-cpsS Ic-®n-ep-Iƒ°v ImXp-sIm-Sp-°msX Ah≥ Ftßmt´m HmSn-t∏m-bn.''

Fs‚ a°sf s]m∂p-t]mse t\m°-tW-sb∂v AΩΩ bmNn-°p∂ kμ¿`w.

Ipń-Iƒ kwL-ß-fmbn ]mT-`mKw hmbn®v IYm-k-μ¿`-ßƒ Is≠Øn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

AΩ-Ω-bpsS PohnX]›m-ØesØ°p-dn®v Ipń-Iƒ Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ Xbm-dm-°-s´.

AΩΩ X\n-®mWv.

AΩ-Ωbv°v t]c-°p-ń-Iƒ am{X-ta-bp-≈q.

AΩ-Ω-bpsS Pohn-X-e£yw AΩ-bn-√mØ Ipń-Isf \√ \ne-bn-seØn°p-I-bm-Wv.

hmbn®p Is≠-Ø-s´

AΩ-Ω-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Imhym-fl-I-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ {]tbm-K-ßƒ.

IÆo¿ Xnf-ßp∂ kqNn-bmbn.

s]mdp-Xn-sI´ P∑w.

Ic-®n¬ hSp-sI-ńb apJw.

tXhn-tØhn h‰n-t∏mb InW¿.

Is≠-Ønb {]tbm-K-ßƒ GXm\pw t]¿ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂p.

N¿-®

""IÆo¿ Xnf-ßp∂ kqNn-bmbn''.

AΩ-Ω-bpsS Fs¥√mw khn-ti-j-X-I-fmWv Cu{]tbm-K-Øn-eqsS shfn-hm-Ip-∂-Xv?

]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cpsS t]mepw IÆp \\-bn--°p∂ PohnXw.

(IÆo¿kqNn F∂p {]tbm-Kn-®-Xns‚ HuNnXyw.)

IjvS-∏mSv \nd™ PohnXw.

Ft∏mgpw Ic-tb-≠n-h-cp∂ Ahÿ.

N¿®-bn-eqsS IqSp-X¬ Bi-b-ßƒ Iqń-t®¿Øv t{ImUo-I-cn-°p-∂p.

{]kw-Kn°mw

IpSpw__‘-ß-fpsS XI¿® kw_-‘n® B[p-\n-I-Im-esØ ]{X-Ø-e-s°-´p-I-fpsS sImfmjv ]h¿ t]mbn‚ v {]k-t‚-j-\mbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°mw.

Ipń-Iƒ kwLß-fmbn, Xe-s°-´p-Iƒ Db¿Øp∂ {]iv\-ßƒ Is≠-Ø-s´.

Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp∂ hr≤-P-\-ßƒ.

XI-cp∂ IpSpw-_-_-‘-ßƒ.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

76 tIcf]m-Tm-hen

IpSpw-_-_-‘-ßƒ Dujva-f-am-tI-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy-I-X-sb-°p-dn®v Ipń-Iƒ hy‡n-K-X-ambn {]kwKw Fgp-Xn-Ø-bm-dm-°-s´.

H∂n®p hmbn®v sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

hnj-b-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Bi-b-ßƒ s]mXp-hmbn N¿®sNbvXv t{ImUo-I-

cn-°Ww.

{]kw-K-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Fs¥-√m-sa∂v s]mXp-hmbn N¿®sNø-Ww.

N¿®-bn-eqsS hnI-kn-∏n® kqN-I-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v {]kwKw ]c-kv]cw hne-

bn-cp-Ø-Ww.

{]kw-K-Øns‚ kabw \n›-bn-°-Ww.

{]kw-K-Øn-\m-h-iy-amb thZn ¢mkn-sem-cp-°Ww.

anI® {]kw-K-ßƒ kvIqfnse GsX-¶nepw s]mXp-th-Zn-bn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥

Ah-kcw \¬I-Ww.

{]kwKw

hnj-b-Øn\v A\p-tbm-Py-amb Bi-b-ßƒ N¿®sNbvXv {Ias∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. A`n-kw-t_m-[-\, Bap-Jw, D]-kw-lmcw F∂nh thWw. hnj-b-Øns‚ hyXykvXhi-ßƒ ]cm-a¿in-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. Bh-iym-\p-k-cWw D≤-c-Wn-Ifpw DZm-l-c-W-ßfpwD]-tbm-Kn-°mw. ka-ImenI kw`hKXn-I-fp-ambn ]c-am-h[n _‘n-∏n-°-Ww. ]d-bp∂ Imcy-ßƒ°v ]c-kv]-c-_-‘hpw ASp°pw Nn´-bp-ap-≠m-I-Ww. kz¥-amb\ne-]m-Sp-Ifpw ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Ifpw t{imXm-°sf t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øpw-hn[w hy‡-am-°-Ww. i_vZ-\n-b-{¥-Ww, D®m-c-W-kv p-S-X, Hgp-°v, mh-Øns‚bpw AwK-hn-t£-]-ß-fp-sSbpw \nb-{¥n-X-amb D]-tbm-Kw, Du∂-ep-Iƒ, \n¿Ø-ep-Iƒ F∂nh{i≤n-°-Ww. efn-Xhpw BI¿j-I-hp-amb mj-bm-bn-cn-°Ww.Be-¶m-cn-I-{]-tbm-K-ßƒ, \¿aw F∂nh HuNn-Xyt_m[-tØm-Sp-IqSn D]-tbm-Kn-°-Ww. Bfl-hn-izm-k-tØm-sS-bp≈\n¬∏pw apJ-`m-hhpw {]kw-K-I\v Bh-iy-amWv.

]Z-t®¿® Is≠Ømw

-H∂n-tesd ]Z-ßƒ tN¿∂p-≠mb kn\n-am-t∏-cp-Iƒ Ipń-Iƒ Is≠-Øs´.

DZm : amWn-Iy-°-√v, aWn-®n-{X-Øm-gv, ag-hn¬°m-h-Sn

Ipń-Iƒ Is≠-Ønb kn\n-am-t∏-cp-Isf LS-I-]-Z-ß-fm-°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Smw.

LS-I-]-Z-ßfnse Ah-km-\-sØbpw BZy-sØbpw h¿W-ßƒ tNcp-tºm-gp-≠m-Ip∂ hyXymkw Ipń-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn-b-s´.

Ah-bn¬\n∂v s]mXp-[m-c-W-bn¬ FØn-t®-cmw.

LS-I-]-Z-ßƒ IqSn-t®-cp-tºm-gp-≠m-Ip∂ hyXym-k-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ kn\n-am-t∏-cp-Iƒ ]ń-I-s∏-Sp-Ø-s´.

Ipń-Iƒ {]kw-Kn-°s´.hne-bn-cp-Ø¬



k-‘n-°p-∂Xv ˛ IqSn-t®-cp-∂Xv ˛ k‘n. h¿W-ßƒ IqSn-t®-cp-tºmƒhcp∂ hnImcw/am‰w k‘n.- mj-bpsS \b-a-\p-k-cn®pw D®m-c-W-ku-Icywap≥\n¿Øn-bp-amWv k‘n-bn¬ h¿W-hn-Im-c-ß-fp-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. k-amkwCXn¬\n∂v hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. c≠p-]-Z-ßƒ IqSn-t®-cp-tºmƒ {]tbm-K-Ønepw hnh-£-bnepw hcp∂ khn-ti-j-X-I-fmWv kamkßfn¬ hcp-∂Xv. k‘n h¿W-hn-Nm-c-Ønepw kamkw hmIy-hn-Nm-c-Ønepw hcp∂hymI-cW hnj-b-ß-fm-Wv.

`mjm-\bw : ae-bmf`mj-bn¬ c≠p kzc-ßƒ Iqń-t®¿°p∂ coXn-bn-√.kzc-kw-tbm-K-sam-gn-hm-°m≥ c≠p- h-gn-I-fp-≠v.

A{]-[m-\-ambn tXm∂p∂ kzcw Hgn-hm-°pI ˛ I≠p + C√ = I≠n√

c≠pw {][m-\-sa-¶n¬ a[y-Øn¬ Hcp hyRvP\w tN¿°pI Xncp + HmWw= Xncp-thm-Ww.

CXmWv tem]-k-‘n-bpsSbpw BK-a-k-‘n-bp-sSbpw ASn-ÿm-\-XØzw

{]m[m\yw ]c-]-Z-Øn-\m-sW∂v ImWn-°m≥ AhnsS ZrV-hy-RvP-\-Øn\vCc-ń∏v sImSp-°p-∂p. ssIX + N° ˛ ssIX-®°

tem]w, BK-aw, ZznXzw = `mjm-\bw

hn¨ + Xew = hn≠ew

h¿W-ßsf Htc ÿm\-tØ°v sIm≠p-h-c-Ww. ˛ kh¿W\w ˛ BtZ-i-k‘n

BtZiw ˛ D®m-c-W-ku-Icyw

IYm-]m-{X-\n-cq-]Ww ˛ AΩΩ

]mT-`mKw hmbn-°-s´.

IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Is≠-Øp-∂p.

at\m-Nn{Xw Xbm-dm-°mw.

$ cq]w, thjw$$

$ Pohn-X-]-›m-Øew$$

$ aqey-ßƒ$$

$ IYm-]m-{X-sØ-°p-dn®v Fs‚ ImgvN-∏mSv$$

$ a‰p-≈-h-tcmSp≈ CS-s]-S¬$$

$A\p-`-h-°p-dn-∏nseÿm\w$$

AΩΩ

ebmfwF´mwXcw

78 tIcf]m-Tm-hen

at\m-]Sw ]c-kv]cw ssIamdn sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø-s´.

Ipń-Iƒ AΩ-Ω-bpsS IYm-]m{X\ncq-]Ww Xbm-dm-°-s´.

GXm\pw t]cpsS Ah-X-c-Ww.

GXmWv anI-®Xv? F¥p-sIm≠v?

Ipń-Isf ]¶m-fn-I-fm-°n kqN-I-ßƒ Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

kqN-I-ßƒ$ IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn-™n-´p-≠v.

$ IYm-]m{Xw ]pe¿Øp∂ aqey-ßƒ a\- n-em-°n-bn-´p-≠v.

$ IYm-]m-{X-sØ-°p-dn®v kz¥w ImgvN-∏mSv cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p≠v.

$ DNn-X-amb `mj {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

kwLØn¬ hmbn®p hne-bn-cp-Øn sa®-s∏-SpØn Fgp-Xp-∂p.

t]m¿´vt^mfn-tbm-bn-te°v

hgn-bm{XsIm≠pw sImSpØpw ]¶p-h®pw apt∂-dp-tºm-gmWv PohnXbm{X k^-e-am-Ip-∂-Xv. X\n-°p-am-{X-ambn Hcp temI-an-s√∂v Hmtcm hy‡nbpw Xncn-®-dn-tb-≠-Xp-≠v.Adnhpw kvt\lhpw ]¶p-h®v PmXn-a-X-tZ-i- m-j-Iƒ°-∏p-d-tØ°p kulr-Z-ßƒhf-cp-tºm-gmWv a\p-jy\v kaq-l-Øn¬ \ne-\n¬∏p-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. Cu Icp-Xepw]¶p-h-bv°epw \jvS-am-Ip∂p F∂-Xm-Wv B[p-\n-I-Imew t\cn-Sp∂ {]Xn-k‘n.aqey-ß-fmWv a\p-jys\ kmaq-lnIPohn-bm-°p-∂Xv F∂v ]mT-`mKw t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. C.hn. IrjvW-]n-≈-bpsS "hgn-bm{X' F∂ teJ\w hnhn[Xcw bm{X-I-fpsS {]tXy-I-X-I-fn-te°v hmb-\-°m-cs\ Iqń-s°m-≠p-t]m-Ip-∂p.

{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eqsSbm{X-bpsS \nc-h[n hoUn-tbm-Iƒ C‚¿s\‰n¬ e -y-amWv. GsX-¶nepw Hcp sNdnb`mKw Ipń-Isf ImWn-°mw.

DZm "bm{X' ae-bmfw tUmI-yp-sa‚dn ssIemkv˛lnam-eb˛bm{X/ssIemk˛am\-k k-tcm-h¿ bm{X. bm{X-bpsS hnhn[ L´-ßƒ hoUn-tbm-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm≥ A[ym-]nI {ian-°-Ww.

hoUntbm {]Z¿i-\-Øn-\p-ti-jw

N¿®.

bm{X-bpsS hnhn[ Zri-y-ß-fm-Wt√m \nßƒ I≠-Xv. bm{X Fhn-tS-°m-bn-cp∂p?GsX√mw Zri-y-ß-fmWv IqSp-X¬ BI¿j-I-ambn tXm∂n-bXv?

bm{X- kpJ-I-c-am-Im≥ Fs¥√mw klm-b-I-am-bn-´p≠v?

$ hml\w

$ `£Ww

$ Xmakw

$ hm¿Øm-hn-\n-abw

tNmZ-y-ß-tfmSv Ipń-Iƒ kz-X-{¥-ambn {]Xn-I-cn-°-s´.

N¿®-bnse]¶m-fnØwhne-bn-cp-Ø-Ww.



{]Xn-I-c-W-Øn\p tijw tNmZyßƒ:

]≠v, Cu kuI-c-y-ß-sfm∂pw C√mØ ImesØ bm{Xsb°pdn-®m-tem-Nn-®p-

t\m-°q.

Fs¥√mw _p≤n-ap-´p-I-fm-bn-cn°pw Ah¿ A\p-`-h-n®n-´p-≠m-hpI?

Fß-s\-bm-bn-cn°pw Ah¿ bm{X B\-μ-I-cam°n am‰n-bn-´p-≠m-hpI?

Ipń-Iƒ au\-ambn Nn¥n-°-s´.

XpS¿∂v "hgn-bm{X' F∂ ]mT-`mKw hmbn-°m≥ \n¿tZiw \¬Ip-∂p.

au\hmb\

BZyw I≠ Zri-ym-\p-`-h-Øn¬ \n∂p hy-X-y-kvX-ambn ]mT-`m-K-hm-b-\-bn¬ \n∂pa\- n-em-°nb Imc-y-ßƒ Fs¥√mw?

]p\¿hm-b\ ˛ N¿®

Im¬\S-bm-bn-´mWv bm{X.

Xmakw, `£Ww F∂nh-bv°p≈ _p≤n-ap´v.

]cn-N-b-an-√mØ hoSp-I-fn¬ bm{XnI¿ AXn-Yn-I-fmbn kzo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

I≠p-ap-´p-∂-h-cp-ambn hy‡n_‘w ÿm]n-°p-∂p.

h≈-Øn-ep≈ bm{X-bnse kvt\l-_‘w {it≤-b-amWv.

IYm-Im-cs‚ ImesØ bm{Xm-\p-`-hw.

]mT-`mKw ho≠pw hmbn-°p∂p. Is≠Øn ]d-bp-∂p.]mT- m-K-Øn-s\m-Sp-hn¬ sImSp-Ø Bi-b-{K-lW tNmZ-y-ßƒ Nm¿ v/]h¿t]m-bn‚ v{]kt‚j\n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n°p∂p. Bh-i-y-sa-¶n¬ tNmZ-y-ßƒ Iqń-t®¿°mw.

? A\-y≥am-cpsS HuZm-c-y-Øn¬ ZrV-ambn hni-z-kn®psIm≠p≈Hcp t]m°mWv CXv. teJ-I≥ ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂Xv F¥mWv?hni-Z-am-°p-I.

? Ah¿ Aßs\ Ign-bp∂p Hcp IpSpw-_-Ønse AwK-ß-fm-bn-Ign-bp-∂p. bm{Xm-¥-y-Øn¬ bm{X-°m¿ FØn-t®-cp∂ Ah-ÿ-bmWv CXv. Cu bm{X-bn¬ Ah¿°v Fs¥ms° am‰-ß-fmWv D≠m-bXv?

? C∂sØ bm{X temI-]-cn-Nbw kºm-Zn-°p-∂-Xn\v klm-bn-°p-∂n√ F∂p teJ-I≥ ]d-bm≥ Imc-W-sa¥v?

Ipń-Iƒ kwL-ambn hmbn®p Is≠Øn A-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

DØ-c-ßƒ Ipdn-∏p-I-fm-°p-∂p.

N¿®-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm°mw

kμ¿`-ßƒ BI¿j-I-am-°m≥ IYm-Im-c≥ D]-tbm-Kn® X{¥w F¥v?

\¿Ωw Ie¿Øn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

]mT-`mKw ]cn-tim-[n®p Is≠-Ø¬.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

80 tIcf]m-Tm-hen

kwL-ambn hni-I-e\w sNbvXv hy-‡n-K-X-ambn Ipdn-°p-∂p.

Xnc-s™-SpØ kμ¿`-ß-fpsS HuNn-Xyw.

bm{X-bpsS Hcp-°-ßƒ. A]-cn-Nn-X-cmb c≠p-t]¿ kw`m-j-W-Øn-te¿s∏-Sp--∂Xv. ]c-kv]cw kplr-Øp-°-fmbn amdp-∂-Xv. ]pXnb ImesØ bm{X-bpsS hni-Zmw-i-ßƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

Ah at\m-l-c-am-°m≥ D]-tbm-Kn® ]Z-ßƒ.

tIkp-Im-cyw im∏mSv

hmI-y-`wKn

s]mXnt®mdpÆm-Ø-h\pw sN¶Æphcm-Ø-h\pw PohnXkpJw A\p- -hn-®n-

ń-s√-∂mWv Hcp ]d-®n¬.

Ah-X-c-W-coXn

Hcp km[m-cW PohnXkμ¿`w Fß-s\-bmWv hmb-\-°m-cn¬ Nncnbpw Nn¥bpw DW¿Øp-∂Xv F∂v N¿®-bn¬hni-I-e\w sNøpIbpw Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°m≥ \n¿tZ-in-°p-Ibpw sNø-Ww.

bm{X-bnse sshhn-[yw ˛ Xmc-X-ayw sNømw

Sn._n. {]h¿Ø\w hmb\.

Ipń-Iƒ ]mTw kwLØn¬ hmbn-°p-∂p. ]mT-`m-KØp ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ hy-X-ykvX Ime-ß-fnse bm{X Iq´mbn Is≠-

Øp-∂p. khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ t\m´v]pkvX-I-Øn¬ Ipdn-°p-∂p. khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Fs¥√mw?

N¿®-bnse CS-s]-S¬,apt∂m-´p-hbv°p∂

Bi-b-ß-fpsS anIhv,Ah-X-cWw F∂nh

hne-bn-cp-ØWw.

Im¬\-S-bmbn k©-cn®Imew

• h≠n-bn√, h≈-an-√.

• tlm´-ep -I-fn -√. s]mXn -t®mdv IcpXpw.

• A\-ycpsS HuZm-cy-Øn¬ZrV-ambn hni-z-kn-°p-∂p.

• hgn-bm-{X-°m¿°v tNmdp-sIm-Sp -°pI [\-hm≥am-cpsS IrXyw.

• bm{X ]e- _-‘-ßƒ°pwImc-W-am-bn.

h≈-Øn¬ Ibdn bm{X-sN-bvX -Imew

• \m\m-PmXnaX-ÿcpwH∂n®p-≠mIpw.

• ]c-kv]cw ASp -Øn-S -]gIpw.

• IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-sf-t]mse s]cp-amdpw.

• ]c-kv]cw Bibhn\n-abw \S°pw.

C.hn.-bp-sS- Imew

• Xoh≠n-bp-≠v.

• ]c-kv]-c-_-‘wIpd-bp-∂p.

• tlm´-ep-Iƒ

• B¿°pw BtcmSpwkwkm-cn-°m≥kab-an√.

••



\mw Pohn-°p∂ ImeØv CXn¬\ns∂ms° hy-X-y-kvX-ambn Fs¥√mamWvImWm≥ km[n-°p-∂Xv?

thK-Øn¬ e£yw ssIh-cn-°p-∂p. AXn\m¬ kl-bm-{Xn-I-tcmSpt]mepw

A[nI-w _‘w ]pe¿Øm≥ Ign-bp-∂n-√.

A\ysc IqSp-X¬ B{i-bn-°p-∂n√.

Bg-Øn-ep≈ hy‡n-_‘w Ipd-bp∂p.

t¢i-ßƒ Ipd™ bm{X-I-fmWv C°m-eØv.

tNmZ-y-tØm-Sp≈ {]Xn-I-c-W-ßƒ Ipń-Iƒ t\m´v_p-°n¬ Ipdn-°p-∂p.

hyXykvX Ime-L-´-ß-fn-se bm{X-Iƒ, kuI-c-y-ßƒ, ]c-kv]-c-_-‘w, a‰p

Imcy-ßƒ F∂nh Xmc-X-ayw sNbvXv Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°-s´.

AhX-cWw

s]mXp-N¿®

Iqń-t®¿°¬

A¿Yhy-X-ymkw Is≠Ømw

AXn¬ ]{¥-≠n-S-ß-gn-bpsS tNmdpw hgn-bm-{X-°m-cmWv X´p-∂Xv.

Fs∂ Cßs\ Xń-°-fn-°-cpXv.

Xń-°-fbpw \ns∂- Rm≥.

Sn._n. {]h¿Ø\w Nm¿ńtem t_m¿Untem FgpXn {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p.

hy-‡n-K-X-ambn A¿Yw Is≠-Øp-∂p. t\m´v_p°n¬ Fgp-Xp-∂p.

s]mXpN¿®

BZ-y-hm-I-y-Øn¬ "Xn∂p-∂Xv' F∂pw c≠m-a-tØ-Xn¬ "hy-‡n-X-zsØ ]cn-K-

Wn-°msX Atßm´pantßm´pw am‰pI' F∂pw aq∂m-a-tØ-Xn¬ "sIm∂p-I-f-bpw' F∂pamWv t{ImUo-I-cn-t°-≠-Xv. Htc ]Zw Xs∂ hy-X-ykvX kμ¿`-ßfn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºm-gp-≠m-Ip∂ A¿Y-h-y-X-ymkw Ipń-I-fpsS {i≤-bn¬sIm≠p-h-c-Ww.

IqSp-X¬ DZm-l-cWßƒ Is≠Øn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

Fs‚ At]£ Xm¶ƒ Xń-°-f-b-cp-Xv.

hnh-cWw Xbm-dm°mw

]mT-`m-K-Øns‚ {]th-iIw apXep≈ Imc-y-ßƒ Ipń-Iƒ°v ]p\¿hn-Nn-¥\w

ebmfwF´mwXcw

82 tIcf]m-Tm-hen

sNøm≥ Ah-k-c-sam-cp-°-Ww. XpS¿∂v N¿®-bn-eqsS {]h¿Ø-\-Øn-te°p \bn-°-Ww.

N¿®

$ bm{X-Iƒ tIhew ImgvN-bpsS A\p-`-h-ßƒ am{X-amtWm {]Zm\w sNøp- ∂Xv?

$ \nßƒ \S-Ønb GsX-¶nepw bm{X-bpsS A\p-`-h-ßƒ ]¶p-hbv-°mtam?

GXm\pw t]¿°v Ah-kcw \¬Ip-∂p.

Ipń-Iƒ Is≠-Øp∂ khn-ti-j-X-I-fn¬ {][m-\-s∏-´h t_m¿Un¬ Ipdn-°p-∂p.

˛ bm{X-bn¬ I≠p-ap-´p-∂-h¿

˛ Ah-cpsS kz-`mhw

˛ Pohn-X-coXn

˛ Pohn-X-km-l-N-cyw

˛ thjw

˛ ÿe-ßƒ

˛ {]tZ-i-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ

˛ `£Ww

kzm-\p- -h-ß-fpsS ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ N¿®-bn¬ Dcp-Øn-cn-™p-h∂ Imc-y-ßƒ IqSnDƒs∏-SpØn Ipń-Iƒ hnh-cWw Xbm-dm-°s´.

GXm\pw t]cpsS Ah-X-cWw.

s]mXp-N¿®

So®¿th¿j≥ Ah-X-cWw.

sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø¬

t]m¿´vt^mfn-tbm-bn-te°v.

IqSp-X¬ bm{Xm-hn-h-cW `mK-ßƒ Ipń-Iƒ Is≠Øs´.



D]-\-ymkw Xbm-dm-°mw

Sn._n. {]h¿Ø\w, hmb\

D]-\-ymkhnjbw kwLØn¬ N¿®sNøp-∂p.

Iq´mbn bqWn‰v hmb-\bpw N¿®bpw.

]mT-`m-KØp ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ `mK-ßƒ Is≠-Øp-∂p.

hy-‡n-K-X-ambn Ipdn-°p-∂p.

s]mXpN¿® ˛ Iqńt®¿°¬

Bi-b-]Sw Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

kl-Po-hn-I-tfmSv IcpW

Pohn-X-bm-{X-bn¬kq£n-t°≠

aqe-y-ßƒ

]c-kv]ckvt\lw

hni-zmkw

ka-`m-h\

kX-y-k-‘Xklm-bn-°m-\p≈ a\ v

a\ vXpd°¬

Bib]Sw c≠p-t]-cpsS {Kq∏n¬ hmb\ ˛ sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø¬

D]-\-ymkw ˛ hy-‡n-K-X-c-N\


anI-®-tXXv? F¥p-sIm≠v?

kqN-I-ßƒ cq]o-I-cn-°p-∂p ]c-am-h[n Bi-b-ßƒ Dƒs°m-≈n-®n-´p-≠v.

Bi-b-ßƒ {Iao-I-cn-°¬.

Bibßfpw \ne]m-Sp-Ifpw hmb-\-°m-cn¬ FØn-°m≥ ]‰nb mj (]Z-ßƒ, {]tbm-K-ßƒ, ssien-Iƒ).

D]-\-ym-k-Øns‚ LS\ ]men-®n-´p-≠v. (XpS-°w, {][m-\m-i-b-ßƒ hni-Zo-I-cn-°¬, JfinImIc-Ww, D]-kw-lm-cw).

\nco-£-W-ßfpw \ne]m-Sp-Ifpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v.

IqSp-X¬ hmb\ ˛ At\-z-jWw ˛ sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø¬

sa®-s∏-´h t]m¿´vt^mfntbmbnte°v

D]-\-ymkw, t]m¿´vt^mfntbm hne-bn-cp-Ø-Ww.

]c-kv]c hne-bn-cp-Ø¬,{it≤-b-am-bhbpsS tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø¬.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

84 tIcf]m-Tm-hen

--Rm≥ Fs∂-°p-dn®v aq∂p ]mT- m-K-ß-fn-sebpw ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-b-t∏mƒ

Nne {][m\ taJ-e-I-fn¬ Ipń-°p-≠mb ]ptcm-KXn kzbw hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-am-Wn-Xv

Hmtcm {]kvXm-h\ sIm≠pw Dt±-in-°p-∂-sX-¥m-sW∂v A[ym-]-I≥N¿®-bn-eqsS hy‡-am-°n-s°m-Sp-°-Ww.

]q¿W-ambn, mKn-I-ambn, Ipd-®p-am{Xw F∂o tXmXp-I-fn-emWv anI-hp-Iƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xv. Ah-sb-ßs\ \n¿W-bn-°m-sa∂v ¢mkn¬N¿®sNø-Ww.

{]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ \S-Øp-tºmƒ X\n°v kzbw A\p- -h-s∏´ Imcy-ßƒ,]c-kv]chne-bn-cp-Ø¬, A[ym-]I hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ F∂nh h®v Ipń-Iƒ kzX-{¥-ambn kzbw hne-bn-cpØn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWv th≠Xv.

hne-bn-cp-Ø-ep-Iƒ ]c-am-h[n Xt∂m-Sp-Xs∂ kXy-k-‘X ]pe¿Øp-∂-h-bm-I-Ww. CXv Ipń-Isf t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ A[ym-]nI {ian-°Ww.

A[ym-]-I-cpsS km∂n-[y-Øn¬ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ \S-Øp-∂-Xm-Wp-Nn-Xw.

knwl-`qan ˛ Fkv.-sI. s]ms‰°m´v

]mXn-cm-kq-c-ys‚ \mń¬ ˛ Fkv.sI. s]ms‰°m´v

_men-Z-zo]v ˛ Fkv.sI. s]ms‰°m´v

ss\¬Ubdn ˛ Fkv.sI. s]ms‰°m´v

Im∏n-cn-I-fpsS \mń¬ ˛ Fkv.sI. s]ms‰°m´v

cho-{μs‚ bm{X-Iƒ ˛ cho{μ≥

\√ ssla-h-X-`q-hn¬˛ Fw.]n. hotc-{μ-Ip-am¿

a‰p-≈h

bm{X kw_-‘n® Sn.hn. Nm\epIƒ.

bm{X kw_-‘n® tªmKp-Iƒ.

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-ßƒ

{]IrXn at\m-l-cn-bm-Wv....-{]-`m-a-bn-bm-Wv. {]Ir-Xn-bpsS `mh-hy-Xym-k-ßƒ qan-bnse F√m Poh-Pm-e-ß-sfbpw kzm[o-\n-°p-∂p. Im¿jnIkwkvIm-c-Øn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-amb Hcp Pohn-X-{I-a-am-bn-cp∂p \ΩptSXv.AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ BNm-c-ßƒ, A\p-jvTm-\-ßƒ, D¬k-h-ßƒ,BtLm-j-ßƒ F∂n-ßs\ Hcp hy‡n-bpsS Pohn-XsØ _m[n-°p∂F√m LS-I-ß-fnepw {]Ir-Xn-bpsS {]Xy£tam ]tcm£tam Bbkzm[o\w ImWmw. Pohn-X-Øn¬ am{Xa√, Pohn-X-Øns‚ Bhn-jvIm-c-amb kmln-Xy-Ønepw {]IrXn Hcp {]tem-`-\-ambn, {]tNm-Z-\-ambn\nd™p\n¬°p-∂p.

{]IrXnkuμ-cy-Øns‚ G‰hpw \nd-∏-In-´p≈ ]q°m-esØ alm-IhnIpam-c-\m-im≥ ]mSn-∏p-I-gvØnb Ihn-X-bmWv "hk-¥-Imew'. Ihn-X-bn¬Cßs\ ]d-bp∂p.

""]q°p-∂nXm ap√ ]q°p-∂n-e™n]q°p∂p tX≥amhv ]q°p-∂-timIwhmbv°p∂p then°v h¿W-ßƒ]q-hm¬tNm°p∂p ImS-¥n-ta-Lßƒ t]mse''

Cu Imhy- m-KØp \n∂v Bibw Dƒs°m-≠mWv bqWn‰ns‚ io¿jIw\¬In-bn-cn-°p∂Xv. io¿jI-Øns‚ kq£vahpw ÿqe-hp-amb Xe-ßƒDƒs°m-≈p-∂-XmWv bqWn-‰nse ]mT- m-K-ßƒ.

kwkvIm-chpw {]Ir-Xnbpw XΩn-ep≈ At`-Zy-_-‘-sØ-°p-dn®v Ipń-Ifn¬ hy‡-amb [mc-W-bp-≠m-tI-≠Xv AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. {]Ir-Xn-sb\ne-\n¿tØ-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy-IX Ipń-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn-b-Ww. Ah \ΩpsSPohn-XsØ Fßs\sb√mw kzm[o-\n-°p-∂p F∂p t_m[y-s∏-S-Ww.B[p-\nIkaq-l-Øn¬ CØcw Xncn-®-dn-b-ep-Iƒ C√m-Xm-bn-t∏m-Ip∂pF∂ bmYm¿Yyhpw Dƒs°m≈-Ww. AtXm-sSm∏w {]Ir-Xn-ku-μcyw{]ta-b-ambnhcp∂ hyXykvX kmln-Xy-im-J-I-fpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm≥ Ipń-Iƒ°v Ah-kcw e`n-°Ww.

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hn.Sn. `´-Xn-cn-∏m-Sns‚ "shSn-h´w' F∂ kam-lm-c-Øn¬\n∂v FSp-Ø Bfl-

IYmkv]¿in-bmb "]q°fpw B≠-dp-Xn-Ifpw', sI.]n. A∏s‚ "{]tIm-]-

\ßfpsS ]pkvXIw' F∂ IrXn-bn¬\n∂p≈ "Im¿ap-In-en\v KZy-Øn¬ Hcp

A¿®-\m-KoXw' F∂ teJ-\w, tNe-∏-dºv \ºq-Xn-cn-bp-sSbpw \me-∏m v \mcm-b-

W-ta-t\m-s‚bpw ap‡-I-ßƒ F∂n-ßs\ aq∂p ]mT-ßfmWv Cu bqWn-‰n¬

Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

{]Ir-Xn-ku-μ-cyhpw kwkvIm-chpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w Xs‚ _mey-Im-eØv Fß-

s\-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂-Xns‚ t\¿km-£y-amWv hn.-Sn-bpsS teJ-\-Øn¬ ImWm≥

Ign-bp-I. {]Ir-Xn-bpsS Zo]vX-amb `mhß-fn-sem-∂mb taLw Fgp-Øp-Imsc

F∂pw tamln-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. taLw Fßs\ kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-I-fn¬ ]cm-a¿in-°-s∏-

ń-cn-°p∂p F∂v hmb-\m-\p- -h-Øn-eqsS hy‡-am-°p-I-bmWv sI.]n. A∏≥ Xs‚

teJ-\-Øn¬. {]Ir-Xn-ku-μ-cy-Øns‚ aq¿Øhpw kq£va-hp-amb Xe-ß-fmWv

ap‡-I-ß-fn¬ A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

A°n-Ø-Øns‚ "hnjp-Ø-te∂v' F∂ Ihn-X-bn¬ \n∂p≈ Nne hcn-I-fmWv{]th-i-I-ambn \¬Inbn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. hnjp-°m-eØv s]m∂n¬ Ipfn-®p-\n¬°p∂{]Ir-Xn-bpsS kuμ-cy-Øn¬ tamln-X-\mb Ihn B kuμ-cysØ X\n°vhm°p-I-fn-eqsS Bhn-jvI-cn-°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-Xns‚ ZpxJw ]¶p-hbv-°p-I-bm-Wv.Xs‚ Imhy- m-h\bv°v Cu kuμ-cysØ ]q¿W-ambpw Dƒs°m-≈m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-Xn¬ Ihn \ncm-i-s∏-Sp-∂p. As√-¶n¬ Cu kuμ-cysØ B¿°mWv ]q¿W-ambpw Bhn-jvI-cn-°m≥ Ign-bpI F∂ kwi-bhpw D∂-bn-°p-∂p.

hnjp-hns‚ kuμcyw Bkz-Zn-°m≥ ]qºm-‰bv°v Ign-bp-∂p (sIm-∂-bn¬\n∂v]cm-K-tc-Wp-°ƒ DÆm≥ hcp∂ {]tXy-I-Xcw ]qºm-‰-Ifp≠v. CXv Ipń-bpsS{i≤-bn¬s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww). ]t£, C{X-b-[nIw HmW-ap-≠n´pw hnjp-°Wn I≠n´pw{]Ir-Xn-ku-μ-cy-Øn¬ apgpIm≥ X\n°v Ign-bp-∂n-√ F∂v Ihn Bi¶s∏-Sp∂p.

{]th-i-I-Øns‚ Cu Bi-b-Øn-te°v IS-°m≥ Nne tNmZy-ßƒ D∂-bn-°p∂p:

{]IrXn GsX√mw ka-b-ß-fn-emWv IqSp-X¬ kuμ-cy-h-Xn-bm-Ip-∂Xv?

Imhy- m-KØv Ihn Bhn-jvI-cn-°p∂ {]IrXnkuμ-cymw-i-ßƒ GsXm-s°-bmWv?

Cu kuμ-cy-Øn¬ ]q¿W-ambn Bdm-Sm≥ X\n°v Ign-bp-∂n√ F∂v Ihn ]d-bp-∂Xv F¥psIm-≠mhmw?

{]th-i-I-{]-h¿Ø\w


hmbv°p∂p `qan°v h¿Wßƒ 89

N¿®-bn¬ Dcp-Øn-cn-™p-h-cp∂ Bi-b-ßƒ A[ym-]nI t{ImUo-I-cn-°-Ww.

♦ Hmtcm ImeØpw {]Ir-Xn°v mh-am-‰-ß-fp-≠m-Ip∂p.

♦ Hmtcm mh-Øn\pw AXn-t‚-Xmb kuμ-cy-ap≠v.

♦ {]Ir-Xn-ku-μcyw h¿W-\m-Xo-X-amWv.

♦ k¿KmflIcN-\bv°v AXns‚ kuμcyw ]q¿W-ambn Dƒs°m≈m\m-In√.

♦ {]IrXn a\p-jy\v kuμ-cym-\p- q-Xn-Iƒ ]I-cp∂p.

♦ hnjp sFiz-cy-Øns‚ {]Xo-I-amWv.

♦ a\p-jys‚ F√m sFiz-cyhpw {]Ir-Xn-bpsS kΩm-\-amWv

\¬In-bn-cn-°p∂ kqN-\-I-fn-te°v IS-∂p-h-c-Ø-°-hn[w N¿®-bn¬ CS-s]-tS-≠-Xm-Wv.

ο N¿®sNbvX Bi-b-ßƒ Ipdn-°p-∂p.

ο ssIamdn hne-bn-cp-Øp∂p.

ο sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p.

ο s]mXp Ah-X-cWw.

Ihnsb {àn -∏n® Cu kuμcyw C∂pw \ne -\n¬°p∂pt≠m F∂ eLpN¿®bpw ¢mkn¬ \SØmw.

]q°fpw B≠-dp-Xn-Ifpw

"]q°fpw B≠-dp-Xn-Ifpw' F∂ Bfl-I-Ym-]-c-amb teJ-\-Øn¬ tIc-f-Øns‚KX-Ime kuμ-cymw-i-ßƒ Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv hn.Sn. {]Ir-Xn-bpsS ck-X{¥w Pohn-X-sØ, BNm-c-ß-sf, Irjnsb, BtLmjßsf Fßs\ kzm[o-\n-°p∂p F∂v Cu Hm¿Ω-°p-dn-∏n¬ ]d-bp∂p. Hmtcm EXp-hnepw {]Ir-Xn-°p-≠m-Ip∂ `mh-am-‰-ßƒ, AXv `qan°v \¬Ip∂ kuμcyw, AXv Pohn-X-]-cn-k-csØ Fßs\ kzm[o-\n®p Fs∂ms° Cu teJ-\-Øn¬\n∂v hmbn-s®-Sp-°mw.Bcm-[-\, Im¿jn-tIm¬k-h-ßƒ, BNm-c-ßƒ, D¬k-h-ßƒ F∂n-h-bn¬ ]q°-fpsS kzm[o-\-sa¥v F∂pw hn.Sn. hnh-cn-°p-∂p. C∂v AsX√mw \jvS-s∏-´p-I-gn™p F∂ thZ-\bpw At±lw ]¶p-h-bv°p-∂p-≠v.

]mTm-h-X-cWw

A[ym-]nI GXm\pw ]q°ƒ ¢mkn¬ {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p. Ah C\w Xncn®v hnhn[kwLßƒ°v \¬Ip-∂p. Hmtcm ]qhpw GsX√mw Pohn-X-km-l-N-cy-ß-fn-emWv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-sX∂v Ipń-Iƒ Is≠Øn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

(\-ΩpsS kwkvIm-chpw BtLm-j-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ]q°ƒ Xnc-s™-Sp-°m≥{i≤n-°p-a-t√m). hnjp, HmWw, Xncp-hm-Xnc XpS-ßnb BtLm-j-ß-fn¬ ]q°ƒFßs\ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p F∂ N¿® \S-Ø-Ww.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

90 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

t]mb-Im-eØv \ΩpsS kwkvIm-csØ ]q°ƒ Fßs\ Ae-¶-cn-®n-cp∂p F∂v ]mT-`m-KØp \n∂v Ipń-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´. AXn-\mbn au\-hm-b-\bv°v Ah-kcw \¬I-Ww.

kwkvIm-chpw ]q°fpw

]q°-fpsS kzm[o-\w, EXp-°fpw BtLm-jßfpw F∂n-ßs\ Bi-b-ß-fn-te°vFØn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn Ipń-Isf {Kq∏p-I-fm-°mw. ]q°sf°p-dn®v ]cm-a¿in-®n-cn-°p∂`mKhpw EXp-°fpw BtLm-j-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ mKhpw c≠v ]nco-Up-I-fmbn]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-Ø-hn-[-Øn¬ N¿® {Iao-I-cn-°Ww.

Ipń-Isf ]q°ƒ, EXp-°fpw BtLm-j-ßfpw F∂v c≠p Iq-ámbn Xncn-°p-∂p.AXXv hnj-b-ßƒ Hmtcm kwLØn\pw e`n-°-Ø-°-hn[w tNmZy-ßƒ tNmZn-°p-∂p.

hn.-Sn-bpsS ImeØv ]q°ƒ GsX√mw Xc-Øn¬ Pohn-X-hpambn _‘-s∏- n-cp∂p?

tIc-fsØ ]q∏m-en-I-bmbn I¬∏n-®-Xns‚ HuNn-Xy-sa¥v?

GsXms° EXp-°-sf-°p-dn-®mWv teJ-\-Øn¬ ]cm-a¿in-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv?

Cu EXp-°-fn¬ hcp∂ BtLmjßƒ Gh?

Ipń-Iƒ Bi-b-ßƒ Is≠-Øp∂p. ¢mkn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. Ipdn-∏m-°p-∂p.ssIamdn hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂p.

t{ImUo-I-cWw

]q°ƒ°pw EXp-°ƒ°pw ]g-b-Im-eØv BtLm-jßfn¬ IrXy-amb

kzm[o-\-ap-≠m-bncp∂p.

]q°fpw B≠-dp-Xn-Ifpw \ΩpsS kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ mK-am-bn-cp∂p.

Ch \ΩpsS Pohn-XsØ kzm[o-\n-®n-cp∂p.

KZy-Ønse Imhy`mj

""Nmap-fin-°m-hns‚ ap‰Øv ]qØp-\n¬°p∂ Ip¶paw Cu hnt\m-Z-th-f-bv°p≈Ifn-hn-f°v \m -emWv''.

A[ym-]-I≥ hmIyw Fgp-Xnb Nm¿ v {]Z¿in-∏n-°p∂p

tNmZyw

Nmap-WvUn-°m-hns‚ ap‰Øv Ip¶paw ]qØp F∂Xn\p ]Icw Cßs\ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂p. CXv kμ¿ -Øn\v \¬Ip∂ kuμcyw F¥mWv?

A[ym-]-Is‚ t{ImUo-I-cWw.

]qØp-\n¬°p∂ Ip¶p-aw, Ifn-hn-f°p \m´¬ F∂o hm°p-Iƒ Iqń-t®¿Øv hmbn-°p-tºmƒ khn-ti-j-amb A¿Yhpw Bi-bhpw e`n°p∂p.



t{ImUo-I-cWw

KZy-Ønepw Imhy- m-j-bmImw; Be-¶m-cnI mj-bm-Imw.

Be-¶m-cnI mjm-{]-tbmKw khn-ti-j-amb Bi-bm-\p- qXn krjvSn-°p∂p.

Cßs\-bp≈ khn-tij{]tbm-K-ßƒ ]mT- m-KØp ImWmw. mj-bpsS kuμcywhy‡-am-°p∂ Bhn-jvIm-c-amWv CØcw {]tbm-K-ßƒ. KZy-Ønepw Ihn-X-bmImw,As√-¶n¬ IhnX Xpfp-ºp∂ KZy- m-j-bp≠v F∂v CØcw {]tbm-K-ß-fn-eqsS Ipń°vt_m[y-s∏-S-Ww.

kam-\-ambh ]mT- m-K-Øp-\n∂p Is≠-Øm≥ Bh-iy-s∏Smw.

]qØp-\n¬°p∂ Ip¶p-aw, Ifn-hn-f-°p-\m- ¬

Ifn-hn-f°p \m´¬ Hcp Ie-bpsS Bcw-`-Øn¬ sNøp∂ {]hr-Øn-bm-Wv. Ifn-hn-f°v Fß-s\-bmtWm Ac-ßns\ {]Im-in-∏n-°p-∂Xv, AXp-t]mse ]q°ƒ X\n-°p-Np-‰p-ap≈ {]Ir-Xnsb at\m-l-c-am-°p-∂p. am{X-a√, ]qØp-\n¬°p∂ acw IØn-®p-h® \ne-hn-f-°p-t]m-se-bmWv F∂ kmcq]yI¬∏\-bpw ChnsS hmbn-s®-Sp-°mw.hnf°v sFiz-cy-Øns‚ {]Xo-I-am-Wv. B \nebv°v ]q°ƒ sFiz-cy-Øns‚ {]Xo-I-amWv F∂v hn.Sn. ]d-bp-∂p, ]q°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ F\n-°m-h-Xnt√, F∂ Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°-cpsS IhnX Ipń Ggmw ¢mkn¬ ]cn-N-b-s∏- -Xm-Wv. {]Ir-Xn-bpsS mh-am-‰-ßƒXmt\ kw -hn-°p-∂-XmWv F∂pw Ipń Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.

Cu EXp th\¬®q-Sn-eqsS Cg-™n-g™p \oßp∂p

th\¬ ISpØ Ak-lyX D≠m-°p∂ EXp-hm-Wv. Cu EXp Cg-™n-g-™p-t]m-Ip∂p F∂p ]d-bp-tºmƒ th\¬ IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xnse Ime-Xm-akw teJ-I≥hyRvPn-∏n-°p-∂p. AtXm-sSm∏w Cu th\-ens‚ ImTn-\ysØ Cg-™p-t]m-Ip∂k¿∏-ambn hmbn-s®-Sp-°mw. th\¬°mew Ign-bp-∂n-√t√m F∂ D¬°-WvTbpwCXn¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

t]Snkz]v\w t]mse Xqßn-\n¬°p∂ Ime-h¿jw

I¿°S-I-amkw hdp-Xn-bp-sS \mfp-I-fm-Wv. thebpw Iqen-bp-an-√mØ ]™-°¿°-SIw ]g-b-Im-eØv Gsd òXn-Z-am-bn-cp-∂p. sUtam-¢n-kns‚ hmƒ t]mse Xqßn-\n¬°p∂ C°mew km[m-c-W-°m¿°v F∂pw t]Sn-kz-]v\-am-Wv. Xqßn-\n¬°p∂pF∂ {]tbm-Kw Ime-h¿j-s∏-bvØns‚ cq]sØ hyRvPn-∏n-°p∂p.

\ma-]-Z-Øn¬\n∂p \maw

temIsØ kw_-‘n-°p-∂Xv euInIw

A[ym-]-I≥ Nm¿ń¬ {]Z¿in-∏n-°p∂p.

Cu ]ZßfpsS khn-ti-jX F¥mWv?

temIw F∂ ]Z-Øn¬\n∂v cq]-s∏´ as‰mcp ]-Z-amWv euIn-Iw. Cu ]Zhpw kz`mhw sIm≠v \maw Xs∂bm-Wv. Cßs\ Hcp \ma-Øn¬\n∂pa‰p \ma-]-Z-ßƒ \njv]m-Zn-∏n-°m-\m-hpw.

]mT- m-K-Øp-\n∂v kam-\-]-Z-ßƒ Is≠-Øm≥ Bhiys∏Sp∂p

ùXnIwIm¿jn-Iwss\Xn-IwsshZnIwBflo-bw

ebmfwF´mwXcw

92 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

Is≠-Ønb ]Z-ßƒ GXp \ma-]-Z-Øn¬ \n∂v \njv]m-Zn-∏n-°-s∏-´-XmWv F∂pIs≠-Øm≥ Ipń-I-tfm-Sm-h-iy-s∏-Smw.

]Z-ß-fpsS IqSn-t®-c¬

BSv πmhns‚ Ce Xn∂p.

BSv πmhne Xn∂p.

A[ym-]nI hmIy-ßƒ ¢mkn¬ {]Z¿in-∏n-°p∂p.

πmhns‚ Ce F∂-Xn\p ]Icw πmhne F∂v ]Z-ßƒ Iqń-t®¿Øp {]tbm-Kn-®-t∏mƒ mjm-]-c-amb F¥p ta∑-bmWv ImWm≥ Ign-bpI F∂p Is≠-Øm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p.

♦ hm°p-Isf XΩn¬ _‘n-∏n-°p∂ LSIw ({]-Xyb-ßƒ) Hgn-hm-°-s∏-

Sp∂p.

♦ AXp-hgn ]Z-ßƒ IqSn-t®-cp-tºm-gp≈ D®m-cW kuIp-amcyw.

♦ tIƒhn-kpJw

♦ IqSp-X¬ HXp-°hpw wKn-bp-ap-≠m-Ip∂p.

♦ Bi-b-hy-‡X

]mT- mK-Øns‚ Ah-km-\-Øn¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ Icm-c-hnμw F∂ ]Zw Ac-hnμwt]mep≈ Icw F∂mWv LS-I-]-Z-am°n sImSp-Øn- p-≈-Xv. kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw Ic-am-Ip∂ Ac-hnμw At√ F∂v Ipń-Iƒ°v kwibw tXm∂mw. Cu ]Zw cq]-I-amWvF∂p tXm∂n-∏n-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ AXv cq]-Im- m-k-am-Wv.

""Dƒ∏q-ap-Jm-c-hn-μmZn

Xp—-am- m-k-cq-]Iw''

F∂v "`mjm`qj-'W-Øn¬ e£Ww ]d-bp-∂p.

cq]-I-Øn\v D]-am-\Ønt‚-XmWv {Inb hcp-I; D]-ta-b-Øn-t‚-X-√. ChnsS D]-tab]Z-amb Ic-tØmSv tN¿∂mWv {Inb hcp-∂-Xv, Ac-hnμw F∂ ]Z-tØmSv tN¿∂-√.AXp-sIm-≠mWv ChnsS cq]-Im- m-k-am-sW∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv. AXn-\m-emWv Ic-am-Ip∂Ac-hnμw F∂Xv icn-bm-ImsX hcp-∂-Xv.

IqSp-X¬ ka-kvX-]-Z-ßƒ ]mT- m-K-Øp-\n∂p Is≠Øn Fgp-Xm-\m-h-iy-s∏-Smw. hni-I-e\w sNømw. {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ Dd∏n°mw.

apJ-{]-kwKw

]mTØns‚ A-\p-_-‘-ambn sImSp-Ø {]h¿Ø-\-Ønse kqN-\Iƒ ¢mkn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

kqN-\Ifn-eqsS HmWw, hnjp, Xncp-hm-Xnc F∂o BtLm-j-ß-fpsS {]m[m-\yhpwAXn\v Im¿jnIhrØn-bp-am-bp≈ _‘hpw Ipń-I-fn-se-Øn-bn- p-≠v.



A[zm\-Øn-eqsS e`n-°p∂ kar≤n A\p- -hn-°p-Ibpw AXn¬ BÀm-Zn-°p-IbpwsNøpI F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p ]g-b-Ime kaq-l-Øns‚ BZ¿iw F∂p Ipń-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn-™n- p-≠v.

Nne tNmZy-ßƒ D∂-bn°mw

]g-b-Ime Pohn-X-Øns‚ Fs¥√mw Nn{X-ß-fmWv ]mT- m-KØv Bhn-jvI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv?

Im¿jn-I-hr-Øn°v \¬Inb {]m[m-\y-sØ-°p-dn®v Fs¥√mw kqN-\-I-fmWv \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv?

Irjn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏ v GsX√mw D¬k-h-ß-fmWv ]mT- m-KØv ]cm-a¿in-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv?

B[p-\nIkaqlw Irjn°v F¥p ÿm\-amWv \¬Ip-∂Xv?

Irjn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-´mtWm hn.Sn. ]cm-a¿in-®n-cn-°p∂ D¬k-h-ßƒ C∂p\mw sIm≠m-Sp-∂Xv?

CØcw D¬k-h-ßƒ°v ]g-b-Im-e-Øp-≠m-bn-cp∂ aqeyw \mw \¬Ip-∂pt≠m

N¿®

XpS¿∂v N¿®-bnse Bi-b-ßƒ Dƒs°m≠v Irjnbpw BtLm-jhpw \ΩpsSkwkvIm-c-hp-ambn Fßs\ _‘-s∏- n-cn-°p∂p F∂v hni-I-e\w sNøp∂ Hcp apJ-{]-kwKw Xbm-dm-°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p.

Ah-X-cWw

A[ym-]nI {]apJ ]{X-ß-fn¬ \n∂p tiJ-cn® apJ-{]-kwK amXr-I-Iƒ {Kq∏n¬hnX-cWw sNøp-∂p. apJ-{]-kw-K-Øns‚ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ kqN-I-ßƒ N¿®-bn-eqsSt{ImUo-I-cn-°p∂p.

♦ Xe-s° v

♦ {]iv\w/hnj-b-hn-i-I-e\w

♦ B¿P-h-ap≈ mj.

♦ ASp°pw Nn -tbm-sS-bp-ap≈ Ah-X-cWw.

♦ kz¥w ho£-Ww, ka-{KX.

♦ ]cn-lmc\n¿tZiw

♦ {]k-‡-amb D≈-S-°w, kw£n-]vXX.

sa®-s∏-SpØn Fgp-Xp-∂p.

hy‡n-K-X-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂p.

sa®-s∏- Xv t]m¿ vt^mfn-tbm-bn-te°v tN¿°p∂p.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

94 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

B≠-dp-Xn-Iƒ

]gb ImeØv tIc-fo-b-Po-hnXw Im¿jn-I-hr-Øn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏- -Xm-bn-cp-∂p. EXp-∏-I¿®-I-fmWv Im¿jn-I-hr-Ønsb \n¿W-bn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. \Sp-∂-Xn\pw hnf-sh-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\p-sa-√mw IrXy-amb \mƒ°-W-°p-Iƒ \ap-°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. \Sepw hnf-sh-Sp-∏p-ambn _‘-s∏- -Xm-bn-cp∂p \ΩpsS BtLm-j-ßfpw D¬k-h-ß-fp-sa-√mw. CØ-c-Øn¬ \Soepw hnf-sh-Sp-∏p-ambn _‘-s∏-´m-Wv \ΩpsS B≠-dp-Xn-I-fpw. HmtcmB≠dpXnIfpw hyXykvXXc-Øn-ep≈ ]q°-fpsS Imew IqSn-bm-Wv.

Rm‰p-the

Rmb¿ F∂m¬ kqcy≥ F∂¿Yw. kqcys‚ k©mcw F∂ A¿Y-Øn-emWvRm‰pthe F∂p {]tbmKn°p∂Xv. AizXn, `cWn XpSßn 27\£{XkaqlßfneqsS kqcy≥ Hcp sIm√wsIm≠v k©cn°p∂p.tPymXn»mkv{X{]Imcw taSw H∂n\mWv h¿jw Bcw`n°p∂Xv. taSØn¬\n∂pXpSßn Hcp Rm‰pthebn¬ ct≠Im¬ \£{XafießfneqsS kqcy≥IS∂pt]mIp∂p. Cßs\bp≈ Rm‰ptheIfn¬ XncphmXnc Rm‰pthebmWv{]ikvXhpw {][m\hpambXv. Im¿jnIhrØnbpw Rm‰pthebpw _‘s∏´vInS°p∂p.

im¿MvK[ckwlnX

kwkvIr-X-Ønse Bbp¿thZ {KŸw. im¿MvK-[-c≥ F∂ BNm-cy-\mWv I¿Ømhv.AjvSmw-K-lr-Z-b-Øn\v tij-amWv CXns‚ cN-\. Huj[\n¿am-Ww {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂G‰hpw ]pcm-X\{KŸ-am-Wn-Xv. im¿MvK-[-c-kw-ln-X-bn¬ \n∂v FSpØ hr£m-bp¿th-Z-Øn\v sI.-]-Zva-\m- -]n≈imkv{Xn ae-bmf hymJym\w cNn-®p.

sI.]n A∏s‚ {]tIm]\ßfpsS ]pkvXIw, F∂ kamlmcØn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp∂teJ\amWv Im¿apInen\v KZyØn¬ Hcp A¿®\mKoXw, taLw F∂{]]©{]Xn`mksØ°pdn®p≈ sshb‡nIm\p`hßƒ teJ\Øn¬ sI.]n.A∏≥ ]cma¿in°p∂p. H∏w Cw•ojv, {Ko°v kmlnXyØnepw ss__nfnepwtaLI¬∏\Iƒ F{]-Im-c-amWv F∂ A-t\z-j-Whpw Cu teJ-\-Øn-ep≠v. ]n.Ip™ncma≥\mb¿ F∂ kuμtcym]mkI\mb Ihn°v taLw Fßs\A\p`hs∏´p F∂ ]cma¿ihpw CXn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp∂p.

teJ\Ønse Bi-b-ßsf Cßs\ t{ImUo-I-cn°mw.

♦ taLw teJ-I\v Fßs\ A\p- -h-s∏-Sp∂p?

♦ thUvkvh¿Øv, tª°v, Io‰vkv F∂nh-cpsS taL-I¬∏-\-Iƒ Fs¥m-s°-bmWv?

♦ {Ko°v Nn¥-I-cpsS taL-]-cm-a¿i-ßƒ.

Im¿apInen\v KZyØn¬ HcpA¿®\mKoXw



♦ ss__n-fnse taL-I¬∏-\-Iƒ.

♦ ]n.- Ip-™n-cm-a≥ \mb¿°v taLw F¥mWv?

taLI¬∏\Iƒ

taLw {]IrXnkuμcyØns‚ ASbmfamWv, AXv FgpØpIm¿°v F∂pw{]tNmZ\ambncp∂p F∂ [mcWbp≠mIWw. H∏w taLkuμcyw BkzZn°m\p≈at\m`mhw D≠mIm\pw taLw {]tabambn hcp∂ IrXnIƒ hmbn°m\pw IpńIfn¬Xm¬∏cyap≠m°Ww.

¢mkn¬ taL-Øns‚ Nne hoUntbmIƒ {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p. (Nn{X-tam kn\namKm\-ßtfm D]-tbm-Kn-°mw. tUm. _nPp-hns‚ BIm-i-Øns‚ \ndw XpS-ßnbh...)

hy‡n-K-X-ambn A\p- hw Ipdn-°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂p.

]mT- m-K-Øn--se Nne taL-I¬∏-\-Iƒ Nm¿ń¬ {]Z¿in-∏n-°p∂p.

(GIm-In-bmb taLw, taLw ssZh-Øns‚ tXcv, taLw BIm-i-Øn¬ Idp-Ø-knwlw t]mse \n¬°p-∂-Xmbn tXm∂pw).

Nm¿ńse I¬∏-\-Ifpw kz¥w \nco£Wßfpw Xmc-Xayw sNøm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂p.

tNmZy-ßƒ D∂-bn-°p∂p.

♦ taL-sØ-°p-dn®v sI.-]n.- A-∏s‚ Indp-°p-Iƒ, Fs¥√mw?

♦ GsX√mw Cw•ojv Ihn-I-fmWv teJ-\-Øn¬ ]cm-a¿in-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv? Ah-cpsS taL-I¬∏-\-Iƒ F¥v?

♦ teJ-\-Øn¬ ]cm-a¿in-°-s∏- n-cn-°p∂ {Ko°vNn¥-I-cn¬ taLw DW¿Øp∂I¬∏-\-Iƒ Fs¥m-s°-bmWv?

t{ImUo-I-cWw

taLw Nn¥-I¿°pw kmln-Xy-Im-c≥am¿°pw {]tNm-Z-\-ambn amdn-bn- p-≠v. Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw taL-I¬∏-\-Iƒ hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. Hmtcm taL-I¬∏-\bv°pw X\-Xmbkuμ-cy-ap≠v. k¿Km-fl-I-c-N-\sb klm-bn-°p∂ km¿h-eu-In-I-amb hnj-b-amWvtaLw. I¬∏-\-I-fpsS kzX-{¥-temIw AXv Xpd-∂n-Sp∂p.

k¿Km-fl-I-c-N\

Ipń-Ifn¬ k¿Km-flI cN-\m-tijn hf¿Øm≥ DX-Ip∂ {]h¿Ø-\-am-Wn-Xv. {]Ir-Xnsb \nco-£n-°m\pw sshIm-cn-Im-\p- -h-ßsf CjvS-s∏´ hyh-lm-c-cq-]-Øn¬ Bhn-jv°-cn-°m\pw Ipń-Isf t{]cn-∏n-°-Ww.

tNmZy-ßƒ

♦ taLw sI.-]n. A∏\v F{]-Im-c-sa-√m-amWv A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂Xv?

♦ taL-ß-fpsS Img vN \nß-fn¬ CØ-c -sa -s¥-¶nepw tXm∂¬D≠m°nbn´pt≠m?

ebmfwF´mwXcw

96 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

taL-]-cm-a¿i-ap≈ Nne Imhy- m-K-ßƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p.

So®-dpsS CS-s]-S-temsS Ipń kmam-\y-amb A\p- -h-]-cn-Nbw t\Sp∂p.

A\p- hXew Dƒs°m≠v Hmtcm Ipńbpw CjvS-s∏´ hyh-lm-c-cq-]-Øn¬ (Ip-dn∏v,Ihn-X, Nn{Xw, IY....) AXv Bhn-jvI-cn-°-s´.

XpS¿∂v Ah-X-cWw.

ssIamdn hne-bn-cp-Ø¬.

sa®-s∏-Sp-Øn-bp≈ Ah-X-c-Ww.

Bh¿Ø-\-Øns‚ kuμcyw

""{]hm-l-k-∂-≤-ambn \n¬°p∂ Im¿taLw {]hm-l-k-∂-≤-ambn \n¬°p∂a\ pt]m-se-bm-Wv, {]hm-l-k-∂-≤-ambn \n¬°p∂ IhnX t]mse-bm-Wv, {]hm-l-k-∂-≤-ambn \n¬°p∂ Bi-b-ßƒ t]mse-bmWv''

So®¿ hmIyw ¢mkn¬ {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p. tNmZy-ßƒ D∂-bn-°p-∂p.

♦ ]Z-ßƒ Bh¿Øn-°p-∂-XpsIm≠v kμ¿`-Øn\v khn-ti-j-`wKn e`n°p-∂pt≠m?

♦ CØcw Bh¿Ø-\-ßƒ Bi-b-X-e-sØ sa®-s∏-SpØp-∂pt≠m?

Nne kμ¿`-ß-fn¬ Nne hm°p-I-fpsS Bh¿Ø\w Bi-b-Xo-{h-X, khn-ti-jXF∂nh krjvSn-°p∂p F∂p Ipń Xncn-®-dn-b-Ww.

t{ImUo-I-cWw

♦ ]Z-ß-fpsS Bh¿Ø\w kμ¿ -Øn-te°v hmb-\-°m-cs‚ khn-ti-j-{i-≤sbIqń-s°m-≠p- t]m-Ip-∂p.

♦ hmIy-ßƒ°v ]Zy-Øn-se-∂-t]mse khn-ti-j-amb Xmfw e`n-°p-∂p.

♦ KZy- m-j-bpsS Imhym-fl-I-amb {]tbmKw Adn™vBkz-Zn-°m≥ Ign-bp∂p.

s]øm≥ shºn\n¬°p∂ Im¿ta-LsØ {]hm-l-k-∂-≤-amb taLw F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]e A¿Y-[z-\n-IfpwAS-ßn-bn- p-≠v. A\n-›n-X-Xz-Øns‚ kuμcyw AXnep-≠v.GXp- k-a-bØpw s]mń-ho-gm-hp∂ ag-bpsS Cc-ºhpwi‡nbpw Ipfn¿abpw Cu {]tbm-K-Øn-ep-≠v. s]mń-ho-gp∂ag-sh≈w ]pXp-Xm-bn-cn-°p-a-t√m. Cu khn-ti-j-X-I-sf√mwa\- n-t\mSpw Ihn-X-tbmSpw Bi-b-tØmSpw A\z-bn®v hni-ZoI-cn-°m≥ Ah¿°v Ign-bWw. AXn-te°v \bn-°p∂ tNmZy-ßƒ D∂-bn-°m-at√m

Is≠-ØnbBi-b-ßƒ IpńIpdn-∏m-°p∂p,Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂p,sa®-s∏-SpØnFgp-Xp-∂p.



Acn-tÃm-^-\okv ˛ _n.kn. 450 ˛ 385

{]mNo\ {Koknse G‰hpw {]ap-J-\mb ip`m¥ \mS-I-IrØv. At±-l-Øns‚ Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn®v A[n-I-hn-h-c-ß-sfm∂pw e`n-®n- n-√. \mS-I-c-N-\-bn¬ {]tbm-Kn-®n- p≈hnj-b-ssh-hn-[yhpw hnIm-cm-hn-jvI-cW kma¿Yyhpw A`n-\-b-k-t¶-X-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Adnhpw h®p-t\m-°n-bm¬ hniz-\m-S-I-th-Zn-bn¬ Xs∂ kap-∂-X-amb ÿm\wAt±-l-Øn-\p-≠v. 55 ip`m¥\mS-I-ßƒ cNn-®p F∂p hniz-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. mh-kp-μ-c-amb Ihn-X-Ifpw t{]a-I-Y-Ifpw D]-Pm-t]m-Z-¥-ßfpw ]pcm-W-kw-`-h-ß-fpsSlmkym-\p-I-c-W-ßfpw kmam-\y-P-\-ß-fpsS ssZ\w-Zn-\m-\p- -h-ßfpw \nd-™-h-bmWvAcn-tÃm-^-\o-kns‚ \mS-I-ßƒ. ]£n-Iƒ, hr≤r¿, Xh-f-Iƒ, taL-ßƒ, P\-Iobk` XpS-ßn-bh {]kn-≤-Ir-Xn-I-fmWv.

taL-ßƒ

CXv _n.kn. 423¬ Acn-tÃm- -\okv cNn® ]cnlmk\mS-I-am-Wv. tkm{I- o-kns\]cn-l-kn-®p-sIm≠mWv Cu \mSIw cNn-°-s∏-´-Xv. Hcp [ym\m-e-b-Øns‚ ÿm]-I\pw Ub-d-IvS-dp-sa∂ \ne-bn-emWv tkm{I-ókv cwKØv {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.At±lw injy≥am-cp-samØv ]e ]cn-lm-ky-amb kn≤m-¥-ß-sfbpw Ipdn®v AhnsSBtem-N-\-Iƒ \S-Øp-I-bm-Wv. okv sImSp-°p∂ Bscbpw GXp hnj-b-Ønepw˛ hnj-b-Øns‚ \∑,- Xn∑-Iƒ t\m°msXXs∂ ˛ bp‡n-hmZ Ipi-eXsIm≠v{]Kev -cm-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂v At±lw Xpd∂p {]Jym-]n-°p-∂p-≠v. s{k]vkn-bm-UnkvFs∂mcp AYo-\n-b≥ hr≤≥ At±-lsØ kao-]n-°p-∂p. Abm-fpsS aI≥ oUn-∏n-Unkv IpXn-c-I-fn-ep≈ {àw sIm≠v Abmsf ]m∏-c-ØØns‚ h°n¬ FØn-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. "Aß-bpsS B hnin-jvS-Ie ISw hoSmsX c£-s∏-Sm-\p≈ hmZ-Iu-i-ew Fs∂ ]Tn-∏n-°m≥ At]-£n-°p-∂p. Aßv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂ GXp okpwX∂p-sIm-≈m-sa∂v Rm\nXm kz¿K-Øns‚ t]cn¬ kXyw sNbvXp-sIm-≈p-∂p' F∂vAbmƒ tkm{I-ó-kn-t\mSp ]d-bp-∂p. tkm{I-ókv kΩXw \¬Ip∂p. F¶nepwB hr≤\v ]Tn-°m-\p≈ Ignhv Xosc Cs√∂p {ItaW sXfn-bp-∂p. ASp-Ø-XmbnôUn-∏n-Unkv tkm{I- o-kns‚ injyXzw kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw hfsc Ffp-∏-Øn¬ hmZ-I-em-Ip-i-eX kºm-Zn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. B kn≤nsb bphmhv BZyw {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv Xs‚ ]nXm-hns\ ASn-®-a¿Øp-∂-Xn\pth≠n-bm-Wv. hr≤s‚ {]h¿Ø-\ßsf√mw A\p-Nn-X-am-sW∂v Abmƒ hmZn®v ka¿Yn-°p-∂p. c≠mw -cw-K-Øn¬aq¿Øo-Ir-X-amb \ymb-hm-Zhpw A\ym-b-hm-Zhpw cwKØp h∂v oUn-∏n-Un-kns‚Bflm-hn\v th≠n hmZn-°p-∂Xpw ]cn-lm-ky-amb coXn-bn¬ Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂p-≠v.HSp-hn¬ tkm{I-ó-kns\ A`bw {]m]n-®-Xns‚ ê-ambn h∂p-Iq-Sp∂ hn]-cyb-ßƒ I≠p {Ip≤-\m-bn-Øo-cp∂ s{k]vkn-bm-Unkv Hcp IØn-°m-fp∂ ]¥-hp-ambn[ym\m-e-b-Øns‚ ta¬°q-c-ta¬ Ib-dp-Ibpw AXv IØn®v \new-s]m-Øn-°p-IbpwsNøp-∂p.

kyqkv XpS-ßnb AYo-\n-b≥ ({Ko-°v) tZh≥amsc tkm{I-ókv Ah-tl-fn-°p-∂p-s≠-∂p≈ Btcm-]-Whpw BZy¥w Cu IrXn-bn-ep-≠v. kyqkn\v ]Icw Im‰v,sImSp-¶m-‰v, izmtkm-—zm-kw, iq\yX F∂nh-sbm-s°-bmWv ]pXnb tZh≥am-cmbntkm{I-ókv k¶¬∏n-°p-∂-Xv. tkm{I-ó-kns‚ {]m¿Y-\m-^-e-ambn Cu ]pXnbtZh≥am¿ ]m¿\kv ]¿h-X-Øns‚ apI-fn¬ \n∂v taL-am-e-I-fn¬ Ibdn `qan-bn-te°v Ah-X-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂mWv "taL-ßƒ' F∂ t]cv Cu tIma-Un°v Inń-bXv.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

98 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

tkm{I-ókv

GY≥kn¬ s]cn-¢o-kns‚ c-W-Im-e-Øns‚ A¥y-L- -ß-fn-emWv tkm{I- okv Pohn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. _n.kn. 469-\-Sp-Øm-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚ P\-\w. {Koknse {]apJ XØz-im-kv{X-⁄-\mbn At±lw amdn. kz¥w Poh≥ A]-I-S-Øn-em-Ip-sa-∂-dn-™n´pw\nb-a-Øn\v \nc-°mØ {]hr-Øn-Iƒ At±lw sNbvXn-√. tkm{I- o-kns‚ _p≤n-i-‡nbpw kz`m-h-ssh-in-jvSyhpw At±-l-Øn\v Xs‚ ka-Im-eo-\-cmb _p≤n-Po-hn-I-fpsS CS-bn¬ A\n-X-c-km-[m-c-W-amb kzm[o\w \¬In.

GY≥kns‚ kph¿W-Im-e-ØmWv tkm{I- okv XØz-Nn-¥-bn-te°v cwK-{]-thiwsNbvX-Xv. bh-\-tem-IsØ Bthiw sIm≈n® ]pXnb uXn-I-imkv{X kn≤m-¥-ßƒ tkm{I- o-kns‚ {i≤-bn¬s∏- n-cn-°-Ww. _p≤n-Po-hn-I-fpsS CS-bn-ep-≠mb \h-ssN-X-\ysØ ]cn-l-kn-®p-sIm≠v Acn-tÃm-^-\okv Fgp-Xnb "taL-ßƒ' F∂\mS-I-Øn¬ tkm{I- o-kns\ {]]-©-L-S\ a\- n-em-°m≥ {ian-°p∂ Hcp uXn-I-im-kv{X-⁄-\mbn Nn{Xo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

kyqkv

{Ko°v tZh-I-fpsS tZth-{μ≥. BIm-i-Øns‚ tZh-\mWv kyq-kv. t{ImtWm-kn-s‚bpw`qao-tZ-hn-bmb dnb-bpsSbpw ]p{X-\mbn P\n-®p. t]mkn-tUm¨, tlUvkv F∂n-h-cmWv kyq-kns‚ ktlm-Z-c≥am¿. kyq-kns‚ aIƒ AYo\ kc-kz-Xn-sb-t∏mse_p≤n-bpsS tZh-X-bm-Wv.

Ctøm_v

ss__n-fnse "]g-b-\n-b-a'-Øn-ep≈ A\-\y-km-am-\yhpw \mS-Io-b-hp-amb "Ctøm-_ns‚ ]pkvX-I'-Ønse tI{μ-I-Ym-]m-{X-amb Ctøm_v Dukv tZiØv P\n® \njvI-f-¶\pw t\cp-≈-h\pw ssZh- -‡\pw tZmjw hn -I --∂-h\p-amb Hcp DØ-a-]p-cp-j-\m-bn-cp-∂p. hnizm-k-Zm¿Vy-Ønepw ‡n-{]-Np-cn-a-bnepw At±-l-Øn\v t\mlbv°pwZm\n-tb-en\pw Xpey-amb ÿm\w \¬I-s∏- n- p-≠v. btlm-h-bpsS k∂n-[n-bn¬ h®vkmØm≥ Ctøm-_ns‚ ‡n-hn-izm-k-ßsf tNmZyw sNbvX-Xns‚ e-ambn Ahs‚{]mWs\ am{Xw sXmS-cpXv F∂ Xm°o-tXmSpIqSn Ctøm-_ns\ ]co-£n-°m≥kmØm\v btlmh A\p-aXn \¬Ip-∂Xpw ]co-£n-°m≥ kmØm≥ hcp-∂XpwkmØms‚ ]co-£-W-ß-fnse√mw Ctøm_v hnP-bn-bm-Ip-∂-Xp-amWv At±-l-Øns‚Pohn-X-Ønse {][m-\-kw- -hw. kmØms‚ {]hr-Øn-I-fpsS e-ambn Xs‚ k¥m-\-ßfpw hn -h-k-º-Øp-°-fp-sams° \jvS-am-hp-Ibpw D≈wIm¬ apX¬ s\dp-I-hsc]cp-°p-Iƒ h∂v h-√mØ ]oUbv°v hnt[-b-\m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXn´pw Fs¥-¶nepw]m]-{]-hrØn sNømt\m ssZhsØ \nμn®v Hcp hm°pc-bv°mt\m Ctøm_v Xbm-dm-bn-√. ssZhsØ XyPn®v acn-®p-I-f-bm≥ D]-tZ-in® mcysb At±lw s]mń F∂phnfn-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-bXv. Cu Zmcp-Wm-h-ÿ-bn¬ At±-l-tØmSp kl-X-]n-°m\pwBiz-kn-∏n-°m\pw sN∂ Feo-^-kn-s\bpw _n¬Zm-Zn-s\bpw tkm^-dn-s\bpwCtøm_v Zo¿L- hm-Z-{]-Xn-hm-Z-ßƒ \SØn ssZh-hn-izm-kn-I-fm°n Xncn-®-b-®p. HSp-hn¬ Ctøm-_ns‚ Akp-J-ßsf√mw btlmh t`Z-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw ap≥Im-e-Øp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xns‚ Ccń kº¬k-ar-≤n-Iƒ \¬In A\p-{K-ln-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. CXn-\p-tijw At±lw 140 h¿jwIqSn kkpJw Pohn-®n-cn-°p-Ibpw a°-sfbpw a°-fpsS a°-sfbpw \mep Xe-ap-d-tbmfw I≠v hr≤\pw Ime-k-ºq¿W-\pambn acn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.



Ctøm-_ns‚ ]pkvXIw

XnI®pw \mS-Io-b-amb mh-ßƒ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Cu D¬°r-jvS-km-ln-Xy-Ir-Xnsb"]≠pw C∂pw D≈ Imhy-ß-fn¬ G‰hpw al-Øcw' F∂mWv sS∂n-k¨hntijn∏n®-Xv. XnI®pw Ihn-Xm-a-b-ß-fmb kw`m-j-Whpw Bflm-em-]-ßfpw\nd™ DZm-Ø-amb Bflo-b-Z¿i-\-kw-ln-X-IfmWv CXns‚ D≈-S-°w. _n.knAt©m \mtem \q‰m-≠n¬ Pohn-®n-cp∂ Hcp Ncn-{X-]p-cp-j-\m-bn-cp∂p Ctøm-s_∂pwF∂m¬ "Ctøm-_ns‚ ]pkvXIw' F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Cu IrXn k¿hhpw ad-∂p≈Cuiz-c-k-a¿∏-W-Øn¬ P\-km-am-\y-Øn-\p≈ hnizmkw Duń-bp-d-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pth≠n `mh-\m-k-º-∂-\mb GtXm Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ cNn-®-Xm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pws]mXpsh hniz-kn-°-s∏-Sp∂p≠v.

]pd-∏mSp ]pkvXIw

ss__n-fnse "]g-b-\n-b-a-'Ønse c≠m-asØ ]pkvX-Iw. BZy ]pkvXIw D¬∏Øn]pkvX-I-am-Wv. ^d-thms‚ ASn-a-Ø-Øn¬ \n∂v C{km-tb¬ P\X tami-bpsSt\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Im\m≥ F∂ hmKvZØ`qan-bn-te°v \S-Ønb bm{X-bmWv "]pd-∏mSp]pkvX-I'-Øn¬ ]cm-a¿in-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. B bm{X-bn¬ taLw ]I¬ XW-embpwcm{Xn {]Im-i-ambpw klm-b--ambn h¿Øn-®p-sh∂v "]pd-∏mSp]pkvXI'-Øn¬ ]cm-a¿in-®n-cn-°p-∂p. 30 e£w Bfp-I-fpsS 40 h¿jsØ \o≠-bm-{X-bm-bn-cp∂p AXv.

]mT- m-K-Øp≈ a‰p kqN-\-Iƒ kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-h-bm-Wv.

""taL-ßƒ btlm-h-bpsS cY-am-sW∂v ]d-bp-∂p. anin-lmbpw Ahs‚`‡≥amcpw taL-Øn-eqsS kz¿K-Øn-te°v {]th-in-°p∂p.''

{InkvXp-hns‚ c≠mw-h-chv taL-Øn-eq-sS-bm-Wv F∂p kqNn-∏n-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p.temIm-h-km-\-Øn¬, acn-®p-t]mb F√m-h-scbpw Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬∏n-°p-tºmƒAhsc kz¿KØnte°p sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂Xv taL-Øn-eq-sS-bm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pwss__nƒ ]d-bp-∂p.

taL-ßƒ tbmKm-flIXe-ß-fn¬ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p.

{InkvXp kv\m\w kzoI-cn-®-t∏mƒ taLw h∂p aqSn-sb∂pw taL-Øn¬\n∂v i_vZ-ap-≠mbn F∂pw ss__n-fn¬ ]d-bp-∂p. "Ch≥ Fs‚ {]nb-]p-{X≥, Ch-\n¬ Rm≥{]km-Zn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Chs‚ hm°p-Iƒ°v sNhn-sIm-Sp-°p-hn≥' F∂n-ß-s\-bm-bn-cp∂pB hN\w.

"taL-ßƒ BIm-iØv s]s´∂p ImW-s∏-Sp-Ibpw AXn-thKw Xntcm-`-hn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.'

]e-t∏mgpw ssZhw a\p-jy\v {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂Xv taL-ß-fn-em-Wv, ssZh-i_vZwtaL-Øn-\p-≈n¬ apg-ßp-∂p, taLw ssZh-Øns‚ krjvSn-bmWv F∂v ss__n-fn¬ ]e- m-K-ß-fnepw kqN-\-bp-≠v.

"kap-{Z-Øn¬ hkv{X-ß-fmbn taL-ßƒ I¬∏\ sNø-s∏-Sp∂p.'

""Ahn-S∂v \ocmhnsIm≠v \nd®v taL-ßsf km{μ-am-°p-∂p. taL-ßƒ Ahn-SsØan∂-ep-Isf NnX-dn-°p-∂p''

ebmfwF´mwXcw

100 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

taL-sØ-t∏mse GImIn F∂ thUvkvh¿Øns‚ I¬∏\.

"I Wandererd lonely as a cloud'' - The Daffodils, Wordsworth

-hneyw tª°n\v taLw ssZh-Øns‚ tXcm-bn-cp∂p.

"Cloud is God's Chariot'' - Songs of Innocence, William Blake

s]s´∂p ImW-s∏-Sp-Ibpw £W-Øn¬ Xntcm-`-hn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ taLwtb‰vkn\v e-{]-Z-a-√mØ XØz-am-bn-cp∂p

"Seen all too sudden and instantly disappears that cloud'' - To the lake isle of innsfree,W.B.Yeats

C\nbpw Nne Ihn-Iƒ°v taLw {kjvSm-hns‚ Ccp≠ tXcmWv.

"For some poets cloud is the creators dark chariot'' - Biographia Literaria, S.TColleridge

taLw {]ta-b-ambn hcp∂ Nne Imhy-`m-K-ßƒ

Hcp-IpSw XÆo-cp-sam-°Øp shs®m-cm˛°cn-ap-In¬s∏¨sIm-Sn-sb-ßp-t]mbn?hb-ens‚ sXm≠hc-≠p-In-S-°p-tºm˛fpbn-c‰p tXm∏p-Iƒ \n∂n-Sp-tºmƒXfn-cp-I-sfm-s°-s°m-gn-s™mcp amt¥m-∏n¬Ipbn-ep-Iƒ ]mSn-°p-g-™n-Sp-tºmƒAW-bm-Ø-sX-¥-hƒ, hm\ns‚ Xmgvhm-c˛ØW-en¬ ]Xn-hp-t]m¬ sh≈-hp-ambv?HcpIpSw XÆo-cp-sam-°Øp shs®m-cm˛°cn-ap-In¬s∏¨sIm-Sn-sb-ßp-t]mbn?]pe-cn, Ing-°-ßp-sh-≈-hn-cn-®-t∏mƒ]pd-tabv°p t]mb-Xm-Wn-∂-hfpwAhn-sS-∏-Sn-™m-td-s∏m-bvI-bn¬ t]mbvh-cm˛\n\n-sb{X t\c-a-hƒ°p thWw?CSn-an-∂¬°¨tImWpw shń-®p-sIm-s≠tßmapSn-Nn-°n, \n¬°p-I-bm-bn-cn°mw!AI-e-Øm-am-\Øp ag-hn√p ]qØ-t∏mƒabn-em´w sNøp-I-bm-bn-cn°mw!

(Hcn-°¬°qSn ]n. mkvI-c≥)

D®-sh-bn-te‰p \S-°sh s\‰n-ta˛en‰n-‰p-hoWp ag-Øp≈nsRń Rm≥ t\m°sh hm\n-eq-Sp-s≠mcpsIm®p-I-cn-ap-In¬ \oßp∂pBsI-∏p-I-™p-In-S-°pao ssaXm-\˛`qan-X≥ amdn-eq-sSm-‰-bv°mbvFtßm Pew sIm≠p-\¬Ipw Ipdp-ºnbmw



s]Æn-h-f-ßs\ t]mIp-tºmƒs]s´-s∂m-tcm-S-°p-g¬hnfn tI´-hƒsRń-Øn-cn-s™m∂p \nt∂-t]mbvH°-Øn-cn°pw IpS-Øn¬\n-∂-s∏m-gm˛cnØn-cn-sh≈w Xpfp-ºn-t∏mbviymta, hnj-Æ-bmbv \n¬t°-≠, t]mI \oRm\p-a-s∏m¬°p-g¬ tI´t√m;Ft∂ XpS-ßnb eoe-bn-Xn-ßs\\sΩ-°p-g-°p-hm-\m-Wt√m\√Xv: \n≥ Ipfn-cn-‰n-‰p-ho-W-sX≥s]m≈p∂ s\‰n-ta-em-bt√m

(ag-Øp≈n Aº-e-aWn kpK-X-Ip-am-cn)

sh≈n-ta-L-ß-fm-Ip∂sh≈-Øm-fp-Iƒ tXmdptas]m≥I-Xn¿t∏-\-bm¬ _me˛kqcy≥ ]mTw Ipdn-°-bmbv

aSn-hn´p Xfn¿sØmØmwIS-emkp adn-®Xm]mTw icn°p hmbn∏qanSp-°≥ sIm®pamcp-X≥

(Infn-s°m-©¬ Fw.]n. A∏≥)

t]cm-‰p-\o-cmb sNºn® ss]°sf˛≤mcm-f-am-ń-sØ-fn-®p-sIm-≠-ßns\FØo Ing-°≥ae IS-∂n-∂-se˛bnØo-c-`q-hn¬°-dpØ sNń-®n-Iƒamcn-hn-s√t∂ \n\-®p-t]mbv \mw at\m˛lmcn-`q-`w-Kn-bm¬ kvX_v[-cm-tbm-j-am¿Nmbw ]ngn-t™mcp tNe-Np-‰n-∏p-X˛®mb-X-am-Ip-a- m-\p-hn¬ \n¬°-th,Np≠pw-]n-f¿Øn-®p-cp-f≥ap-Sn-bp-ambvap≠-I-∏m-S-ßƒ ImØp-In-S-°bmws]s‰-Wo°pwapºp IÆ-S-®m-ftlm]t‰ hnf¿sØm-c-°m-e-h¿jmw-K-\,t]m∂p-h-∂mtc Npc∂ ape-bp-am-bv∏q¿hmw-_p-cm-in-sb-s∏-s‰m-cn-Ω-¶-am¿!`mKyw sISn-s√mcp \mń-\p-ap-≠-b¬˛]°-ß-sf-¶n¬ kl-I-cn-®o-Sp-hm≥Cs∂-¥-g-Io-°-dp-ºn-°n-Sm-Øn-Iƒ˛s°s‚ \m´m-cpsS IÆn-set∂m ckw

(IdpØ sNń-®n-Iƒ ˛CS-t»cn tKmhn-μ≥\mb¿)

ebmfwF´mwXcw

102 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

$ taL-k-tμiw Imfn-Zm-k≥ Xncp-\-√q¿ Icp-Wm-I-cs‚ ]cn- mj

$ EXp-kw-lmcw ˛ Imfn-Zm-k≥

$ sh≈-s∏m-°-Øn¬ F≥.hn. IrjvW-hm-cn-b¿

$ IrjvW-KmY sNdp-t»cn tKmh¿[-t\m-≤m-c-Ww XpS-ßnb mK-ßƒ

c≠p ap‡-I-ßfmWv aq∂m-asØ ]mT- m-K-ambn Dƒs∏Sp-Ønbn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]mS-Øns‚Icbv°v Imbv®p-\n¬°p∂ ]mh-bv°-Iƒ tNe-∏-dºv \ºq-Xn-cn-bn¬ hnS¿Ønb mh-\-bmWv BZy- ap-‡-I-Ønep≈-Xv. cmPmhv t]mepw ]cn-em-fn-°p∂ ]qh-√n-sbbpwaXn¬hn-S-hn¬ apf-®p-\n¬°p∂, Bcpw khn-tij ]cn-K-W\ \¬ImØ ]mgvh-≈n-sbbpw \me-∏m´v \mcm-b-W-ta-t\m≥ Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂p. {]Ir-Xn-ku-μ-cy-Øns‚kq£va-X-e-amWv c≠v ap‡I-ßfnepw A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

{]th-i-I-{]-h¿Ø\w

kn\n-am-Km-\-Øns‚ Hcp mKw, sshtem-∏n-≈n-bpsS "Ibv]-h-√cn' F∂ Ihn-X-bnseNne hcn-Iƒ, ]mT-`m-KsØ GsX-¶nepw Hcp ap‡Iw F∂nh ¢mkn¬ {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p.

$ kzX-{¥-ambn hmbn-°m-\m-h-iy-s∏-Sp∂p.

$ ]n∂oSv CuWw \¬In hmbn-°s´.

$ A[ym-]nI tNmZyw tNmZn-°p∂p.

$ aq∂v Imhy-k-μ¿ -ßfpw hmbn®v Ipń-Iƒ Bibw {Kln-°-s´.

XpS¿∂v Bhn-jvI-c-W-Øn\v Ihn-Iƒ hyXykvX Imhy-cq-]-ßƒ Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂Xv F¥p-sIm-≠mWv F∂ eLp- N¿® \S-Ømw.

kqN-\Iƒ

$ Ihn-X-bpsS mh-Øn\v A\p-k-cn®v cq]w kzoI-cn°mw.

$ Bi-b-Øns‚ kz`mhw A\p-k-cn®v cq]-am-Imw.

$ Ihn-bpsS Xm¬∏cyw.

XpS¿∂v A[ym-]I≥ ap‡Iw F∂ kmln-Xy-cq-]w ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

sNm¬h-Snhv

A[ym-]nI ho≠pw tNmZy-ßƒ D∂-bn-°p∂p:

ap‡Iw sNm√n-b-t∏mƒ Fs¥√mw {]tXy-I-X-I-fmWv A\p- -h-s∏- Xv?

ap‡-I-Ønse Hmtcm hcn-bnepw F{X A£-c-ßƒ hoX-ap≠v?

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-ßƒ

ap‡-I-ßƒ



Hmtcm ap‡-I-Ønse A£-c-ß-fpsS FÆw ¢mkn¬ ]d™v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

A[ym-]nI t{ImUo-I-cn-°p∂p.

♦ c≠p ap‡-I-ßfnepw hyXykvX FÆw A£-c-ßƒ.

♦ Nn√-£-c-ßsf A£-c-ß-fmbn IW-°m-°p-∂n√.

♦ A£-c-ß-fpsS FÆ-°-W-°-\p-k-cn®v sNm¬h-Sn-hn¬ hyXym-k-ap-≠m-

Ip∂p.

♦ \mep-hcn (t«m-Iw) sIm≠v Hcp ]q¿Wm-ibw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

ap‡-I-ß-fpsS Bibw

ap‡Iw 1

]mS-Øns‚ Ic-bn¬ s\Sp-\osf \oe-\n-d-Øn¬ then°v BtLm-j-am-bn, Ae-¶m-c-ambn BSn-bp-e™v Xqßn-\n¬°p∂ ]mhbv°°q -ßƒ {]Ir-Xn-bpsS kpIr-X-am-Wv. Aar-Xns‚ Al-¶m-csØ ian-∏n-°p∂, Ibv]h√n-bm-Ip∂ AΩ s]‰ A√tbm]mhbv°°q´ß-tf, hmSmsXXs∂ Fs‚ Acn-In-te°v F{Xbpw thKw FØpI.

ap‡Iw 2

]qt¥m- -Ønse Ipfn-tcm-ep∂ I¬Ø-d-bn¬ cmPm-°≥am-cpsS DZmchpw Aaq-ey-hp-amb D]-Nm-c-ß-tf‰p hf-cp∂ Ag-tI-dp∂ ]qs®-Snsbbpw Bcpw ]cn-]m-en-°m-\n-√msX aXn-ens‚ hnS-hn¬ apf®p hf-cm≥ ]Wn-s∏-Sp∂ ]mgvh-≈nsbbpw ]pW-cp∂kqcy\v c≠p-t]-tcmSpw Xpey-amb ]cn-K-W-\-bmWp≈Xv.

ap‡Iw 1 ˛ Bi-b-Xew

Imbv®p-\n¬°p∂ ]mh-bv°-Isf Ihn hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂Xv Fß-s\-sb-√m-amW?v

]mh-bv°sb Ihn ss]X-ßƒ F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-®-Xns‚ HuNn-Xy-sa-¥mWv?

]mhbv°Iƒ kpIrXw ssIs°m≠p \n¬°p∂p F∂v ]d-™-Xns‚ s]mcpƒF¥mWv?

N¿®bn¬ A[ym-]nI t{ImUo-I-cn-t°-≠Xv:

♦ \nc-bmbn \n¬°p∂ ]mh-bv°-Iƒ.

♦ {]Ir-Xn-bm-Ip∂ AΩ-bpsS ]pWy-amWv ]mhbv°.

♦ AΩbv°v Ipń-Iƒ Fß-s\tbm, AXp-t]m-se-bmWv {]Ir-Xn°v ]mh-

bv°-Iƒ.

♦ {]Ir-Xn-bm-Ip∂ AΩ Xm≥ P∑w \¬Inb F¥n-s\bpw ]pWy-ambn

ImWp∂p.

Is≠-Ønb Bi-b-ßƒ Ipdn-°-s´.

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

104 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

XpS¿∂v Ibv]-h-√cn {]Ir-Xn°v Ae-¶m-c-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-sX-ßs\ F∂ hnj-b-Øn¬s]mXp-N¿®-bmhmw.

Ipń-Iƒ {]Xn-I-cn-°-s´.

kqN-\Iƒ

♦ hnti-jm-h-k-c-ß-fn¬ hoSp-Iƒ tXmcWw Xq°n Ae-¶-cn-°m-dp-≠v.

♦ {]IrXn Xo¿°p∂ Ae-¶m-c-ß-fmWv ]mh¬h≈n-Ifpw ]mh-bv°-Ifpw.

♦ Ae-¶m-c-ßƒ at\m-l-c-am-Im≥ \nd-ß-fpsS BI¿j-IXzw thWw.

♦ Ce-®m¿Øp-I-fpsS ]®∏v.

♦ ]®-∏n-s‚ B[n-Iyhpw ]mh-bv°-Ifpw \oe-\ndw sIm≠p-h-cp-∂p.

♦ ]gpØ Ce-I-fpsS a™-\ndw.

♦ Ce-I-fp-sSbpw ]mh-bv°-I-fp-sSbpw BIr-Xn°v tXmc-W-Øns‚ kz`mhw.

♦ Ah Bh¿Øn-°p-∂-Xns‚ kuμcyw.

ho≠pw tNmZyw D∂-bn-°p-∂p.

]mhbv° Aar-Xns‚ K¿hv ian-∏n-°p∂p F∂v Ihn ]d-bp-∂Xv F¥p-sIm-≠mhmw?

N¿®

Bh-iy-sa-¶n¬ A[ym-]nI CS-s]-SWw

kqN-I-ßƒ

♦ AarXv hnin-jvSamb t`mPy-am-Wv. AXn\v Huj-[-aq-ey-ap-≠v.

♦ AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ A-Xn\v Al-¶m-c-ap-≠v.

♦ Aar-Xns‚ Al-¶mcw ian-∏n-°m≥ Hcp FXn-cmfn thWw. AXmWv

Ibv]bv° F∂v Ihn mh\.

♦ Ibv]v a[p-csØ Ipd-bv°p-∂p.

♦

N¿®-I-fn¬\n∂v {Kln® Imcy-ßƒ IqSn Dƒs∏-SpØn ap‡-I-Øns‚ Bi-bhpwkuμ-cyhpw Dƒs∏-Sp∂ Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°p∂p.

ap‡Iw 2 Bi-b-Xew

]qh-√n- hf-cp-∂Xv Fß-s\-sb∂mWv Ihn kqNn-∏n-°p-∂X?v

]mgvh-≈n-bpsS P\-\-sØ-bpw hf¿®-sbbpw Ihn Fß-s\-bmWv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv?

kqcy≥ c≠p-t]-scbpw Xpey-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂Xv F¥p-sIm-≠mhmw?

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂p.sa®-s∏-SpØnAh-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.



A[ym-]nI t{ImUo-I-cn-t°-≠Xv:

♦ ]qt¥m- -Øn¬ cmPm-°∑mcpsS ]cn-em-f-\-tbmsS ]qh√n hf-cp∂p.

♦ ]mgvh≈n Bcpw ]cn-N-cn-°msX Fhn-sS-sb-¶nepw s]mń-ap-f-bv°p-∂p.

F¶nepw AXpw hf-cp∂p.

♦ Fßs\ hf¿∂mepw F√mw ImWp∂ kqcy\v c≠pw Hcp t]mse-bmW.v

♦ Ahÿ hne-bn-cpØn khn-tij ]cn-K-W\ \¬ImsX F√m-‰n-s\bpw

ka- m-h-\-tbmsS ImWWw.

Bi-b-ßƒ Dƒs°m≠v Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°-s´. Ah-X-c-Ww, sa®-s∏-SpØn Fgp-X¬

A£-c-t«m-I-k-Z v

]mT- m-K-Øn-eqsS Ipń-Iƒ ap‡-I-ß-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏- t√m.

A£-c-t«m-I-Øns‚ \nb-am-h-en-Iƒ Ipń-Iƒ°v ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p.

kwL-ambn Xncn™v Ipń-Iƒ ap‡-I-ßfpw t«mI-ßfpw tiJ-cn-°s´.

A[ym-]n-I-bpsS klmbw Bh-iy-am-Wv.


♦ t«mI-ß-fmWv Ah-X-cn-∏n-t°-≠Xv.

♦ t«mIw hrØ-Øns‚ sNm¬h-Sn-hn¬Øs∂ sNm√Ww.

♦ A\p-jvTp∏v hrØ-Øn-ep-≈h ]mSn-√ (Z-fi-I-ß-fpw).

♦ sNm√nb t«mI-Ønse aq∂m-asØ hcn-bnse BZy A£-c-Øn¬ XpS-

ßp∂ t«mIw ASp-Ø-bmƒ sNm√-Ww.

♦ t«mIw sNm√m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-bmƒ a¬k-c-Øn¬\n∂v ]pd-Øm-Ipw.

ap‡Iw

Cw•o-jnse KoX-I-{]-ÿm-\-Øn\v kam-\-ambn kwkvIr-X-Ønepw AXns\ A\p-I-cn®v ae-bm-f-Ønepw hf¿∂p-h-∂n- p≈ Hcp eLp-Im-hy-{]-ÿm-\-ap-≠v- -ap-‡-Iw.H‰ t«mI-sa∂v tIc-fo-b¿ CXns\ hnfn-°m-dp-≠v. GsX-¶nepw kμ¿`w {]am-Wn®vHcm-i-b-apƒs°m-≈p∂ H‰-t«mIw \n¿an-°p∂ ]Xnhv Ihn-Iƒ°v ]≠p-≠m-bn-cp∂p.Hcp awK-fm-iw-ktbm XØztam t\c-tºmt°m {]m¿Y\tbm Nn¥m-i-I-etam BH‰ t«mI-Øn-e-S-ßn-bn-cn-°pw. kwkvIr-X-Øn¬ \n∂mWv CXv mj-bn-te°v IS-∂p-h-∂-sX∂v kqNn-∏n-®-t√m. am \njmZ F∂p XpS-ßp∂ BZyIhn-bpsS BZy t«mIw\s√mcp ap‡-I-am-Wv. Hcm-ibw ˛ Hcp hnIm-c-{]-]©w Xs∂ ˛ AXn-sem-Xp-ßn-\n¬°p-∂p-≠v. Imfn-Zm-ks‚ t]cnepw a‰pw At\Iw ap‡-I-ßƒ {]N-cn-®n-´p-≠v.ka-kym-]q-cWw apX-emb kmln-Xy-hn-t\m-Z-ßfpw Cu H‰t«mI-{]ÿm-\-Øns‚hf¿®sb klm-bn-®p. Ae-¶m-c-im-kv{X-Øns‚ Bhn¿`m-hhpw ap‡-I-{]-ÿm-\sØhf¿Øn. ae-bm-f-Øn¬ mjm- q-j-W-Im-c≥ kz F∂ ASn-°p-dn-t∏msS sImSp-Øn-´p≈ ]Zy-ßƒ t\m°p-I. Ah Hmtcm ap‡-I-am-Wv. eoem-Xn-eIw F∂ Ae-¶mc(hym-I-c-W) imkv{X-{K-Ÿ-amWv BZy-ambn \ap°v Hcp ap‡-I-k-am-lmcwkΩm\n®Xv.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

106 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

ap‡Iw F∂ ]Z-Øn\v apØv F∂m-W¿Yw. amebn¬ tIm¿°mØ H‰ apØp-t]mse A\p-kyq-X-amb Hcp hnNm-c-[m-c-bn¬ ]¶p-sIm-≈msX H‰-s∏´p \n¬°p-Ibpw Bi-b-Øns‚ D÷z-e-Xbpw Na¬°m-c-Øns‚ wKnbpw HØn-W-ßp-IbpwsNøp-∂-Xn-\m-em-bn-cn°mw H‰ t«mI-Øn\v ap‡Iw F∂v t]cp \¬I-s∏-´-Xv.ap‡Iw F∂ ]Z-Øn\v tamNn-°-s∏- Xv F∂pw A¿Yw ]d-bm-dp-≠v. Hcp Imhy-[m-c-bn¬s∏-SmsX tamNn-°-s∏´ kzX-{¥-amb Hc-h-ÿ-bm-Wt√m H‰t«mI-ßƒ°p-≈-Xv.

alm-Im-hy-ßƒ t]mse ap‡-I-ßƒ hmb-\-°m-cpsS £a Hcn-°epw ]co-£n-°p-I-bn-√. AXns‚ {lkzX Ah¿°v Bizm-k-{]-Z-am-Wv. Ir{Xn-aXzw ap‡-IsØ Xo≠n-bn- n-√. Hm¿Ω-bn¬ sIm≠p-\-S-°p-∂-Xn\pw Hm¿tØm¿Øp ckn-°p-∂-Xn\pw C{Xklm-b-I-amb as‰mcp {]ÿm-\-hp-an-√. Cu ta∑-I-sf-√m-ap-≠m-bn´pw ap‡-I-{]-ÿm\w A¬∏m-bp- m-bn-t∏m-hp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. kwkvIr-X-hr-Ø-ßƒ°v t\cn´hnebn-Snhpw ap‡-I-ß-fpsS ]cn-an-Xnbpw kmln-Xy-hn-t\m-Z-ßƒ°v Imem-\p-kr-X-ambn h∂p-tN¿∂ hyXn-bm-\-hp-am-bn-cn°mw AXn-\p-Im-c-Ww.

Nne ap‡-I-ßƒ""a¿Øym-Im-tcW tKm]o-h-k-\-\nc Ih¿t∂mcp

ssZXym-cn-sb-Ø≥NntØ _‘n® h©o-izc, Xh \r]-\o˛

Xn°p sX‰n√ ]t£,s]m¬Øm¿am-Xm-hnXm X≥ IW-hs\ hnSp˛

hm\m{ibn°p∂p Zmko˛hrXym \nXyw `hm-s\,-°-\n-h-h-fn-ep-Zn˛

s°m√ Imcp-Wy-cmti''Hd-h-¶c

s]m≈p-tºm-f-arXw Xfn®p XShpwk¬km-¥z-\-kz-]v\ta

apt≈-t‰‰p apdn™p c‡-sam-gp-Ip˛tºmgpw ]qam-\p≥a-Z˛

Ø≈n-®bv°p XpSn-®nSpw kl-\-Xm˛kt¶-Xta sh¬I \o''

Nß-ºpg

]qsa-tØ-segp-t∂-‰n-cp∂p ZbntXt]mIp∂p Rms\∂p tI˛

t´ma¬°-Æn-W-\o-c-Wn™ hZ-\˛∏qthmSp KmVw apZm

]qta-\n-Ø-fn-tcmSp tN¿Ø-l-an-\n˛°mWp-∂-sX-s∂-∂-I˛

∏qam-tem-S-fn-thWn sNm∂ IZ-\˛s®m√n∂p sIm√p∂p amw

]qt¥m- -Ø-—≥ \ºq-Xncn



aqSn-√m-sØmcp ap≠p-sIm≠p apSnbpwaqSo´p h≥I-‰bpw

NqSn-s°m-≠-cn-hmƒ ]pd-Øp-Xn-cpIn{]m©n-°n-X-®-ßt\

\mS≥I-®-bp-SpØp ta\n- ap-gp-h≥tNdpw ]pc-≠n-s∏m-go˛

∏mS-Øq∂p hcp∂ \n≥ hc-hp-I˛t≠‰w sImXn-°p∂p Rm≥

]qt¥m- Øv al≥ \ºq-Xncn

tNe-∏-dºv \ºq-Xncn (1689- 1780)

tImgn-t°m-Sn\v sX°p- m-K-Øp≈ Nmen-b-Øm-bn-cp∂p tNe-∏-d-ºs‚ C√w.Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØp h∂v thWm´pcmPm-hmb chn-h¿Ω-bpsS B{in-X-\mbn Ign-™n- p-≠v. kwkvIr-X-Ønepw ae-bm-f-Ønepw ]mfinXy-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ tNe-∏-d-ºt‚Xmbn {KŸ-ß-sfm∂pw ]pd-Øp-h-∂-Xmbn Adn-b-s∏- n- n-√. ]m´p-Æn-N-cnXw B -°Y At±-l-Øn-t‚-Xm-sW-∂v hniz-kn-°-s∏-Sp∂p-s≠-¶nepw ]fin-X-aXw AX-√. GXm\pw H‰t«mI-ßƒ am{X-amWv At±-l-Øns‚ hI-bmbne`n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. ]mT-`m-Kambn sImSpØ ap‡Iw sNm√n-b-t∏mƒ Ibv]bv°\ºq-Xn-cn-bpsS ssIbn-te°v X\nsb \oßn-s®∂p F∂v ]dbs∏-Sp-∂p. 90hb- p-hsc Pohn-® Ihn Kpcp-hm-bq¿t£{X-Øn¬ sN∂v Hcp t«mIw sNm√n\a-kvI-cn®p. ]n∂oSv Fgp-t∂¬°p-I-bp-≠m-bn√ F∂v sFXn-lyw.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

108 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

sshhn-[y-am¿∂-XmWv C¥y-bpsS kmwkvIm-cnIap{Z-Iƒ. ASp-Ø-dn-bp-t¥mdpwAZv`q-X-ß-tf-dp∂ kmwkvIm-cnI sshhn-[y-Øn-te°pw ]mc-º-cy-Øn-te°pwhnZym¿Yn-I-fpsS Nn¥-I-sfbpw Bkzm-Z\afi-e-sØbpw B\-bn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.AXn-eqsS GI-Xm-t_m-[-sØbpw P\m-[n-]-Xy-aq-ey-ß-sfbpw Ah-cpsS a\- p-I-fn¬, PohnXhgn-bn¬ shfn®w hnX-dp∂ BZ¿i-ß-fmbn cq]-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. \∑-bpsS hnØp hnX-bv°p-Ibpw AXns\ hf¿Øn XW¬ hncn-°m≥kml-N-cy-sam-cp-°p-Ibpw sNbvX Ncn{X]pcp-j-∑msc ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-I, klm-\p-`q-Xnbpw kl-h¿Øn-Xzhpw hf¿Øp-I, DØa PohnXaqey-ßƒ kzmwio-I-cn-°pI F∂o e£y-ßfpw Cu bqWn-‰neqsS km[y-am-I-Ww. PohnXK‘n-bmb kmlnXykrjvSn-I-fnse kuμ-cy -X-e-ßfpw ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-I-Ww.

C¥y-bpsS kmwkvIm-cnINcn-{Xhpw ]mc-º-cyhpw ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ a‰p-≈-h-cpsS t£a-Øn-\mbn PohnXw Dgn-™p-h® \nc-h[n alm-∑msc \ap°p Is≠-Øm-\m-hpw. CØcw alZv hy‡n-I-fpsS KpW-ßfpw XymK-a-t\m-`m-hhpw Ipń-I-fn¬ A\p-`-h-th-Zy-am-hm≥ Cu bqWn-‰ns‚ ]T\w e£yw hbv°p-∂p.

Alnwkbpw kXy-{K-lhpw Bbp-[-am°n sshtZ-inIi‡n-Isf t\cn´ alm-flm-Km-‘n-bpsS hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ hnhn[ am\-ßƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Ihn-X-bmWv h≈-tØmƒ \mcm-b-W-ta-t\ms‚ Fs‚ Kpcp-\m-Y≥,

tUm.tPm¿Pv HmW-°q-dns‚ "{]Wb Xmgvhc-bnse tZh-Zmcp' F∂ t\mh-en¬ \ns∂-SpØ `qan-bpsS kz]v\w F∂ ]mT-`m-K-Øv PmXn-aX Nn¥-Iƒ°vAXo-X-ambn aIs\ hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°p∂ Hcp AΩsb ImWmw. Km‘nPn hn`m-h\w sNbvX tZio-b-Xbv°v A\p-cq-]-ambn aIs\ cq]-s∏-SpØn Cu AΩ cmPy-Øn\p ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.

hni-°p-∂-hs‚ ap∂n¬ A∂-ambn ssZhw {]Xy-£-s∏Spw F∂ kXywXncn-®-dn™ as‰mcp AΩ-bmWv bqk-ên tIt®-cn-bpsS "thZw' F∂ Ihn-X-bn¬ ImWp-∂-Xv.

a‰p-≈-h-cp-sS \∑-bv°mbn PohnXw D]-bp-‡-am-°Ww F∂v \sΩ Hm¿Ωn∏n-°p∂, bqWn-‰v io¿jIw Ipam-c-\m-ims‚ "\fn-\n-'bnse hcn-I-fm-Wv.

""]ns∂-sbm-s∂mcp]Im-c-ta-Xn-t\m,Fs∂-tbm¿Øp kJo GX-tXm-XpIA\y-Po-h-\p-XIn kzPo-hnXw[\y-am-°p-a-ate hnth-In-Iƒ''

A\y-Po-h-\p-XIn kzPo-hnXw4.3

B ap Jw


A\y-Po-h-\p-XIn kzPo-hnXw 109

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{]th-i-I-{]-h¿Ø\w

Fs‚ Kpcp-\m-Y≥

Km‘n-Pn-bpsS hniz-am-\-hn-I-Xbpw al-Ømb PohnXZ¿i-\-ßfpw hc-®p-Im- p∂\nc-h[n kqN-\-Ifp≈ Ihn-X-bm-Wv. "Fs‚ Kpcp-\m-Y≥'. temIØv Pohn-®n-cp∂BZ¿i-]p-cp-j≥am¿, Bflo-bm-Nm-cy-∑m¿. ØXzNn-¥-I¿ F∂n-h-cpsS Pohn-X-aq-ey-ßƒ Km‘n-Pn-bn¬ HØp-tN¿∂n-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn Ihn ÿm]n-°p-∂p. Km‘nPnF∂ bpK-]p-cp-j-s\-°p-dn®v ae-bm-f-Øn¬ cNn-°-s∏-´ Ihn-X-I-fn¬ {]ap-J-ÿm-\Øp \n¬°p∂ krjvSn-bm-Wn-Xv. `mc-Xob \thm-∞m-\w AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øp∂Cu IhnX Ipń-I-fn¬ tZio-b-t_m-[hpw Alnwkm A`n-ap-Jyhpw cqV-aq-e-am-°m\pw `mjm-]-c-amb khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ t_m[y-s∏-Sm\pw D]-bp-‡-am-h-Ww.

{]th-iI {]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ N¿®-bn-eqsS Km‘n-Pn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ [mcW Ipń-I-fn¬ cq]-s∏-Sp-a-t√m. IØn¬ kqNn-X-am-Ip∂ Imcy-ßƒ°-∏p-dØv Km‘n-Pn-bpsS KpW-K-W-ß-sf-°p-dn®v h≈-tØmƒ cNn® "Fs‚ Kpcp-\m-Y≥' ¢mkn¬Ah-X-cn-∏n-°mw. (sF.kn.Sn. km[y-XIƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-at√m. "Fs‚ Kpcp-\m-Y≥' F∂ IhnX tbip-Zmkv Be-]n-®-Xv C‚¿s\-‰n¬ e`y-am-Wv.)

\ng-ep-I-fn-√mØ \nemhv

h≈-tØm-fns‚ tZim-`n-am-\-]-c-amb Ihn-X-Isf aq∂p hn`m-K-ambn Xncn-°mw. `mcX-Øns‚ kmwkvIm-cnIss]Xr-IsØ {]Io¿Øn-°p-∂-h-bmWvBZ-y-tØ-Xv. ASp-Ø-Xm-Is´ kzm-X-{¥-y-k-a-c-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ BZ¿i-ßsf ˛ Alnw-k, ka-X-z-t_m-[w, sFI-yw, Zo\m-\p-Iº, kzm-X-{¥yw ˛hmgvØp-∂p. aq∂m-a-tØXv kzm-X{¥yk-a-c-tk-\m-\n-I-sfbpw c‡-km-£n-I-sfbpw Ipdn-®p≈hbm-Wv. CXn¬ Ah-km-\sØ hn`m-K-Øn¬s∏-Sp∂Ihn-X-bmWv "Fs‚ Kpcp-\m-Y≥.'

Km‘n-Pnsb h≈-tØmƒ Xs‚ Kpcp-\m-Y-\mbn Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-IbpwB hy-‡n-Xz khntij-X-Iƒ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw -sN-øp-∂p. Cu Ihn-Xsb `mhm-fl-I-am-°p∂ LS-I-ß-fmWv Km‘n-Pn-tbm-Sp≈ Ihn--bpsS BZ-chpw Bcm-[-\-bpw.

"Fs‚ Pohn-X-amWv Fs‚ ktμiw' F∂p {]kvXm-hn® alm-flm-hns\al-Ømb F√m BZ¿i-ß-fp-sSbpw Bƒcq-]-ambn Ihn ImWp-∂p.

BapJsam∂pw IqSmsX Km‘n-Pn-bpsS hy-‡n-X-z-a-ln-a-Iƒ h¿Wn-®p-

Bkzm-Z\w

ebmfwF´mwXcw

112 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

sIm-≠p≈ Imh-ym-cw-`-Øn\v Hcp \mS-Io-b-X-bp-≠v. Cu IhnXbn¬ Hcp`mKØpw Km‘n-Pn-bpsS t]cv ]cm-a¿in-®n-ń-√. efn-Xhpw I¿Ω-\n-c-XhpwBZ¿im-fl-I-hp-amb Hcp Pohn-X-N-c-y-bpsS hni-Zmw-i-ß-fn¬ \n∂v Km‘n-PnbpsS hy-‡n-k-z-cq]w s]s´∂p Xncn-®-dn-bm-hp∂ hn[w sXfn-™p-h-cn-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv.

a‰p-≈-h-cpsS \∑-bv°p-th≠n {]Xn-^--te— IqSmsX {]h¿Øn-°p∂Km‘nPn kpJt`mK-ß-fpsS t\sc HcpXcw \n w-K-X-bmWv ]pe¿Øp-∂-Xv. GXp kml-N-cy-Ønepw, {]Xn-Iqe ]cnXÿnXn-I-fn¬t]mepw I¿a-\n-c-X-\m-hm≥ At±-l-Øn\v Hcp hnj-ahp-an-√. G‰hpw Npcp-ßnb kuI-c-y-ß-fn¬ At±lw kwXr-]vX-\m-Ip-∂p. B¿j-kw-kvImc ]mc-º-c-y-ØnseHcp alm-tbmKnbpsS {]Xo-Xn-bmWv Cu alm-flm-hns‚ km∂n-[yw \Ωn-ep-W¿Øp-∂-sX∂v "Fs‚ Kpcp-\m-Y≥' F∂ Ihn-X-bn-eqsS h≈-tØmƒhnfw-_cw sNøp-∂p. XymKw t\´-ambpw Xmgva A`yp-∂-Xn-bmbpw ImWp∂Cu tbmKn-h-c-y≥ Zp¿÷¥p-°-fn-√mØ Zp¿e-`-amb Xo¿Y-am-Wv. Icn-ajn]pc-fmØ awK-f-Zo-]-am-Wv. ]mºp-Iƒ Xo≠mØ amWn-I-y-\n-[nbpw \ng-ep-I-fn-√mØ \nem-hp-amWv At±-lw. GXp \∑-bnepw Nne ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ It≠-°mw. alm-flm-Km-‘n-bn-em-I-s´ \∑-am-{X-ta-bp-≈q.

Alnw-k-bpsS ]S®´ t`Zn-°m≥ Hcm-bp-[-Øn\pw km[-y-a√ F∂vKm‘nPn {]t_m-[n-∏n-®p. At±-l-Øns‚ ]hn-{X-amb hm°p-I-fn¬ hntam-N-\-Øns‚ Im¬Ø-f-°n-ep°w \ap°p tIƒ°mw. B alm-flm-hns‚PohnXNc-y-sbbpw ktμ-i-sØbpw `wK-y-¥-tcW Ihn hnh-cn-°p-∂p. Bhy-‡n-X-z-Øns‚ Ahn-I-e-amb ]q¿WX \ap°v Cu Ihn-X-bn¬ Z¿in-°mw

˛ \ng-ep-I-fn-√mØv \nemhv ˛ tUm. Un.- _-©-an≥

{]h¿Ø-\-hn-i-I-e\w

(dnthgvkv Iznkn-eqsS {]h¿Ø\w Bcw- n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.) Km‘n-Pn-bpsS Pohn-X-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ kqN-\-Iƒ \¬Ip∂p.

♦ 1869 HIvtSm-_¿ 2 \p P\\w.♦ Z£nWm{^n-°-bn¬ h°o-embn {]mIvSokv Bcw-`n®p.♦ kXy{Klw ka-cm-bp-[-am°n.♦ 1948 P\p-hcn 30 \v acWw.♦

XpS-ßnb tNmZy-ß-fn-eqsS Km‘n-Pn-bn¬ FØn-t®-cmw.

XpS¿∂v Km‘n-Pn-sb-°p-dn®v ¢mkn¬ eLp-N¿® kwL-Sn-∏n-°mw. N¿®-bn-eqsS Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ kqN-\Ifn¬ FØn-t®-cm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

♦ Zcn-{Z-\mbn Pohn®p, AXp _lp-a-Xn-bmbn I≠p.♦ kzmX-{¥y-k-acw \bn®p.♦ kz¥w PohnXw Hcp ktμ-i-ambn a‰p-≈-h¿°v \¬In.

N¿®-bpsS t{ImUo-I-c-W-Øn\p tijw {]th-i-I-amb IØv hmbn-®-h-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.



Bi-b-]-S-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Km‘n-Pn-bpsS A]q¿h KpW-hn-ti-j-ß-sf-°p-dn®p Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°-s´. Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ hne-bn-cpØn sa®s∏SptØ-≠-XmWv.

Ihn-X-bpsS au\-hm-b-\bv°pw {imhyhmb-\bv°pw Ipń-Iƒ°p Ah-kcw\¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv.

]mT- m-KØp ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ alZv hy‡n-Isf Ipń-Iƒ ]ń-I-s∏-Sp-Ø-s´. hy‡n-I-fpsS t]cp-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ kwL-ß-fm-hm≥ \n¿tZ-in-°mw.

({InkvXp-tZ-h≥, apl-ΩZv \_n, {ioIr-jvW≥, {io_p-≤≥, i¶-cm-Nm-cy¿, c¥n-tZ-h≥, lcn-›-{μ≥)

Ihn-Xm- mKw hnhn[ Jfiß-fmbnØncn®v Hmtcm {Kq∏n\pw \¬Im-a-t√m. {Kq∏p-I-fn¬ N¿® sNbvXv Ihn-Xm-`mK-Øns‚ Bi-bw, khn-ti-jX XpS-ßnbhAh-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

]mT- m-K-Øns‚ tI{μmibw s]mXp-hmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°mw.

♦ k¿h-N-cm-N-c-ß-sfbpw IpSpw-_mw-K-ambn ImWp-∂-bmƒ.♦ XymKw t\´-ambpw Xmgva D∂-Xn-bmbpw ImWp∂ alm-tbmKn.♦ {]iw-k-sbbpw \nμ-sbbpw Hcp-t]mse kao-]n® hy‡n.♦ Bbp[-an-√msX bp≤-hn-Pbw t\Sp-Ibpw ]pkvX-I-an-√msX Adnhv ]I-

cp-Ibpw acp-∂n-√msX tcmKw ian-∏n-°p-Ibpw _en-bn-√msX bmKw \S-Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂ alm-flm-hmWv Km‘nPn.

♦ Alnw-ksb {hX-ambpw im¥nsb ssZh-ambpw ImWp∂ Bƒ.♦ temIsØ alm-∑m-cpsS kZvKp-W-ßƒ Hcp-an®v ktΩ-fn® alm-flmh.v♦ kman]yw sIm≠v hy‡n-Isf KpW-]-c-ambn am‰m≥ Ign-hp-≈-bmƒ.♦ C¥y-bpsS kmwkvIm-cnI ssNX\yw HØp-tN¿∂v P∑-sa-Sp-Ø-bmƒ.

A]q¿h KpW-hn-tijw

Km‘n-Pn-bpsS khn-tij KpW-ßƒ Dƒs°m-≈n-®p-sIm-≠p≈ Bi-b-]SwN¿®-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ t_m¿Un¬ Ipdn-°m-a-t√m.

temIsØ kz¥w

Xd-hm-Smbn I≠p.

XymKn

Db¿®bpw XmgvNbpw

ka-ambn I≠p.

Km‘nPn

tbmKn

tNmZy--ßƒ

♦ Km‘n-Pnsb hn≥Ã¨ N¿®n¬ hnti-jn-∏n-®-sXßs\bmWv?♦ A{]-Imcw hnti-jn-∏n-°m-\p≈ Imc-W-sa¥v?♦ B hnti-j-WsØ Km‘nPn kzoI-cn-®-sX-ßs\?

tNmZy-ßƒ°v DØcw Is≠-Øp-∂-XneqsS IØns‚ tI{μm-ibw Ipń-Iƒ{Kln-°-s´.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

114 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

XymKw ˛ t\´w Xmgva ˛ D∂Xn

Km‘n-Pn-bpsS GsX√mw kz`mhkhn-ti-j-X-I-fmWv Cu kμ¿ -ß-fn¬ \n∂vsXfn-bp-∂-sX∂v Ipń-Iƒ Is≠-Øn-∏-d-b-s´.

XymKw hn\bw

D∂-X-amb Cu PohnXaqey-am-Wv "almflm' F∂ hm°n\p Km‘nsb A¿l-\m-°n-bXv. N¿®-bn¬ D≠mb Is≠-Ø-epIfpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Xmgva-Xm-\- yp-∂Xn, XymK-sa-∂tX t\´w F∂o hcn-I-fpsS Bi-b- wKn Is≠Øn Fgp-X-s´.

Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ ]c-kv]cw hne-bn-cpØn sa®-s∏-SpØp-∂p.

Km‘n-Pn-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ

Km‘n-Pn-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ Ihn-Xm-`m-K-ßƒ kwL-ß-fn¬ N¿®-bv°mbn \¬Im-a-t√m.

kqN\I-ƒ

imkv{Xw ˛ [¿Ω]cn-]m-e\w ˛ {Kq∏v ˛ 1

]pkvXIw ˛ ]pWym-[ym-]\w ˛ {Kq∏v ˛ 2

Huj[w ˛ tcmK-i-a\w ˛ {Kq∏v ˛ 3

lnwk ˛ b⁄w ˛ {Kq∏v ˛ 4

N¿-®

h´-taiktΩ-f-\-Øn-\mbn Cw•-≠n-

te°v ]pd-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\p apºpXs∂

Km‘n-Pn-bpsS hkv{X-[m-c-W-sØ-∏‰n

Nne¿ t\cn´v hna¿in-°m-Xn-cp-∂n-√.

ap´pad-bmØ ap≠v Hcp alm-flmhn\v

tbmPn-®-X-√. C¥y-bpsS {]Xn-\n-[n-bm-

bn-´mWv Km‘n Cw•-≠n-te°v t]mIp-∂-

sX∂pw Ah¿ Hm¿aΩs∏-Sp-Øn. AXn\v

Km‘n-bpsS adp-]Sn C{]-Im-c-am-bn-cp-∂p.

A¿[-\-·cpw ]mXn∏ń-Wn-°m-cp-amb

]mh-ß-fpsS {]Xn-\n-[n-bm-bn-´mWv Rm≥

t]mIp-∂-Xv. Ah-cpsS \nebv°v ]‰n-b-

Xm-hWw Fs‚ hkv{Xw.''

Z£n-Wm-{^n-°-bn¬ h®v Km‘nIpSpw-_-

Øn\v Kwò-c-am-sbmcp bm{X-b-b∏v \¬I-

s∏-´p. kz¿Ww, apØpw ]hn-ghpw

sIm≠p≈ B`-c-W-ßƒ, hne-]n-Sn-∏p≈

hm®p-Iƒ F∂n-h-sb√mw kΩm-\-am-bn-

°n-ń. A∂p-cm{Xn Km‘n-Pn°v Dd°w

h∂n-√. kaq-ltk-h-\-Øns‚ t]cn¬

{]Xn-êw hmßp-∂Xv icntbm F∂

Nn¥ At±-lsØ Ae-ń. ASp-Ø-Zn-

hkw Xs‚ IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-sf -hnfn®v

Cu hnj-b-sØ°pdn®v N¿®-sN-bvXp.

Inńb D]-lm-c-ß-sf√mw Xncn-®p-sIm-Sp-

°m≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p.

Bi-b-`wKn Is≠Ømw

"Fs‚ Pohn-X-amWv Fs‚ ktμiw' ˛ Cu hcn t_m¿Un¬ {]Z¿in-∏n-°mw.

XpS¿∂v Xmgva Db¿®-bmbpw XymKw t\´-ambpw Km‘nPn Pohn-X-Øn¬{]mh¿Øn-I-am-°nb c≠p kμ¿`ßƒ Nm¿ń¬ FgpXn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.



Ch-bpsS ]c-kv]-c-_‘w Is≠Øn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

A[ym-]-I¿ N¿® t{ImUo-I-cn-°-Ww.

[¿Ω-]-cn-]m-e-\-Øn\v imkv{Xw th≠n hcp∂p. A[ym-]-\-Øn\p ]pkvXIw A\n-hm-cy-am-Ip∂p. Huj-[-Øn-eqsS am{Xta tcmKw ian-°p-∂p≈q. bmKk-μ¿`-ß-fn¬ lnwk k¿h-km-[m-cWw.

XpS¿∂v ]mT-`m-KsØ hcn-I-fn-eqsS IS∂pt]mImw.

imkv{Xw IqSmsX Km‘nPn [¿aw ]cn-]m-en®p. ]pkvXIan√msX ]pWyw A`y-kn-∏n®p. Huj[w IqSmsX tcmKw ian-∏n®p. lnwk C√msX bmKw \SØn.

CØcw khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Ipń-Iƒ Is≠Øn°pdn-°-s´.

Is≠Øn Fgp-XpI

BIm-i-Øns‚ hyXykvX kz`mh-ßƒ Bkv]-Z-am°nbp≈ N¿® ¢mkn¬kwL-Sn∏n°-Ww.

kqN-\Iƒ

sXfn™ BImiw.

taLm-hr-X-amb BImiw.

\£-{X-ßƒ \nd™ BImiw.

N¿-®

Hmtcm kμ¿`-Ønepw BImiw am‰-ßsf kzoI-cn-°p∂ coXn N¿®-bn¬t{ImUo-I-cn-°-Ww.

BIm-i-Øn\p am‰-an√.

taL-ß-sfbpw \£-{X-ß-sfbpw H∂p-t]mse ImWp-∂p.

BIm-i-sØbpw Km‘n-Pn-sbbpw Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-eqsS cmjv{S-]n-Xm-hns‚ GXp khn-ti-j-X-I-fmWv h≈-tØmƒ hni-Z-am-°p-∂-sX∂v Is≠Øn{]Xn-I-cn-°-s´.

kqN-\Iƒ

♦ Km‘n-Pn-bpsS alØzw.♦ lrZbhnim-eX♦ GXp kml-N-cy-ß-sfbpw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°m-\p≈ am\-kn-Im-hÿ.♦ ]c-n]-IzX

t{ImUo-I-cWw

{]Im-in®p \n¬°p∂ \£-{X-ßƒ \nd™ BImiw Gsd BÀm-Z-I-c-am-Wv. Im¿taLw aqSn\n¬°p-tºmƒ AXv timI-aq-I-ambntXm∂n-tb-°mw. hnim-e-amb BImiw CsX√mw hncn-am-dn-sem-Xp°nKcn-a-tbmsS ImWs∏-Sp-∂p.

kzoIm-cy-X-bp-sSbpw _lp-am-\-Øn-s‚bpw ]qs®-≠p-Isf kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse Xnc-kvIm-c-Øn-s‚bpw hntZz-j-Øn-s‚bpw hna¿i-

ebmfwF´mwXcw

116 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

\-ß-fp-sSbpw Im¿ta-L-ß-sfbpw lrZbhnim-e-X-tbmsS AwKo-I-cn-°m\pw Dƒs°m-≈m\pw Km‘n-Pn°p km[n-®p.

{Iucy-Øns‚ IWn-I-t]m-ep-an-√. hntZz-j-Øns‚ hnjw Xo≠n-bn-ń√. sshIm-cn-I-X-bpsS X≈n-®-bn√; kwba-\-tØmsS kvt\l-_p≤ym F√m-‰n-t\bpw X∂n-te°v BI¿jn® hy‡n-Xzw.

{]kwKw Xbm-dm°mw

"Btflm]-tZiiXI-'Ønse hcn-Iƒ kwL-ßƒ°v \¬In tI{μm-ibw Is≠-Øm≥ ]dbm-a-t√m. Is≠-Ø¬ A[ym-]-I≥ t{ImUo-I-cn-°-s´.

Ah≥, Ch≥ F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ th¿Xn-cnhv A¿Y-iq-\y-amW.v \msa-√m-hcpw BZn-a-amb Hcp Bfl-ssN-X-\y-Øns‚ `mK-amWv. Ah-\-h\v Bfl-kp-J-Øn\v BN-cn-°p-∂h a‰p-≈-h-cpsS kpJ-

Øn-\mbnØocWw.

]mT- m-KØp \n∂v Ipń-Iƒ Is≠-Ønb Km‘n-b≥ BZ¿i-ßƒ IqSn tN¿Øv{]kwKw Xbm-dm-°-s´.

{i≤n-t°≠ Imcy-ßƒ

♦ kwt_m-[\♦ Bi-b-ß-fpsS {Iao-I-cWw.♦ A\p-tbm-Py-amb `mj.♦ i_vZ-hn-\ymkw♦ D]-kw-lmcw

Bi-b-kq-N-\-Iƒ

Alnwk emfnXyw kXy-k-‘X

hni-Zo-I-cn-t°-≠h

c¥n-tZ-h≥ : c¥n-tZ-hs‚ Zb {]kn-≤-am-Wv. `mcXbp≤m-\-¥cw Hcn-°¬ \mc-Z≥{]ikv-X-cmb 16 cmPm-°≥am-cpsS IY-Iƒ [¿Ω]p-{Xsc ]d™p tIƒ∏n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. Ch-cn¬ c¥n-tZ-hs‚ Zb, AXnYnk¬°mcw apX-em-b-h-sb-∏‰n {]kvXm-hn-°p∂]e IY-I-fp-ap-≠v. \nXyhpw c¥n--tZ-hs‚ sIm´m-c-Øn¬ hcp∂ AXn-Yn-Iƒ°v Blmcw]mIw sNbvXv sImSp-°p-∂-Xn\v Ccp-\q-dm-bncw tPmen-°m-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. cm{Xnbpw]Iepw Hcp-t]mse AXnYnk¬°mcw sNøp-∂-Xn\v At±lw PmK-cq-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p.\ymb-ambn B¿Pn® [\w apgp-h≥ {_m“-W¿°v \¬In.

(]pcmWnIv F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unb ˛ ]pdw : 1042)

i¶-cmNm-cy¿: tIc-f-Ønse s]cn-bm¿\Zn-bpsS XocØv ImeSn F∂ {Kma-Øn-emWv{ioi¶-c≥ P\n-®-Xv. {ioi¶-cs‚ A—s‚ t]¿ inh-Kpcp F∂pw AΩ-bpsS t]¿Bcymw_ F∂p-am-Wv. sNdp-∏-Ønte A\n-X-c-km-[m-c-W-amb _p≤n-ssh-`hw {]I-Sn-∏n-® {ioi-¶-c≥ thZ-im-kv{X-]p-cm-tW-Xn-lm-k-ß-fn¬ ]mfinXyw t\SpIbpw `mc-X-



Ønse ]fin-Xsc apgph≥ hmZ-{]-Xn-hm-Z-Øn-eqsS tXm¬∏n®v k¿h-⁄-]oTw Ib-dp-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn.

]pcm-WnIv F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unb Km‘n-Pn-bpsS PohnXZ¿i\w ˛ tUm. sI.A-c-hn-μm-£≥ Km‘nkmlnXykw{Klw Fs‚ kXy-mt\z-j-W- ]-co-£-W-IY Km‘n-Pn ˛ kpK-X-Ip-amcn _m∏pPn ˛ h≈-tØmƒ

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-ßƒ

Km‘n--Pn-bpsS hN-\-ßƒ

""Fhn-sS-bmtWm kXyap≈Xv, AhnsS bYm¿Y ⁄m\-hp-ap-≠v. FhnsSkX-y-an-√tbm, AhnsS bYm¿Y ⁄m\hpw ImWp-I-bn-√. AXp-sIm-≠mWvssZhsØ _-‘-s∏-SpØn NnXv F∂ ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. bYm¿Y⁄m\w D≈n-SØv F√m-bvt∏mgpw B\-μhpap≠v. AhnsS ZpxJ-Øn\v ASn-ÿm-\an-√. kXyw A\-i-z-c-am-Wv. kX-y-Øn¬ \n∂v Dd-sh-Sp-°p∂ B\-μhpw Aßs\Xs∂.''

""Alnw-k-bpsS icn-°p≈ A¿Yw Bscbpw t¢in-∏n-°m-Xn-cn-°pIF∂mWv; h®p-]p-e¿Øn-°q-Sm F∂√. Alnw-k-bmWv ]c-a-amb aXw. kXywkzbw {]I-S-amWv. AXns‚ ]mIw h∂ I\n-bmWv Alnw-k.''

""Bcpw-Xs∂ sXm´p-Iq-Sm-Ø-h-cmbn ]nd-°p-∂n-√. F√m-hcpw Htc-sbmcpA·n-bn¬\n∂p s]mńbpXncp∂ kv penw-K-ß-fm-Wv. Nne a\pjysc am{XwP∑\m sXm´p-Iq-Sm-Ø-h-sc∂p Icp-Xp-∂Xv sX‰mWv/AbnØw lnμp-a-X-Ønse G‰hpw henb If-¶-am-sW∂v Rm≥ Icp-Xp-∂p.''

""kzm-X-{¥-y-sa-∂Xv C¥-y-bnse P\-ß-fpsS kzm-X-{¥-y-am-bn-cn-°-Ww. Ahsc`cn-°p-∂Xv Akzm-X-{¥-y-am-bn-cn-°-cp-Xv. kzm-X-{¥yw Xmsg-\n∂v Bcw-`n-°-Ww. Hmtcm {Kmahpw Ign-bp-∂n-S-tØmfw kz-bw]-c-ym-]vX-am-I-Ww. kzm-X-{¥-y-Øns‚ A¿Yw kzm-{i-b-X-z-am-Wv.''

""\ΩpsS Bh-i-y-ßƒ Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\p th≠p∂ hI {]IrXn\nXyhpw D¬∏mZn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v Hmtcm a\p-jy\pwAh-\-hs‚ Bh-i-y-Øn\v th≠Xp am{Xw ssIs°m-≈p-Ibpw IqSp-X-sem´pwFSp-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬ Cu temI-Øn¬ Zmcn-{Z-y-sa∂ H∂v D≠m-hp-I-bn-√. Bcpw ]ń-Wn-In-S∂v Nmhp-I-bp-an-√.''

.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

118 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

`qan-bpsS kz]v\w

tUm. tPm¿Pv HmW-°q-dns‚ "{]Wb-Xmgvhc-bnse tZh-Zmcp' F∂ t\mh-enseBZy A[ym-b-amWv ]mT- m-Kw. P\n® \mSn-\p-th≠n aIs\ ka¿∏n-°p∂ Hc-Ω-bpsS Nn{X-am-Wv CXn¬ sXfn-bp-∂-Xv. aI-t\m-Sp≈ AΩ-bpsS kvt\lhpw Icp-Xepw t\mh-en-epS-\ofw Zriy-am-Wv. {Kma-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ `wKn, hnip-≤n, aX-ku-lm¿Z-Øns‚ ktμiw F∂n-hbpw CXn¬ ImWmw. Ipń-I-fn¬ tZiob t_m[w,aX-ku-lm¿Zw, cmPy-kvt\lw F∂nh hf¿Øm≥ ]mT`mK-Øns‚ A[y-b-\-Øn-eqsS km[y-am-hWw.

kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ [\-y-X-bmbn Hcp t\mh¬

`mc-X-Øns‚ A[-ym-flnI Awi-ßfpw ss]Xr-I-k-ºØpw ]›m-Ø-e-ambnhcp∂ Hcp t\mh-em-Wv" {]W-bXmgvhc-bnse tZh-Zmcp; AtXm-sSm∏w]m›m-XytemI-Øns‚ kwkvIm-chpw Iebpw qan-im-kv{X-hp-sa√mw CXn¬IS-∂p-h-cp-∂p. Hc¿Y-Øn¬ ]›mXy]uckvXy Z¿i-\-ß-fpsS Hcp kwhm-Z-amWp t\mh-ens‚ {]ta-b-sa∂p ]d-bmw.

t\mh-ense tI{μ-I-Ym-]m{Xw l¿j-h¿[-\m-Wv. C{km-tb¬ kz-tZ-in-\nbpwKth-j-I-bp-amb sskdbpw l¿j\pw XΩn-ep≈ {]W-bw, c≠p kwkvIm-c-ß-fpsS ktΩm-l-\-amb IqSn-t®-c-embn t\mh-enÃv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

l¿j-h¿[\s‚ Pohn-X-Z¿i-\-Øn\v ASn-Ød ]mIn-bXv AΩ-bmW.v ]nXm-hns‚ BI-kvanI th¿]m-Sn¬ Xf-cmsX l¿j-s\∂ DÆnsb Cu aÆns‚aI\pw [nj-Wm-im-en-bmb Hcp imkv{X-⁄-\p-ambn cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv BAΩ-bpsS Pohn-Xhpw Z¿i\-hp-am-Wv. aIs‚ tim`-\-amb `mhnsb°pdn®vD∂-X-amb kz-]v\-ßƒ s\bvX, Ahs\ AXn-te°v {]tNm-Zn-∏n-®p-W¿ØnbB AΩbv°v Ah≥ Xncn®p \¬Ip-∂Xv Cu kaq-l-Øn\p th≠nbpwaÆn\p th≠nbpw Pohn-°p-sa-∂p≈ kzbw ka¿∏-W-am-Wv.

AΩ ˛ `qanbpw {]Ir-Xnbpw aÆpw kwkvIm-c-hp-am-sW-∂p≈ kXy-Øn-te°v hnc¬ Nq≠p∂ Cu t\mh¬ l¿jh¿[\≥, sskd F∂n-hscIqSmsX \mb-Is‚ kplr-Ømb {]Imiv amXyp, ]ta-e, Ai-zXn XpS-ßnbIYm-]m-{X-ß-fn-eqsS `mc-X-Øns‚ Z¿i-\-ßfpw \∑bpw kuμcyhpwDb¿Øn-°m-´p-∂ Hcp {]W-b-I-YIq-Sn-bm-Wv.

`mc-X-Øns‚ sshhn-[-y-am¿∂ Z¿i\kwln-X-Iƒ, Ie, kwKoXw, Nn{X-sa-gp-Øv, lcn-Xm-`-am¿∂ {Kmaw, ssZh-k-¶-¬∏-ßƒ, kmaq-lnIPohn-X-Øns‚ hnip≤n F∂n-h-sb√mw CS-I-ecp∂ t\mh¬ ]m›m-XyZ¿i-\-ß-sfbpw Zm¿i-\n-I-scbpw Iem-Im-c-∑m-scbpw Nn{X-Im-c-∑m-sc-bp-sams° Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. H∏w bp≤-ßfpw a\p-jyZpcn-X-ß-fp-sams° IS∂phcp∂t\mh-en¬ b{¥-h¬IrX temI-Øn¬ \jvS-s∏-Sp∂ a\p-j-y-s\bpw Ahs‚

Bkzm-Z\w



taml-ß-sfbpw \jvSkvarXn-I-sfbpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

`mc-X- q-an-bp-sSbpw ]m›m-XytemI-Øns‚bpw Zqc-°mgvN IqSn-bmb t\mh¬a\pjy_‘ßsf {]km-Zm-fl-I-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

AΩ F∂ i‡n, hnIm-cw t\mh-en¬ DS-\ofw \nd-bp-∂p-≠v. ""tImXn-bn´\of≥ apSn, s\‰n-bnse henb Ip¶p-a-s∏m´v ....'' l¿j≥ kz¥w AΩsbAh-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv Aß-s\-bmWv. AΩ-bpsS s\‰n-bn¬ XpSn-°p∂ Nph∂knμq-chpw B apJ-{]-km-Zhpw Bfl-ssN-X-\-yhpw Xs∂-bmWv l¿j-h¿[-\s‚ AkvXn-X-z-hpw.

aqImw-_nImtZhn-sbbpw hym-IpeamXm-hn-s\bpw qanamXm-hn-s\-bpw kz¥wcmPy-sØbpw "AtΩ alm-amtb F∂p hnfn-°m≥ l¿j-h¿[-\\v t{]cW\¬Ip∂ i‡nbpw CXp-X-s∂. ssh[-h-y-Øns‚ sh≈hkv{X-a-Wn™pwkzbw ]oUn-∏n®pw Dcp-In-Øo-cp∂ F{Xtbm kv{XoIƒ \ap°p Np‰p-ap-≠v.kaq-l-Øn\v Ah¿ DØaamXr-I-Iƒ Bbn-cn-°mw. F∂m¬ ssh[-h-yhpwPohn-X-Øn¬\n∂p≈ Dƒh-enbepw A\m-Y-am-°n-Øo¿°p∂ Iptd _me-y-ß-fpap≠v. acWw A—s\ th¿s]-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ PohnXw AΩ-sbbpw \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ AXn-{Iq-c-amb Ahÿ. Chn-sS-bmWv henb Ip¶p-a-s∏m- p-sXm vDÆn-bpsS, hn[-h-bmb AΩ IS-∂p--hcp-∂-Xv. AΩ-bpsS kvt\lw am{X-a-√,hy-‡n-X-zhpw Hcp aIs‚ ]pcpj-{]-Ir-Xnsb Fßs\ kzm-[o-\n-°p-∂p-sh∂v\ap°v t\cn´v A\p-`-hn-°m-\m-Ip-∂p.

""]cm-Pn-X-bmb AΩ-bpsS aI\v \£-{X-]-Y-ßƒ kz¥w'' F∂ l¿j-h¿[-\s‚ Bfl-KXw am{Xw aXn CXn\p sXfn-hv.

imkv{X-⁄-\mbn am{X-a√, Hcp DØ-a-]u-c-\mbn, kplr-Øm-bn, Imap-I-\mbn l¿j≥ Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-\m-Ip-∂Xpw Cu amXrkv]¿iw \nan-Ø-am-Ip-∂p.-

˛ Fkv. aRvPp-fm-tZhn ({KŸmtemIw ˛am¿®v 2013.)


]mTm-h-X-cWw

]mT-`m-KØp \¬Inb- Nn{Xw hymJym-\n-°m≥ Ipń-Iƒ°v Ah-kcw \¬Im-a-t√m. Ipń-IfpsS {]Xn-I-cWßƒ t{ImUo-I-cn®v A[ym-]-I≥ t_m¿Un¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s´.

kqN-\-Iƒ

♦ thcp-I-fpsS {]m[m\yw.♦ sXmń-embn kwc-£Ww \¬Ip∂ hr£w.♦ XW-te-Ip∂ Xfn-cp-Iƒ.♦ A`-b-a-cp-fp∂ AΩ-bpsS km∂n[yw.♦

ebmfwF´mwXcw

120 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

Nn{X-Øns‚ hymJym\sØØpS¿∂v AΩ F∂ tI{μm-i-b-Øn¬ Ipń-IƒFØn-t®-cp-a-t√m. XpS¿∂v Ipń-Iƒ a\- n¬ kq£n-°p∂ AΩ-bpsS Nn{Xwhy‡n-K-X-ambn Fgp-Xm≥ ]dbmw. Ah ]c-kv]cw ]¶phbv-°-s´. lrZ-b-kv]¿in-bmb Ah-X-c-Whpw hmb-\-kp-J-hp-ap≈ GXm\pw cN-\-Iƒ s]mXp-hmbn hmbn-°m≥ Ah-kcw \¬Im-a-t√m.

XpS¿∂v kvt\l-k-º-∂-bmb Hcp AΩ-bpsS IY ]d-bp∂ ]mT- m-K-tØbv°pIS-°m-a-t√m.

]mT-`mKw Ipń-Iƒ°v au\-ambn hmbn-°m≥ Ah-kcw \¬Imw. hmb-\-sb-Øp-S¿∂v Ipń-Iƒ IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS t]cp-Iƒ Ipdn-°-s´.

sskd AΩ l¿jh¿[-\≥ (DÆn) {Kmaw

XpS¿∂v hnhn[ kwL-ßƒ°v ]mT-`m-KØp \n∂p≈ {][m\ aplq¿Ø-ßƒ\¬Im-a-t√m. Ah {]Xn\n[m\w sNøp∂ ]mT-k-μ¿ -ßƒ N¿® sNbvXv Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ Xbm-dm°n anI-®h Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

kwL-ambn Is≠Ønb ]mT-k-μ¿`-ßƒ {Iaambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´. ]mT-Øns‚ tI{μm-i-bhpw Ipń-Iƒ°p e`y-am-Ip-a-t√m.

at\m-`mhw

Ipcp-hn, IqSv, h≥a-cw, sNdp-imJ F∂o ]Z-ßƒ t_m¿Un¬ {]Z¿in-∏n-°-s´. Ch-bpsS hnti-jm¿Yw N¿®sNøm≥ Ah-kcw \¬Imw. Ah¿ {]Xn-I-cn-°-s´.

DÆn-bpsSP\\w.

IpSpw-_-]-›m-Ø-ehpw AΩbpw.

Pqlp-_o-®nsek‘y.

aIs\ cmPy-Øn\p\¬Ip∂ AΩ.

]T-\m-cw`w

sF.-sF.SnbnseD]-cn-]-T\w.



sNdnb ]£n

Db¿∂p ]d-°p∂p.

]m´p-]m-Sp∂p.

\b-\-kpJw \¬Ip∂p.

IpcphnkqN-\Iƒ-

sNdpXv

ap´-bn-Sm≥

kzbw \n¿an-°p∂p.

_mly-ku-μ-cy-Øn\p {]k-‡n-bn√.

Ipd®p ÿew aXn.

IqSv

i‡-am-bXv

A`-b-ÿew

At\Iw imJ-Iƒ hln-°p∂p.

XW¬ \¬Ip∂p.

F√m-‰n-s\bpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂p.

h≥acw

h≥a-c-Øns‚ `mKw.

sNdp-Xns‚ kuμcyw.

hf¿®-bpsS kqN\.

sNdp-imJ

N¿®-sb-Øp-S¿∂v ]mT-k-μ¿ -Øn\v Cu ]Z-ßƒ \¬Ip∂ hnti-jm¿Yw Ipdn-°-s´.

amXr-kvt\-l-Øn\p ]Icw

AΩ \¬Inb Dujva-f-amb kvt\lhpw B kvt\l-Øn\p Ipń-Iƒ \¬Inbadp-]-Snbpw Bfl-I-Ym-cq-]-Øn¬ Ipdn-°-s´.

]c-kv]cw ssIamdn GXm-\p-saÆw s]mXp-hmbn hmbn-°-s´.

XpS¿∂v l¿j-h¿-[-\≥ AΩ-bpsS kvt\l-Øn-\p-]-Icw \¬Inb kμ¿ -ßƒ]mT- m-KØp \n∂p Is≠-Ø-s´. Ipń-I-fpsS {]Xn-I-cWw t_m¿Un¬ {]Z¿in-∏n®v A[ym-]-I≥ t{ImUo-I-cn-°p-a-t√m.

kqN-\Iƒ

♦ A—s‚ th¿]m-Sns\ØpS¿∂v AΩ-tbm-sSm∏w ssItIm¿Øp.♦ ssIØ≠-bnse Hm´p-h-f-bn¬Xn-cp-∏n-Sn®v aSn-bn¬ apJw tN¿Øn-cp∂

kmb-¥-\-ßƒ.♦ Pohn-X-_-‘-Øns‚ s]m´mØ Nc-Smbn kq£n-®p.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

122 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

♦ F√m AΩ-am-cp-sSbpw AΩ F∂ Xncn-®-dnh.v♦ AΩ-bpsS hm’-ey-amWv Ahs‚ NphSv.♦ AΩ-bpsS hnizmkw ImØpkq£n®p♦ AΩ aIs\ cmPy-Øn\p ka¿∏n®t∏mƒ aI≥ kzbw AΩ-bv°mbn

A¿∏n®p.

CØcw kμ¿`-ß-fpsS shfn-®Øn¬ IYm-\m-b-I\pw AΩbpw XΩn-ep≈_‘-Øns‚ Bgw Xncn-®-dn-b-s´.

`qanbpw AΩbpw

`qan-bpsS khn-ti-j-amb Nne {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ h¿°vjo‰v¢mkn¬ \¬Im-a-t√m. `qan-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn™ Ipń-Iƒ ]mT-`m-KØp \n∂v AΩbpw qanbpw XΩn¬ F{X-tØmfw kmZr-iy-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂p Is≠-Ø-s´.

h¿°vjo‰v

amXr-Xz-Øns‚ alm-i‡n.

kzbw Icp-Øm¿Pn-°¬.

Pohn-X-_-‘-Øns‚ s]m´mØ NcS.v

A]-cm-Pn-X-bmb `qan.

k¿hw-k-l-bmb `qan-bpsS i‡nt{kmX- p-Iƒ

Ncm-N-c-ßsf ]c-kv]cw _‘n-∏n-°p∂p.

AΩ`qan

DØ-c-kq-NnI (A-Ω)

ssh[-hy-Ønepw ]pe¿Øp∂ i‡n. {]Xn-Iqekml-N-cy-ßsf AΩ AXn-Po-hn-°p∂p. {]Xn-_-≤-X-bpsS s]m´mØ NcSv. A]-cm-Pn-X-bmb AΩ. kvt\lw, klm-\p-`qXn XpS-ßnb aqey-ß-fpsS t{kmX . \mSn-t\mSpw hoSn-t\mSpw aIs\ ASp-∏n-°p∂p.

kz¥w thcp-Iƒ

thcp-Iƒ ac-ßƒ°pw aÆn\pw \¬Ip∂ khn-tijKpW-ßƒ s]mXpN¿®-bv°mbn \¬Im-a-t√m. N¿®-bn¬ Db¿∂phcp∂ Bi-b-ßƒ t_m¿Un¬ Ipdn-°-s´.

aÆn-ep-d-∏n-°p∂p.

hf¿®bv°p klm-bn-°p∂p.

{]Xn-Iqekml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ XpW-bm-Ip∂p,

aÆv kwc-£n-°p∂p.

thcp-Iƒ



thcpIƒ \n¿h-ln-°p∂ [¿Ωw t]mse IYm-\m-b-Is‚ hf¿®-bn¬ \mSpwhoSpamIp∂ thcp-Iƒ hln® ]¶v N¿®sNø-s´.

XI¿∂ IpSpw-_m-¥-co-£-Ønepw H∂pw Dt]-£n-°msX tN¿Øp-]n-Sn® AΩ.

AΩ ]I¿∂ i‡n-bneqsS hf¿®-bpsS thcp-Iƒ ]S¿Øp∂p. Db-c-ß-fn-te°v hf-cp-tºmgpw {Kma-sØbpw AΩ-sbbpw apdpsI

∏nSn-°p∂ IYm-\m-b-I≥. ]T-\-Øns‚ hnhn[ L´-ß-fnepw Db¿®-bn-epw DtZym-K-Ønepw

AΩbpw {Kma-hp-amWv i‡n-sb∂ Xncn-®-dnhv.

tIc-fob {Kma-N-n{Xw

"Fs‚ {Kmaw' F∂ io¿j-I-Øn\p Iogn¬ Ipń-Iƒ kz¥w {Kma-sØ-°p-dn®pw {Kma-k-¶¬∏-sØ-°p-dn®pw eLp-Ip-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°-s´. ]mT-`m-KsØ{KmaNn{X-hp-ambn F{X-tØmfw Ah hyXym-k-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v kzbwIs≠Øn°pdn-°-s´.

kqN-\Iƒ

♦ ""\mń≥]p-dØv ac-°q-´-ßƒ°n-S-bn-eqsS Hcp \mtSm-Sn-∏m-´p-t]mseIpfn¿°m‰p hoin. sIm®p \o¿tØm-Sp-I-fnse sXfn-sh≈w Hcp-an-®-W™v ]pg-bmbn Hgp-In. {Kma-lr-Z-b-Øn¬ Nμ-\-Øn-cn-Iƒ kpK‘w]cØn'' (]mT-]p-kvX-Iw, t]Pv 36)

♦ ""C√sØ DΩ-d-∏-Sn-bn-en-cp-∂m¬ hnim-e-amb hb-te-e-Iƒ ImWmw. Ime-∏-I¿® AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Irjn-`q-an.........''

Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ kam-l-cn®v "Fs‚ {Kmaw' F∂ ]Xn∏v Xbm-dm-°p-I.

thZw

hni∏v a\p-jys‚ ASn-ÿm\hnIm-c-am-Wv. A∂-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ t]mcm- -amWvAhs‚ AXn-Po-h\w km[y-am-°n-b-Xv. AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂-bmWv hni-°p-∂hs‚ssZhw A∏-amWv F∂ Bibw cq]wsIm≠-Xv. Zm\-ß-fn¬ ht®-‰hpw al-ØmbZm\w A∂-Zm-\-sa-∂Xpw CXns‚ `mK-ambn hcp∂ Xncn-®-dn-hm-Wv.

A\ys‚ hni-∏-dn-bm-sX, Ah-\-hs‚ ku`m-Ky-ß-fpsS aqeyw Xncn-®-dn-bmsXPohnXw ]mgm-°p∂ a\p-jy¿°p≈ adp-]-Snbpw shfn-®-hp-amWv Cu Ihn-X.

sshtZ-in-Im-[n-]-Xyhpw bp≤-s°-Sp-Xn-Ifpw tIc-f-Ønse an° {Kma-ß-sfbpw ]ń-Wn-bn-em-gvØn-bn-cp∂ Hcp Ime-L- -ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AØcw kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ ]ń-Wn-∏m-h-ßƒ°m-lmcw \¬In-bn-cp∂ \∑-bpsS Bƒcq-]-amb Nne AΩ-am¿ {Kma-ß-fpsS {]Xo-£bpw {]Im-i-hp-ambn \ne-sIm-≠p. Znh-khpw Dt∏-cnbpw(tXm-c≥)ao≥I-dnbpw Iqń kp`n-£-ambn `£Ww Ign-®n-cp∂ Ipń AXn-√msX `£WwIgn-°n-s√∂v ]nWßn \n¬°p-tºmƒ A∏p-dØv I™n-sh-≈-Øn\pw CØncn h‰n-\p-ambn Xnc-°p- Iq´p∂ ]mh-ß-sfbpw Ah¿°∂w \¬Ip∂ AΩ-sbbpw I≠v

ebmfwF´mwXcw

124 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

Xm≥ ImWn® Ahn-th-I-Øn¬ D≈p\odp∂p. B Ipń-bpsS Xncn-®-dn-hns‚ Ihn-X-bm-Wv "thZw'.

A]-cs‚ thZ\ Ah-\-hs‚ thZ-\-bmbn ImWm-\p≈ a\p-jy-Xz-amWv Pohn-X-ØnseG‰hpw henb ]mTw F∂ t_m[-Øn-te°v Ipń-Isf \bn-°m≥ Cu ]mTw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. H∏w Imhy-ssi-en-Ifpw khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw Xncn-®-dn-b-Ww.

]mTm-h-X-cWw

D®-`-£-W-k-a-bØv Hcp Ipń apgp-h≥ ]mgm-°p∂ tNmdv icm-icn Hcp ]nSn-bm-sW∂pw Aß-s\-sb-¶n¬ Hcp ¢mknse Ipń-Iƒ ]mgm-°p-∂-sX-{X-sb∂pwkvIqfnse samØw Ipń-Iƒ ]mgm-°p-∂-sX-{X-sb∂pap≈ Hcp GI-tZiIW°v A[ym-]nI Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´. CXn¬\n∂v D®- -£W ka-b-Øp-am{Xw]mgm-bn-t∏m-Ip∂ £-W-Øns‚ Hcp henb Af-hn-s\-°p-dn®v Ipń-Iƒ°v [mc-W- In´p-a-t√m.

F∂m¬ AXns‚ F{Xtbm Awiw am{Xw, Npcp-ßn-bXv Hcp]nSn tNmsd-¶nepwe`n-®m¬ HcmgvN IqSn-sb-¶nepw Pohn-°m≥ km[n-°p-am-bn-cp∂ a\p-jy¿ temI-Øns‚ hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn-ep-s≠∂v A[ym-]nI Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°-s´.

XpS¿∂v

hni∏pw ]ń-Wnbpw {]ta-b-am-Ip∂ t^mt´m-Ifpw {lkz-Nn-{X-ßfpw ¢mkn¬{]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p.

(DZm: sIhn≥ Im¿´¿, \n°vD´v XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS t^mt´m-Iƒ, Nn°≥ Aem-Im¿´, ao¬kv sdUn apX-emb {lkz-Nn-{X-ßƒ).

Zriy-ß-fnse {]ta-b-sØ-°p-dn®v Ipń-Iƒ {]Xn-I-cn-°-s´.

{]Xn-I-c-W-ßƒ t{ImUo-I-cn-°p-a-t√m.

kqN-\Iƒ

♦ ]ńWn temI-Øn\p ap∂nse henb Hcp bmYm¿Yy-am-Wv.

♦ a\p-jy-cpsS hnth-I-iq-\y-amb {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fmWv ]ń-Wn-bpsS {][m\Imc-W-ß-fn-sem-∂v.

♦ hni-°p-∂-h\v `£Ww \¬IpI F∂-XmWv G‰hpw henb ]pWy-I¿Ωw.

♦ ]¶p-h-bv°-en-eqsS ]ń-Wn adn-I-S-°m≥ Ign-bpw.

t{ImUo-I-cn-°-s∏´ Bi-b-ßƒ ]mT-`m-K-Øp-\n∂p Is≠-Øm≥ Ipń-Iƒ{ian°s´.

AXn-\mbn Ipń-Isf kwL-ß-fm°mw.

Hmtcm kwLhpw IhnX CuW-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

Ah-X-c-W-Øn-\p-tijw Ihn-X-bnse {]ta-bsØ∏‰n Iq´mbn N¿® \S-°-s´.

N¿®-bn¬ Dcp-Øn-cn™ Bibw Hmtcm {Kq∏pw s]mXp-hmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-at√m.

Ah-X-c-W-ßƒ t{ImUo-I-cn-°p-tºmƒ Ihn-X-bpsS Bi-b-sØ-°p-dn®v Ipń-I-fn¬ kmam-\y-[m-cW cq]-s∏-S-Ww.



]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

Ihn-X-bpsS ]›m-Øew ]ń-Wn-bp-tS-Xm-sW∂p Ipń-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn™p-h-t√m.

]ń-Wn-°n-S-bm-°nb Imc-W-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Ihn-X-bnse hcn-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Hcp eLp-N¿®-bm-hmw.

N¿®m-kq-N-\Iƒ1. {_nójv `cWw2. c≠mw temI--bp≤w3. tIc-fsØ Fßs\ _m[n-®p?

N¿®-bn¬\n∂v Dcp-Øn-cn-bp∂ Bi-b-ß-fn-eqsS kzmX-{¥y-Øn-\p-apºv tIc-f-Øn-ep-≠mb kmaplnI- km-l-N-cy-sØ-°p-dn®pw Zmcn-{Zy-sØ-°p-dn®pw kmam-\y-t_m[w Ipń-Iƒ°p-≠m-hp-∂p.

DΩ-bpsS at\m-`mhw

hni∏v hnj-b-amb tSmƒtÃm-bn°YbpsS kw{Klw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

IY-tbmSv Ipń-Iƒ {]Xn-I-cn-°-s´.

{]Xn-I-cWw t{ImUo-I-cn-°p-a-t√m. ssZhw ]ń-Wn-∏m-h-ßƒs°m-∏-am-sW∂pw a‰p-≈-h-cpsS hni-∏ns\ Adn™v A∂w \¬Ip∂XmWv DØ-a-amb I¿Ωw F∂p-ap≈ Xncn-®-dnhv Ipń-Iƒ°p-≠m-hWw.

IY-bpsS Bibw Ihn-X-bp-ambn Fßs\ _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p F∂v Ipń-IƒIs≠-Ø-s´.

kqN-\-Iƒ♦ hni-°p-∂-h-\n¬ ssZhsØ ImWmw.♦ Blmcw \¬Ip-∂Xv ssZh-]q-Pbv°v kam-\-am-Wv.♦ DΩ ]mh-ßƒ°v I™n \¬Ip-∂Xv ssZh-]q-PbmWv.

Cu kqN-\-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Ihn-X-bnse DΩ-bpsS at\m-`m-h-sØ-°p-dn®v Ipń-Iƒ Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°-s´. hmbn®v hne-bn-cpØn sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-a-t√m.

hncp∂ph∂ ssZhw

djy-bnse Hcp sIm®p-]-´-W-Øn¬ am¿ń≥ F∂ hr≤-\mb Hcp sNcp-∏p-IpØn Pohn-®n-cp-∂p. Hcp hoSns‚ Xmsg\n-e-bn-ep≈ sIm®p-ap-dn-bn-em-bn-cp∂pAbmƒ Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. Hcn-°epw Xpd-°m≥ Ign-bmØ Nn√n´ Hcp PmeIwam{Xta Abm-fpsS apdn°v D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. AXn-eqsS t\m°n-bm¬ sXcp-hn-eqsS \S-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂-h-cpsS Imep-Iƒ am{Xw ImWmw. IqSp-X¬ Ip\n-™n-cp-∂m¬ \S-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂-hsc IjvSn-®p-Im-Wmw.

sXcp-hn-eqsS \S-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂-hsc am¿ń≥ Xncn-®-dn-™n-cp-∂Xv Ah-cpsSsNcp∏v t\m°n-bm-Wv. Abmƒ D≠m-°m-ØtXm dn∏-b¿ sNøm-ØtXm BbnB ]´-W-Øn¬ Hcp sNcp-∏p-t]mepw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]d-™-k-a-bØv ]Wn-Xo¿Øv sImSp-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠pw ]W-tØmSv B¿Øn ImWn-°m-Xn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠pw Abmƒ°v tPmen°v Hcp Ipd-hp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.

Hcn-°¬ ss__nƒ hmbn®v Dd-ßn-t∏mb am¿ń\v Xs∂ Btcm hnfn-°p-∂-

ebmfwF´mwXcw

126 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

Xmbn tXm∂n sRń-bp-W¿∂p. ""BcmWv''? i_vZ-ap-b¿Øn Abmƒ tNmZn-®p. At∏mƒ kuay-ambn Btcm ]d-bp-∂-Xp-tI-´p. ""am¿ń≥..-\msf sXcp-ho-Yn-bn-te°v t\m°n-bn-cp-t∂m-fq.. Rm≥ hcpw''. am¿ń≥ Fgp-t∂‰v Np‰pw t\m°n.kz]v\-amtWm F∂-bmƒ i¶n-®p. ASp-Ø- {]-`m-X-Øn¬ Bsc-¶nepw hcp-∂pt≠m F∂ Bi-¶-bn¬ am¿ń≥ ]pd-tØ°p t\m°n-s°m-t≠-bn-cp-∂p.a™p-ho-gvN-bp-≈-Xn-\m¬ Gsd XWp-∏p≈ Znh-k-am-bn-cp∂p AXv.

At∏m-gmWv hr≤-\mb ]´m-f-°m-c≥ sÃ^m-\n®v ]pdØv XWp-Øp-hn-d®v\n¬°p-∂Xv am¿ńs‚ {i≤-bn¬s∏-´-Xv. Abmsf hnfn-s®mcp Nmb sImSp-Ømtem F∂v Nn¥n®v am¿ń≥ NqSp-Nmbbp≠m°n sÃ^m-\n-®n\v \¬In.Nmb hen-®p-Ip-Sn®v Abmƒ •mkv \o°n-h-®-t∏mƒ am¿ń≥ AXv ho≠pw\nd-®p-\¬In. Xs‚ kz]v\-sØ-°p-dn®v Abmƒ sÃ^m-\n-®n-t\mSv ]d-™p.F∂n´v Cßs\ Iqń-t®¿Øp; ""\Ω-sf-t∏m-ep≈ ]mh-ß-fpsS Acn-In¬ssZhw Fßs\ hcm-\m-Wt√?'' sÃ^m-\n-®ns‚ Ihn-fn-eqsS IÆp-\o¿ Nmep-Iƒ Hgp-In. ""hfsc D]-Imcw. Xm¶ƒ Fs‚ a\- n\p w ico-c-Øn\pw £Ww\¬In''. CXpw- ]-d™v sÃ^m-\n®v AhnSw hn´p-t]m-bn.

A¬∏w Ign™v ]mh-s∏´ Hcp kv{Xo ssI°p-™p-ambn AXp-h-gn -h-∂p.XWp-∏n¬ \n∂p c£-s∏-Sm-\p≈ hkv{X-ß-sfm∂pw Ah-¿°p≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. P\m-e-bn-eqsS I≠ Ahsc am¿ń≥ Xs‚ apdn-°-I-tØ°v hnfn-®p. ASp-∏n-\-cn-In-en-cn-°m≥ £Wn-®p. AZv`p-X-s∏´ kv{Xo aSn-®p-a-Sn®v Ib-dn-h-∂p.""Ipń°v sImSp-°m≥ Hcp-Xp≈n ]m¬ t]mep-an-√. Rm≥ Fs¥-¶nepw Ign-®n´v Znh-k-ß-fm-bn"" ˛ Ah¿ ]d-™p. am¿ń\v kl-Xm]w tXm∂n. AbmƒIpd-®p- `-£Ww sIm≠p-h∂v B kv{XobpsS ap∂n¬ h-®p.

Ip™ns\ am¿ńs‚ ssIbn¬sIm-SpØv Ah¿ `£Ww Ign-°m\ncp∂p.am¿ń≥ Ip™ns\ Ifn-∏n-°m≥ XpS-ßn. Ip™v Ic-®n¬ \n¿Øn. AbmƒGsd BÀm-Z-hm-\m-bn. £-W-Øn\v tijw Ip™n-s\-bp-sa-SpØv B kv{Xot]mIm-s\m-cp-ßptºmƒ am¿ń≥ Xs‚ s]ń-bn¬ \n∂p ]g-sbmcp Iºn-fn-∏p-X∏pw Ipd-®p-]-Whpw Ah¿°v \¬In. ""ssZhw Aßsb A\p-{K-ln-°-s´.Fs‚ Ip™v XWp-∏n¬ acn-®p-t]m-Im-dm-b-t∏mƒ \nß-fmWv c£n-®-Xvv.'' CXpw]d™v Ahƒ \nd-™-I-Æp-I-tfmsS bm{X-bm-bn.

ho≠pw tPmen-bn-te°p {]th-in® am¿ńs‚ lrZbw kt¥mjw sIm≠v\nd-™p. At∏mgmWv B∏nƒ hn¬°p∂ hr≤bpw Ah-cpsS IqS-bn¬ \n∂vB∏nƒ tamjvSn® ]mh-s∏´ ]ø\pw XΩn-ep≈ hg°v am¿ńs‚ {i≤-bn¬s∏-´-Xv. ]øs\ in£n-°m-s\m-cp-ßnb hr≤sb am¿ń≥ XS-bp-Ibpw am∏p\¬Im≥ ]dbpIbpw sNbvXp. AXp-tI v ]ø-t\mSv hr≤ am∏v \¬In. ""ssZh-Øns‚ hgn in£-bp-tS-X-√, am∏v \¬Ip-I-bm-Wv''˛ Abmƒ hr≤-tbmSv ]d-™p. ""Ipń ImWn-®Xv tIhew Nm]eyw am{X-am-Wv''.

A∂p-cm{Xn Xte-∂sØ kz]v\-sØ-°p-dn -t®m¿Øp-sIm≠v Abmƒss__nƒ hmbn-°m-\n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ apdn-bpsS Ccp-≠-aq-e-bn¬ \n∂v ""am¿ń≥\nßƒs°s∂ a\- n-em-bnt√'' F∂ i_vZw tI´p. -N-In-X-\mb am¿ń-t\mSv""CXv Rm\mWv'' F∂p ]d-™p-sIm≠v Nncn-°p∂ apJ-tØmsS sÃ^m-\n®vh∂p, s]s´∂v ad-™p. ]n∂oSv ssI°p-™p-ambn kv{XobmWv h∂-Xv.Ahcpw ad-™-t∏mƒ B∏nƒ hn¬∏-\-°m-cnbpw Ipńbpw h∂p. Abm-fpsSlrZbw B\μwsIm≠p- \n-d-™p.



Abmƒ ss__n-fnse mKw hmbn-®p: ""F\n°v hni-∂-t∏mƒ \o A∏w X∂p.Zmln-®-t∏mƒ sh≈w X∂p. A\y-\m-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ AIØv {]th-in-∏n-®p.G‰hpw Ffn-b-h-cmb Fs‚ tkmZ-c≥am-tcmSv \o C{]-Imcw sNbvX-t∏mƒ\o AXv Ft∂mSv Xs∂bmWv sNbvX-Xv.''

At∏mƒ Xs‚ kz]v\w bmYm¿Yy-am-b-Xmbn am¿ń≥ Xncn-®-dn™p.

(entbm tSmƒtÃm-bn)

\nco-£-W-°p-dn∏v

A°n-Ø-Øns‚ Ihn-Xm- mKw kwL-ß-fn¬ \¬Ip-∂p. Ihn-X-bpsS Bibw N¿®sNø-s´.

kqN\♦ a‰p-≈-h-cpsS thZ-\-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn-bp-I, ]¶p-tN-cpI, ]cn-l-cn-°m≥

{ian-°pI. Ch-sbms° am\-hnIaqey-ß-fmWv.♦ am\-hnIaqey-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ka-Im-enIkw -h-ßfpw kzm\p-

`-h-ßfpw Ipń-Iƒ ]¶p- hbv-°-s´.

N¿®m-kq-N-\-Iƒ1. Ah-b-h-Zm\w sNøp-∂-h¿, kl-]m-Tn-Iƒ°v hoSp h®p \¬Ip∂

hnZym¿Yn-°q- -ßƒ, \n¿[-\-cmb tcmKn-I-sfbpw A]-I-S-ß-fn¬s∏--h-scbpw klm-bn-°p-∂-h¿ XpS-ßn-b-h-sc-°p-dn-®p≈ hm¿Ø-Iƒ.

2. Zpc-¥-ß-fn¬ klmbw \¬Im≥ Xbm-dm-ImsX t^mt´m-sb-Sp-°m≥XnSp°w Im´p-∂-h¿.

3. BUw-_-chpw [q¿Øpw ioe-am-°n-b-h¿, Izt -j≥ kwL-ßƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-sc-°p-dn-®p≈ hm¿Ø-Iƒ.

N¿®-I-fn¬\n∂pw ka-Im-enI kaq-l-Øn¬ am\-hnIaqey-ßƒ°p kw`-hn®am‰-ßƒ Ipń-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn-bp-a-t√m. Ipń-I-fpsS \nco-£-W-ßƒ t{ImUo-I-cn-°-s´. Ah Hcp Ipdn-∏m°s´.

Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ s]mXp-hmbn hmbn®v sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

Ihn-X-b-cßv kwL-Sn-∏n°mw

Ihn-X-I-fnse am\-hnIX Ipń-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn-™-t√m. kam-\-kz-`m-h-ap≈ Ihn-X-Iƒ Ipń-Isf ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

DZm:1. B{^n° ˛ F≥.-hn. IrjvW-hm-cy¿2. sImt√-≠-sX-ßs\ ˛ kpK-X-Ip-amcn3. Atß hoń-te°v ˛ CS-t»cn4. hmg-°pe ˛ Nß-ºpg5. IpdØn ˛ IS-Ω-\n´

IqSp-X¬ Ihn-X-Iƒ Ipń-Iƒ Is≠Øn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

128 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

]pcm-tW-Xn-lm-k-ßƒ, thZ-ßƒ, D]-\n-j-Øp-°ƒ, hyXy-kvX-amb At\Iw \mtSmSn kmln-Xy-cq-]-ßƒ F∂n-h-sb√mw tN¿∂vcq]-s∏-´-XmWv C¥y-bpsS al-Ømb kmwkvIm-cn-I-ss]-XrIw.Im-e-ß-fmbn `mc-X-Ønse hyXy-kvX- `m-j-I-fn-ep-≠m-bn-´p≈kmln-Xy-cq-]-ß-fn-se√mw Cu kmwkvIm-cn-k-º-Øns‚ AS-bm-f-ßƒ hy‡-ambn ImWmw. ae-bm-f-`m-jbpw Cu ss]Xr-I-Øns‚ssI]n-Sn-®mWv hf¿∂Xpw hnI-kn-®-Xpw. Cu kwkvIm-c-ssN-X-\y-Øns‚ ]p\-cm-hn-jvIm-c-ß-fmbn At\Iw IrXn-Iƒ ae-bm-f-Ønepw D≠m-bn- p-≠v. Nn¥m-hn-jvS-bmb koX, I¿W- q-j-Ww, mc-X-]-cy-S-\w, c≠m-aq-gw, kn.-F≥. -{io-I-WvT≥\m-b-cpsS cmam-bW\mS-I-{Xbw XpS-ßn-bh ]pcm-W-k-μ¿`-ß-fpsS ]pXp-hym-Jym-\-ßƒ sIm≠v {it≤-b-amb IrXn-I-fm-Wv.

aebmf`mjbpsS hf¿®bpw alØzhpw DZvtLmjn°p∂shÆn-°pfw tKm]m-e-°p-dp-∏ns‚ "amWnIyhoW' F∂ IhnX,]n.-sI. -_m-e-Ir-jvWs‚ "C\n Rm≥ Dd-ßs´' F∂ t\mh-en¬\n∂p≈ I¿Ws‚ \oXnt_m[hpw [¿Ω\njvTbpw _‘ßfn-ep≈ hnizmkhpw hy‡am°p∂ "[¿ΩnjvT\mb cmt[b≥'F∂ mKw, ]d-bn-s]‰ ]¥n-cp-Ip-e-Ønse s]cp-¥-®≥IY-bpsShyXykvX hymJym-\-amb Pn. i¶-c-°p-dp-∏ns‚ "s]cp¥®≥' F∂IhnXbpsS Hcp `mKw F∂nhbmWv bqWn‰n¬ Dƒs∏SpØn-bncn°p∂Xv. ]pcmtWXnlmkßfnsebpw \mtSmSnkmlnXy-ßfnsebpw IYm]m{XßfpsS Imtem-Nn-X-amb hymJym-\-ßƒIpń-Iƒ°v ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm≥ Cu ]mT`mKßƒ klmbn°pw.

Imew Z¿in® ckm\p`qXnIƒ4.4

B ap Jw


Imew Z¿in® ckm\p`qXnIƒ 129

B Zmln®p hnS¿∂ PohIenIm˛

Pmeßfn¬, Imeta,

\o Z¿in® ckm\p`qXn ]Icq

a¬ ]m\]m{Xßfn¬!

(k¿KkwKoXw ˛ hbem¿ cmah¿Ω)

{]]©mcw`w apX¬ Imew Icp-Xn-h® ckm-\p-`q-Xn-Iƒ X\n°v]I¿∂p-In- s´ F∂v Ihn Bin-°p-∂p. Ah FÆ-a-‰-Xm-Wv. \ΩpsSamXr-`m-jbpw \mtSm-Sn-km-ln-Xyhpw ]pcm-hr-Ø-ßfpw ]pcm-tW-Xn-lm-k-ß-fp-sams° AXn-epƒs∏-Sp-∂p. amXr- m-j-bpsS alØzw Xncn-®-dn™v AXn-t\m-Sp≈ Xm¬∏cyw h¿[n-∏n-°m\pw `mjm-tijnDb¿Øm\pw CXn-lm-k-ß-sfbpw ]pcm-hr-Ø-ß-sfbpw ASp-Ø-dn™v AXn¬ sXfn-bp∂ am\-hn-I-Xbpw aqey-t_m-[hpw kzmb-Ø-am°n hy‡n-Xz-hn-I-k\w km[y-am-°m\pw Ipń-Isf {]m]vX-cm-°pIF∂ e£y-tØm-sS-bmWv "Imew Z¿in® ckm-\p-`q-Xn-Iƒ' F∂bqWn‰v hn`m-h\w sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

130 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

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ebmfwF´mwXcw

132 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

-

{]th-iI{]h¿Ø\w

]ctZinbpw alm]finX\pamb D±fiimkv{XnIsf sNdp-∏-°m-c-\mbIm°t»cn `´Xncn hmZØn¬ tXm¬∏n°p∂ Hcp kμ¿àmWv {]thiIambnsImSpØncn°p∂Xv. sIm´mcØn¬ i¶pÆnbpsS "sFXnlyame'bnep≈XmWvCu `mKw. CXneqsS `mjbpsSbpw kwkvIm-c-Øn-s‚bpw i‡nkuμcyßƒIpńIƒ°v t_m[ys∏SWw.

sFXn-ly-IY kwLß-fn¬ N¿®sNøp-Ibpw e`n-°p∂ Bi-b-ßƒ HmtcmkwLhpw ¢mkn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw thWw. N¿®m-kq-N\-I-fn-te°v FØ-Ø-°-hn-[-Øn¬ Nne tNmZy-ßƒ D∂-bn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

D±fiimkv{XnIƒ ""BImtcm {lkzx'' F∂v ]cnlkn®XneqsS F¥mWvDt±in®Xv?

""\ln \ln, BImtcm Zo¿Lx AImtcm {lkzx'' F∂ adp]SnbpsS s]mcpƒF¥mWv?

Cu sFXnlyIYbneqsS as‰s¥√mw ImcyßfmWv \nßƒ a\ nem°nbXv?

˛ Im°-t»cn `´-Xn-cn-bpsS BImcw (i-co-c-{]-Ir-Xn) sNdp-Xm-Wv. AYhmAt±lw Ipń-bmWv.

˛ A {lkzm£chpw B Zo¿Lm£chpamWv.

˛ t«jm¿Y-{]-tbm-K-Øns‚ `wKn .

˛ {]Xyp¬∏-∂-a-XnXzw

˛ `mjm-⁄m-\hpw Ah-k-tcm-Nn-X-amb {]tbm-Khpw.

˛ `mj-bn¬ CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ sFXn-ly-ßfpw ]pcm-hr-Ø-ßfpw [mcm-f-ap-≠v.

Cu N¿®-bn-eqsS amXr-`m-j-bpsS {]m[m\yw hy‡-am°n ]mT-`m-K-tØ°v IS-°m-hp-∂-XmWv.v.

amWnIyhoW

B[p\nI aebmfIhnIfn¬ {]apJ\mb shÆn°pfw tKm]me°pdp∏ns‚"amWnIyhoW' F∂ ImhykamlmcØnse IhnXbmWv "amWnIyhoW'. 1966¬tIcf kmlnXy A°mZan ]pckvImcw t\Snb IrXnbmWnXv. aebmfØns‚alØzhpw i‡nkuμcyßfpw {]uVnbpw ]pjvIeamb Imhy]mcºcyhpwhnfnt®mXp∂ IhnXbmWv "amWnIyhoW'.

ssIcfn°v hμ\w A¿∏n®psIm≠v Bcw`n-°p∂ IhnX `mjbpsSkuμcym\p`qXnIsf {]IrXy\p`hßfpambn _‘n∏n°p∂p. XpS¿∂vaebmf`mjbpsS ]pjv]hmSnbn¬ hncp∂p-h∂ Imhy{]ÿm\hk¥ßsfA\pkvacn°p∂p. `mjbpsS hnemkteme`mhßfpw hn\nabkm[yXIfpwlrZbmh¿PIamb BhnjvIcWtijnbpw Xncn®dn™v kmlnXycN\ \SØnb]q¿hIhnIsf hk¥¿Øphnse IpbnepIfmbn I¬∏n®ncn°p∂p.



kmlnXyIrXnIfmIp∂ ]q°fnse kmcamIp∂ tX≥ \pI¿∂v AXn\p Np‰pw]d°p∂ h≠pIfmbn h¿Wn®ncn°p∂Xv \ncq]Iscbpw A\phmNIscbpamWv.amXr`mjsbbpw FÆa‰ kmlnXyIrXnIsfbpw a[pamkhn`qXnIfmbnNn{XoIcn®ncn°p∂p. DW¿hpw Dt∑jhpw tcmam©hpwsIm≠v lrZbsØ{Xkn∏n°p∂ amXr`mjbmb aebmfsØ kwKoXØns‚ AhmNyambkzct`Zßƒ ]pds∏Sphn°p∂ amWnIyhoWbmbn I¬∏n®psIm≠v IhnXAhkm\n∏n°p∂p.

""shÆn°pfw tKm]me°pdp∏v h≈tØmƒ {]ÿm\tØmSv A[nIw ISs∏ń´p≈ IhnbmWv.i–_‘Øn¬ sNdnsbmcp IcSpt]mepw IecmXncn°m≥ {i≤n°p∂ Ihn. Hcp Ipfp¿a,Hcp am¿Zhw, Hcp am[pcyw ˛ ChbmWv shÆn°pfØns‚ IrXnIfn¬ \n∂p \ΩpsSlrZbØn\p≠mIp∂ A\p`hßƒ''.

(ssIcfnbpsS IY ˛ F≥. IrjvW]n≈)

]mTm-hX-cWw

kwL-ambn Ipń-Iƒ Ihn-X sNm√n Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´. Ihn-X-bnse Nne {][m-\m-ib-ßƒ A[ym-]nI t_m¿Un¬ {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p. {]kvXpX Bi-b-ßƒ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Imhy-`mKw Ipń-Iƒ Is≠Øn hni-Zo-I-cn-°-s´. -

{ZmhnU\μn\nbmbn hf¿∂ `mj

♦ -{ZmhnUw Fs∂mcp mjmtKm{Xap≠v. aebmfw, Xangv, sXep¶v, I∂UF∂nhbmWv Cu tKm{XØnse {][m\ `mjIƒ.

♦ Xangns‚ Hcp D]imJbmWv aebmfw Fs∂mcp hmZap≠v.

♦ BZn{ZmhnU `mjbn¬\n∂v kzX{¥ambn th¿Xncn™v cq]s∏´XmWvaebmfw Fs∂mcp hmZhpap≠v.

♦ {ZmhnUtKm{X]p{Xn F∂ A¿YØnemWv {ZmhnU\μn\n F∂p hnfn®Xv.

tZh`mjmarXw tN¿∂ `mj

♦ tZh`mj F∂m¬ kwkvIrXw. aebmf`mjbnse kwkvIrXkzm[o\amWv ChnsS kqNn-X-am-Ip-∂Xv.

♦ A£-c-ß-sf-°q-SmsX kwkvIr-X-Øn¬\n∂p [mcmfw ]Z-ßfpw ae-bmfwkzoI-cn-®n-´p-≠v.

A¥-co-£-Øn¬ kpK‘w ]c-Øp∂ IkvXqcn

♦ ae-bmfw sNdn-sbmcp tZiØp am{X-ap≈ `mj-bmWv. ]t£, AXns‚alØzw temIw apgp-h≥ hym]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

amWnIyhoW \o aońbmepw!

♦ amWnIyhoW F∂m¬ amWnIywsIm≠p≈ hoW F∂¿Yw.

♦ \hcXv\ßfn¬ H∂mWv amWnIyw.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

134 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

{]h¿Ø\hni-I-e\w

amXr-`mjm]pWyw

ae-bmfw amXr-`m-j-bm-bXv ]pWy-am-bmWv Ihn ImWp-∂-sX∂v kqNn-∏n-°p∂hcn-Iƒ Ipń-Iƒ hy‡n-K-X-ambn Is≠-Ø-s´.

""\n≥ap-e-∏m-ens‚ hocy-apƒs°m-≠-sX≥

P∑P∑m¥c-]p-Wy-at√''

amXr`mjsb ape∏membn I¬∏n®Xns‚ HuNnXysa¥v?

P∑P∑m¥c]pWyw F∂ {]tbmKw F{]ImcamWv aebmf`mjbv°vtbmPn°p∂Xv?

- ♦ AΩn™∏mtemsSm∏amWv amXr`mjbpw ]I¿∂pIn´p∂Xv.

♦ ape∏m¬ Ip™ns‚ k¿htXmapJamb hf¿®bv°v B[mcamWv.AXpt]msebmWv amXr`mjbpw.

♦ hy‡nbpsS am\knIhpw _u≤nIhpw `mh\m]chpw ssh⁄m\nIhp-amb tijnIƒ ]cnt]mjn∏n°p∂Xv amXr`mjbmWv.

♦ At\-I-P-∑-ß-fn-eq-sS e`n® ]pWy-amWv ae-bm-fn-bm-bp≈ P∑w.

N¿®sNbvX Bi-b-ßƒ Ipń-Iƒ Ipdn-∏m-°-s´.

Bi-b-`wKn Is≠Ømw

IkvXqcn, Nμ-\-ssØew XpS-ßnb kpK-‘-{Z-hy-ß-fpsS {]tXy-I-XIsf-°p-dn®vN¿®-bm-hmw.

hfsc Ipd™ Af-hnte D≈q-sh-¶nepw hnim-e-amb ÿeØv kpK‘w]c-Øp-∂p.

♦ B kpK‘w F√m-h¿°pw {]nb-¶-c-am-Wv.

♦ N¿®-bn¬ Dcp-Øn-cn-bp∂ Bi-b-ßƒ Dƒs°m≠v AXv amXr- m-j-bp-ambnFßs\ _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p F∂p ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.

- ♦ tIcfw ssI°p-S-h´w t]mse sNdnb {]tZ-i-am-Wv.

♦ k]vXkzcßƒ ]pds∏Sphn°m≥ Ignhp≈ kwKotXm]IcWamWvhoW.

♦ `mj hoWbmIptºmƒ A£cßƒ X{¥nIfmIp∂p.

♦ A£cßfmIp∂ X{¥nIfn¬ \n∂pXncp∂ kzc˛cmK˛\mZ {]]©amWvamXr`mjbpsS HmP pw tXP pw. ChnsSbmWv mj hnkvabw Xo¿°p∂kwKoXambn amdp∂Xv.

♦ amWnIyhoW F∂ {]tbmKw aebmf`mjbpsS sshin„yw, alØzw,am[pcyw F∂nh kqNn∏n°p∂p.



♦ AssZz-X-hm-Znbmb {ioi-¶-cs‚ tZi- mj F∂ \ne-bn¬ ae-bm-f-Øns‚Io¿Øn temI-saßpw ]c-∂p.

Bi-b-ßƒ Ipdn-∏m°n am‰-s´.

hcn-I-fnse Bibw

hk-¥-Im-e-Øns‚ khn-tijXI-sf-°p-dn®v ¢mkn¬ N¿®-.

kqN-\-Iƒ

♦ hk-¥-Imew kuμ-cy-Øn-s‚bpw kar-≤n-bp-sSbpw Ime-am-Wv.

♦ hk-¥-Im-eØv Ipbn-ep-Iƒ ]mSp-Ibpw h≠p-Iƒ tX\p-Æm≥ FØp-IbpwsNøpw.

♦

♦

♦ CØcw {]tXy-I-X-Isf ae-bmfkmlnXytem-I-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-I-fp-ambn _‘n-∏n°mw.

♦ kmlnXy-{]-ÿm-\-ßƒ (h-k-¥w)

♦ kmln-Xy-Im-c¿ (Ip-bn-ep-Iƒ)

♦ kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-Iƒ (]q-°ƒ)

♦ Bkzm-Z-I¿/\ncq-]-I¿ (h≠p-Iƒ)

♦ kqN-\I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ \S-°p∂ N¿®-bn-eqsS hcn-I-fpsS Bi-b-`wKn hy‡-am-°p∂ Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ Xbm-dm-°mw.

{]mkw Is≠Ømw

IhnXbpsS i_vZ`wKn IpńIƒ Is≠Øp∂Xn\p≈ {]h¿Ø\amWnXv."hμ\w hμ\w ! hm¿saØpw {ZmhnU˛\μn\nbmbn hf¿∂ `mtj,hμ\w hμ\w! NnØw Ih¿∂nSpwNμ\mtamZw Ie¿∂ `mtj'

hcnIƒ ¢mkn¬ {]Z¿in∏n°mw. mjm]camb {]tXyIXIƒ Is≠Øm≥ \n¿tZ-in°mw.

♦ hμ\w F∂ ]ZØns‚ Bh¿Ø\w.

♦ h, \, μ F∂o A£cßfpsS Bh¿Ø\w.

♦ \mep hcnbnepw c≠masØ A£cw "μ'bmWv.

♦ "`mtj' F∂ ]ZØns‚ Bh¿Ø\w.--

♦ i–`wKn°pw Xmf`wKn°pw th≠nbmWv Cßs\ A£c{Iaw]men°p∂Xv.

♦ hmb\°m¿°v XmfmflIambn Be]n°m\pw a\∏mT-am-°m\pwBkzmZ\`wKn°pw CXv klmbn°p∂p.

ImhyØn\v hmb\kpJw e`n°p∂Xn\mbn AYhm Ae¶mc`wKn D≠m°m\mbnIhnIƒ ]e am¿Kßƒ kzoIcn°mdp≠v. AXnsem∂mWv hyRvP\m£cßfpsS

ebmfwF´mwXcw

136 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

Bh¿Ø\w. as‰m∂v Htc hm°pIƒXs∂ Bh¿Øn°p∂XmWv. a‰p Nnet∏mƒHcp t«mI-Øntem Cuc-Sn-bntem BZysØ A£ctam c≠masØ A£ctamAhkm\sØ A£ctam Hcpt]mse hcmw. Chsb√w i–me¶mcw F∂KWØn¬ s]Sp∂p. Imhy`wKn h¿[n∏n°m\mWv C{]Imcw FgpXp∂Xv.

Bkzm-Z\w

"Ipń-Iƒ hnhn[ Iq -ß-fm-h-s´. Hmtcm {Kq∏nepw N¿®-bv°mbn Bi-b- w-Kn, i_vZ-`w-Kn, Na¬°m-c-`w-Kn XpS-ßnb hnj-b-ßƒ \¬Imw. N¿®bn¬ Dcp-Øn-cn-™p-h-cp∂ Bi-b-ßƒ s]mXp-hmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

kqN-\I-ƒ

Bibw

♦ ae-bm-f-`m-j-bpsS D¬∏-Ønbpw al-Øzhpw.

♦ IkvXqcn t]mse temIw apgp-h≥ kpK‘w ]c-Øp-∂p.

♦ kmln-Xy-Im-cpw {]ÿm-\-ßfpw.

♦ ae-bm-f-`mj IqSp-X¬ hf¿®-t\-S-W-sa∂ B{Klw.

i_vZ-`wKn

♦ ZznXo-bm-£c{]mkw

♦ A¥ym-£-c-{]mkw

♦ BZy£-c-{]mkw

♦ Imhy-Øns‚ hyXy-kvX-amb Bem-]-\-co-Xn-Iƒ.

Na¬°m-c-`wKn

♦ `mj-bpsS Xmf-tØmSpw Xm\-tØmSpw tNcp∂ tIc-f-{]-IrXn.

♦ `mjsb IkvXq-cn-tbmSv D]-an-°p-∂p.

♦ hk-¥¿Øp-hns\t∏m-se-bmWv kmln-Xy-temIsa∂ I¬∏\.

♦ ae-bmfkmln-XysØ amWn-Iy-ho-W-tbmSv kmZr-iy-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

bqk-ên tIt®-cn-bpsS ""kly-km\p{ipXn tN¿Øp-h® aWn-ho-W-bm-sWs‚tIcfw'' F∂ Km\iIew Cu Imhy-`m-Khpambn tN¿Øp-h®v N¿® sNøm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

s]mXp Ah-X-c-W-Øn¬\n∂p e`n® Bi-b-ßƒ kwtbm-Pn-∏n®v hy‡n-K-X-ambnBkzm-Z\w Fgp-X-s´. Ah-X-c-Ww, sa®-s∏-Sp-Øn Fgp-X¬.

Bkzm-Z\-°p-dn-∏ns‚ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ kqN-I-ßƒ ¢mkn¬ N¿®-sNbvXv cq]-s∏-SpØmw.

˛ DNn-X-amb io¿jIw

˛ IhnXbnse Bibßƒ

˛ hntijWßƒ

˛ khntij {]tbmKßƒ

˛ X-e-s°-ńs‚ HuNnXyw



˛ _nw_I¬∏\

--˛ Imhy`mjbpsS X\na (]Z`wKn, {]mkw)

˛ Xmf`wKn

˛ IhnXbpsS kaImenI{]k‡n

˛ kz¥w \nco-£Ww

˛ bp‡n-k-l-amb Ah-X-cWw

(kam\mibap≈ IhnXIfps≠¶n¬ AhIqSn N¿®sNøm≥ Ahkcsam

cp°Ww).

Bkzm-Z\amXrI

aebmfw lm! amaI`mj!

aebmf`mjbpsS Ncn{Xhpw kuμcyhpw ASbmfs∏SpØp∂ {]kn≤IhnXIfnsem∂mWv shÆn°pfØns‚ "amWnIyhoW'. ImeØns‚ ap{ZIƒ]Xn™XmWv `mjbpsS Ncn{Xw. tIc-f-\m-Sns‚ hiy-ku-μ-cyw amXr-`m-j-bpsS Imhy-ku-μ-cy-ambn ]cn-W-an-°p-tºmƒ ae-bmfw hniz-a-t\m-l-c-amb Aar-X- m-j-bmbnØocp∂p.

{ZmhnU\μn\nbmWv aebmfw. AΩbpsS ape∏mens‚ hocyamWv`mjbv°p≈Xv. AXv Hmtcm aebmfnbpsSbpw P∑m¥c]pWyamWv. Poh\v\qXt\mt∑jw \¬Ip∂ Nμ\kpK‘ap≈ aebmfsØ Pbn°m≥as‰mcp temI`mjbpt≠m F∂v Ihn tNmZn°p∂p. aebmfØns‚ a[pcKm\w tIƒ°ptºmƒ ISense XncameIƒ Xmfan´mSp∂p. I¬∏hr£ßƒa¿Ωcw s]mgn°p∂p. Im\\t®me B\μcmKw aqfp∂p. Aßs\ {]IrXnbpw`mjbpw Iq´ptNcp∂ kuμcycmK hnkvXmcambnØocp∂p aebmf`mj.

ISepw aebpw Xmtemen°p∂, ssI°pS∂ h´Ønep≈ CØncn hnkvXmcwam{Xta tIcftZiØn\p≈p. ae-bm-f-Øns‚ Io¿ØnbmIs´, \m\mZn°pwXm≠n temIamsI ]cnekn°p∂p. hnizw apgph≥ kpK‘w ]cØm≥IkvXqcn A¬∏w aXn. AXp-t]msebmWv {ioi-¶-cs‚ \mńse ae-bm-f-hpwF∂v Ihn ]pI-gvØp-∂p.

`mjbpsS ]qt¥m´Øn¬ F{X a[pchk¥ßfmWv IS∂pt]mbXv!IhnXbpw IYbpw B´°Ybpw h©n∏m´pw Xp≈¬∏m´pw BJymbnIIfpw\mSIhpw D]\ymkhpw \ncq]Whpsams°bmbn `mjmhk¥Øns‚\rØhnemkw. lrZbØneqdnb ImhymarX[mc sNmcn™v F{XIhntImIneßƒ `mjbv°v kzccmKkp[ ]I¿∂n√! AXp \pIcm≥ImhymkzmZIcmb aØ`rwKßƒ \nch[nbmbn `mjmcmasØ Np‰n∏d∂p.`mh\mkº∂amb `mjbpsS i‡nbpw at\mlmcnXbpamWnXv. CuhcnIfn¬ \nd™p\n¬°p∂ _nw_I¬∏\Iƒ {it≤bamWv.

`mj Imat[\phmWv F∂v Ihn ]d-bp-∂p. kmlnXyhmRvOIsfbpwklrZbs‚ A`nemjßsfbpw kêoIcn°p∂ ImemXoXamb"IeymW\nt£]w'. mjsb Pn°p∂ mh\ [\yhpw mjsb ]pIgvØp∂\mhv hμyhpamWv. `‡s‚ {]m¿Y\t]mse Xo{hhpw GIm{KhpamWv `mj-bpsS `mh-\m-temIw tXSn-bp≈ Ihn-bpsS [ym\(c-N-\m)-ap-lq¿Ø-ßƒ.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

138 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

tIcfØqsamgnsbm∂p tI´m¬ aXn,

tImcnØcn∏ns‚ sImbvØpImew

HmP n≥ ImXte, \ns∂tbm¿°psºmtg˛

t°mtcm lrZbhptamSntbmSw

F∂ hcnIƒ mjm{]Wbn-bpsS A¿®\mKoXamWv. a[p-c-kp-μ-c-amb ae-bm-f-samgn ]pf-I-ß-fpsS Hcp sImbvØp-Imew Xo¿°p-∂p. Poh-ssN-X-\y-Øn-s‚ ImX-emb ae-bm-fsØ°pdn®v Hm¿°p-tºmƒ Hmtcm ae-bm-fn-bpsS lrZ-bhpw HmSn-h≈w t]mse B\-μ-sØ-fn-\o-cm-‰n¬ Hmfw Xp≈p-∂p. h≈tØmƒIhnXbnse tZikvt\lØns‚ AesbmenIƒ shÆn°pfØn¬`mjmkvt\lØns‚ ams‰menbmbn amdp∂p. i_vZ-ku-μ-cy-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬Hcp hn´p-ho-gvNbv°pw Xbm-dm-ImØ Ihn-bmWv shÆn-°pfw tKm]m-e-°p-dp∏v."amWn-Iy-hoW' F∂ Ihn-X- Imhy- m-j-bpsS X\n-abpw {]mk- w-Knbpw sIm≠vthdn- p-\n¬°p-∂p. A\p-{]m-khpw ZznXo-bm-£-c-{]m-khpw Ihn-Xmkzm-Z-\Øn\vIqSp-X¬ klm-b-I-am-Ip∂p.

ae-bm-f-Øns‚ X\-Xmb Xmfw Cu IhnX--bpsS as‰mcp {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv.hm’eyhpw BtamZhpw P\n-∏n-°p∂ aRvPcn F∂ X\n \mS≥hrØØns‚`mhXmfw Ihn -Xsb lrZy -am -°p -∂p. `mjsb Xmtem -en -°p∂shÆn°pfØns‚ Cu hcnIƒ°v "aRvPcn"bpsS cmKhnkvXmcw Gsdkpμcambn-´p≠v.

Nμ\mtamZw, tZh`mjmarXw, hnizat\mlcw F∂nßs\ aebmf`mjbv°v\¬Inbncn°p∂ hntijWßƒ {it≤bamWv. Nμ\w XWp∏p≈XpwkpK‘hmlnbpamWv. `mjsb Nμ\tØmSv kmZriys∏SpØptºmƒ`mjbpsS lrZyX, X\na, kwthZ\£aX (kpK‘w) F∂nhbmWvshfnhmIp∂Xv . BtamZamIs´, BÀmZamWv. `mjm\p`hwlrZbmÀmZImcnbmWv. Nμ\mtamZw F∂ {]tbmKØnse [z\ymflIX GsdNn¥\obamWv.

amWnIyhoW F∂ io¿jIw ae-bm -f -Øns‚ kuμcyw apgph≥{]Imin∏n°p∂p≠v. \hcXv\ßfn¬ G‰hpw Xnf-°-ap-≈- H∂mWv amWnIyw.AXpsIm≠pXs∂ Aaq-ey-hp-am-WXv. aebmf`mjbpsS sshin„yamWvChnsS kqNnXw. hoWbmIs´, hym]n∏n°p∂XmWv. IqSmsX kzcsØP\n∏n°p∂-Xpw. aebmfØns‚ alØzhpw am[p-cy-hp-amWv amWnIyhoWF∂ hnti-jWwsIm≠v kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. amXr`mjsb CIgvØp∂ CuImesØ°pdn®pw IhnX \sΩ Hm¿Ωn∏n°p∂p≠v. `mjbpsSIgpØpsRcn°p∂ IS∂m{IaWßƒ°v ap∂nencp∂mWv \Ωƒ CuIhnX hmbn°p∂Xv. `mjsb Xmtemen°p∂ Cu IhnX `mjsb]cn]ment°≠Xns\°pdn®p IqSn ]dbp∂p≠v.

amXr- m-j-bpsS alØzw {]ta-b-ambn hcp∂ Ihn-X-Iƒ tiJ-cn®v sNm√nbhXcn-∏n-°pI.

Fs‚ `mj

h≈-tØmƒ

an≠n-Øp-S-ßm≥ {ian-°p∂ ]n©nfw˛

Np≠n≥tae-Ωn-™-∏m-tem-sSm∏w,



AΩ-sb-∂p≈ c≠-£-c-a-√tbm

ktΩ-fn-®o-Sp-∂-sXm-∂m-a-Xmbv

a‰p≈ `mj-Iƒ tIhew [m{Xn-am¿

a¿Øy∂p s]‰Ω X≥ `mj-Xm≥.

amXm-hn≥ hm¬keyZpKv[w \pI¿∂mte

ss]X-ßƒ ]q¿W-h-f¿® t\Sq.

AΩ ae-bmfw

Ipco-∏pg {ioIp-am¿

A—\pw AΩbpw {]W-bn®

`mj ae-bmfw

Ipºn-fn¬ I™n, hni-∏m-‰p-hm≥

hm°p-X∂ ae-bmfw

s]ß-tfm-sS√mw ]d-™p-X-fn¿°p-hm≥

h∂ ae-bmfw

Iqen t]msc-∂-X-dn™p ]nW-ßp-hm≥

Bbp[w X∂ ae-bmfw

hm°v

hn.- a-[p-kq-Z-\≥\mb¿

Fs∂-bp-d-°m≥ InS-Øp-sºmgpw sas√˛

sas√-bn-cp-ń-∂p-a-∏pdw {]f-b-Øn˛

sem∂m-benbns®Sp-°p-sºmgpw, ]ns∂

Rm\-dn-bmsX hnfn-®p-W¿Øpsºmgpw

F¥n-s\-∂n-√msXbpZ-b-KXn hne-b-ß˛

sf∂n-eq-sS-∂p-am-h¿Øn-®n-Sp-sºmgpw

hms°s‚b-Ω-bp-a-—-\p-am-Ip∂phm°n≥ hn-c¬ Xqßn-bt√m \S-°p∂p.

amXr-`m-jm-KoXw

inh≥ ap∏-ØSw

ae-bm-f-am-sWs‚ amXr-`mj

ae-\m-Sn-∂-`n-am\ tZi-`mj

aln-a-Iƒ \nd-bp∂ a[p-c-`mj

ae-bm-fn-Iƒ°p X≥ Poh-`mj.

Xp©\pw Ip©\pw sNdp-t»cnbpw

Xpbn-ep-W¿Øn-t∏m∂ Imhy-`mj

ebmfwF´mwXcw

140 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

C.-hnbpw kn.-hnbpw s\Sp-ßm-Snbpw

Cg-tN¿Øp-b¿Øn-b KZy-`mj

AΩ-tbIpw ape-∏m-ep-t]m¬ ip≤amw

\∑-tbm-ep-s∂mcp \√-`mj

P∑-Imew apX¬ Poh-Imew hsc

Däbpw Dbn-cp-am-sWs‚ `mj

{]Ir-Xnbpw `qanbpw BIm-ihpw

{]W-an®p\n¬°pw {]]-©-`mj

]q°fpw ]pg-Ifpw ]q\n-emhpw

]qt¥-s\m-gp-°p∂ ]pWy-`mj.

ssIc-fn-s°-∂p-a-\p-{K-l-ambv

ssIh∂ ku`mKy t{ijvT-`mj

ae-bm-f-am-sWs‚ Bfl-`mj

ac-Ww-h-sc-sbs‚ lrZ-b-`mj

amXr- m-j-bpsS alØzw hnfn-t®m-Xp∂ a‰p Ihn-X-Iƒ sse{_-dn-bn¬ \n∂p tiJ-cn®v sNm√m-\p-≈- A-h-kcw H-cp-°Ww.

]Z-]-cn-Nbw

tNme ˛ Im´-cp-hn, XW¬hr-£-tØm∏v

HmSn-tbmSw ˛ hnt\m-Zm¿Yw k©-cn-°m≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ thKhpw `wKn-bp-

ap≈ sNdp-h≈w.

HmP v ˛ Poh-ssN-X-\yw, a\- n\v D÷z-en-XXz{]XoXn Df-hm-°p∂ Hcp

KpWw.

IeymWw ˛ kuμcyw, \∑, awKfw

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-ßƒ

Fs‚ `mj ˛ h≈-tØmƒ \mcm-b-W-ta-t\m≥

Xd-hm-´Ω ˛ h≈-tØmƒ \mcm-b-W-ta-t\m≥

Imhy-\¿ØIn ˛ Nß-ºpg IrjvW-]n≈

ae-bmfw ˛ k®n-Zm-\-μ≥

ae-bmfw ˛ bqk- en tIt®-cn

Fs‚ `mj ˛ \oe-tº-cq¿ a[p-kq-Z-\≥

AΩ ae-bmfw ˛ Ipco-∏pg {ioIp-am¿

\dp-samgn ˛ H.-F≥.hn. Ipdp∏v

]n. Ip™n-cm-a≥\mb-cpsS Ihn-X-Iƒ ˛ ]n. Ip™n-cm-a≥\mb¿

ae-bmfssien ˛ Ipń-°r-jvW-am-cmcv

t{ijvT-`mj ae-bmfw ˛ tUm. \Sp-h´w tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥



[¿Ωn-jvT-\mb cmt[-b≥

alm-`m-c-X-sØ D]-Po-hn®v ae-bm-f-Øn-ep-≠mb IrXn-I-fn¬ G‰hpw {]ap-J-ambH∂mWv ]n.-sI.- _m-e-Ir-jvWs‚ "C\n Rm≥ Dd-ßs´' F∂ t\mh¬. ]cm-Pn-X≥ F∂p hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏´ I¿Ws‚ Pohn-XsØ al-Ø-c-am°pw hn[w ]pXnbho£-W-tIm-Wn-eqsS t\m°n-°m-Wp-I-bmWv Cu t\mh-en¬. B[p-\nI a\-»m-kv{X-Øns‚ kt¶-X-ß-fn-eqsS ]pcm-W-I-Ym-]m-{X-ßsf hni-I-e\w sNbvXv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ Cu t\mh-ens‚ ssien A\p-hm-N-Isc Gsd BI¿jn-®n-´p-≠v.alm-`m-c-X-Ønse CuSp‰ IYm-]m-{X-amb I¿Ws‚ [¿Ωm-[n-jvTn-X-amb kz{]-Xyb-ssÿ-cyhpw (kz¥w Xocp-am-\-Øn¬ Dd®p\n¬°p∂ Ah-ÿ) XymKhpwshfn-s∏-Sp-∂-XmWv "[¿Ωn-jvT-\mb cmt[-b≥' F∂ ]mT-`m-Kw. t\mhense ]Xn-s\m∂mw A[ymb-Øn¬ \n∂v I¿Ws‚ kz`mhkhn-ti-j-X-Iƒ shfn-s∏-Sp∂Nne kμ¿`-ßƒ Iqń-t®¿ØmWv ]mT-`mKw Xbm-dm-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

Ipcp-t£{Xbp≤w XpS-ßp-∂-Xn\p ap≥]p≈ Ime-L- -amWv ]mT- m-K-Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-ew. P∑\m Ih-N-Ip-fi-e-[m-cnbpw [oc\pw alm-{h-X-\p-amb I¿Ws\ ]mfi-h]-£Øp \n¿Øm≥ {ioIr-jvW≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂p. I¿W-t\mSv IrjvW≥XtØzm-]-tZiw \S-Øp-Ibpw I¿Ws‚ P\\clkyw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. IrjvW-t\m-Sp≈ kvt\lhpw IS-∏mSpw ]q¿W-ambn \ne-\n¿Øn-s°m-≠p-Xs∂ At±-l-Øns‚ Bh-iysØ \nc-kn-°p-I-bmWv I¿W≥. Xs‚ bYm¿YamXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ Bcm-sW∂v hy‡-am-bn´pIqSn Xm≥ kqX-\mWv F∂v ]d-bm-\mWv I¿W≥ CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. temI-Øn\p ap∂n¬ A]-am-\n-X-\mbn Xe-Ip-\n®v \n∂ X\n°v AwK-cm-P]Zhn \¬In-s°m≠v A`n-am-\hpw Bfl-hn-izm-khpw]I¿∂p X∂ kptbm-[-\-t\m-Sp≈ Iqdpw IS-∏mSpw AN-©-e-am-Wv F∂p ]d-bp-∂n-S-ØmWv I¿Ws‚ hy‡n-Xz-Øn\v tim`-tb-dp-∂-Xv.

alm- m-cXw apt∂m- p-h-bv°p∂ D∂-X-Po-hnX aqey-ßƒ°v aIp-tSm-Zm-l-c-W-amWvI¿Ws‚ Cu kz{]-Xyb-ssÿ-cyw. A[n-Im-c-ßƒ°pw kº-Øn\pw {]i-kvXn°pwB¿`mSPohn-X-Øn\pw th≠n F√m PohnXaqey-ß-sfbpw _en-sIm-SpØv kulr-Z-ß-sfbpw c‡-_-‘-ß-sfbpw IS-∏m-Sp-I-sfbpw \njvI-cpWw X≈n-°-f-bp∂a\p-jycp≈ C°m-eØv I¿Ws‚ Pohn-X-{h-Xhpw XymKhpw _‘-ß-tfm-Sp≈IS-∏mSpw D]-Im-c-kva-c-Wbpw A\p-I-c-Wo-b-amb amXr-I-bm-Wv. Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn®v icnbmb ImgvN-∏mSpw kzX-{¥-ambn Xocp-am-\-ßƒ FSp-°m-\p≈ Ignhpwicn-bmb Xocp-am-\-ß-fn¬ Dd®p\n¬°m-\p≈ Bfl-ss[-cyhpw Ipń-I-fn¬hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m≥ I¿Ws‚ Pohn-X-ap-lq¿Ø-ßƒ klm-b-I-amhpw.

-]mT-hn-i-I-e\w

t\mh¬`mK-Øns‚ {][m\ Bi-b-ßƒ a\- n-em-°m≥ Ipń-Iƒ hy‡n-K-X-ambnhmbn-°-s´. ASp-Ø-L-´-Øn¬ {imhy-hm-b\ \S-°-Ww. hmb-\-bpsS kzbw-hn-e-bn-cp-Øepw ]c-kv]chne-bn-cp-Øepw thWw. hmb-\-bn¬ e`n® Bi-b-ßƒs]mXp-hmbn ]¶p-hbv-°mw.

kplr-Øn-t\m-Sp≈ Iqdv, IS-∏mSv.

I¿Ws‚ [¿-a-\njvT.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

142 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

Pohn-X-aqeyw

XymKw

Xocp-am-\-ßfn¬ Dd-®p-\n¬°m-\p≈ Bfl-ss[cyw.

h¿W-\m-Nm-cpX

KZy-Ønse Imhy-`m-jbpw Na¬°m-c-`w-Knbpw Ipń-Iƒ°p Xncn-®-dn-bm-\p≈{]h¿Ø-\-am-Wn-Xv. Xmsg ]d-bp∂ hmIyw {]Z¿in-∏n®v h¿W-\m-`wKn BZywhy‡n-K-X-ambpw ]n∂oSv kwLØnepw Is≠-Ø-s´. GXm\pw t]¿ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´. s]mXp-N¿®-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°mw.

""cYsØ \bn-°p∂ sh≈-°p-Xn-c-I-fpsS..................... B h\-ÿ-ensb timI-`-cn-X-am°n.''

$ H‰-sbm-‰-bm-bp≈ Ipf-º-Sn-i_vZw F∂ {]tbmKw kμ¿ -Øn\v khn-ti-jm¿Yw\¬Ip-∂pt≠m?

$ cY-N-{I-ß-fpsS i_vZsØ {]]-©-Øns‚ Aa¿Øn-∏n-Sn® Ic-®n-en-t\mSv kmay-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xns‚ HuNn-Xy-sa-¥mWv?

$ kμ¿`-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂ a‰p hm°p-Iƒ Fs¥√mw A¿Y-X-e-ßƒkrjvSn-°p-∂p-≠v?

h\m-¥¿`m-KsØ \n»-_vZ-Xbpw AXns\ RvPn-®psIm≠v IS-∂p-h∂IpXncI-fpsS H‰-sbm‰ Ipf-ºSni_vZhpw D≠m-°p∂ A\p-`qXn Cuhcn-Iƒ°v khn-ti-jX \¬Ip∂p.

kμ¿`-Øns‚ Ak-μnKv[mhÿ hy‡-am-Ip-∂p.

hm°p-IfpsS DNn-X-amb hn\ymkwsIm≠v \n»-_vZ-X-bp-sSbpw i_vZ-Øn-s‚bpw kuμcyw krjvSn-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂p.

hcm-\n-cn-°p∂ shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-en\v km£yw hln-°m≥ Xbm-sd-Sp-°p∂{]]-©-Øns‚ timImhÿ.

IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS am\-kn-Im-hÿ.

KZy-`m-j-bnse Imhym-fl-IX.

-]mTm\p-_‘ -{]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

I¿Ws‚ \ymb-ßƒ

Ipń-Iƒ kz¥w hmZ-ßƒ ka¿Yn-°mdp≈ kμ¿`-ßƒ ]d-b-s´.

¢mkn¬ Xma-kn-®p-h-cm-\n-S-bmb ImcWw.

CjvS-s∏´ kn\na a‰p-≈-hscs°m≠v AwKo-I-cn-∏n-°p∂Xv.

G‰hpw CjvS-s∏´ ImbnI Xmcw.



Cßs\ kz¥w `mKw \ymbo-I-cn-°m≥ \Ωƒ ]e-t∏mgpw hnhn[ hmZ-ßƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-dp-≠-t√m. t\mh¬`mKØv IrjvWs‚ hmZ-ßƒ Ah-K-Wn-°m≥ I¿W≥\nc-Øp∂ \ymb-ßƒ Is≠-Øm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Smw.

$ I¿W≥ G‰hpw e÷n-X\pw A]-am-\n-X-\p-ambn Xe-XmgvØn \n∂ kμ¿`-taXv?

$ A∂v I¿Ws‚ klm-b-Øn-s\-Øn-b-Xmcv?

$ Fß-s\-bmWv I¿W\v Bflm-`n-am\w Xncn®pInń-bXv?

$ I¿W≥ Xs‚ hmZ-apJßƒ bp‡n-`-{Z-ambn Ah-X-cn∏n-°p-∂-sX-ßs\?

kqN-\Iƒ

Bbp[hnZym-{]-tbmKZnhkw I¿Ws‚ hwi-˛-Ip-e-˛-]m-c-º-cy-ßsftNmZyw sNbvXv Ir]¿ ]cn-l-kn-®Xv.

\nhm-c-W-a‰ (XSp-°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø) A]-am-\-t_m-[-Øm¬ I¿W≥ arX-Xp-ey-\mbnØo¿∂Xv.

cwK-Øp\n∂p \njv{I-an-°m≥ XpS-ßp∂ I¿Ws\ kptbm-[-\≥ AwK-cmPm-hmbn A`n-tjIw sNbvX-Xv.

B cmPyZm\-Øn-eqsS kptbm-[-\≥ I¿W\v Bflm-`n-am-\hpw Bfl-hn-izm-khpw Pohn-Xhpw Xncn®p\¬In-bXv, Xs‚ PohnXw kptbm-[-\s‚Zm\-amWv F∂ I¿Ws‚ A`n-{]m-bw.

Cßs\ B]-Øn¬ klm-bn® Hcmsf A¿Y-Øn-\p-th-≠nbpw A[n-Im-c-Øn-\p-th-≠nbpw Dt]-£n-°p-I-bn√ F∂ I¿Ws‚ ZrV-\n-›-bw.

\μnbpw IS-∏mSpw Poh-t\mfw hne-s∏-´-XmWv F∂ I¿Ws‚ \ne-]m-Sv.

{ioIr-jvWs‚ hmKvZm-\ßƒ

{]tem-`-\-ßƒ°v hiw-h-Z-cm-Ip∂ Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h-ßƒ Ipń-Iƒ°v D≠m-Ip-at√m.Ah ¢mkn¬ ]¶phbv-°-s´. AØcw kμ¿ -ß-fn¬ Inńb hmKvZm-\-ßƒ Fs¥m-s°-bm-sW∂v Ah¿ Ipdn-°-s´. ]mT-`m-KØv {ioIr-jvW≥ Fs¥√mw hmKvZm-\-ß-fmWv \¬Ip-∂-sX∂v Is≠-Ø-s´.

kqN-\Iƒ

tPyjvT-]mfi-h≥ F∂ ÿm\w.

]mfih-]p{X-cpsS _lp-am-\w.

IrjvW≥, ]m©m-e¿ F∂n-h-c-S-°-ap≈hcpsS BZcw.

cmPm-hmbn A`n-tjIw.

]m©men F∂ ]´-a-lnjn.

kqN-\I-fn¬ \n∂v Bibw Dƒs°m≠v Ipń-Iƒ Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°s´.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

144 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

I¿Ws‚ \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ

IrjvW≥ \¬Inb hmKvZm-\-ß-tfmSv I¿W≥ Fß-s\-bmWv {]Xn-I-cn-®-sX∂vIpń-Iƒ N¿®sNøs´.

{ioIr-jvWs‚ \n¿tZ-i-ßƒ°p ap≥]n¬ I¿W≥ kzoI-cn® \ne-]m-Sn-t\mSv tbmPn-°p-∂pt≠m? F¥p-sIm≠v?

bYm¿Y amXm-]n-Xm-°sf Xncn-®-dn-™-t∏m-gp-≠mb {]Xn-I-c-Ww.

{ioIr-jvW-t\m-Sp≈ kvt\lhpw BZ-chpw.

I¿Ws‚ \oXn-t_m-[w, Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ImgvN-∏mSv.

kptbm-[-\-t\m-Sp≈ kvt\lhpw IS-∏mSpw.

hmKvZm-\-ß-fn¬ ab-ßmØ kz{]-Xyb-ssÿcyw.

N¿®-sNbvX Bi-b-ßƒ Bkv]-Z-am°n Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm°mw, Ah-X-cn-∏n°mw.

hyXy-kvX-]-Z-ß-fpsS IqSn-t®-c¬

thZ-]m-cw-K-X≥ ˛ thZ-Øns‚ ]mcw Kan-®-h≥

{]]-©-hn-[m\w ˛ {]]-©-Øns‚ hn[m\w

hmIy-ßƒ ¢mkn¬ {]Z¿in-∏n-°mw.

kam-k-sØ-°p-dn®v So®¿ sSIvÃn¬ tIcf]mTm-hen bqWn‰v c≠n¬ hni-Z-ambn]cm-a¿in-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv {i≤n-°p-at√m. ¢mkn¬ AXv {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ømw.

]mT-`m-K-Øp-\n∂p IqSp-X¬ ]Z-ßƒ Ipń-Iƒ Is≠-Øs´.

Ipf-º-Sn-i_vZw ˛ Ipf-º-Sn-bpsS i_vZw

Ipcp-hw-i-Pm-X¿ ˛ Ipcp-hw-i-Øn¬ PmX-cm-bn-´p-≈-h¿

hoc-kz¿Kw ˛ hoc≥am-¿ FØn-t®-cp∂ kz¿Kw

Imem-\p-h¿Øn ˛ ImesØ A\p-h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv

òI-c-{]-Xn-k‘n ˛ òI-c-amb {]Xn-k‘n

thZ-im-kv{Xm-Zn-Iƒ ˛ thZw, imkv{Xw BZn-bm-bh

]mZ-[qfn ˛ ]mZ-Ønse [qfn

\ma-]Z \n¿ΩnXn

cm[-bpsS aI≥ ˛ cmt[-b≥

Ip¥n-bpsS aI≥ ˛ Iut¥-b≥

Ch ¢mkn¬ {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-I.

]Z-\n-jv]-Øn-sb-∏‰n tIcf]mTm-hen bqWn‰v c≠n¬ {]kvXm-hn-®n-´p-≈Xv{i≤n°pa-t√m.

CØ-c-Ønep≈ a‰p ]Z-ßƒ ]mT-`m-K-Øp\n∂p Is≠-Øm≥ ]dbmw.



]mfip-hns‚ ]p{X≥am¿ ˛ ]mfi-h¿

hkp-tZ-h-cpsS ]p{X≥ ˛ hmkp-tZ-h≥

{Zp]-Zs‚ aIƒ ˛ {Zu]Zn

C{]-Imcw \ma-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw t`Z-I-ß-fn¬ (hnti-j-Ww) \n∂pw CØcw\ma-cq-]-ßƒ D≠m-Im-dp-≠v. .

-IYm-]m{X\ncq-]Ww

I¿Ws‚ hy‡n-Xz-Øn-te°p shfn®w hoip∂ IqSp-X¬ kμ¿`-ßfpw kw`m-j-W-ßfpw hy‡n-KXhmb-\-bn-eqsS Is≠-Øm≥ Ipń-I-tfmSv ]dbmw. Ah IpńIƒAh-X-cn-∏n-°-s´. Ah-X-c-W-ß-fn¬ \n∂p Xmsg ]d-bp∂ kqN-\I-ƒ t{ImUo-I-cn-°mw.

$ I¿Ws‚ PohnX]›m-Øew.

$ IrjvW≥ I¿Ws‚ P∑clkyw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-t∏mƒ D≠mb{]XnIcWw.

$ IrjvW-t\m-Sp≈ I¿Ws‚ kao-]\w.

$ Bbp[hnZym-{]-tbmKZnh-k-sØ-∏‰n-bp≈ I¿Ws‚ Hm¿a.

$ IrjvWs‚ hmKvZm-\-ß-tfmSv I¿Ws‚ {]Xn-I-c-Ww.

$ I¿Ws‚ Dd® Xocp-am-\-ßƒ.

kqN-\I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ IYm-]m-{X-\n-cq-]-Ww Xbm-dm-°mw.

hy‡n-K-X-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°mw. sa®-s∏-SpØn Fgp-Xn-bXv t]m¿´vt^mfn-tbm-bn-te°v.

Cu Imhy-i-I-e-ß-ƒIqSn ]cn-K-Wn°mw:

$ ""k¶tS c£n-°p∂ am\p-j-\t√m _‘p''

$ ""{]Xyp-]-Icw ad-°p∂ am\p-j≥

NØ-Xn-s\m-°pta Pohn-®n-cn-°nepw''

-hniZo-I-cn-t°-≠h

Zmcp-I≥

$ {ioIr-jvWs‚ kmcYn (tXcm-fn).

Ipcp-hw-i-Pm-X∑m¿

$ ]mfi-hcpw Iuc-hcpw.

$ {]Xm-]-im-en-bmb Hcp tkma-hwi cmPm-hm-bn-cp∂p Ipcp. Iuc-h-cp-sSbpw]mfi-h-cp-sSbpw ]q¿hn-I≥.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

146 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

$ Ipcp [rX-cm-jv{ScpsSbpw ]mfiphn-s‚bpw ]q¿hn-I-\m-bXpsIm≠mWv]mfi-h-˛-Iu-c-h¿ Ipcp-hw-i-Pm-X∑m¿ F∂v Adn-b-s∏-´-Xv.

£{Xn-b-hwiw

$ NmXp¿h¿Wy-Øn¬ c≠m-a-tØ-XmWv £{Xn-b≥ ({_m“W¿, £{Xn-b¿, sshiy¿, iq{Z¿).

$ EtKz-Z-Øn¬ i‡n-am≥; \mi-Øn¬\n∂v c£n-°p-∂-h≥ F∂o A¿Y-ßƒ \¬In-bn-´p-≠v.

$ Ime-{I-a-Øn¬ tbm≤m-°-fmb Hcp PmXn-°m¿ F∂ A¿Y-Øn¬ £{Xn-b-hwiw F∂ t]cp-≠m-bn.

{Zu]-Zn-bpsS A©p a°ƒ

$ [¿a-]p-{X-\v P\n® {]Xn-hn-‘y≥.

$ òa-\v P\n® {ipX-tk-\≥.

$ A¿Pp-\-\v P\n® {ipX-Io¿Øn.

$ \Ip-e-\v P\n® iXm-\o-I≥.

$ kl-tZ-h-\v P\n® {ipX-I¿amhv.

A`n-a\yp

$ A¿Pp-\\v {ioIr-jvWs‚ ktlm-Z-cn-bmb kp`-{Z-bn¬ P\n® ]p{X≥.

$ hncm-S-cm-Pm-hns‚ ]p{Xn-bmb DØ-csb hnhmlw Ign®p. AXn¬ ]co-£nØv F∂ ]p{X-\p-≠m-bn.

$ Icp-t£-{X-bp-≤-Øn¬ ]Zva-hyq-l-Øn¬s∏´v ]Xn-\m-dm-asØ hb- n¬A`n-a\yp sIm√-s∏-´p.

[rjvS-Zyp-av\≥

$ {Zp]-Z-cm-Pm-hns‚ ]p{X≥. ]m©m-en-bpsS ktlm-Z-c≥.

$ ]mfi-h-˛-Iu-c-h-cpsS Kpcp-hmb t{ZmWsc h[n-°p-∂-Xn\p {Zp]-Z≥bmKa\p-jvTn®v D≠mb ]p{X≥.

$ t{ZmWsc h[n® [rjvS-Zyp-av\s\ `mc-X-bp-≤-Øns‚ Ah-km\ cm{Xn-bn¬ ]mfih IpSo-c-Øn¬ h®v t{ZmW-]p-{X-\mb Aiz-∞m-amhv ({ZuWn){Iqc-ambn h[n-®p.

[uay≥

$ ]mfi-h-cpsS Ipe-Kp-cp-hmb Hcp al¿jn. Ah-cpsS F√m I¿Ωß-

fnepw BflobKpcp-hmbn {]tim-`n-®n-cp∂ ]ptcm-ln-X≥.

]m©me ˛ am’y ˛ tNZn-cmPyw

$ `mc-X-Ønse Hcp {]mNo-\-cm-Py-amWv ]m©m-e-cm-Pyw. ]mfi-h- m-cy-bmb{Zu]Zn ]m©mecmPm-hmb {Zp]-Zs‚ aI-fm-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv ]m©menF∂ t]cp-h-∂-Xv.



$ hncmScmPm-hns‚ cmPyw. ]mfi-h-cpsS A⁄m-X-hmkw hncmScmP-[m-\n-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p. hncm-S≥ `mc-X-bp-≤-Øn¬ t{ZmW-cm¬ h[n-°-s∏-´p.

$ hnjvWp-hn¬\n∂v XpS-ßp∂ hwim-h-en-bpsS Ah-km-\sØ IÆn-bmWvtNZn. At±lw `cn-®n-cp∂ cmPy-amWv tNZn-cmPyw. tNZn-bn¬\n∂v tNZnhwiw XpS-ßp-∂p.

]´-a-lnjn

$ cm⁄n-sb∂ ]´w e`n-®n-´p≈ {][m\ `mcy.

$ ]´m-`n-tj-I-k-a-bØv `¿Øm-hn-s\m∏w knwlm-k-\-Øn-en-cp∂v A`n-jn-‡-bm-b-hƒ.

Ir]¿

$ Ir]m-Nm-cy¿ : [\p¿th-Z-]m-cw-K-X-\mb ic-Zzm≥ F∂ ap\n°v Pzmem-hXn F∂ A]vkckv{Xobn¬ P\n® ]p{X≥. t{ZmW¿°p-apºv Iuch]mfi-h∑msc Akv{X-hnZy A`y-kn-∏n-®Xv Ct±-l-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ggv Nncw-Po-hn-I-fn¬ Hcmƒ.

A·ym-lpXn ˛ a{¥-P-]-tØmSpIqSn ([ym\-tØm-Sp-IqSn) tlma-{Zhyw A·n-bn¬ A¿∏n-°p-∂Xv.

X]vX-[mc ˛ ZpxJ-{]-hmlw

\nhm-c-W-a‰ ˛ XSp-°m≥ Ign-bmØ

\njv{I-an-°pI ˛ ]pdØpt]mhpI

]cn-{K-ln-°pI ˛ kzoIcn°pI

thZ-]m-cw-K-X≥ ˛ thZ-Øns‚ ]mcw -K-an-®-h≥

(thZ-Øns‚ adp-Ic FØnb-h≥)

tizXmizw ˛ sh≈-°p-Xnc

lnXw ˛ DNn-X-am-b-Xv, ip`-am-bXv

I¿W≥ tI{μIYm-]m-{X-ambn hcp∂ Ir-Xn-Ifn¬ NneXv

C\n Rm≥ Dd-ßs´ ˛ ]n.sI. _me-Ir-jvW≥

I¿W-`q-jWw ˛ D≈q¿ Fkv. ]c-ta-iz-c-ø¿

I¿W≥ ˛ inhmPn kmh¥v

Fs‚ I¿W≥ ˛ hn.Sn. \μ-Ip-am¿

`mc-X-]-cy-S\w ˛ Ipń-°r-jvW-am-cmcv

AtΩ Km‘mcn ˛ sI.-_n.- {io-tZhn

ebmfwF´mwXcw

148 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

s]cp-¥-®≥

{]Xo-Im-flI Ihn-X-bpsS i‡-\mb h‡m-hm-b Pn. i¶-c-°p-dp-∏ns‚ IrXn-I-fn¬ Gsd {it≤-b-amWv "s]cp-¥-®≥'. ]pcm-hr-Ø-Øns‚ ]p\-cm-Jym-\-sat∂m]p\¿hm-b\ Ft∂m CXns\ hnti-jn-∏n-°mw. Bhn-jvIm-c-Øns‚ \qX-\XzwsIm≠vv {it≤-b-am-Wv "s]cp-¥-®≥'. tIc-fobkaq-l-Øn¬ Nnc-{]-XnjvT t\Snb]pcm-hr-Ø-amWv s]cp-¥-®s‚ IY. A—-t\-°mƒ ka¿Y-\mb aI-t\mSv Akq-b-aqØ s]cp-¥-®≥ aIs\ Dfn-hogvØn sIm∂p F∂-mWv ]pcm-hr-Øw. B ]pcm-hr-Ø-Øn\v ]pXn-sbmcp hymJym\w Na-bv°p-I-bmWv Pn. i¶-c-°p-dp∏v.

Dfn-hoWv Xe-b‰v tNmc-bn¬ InS∂p ]nS-bp∂ aI-s\-°≠v tImWn-∏-Sn-bn¬ Imep-d-bv°msX s]cp-¥-®≥ tam¥m-b-Øn¬\n∂v Xmsg hogp-∂p. B hogvN-bn¬ icocwXf¿∂p-t]mb s]cp-¥-®≥ B InS-∏n¬\n∂v Fgp-t∂-‰n-ń-√. amk-ßfpw h¿j-ßfpw IS-∂p-t]m-bn. \ncm-ew-_-\m-bn, \njv{In-b-\m-bn, kaq-l-Øns‚ H‰-s∏-SpØ¬G‰p-hmßn A]-am-\n-X-\mbn InS-°p∂ B ]Sp-hr-≤s‚ Bfl-hn-em-]hpw A¥- w-L¿j-ßfpw Cu Ihn-X-bn¬ at\m-l-c-ambn Nn{Xo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. s]cp-¥-®s‚ XocmØ Bfl-kw-L¿jw, \jvS-t_m-[w, ]p{X-kvt\-lw, sXmgn-en-t\m-Sp≈CjvSw, ac-ß-tfm-Sp≈ Cºw, sXmgn¬ sNøm-\p≈ shº¬ F∂n-h-sb√mw Cu`mKØv ImWmw.

s]cp-¥-®≥ kzK-X-`m-j-W-ß-fpsS ssien-bn¬ kzX-{¥-amb kvarXnk©mcw\SØp∂ coXn-bn-emWv IhnX cNn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu coXnsb \mS-Iob kzK-Xm-Jym\w (Dramatical Monologue) F∂mWv ]d-bp-I. Cu hn`m-K-Ønse G‰hpw anI®Imhy-ß-fn-sem-∂mWv "s]cp-¥-®≥'. ]pcm-hr-Ø-ß-fpsS ]p\-cm-Jym\w ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm\pw AØcw kmln-Xy-]p-cm-W-I-Ym-]m-{X-ßsf thdn- -co-Xn-bn¬ Nn¥n-°m\pwBhn-jvI-cn-°m\pw Cu ]mT-`mKw klm-b-I-am-tI-≠-Xp-≠v. \mS-Iob kzK-Xm-Jym\w F∂ kmlnXykt¶Xw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm\pw ]mT-`m-K-Øn-eqsS Ign-bp-∂p.

-]mTm-h-X-cWw

Fw.-Sn-. Xnc-°-Y-sb-gp-Xnb "s]cp-¥-®≥' F∂ kn\n-a-bnse {]k-‡-`m-K-ßƒ{]Z¿in-∏n-®p-sIm≠v A—≥- -a-I≥ _‘Øns‚ hnhn-[-X-e-ßfpsS N¿® ¢mkn¬\S-°-s´.

1. Gsd-°m-e-Øn\p tijw hoń-se-Øp∂ s]cp-¥-®≥ aI\v aS-en¬ ]mh D≠m-°n-s°m-Sp-°p∂ cwKw.

2. ]me-Øn¬ A—\pw aI\pw ]mhsb ÿm]n-°p-∂ kμ¿`w. aIs‚ ]mhA—s‚ ]mh-bpsS Ic-W-Ø-Sn-°p∂Xv.

$ BZy Zriy-Øn¬ aI\pw A—\pw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-Øns‚ Dujva-fX F{X-tØm-f-ap≠v?

$ c≠m-asØ Zriy-Øn¬ Cu kvt\l-_-‘Øn\v Fs¥-¶nepw hyXymkw A\p--h-s∏-Sp-∂pt≠m?

A—\pw aI\pw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w Is≠Øn Ipń-Iƒ ]mT- mKw hmbn-°s´.XpS¿∂v CuWw Is≠Øn Be-]n-°mw. AXn\ptijw A[ym-]nI sNm√p-∂Xv {ihn-°m-\p≈ Ah-kcw Ipń-Iƒ°v e`n-°p-Itbm Imhymem-]-\-Øns‚HmUn-tbm-˛-ho-Untbm Bkz-Zn-°m-\p≈ Ah-kcw e`n-°p-Itbm thWw.



Bg-Øn-ep≈ Imhym-kzm-Z-\-Øn\v klm-bn-°p∂ Nne tNmZy-ßƒ D∂-bn-°mw.

$ s]cp-¥-®≥ kzbw hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-sX-ßs\?

$ At±lw AZ-ay-ambn B{K-ln-°p-∂-sX¥v?

$ ac-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Nn¥ s]cp-¥-®≥ ]¶phbv°p-∂-sX-ßs\?

$ \m\n-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ At±-l-Øns‚ Hm¿Ω-I-sf-s¥√mw?

$ s]cp-¥-®≥ hnXp-ºn-t∏m-b-sXt∏mƒ?

$ Xs‚ aIs‚ kma¿Yy-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ s]cp-¥-®s‚ hnNm-c-sa¥v?

$ s]cp-¥-®-s\-Xn-cmb A]-hm-Z-ßƒ°v At±lw ]d-bp∂ adp-]-Sn-sb¥v?

Xs‚ icocw ]qX-en-®p-t]mbn.

buh-\-Im-e-Øn-se-∂-t]mse ho≠pw ]Wn-im-e-bn-seØn sXmgn-ens‚elcn \pW-bm≥ At±lw sImXn-°p-∂p.

ac-ßƒ ImWp-∂Xv Cº-am-Wv.

Ct∏mƒ Inf-hn-bmb \m\n ]≠v ]qØ sNº-I-sØ-t∏mse aq∂pwIqńapdp°n, Nncn®v ]qØ sh≈n-e-t]mse Acn-In¬ \n∂n-cp-∂p.

Ct∏mƒ Xf¿∂p-In-S-°p∂ Xs∂ Xmßm≥ \m\n°v Ign-bp-∂n√ F∂vHm¿Ø-t∏mƒ.

Xm≥ tXm‰mepw aI≥ Pbn-°p-∂Xv GX-—\pw A`n-am\w am{Xw. Ah\vIn´p∂ Io¿Øn X\n°pw IqSn-bm-Wv.

Xms\mcp X®-\m-sW-¶nepw A—≥ IqSn-bt√.

-hni-Zo-I-c-W-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ

$ s]mØv ˛ (t]mSv) ac-ß-fn¬ tISp-h∂v {Zhn-®p-≠m-Ip∂ Ipgn. ChnsS

{Zhn® hoSns\ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

$ Fepºv ˛ F√v

$ I´-s∏m-∂p-t]m¬ ˛ πmhns‚ ImX-en\v I\I\nd-am-Wv.

$ CdbØv ˛ XnÆ-bn¬

$ Dfn-b-∂q¿ Bep-hm-∏p-g-bpsS Ic-bn-ep≈ {Kmaw. CXv ]≠v Bim-cn-am-

cpsS {Kmaw Bhmw.

Dfn-b-∂q¿ X-®≥

hc-cp-Nn-bm¬ Dt]-£n-°-s∏´ Ip™ns\ Dfn-b-∂q-cnse Hcp X®-\mWv FSpØphf¿Øn-b-sX∂pw Aßs\ Dfn-b-∂q¿ s]cp-¥-®-\m-sb∂pw sFXn-lyw. tIc-f-Ønse \nc-h[n t£{X-ßƒ Ct±-l-amWv \n¿Ωn-®-sX∂v hniz-kn-°s∏Sp-∂p.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

150 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

$ tImev ˛ ]gb Hcp Af-hv. Hcp tIm¬ GXm≠v c≠-c-bSn hcpw.

$ Ducm-◊-°m¿ ˛ t£{Xm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ, Ducv `cn-°p-∂-h¿

$ Noem¥n ˛ DØ-chpw ta¬s°´pw Xmßp∂ henb Xpemw (tam¥m-bw)

$ \m\n ˛ s]cp-¥-®s‚ `mcy

$ DSºv ˛ DS-ens‚ hSnhv

$ aq∂pw Iq´pI ˛ ]pI-bne Hgn-hm°n apdp-°pI, kv{XoI-fpsS apdp°v

$ ]qØ-sh-≈ne sh≈ Ce-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Hcp Ip‰n-s®-Sn. CXn¬ Ce-Iƒ°v\√ sh≈ \nd-am-bn-cn-°pw.

$ sXm¶n-tØßn ˛ ]c-k-lm-b-tØm-sS, Xmßn-∏n-Sn-®v, G¥n-h-en™v

$ ]Wn-°qdv ˛ Ipe-sØm-gn¬ sNøp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ah-Imiw

$ [zPw ˛ sImSn-acw

$ KcpUhn{Klw ˛ sshjvWht£{X-ß-fn¬ hml-\-amb Kcp-Us‚ inev]wsImSn-a-c-Øn¬ ÿm]n-°m-dp≠v.AjvS-Zn-Iv]m-e-I¿ ˛ F´v Zn°p-Isf ]men-°p-∂-h¿Ing°v ˛ N{μ≥sX°p-In-g°v ˛ h”nsX°v ˛ ba≥sX°p]-Sn-™mdv ˛ \ncrXn]Sn-™mdv ˛ hcp-W≥hS-°p-]-Sn-™mdv ˛ hmbphS°v ˛ Ipt_-c≥hS°pIng°v ˛ Cui≥ (inh≥)

BImiØns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ

BIm-i-Øns‚ hyXykvX mh-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Ipń-Iƒ {]Xn-I-cn-°-s´. A[ym-]nIt_m¿Un¬ FgpXp-∂p. XpS¿∂v hcn-Iƒ {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p.

""Icn-ho-ń-X≥ ImX¬ IS™p Ipgn®p h˛∑cnI Ia-gvØnb t]msegpw hnÆn≥ Xmsg.''

$ acnI F¥mWv?

$ BIm-isØ F¥n-t\mSmWv kmZr-iy-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv?

$ Cßs\ h¿Wn-°m≥ Imc-W-sa¥v?

˛ acw sIm≠p-≠m-°p∂ Hcp Xcw ]m{X-amWv acnI.

˛ Hcp henb ac-∏m{Xw (acn-I) Ia-gvØn-h-®m¬ F{]-Im-c-amtWm, A{]Imc-

amWv BIm-i-Øns‚ BIrXn F∂p kmcw.

]mTm-\p-_‘ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ



˛ BIm-i-sØ Ia-gvØn-h-®n-cn-°p∂ h∑-cn-I-tbmSv kmZr-iy-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-

cn-°p-∂p.

-˛ s]cp¥®-\mb At±-l-Øns‚ hm°p-Ifpw Nn¥-Ifw Iev]-\-Ifp-sa√mw

ac-ß-sfbpw Xs‚ sXmgn-ens\bpw _‘-s∏-Sp-Øn-bp-≈Xm-Wv. AXp-

sIm-≠mWv Cßs\ ]d-™-Xv.

˛ BIm-i-Øns‚ BIr-Xn, Im¿ta-L-Øm¬ aqSn-°n-S-°p∂ BImiw,

A\¥X XpS-ßn-bp≈ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ.

Bi-b-ßƒ ]cn-KWn®v Ipń-Iƒ Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°s´.

\m\n

\m\nsb Ihn Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv Fß-s\-sb∂v hcn-Iƒ hni-I-e\wsNbvXv Ipdn∏v Fgp-Xm≥ \n¿tZ-in°mw.

$ \m\n {]mbm-[nIywsIm≠v A‘bpw _[n-c-bp-am-sW∂v Ihn ]d-bp-∂-

sX-ßs\?

$ hcn-I-fn¬ sXfn-bp∂ hr≤-bmb \m\n-bpsS Xqen-Im-Nn{Xw hy‡-am-

°mtam?

$ \m\n-bpsS buh-\m-hÿ Ihn Fßs\bmWv h¿Wn-°p-∂Xv?

˛ apdp-°m-\p≈ km[-\-ßƒ X∏n-Øn-c-bp-∂-Xv.

˛ shSn-h-®m¬t∏mepw tIƒ°n√ F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

˛ sIf-hn-bmbv hbdpw Npßn ]Sn-ta¬ Iq\n-°q-Sn-bn-cn-°p-∂ -cq]w.

˛ ]qØ sNº-I-sØ-t∏m-sebpw IS-sØ-Sp-ØXv t]mep≈ DS-ens‚

hSnhpw aq∂pwIqń apdp-°nbpw Nncn®pw ]qØ sh≈ne t]msebpw

]≠v Xs‚ Acn-IØv \n∂-hƒ.

Bibw Dƒs°m≠v Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°s´.

\nco-£-W-°p-dn∏v

Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw A`n-cp-Nn°-\p-k-cn®mWv Hmtcm hkvXp-hn-s\bpw kao-]n-°p-∂Xv F∂ Imcyw Ipń-I-fpsS A\p-`-h-]-cn-k-c-Øp-\n-∂p≈ DZm-l-c-W-ß-fn-eqsSAh¿°v a\- n-em-°n-s°m-Sp-°mw.

IS-ens\ a¬ky-sØm-gn-emfn a¬ky-e- y-X-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ImWp-∂p. Iem-Im-c≥ AXns‚ kuμcymw-i-ßfpw Imem-h-ÿm-\n-co-£-I≥ IS-ens‚ kz`m-h-hy-Xn-bm-\-ßfpw {i≤n-°p-∂p. s]cp-¥-®s‚ Nn¥-I-fn¬ acw \nd™p \n¬°p∂Hcp X®≥a\ v Is≠-Øm≥ Ignbpw F∂ {]kvXm-h-\ A[ym-]nI {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p.

Cu Bibw ]Zy- m-KsØ GsX√mw hcn-I-fn-emWv hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂v Ipń-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´.

Dfn-hbv-°p-tºmƒ I´-s∏m-∂p-t]m¬ an∂pw πmhpw

Ifn-h©n shó-Sm≥ ImX-em¿∂ tX∑mhpw

Hº-Xmƒ ]nSn-®mepw ]nSn-Iq-Sm-Xp-s≠m-‰˛

ØºIapfn-b-∂qcº-e-ssa-Xm-\-Øn¬

ebmfwF´mwXcw

152 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

kqN-\-Iƒ

♦ \ndsb ]qØpw Imbv®pw \n¬°p∂ πmhns‚bpw tX∑m-hns‚bpw

{]tXy-I-X-Iƒ.

♦ FhnsS acw I≠mepw Cº-am-sW∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

♦ Xº-I-a-c-Øns‚ {]tXy-I-Xbpw AXns‚ hÆhpw Db-chpw aXn®v

]dbp∂-Xv, AXns‚ D]-tbm-K-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Nn¥-Iƒ.

♦ XSn-Iƒ ]q∏¬ ]‰n Po¿Wn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-bmWv ]qX-en-°pI F∂p

]dbmdp-≈-Xv. ac-hp-ambn HSp-ßmØ _‘-ap-≈Xp sIm≠mWv

s]cp¥®≥ Xf¿∂ Xs‚ ico-csØ ]qX-en® icocw F∂p hnti-jn-

∏n-®-Xv.

♦ \m\n-bpsS buh-\sØ sNºIac-tØmSpw ac-Øn¬ IS™ inev]-

tØmSpw ]qØ-sh-≈n-e-tbmSpw kmZr-iy-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv.

♦ BIm-isØ acwsIm≠p-≠m-°nb hen-sbmcp ]m{X(acn-I)tØmSv kmZr-

iy-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

Is≠-Ønb Bi-bß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hy‡n-K-X-ambn \nco-£-W-°p-dn∏vXbm-dm-°s´.

hcn-Iƒ hni-I-e\w sNømw

]mT-`m-KsØ hni-I-e\Øn\p \¬Inb aq∂p Cuc-SnIfpw Dƒs°m-≠ {]h¿Ø-\-am-Wn-Xv. hcn-Iƒ ¢mkn¬ {]Z¿in-∏n-®p-sIm≠v tNmZy-ß-fn-eqsS A[ym-]nICS-s]-tS-≠-Xm-Wv. kwL-ßfmbn N¿®-sNbvXv Is≠-Ønb Bi-b-ßƒIpdn∏m°n amt‰-≠-Xm-Wv. ¢mkn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-a-t√m.

""Bbncw aWn-bpsS \mhp-s]m-Øo-Sm-sam-‰˛hmbnse \mhm¿°m\pw sI´p-hm≥ Ign-bptam.''

$ s]cp-¥-®≥ Cßs\ ]d-bm≥ Imc-W-sa-¥mhmw?

$ Cu hcn-I-fnse Bi-b-sa¥v?

$ a\pjykz`m-h-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ CXns‚ {]k-‡n-sb¥v?

Ipń-Iƒ hy‡n-K-X-ambn hcn-Iƒ hni-I-e\w sNbvXv s]mXpN¿®-bn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

♦ t£{X-Øns‚ sImSn-a-c-Øn\p apI-fn¬ aI≥ ÿm]n® Kcp-U-hn-{Klw

I≠m¬ ]d∂p ]‰nb Kcp-U≥ Ccn-∏p-d-∏n-°m-\mbn Nnd-Ip-Iƒ Nen-∏n-

°p-∂-Xmbn tXm∂pw. CXp I≠n´v s]cp-¥-®≥ Akq-b-s∏´p F∂v

P\w ]d-™-Xn\v At±lw \¬Ip∂ adp-]-Sn-bm-Wn-Xv.

♦ a\p-jys\t∏mse aWn-Iƒ°pw \mhp-≠v. c≠pw \¬Ip-∂Xv i_vZ-t[m-

c-Wn-bm-Wv. aWn-bpsS \m°ns\ XS-bmw. ]t£, a\p-jys‚ A]-hmZ

{]Nm-c-WsØ XSp-°m≥ Ign-bn√ F∂p [z\n.

♦ A]-hmZw ]d-bpI F∂Xv a\p-jys‚ kl-P-hm-k-\-bm-Wv. AXv ]d-

bm\pw tIƒ°m\pw a\p-jy\v Xm¬∏-cy-hp-am-Wv. AXn-s\-Ø-S-bm≥

B¿°pw km[n-°n√ F∂mWv s]cp-¥-®≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xv.



♦ Bbncw aWn-bpsS \mhp-I-sf-°mƒ a\p-jys‚ Hcp \mhn\v i‡n-bp-

s≠∂pw a\p-jyPohnXw XI¿°m≥ AXv aXn-sb∂pw kmcw.

""s]mßp-hm≥ Ign-s™-¶n¬ \ncßmw; Ing-hs\Ømßp-am-bn-cp-∂m-ss°... hnXpºo s]cp-¥-®≥.''

$ s]mßm≥ Ign-s™-¶n¬ F∂v B{K-ln-°p-∂-sX-¥p-sIm≠v?

$ aI-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ s]cp-¥-®s‚ B{K-l-sa-s¥√mw?

$ s]cp-¥-®≥ hnXp-ºm≥ Imc-W-sa¥v?♦ Igp-Øn¬ hoXpfn hoWv Xe-b‰p ]nS-bp∂ aIs\ I≠v ]cn-{`-an®v

tImWn-∏-Sn-bn¬ Imep-d-bv°msX tam¥m-b-Øn¬ \n∂pw Xmsg hoW

s]cp-¥-®≥ h¿j-ß-fmbn Ne-\-a‰v Htc InS-∏m-Wv. Fgp-t∂¬°mt\m

Ccn-°mt\m Cg-bm≥ IqSntbm Ign-bmØ Ah-ÿ.

♦ H∂p s]mßm≥ Ign-s™-¶n¬ Cg™pw \nc-ßn-bp-sa-¶nepw ]Wn-bm-

e-bn¬ sN∂n-cp∂v ]Wn sNøp-∂-Xnse BÀmZw \pW-bm-am-bn-cp∂p

F∂v tamln®pt]mIp∂p.

♦ aI-\p-≠m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ Cu Ah-ÿ-bn¬ B ssIIƒ Xs∂ Xmßp-

am-bn-cp-s∂∂pw Ah≥ X\n°v B{i-b-am-bn-cp-t∂t\ F∂pw s]cp-¥-

®≥ hnNmcn°p-∂p.

♦ X\n°v \jvS-s∏- p-t]mb aI≥, Xs‚ Ct∏m-gsØ Ahÿ, Xs‚ hn[n

F∂nh Hm¿Ømhmw hnXp-ºn-b-Xv.

""F≥Icw tXm‰m-se-¥m-sW∑I≥ Pbn-°p-tºmƒ,F≥I-Æn-ep-Æn-t°epw ]pI-sf≥ ]pI-ft√?''

$ s]cp-¥-®≥ C{]-Imcw ]d-™-sX-t∏mƒ?

$ Cu hcn-I-fpsS Bibw hy‡-am-°mtam?

$ s]cp-¥-®\v aI-t\m-Sp≈ F¥p kao-]-\-amWv CXn¬\n∂v hy‡-am-Ip-∂Xv?

$ s]cp-¥-®s‚ ]p{X-kvt\-l-hpw A]-hm-Z-ß-tfm-Sp≈ adp]-Sn-bp-ambn Cuhm°p-Iƒ IW-°m-°m≥ Ign-bptam?

♦ t£{X-Øns‚ c≠p tKm]p-c-ß-fnepw AjvS-Zn-Iv]m-e-I-cpsS inev]-

ßƒs°mØn-bp-≠m-°n. H∂p s]cp¥-®\pw at‰Xv aI\pw. aI≥

sImØnb inev]-Øn\v A—≥ sImØnb inev]-tØ°mƒ IqSp-X¬

Poh≥ XpSn-°p-∂-Xmbn P\w ]d-™p.

AXn¬ s]cp-¥-®\v aI-t\mSv Akqb aqØp F∂v A]-hm-Zw. AXn\v

s]cp-¥-®≥ ]d-bp∂ adp-]-Sn-bm-Wn-Xv.

♦ aI≥ Pbn-°p-tºmƒ A—≥ tXm‰m-se¥v? aIs‚ hnPbw A—s‚ IqSn

hnP-b-at√? aI≥ Xs‚ IÆn-ep-Æn-bm-Wv. Ahs‚ {]ikvXn Xs‚

IqSn {]i-kvXn-bm-Wv. ImcWw, Ahs\ Dfn-]n-Sn-°m≥ ]Tn-∏n-®Xv

Xm\mWv. Aß-s\-bp≈ X\n°v aIs‚ Io¿Øn-sb-s®m√n Akqb

D≠m-hn-√t√m F∂mWv Cu hcn-I-fpsS Bi-bw.

♦ s]cp-¥-®\v aI-t\m-Sp≈ hm’-eyhpw Ahs‚ Ign-hn-t\mSpw Io¿Øn-

tbm-Sp-ap≈ A`n-am-\hpw Cu hcn-I-fn¬ \n∂p a\- n-em-°mw.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

154 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

♦ ]p{X-kvt\-l-amWv Cu hcn-I-fnse apJy-`m-hw. H∏w Ahs‚ Pbw

Xt‚bpw Pb-am-sW∂pw Ahs‚ Io¿Øn Xt‚bpw Io¿Øn-bm-sW∂pw

]d-bp-∂-Xn-eqsS Xs∂-°p-dn-®p≈ A]-hm-Z-Øns‚ ap\-sbm-Sn-°m≥ {ian-

°p-∂p-ap-≠v.

Ae-¶m-c-`wKn Is≠Ømw

-hcn-I-fnse Ae-¶m-c- wKn Is≠-Øm-\p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-am-Wn-Xv. ]cn-Nn-X-amb hkvXp-°-tfmSv kmZr-iy-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠p≈ CØcw h¿W-\-Iƒ Bi-b-Øn\v IqSp-X¬ angnhp \¬Ip-∂p. Ihn-I-fpsS CØcw kt¶-X-ßƒ Ipń-Iƒ°v t_m[y-s∏-SWw. N¿®-I-fn-eqsS Ae-¶m-c-Øns‚ km[y-X-Iƒ Ipń-Iƒ Dƒs°m-≈-s´. IqSp-X¬ DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ Is≠Øn ]cn-tim-[n®v Na¬°m-c-`wKn Dƒs°m≠v Ipdn∏vXbm-dm-°-s´.

""Nncn-®p- aq∂pwIqń-∏q-Ø- sh-≈n-e-t]m-se˛∂cn-I-Øn-hƒ \n∂ \mfp-Iƒ Rmt\m¿°p-∂p.''

$ Cu hcn-I-fn¬ Bsc-bmWv h¿Wn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv?

$ \m\n ]≠v F{]-Im-c-amWv s]cp-¥-®s‚ Acn-In¬ \n∂n-cp-∂Xv?

$ Aß-s\-bp≈ \m\nsb F¥n-t\m-SmWv kmZr-iy-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv?

$ CØcw I¬∏-\-bpsS {]tXy-IX F¥mWv?♦ s]cp-¥-®s‚ `mcy-bmb \m\n-sb-°p-dn-®m-Wv CXnse ]cm-a¿iw.

♦ bph-Xn-bm-bn-cp∂ \m\n aq∂pwIqń-ap-dp°n Nncn-®p-sIm-≠mWv s]cp-¥-

®s‚ Acn-In¬ \n∂n-cp-∂-Xv.

♦ C{]-Imcw \n∂ \m\nsb ]qØp-\n¬°p∂ sh≈n-e-tbmSv kmZr-iy-

s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

♦ sh≈ne Hcp sNSn-bm-Wv. Xmsg `mKØv \∂mbn ap‰nb ]® Ce-Ifpw

AXn\p apI-fn¬ at\m-l-c-amb sh≈-\n-d-Øn-ep≈ Ce-Ifpw ImWmw.

AXn-\pw-ap-I-fn¬ Nph∂ Xfn-cn-e-Ifpw ]q°-fpw.

♦ \√ shfpØ \nd-tØmSpIqSnb \m\n apdp-°n-®p-h∂ Np≠p-I-fp-ambn

Nncn-®p-sIm≠v \n¬°p-∂Xv ]qØp\n¬°p∂ sh≈ne t]mse-bmWv

F∂p ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p.

♦ CØcw Ae-¶m-c-ßsf D]-am-e-¶mcw F∂mWv ]d-bp-I.

XpS¿∂v D]-am-e-¶mcw {]tbm-Kn-®n-´p≈ hcn-Iƒ Ihn-X-I-fn¬\n∂p Is≠-Øm≥]d-bp∂p.

$ Dfn-h-bv°p-tºmƒ I´s∏m-∂p-t]m¬ an∂pw πmhpw...

$ Icn-ho-ń-X≥ ImX¬ IS™p Ipgn® h˛

∑cnI Ia-gvØnb t]msebpw hnÆn≥ Xmsg

$ lm! ]pjv]-ta, A[n-I-Xpw-K-]-Z-Øn-se{X

tim`n-®n-cp-∂n-sXmcp cm⁄n-I-W-°tb \o!

$ tNWp‰ thWp-X≥ tX\p‰ \mZ-sØ˛

Øm\p‰ \mZ-Øn≥aotX tI´v



the-s∏-Sm-sX-Xm≥ am\n®p \n∂n´p

Nme-]-Tn-∏m-\m-sb∂ t]mse.

$ DΩ-d-Øn-Æ-bn¬ h∂n-cp∂p

\Ω-f-dn-bm-tØm-tc-sd-bmƒ°m¿

I∑Xn-en≥ta¬°fw \nd-t™m-cp-\m˛

fºe{]mhp-I-sf∂ t]mse.

KZy-Ønepw CXp-t]m-ep≈ Ae-¶mcIev]-\-I-fpt≠m? Is≠Øn Fgp-Xq?

$ Cg™p \oßp∂ cY-N-{I-ß-fpsS {Iμ\w {]]©hn[m-\-Øns‚ Aa¿Øn-

∏n-Sn® Ic-®n¬ t]mse B h\-ÿ-ensb timI-`-cn-X-am-°n.

$ hn[n-bpsS {]XoIw t]mse Nq≠phnc¬ I¿Ws‚ apJ-Øn\p t\sc Nq≠n-

s°m≠v Ah≥ ]d-™p.

$ NΩ- n-tb-¥n-bn-cp∂ ssIbp-ambn Zmcp-I≥ tX¿Ø-S-Øn¬ {]Xn-a-t]mse \n¿Po-

h-ambn h¿Øn®p.

Cuc-Sn-I-fnse Xmf-hy-Xymkw Is≠Ømw

""]øn-s\-°mte Id-∂o-Sp-a-Ω-X≥

saøn≥ hew-hiw Nmcn-\n¬∏q.''

""t]msImt√! t]msImt√! Rß-sf-ss°-hn´p

\mI-tØ-s°≥ a™p-Xp-≈n-Itf!''

""hμ\w hμ\w hm¿saØpw {ZmhnU˛

\μn-\n-bmbn hf¿∂ `mtj''

""A{ip-hm¬IS¬Øo¿sØm-cm-Zn-a- Ihn]mSn

A{Xnbmw al¿jn-X-∂m-{i-a-hmSw ]qIn''

""A¶-W-,ssØ-am,-hn¬\n∂m-Zy-sØ,-∏gw hogvsI,

AΩX≥ t\{X-Øn¬\n-∂p-Xn¿∂q NpSp-I-Æo¿''

""CØn-cn-s°mcp kpJw tXm∂p-∂p-s≠-\n-°n-s∂≥

s]mØn-se-{X-\m-fmbv Rm≥ Npcp-≠p-In-S-°p∂p''

Ipń-Iƒ hy‡n-K-X-ambpw kwL-ambpw Cuc-Sn-Iƒ sNm√n-t\m-°s´.

$ Cu Cuc-Sn-Iƒ°v {]I-S-amb hyXymkw tXm∂p-∂pt≠m?

$ Htc Xmf-Øn-ep≈ Cuc-Sn-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn-bpI.

$ Hmtcm Cuc-Sn-bn-sebpw hcn-I-fn-ep≈ A£-c-ß-fpsS FÆw Xn´-s∏-Sp-Øn-

t\m°q.

˛ BZysØ aq∂v Cuc-Sn-Iƒ Htc A£-c-{Iaw ]men-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWmw.

Ch aRvPcn F∂ hrØ-hy-hÿ ]men-°p∂ hcn-I-fmWv ("am-Wn-Iy-

hoW' F∂ ]mT-`m-KsØ {]h¿Ø\w t\m°p-I).

ebmfwF´mwXcw

156 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

˛ Ah-km-\sØ Cuc-Sn-Iƒ CXn¬\n∂p `n∂-amb A£-c-{I-a-amWv

]men°p-∂-Xv.

˛ Ah sNm√p-tºmƒ \Sp°v (G-gm-asØ A£-c-Øn\p tijw) Hcp

\n¿Ø¬ hcp-∂Xv {i≤n-°p-a-t√m.

˛ Ch tII F∂ hrØ-hy-h-ÿ-bmWv ]men-°p-∂Xv.

\mSI/IYm-{]-kw-K-c-N\

s]cp-¥-®≥ F∂ Imhy-`mKw \mS-I-c-N-\-bv°mtbm IYm-{]-kwKcN-\-

bv°mtbm \¬Ip-∂-Xn\p apºv ¢mkn¬ s]mXp-N¿® \S-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

˛ s]cp-¥-®s‚ Pohn-Xm-h-ÿ, am\-kn-I-kw-L¿jw.

˛ DNn-X-amb ]›m-Øew.

˛ IYm-]m-{X-ßƒ, Ah-cpsS kz`m-h-k-hn-ti-jX, kq£vaX.

˛ {]tXyIw Du∂¬sImSp-t°≠ aplq¿Ø-ßƒ.

˛ \mS-Io-bX

˛ kw`m-j-W-ß-fpsS {]tXy-IX.

˛ kwKoXØns‚ {]m[m\yw.

N¿®bv°p tijw \mSI/IYm-{]-kw-K-ambn hnI-kn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ D≠m-bn-cn-t°≠

LS-I-ßƒ:

˛ IYm-]m-{X-kr-jvSn-bnse X\n-abpw kq£va-Xbpw.

˛ DNn-X-amb ]›m-Øew/cwK-k-÷o-I-c-Ww.

˛ kw`-h-hn-Im-k-ßƒ

˛ \mS-Iobaplq¿Ø-ßƒ

˛ BI¿j-I-amb kw`m-jWw/hnh-cWw.

˛ `mh\

˛ IYm-K-Xn-bnse ]cn-Wm-a-ßƒ.

˛ DNn-Xhpw kμ¿`-tØm-Sn-W-ßp-∂-Xp-amb Imhym-hn-jvImcw.

˛ BI¿j-I-amb XpS-°hpw HSp-°hpw.

hy‡n-K-X-amb cN-\bv°p tijw Iq´mbn hmbn®v hne-bn-cpØn sa®-s∏-Sp-Øm≥

Ah-kcw \¬IWw.

A[ym-]nI bph-P-t\m¬k-h-th-Zn-Ifn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n® \mS-I-ß-fp-sSbpw IYm-{]-

kw-K-ß-fp-sSbpw Zriym-hn-jvImcw ¢mkn¬ {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p. apºv kqNn-∏n® LS-

I-ßƒ Ah-X-c-W-Øn¬ \n∂p N¿®sNøp-∂p, hne-bn-cp-Øp∂p.

XpS¿∂v kwLß-fmbn Ipń-Iƒ \mS-I-/IYm-{]-kwK cN\ \SØs´. \mS-Im-h-

X-c-W-sØ-°p-dn®v ASn-ÿm-\-]m-Tm-hen c≠mw bqWn-‰n¬ hni-ZoI-cn-®n-´p-≈Xv

{i≤n-°p-at√m. {]tXyI Znhkw \n›-bn®v Hmtcm kwLØn\pw Ah-X-c-W-Øn\v

Ah-kcw \¬Imw. Ipń-Iƒ kzbw hne-bn-cp-Øepw ]c-kv]chne-bn-cp-Øepw

\SØ-s´.



s]cp-¥-®≥ ˛ Hcp ]T\w

"]d-bn-s]‰ ]¥n-cp-Ipew' tIc-f-Øns‚ h¿tKm¬∏Øn ]pcm-W-am-sW∂p]d-bmw. hn`n∂ h¿W-kw-kvIm-c-ßsf Cu \mS≥anØv at\m-l-c-ambn ka-\z-bn∏n-°p-∂p, GIo-I-cn®v \n¿Øp-∂p. Ejn-bmb hc-cp-Nn°v Hcp Nfim-e-_m-en-I-bn¬ P\n® ]{¥≠v hnin-jvS-]p-{X≥amsc {_m“-WmZn ZzmZ-i-Pm-Xn-I-fpsS IqS-ÿ≥am-cmbn I¬∏n-°p-I-hgn Cu P\-IY tIc-fob kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb GI-XzsØ Dd-∏n-°p-∂p. ssih-ssh-jvWhsFIy-Øns‚ {iotIm-hn-emb Xncp-\m-b-tØms´ aW-en¬ \ne-sØ-gpØvA`y-kn-°p-Ibpw a\p-jy-{]-]© sFIy-Øns‚ Ihn-bmbn hf-cp-IbpwsNbvX Pnbv°v G‰hpw {]nb-amb Imhy-h-kvXp Cu P\-IY Xs∂. s]cp¥-®s\∂ aqØm-im-cnbpw ]mW-\m-sc∂ s\bvØp-Im-c\pw Cu ]{¥-≠p-t]-cn¬s∏-Sp-∂p.

Imc-bv°-e-Ω, hSp-X-e- \m-b¿ XpS-ßnb CXc ktlm-Z-c-ß-sfbpwtN¿Øp≈ ]g-sbmcp t«mIw CXm:

""tag-tØmƒ A·n-tlm-{Xo, cP-I≥,

Dfn-b-∂q¿X®-\pw, ]ns∂ ht≈m≥,

hmbn-√m-°p-∂n-e-∏≥, hSp-Xe

acphpw \mb¿, Imc-bv°¬ amXm,

sNtΩ tIƒ D∏p-Ip‰≥, s]cnb

Xncp-h-c-¶-sØgpw ]mW-\m-cpw,

t\tc \mcm-b-W-{`m-¥-\pw, DS≥

AI-hq¿ NmØ-\pw, ]m°-\mcpw''

\mS-I-ß-fnse kzK-X-`m-j-W-ß-fpsS ssien-bn¬ kzX-{¥-amb kvarXn-k-©mcw \S-Øp∂ s]cp-¥-®-\nse apJy-I-Ym-]m-{Xw, AXoh kq£vahpwNSp-e-hp-amb Hcp am\-kn-I-kw-L¿jsØ A\m-h-cWw sNøp-∂p. hm¿[-Iy-Ønse Xs‚ A\m-Y-Xz-Øn\v ImcWw Xm≥ Xs∂ hcp-Øn-h® ]p{X-\miw BsW∂v A¥x°cWw a{¥n-°p-∂p. CXn-s\-Xnsc Pm{K-Ønse_p≤n k¿h-i-‡n-bp-sa-SpØv {]Xn-tj-[n-°p∂p; FXn¿\ymb-ßfpw sXfn-hp-Ifpw \nc-Øp-∂p: aI-t\mSv Akqb tXm∂m≥ actam acm-imcn? aIs‚hnPbw, Ahs‚ ssIbn¬ Dfn]nSn-∏n® Xs‚bpw hnPbw F∂v A`n-am-\n-°mØ GX-—≥ D≠v? F∂n-ßs\...

t_m[-a-\ pw At_m-[-tN-X-\bpw XΩn-ep≈ Cu hSw-hen kXy-Øn¬aI\v {]mb-]q¿Øn-bm-b-t∏mtg XpS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. aqØmim-cn°v IW°vIrXy-sa-¶nepw ssI∏pWyw aI-\m-sW∂v Bƒ°m¿ ]d-™p-Xp-S-ßn-b-tXmsS c≠p-t]cpw At\ym\yw an≠m-Xm-bn. Be-bn¬ XpS-ßnb CukwL¿jw ]me-Øn≥ta¬h® ]mh-I-fpsS kwL-´-\-Øn-eqsS sImSpºn-cn-s°m-≠p. aI≥ hoSp-hn- p-t]m-bn. B\-∏-¥¬ ]Wn-bm≥ aI-t\mSv Btem-Nn-°-Wsa∂ Xºp-cms‚ I¬∏\ s]cp-¥-®s‚ A[-a-t_m-[sØ hf¿Øn.sXm´sXms° i¶-bm-bn. "A—≥ tam¥m-b-∏Wn t\m°n-t°m-fq' F∂

ebmfwF´mwXcw

158 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

aIs‚ \n¿tZm-j-amb \n¿tZ-i-Øn¬t∏mepw [n°mcw ImW-Ø-°-hn[wkwL¿jw D¬°-S-amb \nan-j-Øn-emWv hn[n s]cp-¥-®s\ hoXp-fn-bpambnDØ-c-Øn≥taepw Ip\n™p ]Wn-t\m-°p∂ inc- p-ambn aIs\ \neØpwsIm≠n-cp-Øn-b-Xv.

a\p-jy-a-\- ns\ CØcw kμ¿ -ß-fn¬ \nb-{¥n-°p-∂Xv bp‡ntbm hnth-Itam A√ F∂-Xt{X Zb-\o-b-amb hmkvX-hw. Ah≥ tIhew ac-∏m-h.At_m-[-amb t{]c-W-Iƒ, Idp-Ø-hn-Im-c-ßƒ, Ima-`-bm-Zn-hm-k-\-IƒAhs\ {]hr-Øn-bn-te°v D¥p-∂p. IÆ-dn-bmsX Dfn ssIbn¬\n∂v hogp-∂p. IÆp-Xp-d-°p-tºmƒ _p≤n sR´p-Ibpw "ssII-gp-Ip-Ibpw' sNøp∂p.a\p-jy-a-\- ns‚ \nKq-V-ta-J-e-I-fn-te°v A\p-hm-N-Is\ Iqń-s°m-≠p-t]m-Ip∂ [oc-c-N-\-I-fn-sem-∂mWv "s]cp¥®≥'. a\- ns‚ NXn-°p-gn-Isf Imń-Ø-cp∂p F∂n-S-ØmWv CØcw Ihn-X-I-fpsS [m¿ΩnIZuXyw ]q¿W-am-Ip--∂Xv. at\m-hn-⁄m-\ob hni-I-e-\-Øn\v th≠{X Ah-k-c-sam-cp-°p∂Hc\p`q-Xn-a-fiew Cu IhnX ka¿∏n-°p-∂p-≠v.

hnjvWp-\m-cm-b-W≥ \ºq-Xncn

$ sFXn-ly-ame ˛ sIm´m-c-Øn¬ i¶pÆn

$ s]cp-¥-®≥ ˛ Pn. i¶-c-°p-dp∏v

$ s]cp-¥-®≥ (Xn-c-°-Y) ˛ Fw.-Sn. hmkp-tZ-h≥\mb¿

$ X®s‚ aI≥ ˛ sshtem-∏n≈n {io[-c-ta-t\m≥

$ as‰mcp "amÃ¿ _n¬U¿' ({]-_-‘w) ˛ F≥. IrjvW∏n≈

$ ]pcm-WnIv F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unb ˛ sh´w amWn

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-ßƒ

Ie F∂ ]Z-Øn\v \mi-an-√m-ØXv, _m°n-bm-hp-∂Xv Fs∂ms°A¿Yw \¬Im-dp-≠v. B \nebv°v GsXmcp kwkvIm-c-Øn-s‚bpwtijn-∏p-I-fmWv Ie-Iƒ. tZi-Øn-s‚bpw kaq-l-Øn-s‚bpw kz`m-h-Ø-\n-a-bn¬ \n∂mWv Xt±-iob Iem-cq-]-ßƒ ]nd-°p-∂-Xv. kaq-l-am-‰-Øns‚ GXp IpsØm-gp-°n¬s∏Sp-tºm-gpw D≈n¬ am‰m-\m-hmØ Hcp ae-bmfnkzXzw \ap-°p-≠-t√m. \mw \mam-bn-cn-°p∂B Ahÿ kΩm-\n-°p-∂Xv Ie-bm-Wv. F√m- ]p-Ø≥ kzm[o-\-ßƒ°n-S-bnepw kaq-l-Øn¬ sFIyw \ne-\n¿Øp-∂Xpw kmtlm-Z-cyhpw kl-h¿Øn-Xzhpw kulm¿Zhpw ImØp-t]m-cp-∂Xpwhnhn[ Ie-I-fpsS taml-\-amb Xmf-ap-≈-Xp-sIm≠pIqSn-bmWv.

ImWp∂Xpw tIƒ°p-∂Xpw Fgp-Xp-∂-Xp-amb F{X-sb{X Iem-cq-]-ßƒ! A\p-`-hn-°p-∂Xpw ebn-°p-∂-Xp-amb hnkva-b-ßƒ!Hmtcm-∂n∂pw \nc-h[n Dƒ∏n-cn-hp-Iƒ, imJ-Iƒ. temI-sa-ßp-ap≈sNdpXpw hep-Xp-amb F√m kaq-l-ßƒ°pw tZi-ßƒ°pw sshhn-[y-am¿∂ Iem-cq-]-ß-fp-≠v. Ah-bn¬ NneXv A∂m-Sp-I-fn¬ am{XwHXpßn\n¬°p-∂-h-bm-Wv. F¶nepw kmwkvIm-cn-I-ss°-am-‰-ß-fn-eqsS Ah a‰p≈-h-cp-tSXp IqSn-bm-hp-∂p. tIc-f-Øns‚ bm{XI-fn, IqSn-bm- w, IqØv, IrjvW-\m- w, IY-I-fn, the-I-fn, Xp≈¬,tIm¬°-fn XpS-ßn-bh B C\-Øn¬s∏Sp-Ømw. Nne Ie-IƒsNdphyXn-bm-\-ß-tfmsS temI-saßpw k¿h-kzo-Im-cyX t\Sn-b-h-bm-Wv. kn\n-abpw \mS-Ihpw kmln-Xy-hp-sams° AØcw Ie-I-fm-Wv.

\nc-h[n X\-XpI-e-IƒsIm≠v kº-∂-amWv \ΩpsS \mSv. Ime-Øns‚ {ZpX-am-‰-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ \ΩpsS Pohn-Xhpw Nn¥bpw Bkzm-Z-\-hp-sams° amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu am‰-ßƒ Ie-I-sfbpwkzm[o-\n-®n-´p-≠v. kpμ-c-amb ]e Ie-Iƒ°pw Bkzm-Z-I¿ Ipd-

Ie-X≥ Im¥n X´p-tºmƒ4.5

B ap Jw

ebmfwF´mwXcw

160 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

bm≥ Cu am‰-ßƒ henb Imc-W-am-Ip-∂p. ]Icw ]pØ≥ `mhp-I-Xz-Øns‚ Xmf-ßƒ IS∂phcp-∂p. F¶n-epw, khn-tij \m´p-`w-Kn-IƒsIm≠v temI-Øn\p amXr-I-bmb, tIc-fobPohnXw sIń-∏-Sp-Ø, kwkvIm-c-Øn\v HmP pw _ehpw \¬Inb Ie-I-sf-°p-dn®p\mw Adn-tb-≠-Xp-≠v. kmwkvIm-cn-I-amb B ap{Z-Iƒ IqSp-X¬ sXfn-a-tbmsS ImØp-kq-£n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏´p InS-°p-∂hho≠pw Ac-ßn¬ Pohn-∏n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. Hmtcm Ie-bv°pw ho≠pwXfn¿°m-\p≈ \√ CSamWv ]pXp-X-e-ap-d-bpsS a\ vv.

tIcfob Ie-I-sfbpw kmln-Xy-sØbpw sXm -dn-bm-\p≈ {ia-amWvCu bqWn-‰n-eqsS \S-Øp-∂-Xv. tIc-f-kw-kvIm-c-Øns‚ apJy-[m-c-I-fn-sem-∂mWv hmZy-I-e. Xmf-_-≤-amb Cu Ie Zriy˛{imhy-°m-gvN-I-fpsS ktΩ-f-\-am-Wv. sIm´p-Im-c\pw Ipg¬°m-c\pw tNcp-tºmƒhmZy-I-e-Iƒ°p ssIh-cp∂ Imhym-fl-I-amb kuμ-cyhpw AXpkrjvSn-°p∂ kmaq-ln-Ihpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-hp-amb sFIyhpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-bmWv 'Ce-™n-Ø-d-tafw' F∂ teJ-\-Øn-eqsS sI.kn.-\m-cm-b-W≥. Hcp IrjvW-\m´ Iem-Im-cs‚ PohnXw lrZ-b-kv]¿in-bmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ IY-bmWv DÆn-Ir-jvW≥ ]pXq-cns‚"Io¿Øn-ap{Z'. Ie PohnXw Xs∂-bmb, Ac-ßn-\p-th≠n Pohn®\S≥ Ac-ßn¬Øs∂ C√m-Xm-hp∂ cwKw ]pXq¿ Bhn-jvI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. "Ifn-b-—≥ P\n-°p∂p' F∂ Bfl-I-Ym- mKw ]n.-bpsS {]kn-≤-amb "Ifn-b-—≥' F∂ Ihn-X-bpsS ]ndhn hnh-cn-°p-∂p. k¿K-{In-bbv°p ]n∂nse thZ-\-Ifpw Akz-ÿ-X-Ifpw At±lw Xpd∂p]d-bp-∂p. H∏w, A`n-\μ-\-ßƒ sIm≠p-≠mb \n¿hr-Xnbpw. Xs∂]p¬Im≥ aSn®p\n¬-°p∂ Ihn-Xsb, B Ihn-X-bv°m-[m-c-am-hp∂{]Ir-Xo-tZ-hnsb Xnc-bp∂ Hcp Ihnsb Sn. D-ss_-Zns‚ "Ihn-X-tbmSv'F∂ cN-\-bn¬ ImWmw.

shÆn-°p-f-Øns‚

""Ie-X≥ Im¥n X´p-tºmƒ

I√pw Im©\Xpeyamw'' F∂- hcn-Ifn¬ \ns∂-Sp-Ø-XmWv bqWn-‰ns‚ io¿jIw.


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{]th-iI{]h¿Ø\w

Hcp Iem-hr-£-amWv Nn{X-cq-]-Øn¬ {]th-i-I-ambn \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ae-bm-f-tZ-i-sa∂ alm-hr-£-Øn¬ ebn®p tN¿∂pInS-°p∂ \nc-h[n Iem-cq-]-ßƒ Nn{X-Øn¬ Bhn-jvI-cn-®n-´p-≠v. kq£va-amb Hcp Nn{X-hm-b\ \S-Øn-s°m≠v ]mT-`mKtØ°pw AXpƒs°m-≈p∂ Bi-b-ß-fn-te°pw IS∂psN√mw.

]q¿W{i≤-tbmsS Nn{Xw \nco-£n-°m≥ \n¿tZ-in-°mw. Nne tNmZy-ß-fn-eqsS\ΩpsS Iem-tem-I-tØ°p {]th-in-°mw.

Nn{X-Øn¬ Fs¥√mamWv ImWp∂Xv?

-˛ hr£w

˛ imJ-Iƒ

˛ thcp-Iƒ

˛ ]md-°-√p-Ifpw a‰p s]mSn-∏p-Ifpw

˛ hnhn[ Iem-cq-]-ßƒ

GsX√mw Iem-cq-]-ßƒ ImWp∂p?

-˛ IY-Ifn

˛ Xmf-hm-Zy-ßƒ

˛ H∏\

˛ sXøw

˛

˛

Cu Ie-Iƒ°v s]mXp-hmb Hcp kz`m-hap-≠v. F¥m-WXv?

˛ F√mw \ΩpsS \mń-ep-≠mb Ie-Iƒ (X\-Xp-I-e-Iƒ).

F¥mWv X\XpIe?

N¿® \S-Ømw.

-˛ \ΩpsS \mń¬, kaq-l-Øn¬ cq]-s∏-´-h.

˛ kz¥w Pohn-Xw, k{º-Zm-b-ßƒ, hnizm-k-ßƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-´-h.

˛ A\y-kw-kvImckzm[o-\-an-√m-Ø-h.

˛ \ΩpsS kmln-Xyw, `mj. thjw, BNm-c-ßƒ F∂nh tN¿∂-Xv.

thdn´p \n¬°p∂ Ie-I-tf-sXms°?

-˛ kn\na

˛ \mSIw

˛ ]m›m-Xy-kw-KoXw

N¿®-bn¬ Dcp-Øn-cn-bp∂ Bi-b-ßƒ Ipdn∏pI-fm-°p∂p. Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. A]m-I-X-Iƒ ]cn-l-cn®v sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. tIc-fob Ie-I-fpsS GI-tZ-i-Nn{Xw CXp-hgn Ipń-Iƒ°p e`n-°p-a-t√m.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

164 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

Ce-™n-Ø-d-tafw

IØp∂ th\-en¬ DW-cp-∂ Imhp-Iƒ. ]qc-ß-fpsS Imew. Xriq¿]qc-sa∂ temI-{]-kn≤ D¬k-h-Øns‚ ImgvN-°m-c-\mbn \n∂p-sIm≠v hmZy-tLm-j-ßsf \ncq-]Ww sNøp-I-bmWv sI.-kn.- \m-cm-b-W≥.

Xriq¿]qc-Øns‚ aln-abpw AXmkz-Zn-°p∂ ]pcp-jm-chpw hnkva-bm-h-l-ambhmZy-ta-f-ßfpw AXn-kp-μ-c-amb mj-bn¬ At±lw Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂p. adp-\m-´p-Im¿°v k¶¬∏n-°m≥ t]mep-am-hm-Ø, aWn-°q-dp-Iƒ \o≠p\n¬°p∂ taf-s∏-cp-°w. AXns‚ hiy-a-t\m-l-c-amb Zriyw. \nc-h[n B\-Ifpw \qdp-I-W-°n\vhmZy-°mcpw ]Xn-\m-bn-c-°-W-°n\v Bkz-mZ-Icpw tNcp-∂ AXp-ey-amb ]qcw.H®sb i_vZ-kw-kvIm-c-am-°n-b, shSn-s°-ńs\ kwKo-X-am-°nb Iem-`w-Kn-bm-Wn-hnsS hnhcn-°p-∂Xv. H∏w, tIc-fobhmZy-ß-fpsS kz`m-hhpw sshhn-[yhpw hnh-cn-°p-∂p.

Ipń-Iƒ ]mT-`mKw hmbn-°-s´.

Xriq¿]q-cw, Ahn-SsØ {]kn-≤-amb Ce-™nØ-d-ta-fw, ]qcw krjvSn-°p∂ hiy-a-t\m-l-c-Zyiyßƒ F∂nh anI-hp‰ KZy-Øn¬ sI.kn. \mcm-b-W≥ Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂p. ]mTw Ipń-Iƒ {]m[m-\y-tØmsS Dƒs°m-t≈-≠-Xp-≠v. ]qc-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw hmZy-ta-f-ß-fpsS A]q¿h`w-Kn-bpw tIc-fob hmZy-I-e-I-fpsS ta∑-Ifpw At±lw FSpØp ]d-bp-∂p; Xriq¿ ]qc-Øns‚ Akm-[m-c-W-amb h¿W-`w-Kn-bpw.

\ΩpsS kz¥w D’-h-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ ]cm-a¿i-ß-tfmsS N¿®bv°v XpS°w Ipdn-°mw.

A[ym-]nI Nne tNmZy-ßƒ tNmZn°p-∂p.

\ΩpsS \mńse G‰hpw {]i-kvX-amb D’h-ßƒ GsX-√m-amWv?

_oam∏≈n Ddqkv

ae-bm-‰q¿ ]≈ns∏cp-∂mƒ

B‰p-Im¬ s]m¶me

Xriq¿]qcw

Xt±-io-b-amb D¬k-h-ßƒ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm≥ A[ym-]nI {i≤n-°p-at√m.

Fs¥m-s°-bmWv CØcw D¬k-h-ß-fpsS {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ?

Ipń-Iƒ {]Xn-I-cn-°s´.

XpS¿∂v ]qc-Øns‚ hoUntbm {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p. (sF.-kn.-Sn.)

]qc-Øns‚ {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ

Xriq¿]qc-Øns‚ {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ Fs¥√mw?

Ipń-Iƒ Is≠-Øp∂p.

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.



XpS¿∂v au\-ambn ]mThmb\.

]qc-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Ifmbn teJ-I≥ ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂Xv Fs¥m-s°-bm-Wv?

Ipń-I-tfmSv Ipdn-°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p.

$ hºn® P\-]¶m-fnØw.

$ Xmf-hmZy{]tbm-K-ßƒ

$ H∂n¬°q-Sp-X¬ t£{X-ß-fpsS ]¶m-fnØw.

$ h¿W-a-t\m-l-c-amb IpS-am‰w.

$ \nc-h[n KP-ho-c-∑m¿, Fgp-∂-≈Øv.

$ Icn-a-cp∂p{]tbmKw

$ kmaq-lnssIIyw

$ ]qcw \S-°p∂ Imew.

$ ]qc-∏-d-ºnse \mZ-[mc.

$ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ hmZy-ßƒ.

$ tIc-f-Øns‚ kwKo-X-]m-c-ºcyw.

C{Xbpw Imcy-ßƒ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°-Ww. a‰p-≈h Ipń-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´.

Xriq¿]qc-Ønse hmZy-ta-f-Øns‚ {]tXy-IX F¥mWv?

$ \nc-h[n sN≠-°m¿.

$ Ipg¬hnfn-°m¿

$ ]©-hm-Zyw, ]©m-cn, ]m≠n XpS-ßnb taf-ßƒ.

$ Xmf-t_m-[-ap≈ Bkzm-Z-I-hrμw (Xmfw ]nSn-°¬, Cgp-In-t®-c¬).

$ i_vZ-{]-]©w

$

Ipń-Isf kwL-ß-fm-°mw.

kwL-N¿®-bn¬ taf-ssh-hn[yw, hnhn-[-Xcw hmZy-ßƒ, tIc-fob˛kwKo-X-Øns‚khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ, ]qc-Øns‚ h¿W-`w-Kn, kuμcyw XpS-ßn-bh N¿® sNø-s´.eLpIpdn-∏p-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

XpS¿∂v ]qc-sØ-°p-dn®v sI.kn. \mcm-b-W≥ hnh-cn® Imcy-ßƒ hy‡n-K-X-ambn Fgp-Xp-∂p.

Ipdn∏v ]c-kv]cw hne-bn-cpØn sa®-s∏-Sp-Ømw.

kqN-I-ßƒ

$ Dƒs°m≠ Bi-b-ßƒ

$ `mjm-{]-tbmKw

ebmfwF´mwXcw

166 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

$ Bi-b-{]-I-S\w

$ Ah-X-cW coXn

eLp-hm-Iy-ßƒ, {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ

""ag s]øp-sa∂p IcpXn IpS FSp-sØ-¶nepw H´pw s]bvXn-√.''

So®¿ hmIyw ¢mkn¬ {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p.

Cu hmIysØ eLp-hm-Iy-ß-fm-°p-∂Xv Fßs\?

So®dpsS tNmZy-Øn\v Ipń-Iƒ ]e-X-c-Øn¬ DØ-c-ßƒ ]d-bpw. t_m¿Un¬FgpXWw.

Bibw amdmsX eLp-hm-Iy-ß-fm-°n-bXv Bsc√mw?

XpS¿∂v icn-bmb cq]-Øn-te°p \bn-°m≥ X°-hÆw N¿®.

$ ag s]øp-sa∂v Icp-Xn. $ ag s]øp-sa∂v IcpXn IpS-sb-SpØp.

$ IpS FSp-Øp. $ F∂m¬ ag s]bvXn√.

$ H´pw ag s]bvXn-√. $ ag s]bvXn√.

$ s]øp-sa∂v IcpXn IpS-sb-SpØp.

F¥n-\mWv CØ-c-Øn¬ sIm®p-sIm®p hmIy-ßfpw (e-Lp-hm-Iy-ßƒ) -Zo¿L-hm-Iy-ßfpam°n am‰p-∂Xv?

Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-Ønse hy‡-Xbv°v.

sshhn-[y-Øn\v

`mh-Øn\v

KZy-Øns‚ Xmf-Øn\v.

NSp-e-Xbv°v

Nne kμ¿`-ßƒ ]cn-tim-[n®v hmIy-ßƒ Is≠Øn Xcw-Xn-cn-°-s´.

C\n ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Ønse {]h¿Ø-\-Øn-te°p \oßmw.

$ ""Cf-In-bm-Sp∂ Bƒ°q- -Øns‚ a[y-Øn¬ Hs´m∂p aq¿—n-®pw... sN∂v s]mń-®n-X-dp-∂p.''

Cu Zo¿L-hmIyw Fß-s\ eLp-hm-Iy-ß-fm°mw?

Ah-X-c-Ww, N¿®

\ΩpsS Xmf-hm-Zy-kw-kvImcw ˛ teJ\w Xbm-dm°mw

tIc-fØnse Xmf-hmZy ]mc-ºcysØ°p-dn®v ]mT- m-KØv ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂h Ipń-Iƒ Is≠Øn FgpX-s´.

$ kzc-tØ-°m-f-[nIw \mZsØ ]cn-N-bn-®p-t]m-cp∂ \mSv.

$ kwKo-X-tØ-°m-f-[nIw i_vZØn\v {]m[m\yw e`n-®p.



$ sIm´p-I-t®-cn-Iƒ hf¿∂p-h-∂p.

$ hmZy-ß-fpsS \mZw ]cn-N-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw kwkvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Ah-X-c-Whpw N¿®-bpw.

N¿®m-kq-N-\Iƒ

$ tIc-f-Ønse sshhn-[y-am¿∂ hmZy-temIw.

$ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ

$ hmZy-ß-fpsS Xcw-Xn-cnhv

Ipń-Iƒ ]mT-`mKw hmbn®v Xcw-Xn-cn®v ]ń-I-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

XXw Ah-\≤w L\w kpjncw

Iºn-hm-Zy-ßƒ tXm¬ apń i_vZ-ap-≠m-°m≥hen-®p-sI-ń-bXv Ignbp∂Xv

hoW sN≠ tNßne HmS-°p-g¬

hb-en≥ Xnane Ce-Ømfw Ipg¬a±fw

arZwKwCSbv°angmhv

]ń-I Ah-X-cWw.

sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø¬

N¿®, tNmZy-ßƒ

$ KoXhmZy-ß-tf-°mƒ Xmf-hm-Zy-ßƒ ap∂n¬ \n¬°p∂p F∂p ]d-bp-∂-sX-¥p-sIm≠v?

$ Xmf-hm-Zy-ß-fpsS hen-sbmcp ayqkn-b-amWv tIcfw F∂p ]d-bm≥ImcWsa¥v?

$ Ipdpw-Ip-g¬ tIc-f-Øn¬ km[m-c-W-bmbn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-sX-¥n-\mWv?

]mT-`mKw hmbn-®-Xns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Is≠-Ønb Imcy-ßƒ N¿®-bn¬IpńIƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

IqSp-X¬ ]T-\-Øn-\mbn sse{_-dn, a‰p km[y-X-Iƒ (sF.-kn.-Sn.) IqSn {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ømw.

d^-d≥kv : tIc-fobhmZy-ßƒ

XpS¿∂v teJ\w Xbm-dm-°m≥ Ah-kcw \¬Ip-∂p. GXm\pw t]cpsS Ah-X-c-Ww. hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ kqN-I-ßƒ s]mXp-N¿®-bn-eqsS cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

$ Xe-s°´v

$ anI® XpS°w

ebmfwF´mwXcw

168 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

$ Bi-b-ß-fpsS {Iao-I-cWw

$ Hgp-°p≈ BJym\w

$ JWvUn-Im-I-cWw

$ DNn-X-amb ]Z-{]-tbm-K-ßfpw kwtbm-P-\-ßfpw

$ D≤-c-Wn-Iƒ ({]-k-‡-am-b-h)

$ D]-kw-lmcw

kwLØn¬ hmb-\, sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø¬, sa®-s∏-´Xv t]m¿´vt^mfn-tbm-bn-te°v.

""Xmf-hm-Zy-ß-fpsS hen-sbmcp ayqkn-b-amWv tIcfw'' -˛ B¬_-\n¿amWw

tIc-f-Ønse {]ap-J- hm-Zy-I-em-Im-c≥am¿ Bscms°?

$ a´-∂q¿ i¶-c≥Ipń

$ s]cp-h\w Ip´≥am-cm¿

$ ]√m-hq¿ ktlm-Z-c≥am¿

$ amth-en-°c IrjvW≥Ip-ń-\m-b¿

$

\ΩpsS hmtZym-]-I-c-W-ßƒ GsX√m-amWv?

$ sN≠

$ Xnane

$ CSbv°

$ tNßne

$ Ce-Ømfw

$ XpSn

$

$

$

sF.-kn.Sn. km[y-X-Iƒ D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn Nn{Xßƒ {]Z¿in-∏n-°mw.

Ipń-Iƒ Nn{X-ßƒ tiJ-cn-°-s´. Bh-iy-amb hnh-c-ßƒ eLp-Ip-dn-∏p-I-fmbn]pkvX-I-Øn¬ tN¿°-s´. kwLw-Xn-cn™v B¬_w Xbm-dm-°¬. Hmtcm {Kq∏pwAh-cpsS B¬_w {]Z¿in-∏n-°Ww. s]mXp-N¿®-bn-eqsS kqN-I-ßƒ cq]o-I-cn®v kqN-I-ß-fpsS klm-b-tØmsS F√m {Kq∏p-I-fn¬ \n∂pw {]Xn-\n-[n-I-f-S-ßnb Hcp sNdp-kwLw hne-bn-cp-Ø-p∂p.

$ {lkz-amb BapJw

$ Nn{X-ß-fpsS Xnc-s™-Sp∏v



$ hn\ym-k-{Iaw

$ Ipdn-∏p-I-fnse sshhn[yw.

$ BI¿j-IX

Xriq¿]qcw

tIc-f-Ønse G‰hpw h¿W-∏-In- p≈ t£t{Xm¬k-h-amWv Xriq¿]qcw. taS-amk-

Ønse ]qcw\mfn¬ \S-°p∂ Cu D¬khw Xriq¿ Pn√-bnse {]kn-≤-amb hS-

°p∂mY t£{Xm-¶-W-Øn-ep≈ tX°n≥ImSv ssaXm-\-Øn-emWv \S-°p-∂Xv.

C∂sØ coXn-bn¬ ]qcw hn]p-e-ambn BtLm-jn-°p-∂-Xn\v ap≥ssI-sb-Sp-ØXv

sIm®n-cm-Pm-hm-bn-cp∂ i‡≥ Xºp-cm-\m-Wv.

]qcw\mfn¬ cmhnse Xncp-h-ºmSn {io-IrjvWt£{X-Øn¬ apg-ßp∂ IXn\ shSn-

tbmsS ]qc-®-S-ßp-Iƒ Bcw- n-°p-I-bm-bn. ]Xn-\©v B\-Iƒ Xncp-h-ºmSn t£{X-

Øn\v {]Z-£nWw h®v tLmj-bm-{X-bmbn hS-°p∂mYt£{X-Øn-\p-≈n¬°qSn

t£{X-Øns‚ Hcp-h-i-Ømbn AWn-\n-c-°p-∂p. {][m\ B\-bpsS ]pdØv {ioIr-

jvW-cq]w sImØnb XnSºpw ImWpw. AtX-k-abw ]Xn-\©v B\-Iƒ AS-

ßnb as‰mcp kwLw ]md-ta-°mhv t£{X-Øn¬ \n∂v Xncn®v ssaXm-\-Øns‚

FXn¿Zn-i-bn¬ BZy-kw-L-Øn\v A`n-ap-J-ambn AWn-\n-c°p-∂p. Cu kwLsØ

\bn-°p∂ B\-bpsS ]pdØv tZhn-bpsS hn{Klw AS-ßnb XnSºpw D≠m-bn-cn-

°pw. B\-Iƒ AWn-\n-c∂pIgn-™m-¬ ]m≠n-tafw, ]©mcn F∂nh Bcw-`n-

°p-∂p. a¬k-c-_p-≤n-tbmsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ taf-Øn¬ F¨]-tXmfw sN≠-

°msc IqSmsX Xnan-e, sImºv, Ipg¬, Ce-Øm-fw, iwJv F∂o hmtZym-]-I-c-W-

ßƒ ssIImcyw sNøp-∂-hcpw D≠m-Ipw. hS-°p∂m-Y-t£{X ]cn-k-cØp≈

Ce™n-bpsS Nph-ń¬ {]kn-≤-amb Ce-™n-Ø-d-tafw D®bv°v Bcw-`n®v aq∂p-

a-Wn-°q-tdmfw Ac-ßp-X-I¿°p-∂p. A¥-co-£-amsI taf-Øns‚ Ae-Iƒ \nd™p-

\n¬°pw. B\-∏p-dØv Be-h-´w, sh©m-acw F∂nh ]nSn-°p-∂-hcpw apØp-°pS

G¥n-b-hcpw \ne-bp-d-∏n-°pw.

k‘y-bm-Ip-tºmƒ IpS-am‰w Bcw- n-°p-I-bm-bn. hnhn[ h¿W-ß-fn-ep-≈Xpw at\m-

l-c-ß-fp-amb IpS-Iƒ Iem-t_m-[-tØmsS am‰nam‰n Ccp-h-i-°mcpw h¿W-ß-fpsS

ambm-{]-]©wXs∂ krjvSn-°p-∂p. ]pXp-]p-Ø≥ IpS-I-fmWv D]-tbm-Kn-t°-≠Xv.

]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ ]©-hm-Zyhpw sN≠-ta-fhpw apg-ßn-s°m-t≠-bn-cn-°pw.

A¥co£w Ccp-ń-Øp-S-ßp-tºmƒ ssaXm\w hnf-°p-I-fpsS {]`m-]q-c-Øn¬

apßp∂p. IpS-am-‰-Øn-\p-tijw B\-Iƒ aS-ßn-t∏m-hp-Ibpw XnS-ºp-Iƒ {iotIm-

hn-en-te°v XncnsI hbv°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. cm{Xn aq∂p-a-Wn°v ]cn-kcw apgph≥

{]I-º\w sIm≈-Ø-°-hn-[-Øn-ep≈ shSn-s°´v Bcw-`n-°pw. h¿W-]p-jv]-ßƒ

hncn-bn-°p∂ Icn-a-cp∂p{]-tbmKw {]Im-i-Øn-s‚bpw ambm-temIw krjvSn-°p∂p.

]nt‰-Zn-h-khpw sNdnb coXn-bn-ep≈ Fgp-∂-≈n∏pw IpS-am-‰hpw ImWpw. D®bv°v

GI-tZiw c≠p-a-Wn-tbmsS ]qc-®-S-ßp-Iƒ Ah-km-\n-°p-∂p.

(Ah-ew_w ˛ _me-ssI-c-fo-hn-⁄m-\-tImiw)

ebmfwF´mwXcw

170 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

hmZy-ßƒ (D]-I-c-W-kw-Ko-Xw)

{ipXn-a-[p-c-amb \mZkrjvSn-°p-X-Ip∂ D]-I-c-W-amWv hmZyw. H‰bvt°m Iq´mtbmD≈ {]tbm-K-Øn-eqsS D]-I-c-W-kw-KoXw Bhn-jvI-cn-°mw. hmtZym-]-I-c-W-ßsf{][m-\-ambpw Ah-\-≤w, XXw, kpjn-cw, L\w F∂n-ßs\ Xcw-Xn-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. hmtZym-]-I-c-W-ßƒ \n¿Ωn-°m\pw hmbn-°m\pw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ hkvXp-°sf ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bmWv Cu hn`-P-\w.

kwKo-tXm-]-I-c-W-ß-fn¬ XpI¬ \n¿anX hmZy-ß-fmWv Ah-\-≤-hm-Zy-ßƒ. Cw•o-jn¬ Chsb s]¿°-j≥ C≥kv{Sp-sa‚ vkv F∂v ]d-bp-∂p. Ah-\-≤-hm-Zy-ß-fn¬ G‰hpw {]mNo-\-am-b-XmWv `qan-Zp-μp-`n, \Km-c, s]cp-º-d, t`cn apX-em-b-h.sN≠, Ua-cp, XIn¬, Xnan-e, X_-e, a±-fw, arZw-Kw, K©n-d, X∏v XpS-ßn-b-h-sbms° Cu hn`m-K-Øn¬s∏-Sp-∂p.

XX-hm-Zy-ß-fpsS D¬`hw thS≥am-cpsS Aºnepw hn√nepw \n∂m-sW∂v Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p. hen-®p-ap-dp-°n-s°- nb Iºn-I-fn¬ X´p-Itbm hn√p-sIm≠v Dc-kp-ItbmsNbvXm¬ i_vZw tIƒ∏n-°m-sa∂v a\p-jy¿ a\- n-em-°n. GIvXm¿, Sp≥Sn-\m,cmh-W-lkvX F∂o \mS≥hoW-I-fn¬ \n∂v cq]wsIm≠-XmWv B[p-\nI XX-hm-Zy-ßƒ. hoW, tKm´p-hm-Zyw, hb-en≥, KnØm¿, knØm¿ F∂nh XX-hm-Zy-ß-fn¬s∏-Sp-∂p.

hkvXp°-fn¬ kpjn-c-ß-fp-≠m°n AXn-\p-≈n¬ hmbp IS-Øn-hn-´mWv kpjn-c-hm-Zy-ßfn¬ i_vZ-ap-≠m-°p-∂-Xv. Im‰n¬ De-bp∂ apf-¶m-Sp-I-fn¬ \n∂p-≠m-Ip∂Nqf-an-S¬ i_vZ-amWv a\p-jy\v Cu Bibw \¬In-bX-t{X. ]p√m-¶p-g¬,_mwkpcn, \mK-kzcw, Ipg¬ XpSßn At\Iw kpjn-c-hm-Zy-ßƒ (hn≥UvC≥kv{Spsa‚ vkv) D≠v.

temlw sIm≠v \n¿Ωn-®-h-bmWv teml-hm-Zy-ßƒ. Ch L\-i_vZw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ L\-hm-Zy-ßƒ F∂pw Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. tNßn-e, Ce-Øm-fw,Qme¿, knw_-en≥ XpS-ßn-bh Cu KW-Øn¬s∏-Sp-∂p.

ta¬∏-d™ hn`-P-\-Øn¬ IrXy-ambpw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm\mhmØ kwKo-tXm-]-I-c-W-ßfpap≠v. Ch-bn¬ _´-Wp-Ifpw Iot_m¿Upw LSn-∏n® D]-I-c-W-ßfpwDƒs∏-Sp-∂p. Chsb bYm-{Iaw Iot_m¿Uv D]-I-c-W-ßƒ F∂pw doUv D]-I-c-W-ßƒ F∂pw ]d-bp-∂p. At°m¿Un-b≥, Hm¿K≥, ]nbm-t\m, ¢m¿s\-‰v, lm¿tam-Wnbw XpS-ßn-bh CØcw hmtZym-]-I-c-W-ß-fm-Wv.

{]tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp∂ taJ-esb ASn-ÿm-\-am°n hmtZym-]-I-c-W-ßsf Km\-hm-Zy-ßƒ, Xmf-hm-Zy-ßƒ, {ipXn-hm-Zy-ßƒ F∂pw hn`-Pn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

(Ah-ew_w ˛ _me-ssI-c-fo-hn-⁄m-\-tIm-iw, kwÿm\ _me-km-lnXyC≥Ãn‰yq´v.)

Io¿Øn-ap{Z

Iesb PohnXw Xs∂-bm°n D]m-kn® Hcp Iem-Im-c≥ kz¥w Poh≥ XyPn®vIo¿Øn t\Snb IY "Io¿Øn-ap{Z'bneqsS DÆn-Ir-jvW≥ ]pXq¿ hc®pIm´p-∂p."IrjvW-\m´w' F∂ Iem-cq-]-Øn-eqsS AWn-b-d-bnepw Ac-ßnepw Hcpt]mse



tim`n® AXpey{]Xn-`. hyXykvX cq]`mh-ß-fp≈ IYm]m{X-ßƒ°v Poh≥\¬In PohnXw Iebv°p th≠n Dgn-™p-h®, Ifn-b-cßv ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bmbnI≠ Item-]m-k-I≥. buh-\-Øp-Sn-∏p≈ kzbw-hc IrjvW-\mbpw Ah-km-\-Imew {Iucy-Øns‚ apJ-ap≈ bh-\-\mbpw At±lw BSn. ImWn-I-fpsSa\wIh¿∂ Cu Iem-Im-c≥ Ac-ßn¬Øs∂ PohnXw tlman®v A\-iz-c\mbnamdp-∂p. Xmßm-\m-hmØ lrZ-b-`m-c-am-bn-cn°mw A¥y-Øn\p Imc-W-am-b-Xv.

]Xn-aq∂mw hb- n¬ I®sIń-bn-dßn F¨]-Øn-sb´mw hb- nepw Iesb D]m-kn-°p∂, F√m-h-cp-sSbpw Bim-\mb Cu Iem-Im-cs\ kaqlw BZ-cn-°p-∂p.AXn-\mbn apJy-a{¥n Iem-Xn-e-IØn\p Io¿Øn-ap{Z \¬Ip-sa-∂-dn-bn-®-t∏mƒB a\- n¬ C∂pw A∂pw D≈ PohnX Ime-L- -Øns‚ XmcXayw IS∂phcp∂p.]pXp-X-e-ap-d -I-esb Imcy-am-sb-Sp-°p-∂pt≠m F∂ Bi¶ ]¶p hbv°p-∂p.HcpImeØv Xm\pƒs°m≠ IYbpw IYm-]m-{X-ßfpw Bims‚ a\- n¬Xnc»oebv°p ap∂n-se∂ t]mse IS∂phcp-∂p-≠v. IYm-]m-{X-hp-am-bp≈ X∑-bo- mhw sIm≠mhmw, {ioIr-jvW-]-c-am-fl-hmbn At±lw F√m-bn-SØpw \nd™p\n∂n-cp-∂-Xv. IrjvW-\n-eqsS Pohn® Ime-L´w Ft∏mgpw ap∂n-ep-≠v. Hm¿Ω-I-fn¬ A∂sØ thj-hn-[m-\-ßfpw Ah-X-c-Whpw {]Xn-^-en-°p-∂p. Ah-km\thj-an-Sp-tºmƒ AW-bm-dmb hnf°v Bfn-°-Øp-∂-Xp-t]mse At±-l-Øns‚D≈nepw AanX kt¥m-j-Øns‚ shfn®w \nd-bp-∂p. IrjvW\pw bh\\pwXΩnep≈ Zzμz-bp≤w ImWpI F∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ Bims‚ Ac-sßm-gn-bp-∂-Xn-\p-ap-ºp≈ Ah-km\ thjw ImWm-\p≈ BImw£ ImWn-Iƒ°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn hmb-\-°m-c\v t_m[y-s∏-Sp∂p. Htc-k-abw Pohn-X-sa∂ Acßpw IY-I-fn-b-cßpw Ah-km-\n-°p∂ A]q¿h-am-sbmcp ]cy-h-km-\-amWv Cu IY-bv°p-≈Xv.Bkzm-Z-I¿ c≠n\pw km£n-I-fm-hp-I-bm-Wv.

{]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

$ IY-I-fn-bpsS sNdn-sbmcp `mKw sF.kn.Sn km[y-X-bn-eqsS {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p.

$ Cu Iem-cq]w GXv?

$ CXns‚ {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ Fs¥√mw?

$ IY-IfnIem-Im-c-∑msc Bsc-sbms° Adnbmw?

DZm: Iem-a-fiew IrjvW≥\mb¿

CXp-t]mse as‰mcp Iem-Im-cs\ Cu IY-bn-eqsS ]cn-N-b-s∏-Smw.

-˛ ]mT-`mKw hmbn-°-s´.

˛ eL-ptNm-Zy-ß-fn-te°v.

$ IY-bnse IemImcs‚ PohnXw Fßs\-bp-≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p?

""Bim≥ IncoSw sXm´ph-μn-®p. \a-kvI-cn-®p. F¥p-sImt≠m IÆp\nd™p''.-

Bims‚ IÆp \nd-™-Xn\v Imc-W-sa-¥mhmw?

B kμ¿ -Øn¬ At±-l-Øns‚ a\- n-eqsS IS∂pt]mbXv Fs¥m-s°-bmhmw?

ebmfwF´mwXcw

172 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

Ah-km-\sØ thjw.

Iem-Im-c-\mbn PohnXw ad-∂p-t]m-bn.

C\n Xm≥ cwK-Øn-√t√m F∂ Nn¥.

kqN-\-Iƒ Dƒs∏-SpØn N¿®sNbvXv IqSp-X¬ Imcy-ßƒ tN¿Øv Ipdn∏v ]q¿Øn-bm-°mw.

IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ at\m-`mhw

"Io¿Øn-ap{Z' bnse \mb-Is‚ at\m-k-©m-c-amWv IY-bpsS ap°m¬ ]¶p-ap-≈-Xv. Ah-km-\n-°p-∂Xv Ac-ßn¬Øs∂. Ac-sßmgnbp∂ Zmcp-W-amb kw`-h-Øn-em-Wv. CXn-\n-S-bn¬ At±lw Nn¥n-°p-∂Xv Fs¥-√m-amWv?

eLp-tNm-Zy-ßƒ

$ At±lw Fs¥√mw Hm¿°p∂p?

$ Hm¿ΩI-fn¬\n∂v IY-I-fn-tbmSpw hnhn[- thj-ß-tfmSpw At±-l-Øn-\p≈A`n-\n-thiw Fß-s\-sb√mw sXfn-bp∂p?

$ Hm¿Ω-bn¬ sXfn-bp∂, Xm≥ Ah-X-cn-∏n® IYm-]m-{X-ßƒ?

$ IY-bnse IYm-]m{Xw a‰p IYm-]m-{X-ßsf Hm¿°p-∂-sX-ßs\?

$ Pohn-X-Ønse Zpc-¥-ßƒ GsX√mw?

$

CØcw IqSp-X-¬ tNmZy-ß-fn-eqsS IYm-]m-{XsØ Bg-Øn¬ hni-I-e\wsNøWw.

CXv Hcp IYm-]m-{X-\n-cq-]-W-ambn Fgp-Xmw.

Bkzm-Z\w

Bkzm-Z-\-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ ap≥]m-T-`mKØp ]d-™n-´p-≠-t√m. DÆn-Ir-jvW≥ ]pXq-cns‚ "Io¿Øn-ap{Z' ]T-\-a¿ln-°p∂ H∂m-Wv. Bkzm-Z\w Xbm-dm°pw apºv ct≠m aqt∂m h´w IY hmbn-°p-Ibpw F√mw Awi-ßfpw Dƒs°m-≈p-Ibpw th≠-Xp-≠v. a\- n¬ \∂mbn ]Xn™ Hcp cN-\-bn¬\nt∂ bYm¿∞Bkzm-Z\w ]pdØphcp-I-bp-≈q.

IY-sb-°p-dn®p samØ-Øn¬ Hcp N¿® \S-Ømw.

$ IY-bnse \mb-I≥ Bcv?

$ F¥m-W-t±-l-Øns‚ {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ?

$ IY BcpsS \ne-]m-Sn-eq-sS-bmWv apt∂m´p \oßp-∂Xv?

$ Fs¥√mw hnIm-c-ß-fmWv IYm-\m-b-I≥ {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂Xv?

$ \n -lm-b-\mb Hcp a\p-jys‚ Iem-Im-cs‚ Fs¥√mw Ah-ÿ-Iƒ ChnsSsXfn-bp∂p?

$ IY-bpsS LS-\, `mj



$ Akm[m-cW-amb F¥p- kw-`-h-amWv IY-bn-ep-≈Xv?

$

XpS-ßnb tNmZy-ß-fn-eqsS N¿® \bn°p-∂p. e`n-°p∂ Bi-b-ßƒ A∏-t∏mƒIpdn®phbv-°p-∂p.

XpS¿N¿®bv°p tijw Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°mw.

Ifn-b-—≥ P\n-°p-∂p

alm-Ihn ]n. Ip-™n-cm-a≥\mb-cpsS Hcp t^mt´m Nm¿ń¬ Hń®v {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p. (Nm¿ńs‚ a[y- m-KØv t^mt´m. _m°n mKØv Bh-iy-Øn\v ÿewD≠m-h-Ww.)

XpS¿∂v tNmZyw D∂-bn°mw:

? Cu Nn{Xw Bcp-tSXv?

? At±-l-sØ-°p-dn®v \nßƒ°v Fs¥√mw Adnbmw?

Ipń-Iƒ `mjm-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ FgpXp-∂p.

Bh-iyamb kqN-\-Iƒ \¬IWw.

$ Ihntbm? IYm-Im-ct\m?

$ Nne Ihn-Xm-i-I-e-ßƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°mw.

$ IrXn-Iƒ (A©mw-¢m-kn¬ "Fßp-t]mbn' F∂ IhnX tN¿Øn-´p-≠v).

khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ

hy‡n ˛ Imk-d-tKmUv Pn√-bn¬ P\\w.

˛ {]Ir-Xyp]m-k-I≥

IrXn-Iƒ ˛ Xma-c-tØmWn

˛ Ifn-b-—≥

hy‡n-KXcN-\bv°v tijw kwL-ambn N¿®sNøp-∂p. Hmtcm {Kq∏n¬ \n∂pwHcmƒ F∂ coXn-bn¬ Ah¿ Is≠-Ønb Imcy-ßƒ kqN-\-I-fmbn ¢mkn¬{]Z¿in-∏n® Nm¿ń¬ Fgp-Xp-∂p.

]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ "Fgp-Øp-Imsc Adn-bpI' F∂ `mKØp ]d™ Imcy-ßƒIqSn Iqń-t®¿Øv sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø-s´.

At±-l-Øns‚ Hcp cN\ ]cn-N-b-s∏Smw. kwL-ambn hmbn-°-s´ (HmtcmcpØ-cmbn Dds° hmbn-°-Ww).

Is≠-Øn-∏-dbmw

A[ym-]nI Nne hmIy-ßƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. Ipń-Iƒ kμ¿`w Is≠-Øn-∏-d-bWw. (Hmtcm hmIy-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-Ww. {Kq∏n¬ Ipń-Iƒ ]mT-]p-kvXIw]cn-tim-[n®v Hcmƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. sX‰p-Iq-SmsX ]c-am-h[n Bi-b-ßƒ BZyw]d-bp∂h¿°p t]mbn‚ v \¬I-Ww.)

ebmfwF´mwXcw

174 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

""sshtem-∏n-≈nbpw Hf-∏-a-Æbpw IhnX hnf-ºn. ]\n-\o¿∏qhpw sNº-I-∏qhpwB thZn-bn¬ NnXdn''.

""Ihn-X-sb-gpØp Ign-™ alm-Imiw tNmZn®p: Xs‚ IhnX F¥mbn?''

""\nfmIt√m-e-ßƒ B Imhy kph¿WIm¥n tam¥n-°p-Sn-°p∂p''.

""tIc-f-Øns‚ kwkvIm-cw, kuμcyw, ktμiw Cu aq∂ns‚ ]pf-I-a-Wn™]q¿WN{μ-{]` ˛ h≈-tØmƒ''.

anI® coXn-bn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n® {Kq∏ns\ A`n-\-μn-°mw.

Ihn-Isf hnti-jn-∏n-®Xv

(Sn._n. {]h¿Ø-\w)

XpS¿∂v A[ym-]nI tNmZn-°p-∂p.

kmln-Xy-]-cn-jØv ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°m-s\-Ønb Ihn-Isf ]mT-`m-KØvFß-s\-sbms°bmWv Ah-X-cn-∏n-®Xv?

]mT-`mKw hmb\ (hy‡n-K-Xw). Is≠Øn FgpXp∂p. GXm\pw t]cpsS Ah-X-c-Ww. Iqń-t®¿°¬.

$ D≈wssIbn¬ kap-{Z-sa-SpØv BN-an® AK-kvXy≥ ˛ F≥.hn IrjvW-hmcnb¿

$ A¥- p≈ a\p-jy≥, Ign-hp≈ Ihn, Bg-ap≈ IhnX ˛ Pn.

$ ]\n-\o¿∏qhpw sNº-I-∏qhpw B thZn-bn¬ NnX-dn. sshtem-∏n-≈nbpw Hf-∏-aÆbpw IhnX Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-Xv.

$ tIc-f-Øns‚ kwkvIm-cw, kuμ-cyw, ktμiw Cu aq∂ns‚ ]pf-I-a-Wn™]q¿WN{μ-{]` ˛ h≈-tØmƒ.

Ifn-b-—≥ P\n-°p∂p

aebmf IhnXmkmlnXyNcn-{X-Ønse \nXy-hn-kva-bamWv ]n. Ip™n-cm-a≥\mb¿.Fgp-Xnb Ihn-X-bpsS _mlpeywsIm≠pw Ihn-X-I-fnse kuμ-cymw-i-ß-fpsS kº-∂-X-sIm≠pw BIm-i-Kw-K-bn¬ \£-{X-ß-sf-∂-t]mse Imhy-_nw-_-ß-fpsS[mcm-fn-Øw-sIm≠pw A\p-Kr-lo-X-amWv At±-l-Øns‚ Imhy-tem-Iw. At±lwFgp-Xnb Bfl-I-Y-I-fn¬ s\Sp-\m-b-IXzw hln-°p∂p "Ihn-bpsS Im¬∏m-Sp-Iƒ'Fs∂-Øn-c-bp∂ Rm≥, \nXy-I-\y-I-sb-tØSn F∂o Bfl-I-Ymw-i-ap≈ cN-\-Ifpw At±-l-Øn-t‚-Xm-bp-≠v. Ip™n-cm-a≥\mb-cpsS Pohn-X-hp-ambn Gsd _‘-s∏-´p-\n¬°p∂ Ihn-X-bmWv "Ifn-b-—≥'. "Ifn-b-—s‚' cN-\m-k-μ¿`w sshIm-cn-I-amb Hcp A\p-`-h-am-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øn\v. Cu sshIm-cn-IX H´pw tNm¿∂p-t]m-ImsX hmb-\-°m-cn-se-Øn-°p∂ mK-amWv "Ifn-b-—≥ P\n-°p∂p' F∂ ]mT-k-μ¿`w.



$ Sn._n. {]h¿Ø\w

]mT-`mKw hmbn®v Ipń-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´. GXm\pw t]¿ hmNn-I-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂p. a‰p-≈-h¿ Iqń-t®¿°-s´.

$ ""IqSm-fn- h-enb \ºym¿ ]d™ hnjbw IY-I-fn-bp-sSbpw thj-Øn-s‚bpwIY s]s´∂p ans∂m-fn-bmbn a\- n¬ ]mfn. Pohn-X-amsI Xnf-ßn GtXmZ¿i-\-ap-≠m-bn.''

$ ""an∂epw CSnbpw agbpw H∏w. hnj-bhpw `mh-\bpw cN-\m-in-ev]hpw hcn-Ifpw H∏w. Hcp CS-h-∏m-Xn-a-g. BImiw IS-en-c-º-am-bn. F∂m¬ `qan°vNne sh≈-Øp-≈n-Iƒ am{Xw.''

$ ""\\™ ag B amdm-e-ap-dn-°p-≈n¬ Ihn sNm√n. t]\ ]I¿Øn. Icn-ºp-gp-t]mse Cg-bp∂ A£c-ßƒ.''

$ ""sagp-Ip-Xncn aqs∂Æw Fs∂ c£n-°m≥ Bfl-lpXn sNbvXp. \memwsagp-Ip-Xncn acn-°pw-apºv IcSp ]I¿Øn. Ccp-ń¬ apßn-Ø∏n a\- n-s\mcpapØp-aWn Inń.''

t\m´v ]pkvX-IØn¬ hy-‡n-K-X-ambn FgpX-s´.

D]-\-ymkw ˛ {]Ir-Xnbpw ]n. Ip™n-cm-a≥\mb-cpsS Ihn-Xbpw

]mT-`mKw Ipń-Iƒ kwL-ambn hmbn-°-s´. N¿®

Ifn-b-—≥ P\n-°p∂p (]m-T-`m-Kw)

CXc ]n. Ihn-X-Iƒ

Ch-bnse {]IrXn k¶¬∏w

$ 'Ifn-b-—≥ P\n-°p-∂p' F∂ ]mT-`m-KØv ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ {]Ir-Xn--`wKn IqSp-X-embn Is≠-Øp-∂p.

{]IrXn ]n.

Ihn-X-bn¬

an∂epw CSnbpw agbpw. CS-h-∏mXn ag.......-B-Im-iw.........-I-S-en-c-º-ambn. F∂m¬ qan°v Nnesh≈-Øp-≈n-Iƒ am{Xw.

{]IrXnkuμ-c-y-Øn¬B\-μn-°p∂ Ihn.

{]`mXwkz¿Ww hnf-bp∂ Ing-t°-Zn°v. sN¶-Xn¿ame s]mXn-bp∂ DZ-b-kq-c-y-{]-`.

{]Ir-Xnsb Bcm-[n-°p∂ Ihn.

`mc-X-∏p-g-h°v. \oe-cm-{Xn. sshc-s∏mSn NnX-dnb BImiw. Zqscaßnb ae\nc. ]pg -bpsSGIm¥kwKoXw.

{]Ir-Xn-bn¬ `mhwIe¿Øp∂ Ihn.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

176 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

$ ]n.bpsS IqSp-X¬ Ihn-X-Iƒ Is≠Øn hmb\.

$ Xma-c-tØmWn

$

XpS¿∂v So®¿ sSIvÃn¬ \¬In-b Ihn-X-Iƒ hmb-\bv°v e`y-am-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ Xbm-dm-°p-∂p (hy-‡n-KXw). ]c-kv]cw ssIamdn hmb\ sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø¬. D]-\-ymkcN\.

$ FUn-‰nMv {]{Inb bqWn‰v 1 ¬ hni-Zo-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v.

$ sa®-s∏-Sp-Ønb D]-\-ym-k-ßƒ tN¿Øv ]Xn∏v Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

A[n-I-hm-b-\bv°v

HmW-kZy

hm\n¬ Nfn-bn¬°-\Iw ˛ \qdp

ta\n hnf-bp∂ \mfn¬,

ImSn≥X-S-ß-fn¬ a™ ˛ shbn˛

temSn-\-S-°p∂ \mfn¬,

tXmSn≥ Pe-X-cw-KsØ ˛ °m‰p

tXSn-Ø-S-hp∂ \mfn¬,

hmcp‰ Xpºn-Iƒ sh≈n ˛ ∏Ww

hmcn-sb-dn-bp∂ \mfn¬,

]¶-Øn¬\n∂p Infn¿°p ˛ anfw

X¶-°-Xn-cp-Iƒt]m-se,

HØp-tN¿∂n´p-≠-gIn ˛ eh¿

ap‰sØ amhn≥Np-h-ń¬!

\qWp IS∂p hcp∂q ˛ sas√˛

tbmW-sh-bn-sem-fn-\m-fw.

HmW-°mgvN

h¿j-I-co-{μ-a-Z-a-Sßn

Im¿j-I-Nn-Ø-Øn-em-i-s]mßn

hmscmfn XqInb amcn-ta-L˛

®mdn≥ IdpØ XneIw am™p.

Nnß-∏p-ecn Ipfn-®p-h∂p

Nμ-\-s®∏p Xpd-∂p-h®p

Aw_-c-Xm-c-I-fm™p ]p¬Im≥

hºp-s∂m-cm-º-e-∏qhp NqSn

amS-∏n-dm-sh-gp-a-º-ehpw

]mShpw tXmSpw IS-∂p-tIdn



Imf-^-Wn-KWw \nt£-]-ßƒ

Im°p∂ Imhn≥ \S-bn¬°qSn

s]m∂pw IXn¿°p-e-tb¥n sat√

h∂p-t]mbv h∂p-t]mbv®nß-amkw!

kqcy-In-c-W-ßƒ s\bvXp \¬Ipw

t\cnb tImSn-∏p-Sh Np‰n

AΩ-bm-aqgn I\n™p \¬Ipw

s]m∑Wn-am-en-\y-sa-Sp-Ø-Wn™p

t{]a-a-c-μ-∏p-g-bn-ep≈

Xma-c-tØm-Wn-°-S-hp-Xm≠n

HmW-a-e-cp-Iƒ XmWp-\n∂p

ImWn-°-hbv°pw hc-ºn-eqsS

s]m∂p-j- -‘y-{]-`-bn¬ apßn

h∂p-t]mbv h∂p-t]m-bv®n-ß-amkw!

D’hw

ae-X¬ tXmfn¬\n-∂m-dn≥˛aSn-Ø-ń¬°p-Xn-®p-S≥apßn-s∏mßpw hnIr-XnbmwtaS-Øn¬ sIm´p-sX-∂tea™-s∏m-ń´ Xqsh-≈˛be-cn∏q hncn-®Xmw]Sn-°¬ hs∂-Øn-t\m-°n˛tbmSn-t∏m-Ip-h-sXßp \o?\o hcpw-hgn t\m°n-s°m˛≠ncn∏q sIm®p-]-£n-IƒsImSn-tIdn Xfn-®m¿Øn¬am©p-h-ń-se-bp-’hw!\oe-∏q-¶p-bn-em-bv, ∏®˛°nfn-bm-bv, AÆ-bm-bv, aWwtam¥pw Im‰mbv IqSp-amdpwam©p-h-ń-se-bp-’hw!Cc-´-s°mºp \o≠p≈sXtßm-e-a-S-em-\-Iƒ]´w-sIń \nc-°p∂taS-am-k-a-tlm-’-hw.

shfn-®-Øns‚ Ifn

apIn-ep-Iƒ tabpw Ip∂n≥sN-cn-hn-sem-c-º-e-ap-≠-t√m,Aº-e-\-S-bn¬ ]¥-en-Sp-s∂mcp ama-c-ap-≠-t√m.lrZtb s]mńb Ihn-X-I-W-°m-∏m¬∏p-g-sbm-gp-Ip-tºmƒ,Znhy-c-km-\p-`-h-Øn¬ aZn® Ihp-ßp-I-fm-Sp-tºmƒ,

ebmfwF´mwXcw

178 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

Imhn-\ndw Iecpw sXfn-hm-\n¬ XmcI \o¥p-tºmƒ,]\n-aXn X≥ Ie IS-e-e-bn¬s®-dp-tXm-Wn-bn-d-°p-tºmƒ,t\m‰p sImXn-s®mcp ]q°mew s]m≥In-ßn-Wn-b-Wn-bp-tºmƒ,B‰n≥I-c-bn¬ Ip™m-‰-°nfn Ihn-X-Iƒ aqfp∂p:""Fs¥mcp am‰w! Icp-an-°¿°-S-kw-{I-a-bm-an-\n-bmƒNº-I-a-e-cn≥ h¿Ww Xncfpw tamln-\n-I-\y-I-bmbv!Iń-bn-cp-sºmcp cmkm¬Ø-¶-Ø-In-SmIpw t]mse]q©n-d-]ps-°mcp I\yI apßn-s∏m-ßn-hcpw t]mse,IÆo¿°-S-en¬\n-s∂mcp ]p©ncn Ic-b-W-bpw-t]m-se,h∂nXp Ip∂n≥sN-cp-hn¬®n-ß-∏p-e-cn-∏q¨t], \o!]e-\n-d-tamepw ae-cn≥ cXv\-°-√p-I-sf-hn-Spt∂m?]qsØmcp Nº-I-a-c-\n-c-t]m-en-°p-∂n≥ sNcp-hn-¬sX√nS \n¬°q, IWn-Im-Wt´ Ia-\obw cq]w!\ne-bn-√m-sØmcp hm\n¬°p-¶p-a-h¿Ww \o ]m‰o,If`w ]qinb apΩp-Sn-a-e-X-∂-Sn-hmcw ]‰n.

Nne {][m\ Nn”-ßƒ

Nn”w D]-tbmKw

`nØnI : A\y-`m-jWw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\p apºv

hni-Zo-I-cWw th≠n hcp-tºmƒ.

kw`m-jWw Fgp-Xp-tºmƒ ]d-bp-∂-h-cpsS t]cn\v tijw.

A¿[-hn-cmaw ; Bibw Gd-°ptd ]q¿W-amWv.]t£, A¬∏w IqSn ]d-™m¬am{Xta I¿Ømhv Dt±-in®Bibw ]q¿Øn-bm-hq. AØcwCS-ß-fn¬ A¿[-hn-cmaw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

DZm: ag-s]bvXq; DjvWw ian-®n-√.

D≤-cWn "" '' as‰m-cm-fpsS hmIyw D≤-cn-°p-tºmƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

tcJ ˛ ˛ K¿`nXhmIyw hcp-tºmƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

]q¿W-hn-cmaw . Bibw ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-tºmƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

tNmZy-Nn”w ? DØcw {]Xo-£n-°p∂ tNmZy-cq -]-Øn-ep≈ hmIy-Øns\mSp-hn¬.

B›cyNn”w ! DØcw {]Xo-£n-°mØ tNmZy-cq-]-Øn-ep≈ hmIy-ßƒ°vCu -Nn”amWv D]-tbm-Kn-t°-≠-Xv.

DZm: Cu DZym\w F{X at\m-l-c-amWv!

A¬∏-hn-cmaw , Hcp hn`m-K-Øn¬ s]´ H∂n-e-[nIw ]Z-ßƒ Fgp-Xp-tºmgpwkwt_m-[-\bv°p tijhpw AwK-hm-Iy-ßƒ th¿Xn-cn-°p-tºmgpw kw`m-jWw Fgp-Xp-tºmƒ mKn-I-ambn \n¿Ø¬D≈-t∏mgpw D]tbmKn°p∂p.



hebw () Hcp hmIy-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ as‰mcp ]Ztam hmIytam tN¿°p-tºmƒ, hmIy-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ Nne ]Z-ß-fpsS A¿Yw kqNn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ.

irwJe ˛ Hcp ]ZsØ c≠p kμ¿`-ß-fnepw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p

{]tbm-K-`wKn Is≠Ømw

Sn._n. {]h¿Ø\w hmb\

Nm¿´v / ]h¿t]m-bn‚ v {]k-t‚-j≥

]mTkμ¿`w Is≠-Øp-∂p. Hmtcm kμ¿`hpw {Kq∏n¬ hmbn®v N¿®sNøp∂p.

DZm: \nfmIt√m-e-ßƒ B Imhy kph¿WIm¥n tam¥n-°p-Sn-°p∂p

Ifn-b-—≥ F∂ Ihn-X-bpsS cN\mkμ¿`w.

kmlnXy]cn-jØv ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ IhnX hmbn-°Ww ˛ IhnX hcp-∂n√.

Xte-Zn-hkw IqSmfn henb \ºym¿ ]d™ IY-I-fn-bpsSbpw thj-Øns‚bpwIY a\- n¬ ]mfn.

an∂epw CSnbpw agbpw H∏w.

\\-™ -ag B amdm-e-ap-dn-°p-≈n¬. Ihn sNm√n. t]\ ]I¿Øn.

sagpIp-Xncn aqs∂Æw ˛ \memw sagp-IpXncn Xocpw-apºv IcSp ]I¿Øn.

]nt‰∂p {]`mXw ˛ ]pXnb {]`m-Xw. kz¿Ww hnf-bp∂ Ing-t°- Zn-°v. sN¶-Xn¿ame sNmcn-bp∂ DZ-b-kq-cy-{]-`.

{]`m-X-Im-¥nbpw H∏w Imhy-Im-¥nbpw.

a‰p-≈ kμ¿`ßfpw Is≠Øn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°Ww.s]mXpN¿®. sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø¬. t\m´v]pkvX-IØn¬ Ipdn-°p-∂p.

Ihn-X-tbmSv

tIcf-Øns‚ sshhn-[y-am¿∂ Iem-]m-c-º-cy-ß-fn¬ \mS≥I-e-I-fpsS ÿm\wFSp-Øp-]-d-tb-≠-Xm-Wv. \mS≥]m- p-Ifpw \mS-I-ßfpw Ifn-Ifpw \nd™ B kº-∂-Im-eØv Gsd P\-Io-b-am-bn-Øo¿∂ H∂mWv am∏n-f-∏m-´p-Iƒ. Ad_nae-bm-f-Øns‚ Nmcp-X-bn¬ hm¿∂phoW am∏n-f-∏m-´p-Iƒ C∂pw ]pXpa tNmcmsX Bhn-jvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v.

am∏n-f-∏m´v Km\-im-Jbv°v hSt° ae-_m-dns‚ kw`m-h-\-bmWv Imhy-{]-Xn- -bmbSn.- D-ss_-Zv. am∏n-f-∏m-ń¬ Imhy-`m-h-\-bpsS hnkva-b-I-c-amb tNcp-h-Iƒ sIm≠v\h-temIw krjvSn®p Cu {]Xn-`. Ip™n-cm-a≥\mb-sc-t∏mse {]Ir-Xn-sbbpw

\nfmIt√m-e-ßƒ B Imhykph¿WIm¥n tam¥n°p-Sn-°p∂p.

sNfn-°p≠v sN¥m-a-c-°p-f-am-bn- amdp∂p.

a™p-Xp≈n sshc°-s√∂v t]sc-Sp-°p∂p.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

180 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

AXns‚ {]Xn-`m-k-ß-sfbpw Bhm-ln®v Xs‚ cN-\-Isf k-ar-≤am-°nb Ihn-bmWv Sn.-D-ss_-Zv.

X\Xv am∏n-f-∏m-ńs‚ ssien-bn¬ \n∂v hn´p-amdn Km\m-fl-Ihpw F∂m¬ ae-bmf IhnXmkmln-Xy-[m-c-tbmSv Dƒt®¿∂-Xp-amb Hcp cN-\-bmWv "Ihn-X-tbmSv'.AXnse Hcp `mK-amWv ]mTw. Ihn-sb∂ \ne-bn¬ Xs‚ ]nd-hn°v Imc-W-ambImhy-am-Xm-hns\ ˛ AXv {]IrXn Xs∂-bmWv ˛ At\z-jn-°p∂ Ihn-X-bmWvCXv. B AΩ-bpsS ]q¿WX Z¿in-°-W-sa∂ Bi-tbmsS At\z-jn-°p∂ Ihn°vAΩ-bpsS kuμ-cymw-i-ß-sf-°≠v Xr]vX-\m-hmt\ ]‰p-∂p-≈q. F¶nepw X\n°v]q¿W-Z¿i\w \¬In Xs‚ ImWn-°-tb‰p hmßn B{Klw ]q¿Øn-bm-°-W-sa∂v A`y¿Yn-°p-I-bmWv Ihn.

]mTm-h-X-cWw

Pohn-X-Øn-ep-S-\ofw Imhym-t\z-j-I-\mbn k©-cn-°p-Ibpw Ihn-X-sbbpw {]Ir-Xn-sbbpw D]m-kn®v Imhy-c-N\ \n¿h-ln-°p-Ibpw sNbvX ]n. Ip™n-cm-a≥\mbcpsS Pohn-Xm-\p- -h-ßƒ "Ifn-b-—≥ P\n-°p∂p' F∂ ]mT- m-K-Øn-eqsS Ipń-Iƒ a\- n-em-°n-bn-´p-≠v. B ]mT-`m-K-Øp-\n∂p {]Ir-Xn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´GXm\pw hmIy-ßƒ ¢mkn¬ {]Z¿in-∏n-°mw.

DZm : IXIp Xpd∂p. ]pXnb {]`mXw.

kz¿Ww hnf-bp∂ Ing-t°- Zn°v

sN¶Xn¿ sNmcn-bp∂ DZ-b-kq-cy-{]`.

\nfmIt√m-e-ßƒ B kph¿W-Im¥n tam¥n-°p-Sn-°p∂p.

hcn-Isf ASn-ÿm-\-am°n {Kq∏p-Xe N¿®\S-°-s´. N¿®-bnse {][m\ Bi-b-ßƒ s]mXp-hmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

ChnsS F¥n-s\-bmWv h¿Wn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv? Fs¥√mw khn-ti-j-X-I-fmWv hcn-I-fn-ep-≈Xv? XpS-ßnb tNmZy-ßƒ D∂-bn-°mw.

XpS¿∂v, {]IrXn F∂pw kmln-Xy-Im-c≥amsc {]tNm-Zn-∏n-®n-cp∂p. {]-I-rXn-bpsSkuμ-cymw-i-ßƒ kmln-Xy-kr-jvSn-bpsS wKn h¿[n-∏n-°p-∂p, kmln-Xy-apƒ∏sSGXv Iem-kr-jvSn-bp-sSbpw Bflmhv {]Ir-Xn-bn¬ ebn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. AXv tXSnIs≠-Øp-I-bmWv Iem-Im-cs‚ sh√p-hn-fn F∂p-ap≈ A[ym-]-Is‚ Bap-J-tØmsS Ihn-X-bpsS Ah-X-c-W-Øn-te°p IS-°mw.

kwL-ß-fmbn Ihn-Xm-`mKw hyXy-kvX-Xm-f-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°mw. s]mXp Ah-X-c-W-Øn-eqsS {]Ir-Xnbpw Ihn-Xbpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-sØ-°p-dn®v Ipń-Iƒ°vkmam\y [mc-W e`n-°p-a-t√m. XpS¿∂v N¿®-bn-eqsS Ihn-X-bn-ep≈ {]Ir-Xn-bpsSkm∂n[yw Ipń-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´.

t{ImUo-I-cWw

˛ B‰p-t\m-‰p-≠mb kqcy-\m-Ip∂ X¶-°p-am-cs\ s]m¬®m-dn¬ ap°nap°n ]pe-cn-bpsS aSn-Ø-ń¬ Xmtem-en-°p-∂p.

˛ k‘y-bm-Ip∂ s]Ïpń s]m¬ sNº-´p-SpØv Zo]-hp-ambn {]m¿Y-\-bvs°-Øp-∂-Xv.



˛ Pe-I-W-ß-fm-Ip∂ cXv\-ßƒ \nd® Im¿ta-L-ß-fp≈ BImiw.

˛ ag-hn-√ns‚ amWn-Iy-am-e.

˛ {]`m-X-Ønse ]£n-I-fpsS ]m´v, ]qt©m-e-bnse Hmf-ßƒ.

Bi-b-ßƒ t{ImUo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS {]Ir-Xn-bpsS kuμ-cy-amWv Ihn-X-bpsSapJy-{]-tabw F∂v Ipń-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn-b-s´.

]T\{]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

{]Ir-Xn-Zr-iy-ßƒ Bcp-sStbm km∂n-[ysØ Hm¿Ωs∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-≠-t√m. Bsc-bm-sW∂v IpńIƒ Is≠-Ø-s´.

B AΩ-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ Nne kqN\-Iƒ t_m¿Un¬ {]Z¿in-∏n-°mw.

{]IrXnZriyw AΩ-bpsS km∂n[ykqN\-Iƒ

{]`mXw AΩ-bpsS kvanX-Øqshmfn

k‘y ]qt©-e-bpsS kph¿W-`wKn

hn¨X´v ag-hn-√m-Ip∂ amWn-Iy-amebpwan∂-em-Ip∂ Ac-™m-Whpw

Ipbn-ep-I-fpsS ]m´v Xmcm-ńs‚ kwKoXw

]qt©m-e-I-fpsS Hmf-ßƒ arZp-I-c-tLmjw

sNº-\o¿∏q-hp-Iƒ ]mZ-]-fl-Øns‚ ]mSp-Iƒ

kuμ-cy-Øns‚ CØcw AS-bm-f-ß-fp≈ Cu AΩ Bcm-bn-cn-°mw? io¿j-I-Øns‚ IqSn klm-b-tØmsS Ipń-Iƒ Btem-Nn®p Is≠-Ø-s´. {]Ir-XnbpwIhn-X-bp-am-W-sX∂ t{ImUo-I-c-W-Øn-se-Øn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

ta¬kq-N\-IfpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Ip-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

Ah-X-c-W-Øn\v tijw hne-bn-cp-Øepw sa®-s∏-Sp-Øepw \S-Øp-at√m.

{]tbm-K-`wKn

˛ D-ss_Zv Fs¥√mw h¿Wn-®n-cn-°p-∂p?

$ k‘ysb s]Ïpń-bmbn I≠p.

$ ]›n-a-X-SmIw ˛ kap-{Z-Øn-en-dßn kv\m\w sNøp∂ k‘y-bm-Ip∂s]¨sIm-Sn.

$ kqcy≥ F∂ hnf°v Ahƒ ssIbn-te¥nbncn-°p-∂p.

$

k‘ym-h-μ-\-Øn\v \ΩpsS hoSpI-fn¬ hnf-°p-ambn hcp∂ s]Ïp-ńsb hnim-e-amb Xe-Øn¬ kqcy-kvX-a-b-ambn Ihn k¶¬∏n-®n-cn-°p∂p.

CtX-t]m-ep≈ a‰p Zriy-ßƒIqSn Ipń-Iƒ Is≠-Øn-∏-d-b-s´, Fgp-X-s´. A[ym-]n-I-bpsS klm-b-tØmsS anI® Ipdn-∏m-°-s´.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

182 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

Na¬°mc`wKn

IrXn-Iƒ hmbn-°p-tºmƒ klr-Z-b¿°p In´p∂ BÀm-Z-am-Wt√m Na¬°m-cw;hmb-\-°m¿°v B\μw \¬Ip∂ Ihn[¿Ωw. ]e-t∏mgpw Ae-¶m-c-ßƒsIm≠mWv Ihn-Iƒ Cu [¿Ωw \nd-th-‰p-∂-Xv. Dt±-iyImcy-Øn\pw AXns‚ KpW-Øn\pw IqSp-X¬ angnhpw lrZ-b-ß-fn¬ BgØn¬ ]Xn-°m-\p≈ tijnbpw CXp\¬Ip-∂p.

]mT-`m-KØp \¬Inb Dss_-Zns‚ hcn-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°mw. CXn-\mbn NnetNmZy-ßƒ sIm≠v N¿®bv°p XpS-°-an-Smw.

$ hm¿a-g-hn-√v, amWn-Iy-am-e, s]m≥an-∂¬°m©n F∂n-h-bpsS {]tXy-I-X-IƒFs¥-√m-amWv?

Ggp \nd-ßƒ

AXohkpμcw

A¿[hrØm-Imcw

\hcXv\-ß-fn¬ H∂mWv amWn-Iyw. at\m-l-chpw hne-]n-Sn-∏p-≈-Xpw. \nc-h[namWn-Iy-ßƒ tN¿∂ ame At∏mƒ F{X at\m-l-c-am-bn-cn°pw!

$ F¥mWv Im©n?

Ac-™mWw

s]m∂p-sIm-≠p≈ Ac-™mWw.

an∂ens\ Ihn s]m∂c-™m-W-ambn ImWp-∂p.

N¿®bv°p tijw,

hcn-Isf ka-{K-ambn hnh-cn-°mw.

$ BcpsS amWn-Iy-am-ebpw s]m∂-c-™m-W-hp-amWv Ihn Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv?

$ hm¿a-g-hn-√ns\ F¥mbn°mWp∂p?

$ an∂-ens\ F¥mbn k¶¬∏n-®n-cn-°p∂p?

$ Ihn-bpsS k¶-S-sa-¥mWv?

{]Ir-Xn-bp-sS, AΩ-bpsS an∂-em-Ip∂ Ac-™m-Whpw ag-hn-√m-Ip∂amWn-Iy-am-ebpw Ihn ImWp-∂p. F∂m¬ AX-Wn™ tZlw ImWp-∂n-√. hy‡nsb ImWm-sX, `wKn am{Xw ImWm-\m-hp-∂p. Cu \n -lm-bm-h-ÿ-bmWv Dss_Zv h¿Wn-°p-∂-Xv.

Ipam-c-\m-is‚ "Imhy-Ie' F∂ Ihn-X-bn¬

""]mgmIpw acp-hn-e-e-™p, \n¿Ωte\o hmgm-dp-≈-c-a-\-tX-Sn, hmSn RßƒtIgmXm ck-a-b-cm-Py-koa ]qIm-t\˛gman-{μnbw C\n-b≥t]m-tS-Ip-ItΩ''



Fs∂mcp {]m¿Y-\-bp-≠v. Bim\pw tXSp-∂Xv Ihn-X-bp-sSbpw {]Ir-Xn-bp-sSbpwt\cn-´p≈ ImgvN Xs∂.

Cßs\ N¿®-Ifpw sNdp-Ip-dn-∏p-Ifpw tN¿Øv Na¬°m-c-`w-Kn-sb-°p-dn®v Fgp-Xm-a-t√m.

BkzmZ\°pdn∏v

kzmZv F∂ hm°n¬\n-∂mWv Bkzm-Z\w F∂ ]Z-ap-≠mbXv. CXv Hc¿Y-Øn¬cpNnt\m°¬ Xs∂-bm-Wv. £W]Zm¿Y-ß-fpsS cpNn \mhp-sIm-≠-dn-bmw. ChnsSlrZbwsIm≠m-Wv Iem-kr-jvSn-I-fpsS kzmZ-dn-bp-∂Xv F∂p am{Xw. Iptd-°qSnBg-Ønepw ]c-∏n-epap≈ Is≠-Ø-ep-I-fmWv Bkzm-Z-\w. GXp krjvSnbpw c≠pXc-Øn¬ hmbn-°m-a-t√m. H∂v _mly-am-bXpw c≠m-a-tØXv B¥-cn-Im-i-b-ß-fn-te-°n-d-ßp-∂-Xp-am-Wv. hm°n-s‚bpw Bi-b-Øn-s‚bpw kuμcyw Is≠-Øp∂Cu at\m-hym-]m-c-Øn¬ klr-Z-bXzw \nd™p\n¬°pw. cN-bn-Xmhv \n¿Ωm-W-th-f-bnepw apºpw tijhpw A\p- -hn-®Xpw k©-cn-®-Xp-amb F√mw hmb-\-°mc\pwIn´ptºmgm-Wt√m Bkzm-Z\w ]q¿W-am-hp-I.

C°m-cy-ßƒ ]c-am-h[n Ipń-I-fn-se-Øn-°m-\mWv Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn∏v {ian-°p-∂Xv.CXp hnP-bn-°-W-sa-¶n¬ IrXy-amb Bkzm-Z\w A[ym-]-I-cn-ep-≠m-h-Ww.

Sn. D-ss_-Zns‚ "IhnXtbmSv' F∂ cN-\-bv°v Bkzm-Z\w Xbm-dm-°m-\mWv ChnsS\n¿tZ-in-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. sXm´p-apºp sNbvX aq∂p {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eqsS Ihn-X-bpsSB¥-c-˛-_m-ly-ku-μcyßƒ Ipń Gsd-°ptd Dƒs°m≠p ImWpw. AXn-\m¬Bkzm-Z\w Xmc-X-tay\ Ffp-∏-Øn¬ Xbm-dm-°-ma-t√m.

Chn-sSbpw Hcp N¿®-bm-hmw. CXn-\Iw aqt∂m \mtem XhW Ipń-Iƒ Cu Ihn-X-bn-eqsS k©-cn-®n-´p-≠m-hpw. AXn¬\n∂pƒs°m≠ Bi-b-ß-fn-te°pw wKn-I-fn-te°pw \ofp∂ N¿®-bm-h-s´.

$ Fs¥-√m-amWv Ihn-X-bn¬ h¿Wn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv?

$ Ihn-bpsS e£y-sa¥v?

$ at\m-l-c-Zr-iy-ßƒ krjvSn-°p∂ hcn-Iƒ?

$ Ihn-bpsS `mh-\-Iƒ Fs¥√mw?

$ Xnc-s™-SpØ ]Z-ß-fpsS kuμcyw.

$ {]Ir-Xnsb F{X-tØmfw Bhn-jvI-cn®p?

$ IhnX \sΩ Fs¥√mw Hm¿Ωs∏-Sp-Øp∂p?

$ Ihn-X-bpsS Xmf-`wKn.

$

Cßs\ H´-\-h[n Imcy-ßƒ Dƒs°m≠ Hcp Ihn-X-bm-Wn-Xv. bp‡-amb IqSp-X¬ tNmZy-ßfpw ]pXnb Is≠-Ø-ep-Ifpw \SØn sNdp-Ip-dn-∏p-Iƒ Xbm-dm-°mw.F√mw A\p-{Iaw tN¿Øv, JfinI ]men-®v, ip≤-`m-j-bn¬ Bkzm-Z\w FgpXnAh-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. t]mcm-bva-Iƒ N¿®-sNbvXv Ipdn∏v ]q¿Øn-bm-°-s´.

ebmfwF´mwXcw

184 tIcf-]m-Tm-hen

Ihn-X-tbmSv

"Ihn-X-tbmSv' F∂ Ihn-X-bpsS XpS¿∂p≈ hcn-IƒXq\n-em-∏q-hm-S-bp-a-Wn™p h∂o-Sp-t∂m˛cm \nio-Yn\nXs‚bºn-fn-°n-Sm-hns\Xmc-I-ap-√-∏q-°ƒ hnScpw ]qhm-Sn-bn¬hmcn-fw-ssI-]n-Sn®p \o ]n®-\-S-Øp-tºmƒ;ssXa-Wn-sØ-∂¬ h∂p ]n©nfw kky-ß-sf˛bma-μ-am-t«-jn®p aq¿≤\n apI-cp-tºmƒ;AΩsb hnfn-®oSpw hn¨sXm-gp-Ønse ao\˛°∂n∂p ape-\¬Im≥ Icn-¶m-d-W-bp-tºmƒF¥n-\o-hn[w sX‰n-sbm-fn®pw Ifn®pw \ok¥m-]-{l-Z-Øn-¶-en-h-s\-bm-gvØo-Sp∂q?

Aw_n-tI, \ns∂-tØ-Sn-Ø-f¿∂p lXm-i-\m˛bnΩ-∂n-etøm ! hoWp tIgp-sa≥ ap∂n¬h∂p

Xmh-I-I-Sm-£-Øn≥ "kwkamw*'Xo¿∞-Øn-¶˛eothf \ocm-Sn®p ama-I-{iaw Xo¿Øm¬`‡n-X≥ ]pjv]-ßfpw tamZm-{iq-IWw tIm¿ØcXv\-lm-chpw \ns‚ tNh-Sn-°¿∏n-°p-h≥hμ-\-a-tΩ, `‡-h¬k-te, I\n-hm¿∂ph∂m-ep-sa≥ap-∂n¬ ]mh-t\, Ihn-Xmwt_

kwkw -˛ a°-bnse ]pWy-Xo¿∞w

v skan-\m¿

Cu bqWn-‰n-eqsS t\Sn-sb-SpØ hnh-c-ßƒ ka-{K-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-\p≈ Hc-h-k-c-amWv skan-\m¿. tIc-f-Ønse D’-h-ßƒ, tIc-fobIe-Iƒ, Ah-bpsS{]tXy-I-X-Iƒ, {]Xn-`m-im-en-I-fmb Iem-Im-c¿, kaq-l-hp-ambn Ie-Iƒ°p≈_‘w, kmaq-ln-ssI-Iy-Øn¬ Ie hln-°p∂ ]¶v F∂n-ßs\ hnhn[ Xe-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´v kwL-ßƒ°v D]-hn-j-b-ßƒ \¬In skan-\m¿ \S-Ømw.ap≥Iqń \n›-bn-®v, Bh-iy-am-b{X kabw \¬In thWw skan-\m¿ \S-Øm≥.

skan-\m¿ Ah-X-c-W-Øns‚ hni-Zmw-i-ßƒ ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen (So®¿ sSIvÃv)bqWn-‰v c≠ns‚ (I-Æp-thWancp-]p-d-sa-s∏m-gpw) {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ sImSp-Øn- p≠v.



Dss_-Zn-s\-°p-dn®v

""XSn ad-bv°p-I, Xs∂ ad-bv°p-I, temIw ad-bv°p-I. kpJ-c-l-ky-an-Xm-Wv. Iem-Im-cs‚\nXym-\-μ-c-l-kyhpw AXm-Wv. Dss_Zv B \nXym-\-μ-Øns‚ \mSv tXSn \S∂p'' ˛]n. Ip™n-cm-a≥\mb¿

"" apJØv ]p©n-cnbpw efn-X-th-jhpw hn\-b-`m-hhpw Dss_Zv km-ln-_ns‚ Pohn-X-ap-{Z-I-fmbn ImWm-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]cn-N-b-an-√m-Ø-h¿°v Dss_Zv kmln-_ns\ I≠m¬ Hcp ]g-©-\m-sWt∂ tXm∂q. F∂m¬ B Xe ]ptcm-K-a-\m-i-b-ß-fpsS Hcp tX\o-®-°q-Sm-bn-cp-∂p.'' ˛ Fkv.sI. s]ms‰-°m´v

""At±lw ae-bmfw, I∂U F∂o `mj-Isf IqSp-X¬ ASp-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v ]cn-{i-an-®p.KWy-amb hnPbw ssIh-cn-®p. At±-l-Øns‚ Zzn`m-jm-⁄m-\hpw kmln-Xy-a¿Ω-⁄-Xbpw aßmØ D¬km-lhpw k¿thm-]cn hn\-b-io-ehpw Fs∂ AXy-[nIw BI¿jn-®n-cp-∂p'' ˛ sI.-Fw. -tPm¿Pv

Dss_-Zn-s\-°p-dn®v A[n-I-hn-h-c-ßƒ

Dss_-Zns‚ sXc-s™-SpØ Ihn-X-Iƒ ˛ F≥.-_n.-Fkv

Dss_Zv kvamcI {KŸw ˛ Imk¿tImSv kmln-Xy-thZn

klm-b-I-Ir-Xn-Iƒ

tIcf-Ønse {]mNo-\-I-e-Iƒ ˛ s{]m^. Aº-e-∏pg cma-h¿Ω,F≥._n.-F-kv.

tIc-fob hmZy-Ie ˛ R-c-fØv lcn-tKm-hn-μ≥,tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v

Ip™n-cm-a≥\m-b¿°-hnX ˛ taeØv N{μ-ti-J-c≥,tIc-f -km-lnXy A°m-Zan

ebmfwF´mwXcw

186 ASn-ÿm\-]m-Tm-hen

""F√mw \in-®p-t]m-bn-ń√, t]mIn√h√Xpw tijn-°p-sa∂v hnNm-cns°,Fs¥-¥n-sX≥ Ic-fn-em-\-μhpwangn-bn¬ hnizm-khpw, ]pXnb`mhn-bpsS sXfn-hm¿∂ ssPh-{]-`m-h-hpw!''

(Ccp-ń¬ s]mXn™ Xncn-\mfw -˛ --]p\-eq¿ _me≥ )

{]Xymi Ds≠-¶n¬ Pohn-X-Øn¬ B\-μhpw `mhn-sb-∏‰n sXfn-hm¿∂ Nn¥bpw D≠mIpw. CXp-X-s∂-bmWv ]p\-eq¿ _me≥"Ccp-ń¬ s]mXn™ Xncn-\mfw' F∂ Ihn-X-bn¬ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Iuam-c-°m-cmb Ipń-Iƒ \nc-h[n {]iv\-ßƒ t\cn-Sp-∂-h-cm-Wv. Iuam-csØ sRcp-°-Øn-s‚bpw ]ncn-ap-dp-°-Øn-s‚bpw ImewF∂pw t£m -Øn-s‚bpw kv]¿[-bp-sSbpw Ime-sa∂pw hnti-jn-∏n-°m-dp≠v. C∂v Cu Ah-ÿbv°v ]pXnb am\-ß-fm-Wp-≈Xv.Ipń-I-fn¬ {]Xymi hf¿ØpI F∂-Xvv A[ym-]-I-cpsS {][m\I¿Ø-hyamWv. AXn-\p-X-Ip∂ cN-\-I-fmWv Cu bqWn-‰n¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

aqey-ßƒ kq£n-°p-∂-h¿°v Pohn-X-Øn¬ hf¿®-bp-≠mIpwF∂-XmWv {]th-i-I-Ønse Bi-bw. hnP-b-e-£van-bpsS "]pXp-h¿jw' F∂ IhnX Pohn-X-Øn-ep-S-\ofw AΩ \¬Ip∂ km¥z-\hpw {]Xym-ibpw AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. {]Xn-_-‘-ß-fp-≠m-bn´pwIrjn-bn-ep≈ hnizm-khpw {]Xo-£-bp-amWv s]m≥Ip∂w h¿°n-bpsS "B hmg-sh´v' F∂ IY-bnse {][m\ IYm-]m-{X-amba¿t°m-kns\ apt∂m´p \bn-°p-∂-Xv. {]Xymi \ne-\n¬°-W-sa-¶n¬ PohnXw aqeym-[n-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂ Bi-b-amWv "FÆ\nd® Ic-≠n'-bnse {]ta-bw. F√mw \in-®p-t]m-bn-ń-√, t]mIn√F∂ Bibw Xs∂-bmWv "]ns∂bpw ]q°pao Nn√-Iƒ' F∂

]ns∂bpw ]q°pao Nn√-Iƒ5.1

B ap Jw


]ns∂bpw ]q°pao Nn√-Iƒ 187

Xe-s°´v kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. {]Ir-Xnsb \nco-£n-°p∂ a\p-jy\v{]Xym-i-bpsS ]mT-ßƒ Dƒs°m-≈m≥ Ign-bp-sa∂v ChnsS hy‡-am-Ip-∂p. "lcnXw' F∂ Ihn-Xbpw kam-\m-ibw ]¶p-hbv-°p-∂p.(2006 ¬ \ne-hn¬ h∂ Bdmw Xc-Ønse ]mT-]p-kv-XI-Øn¬ CuIhnX Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v).

""Hcp Rc-ºn-s∏mgpw ]®-bm-bp-s≠-s∂m˛cne- Xs‚ Nn√-tbm-tSmXnCe-sbm∂p sImgn-bmsXbns∏mgpw _m°n-bp-s≠˛s∂mcp Nn√ Im‰n-t\m-tSmXn

Hcp Nn√ Im‰n¬ Ipep-ßmsX \n¬∏p-s≠˛s∂mcp acw ]£n-tbm-tSmXnHcp acw sh´msXsbmcp tImWn¬ Im-Wp-sa˛s∂mcp ImSv `qan-tbm-tSmXn

Hcp ImSv `qan-bn¬ _m°n-bp-s≠-s∂mcpae kz¥w kqcy-t\m-tSmXnHcp kqcy-\n-\nbpw sISm-sX-bp-s≠∂p Rm≥]S-cp∂ cm{Xn-tbm-tSmXn''

(k-®n-Zm-\-μ≥)

H.F≥.hn. Ipdp-∏ns‚ "Zn\m¥w' F∂ Ihn-Xm-k-am-lm-c-Ønse Ccp-]-Øn-b©masØ Ihn-Xbpw {]Xymi ]¶p-h-bv°p-∂p:

hmgvhns‚ ]pkvX-I-am-sI-∏-I¿Øp-hm˛\mhn-s√-\n-°n-X-]q¿W-ambv \n¿Øp-∂p.

GXo-c-Sn-sNm-√n-\n¿Ø-W-sa-∂-dn˛bmsX Rms\-¥nt\m ImtXm¿Øp \n¬°-th,

\n»-_vZ-cm-°-s∏-Sp∂ a\p-jy¿X≥i_vZ-ß-sf-ßp-\n-s∂m-s°tbm tIƒ°p-∂p:

""\Ωƒ Pbn-°pw, Pbn-°p-sam-cp-Zn\w!\Ω-sfm-‰-bv°√! \Ω-fmWo `qan!....''

hnP-b-e£vanbpsS IhnX, s]m≥Ip∂w h¿°n-bpsS sNdp-I-Y,]utem sImbvtem-bpsS "B¬s°anÃv' F∂ {]kn≤ t\mh-ens‚Hcp mKw F∂n-ßs\ hyXy-kvX-amb kmln-Xy-cq-]-ß-fn-eq-sS-bp≈`mjm-\p-`hw Cu bqWn-‰n-eqsS Ipń-Iƒ°v e`n-°p∂p-≠v. ]T-\-{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS `mK-ambn {]Xymi {]ta-b-ambn hcp∂ Sn.- ]-fl-\m-`s‚ "{]Imiw ]c-Øp∂ Hcp s]Ïpń' t]mep≈ cN-\-Ifpw{]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Hm¿Ω-°p-dn-∏v, IY-b-c-ßv, D]-\ymkwF∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eqsS kz¥-amb mjm-ssien cq]-s∏-SpØnsbSp-°m≥ DX-Ipw-hn-[-Øn-emWv ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒBkq-{XWw sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xv.

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ebmfwF´mwXcw


{]th-iI {]h¿Ø\w

]n.sI. ]md-°-S-hns‚ "thcpw Xfncpw'

F∂ IY-bmWv {]th-i-Iw. IY N¿®

sNøp-Ibpw e`n-°p∂ Bi-b-ßƒ

Hmtcm kwLhpw ¢mkn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-

°p-Ibpw thWw. N¿®m-kq-N-\I-fn-te°v

FØ-Ø-°-hn-[-Øn¬ Nne tNmZy-ßƒ

\¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

Xmsg ]d-bp-∂hsIm≠v Fs¥√mamWv

A¿Y-am-°p-∂Xv?

• Hcp ]nSn-aÆv

• Hcp Iodv BImiw.

• BIm-i-Øn¬ thcv

]S¿ØpI

• `qan-bn¬ Xfn¿°pI.

aqey-t_m-[-ap-≈-h¿°v Pohn-X-Øn¬ Db¿®bp≠m-Ip-sa-∂mWv IY kqNn-∏n-

°p-∂-Xv. ]pXnb ImeØv a\p-jy\v thcp-Iƒ \jvS-s∏-Sp-∂p. {]Ir-Xn-bpw a\p-jy-

\pw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w Ipd-bp-∂p. Hmtcm a\p-jy-s‚bpw D≈n¬ Ipd-®p-IqSn hnim-

e-Xbpw kl-\hpw klm-\p- q-Xnbpw D≠m-Ip-tºmƒ Pohn-X-ho-£Ww Xs∂ amdp-

∂p. At∏mƒ Ah-≥ H-∏-ap-≈-h¿°pw {]m[m\yw I¬∏n-°pw; IqSp-X¬ al-Ømb

Hcp temIw kz]v\w ImWpw. At∏m-gmWv PohnXw qan-bn¬ Xfn¿°p-Ibpw BIm-

i-Øn¬ thcp ]S-¿Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xv. qanbpw BIm-ihpw a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚

c≠‰-ßsf {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp-∂p. `qan-bn¬ Xfn¿°p-I, BIm-i-Øn¬ thcp

]S-cpI F∂o {]tbm-K-ßƒ [z\ym-fl-I-amWv.

]n.sI ]md-°-Shv

t]cv : Al-Ω-Zv. hS-IcXmeq-°n¬ ]md-°-S-hn¬P\-\w. tIcf kmlnXyA°m-Zan AwKhpw kakvX tIcf kmlnXy ]cn-jXv \n¿hm-lI kanXnAwK-hp-am-Wv. au\-Øns‚ \ne-hn-f-n, tXmWn,Ahƒ s]øp-∂p, kvt\lw Imbv°p∂ acw,ln‰ve¿ kky- p-°m-Wv, ]n.sI. ]md-°-S-hns‚IY-Iƒ F∂nh {][m\ IrXn-Iƒ. Fkv.sI.s]ms‰-°m v Ahm¿Uv, s^m°m\m Ahm¿Uv,Fkv.-_n.Sn. Ahm¿Uv, A_p-Z_n AcßvAhm¿Uv XpS-ßnb ]pc-kvIm-c-ßƒ e n-®n- p-≠v.Ct∏mƒ "am[yaw' BgvN-∏-Xn-∏n¬.

]pXp-h¿jw

hnZym-ebPohn-X-Ønse Hcp khn-tijL´sØbpw ]pXnb A[y-b-\-h¿j-

sØbpw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-I-bmWv Ipń-Iƒ. AXn-\m¬ hnP-b-e-£van-bpsS "]pXp-

h¿jw' F∂ IhnX t]cp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Gsd {]k-‡-am-Ip∂p. Ipń-bpsS hf¿®-

bpsS L -Øn¬ Cu Ihn-X-bnse Nn¥-Iƒ°v {]m[m-\y-ap≠v. Iuamc -L- Øn¬

Ipń a\- n-em-t°≠ ]e Imcy-ßfpw Ihn-X-bn¬ Dƒt®¿∂n-´p-≠v. amXr-kvt\-

lw, kwkvImcw, {]Ir-Xn, kmaq-lnIt_m[w F∂n-h-sb√mw Ihn-Xbv°p ]pXnb

am\-ßƒ \¬Ip-∂p.

_meyw, Iuam-cw, buh\w F∂o L´-ßƒ Ihn-X-bn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v.

AΩ ]d-™-Xn-\-∏pdw as‰m-∂p-an-√m-Ø-XmWv _meyw. "Btcm-Sp-an√m hg-s°∂p

]p©n-cn-®m-tcmSpw IqSn' \S-°p∂ Imew IqSn-bm-W-Xv. F∂m¬ Iuamcw BtcmSpw



Bi-b-hy-‡X,Ihn-X-bpsS, `mhw,

]¶m-fnØw,A£-c-ip≤n,

Xmfw.

{]h¿Ø\ hni-I-e\w

CuWw Is≠Ømw

Ihn-X-bpsS CuWw Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn-eqsS Ipń-Iƒ IhnX Bkz-Zn-°-s´. CuWw

Is≠Øn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ a‰p-≈-h¿ hne-bn-cp-Ø-s´. sF.Sn. km[y-X-Iƒ

D]-tbm-Kn®v A[ym-]nIbv°v {]h¿Ø\w IqSp-X¬ sa®-s∏-Sp-Øm-w.

sNdp-t»-cn-bpsS IrjvW-Km-Y-bnse hrØw aRvP-cn-bmWv.

GgmwXc-Øn¬ "thWp-Km-\'-sa∂ IrjvW-

KmYm`mKw Ipń-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-ń-´p≠v:

""cmK-ß-tfm-tcmt∂ tKmIp-e-\m-b-I≥

tafw Ie¿∂ßp ]mSp-t∂cw''

Imew DW¿Øp∂ kvac-W-Iƒ

IhnX hni-I-e\w sNøm\mbn Hmtcm kwL-Øn\pw Ht∂m ct≠m tNmZy-ßƒ

\¬Imw. Ipń-Iƒ DØcw Is≠Øn s]mXp-hmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´. A[ym-]n-I

t{ImUo-I-cn-°p-∂p.

_meyw Fß-s\-sbm-s°-bm-sW-∂mWv Ihn kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv?

- ♦ AΩ ]d-™-Xn-\-∏pdw as‰m-∂p-an-√m-Xn-cp∂ Ime-am-bn-cp-∂p.

♦ HmW-°m-eØv ]m´p-]mSn ]q\p-≈n-t∏m-bn-cp∂p.

♦ tImhn-en¬ ssIIq-∏n-bm¬ Icn-hf Im∏m-Ip-sa∂v AΩ Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øn-

bn-cp∂p.

tNcm-\m-ImsX, sshZypXn t]mse B]-Ømbn amdp-∂p. Pohn-Xm-\-μ-ßƒ F{X

Inń-bmepw t]msc∂v B¿°p∂ Ime-amWv buh-\w.

tIc-f-Øns‚ kaq-l-hy-h-ÿ-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ Nn{X-ßfpw Ihn-X-bn-ep-≠v. aÆpw

Pohn-Xhpw \jvS-s∏-´-h-cmWv Np‰n-epw. CXn-\n-S-bn¬ HmWhpw ]q°fpw \jvS-s∏-

Sp-∂p. ^vfm‰nse PohnXw a\p-jys\ {]Ir-Xn-bn¬\n∂v AI-‰p-∂p. F∂m¬

XmgsØ CØncn aÆn¬ Xpºsb ImWp-tºmƒ AΩ \¬Inb kvt\l-km-¥z-

\hpw IcpØpw Ihn-X-bn¬ {]Xym-i-bmbn amdp-∂p. F√m-‰n\pw aosX AΩ kvt\l-

ambn Pzen-°p-I-bm-Wv. B kvt\l-÷zme Pohn-X-Ønse F√mXcw Iqcn-cp- n-s\bpw

AI-‰p-∂p.

]mT- m-K-tØm-sSm∏ap≈ Nn{Xw IhnXmN¿®bv°v ]pXnb shfn®w \¬Ipw. Ime-

Sn-Iƒ, Xpº, thcp-Iƒ, ]›m-Ø-e-ambn AΩ F∂n-h-sb√mw N¿®bv°v hnt[-b-

am-°-Ww. Nn{X-hm-b-\-bpsS Hcp {]h¿Ø\wIqSn A[ym-]n-I \¬Ipat√m.

-

ebmfwF´mwXcw


♦ ]pkvX-I- -©n-bn¬ sIm®p-s\-√n-°bpw ]®-∏p-fnbpw Hfn-∏n-®p-h-®n-cp∂p.♦ BtcmSpw hg-°p-Iq-SmsX F√m-h-scbpw kvt\ln®v ]p©n-cn-tbmsS \S∂

Imew.

♦ AΩ-tbm-sSm-∏-amWv ]q°fw Xo¿Øn-cp-∂Xv.

"sshZypXnhoNn-t]m-em-]Øv' F∂v Iuam-csØ hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂Xv F¥p-sIm-≠mhmw?

♦ Iuam-c-Øn¬ Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v BIp-e-Nn-¥-Iƒ Ip¥-ß-fmbn Db¿∂n-cp∂p.

♦ XocmØ ]Ibpw Xnf-bv°p∂ kvt\lhpw a\- n¬ Xobns´-cn-®n-cp∂p.♦ BtcmSpw tNcm-\m-ImØ Ime-am-WXv.♦ thKw, A]-ISw F∂nhsb√mw sshZyp-X-ho-Nn-bpsS {]tXy-I-X-I-fmWv.♦ s]s´∂v {]Xn-I-cn-°p∂ kz`m-hw.

"I¿°S-I-°m‰pw agbpw sImSn Npcp°n' F∂ {]tbmKw sIm≠v A¿Y-am-°p-∂-sX-¥mWv?

♦ ^vfm‰nse CØn-cn-h-´-Øn-emWv Im‰pw agbpw ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂Xv.♦ I¿°-SIw amdn Nnßw hcp∂ Ime-∏-I¿®-bpsS kqN\.♦ \K-c-h¬°-cWw {]Ir-Xn°v ta¬ D≠m-°p∂ £Xw.♦ HmWhpw ]q°fpw ad°p∂-Xn-eqsS tIcfkwkvIm-c-Øns‚ sImSn-bmWv

Npcp-ßp-∂Xv.

"F¥n\v ]q°fw'? Cu tNmZy-Øns‚ {]k-‡n-sb¥v?

♦ Hmtcm L´-Ønepw AΩ kvt\l-ambn Pzen-°p∂p.♦ GXv ]q°-f-tØ-°mfpw kuμcyw AΩ-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ Zo]vX-amb kvac-

W-Iƒ°p-≠v.♦ PohnXw sFiz-cy-ap-≈-Xmbn amdp∂p.

IhnZpxJw

""HmWhpw ]qhpw..... t\m°n-\n¬∏q'' F∂ -h-cn-I-fpsS kmwKXyw hni-I-e\w sNøp-∂-Xn-\p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-am-Wn-Xv. a‰p hcn-IƒIqSn ]cn-K-Wn-°-Ww. Xmsg \¬InbBi-b-ßƒ Ipdn-∏p-I-fmbn Hmtcm kwL-Ønepw \¬In kam-\m-i-b-ap≈ hcn-Iƒ Is≠-Øm≥ A[ym-]nI ]dbp∂p.

\njvI-f-¶-amb _mey-Øns‚ C∂-se-I-fn¬ \n∂p thZ-\n-∏n-°p∂ Nn¥-I-fpsS Ip¥-ßƒ IpØn-Øp-f-bv°p∂ inc v. HSp-ßmØ ]Ibpw s]m≈p∂kvt\lhpw sIm≠p Xo∏n-Sn® a\ v.

F√m-h-tcmSpw Iq´p-Iq-Sn-bn-cp∂ _mey-Øn¬ \n∂p amdn BtcmSpw tNcm-\m-ImsX sshZypX°ºn t]mse, h¿Ø-am-\-Im-ehpw a\p-jycpw A]-I-S-Im-cn-I-fm-bn-cn-°p∂p.

Pohn-X-Øns‚ kt¥m-j-ßƒ a[p-chpw Ipkr-Xnbpw sIm≠v F{X ckn-∏n-®mepw c‡-amw-kßƒ B¿Øn-tbmsS t]mcm t]mcm F∂v D®-Øn-em¿°p∂Imew. C{Xbpw sI´-Im-eØv kmtlm-Z-cy-Øns‚ {]Xo-I-amb HmWhpw



kpK‘w s]mgn-°p∂ ]q°fpw tIc-f-k-aqlw ad-°p-∂-Xmbn Ihn°v tXm∂p-∂p. CXp- Im-Wp-tºm-gmWv kpa-\- p-I-fn¬ ZpxJw \nd-bp-∂-Xv.

CØncn aÆp-t]m-epan√mØ-h¿°v, sIm®p-ho-Sns‚ IqSp-am-{X-ap-≈-h¿°v Fß-s\-bmWv ]qhp-≠m-hp-I? vfm‰nse CØncn NXp-c-Øn¬ IpSp-ßn-t∏mb I¿°-S-I-°m-‰n\pw agbv°pw ]ndsI Fß-s\-bmWv Nnß-ap-Zn-°pI?

Iuam-c-Im-eØv DZn-®p-b-cp∂ BZ¿i-t_m[w.

Ime-∏-I¿® kwkvIm-c-∏-I¿® IqSn-bm-Ip-∂p.

Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm°mw

""Pohn-X-Øn-ep-S-\ofw AΩ Hcp {]Xym-i-bmbn amdp∂p.'' Cu {]kvXm-h\ap≥\n¿Øn IhnX ]cn-tim-[n®v hcn-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´. kwL-ß-fmbn hcn-Iƒhni-I-e\w sNbvXv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´. s]mXp-N¿®-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ sa®-s∏-SpØn Fgp-Xmw.

""AΩ ]d-™-Xn-\-∏pdw as‰m-∂p˛an√m-Xn-cp-s∂m-cm-t∏mb Imew''

""ap‰-Øn-ss\-izcyw Nm¿Øp-a-∏q-°-tfm˛sSm∏sa-∂-Ωbpw Xpº t]mse''

""F¥n∂p ]q°fw? F¥nepw aosX-bm˛WΩpJw kvt\l-am-bp-÷z-ens°''

Ipń-°m-esØ Hm¿Ω-I-fn-se√mw AΩ \nd-km-∂n-[y-am-Wv. ]q°-f-Ønse Xpº-∏q-hn-t\mSvAΩsb D]-an-°p-∂p. Iuam-c-Ønepw buh-\-Ønepw as‰m-c-h-ÿ-bm-Wv. Imew Ign-™-t∏mƒ F√m-‰n\pw aosX-bmbn AΩ kvt\l-am-bp-÷z-en-°p-∂p. hcpw-Im-eØv AΩ Pohn-X-Ønse Iqcn-cpƒ\o°n {]Xymi \¬Ip-sa∂vIhn-°p-d-∏p-≠v.

Imhy-`wKn Is≠Ømw

Imhy-`w-Kn-bmkz-Zn-°p-∂-Xn\pw hni-I-e\wsNøp-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ {]h¿Ø-\-am-Wn-Xv. aq∂vL´-ß-fp≈ {]h¿Ø-\w. BZy-L-´-Øn¬Ipń-Iƒ sNdnb {Kq∏p-I-fmbn Imhy-`w-KnIs≠-Ø-s´. ASpØ L´-Øn¬ Hmtcm{Kq∏pw Is≠-Ønb Imcyßƒ FgpXn Xbm-dm°n Ah-X-cn-∏n-°s´. aq∂m-asØ L -Øn¬Ipń-Ifpw A[ym-]-I\pw tN¿∂v hne-bn-cp-Øp-Ibpw sa®-s∏-SpØn Fgp-Xp-Ibpw thWw.F√m Ipń-Isfbpw kz¥w cN\ sa®-s∏Sp-Øm≥ tijn-bp-≈-h-cm-°p∂p F∂-XmWv CuL´-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X.

]pfico-Is‚amXrkvt\lw

alm-tZh`‡-\mb ]pfi-co-Is‚amXr-kvt\-l- IY C¥y-bn¬ apgp-h≥ {]kn≤n t\Sn-b-XmWv. Iptd-\m-fmbn ssZh-Øn\v ]pfico-Is‚km∂n[yw A\p`h-s∏-ń-√. AXp-sIm≠v ssZhw Abm-sf-tØSn hoń-se-Øn. Abmƒ At∏mƒ, hb- mbAΩ-bpsS Imep-Iƒ XncpΩpI-bm-bn-cp∂p. ssZhw h∂-X-dn™n´pwAbmƒ amXr-tk-h-bn¬ \n∂p hnc-an -®n -√. Fs¥-∂m¬ Cuiz-cs\Xs∂ Xs‚ AΩ-bpsS cq]-Øn¬Abmƒ tkhn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp -∂p."Cuiz-c≥ CXm ap∂n¬' F∂vXp°mdmw ]d-™p. ]t£, ]pfi-co-I≥ A\-ßn-bn-√. Xm\n-t∏mƒtkhn®psIm≠n-cn-°p∂ Cuiz-c\vth≠n, AΩ-bv°p-th≠n, Xs‚tkh\w apgp -an -°pw-hsc Xs∂ImØn-cn-°m-\mbn Abmƒ At]-£n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

thcp-Ifpw Nnd-Ip-Ifpw ˛

]n.-F≥. -Zmkv ({Ko≥ _pIvkv)

amXr-]mTw F∂ `mK-Øn¬ \n∂v˛t]Pv 186

ebmfwF´mwXcw


AΩ ˛ a°ƒ _‘sØ kqNn-∏n-°p∂p.

ss\¿Ωeyw, shä, emfnXyw F∂o KpW-ßfp-≈-Xm-Wv Xpº∏q.

kvt\lhpw km¥z-\hpw \nd®v ]p©n-cn-tbmsS AΩ IS-∂p-h-cp-∂p (]q-°-f-ØnseXpº∏q t]mse-bmWv AΩ ˛ D]-a). ]q°fØn\v D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ ]q°-fn¬G‰hpw t{ijvTw Xpº-bm-Wv. HmW-sa∂ atlm¬k-h-Øn-s‚bpw BÀm-Z-Øn-s‚bpw {]XoIw IqSn-bmWXv. AΩ Pohn-X-Øn-s‚bpw kvt\l-Øn-s‚bpw {]Xo-I-am-Wv. HmW-∏q-°-fn¬ Xpº t{ijvT-am-Ip-∂-Xp-t]mse G‰hpw DZm-Ø-amb

kvt\l-amWv AΩ-bp-tS-Xv.

Hm¿Ω-°p-dn∏v

Ipń-I-fpsS k¿Km-fl-IX DW¿Øm\p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-am-Wn-Xv. AXn-\p-X-Ipw-hn[w{]h¿Ø\w Bkq-{XWw sNø-Ww. Ihn-bpsS Ipń-°m-e-sØ-°p-dn®v Hm¿Ωn-°p∂coXn-bn-ep≈ BJym-\-amWv "]pXp-h¿j'-Øns‚ {]tXy-I-X.

AØ-c-Øn¬ hnZym-e-bw, IpSpw-_w, bm{X, kulr-Zw, ]cn-ÿnXn F∂n-h-bp-amtbm at‰-sX-¶n-ep-amtbm _‘-s∏´ Hm¿Ω Ipń-Iƒ hy‡n-K-X-ambnIpdn°s´.

Xncs™Sp-Øh ¢mkn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°mw.

s]mXpN¿®-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ F√m-h¿°pwsa®-s∏-SpØn Fgp-Xm≥ Ah-k-c-ap-≠m-I-Ww.

Hm¿Ω-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ Hcp ]Xn-∏mbn {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

AXn-\mbn ]{Xm-[n-]-k-anXn cq]o-I-cn-°mw.

{]Im-i-\-®-Sßv Ipń-I-fpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ \S-°-s´.

Hm¿Ω-°p-dn∏vA\p-`-h-Xo-{hX,sshIm-cn-Imwiw,Ah-X-c-W-coXn,DNn-X-amb `mj.

FUn-‰nMv

\nc-¥-c-amb sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø-en-eqsS cN\ DZm-Ø-am-°p∂ {]{In-b-bmWvFUn-‰nMv. cN\ ]e L -ß-fn-embn hmbn-°p-Ibpw hne-bn-cp-Øp-IbpwDNn-X-amb am‰-ßƒ hcp-Øp-Ibpw thWw.

Bi-b-]-c-amb FUn-‰nMv

cN-\-bpsS Bi-b-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ]ng-hp-Iƒ ]cn-l-cn-°p-I-bmWvChn-sS. Hcp {]tXyI Bi-b-sØ-°p-dn®v Fgp-Xp-tºmƒ AXns‚ taJ-e-bn¬ \n∂v ]pd-Øp-I-S-°-cp-Xv.

hyh-lm-c-cq]w kw_-‘n® FUn-‰nMv

Hcp hyh-lm-c-cq-]-Øn¬ \n∂p-amdn as‰m-∂n-te°v amdn-t∏m-I-cp-Xv.A\p`h-°p-dn∏v Fgp-Xp∂ Ipń {]kw-K-cq-]-Øn¬ \oßp-∂-XmbnA\p -h-s∏-Smw.

hmIy-L-S-\m-]-c-amb FUn-‰nMv

A[n-I-hm-°p-I-fpsS D]-tbmKw, hm°p-Iƒ hn´pt]m-Ip∂ Ah-ÿ,hm°p-I-fpsS {Ia-an -√mbva, DNn-X-a-√mØ Nn”-ßƒ F∂nh{i≤n°Ww.



{]Xym-i-bpsS ]pXp-h¿jw

t]mb Ime-Øns‚ Hm¿ΩI-fn-emWv IhnX Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xv. ]pXn-b-Im-e-Øns‚t\mhp-Ifpw sI´ ImgvN-Ifpw CXn-\p-tate \nd-bp-∂p. At∏mgpw {]Xym-i-bpsSXncn-\mfw sI´p-t]m-ImsX ImØpkq-£n°m≥ {ian-°p-I-bm-Wv Ih-bn{Xn .

AΩ ]d-™-Xn-\-∏pdw as‰m-∂p-an-√m-Xn-cp∂ Hcp Ipń-°m-e-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Krlm-Xp-c-kva-c-W-I-fn-emWv IhnX XpS-ßp-∂-Xv. BtcmSpw hg-°n-√m-sX, F√m-h-tcmSpwIq´p-Iq-Snb \njvI-f¶ _mey-Øns‚ \mfp-I-fm-bn-cp∂p AXv. sXmSn-tXmdpw ]qhptXSn-\-S∂, ]pkvX-I- -©n-bn¬ sIm®p-s\-√n-°bpw ]®-∏p-fnbpw AS-ßp∂IuXp-I-ßƒ Hfn-∏n® B \mfp-I-fn¬ hgnbpw hnf-°p-ambn AΩ-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂p.tZhnsb Iq∏n-bm¬ ssIbnse Icn-hf Im∏mbn amdp-sa∂ {]Xym-i-bm-bn-cp∂pAΩ Ft∏mgpw Ip™p-a-I-fn¬ \nd-®-Xv. Ip™p-a-Iƒs°m∏w ]q°-f-sam-cp-°m-\n-cp∂ AΩbv°v Xpº-∏q-hns‚ ss\¿Ω-eyhpw sFiz-cyhpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

C∂v Imew B]-Øp-I-fp-tS-XmWv; BIp-e-X-I-fp-tS-Xm-Wv. BtcmSpw tNcm-\m-ImsX shdp∏pw ]I-bp-amWv a\p-jy-a-\- p-I-fn¬ \nd-bp-∂-Xv. Pohn-Xm-\-μ-ßƒF{X-bp-≠m-bmepw c‡-amw-k-ßƒ°v Bk‡n Ipd-bp∂n√. HmWhpw ]q°fpwad-∂p-t]mb ae-bmf\mSv Ih-bn-{Xn-bn¬ krjvSn-°p∂ t\mhp-Iƒ sNdp-X-√.CØncn aÆn-√m-Ø-h¿°v, IqSp-t]mse sIm®pho-Sp-Iƒ am{X-ap-≈-h¿°v sXmSnbpw]q°fpw Fß-s\-bp-≠m-Im-\mWv?

^vfm‰ns‚ CØn-c-h-´-Øn-emWv I¿°-S-I-a-gbpw Im‰pw ImWm-\m-Ip-∂-Xv. Xmsg-bp≈ ]d-ºn¬ Ct∏mgpw hn\o-X-bmbn Xpº-s®Sn \n¬°p-∂p-≠v. Xpº thZ-\n-∏n-°mØ AΩ-sb-bmWv Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. F√m ]q°ƒ°pw wKn-Iƒ°pw aosX-bmWv aIƒ°v AΩ-bpsS kvt\lw \nd™ apJ-{io.

hcp∂ HmW-∏p-e-cn-bn¬ h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-Øns‚ Iqcn-cpƒ hI-™p-am‰n AΩhoń-\p-≈n¬ h∂p-Zn-°p-sa∂v Ih-bn{Xn {]Xym-in-°p-∂p. hcm-\n-cn-°p∂ ]pXp-h¿jw he-Xp-Im¬ h®v A£-b-{io-bmbn hcm≥ Ah¿ Bin-°p-∂p.

{]Xymi a\p-jy-Po-hn-XsØ apt∂m´p \bn-°p∂ i‡n-bm-Wv. B {]Xym-i-bmWv

""F\n°p ckao \navt\m-∂-Xamw hgn°p tXcp-cpƒ ]mbn-°¬;CtXXncpƒ°pgntaep-cp-fs´ hnSn√ Rm\o civan-Isf''

(Aºm-Sn-bn-te°v ho≠pw)F∂v CS-t»-cn-sb-s°m≠v ]mSn-®-Xv.

C\nbpw \ap°o Pohn-X-Øn¬ \≥a-bpsSbpw kvt\l-Øn-s‚bpw shfn-®-hp-ambnhcm≥ Bfps≠∂ {]Xym-i-bmWv Cu Ihn-X-bpsS A\p- -h-a-fi-ew. B {]Xym-i-bmWv Pohn-XsØ {]k-∂-X-tbmsS apt∂m´p \bn-°m≥ \sΩ t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. ChnsS hcm-\p-≈-bmƒ AΩ-bm-Wv. kvt\lhpw ]p©n-cnbpw Icp-Xepw \nd®vapJ-{io-tbmsS IS-∂p-h-cp∂ AΩ-bn-emWv Pohn-X-Øns‚ kpμ-c- m-hsØ apgph≥Ih-n \nd-®p-hbv-°p-∂-Xv. B AΩ-bpsS DZn-®p-b-c¬ ]pXp-h¿jsØ {]km-Z-]q¿Whpw sFiz-cy-k-ar-≤-hp-am-°pIXs∂ sNøp-sa∂v hniz-kn-°p∂ Ih-bn{XnPohn-X-Øns‚ ]mgm-Im-i-ß-fn¬ {]XymisIm≠v hk-¥-ßƒ krjvSn-°p∂p.

(AP-b≥ ]\-bd)

ebmfwF´mwXcw


B hmg-sh´v

s]m≥Ip∂w h¿°n-bpsS IYm-temIw

1940 -I-fnse a[y-tI-c-f-Ønse Zcn{Z I¿j-I-cpsS {]iv\-ß-fmWv s]m≥Ip∂wh¿°n-bpsS IY-I-fnse {][m\ {]ta-bw. P∑n-am-cpsS Nqj-Ww, Zmcn-{Zyw, k¿°m-cns‚ Ah-K-W\, A‘-hn-izmkw XpS-ßnb {]iv\-ß-fn¬s∏- p-g-ep∂ km[m-cWP\-hn-`m-K-Øns‚ i_vZ-amWv s]m≥Ip∂w h¿°n-bpsS IY-I-fn¬ sXfn-bp-∂-Xv.aXw, kmaq-lnI-Po-hn-Xw, cmjv{Sobw F∂o taJ-e-I-fn-se√mw km[m-c-W-°m-cs‚]£-Øm-bn-cp∂p At±-lw. hntZ-im-[n-]-Xy-Øn-s\-Xnsc Db¿∂ tZio-b-{]-ÿm\w,GIm-[n-]-Xy-Øn\pw cmP-hm-gvN-bv°p-sa-Xnsc cq]wsIm≠ _lp-P-\-{]-ÿm\w,P∑n-Øz-Øn\pw Nqj-W-Øn-\p-sa-Xnsc cq]wsIm≠ ÿnXn-k-a-Xz-hmZw, aX-Øn-\-Xo-X-ambn a\p-jy≥ H∂m-sW∂ kmtlm-Z-cy-t_m-[w, ]m›m-Xy-tZ-iØpwC¥ybnepw cq]wsIm≠ \ho-I-cW{]ÿm-\-ßƒ ˛ Cßs\ B[p-\nItemI-Øn\v cq]w\¬Inb Ne-\-ßfpw Nn¥-Ifpw B IY-I-fpsS A¥¿[m-c-bmWv.

kmaqlnI-amb am‰-ßƒ e£y-am-°n ASn-ÿm\Pohn-X-{]-iv\-ßƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n®Fgp-Øp-Im-cmWv ]n.-tI-i-h-tZ-hv, s]m≥Ip∂w h¿°n, XIgn, _jo¿ XpS-ßn-b-h¿. Cu \mep-t]cpw Hcn-°-e-s√-¶n¬ as‰m-cn-°¬ ]m¿iz-h¬IrX P\X-bpsSh‡m-°-fm-bn-´p-≠v. IY-bnse \thm-∞m\ Ime-L-´sØ {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p∂Ch¿ {]ta-bw, `mj, Ah-X-cWw F∂n-h-bn-se√mw dnb-en-ÃnIv coXn-bmWvs]mXpsh kzoI-cn-®-Xv.

]mT-hn-i-I-e\w

Im¿jn-I-tI-cfw \nc-h[n {]Xn-k-‘n-I-fn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p-s≠-¶nepw s]mXp-k-aqlw ]pXnb hgn-Iƒ Is≠-Øm-\p≈ {ia-ßƒ XpS-ßn-bn-´p-≠v. Irjn-°q-´m-bva-Iƒ, hnZym-e-b-ß-fnse Irjn, hoSn-\-IØpw ]pd-Øp-ap≈ sNdnb ÿe-ß-fnse Irjn F∂nh AØcw {ia-ß-fmWv. Irjn-bn¬ Xm¬∏cyw krjvSn-°p∂Xc-Øn¬ Cu ]mT-`mKw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ {i≤n-°p-at√m.

1940-I-fnse a[y-Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse Im¿jn-I-Po-hnXw ]›m-Ø-e-am°n cNn® IY-bmWv "B hmg-sh´v'. IY-bnse {][m\ IYm-]m{Xamb a¿t°mkptN´≥ \√A\p-`-h-⁄m-\-ap≈ I¿j-I-\mWv. AXv hy‡-am-°p∂ Hcp ]g-s©m-√n-eq-sS-bmWv IY XpS-ßp-∂-Xv. IY-bnse a¿t°mkptN´s‚ ico-c-h¿W\ Xs∂ AbmƒHcp \√ Irjn-°m-c-\m-sW∂v hnfn-®p-]-d-bp-∂p. IjvSn®v Htc-°¿ ÿeta At±-l-Øn-\p-≈q. AXy-[zm\w sIm≠v Nph-Sp-]n-Sn-∏n® Iptd hmg-IfmWv B ]pc-bn-S-Øns‚ ]®∏v. PohnXw Icp -∏n -Sn -∏n -°m≥ \t∂ IjvS -s∏-Sp -I -bmWva¿t°mkptN´≥. B kml-N-cy-Øn-emWv tcmK- o-jWn Btcm-]n®v hmg-Iƒ shń-°-f-bp-∂-Xn-\p≈ DØ-c-hn-d-ßp-∂-Xv. CXv a¿t°mkp tN´s‚ Pohn-X-Øn-ep-≠m-°p∂ {]Xn-k-‘nbpw Nn¥-I-fp-amWv IY-bpsS {]ta-bw. Irjnsb sshIm-cn-I-ambn ImWp∂ \nc-h[n kμ¿`-ßƒ IYbv°v Bkzm-ZyX \¬Ip-∂p.



-{]h¿Ø\ hni-I-e\w

Irjnb\p-`-h-ßƒ ]dbmw

]mTm-h-X-c-W-Øn-\p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-am-Wn-Xv. Irjn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ Nn{Xtamhm¿Øtbm hoUntbmtbm ImWn-°mw. t\cn´v Irjnb\p-`-h-ßƒ C√mØ Ipń-Iƒ Ah¿ hmbn-®tXm ]Tn-®tXm Bb A\p-`-h-ßƒ ]¶phbv-°s´.

hoń¬ kz¥-ambn sNøp∂ Irjn. hnZym-e-b-Ønse Im¿jnI¢∫ns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ. \mńse I¿jI kwLßƒ. sSdkv Irjn ]{X-hm¿Ø-Iƒ ]mT-]p-kvXI {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Irjn-bn¬\n∂v AI-ep∂ tIcfw.

hnf-\miw `b-t°≠; C\n kky-ßƒ°pw Bip-]{Xn

Be-∏pg : a\p-jy¿°pw arK-ßƒ°pwam{X-a√, kky-ßƒ°pw Bip-]-{Xn-bm-bn. ]®-°-dn-I-fp-sSbpw a‰p hnf-I-fp-sSbpw tcmK-ßƒ Is≠Øn IrXy-amb NnIn¬k \¬Ip∂ Im¿jnIUnkvs]≥kdn {]h¿Ø-\-am-cw-`n-®p.hnZKv[ NnIn¬k e`y-am-°m≥ ChnsSIrjntUmIvS¿am-cp-≠v. Im¿jn-I-hnπhw Xo¿Ø Be-∏pg I™n-°p-gn-bn-emWv Cu \qX\ kwcw-`w. ]®-°-dn-Iƒ°pw hnfIƒ°pap-≠m-Ip∂IoS-_m[ Dƒ∏-sS-bp≈ tcmK-ßƒ

bYm-k-abw \n¿W-bn-°p-I, aXn-bmbNnIn¬k-Iƒ \n¿tZ-in-°p-I, ssPh-Io-S-\m-in-\n-Iƒ Dƒ∏-sS-bp≈ acp-∂p-Iƒ e`y-am-°pI F∂o tkh-\-ß-fmWv Unkvs]≥k-dn-bn¬ e`y-am-hp-I. hnc-an® Im¿jnIDtZym-K-ÿcpw Im¿jnI hnZ-Kv[-cp-amWvIrjn tUmIvS¿am-cmbn FØp-∂-Xv. I™n-°pgn ]©m-b-Ønepw kao-]-{]-tZ-i-ß-fnepw hym]-I-am-bp≈ P\-Iob Irjnsbklm-bn -°pI F∂ e£y-an -´mWvIm¿jnI Unkvs]≥kdn XpS-ßn-b-Xv.

-]mT-hm-b\

Ipń-Iƒ°v G‰hpw CjvS-s∏´ hkvXp-°ƒ \jvS-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ D≈ hnImcw ]¶p-h-bv°p∂ Xc-Ønep≈ N¿® ¢mkn¬ \S-°-s´.

G‰hpw {]nb-s∏´ ]£n-ar-Km-Zn-Iƒ. Fs‚ acw/Rm≥ \´p-h-f¿Ønb sNSn. kz¥w Irjn \jvS-s∏´ Irjn-°m-cs‚ IY-bmWv "B hmg-sh-´v.'

1940-I-fnse Im¿jn-I-Po-hnXw kqNn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v IY hmbn-°m≥ ]dbmw. IYau\-ambn hmbn-®-Xns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ {][m\-kw-`-h-ßƒ ]d-bs´.

A\p-`-h-⁄m-\-ap≈ I¿j-I-\mWv a¿t°mkv. aIƒ dmtl¬ Irjn-sbbpw ]nXm-hn-s\bpw AXn-c‰v kvt\ln-°p-∂p. tcmKw h∂ hmg-Iƒ sh´m≥ A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ {ian-°p-∂p. a\- n√m a\-t msS a¿t°mkv hmg-Iƒ sh´m≥ Hcp-ßp∂p.

ebmfwF´mwXcw


a¿t°mkp tN´\v apdn-th¬°p∂p.

IY Bg-Øn¬ A]-{K-Yn-°p∂ hmb\ ASpØ L´-Øn¬ \S°-Ww. AXn-\mbnNne kN-\-Iƒ \¬IWw:

IY-bpsS Ime-L´w Im¿jn-I-kw-kvImcw kmaq-ln-Im-hÿ DtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS kao-]\w/I¿j-I-cpsS \njvI-f-¶X. IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ. sshIm-cn-Imwiw Ah-X-c-W-coXn `mjm-]-c-amb khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ. `mhn-Im-e-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ {]Xymi.

-]T-\-{]-h¿Ø\w

IY-bnse Im¿jnIkwkvImcw

Irjn-tbmSv B`n-apJyw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ kμ¿`-ßfpw hcn-Ifpw Ipń-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´. kμ¿`-Øn-s‚bpw D]-tbm-Kn® `mj-bp-sSbpw {]tXy-IX Ipń-Iƒ hni-I-e\w sNøWw.

tN\-Ø-e-Iƒ GtXXp ImeØp \S-W-sa∂ Imcy-Øn¬ a¿t°mkptN´\v hfsc \n›-b-ap≠v.

hmg sh´m≥ h∂-h-cmWv F∂-dn-™-t∏mƒ I¿j-Is‚ D≈n¬ Xo ]nSn®p.

CXn\v tcmK-sam-∂p-an-s√-∂p-≈Xv F\n-°-dn-bmw. Rm≥ Irjn-°m-c-\t√.

Xs‚ Pohn-X-Øns‚ c‡-[-a-\n-I-fmb B sNSn-I-fpsS Hmtcm Nph-ńepwlrZ-b-`m-c-tØm-sS Abmƒ t\m°n-\n∂p.

hmg sh´m≥ sN∂p \n¬°p∂ kμ¿`w.

hmg sh´p-I-bm¬ acp- q-an-bm-bn-Øo¿∂ ]pc-bnSw I≠v Ahƒ amdn¬Ø√n

t{ImUo-I-cWw

Irjn-sb-°p-dn®v ]mc-º-cy-ambn e`n® Adn-hp-≈-bm-fmWv a¿t°m-kv.AXn¬ Abmƒ°v \√ Bfl-hn-izm-k-ap≠v.

IY-bpsS XpS°w Irjn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ ]g-s©m-√n-emWv. D≈n¬ Xo ]nSn-®, lrZ-b-`mcw F∂o {]tbm-K-ßƒ Irjn-tbm-Sp≈Xm¬∏-cysØ ImWn-°p∂p.

-ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ N¿®sNømw

hyXy-kvX-amb ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ kwhm-Z-cq-]-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°mw. Xmsg ]d-bp∂kqN-\Iƒ Dƒs∏-Sp∂ N¿®-bn-eqsS kwhm-Z-Øn\v Hcp-ßmw.

Im¿jn-I-hr-Øn-tbm-Sp≈ kaq-l-Øns‚ ImgvN-∏mSv. Irjn PohnXw Xs∂-bm-bn-°≠ kwkvImcw. a\p-jy-Xz-an-√mØ \nba\n¿h-lWw. em`-I-c-a-√m-Ø-hsb \ne-\n¿Øp-∂Xv tZiob\jvS-amWv F∂ hmZw.



kky-ßsf a°-fmbn ImWp∂ hnime ImgvN-∏mSv. cmjv{S-Øns‚ \≥abv°v \nb-a-]m-e\w AXym-h-iy-amWv. F√m-‰n¬ \n∂pw em`w am{Xw B{K-ln-°p∂ Hcp hn`mKw.

hnjbw : tcmKw h∂m¬ F√mw shń-°-f-™m¬ aXntbm?

sImSpØ hnj-b-tØmSv tbmPn-°p-∂-hcpw hntbm-Pn-°p-∂-hcpw Bsc∂v Is≠-Øn-b-tijw c≠p hn`m-K-Øn-sebpw c≠v kwLßƒ hoXw Ah-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-Øn\v Bh-iy-amb hmZ-ßfpw sXfn-hp-Ifpw Is≠-Ø-s´.

kwhm-Z-Øn\v Hcp tamU-td-‰sd Ipń-I-fn¬ \n∂p-Xs∂ Xnc-s™-Sp-°-Ww.

N¿® \nb-{¥n-°p-∂-bm-fmWv tamU-td-‰¿, Hcp hn[n-I¿Øm-h√.

tamU-td-‰¿°v kz¥-amb \ne-]m-Sp-Ifpw A`n-{]m-b-ßfpw D≠m-Im-sa-¶nepwN¿®-bn¬ ]s¶Sp-°p∂ F√m-h¿°pw Xpeym-h-kcw \¬IWw

Ccphn`mKhpw D∂-bn® {][m\ hmZ-ßƒ t{ImUo-I-cn-°Ww, H∏w hmZ-ßsfsXfn-hp-I-fpsS ]n≥_-e-tØmsS i‡-am-b-tXXv, Zp¿_-e-am-bXv GXv F∂pNq≠n-°m-Wn-°Ww.

Hmtcm kwLØn¬ \n∂pw ap≥Iqń \n›-bn-°-s∏-´-h¿ \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´. hmZßsf ]c-kv]cw Jfin-°m\pw adp-hm-Z-ßƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m\pwAh-kcw sImSp°mw.

kwhm-Z-Øn¬ D∂-bn-°-s∏´ {][m\ hmZ-ßƒ A[ym-]nI AXXv ka-bØv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv DNn-X-am-bn-cn-°pw. A[ym-]nI N¿®-bn¬ KpW-]-c-ambn CS-s]-tS-≠-Xp-≠v.

-t{ImUo-I-cWw \nb-a-hy-hÿ I¿j-I\v A\p-Iq-e-am-IWw. am\p-jn-IX ]cn-K-Wn-°Ww. ]cn-ÿn-Xn-ku-lr-Z-]-c-amb PohnXw. Im¿jnI ¢n\n-°p-Iƒ bYm-k-abw e`y-am-°Ww.

-hne-bn-cp-Ø¬°p-dn∏v

a¿t°mkv F∂ IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ Irjn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ ImgvN-∏m-SmWv Cu{]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ hni-I-e\w sNtø-≠-Xv. kμ¿`-ßƒ Is≠Øn hni-I-e\wsNbvXv Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°-Ww. CXv s]mXp-hmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-®v sa®-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv. Ipw`-Øn¬ \´m¬ IpS-tØmfw; ao\-Øn-em-bm¬ F≥ IÆn-t\mfw am{Xw.

F√p-I-fp¥n \n¬°p∂ B ico-chpw hf™ \s´√pw Hńb Ihnfpw Ipgn™IÆpw A¿[\-·-amb ico-chpw H‰t\m´-Øn¬Øs∂ Abmsf Hcp Irjn-°m-c-s\∂p hnfn-®p-]dbpw.

""F¶n¬ Fs‚ ]utem-®-s\bpw tPmWn-s\bpw dmtl-en-s\-bp-sams° Aßvshń-°-f-bp-I-bt√ t`Zw-'' F∂p ]d-bp∂ kμ¿`w.

"A¥y-Zn-\-Øn¬ Abmƒ CXm Xs‚ hne-tb-dnb IÆo¿Øp-≈n-Ifpw AXn\v\¬Ip∂p'.

I¿j-I-s\∂ \ne-bn¬ a¿t°m-kns‚ Adn-hn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ kqN-\-bmWv IYm-cw- w. 1940-I-fnse a[y-Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse Im¿jn-I-Po-hn-X-sØbpw Irjn-°m-cs‚

ebmfwF´mwXcw


Ah-ÿ-sbbpw ImWn-°p-∂-XmWv a¿t°mkp tN´-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ h¿W\. hmgsh´p-∂Xv a¿t°m-kn\v kz¥w Ipń-Isf D]-{Z-hn-°p-∂-Xn\v Xpey-am-Wv. hmg-Isfkz¥w a°-fmbn ImWp∂p.

-IY-b-cßv \SØmw

hnhn[ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ GtIm-]n-∏n®v IY-b-cßv \S-Øm≥ Ipń-Isf {]m]vX-cm-°p-I-bmWv Cu {]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ e£yw. IY-b-c-ßn\v aq∂p L -ß-fp-≠v. Hmtcm{]h¿Ø-\-Øn-s‚bpw e£yw N¿®-bn-eqsS Ipń-Isf t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv Ah-cpsS kPo-h-amb ]¶m-fn-ØØn\v Ah-k-c-samcp°pw. Npa-X-em-hn- -P-\-Øn¬ n∂-ti-jn-bp≈ Ipń-I-sfbpw ]cn-K-Wn-°-Ww.

IY-b-c-ßn\p apºv IY-b-cßv IY-b-c-ßn\p tijw

Npa-Xemhn -P\w Ah-X-cWw ]{X-hm¿Ø

IY-Iƒ Xnc-s™-Sp-°¬ N¿® dnt∏m¿´v

hnh-c-ßƒ tiJ-cn-°¬ t{ImUo-I-cWw

t\mókv Ipdn-∏v Xbm-dm°¬

t]mÃ¿ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

-IY-Iƒ

i_vZn-°p∂ Ie∏ ˛ s]m≥Ip∂w h¿°namWn-°≥ ˛ efn-Xmw-_nI A¥¿P\wIrjn-°m-c≥ ˛ XIgnAS-bv° -s]-dp-°p-∂-h-¿ ˛ kt¥mjv G®n-°m\w

B hmg-sh´v

I≠pw tI´pw A\p-`-hn®pw t]m∂ Imcy-ßƒ hrØn-bmbn AS-°n-sbm-Xp°n ]d-bp∂ coXn-bn-emWv IYm-Jym-\w. dnb-enÃv Fgp-Øp-Im¿ Aß-s\-bm-Wv. bmYm¿Yy-ßƒ AtX-co-Xn-bn¬ Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂-XmWv Ah¿°n-jvSw. h®p-sI´pw s]men-∏n-°epw BJym-\sØ _m[n-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ {i≤n-°p-∂p. Cu {]tXy-IX s]m≥Ip∂w h¿°n-bpsS "B hmg-sh-ń-'s\bpwAXy¥w {it≤-b-am-°p-∂p.

hmgbv°v tcmKw hym]-I-am-b-Xn-\m¬ Irjn-°m-c-\mb a¿t°mkptN´s‚hmg-tØm-´-Ønse Ipe-®Xpw Ipe-bv°m-Ø-Xp-amb hmg-Iƒ sh´m≥ A[n-Imcw B⁄m-]n-°p-∂p. AXn-s\-Øp-S¿∂v Irjn-°m-c≥ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p∂{]bm-k-ßƒ X≥a-b-Xz-tØmsS ]d-bp-∂p. CXmWv IY-bpsS {]tabw F∂vs]mSp-∂t\ tXm∂mw. AXv IYsb a\- n-em°n F∂-Xns‚ kqN-\-bmhn√.hmg-Iƒ°v tcmK-ap-s≠∂v ]d-tb-≠Xv Irjn-°m-c-\m-Wv. A√msX DtZym-K-ÿ-c-√. Cu \ne-]mSv a¿t°mkp tN´-t‚-XmWv. \√ Irjn-°m-c\v IrjnsNøp∂ hkvXp-°-fnse tcmKw Xncn-®-dn-bm-\mIpw. F∂n´pw DtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS \n¿_-‘-Øn\p ap∂n¬ B Irjn-°m-c≥ Iog-S-ßn, \n»-_vZ-\m-bn.Xs‚ "A∂-t∂∏' amWv hmg-Iƒ. shń-°-f-™n-s√-¶n¬ sh´p∂ Iqenbpw



Xm≥ Xs∂ sImSp-t°-≠n-h-cp-sa-t∂m¿Ø-t∏mƒ Abmƒ°v hyk\wtXm∂n. Aa¿j-hp-ap-≠m-bn. Xs‚ Irjn-bn-S-Øn¬ Adp-]-tXmfw hmg-I-fp-≠v. a\- n-√m-a-\-t msS hmg-sh-´m≥ Xocp-am-\n-°p∂p. ""Fs‚ ]utem-kn-t\bpw tPmWn-t\bpw dmtl-en-t\bpw F√mw shń-°-f-bp-∂-Xn\v Xpeyw''F∂ hmIyw hmbn-°p-tºmƒ a\p-jy∏‰n-s\-°p-dn®pw \mw Nn¥n®p t]mhp-∂p. a\p-jy-t\m-Sp≈ kvt\lw t]mse Hmtcm Irjn-°m-c\pw Ah≥ IrjnsNøp-∂-h-Isf kvt\ln-°p-∂p. sh´pI F∂ {Inb sN∂p-sIm-≈p-∂XvIrjn-°m-cs‚ Bfl-hn-izm-k-Øn≥ta-emWp Xm\pw.

sh´-cn-hmƒ D]-tbm-Kn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ BZysØ sh´v "hmg-∏n-≠n-°-j-W-Øn¬ ]n∂n-´-tijw' a¿t°m-kns‚ CSXp Im¬ap-ń¬ sN∂v sIm≠p.Abmƒ hoWp. B ImgvNbpw ]pc-bnSw acp-`q-an-bm-bXpw kln-°m≥ aIƒdmtl-en\v Ign-™n-√. Ahƒ ]d-™p. "Fs‚ ]nXm-hn\pw tcmK-ap-≠v. At±-l-sØ-°qSn \nßƒ shń-aq-SpI'. ]nXm-hns\ kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw Ah-iy-t_m-[-Øn\v A\p-k-cn®v s]cp-am-dp-Ibpw sNøp∂ aI-fpsS thZ-\-IqSn Irjn-°m-c≥ Adn-bp-∂p. ]cn-jvIm-cn-I-fmb bph-Xz-hp-ambn Ahƒ Xń-°-b-dn-b-t∏mƒ B i_vZw acwtIdn-bp-tS-Xmbn DtZym-K-ÿ¿ hne-bn-cp-Øn-b-XmbpwIYm-Im-c≥ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

BZy-sh´v a¿t°mkptN´s‚ ico-c-Øn¬ sN∂p-sIm-≠-Xn¬ [z\ym-fl-I-X-bp-≠v. Acn-hmƒ Np≠v I¿j-Is‚ CStØ Im¬ap-ń-te°v IpXn®pF∂mWv {]tbm-Kw. sNdp-I-Y-bpsS bYm¿Y s]mcp-fn-se-Øm≥ AXv klm-b-I-am-Ip-∂p. "\√ I¿j-Is\' \n¿hNn-°m≥ IYm-Im-c≥ \S-Øp∂ At\z-j-W-Øns‚ AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Ø¬ IqSn-bmWv AXv. H∏w Imehpw kaq-lhpwhyh-ÿn-Xnbpw BJym\w sNøp-∂p. F√p-ap-dnsb ]Wn-sb-Sp-°p-∂-h≥ am{X-amtWm \√ I¿j-I≥? A√. Ime-Øn-s‚bpw {]Ir-Xn-bp-sSbpw am‰wAbmƒ°v kv]¿in®-dn-bm≥ Ign-bpw. Ipw`-am-k-Ønse shfp-Ø-hm-hn≥\mƒ tN\\´m¬ N{μ-t\mfw apgp-∏p-≠m-Ip-sa∂v a¿t°mkp tN´≥]dbp∂p. hmg-ssØ-Iƒ°v tcmKw hcp-∂Xv BZyw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂Xv I¿j-I-\m-Wv, ]pd-Øp-≈-h-c-√. ]cn-jvIr-X-Im-e-Øn-s‚, A[n-Im-c-Øns‚hy‡nIƒ°v Cu I¿j-Is\ Adn-bn-√. \nemhv amhns\ NXn-°p-sa∂IY a¿t°mkv hmb-\-°m¿°v ]I¿∂p\¬Ip-∂Xpw Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-em-Wv.

aÆpw {]Ir-Xnbpw Adn-™p-{]-h¿Øn-°p-∂-h≥ B‰w-t_m_v bpK-ØnseIrjn-°m-c-\-√. AXv Irjn-°m-c≥ a\- n-em-°p-∂ cmjv{So-b-Øns‚ kqN-\-bm-Wv. Npcp-°n-∏-d-™m¬, a¿t°mkp tN´≥ F∂ IYm-]m-{X-Øn-eqsSc≠p-Im-esØ s]m≥Ip∂w h¿°n A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøp-∂p. amdn-h-cp∂I¿j-I-kw-kvIm-c-sØbpw A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøp-∂p.

C∂v Irjn A[n-Im-c-Øns‚ `mK-am-bn. t]mb-Im-eØv Irjn-°m-cs‚a\ÿn-Xn-bmWv Irjnsb \nb-{¥n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. _mlyCS-s]-S-ep-IƒC√mbncp∂p. hmg-sh´v Irjn-sb¥v F∂-dn-bm-Ø-h-cpsS ]≤-Xn-bm-Wv.bYm¿Y Irjn-°m-cs\ \n¿hNnt°≠ _m[yX ]cn-jvIrXkaq-l-Øn¬IYm-Im-c≥ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.

(_me-N-{μ≥ hS-t°-SØv, \ncq-]-I≥)

ebmfwF´mwXcw


FÆ \nd® Ic≠n

]utem sImbvtem-bpsS temI {]kn≤ t\mh-emb "Z B¬s°-an-Ãn'se Hcp`mK-amWv "FÆ \nd® Ic≠n'. Cu temI-Ønse kpJ-ßfpw ku`m-Ky-ßfpwBthmfw Bkz-Zn-°p-tºmgpw aqey-ßƒ a\- n-ep-≠m-bn-cn-°Ww. AXmWv kt¥m-j-Øns‚ cl-kyw. Cu KpW-]m-T-amWv {]kvXpX t\mh¬`mK-Øns‚ ImX¬.Hcp kz]v\-Z¿i-\-Øns‚ t{]c-W-bn¬ km‚n-bmtKm F∂ CS-b-_m-e≥ \S-Øp∂bm{X-bmWv B¬s°-an-Ãv F∂ t\mh-en¬ Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂Xv. B kz]v\-Øns‚A¿Yw Is≠-Øm≥ Ah≥ {ia-ßƒ \S-Øp-∂p. Xs‚ bm{X-bv°n-S-bn¬ Nn{X-i-e- w, Pn]vkn, kv{Xo, hr≤≥ XpSßn ]e-tcbpw km‚n-bmtKm I≠p-ap- p-∂p. CXn¬hr≤≥ ]d-™p-sIm-SpØ IY-bmWv ]mT-`m-Kw.

kzmX{¥yw Ccp-X-e-aq¿®-bp≈ hmfm-Wv. \nb-{¥-W-an-√mØ kzmX{¥yw B\μwXcp-∂pt≠m? CXn-s\-°p-dn-®mWv hr≤s‚ IY. kt¥m-j-Øns‚ cl-ky-a-dn-™p-h-cm≥ Hcp I®-h-S-°m-c≥ Abm-fpsS aIs\ A°m-esØ G‰hpw {]i-kvX-\mb⁄m\n-bpsS Acn-In-te°v Ab-®p. 40 Znhkw Ae-™p-\-S∂ Ah≥ ⁄m\n-bpsS sIm´mcw I≠p-]n-Sn-®p. Ah≥ {]Xo-£n-®-Xn¬ \n∂p hyXy-kvX-ambÿehpw A\p- -h-hp-amWv AhnsSbp≠m-b-Xv. ⁄m\n ap\n Bbn-cp-∂n-√. sIm´m-c-Øn-teXv D¬k-hm-¥-co-£-am-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp tai-∏p-dØv cpNn-I-c-amb hn`-h-ßƒ,as‰mcp ÿeØv Km\-ta-f, I®-h-S-°m¿ h∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p, Bfp-Iƒ D¬km-l-tØmsS kwkm-cn-®p-\n¬°p-∂p. ⁄m\n Hmtcm-cp-Ø-tcmSpw kwkm-cn-®p-\n¬°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ At±-l-tØmSp kwkm-cn-°m≥ c≠p aWn-°q¿ ImØp-\n¬t°-≠n-h-∂p. c≠v Xp≈n FÆ \nd® Ic≠n ssIbn¬∏nSn®v sIm´m-c-Ønse ImgvNIƒI≠p-h-cm≥ ⁄m\n Ah-t\mSv ]d-™p. F∂m¬ FÆ Xpfp-ºmsX kq£n®p\S∂-Xp-sIm≠v sIm´m-c-Ønse wKn-Iƒ Ah\v Bkz-Zn-°m≥ Ign-™n-√. sIm´mc-Øns‚ kuμcyw \∂mbn I≠p-h-cm≥ ⁄m\n Ah-t\mSv ho≠pw Bh-iy-s∏-´p. CØ-hW DZym-\-Ønse ]q°fpw Nn{X-∏-Wn-Ifpsa√mw Ah≥ \∂mbn Bkz-Zn-®p. F∂m¬ Ic-≠n-bnse FÆ apgp-h≥ \jvS-s∏-ń-cp-∂p.

Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ {][m-\-s∏´ Hcp XØz-Nn-¥-bmWv Cu `mKØv CXƒhn-cn-bp-∂-Xv. bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Pohn-X-Ønse kt¥mjw F¥m-sW∂v Cu t\mh¬`m-K-Øp-≠v.


hnkva-b-Zr-iy-ßƒ

Duln-®p-]-d-bmw

k∂ymknbpsS B{iaw F∂ hmIyw A[ym -]nIt_m¿Un¬ {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p.

k∂ym-kn-bpsS B{i-a-sØ-°p-dn®v Ipń-Iƒ°p≈ ap≥[m-c-W-Iƒ Ipdn-°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p.

Ipdn® Imcy-ßƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂p. A[ym-]nI t{ImUo-I-cn-°p-∂p.

]mTw au\-ambn hmbn-°-s´.

⁄m\n-bpsS sIm´m-c-Øn-\-IØv km‚n-bm-tKmsb hnkva-bn-∏n® Zriy-ßƒ

k∂ym-kn-bpsSthjw,B{i-a-]-cn-kcw,Kpcp-Ip-e-hn-Zym-`ymkw.



Fs¥m-s°-bm-sW∂v Ipń-Iƒ kwL-ßfmbn Is≠Øp-∂p. Iq´Ønsem-cmƒhoXw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. a‰p-≈-h¿ hne-bn-cp-Øp∂p.

apI-fn¬ Is≠-Ønb Imcy-ßfpw ]mT- m-KsØ Ah-ÿbpw XΩn-ep≈ Xmc-Xayw¢mkn¬ \S-°-Ww.

Xnc-°p≈ ÿew, ]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈ Bfp-Iƒ hcp-∂p, t]mIp∂p.

Hcp `mKØv Km\-taf.

kar-≤-amb hncp-∂p-ta-i-bn¬ Xfn-I-Iƒ \nd®v Bkzm-Zy--amb hn -h-ßƒ.

Duäpdn-bnse Xnc-»o-e-Iƒ t]¿jy-bn-emWv s\bvX-Xv.

]Øp-h¿j-sa-Sp-Øp-≠m-°nb kpμ-c-amb DZym\w. Np‰p-ap≈ ae-\n-c-Iƒ,F√m-X-c-Ønepw \nd-Øn-ep-ap≈ ]q°ƒ.

arZp-e-a-t\m-l-c-amb XpI¬Øm-fp-Iƒ D≈ {KŸ-∏pc.

Xńepw Npa-cnepw at\m-l-c-amb Iem-kr-jvSn-Iƒ.

Ipń-I-fpsS k∂ym-knbpw ]mT-Øn-ep≈ k∂ym-knbpw hyXy-kvX-am-Wv.

Is≠-Ønb Imcy-ßƒ Ipdn-∏m-°p-∂p.

-Xmc-X-ay-°p-dn∏v

kam-\m-i-btam hncp-≤m-i-btam Dƒs°m-≈p∂ cN-\-Iƒ Xmc-Xayw sNøm-\p≈tijn Ipń-I-fn¬ hf-cm-\p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-am-Wn-Xv.

sshtem-∏n-≈n-bpsS hcn-Iƒ ¢mkn¬ {]Z¿in∏n-°p-∂p. hcn-Ifpw ]mT-`m-KhpwkwLß-fmbn Xmc-Xayw sNø-s´. s]mXp-hmbn Ah-X-cn∏n®v hne-bn-cpØn sa®-s∏-SpØn Fgp-Xmw.

aqey-ßƒ a\- n¬ kq£n-°p-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®mWv c≠nepw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv.

Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw kz]v\-ßƒ°-\p-k-cn®v PohnXw Bkz-Zn-°mw.At∏mgpw aqey-ßfpw kwkvIm-chpsams° a\- nep≠m-h-Ww. F¶ntebYm¿Y kt¥mjw km[y-amIq F∂v B¬s°-an-Ãn¬ ]d-bp-∂p.

\K-c-h¬°-c-Whpw kmt¶-Xn-I-Xbpw \nd-™p-\n¬°p∂ ]pXnbtemIØv Pohn-°p-tºmgpw {Kma-Øns‚ \≥abpw hnip-≤nbpw aWhpwkvt\l-_-‘-ßfpw a\- n¬ kq£n-°Ww F∂v "hnjp-°Wn-'bn¬sshtem-∏n≈n kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. ]pXnb Xe-ap-dbv°v {]Xymi sImSp-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w Pohn-X-aq-ey-sØ-°p-dn®pw kwkvIm-c-sØ-°p-dn®pw Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWv Ihn.

KZy-`m-KØv Ic-≠nbpw FÆbpw {]Xo-I-am-Ip-tºmƒ Ihn-X-bn¬sIm∂∏qhmWv {]Xo-Iw. [qk-c-k-¶¬∏w, {Kma-Øns‚ shfn®w F∂o{]Xo-I-ßƒ Ihn-Xbv°v ]pXnb am\w \¬Ip-∂p.

sIm∂∏q ]pXp-h¿j-Øns‚, {]Xym-i-bpsS {]Xo-I-am-Wv. FÆbv°vkvt\l-sa∂pw A¿Y-ap-≠v. a\- ns‚ kv\nKv[-Xbpw ss\¿aeyhp-amWvIc-≠n-bnse FÆ F∂ {]XoIw Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. {àn-∏n-°p∂]pdwImgvN-I-fnepw kpJ-t`m-K-ß-fnepw apßp-tºmgpw sIm®p-a-\ nseCØn-c-sh´w kq£n-°p-I. \Kcw \sΩ hf-bp-tºmgpw sIm∂-∏q-hns‚hnip-≤nbpw {]Xo-£bpw Icp-Xn-hbv-°p-I.

ebmfwF´mwXcw


-]ńI ]q¿Øn-bm-°pI

{Inbm-cq-]-ßƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-ØpI F∂-XmWv Cu {]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ Dt±-iyw.AXn-\mbn FÆ \nd® Ic-≠n, B hmg-sh´v F∂o KZy-`m-K-ß-fn-ep≈ ]c-am-h[n {Inbm-]-Z-ßƒ Ipń-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´. AXn¬\n∂v ]q¿W-{In-b-Ifpw A]q¿W-{In-b-Ifpw th¿Xn-cn®v Fgp-X-s´.

Nne tNmZy-ßƒ D∂-bn-°p∂p

hmIysØ ]q¿W-am-°p∂ {Inb-Iƒ GsXms°

{Inb-bp-sStbm \ma-Øn-s‚tbm IqsS \n¬°p∂ {Inb-Iƒ GsXm-s°-bmWv?

{Inb-tbmSp tN¿∂p \n¬°p∂ \ma-tØmSp tN¿∂p \n¬°p∂A]q¿W{Inb A]q¿W{Inb

I≠n´v hcq ]nSn® kv]q¨

Ign™v hcq ]Tn® ]mTw

FSp-Øv \oń ]d™ IY

\S∂v -I≠p s]m≈p∂ shbn¬

]d™v tIƒ∏n®p sh¥ Acn

c≠m-asØ tImf-Øn¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂h am{Xta ]ń-I-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm≥Ign-bq.

as‰mcp ]Z-tØmSv tN¿∂p-\n¬°p∂ {Inb A]q¿W-{Inb.

A]q¿W-{In-bbpw ]q¿W-{In-bbpw tN¿Øp {]tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ HSphn¬ hcp-∂-XmWv ]q¿W-{In-b. hmIy-Øns‚ Bibw Ah-km-\n-°p-∂n-S-ØmWv ]q¿W-{Inb tN¿°p-∂-Xv.

A]q¿W-{Inb c≠p-hn-[-ap-≠v. \ma-ß-tfmSp tN¿∂p\n¬°p-∂Xpw {Inb-tbmSptN¿∂p\n¬°p-∂Xpw.

{Inb

Hcp {]hr-Ønsb As√-¶n¬ hym]m-csØ Ipdn-°p∂ i_vZ-amWv {Inb.

Ipń ]mSp∂p. ({]-hr-Øn)

Ipń Ddßp∂p. (A-h-ÿ)

ap‰p-hn\ ˛ ]‰p-hn\

ap‰phn\, ]‰p-hn\ F∂v {Inbsb c≠mbn Xncn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. s]mXn-™p-sIń, ]d-™p-sIm-SpØp F∂o {Inbm-cq-]-ßƒ t\m°p-I. sIń F∂]q¿W-{In-bsb B{i-bn-®mWv s]mXn™v F∂ A]q¿W{Inb \n¬°p-∂Xv. sImSpØp F∂ ]q¿W-{In-bsb B{i-bn®v ]d™v F∂ A]q¿W-{In-bbpw \n¬°p-∂p. {][m\ {Inbbv°v ap‰p-hn\ F∂pw A]q¿W{Inbbv°v]‰phn\ F∂pw ]d-bp-∂p. ]‰p-hn-\sb t]sc-®w, hn\-sb®w F∂p c≠mbnXncn-°mw.



t]sc®w ˛ hn\-sb®w

Hcp \ma-Øn\v Iog-Sßn \n¬°p∂ A]q¿W-{In-b-bmWv t]sc-®w.DZm: hcp-∂-bmƒ, sIm√p∂ cmPm-hv, Xn∂p∂ a{¥n

Hcp ]q¿W-{In-bbv°v Iog-S-ßp∂ A]q¿W-{In-b-bmWv hn\-sb®wDZm: ImWm≥ t]mbn, InS-∂p-d-ßn.

-]pd-¥mƒ°pdn∏v

]pd-¥mƒ°pdn∏v F∂ hyh-lm-c-cq]w ]cn-Nb-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-am-Wn-Xv. ]pd-¥mƒ°pdn-∏ns‚ hyXykvX amXr-I-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm≥ Ipń-Iƒ°vAh-kcw \¬I-Ww. kzbw Hcp ]pd-¥mƒ°p-dn∏v Ipń-Iƒ Xbm-dm-°-s´.

Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥, {]km-[-I≥, {]ÿm-\w, hne F∂nh Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

{][m\ Bi-bw, {it≤-b-amb `mK-ßƒ F∂nh sImSp-°Ww.

\ncq-]-I-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-ßƒ FSp-Øp-sIm-Sp-°m-hp-∂-XmWv.

kw£n-]vXX

BI¿j-IXzw

IrXn hmbn-°m≥ t{]cn-∏n-°m\p-X-I-Ww.

-Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm°mw

IY-bnse k∂ymkn F∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ ¢mkn¬ Hcp s]mXp-N¿® kwL-Sn-∏n°mw.

]mT- m-K-Øns‚ {][m\ Du∂¬ a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ kqN-\-Iƒ A[ym-]-I\v\¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

k∂ymkn km‚n-bm-tKmbv°v t\cn v Pohn-X-XØzw D]-tZ-in-°m-ØXv F¥p-sIm≠v?

Is≠-Ø¬ coXn-bmWv k∂ymkn Ah-ew-_n-°p-∂Xv.

BImw-£-bp-W¿Øp∂ tNmZy-ßƒ tNmZn-°p∂p.

⁄m\n-bp-tSXv a\»mkv{X-]-c-amb kao-]-\-amWv.

Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Bg-Øn-ep≈ [mc-W-bn¬ \n∂mWv XØz-ßƒcq]-s∏-Sp-∂Xv.

FÆ \nd® Ic≠n ˛ Bkzm-Z\w

Cu temI-Ønse kpJ-ßfpw ku`m-Ky-ßfpw A\p-`-hn-°p-tºmgpw ssIh-i-ap≈ Ic-≠nbpw AXnse c≠p-Xp-≈n FÆbpw a\- n-ep-≠m-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂pwAXmWv kvt\l-Øns‚ cl-ky-sa∂pw ⁄m\n-bmb hr≤≥ ]d-bp-∂Xv.hmkvX-h-Øn¬ hnJymX {_ko-en-b≥ Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ ]utem sImbvtem-bpsS "Zn B¬s°-anÃv' F∂ {]ikvXIrXn-bnse Xmt°m¬ hmIyw Xs∂-bm-WnXv. Pohn-X-Øns‚ kmchpw kØbpw At\z-jn-°p∂ Hcp cN-\-bmbnB¬s°-anÃv ]cn-W-an-°p-∂-Xv, km‚n-bmtKm F∂ Bń-S-bs‚ \n[n tXSn-bp≈ {]Xo-Im-flI bm{X-bn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. ]e AS-cp-I-fn¬ A¿Yw Hfn-∏n-®p-hbv°p-tºmgpw G‰hpw kc-fhpw EPp-hp-amb Hcp am{¥n-Im-Jym\w ]utemsImbvtem "B¬s°-an-Ãn'¬ km[n-s®-SpØp F∂ hkvXp-X-bm-Wv,temIhym]-I-ambn hnh¿Ø\w sNø-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp "AZv pX s_Ãv sk√-dm'°nCu t]m¿®p-Kokv IrXnsb am‰p-∂-Xv.

ebmfwF´mwXcw


{]]©w \tΩmSv kz]v\-ß-fp-sSbpw \nan-Ø-ß-fp-sSbpw BI-kvan-I-X-I-fp-sSbpw cq]-Øn¬ kwh-Zn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p F∂ Xo{h-t_m[w "B¬s°-anÃv' F∂ IrXn-bn-ep-S-\ofw Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ k∂n-th-in-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. kvs]bn-\n¬ Bń≥]-‰-ßsf ta®p-\-S-°p-Ibpw Dt]-£n-°-s∏´ Hcp ]≈n-°-cn-In¬ssk°-tam¿ ac-Øn-\p-Io-gn¬ cm{Xn Ign-®p-Iq-´p-Ibpw sNøp∂ km‚n-bmtKmF∂ Bń-S-b≥ XpS¿®-bmbn ImWp∂ henb Hcp "\n[n-kz]v\'amWv bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Ahs\ IØn-®p-hn-Sp-∂-Xv. kz]v\-Øn¬ Hcp sNdnb Ipń-bmWv Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v ssaep-Iƒ°-∏p-d-ap≈ CuPn-]vjy≥ ]nc-an-Un-\-cn-In¬ Aßs\Hcp \n[n ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. Xs‚ kz]v\-sØ-°p-dn®v ]d-bp-tºmƒ⁄m\-hr-≤≥ km‚n-bm-tKmbv°v \¬Ip∂ kqN-\-Ifpw Znim-t_m-[hpw CuIrXn-bn¬ kp{]-[m-\-am-Wv. temIØv GsXmcp a\p-jy-s\bpw Ahs‚ "sshb-‡n-I-e£yw' AYhm "kzIm-cyhpw sFXn-lm-kn-I-hp-amb kz]v\w' (PersonalLegend) hfsc sNdp-∏-Øn¬-Øs∂ DW¿Øp-∂p-s≠∂pw lrZ-b-Øns‚ Bhnfnsb [oc-ambpw ZrV-ambpw ]n≥]-‰p-I-sb∂-XmWv, B kz]v\-km-£m-¬°mc-Øn-\p≈ GI hgn-sb-∂p-amWv hr≤≥ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. a\p-jys‚kzIm-cy-k-Øbpw e£yhpw hn[nbpw kz]v\hpw H∂mbnØocp∂ Bhn-jvIm-c-Øns‚ Cu khn-ti-j-X-ew, henb A¿Y-Øn¬ Bfl/Bflobkm£m-¬°mcw Xs∂-bm-Wv. AXp-X-s∂-bmWv bYm¿Y \n[n-bpw.

t\Sp∂ sXmgn¬, kºm-Zn-°p∂ [\w, A\p-`-hn-°p∂ KmV-{]-Wbw F∂n-h-sb√mw XyPn-®p-sIm-≠mWv km‚n-bmtKm bm{X XpS-cp-∂-Xv. c≠p-X-hW ]n¥n-cn-bm-\p≈ am\-kn-Im-hÿ D≠m-Ip-tºmgpw AXv adn-I-S-°m≥ Ah\v Ign-bp-∂p-≠v. kvs]bn-\n¬\n∂v B{^n° hgn CuPn-]vXn-se-Øm≥ km‚n-bmtKmXm≠p∂ acp-`qan Hc¿Y-Øn¬ sFln-I-Po-hn-X-Øn-t‚Xp Xs∂-bm-sW∂vImWmw. Hcmƒ Ft∏m-gmWv, Fß-s\-bmWv, F¥v Inń-bm-emWv BXy-¥n-I-ambn k¥p-jvS\pw kzÿ-\p-am-hp-I-sb∂ XØz-Nn-¥m-]-c-amb Kl\ tNmZy-Øns‚ efn-Xhpw kc-f-hp-amb DØ-c-am-Im-\mWv Hc¿Y-Øn¬ B¬s°-anÃvF∂ IrXn Xp\n-bp-∂-Xv. BZyw kqNn-∏n-®-Xp-t]mse Cu cN\ Hcp kz]v\-irw-J-e-bmbn \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xv a\p-jy≥ Ahs‚ e£yhpw hn[nbpw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn-\p≈ {]]-©- mj kz]v\-ßtfm \nan-Ø-ßtfm BsW∂ \ne-bv°m-Wv. km‚n-bmtKm ImWp∂ kz]v\w apX¬ ]n∂oSv CuPn-]v‰nse sIm≈-°m¿ kvs]bn-\nse Dt]-£n-°-s∏´ ]≈n-°-cn-In¬ ImWp∂ \n[n kz]v\whsc AXn-\p-Zm-l-c-W-ß-fm-Wv. AXp-t]mse km‚n-bmtKm bm{X-bv°n-S-bn¬I≠p-ap-´p∂ hr≤\pw Pn]vkn kv{Xobpw B¬s°an tXSp∂ Cw•o-jp-Im-c\pw B¬s°-an-Ãp-sa√mw ]e-co-Xn-bn¬ KqV-`m-j-Iƒ t]dp-∂-hcpw AXvA\m-h-cWw sNøm≥ {ian-°p-∂-h-cp-am-Wv. Npcp-°-Øn¬, Bfl-t_m[wF∂Xv Bfl-\n-jvThpw Bt]-£n-I-hp-amb H∂m-sW-∂p-IqSn ]d-bmsX ]d-bp-I-bm-Wn-hn-sS. Xs‚ CS-Øp-X-s∂-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ \n[ntXSn-bm-bn-cp∂p Xm\n-Xp-h-scbpw bm{XsNbvXXv F∂ km‚n-bm-tKm-bpsS Xncn-®-dnhv Hc¿Y-Øn¬IkvXqcn tXSn-bp≈ IkvXq-cn-am-\ns‚ At\z-j-WsØ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂-XmWv.a\p-jys‚ kzm¿YX DZm-Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-s‚bpw AXv D∂-X-amb Bflm-h-t_m-[-Øn-se-Øp-∂-Xn-s‚bpw {Iam-\p-K-X-amb ]cn-Wm-a-Øn\v kam-\ambH∂p-X-s∂-bt√ ùXn-I-tem-I-Øn¬/temI-Øn¬ k¿h-tem-l-ß-sfbpwkz¿W-am°n am‰p∂ B¬s°-an-bpsS cmk-{]-{In-b-bn-ep-ap-≈-Xv! ktN-X\hpwAtN-X-\-hp-amb F√m-‰n\pw Cu temIØv auen-I-amb kØbpw kz]v\-hp-ap-s≠∂ IuXp-I-I-c-amb Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Ø¬ "B¬s°-anÃv' F∂ cN-\-bpsS



Poh-kv]μw Xs∂-bm-Wv. Hcp temlw kz¿W-ambn ]cn-W-an-°m-\n-S-bm-Ip-∂XpXs∂ B teml-Øn-\p-≈n¬ Dd-™p-Iq-Sn-bn- p≈ Xot{h— aqe-am-sW∂ t\mh-ense \nco-£Ww Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ {]tXyIw Hm¿°mw.

temI-Øns‚ Bflmhv˛ "tkmƒ Hm^v Zn thƒUv'--˛F√m Poh-Pm-e-ß-sfbpwkky-temIßsfbpw Poh-\n-√mØ ]md-I-sf-t∏mepw B\-μ-]q¿hw ka-\z-bn-∏n-°p-∂p-sh∂ ktμiw IrXn-bn¬ \£{Xw t]mse Xnf-ßn-\n¬°p-∂p-≠v. t]mcm-fn-I-fmb tKm{X-h¿K-°m¿°p apºn¬ Hcp Im‰mbn amdm≥ km‚n-bm-tKmbv°v Ign-bp-∂-Xv, Ah≥ Cu temI-Øns‚ Bflm-hns\ {ihn-®p-Xp-S-ßp-tºm-gt{X! AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ a\p-jy¿°n-S-bnse aXh¿K-hw-i-hn-`n-∂-X-Iƒ km‚n-bm-tKm-bpsS At\z-jWbm{X-bv°n-Sn-b¬ t\¿Øp-h-cp-IbpwtemI-Øns‚ Bflm-hn-t\mSv D∑p-J-am-Ip∂ D÷z-eamb Hcp am\-h-t_m-[-sØbpw {]]-©-t_m-[-sØbpw Ahs‚ bm{X A¿Y-]q¿W-ambn ]p¬Ip-IbpwsNøp-∂p. Cu IrXn krjvSn-°p∂ hymJym-\-Øns‚ al-Ømb BIm-ihpwAXp-Xs∂ BIp-tºm-gmWv cN-\bv°v Hcp NncwPohnXw ssIh-cp-∂Xv.

Bflo-b-Xsbbpw XØz-Nn-¥-sb-bp-sa√mw Aan-X-ambn efn-Xh¬°-cn-°p∂pF∂-XmWv ]utem sImbvtem temI-hym-]-I-ambn t\cn-Sp∂ hna¿i-\w.t]m¿®p-Kokv `mj-bn¬ ˛ XmW-\n-e-hm-c-Øn¬ Fgp-X-s∏-Sp∂ "]utemsImbvtem IrXn-Iƒ' Hcn-°epw mjm-]-chpw kmln-Xo-b-hp-amb Hu∂-Xy-ß-fn-te°pw ¢mkn-°p-I-fpsS Kcn-a-bn-te°pw FØ-s∏-Sp-∂n√ F∂Xpw Cu Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ t\cn-Sp∂ as‰mcp hna¿i-\-amWv. Cu {][m\ hn-a¿i-\-ßƒ IqSnChnsS kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv C°m-cy-ßƒ IqSn Dƒs°m-≠v, "B¬s°-an-Ãn\v'C\nbpw ka-{Khpw hna¿i-\m-fl-I-hp-amb hmb-\-Iƒ D≠m-I-W-sa∂ \ne-bn-em-Wv. IrXn-bpsS BtLm-jn-°-s∏-Sp∂ hnP-b-Øn-epw, ]pXnb A\p-hm-N-I¿°p-ap-∂n¬ ho≠pw hna¿i-\m-fl-I-amb hmb-\-Iƒ A\n-hm-cy-am-sW∂vkmcw. Kuc-h-ap≈ Cu kmln-Xo-kXyw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ \ho-\-hm-b-\-I-fn-eqsSbmbn-cn°pw "Zn B¬s°-anÃv' F∂ IrXn XpS¿∂pw kº-∂-am-hp-I.

cLp-\mYv ]dfn (\ncq-]-I≥)

-D]-\ym-k-c-N\

bqWn-‰nse ]mT-`m-K-ß-fpsS Bi-b-Xew ka-{K-ambn Xncn-®-dn-bm\pw hni-I-e\wsNøm\pw DX-Ip∂ {]h¿Ø\w. ]mT- m-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw CXc cN-\-I-fn¬ \n∂p-ap≈ kμ¿`-ß-fmWv NphsS tN¿°p-∂-Xv. Ch hni-I-e\w sNbvXp-sIm≠v D]-\ymkw cNn-°mw. Hmtcm {Kq∏n\pw Xmsg- sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ Hmtcm kqN-\I-ƒ\¬Ip∂p. kqN-\-bmbn \¬Inb cN-\m-`m-K-ß-fn¬ {]Xymi F{X-tØmfw {]Xn-^-en-°p∂p F∂p kwLßƒ hne-bn-cp-Ø-s´. (aps∂m-cp-°-ambn Sn.-]-fl\m-`s‚"{]Imiw ]c-Øp∂ Hcp s]Ïp-ń' F∂ IY Ipń-Iƒ°v sImSp-°Ww.)

Ipń-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°s´. sa®-s∏-SpØn Fgp-X-Ww.

HmW-∏p-e¿®-bn¬ Iqcn-cpƒ \o°n-sb≥hoSn-∂-I-ØΩ h∂p-Zn°pwame-‰p-t]m-Ipw, hcpw-h¿j-a-£-b˛{iobmw he-Øp-Im¬ h®p-tIdpw

(]pXp-h¿jw)

ebmfwF´mwXcw


""A√tbm DZm-c-\mb I¿jIm, Rßƒ t]mI-s´. \sΩ `n∂n-∏n®p\n¿Øp-Ibpw shń-ap-dn-th¬∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ C∂sØ c-W-co-Xn°vDSs\ am‰-ap-≠m-Ipw. \nß-fpsS cmPyw hcp∂p''.

(B hmg-sh-ńse kz]v\-Z¿i-\w)

""Cu temI-Ønse kpJ-ßfpw ku`m-Ky-ßfpw Bthmfw Bkz-Zn-t®mfq.At∏mgpw ssIh-i-ap≈ Ic-≠nbpw AXnse c≠p-Xp≈n FÆbpw a\- n-ep-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. AXp-X-s∂-bmWv kt¥m-j-Øns‚ clkyw''.

(FÆ \nd® Ic≠n)

""{]Imiw ]c-Øp∂ B s]Ïp-ńsb ho≠pw I≠p-ap-´m-Xn-cn-°n-√.Hcp-]t£ \m\qtdm A™qtdm h¿j-ßƒ°p tijambn-cn°mw.''

({]-Imiw ]c-Øp∂ Hcp s]Ïp-ń ˛ Sn.-]fl-\m-`≥)

-t{ImUo-I-cWw PohnXw qan-bn¬ Xfn¿°pI F∂, {]th-i-I-Ønse {]tbmKw {]Xym-

isb kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. ]pXp-h¿jw F∂ Ihn-X-bn¬, AΩ F√m-Øcw Iqcn-cp- n-s\bpw AI‰n

Pohn-X-Øn¬ {]Xymi \nd-bv°p-∂p. B hmg-sh- nse kz]v\-Øn¬ hcm≥t]mIp∂ \√-Im-e-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈

{]Xo-£-bp-≠v. AXp-t]mseXs∂ A—-t\mSpw Irjn-tbm-Sp-ap≈ dmtl-ens‚ {]Xn-]-Ønbpw {]Xymi \¬Ip-∂p.

"B¬s°-an-Ãn¬' kt¥m-j-Øns‚ clkyw CXƒ hnS-cp-∂Xv a\ n¬{]Xymi ]S¿Øp-∂p.

"{]Imiw ]c-Øp∂ Hcp s]Ïpń' F∂ IY-bpsS {]tabw {]Xym-i-bm-Wv. acn-°m≥ Hcp-ßn-\n¬°p∂ Hcmsf sNdnb s]Ïp-ń-bpsSlrZy-amb s]cp-am‰w Pohn-°m≥ t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

-D]-\ym-k-c-N-\-bn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-tºmƒ Fgp-Xp∂ hnj-b-Øns‚ hym]vXn \n›-bn-°-Ww.

(ta-J-e-Iƒ, ka-bw, hep∏w) hnj-bsØ kzbw a\- n-em-°-Ww.

˛ hnj-b-\n¿h-N\w˛ Hmtcm LS-Ihpw bp‡n-]q¿hw hni-I-e\w sNø¬.

]d-bp-∂-Xns‚ ap≥K-W-\{Iaw \n›-bn-°¬. Xe-s°´v Bcw-`-Øn¬ hnj-bm-h-X-cWw (BapJw).

˛ hnj-b-Øns‚ km[y-X-Iƒ.˛ Xnc-s™-Sp-Ø-Xns‚ HuNnXyw.˛ kao-]\w˛ D≈-S°w

kz¥w \nco-£Ww DNn-X-amb `mj D]-kw-lmcw



--Rm≥ Fs∂-°p-dn®v

aq∂p ]mT- m-K-ß-fn-sebpw ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-b-t∏mƒNne {][m\ taJ-e-I-fn¬ Ipń-°p-≠mb ]ptcm-KXn kzbw hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-am-Wn-Xv.

Hmtcm {]kvXm-h\sIm≠pw Dt±-in-°p-∂-sX-¥m-sW∂v A[ym-]-I≥N¿®-bn-eqsS hy‡-am-°n-s°m-Sp-°-Ww.

]q¿W-ambn, `mKn-I-ambn, Ipd-®p-am{Xw F∂o tXmXp-I-fn-emWvanIhpIƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xv. Ah-sb-ßs\ \n¿W-bn-°m-sa∂v¢mkn¬ N¿®sNø-Ww.

{]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ \S-Øp-tºmƒ X\n°v kzbw A\p- -h-s∏´ Imcy-ßƒ,]c-kv]chne-bn-cp-Ø¬, A[ym-]I hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ F∂nh h®v Ipń-Iƒ kzX-{¥-ambn Xs∂-°p-dn®v hne-bn-cpØn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWvth≠-Xv.

hne-bn -cp -Ø-ep -Iƒ ]c-am -h[n Xt∂m-Sp -Xs∂ kXy-k-‘X]pe¿Øp∂h-bm-I-Ww. CXv Ipń-Isf t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ A[ym-]nI{ian-°-Ww.

A[ym-]-I-cpsS km∂n-[y-Øn¬ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ \S-Øp-∂-Xm-Wp-Nn-Xw.

ebmfwF´mwXcw


AXn-Po-h-\-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ ]cn-{i-a-ßƒ BZn-Imew apX¬ XpS¿∂pt]mcp∂p. {]Ir-Xn, kl-Po-hn-Iƒ, PohnXkml-N-c-y-ßƒ F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ \ns∂√mw Db¿∂phcp∂ sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ AXn-Po-hn-®p-sIm-≠mWv PohtemI-Øns‚ \qX\kml-N-c-y-ß-fn¬ DS-se-Sp-°p∂ {]Xn-k-‘n-Iƒ t\cn-Sm≥ hnZ-ym¿Yn-Isf {]m]vX-cmt°-≠-Xp-≠v. Cu bqWn-‰n¬ {]Ir-Xn-sb-∏-‰nbpw kmaq-lnI km-lN-c-y-ß-sf-°pdn®pw Ah-\-h-s\-∏-‰n-Ø-s∂bpw Hm¿Ωn-∏n®p-sIm≠v AXn-Po-h-\-Øns‚ hy-X-y-kvX-X-e-ßfneqsS IS∂pt]mhp-I-bmW.v

B[p-\nI Ime-L-´-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ ]cn-K-Wn-°p-tºmƒ AXn-Po-h-\-Øn\v Gsd {]m[m-\-y-ap-≠v. ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-I-amb hy-Xn-bm-\-ßƒ, hnh-c-km-t¶-XnIhnZ-y-bpsS hf¿®-, a\p-jy\v kl-Po-hn-I-tfm-Sp≈ _‘-ß-fn-ep-≠mb am‰w F∂n-h-sb√mw ]pXnb AXn-Po-h\X{¥-ß-fpsS Bh-i-y-I-X-bn-te°p hnc¬Nq≠p∂p.

hcpw-X-e-ap-d-bpsS \ne-\n¬∏n\p t\sc Db-cp∂ òj-Wn-Iƒ adn-I-S-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn ]pXnb bm{X-Iƒ \S-Øp∂ ao\p-I-fpsS IY-bmWv Aw_n-Im-kp-X≥ amßm-Sns‚ "c≠p a’-y-ßƒ'. ]cn-ÿnXn apJ-y-{]-ta-b-ambn kao-]-ImeØp≠mb {it≤bamb sNdp-I-Y-bm-Wn-Xv. GXp- Im-e-L- -Øn-em-bmepwkmaq-l-nI-km-l-N-c-y-ßƒ°p Nne kam-\-X-Iƒ Ds≠∂pw Ah Db¿Øp∂sh√p-hn-fn-Isf -adn-IS°m≥ Icp-Xn-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂pw \sΩ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p∂Xp≈¬∏m-´mWv Ip©≥\º-ym-cpsS "{[ph-N-cn-X'-Øn¬ \ns∂-SpØ "In´pw]W-sa-¶n-en-t∏mƒ' F∂ `mKw. Ah-\-hs‚ D≈n¬Øs∂ IpSn-sIm-≈p∂"DΩm-°n'Isf ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠Xv hf¿®bv°v A\n-hm-c-y-am-sW∂ktμiw \¬Ip∂ \mS-I-amWv tUm. hbem hmkp-tZ-h≥]n≈-bpsS"tX≥I\n'.

ka-Im-enI PohnX{]Xn-k‘n-Iƒ t\cn-Sm≥ \mw kZm PmK-cq-I-cm-tI-≠-Xp-≠v.

""IÆp-th-W-an-cp-]p-d-sa-t∏mgpwIÆp-thWw apI-fnepw XmtgwIÆn-se-t∏mgpw IØn-÷-z-en-°p˛apƒ°-Æp-thWaW-bmØ IÆv.''

Ip™p-ßƒ°v AXn-Po-h-\-Øns‚ ]mT-ßƒ HmXn-s°m-Sp-°p∂ X≈-t°m-gn-sb-°p-dn®v IS-Ω-\n´ cma-Ir-jvW≥ Fgp-Xnb "tImgn' F∂ Ihn-X-bnsehcn-I-fmWv bqWn-‰ns‚ io¿jIw.

IÆp-th-W-an-cp-]p-d-sa-t∏mgpw5.2

B ap Jw


IÆp-th-W-an-cp-]p-d-sa-t∏mgpw 211

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{]th-i-I-ambn \¬In-b hocm≥Ip-ń-bpsS "AXn-Po-h\w' F∂ IhnX Ipń-Iƒ `mhm-fl-I-ambn hmbn®v ¢mkn¬ N¿®sNø-s´.

N¿®m-kq-N-\Iƒ

♦ Ip™p-]p-√n\p th\-ens\ AXn-Po-hn-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂n√

Zp¿_-e-amWv. AXn-Po-h\am¿K-ßƒ Adn-bn√. klm-bn-°m≥ Bcp-an-√.

♦ sIm∂-acw th\-ens\ AXn-Po-hn-°p-∂p.

{]Xn-Iq-e-ßsf A\p-Iq-e-am°n kzbw Aew-Ir-X-am-Im≥sIm∂-a-c-Øn-\-dn-bmw.

♦ th\-en¬ G‰-hpa-[nIw ]®∏v ImØp-kq-£n-°p∂ ac-ß-fn-se-m∂mWvDßv.

Dßv a-c-Øn\pw sIm∂-a-c-Øn\pw th\-ens\ AXn-Po-hn-°m-\p≈ am¿K-ß-f-dn-bmw.

{]IrXn kzoI-cn-°p∂ AXn-Po-h-\-X-{¥-ßƒ ˛ Hm¥v\ndw amdp-I, ]√n hm¬ apdn-°p-I.

Np‰p-]m-Sp-I-fn¬\n∂v AXn-Po-h-\-Øns‚ ]mT-ßƒIs≠tØ≠-Xp≠v.

Zp¿_-e-sc-bmWv {]Xn-Iqekml-N-cyw G‰-hp-a-[nIw_m[n-°p-∂-Xv.

Cu N¿®-bn-eqsS sXfn-bp∂ Bi-b-ßƒsIm≠v Aw_n-Im-kp-X≥ amßm-Sns‚ "c≠p a’-y-ßƒ' F∂ IY-bn-te°v FØn-t®-cm-at√m.

{]th-i-I-{]-h¿Ø\w

c≠p a’-y-ßƒ

IΔm-bn-°m-b-en¬ \n∂p iqem∏v Imhn-te°p ap -bn-Sm-\mbn bm{X-t]m-Ip∂ c≠p-s\SpwNqcn a’-y-ß-fpsS IY-bm-Wn-Xv. B bm{X-bv°n-S-bn-ep-≠m-Ip∂ {]Xn-k-‘n-Iƒ ]pXnb Ime-L-´-Øns‚ ]mcn-ÿn-XnI{]iv\ß-fmWv. a\p-j-ys‚ CS-s]-S¬ {]Ir-Xn-bn¬ G¬∏n-°p∂ £Xw bm{X-bn-ep-S-\ofw AS-bm-f-s∏´p-In-S-°p∂p. ag-bpsS A`m-hw, ao≥th- -°m¿, Imhns‚bpw ]pg-I-fp-sSbpw \miw XpSßna’y-hw-i-Øns‚Xs∂ \ne-\n¬∏v A]-I-S-Øn-em-°p∂ LS-I-ßƒ {]tX-yIw{it≤-b-am-Wv.

_p≤kv]¿i-ta‰v Nnc-RvPo-hn-bm-bn-Øo¿∂ Xh-f-bmWv ]pXnb Z¿i-\-ß-fnte°p ao\p-Isf \bn-°p-∂-Xv. ChnsS ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-I-amb Hcp \thm-∞m-\-Øn-\mbn ]pXnb Infn-∏m- p-Iƒ D≠m-tI-≠-Xns‚ Bh-i-y-I-X-bmWv "Infn-a-Iƒ' F∂

ebmfwF´mwXcw



IYm-]m-{X-Øn-eqsS kqNn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. (kqN\: Fgp-Ø-—≥, Infn-∏m-´v, tIc-f-Øns‚ kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m\w). ZpxJ-Øns‚ ta¬ AS-bn-cp-∂m¬ AXn-Po-h\wkm[-y-am-In-s√∂pw {]Xo-£-bpsS ]pXnb ]m´p-I-fn-eqsS \jvS-s∏- h Xncn®p ]nSn-°p-I-bmWv th≠-sX∂pw IY \tΩmSp ]d-bp-∂p.

Xhf \¬Ip∂ Du¿P-Øn¬ \n∂pw Pohs\ Ipfn-c-Wn-bn-°m≥ \ndsb sh≈-ap≈ HcnSw tXSn- bm-{X-bm-Ip∂ a’-y-ßfpsS ip`{]Xo-£-bn-emWv IY Ah-km-\n-°p-∂-Xv.

""`qan-bnse Poh\v B{i-b-amb Bhmkhy-h-ÿ-Iƒ kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn\pw ssPh-ssh-hn-[yw \ne-\n¿-Øp-∂-Xn\pw \ΩpsS ]mc-º-cyw ImØpkq£n-°p-∂-Xn\pw \o¿Ø-S-ßfpw kap-{Z-ßfpwDƒs∏-Sp∂ ssPh-a-fie Icp-X¬tI{μ-ßƒ ÿm]n-°p-Ibpwkwc-£n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I.''

(Earth Charter and Gandhi)

Ipń-Iƒ au\-ambn IY hmbn°s´. XpS¿∂v IY-bnse {][m\ kw`-h-ßƒHmtcm-cp-Ø-cmbn {Ia-a-\p-k-cn®v ]d™v IY ]q¿W-am-°-s´.

hmb-\-th-f-bn¬ Ah-y-‡-ambn A\p- -hs∏-Sp∂ mK-ßƒ, {]tbm-K-ßƒ, hm°p-Iƒ F∂nh Ipń-Iƒ ]¶p-h-bv°-s´. Ah A[ym-]nI ]ń-I-s∏-SpØn {]Z¿in-∏n-°-Ww. XpS¿∂v Bh-i-y-amb hni-Zo-I-c-W-ßfpw kqN-\-Ifpw \¬tI-≠-XmWv.

s\Spw-Nqcn a’yw ˛ {]P-\\coXn]pXpa-g-s]-øp-tºmƒ Nne-bn\w ao\p-Iƒ Imb-ep-I-fn¬ \n∂pw ]pg-I-fn¬\n∂pw Hgp-°p-sh-≈-Øn-eqsS apI-fn-te°v \o¥n°bdn sNdp-tXm-Sp-I-fpsSD¤hÿm\-ß-fn-seØn ap´-bn-Sp-∂p.ao\p-I-fpsS Cu {]P-\\k©m-c-Øn\p hy-X-y-kvX-amb t]cp-I-fm-Wp-≈Xv. DZm.Du∏-tI-dp-I, DuØtIdpI F∂n-ß-s\. B ao\p-Iƒ°v G‰p-ao-\p-Iƒ, \odp-ao-\p-Iƒ F∂pw ]d-bpw.

iqem-∏v ImhvtIc-f-Ønse hnhn[ CS-ß-fn¬ Ct∏mgpw Ah-ti-jn-°p∂ Bhmkhy-h-ÿ-bmWv Imhp-Iƒ AYhm hnip-≤-h-\-ßƒ. iqem∏v tZhnbpsS {]XnjvTbp≈Imhn-s\-∏-‰n-bmWv IY-bn¬ ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂Xv. Imhp-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ NneBNm-c-ßfpw IY-bn¬ kqNn-X-amWv. Zp¿∂n-an-Ø-ßƒ I≠m¬ Imhns\ ]p\x-kr-jvSn-°-W-sa∂ hni-zmkw \ne-hn-ep-≠v."Imhq-Xo-≠n-bm¬ Ipfw h‰pw' F∂ {]tbmKw {]kn-≤-am-Wv.

_p≤-kv]¿iwGXp-Im-eØpw {]k-‡-amb Alnwkmkn≤m-¥-Øns‚ {]Xn-cq-]-amWv IY-bn¬ _p≤-kv]¿i-ta‰v Nnc-RvPo-hn-bmb Xh-f. a\p-j-ys‚ AXn-cp-I-S∂ t`mK-XrjvW lnwkm-fl-I-am-sW∂pw AXmWv ]cn-ÿnXn t\cn-Sp∂ G‰hpw henbòj-Wn-sb∂pw IYm-k-μ¿`w Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂p. Cu òj-Wn adn-I-S-°m≥_p≤s‚ Alnw-k-bmWv \ap°v hgn-Im- n-bm-tI-≠-sX∂v _p≤-kv]¿iw- F∂{]tbm-K-Øn-eqsS IYm-Im-c≥ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.



Ag-I\pw ]qhm-enbpw♦ Ddq-_ns‚ IYm-]m-{X-ßƒ "Ag-I\pw ]qhm-enbpw' _me-I-Y.♦ kz¥w PohnXw A]-I-S-s∏-SpØn ]c-kv]cw klm-bn-°p∂

a\p-j-y\pw Xnc-y-°pw.

Is≠Ømw, ]dbmw

IY-bpsS hmb-\-bn-eqsS kmam-\ym-i-b-ßƒ Ipń-Iƒ {Kln-®p-h-t√m. AhbpsShni-Zmw-i-ß-fn-te°v IS-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn GXm\pw tNmZy-ßƒ tNmZn-°mw.

iqem∏v tZhn-tbmSpw BIm-i-tZ-h-t\mSpw ao\p-Iƒ {]m¿Yn-®-sX-¥mImw?

F¥p-sIm-≠mhmw Ah¿ Aßs\ {]m¿Yn-®Xv?

{]Xn-I-c-W-ßƒ t{ImUo-I-cn-°p∂p.

kqN-\Iƒ♦ ag-bpsS Zu¿e-`yw.♦ s\Spw-Nqcn a¬ky-ßƒ agsb B{i-bn-®mWv hwi-h¿[\ \S-Øp-∂-Xv.♦ Xe-ap-d-I-fpsS IÆn-ap-dn-bm-Xn-cn-°m-\p≈ Pm{KX.

bm{X-bnse {]Xn-k-‘n-Iƒ

ao\p-I-fpsS bm{X-bpsS hnhn[ L -ßƒ th¿Xncn®v kwL-ßƒ°v \¬Ip∂p.♦ bm{X-bpsS Bcw`w♦ Ip∂p-I-b-d¬♦ Xh-f-bpsS ap∂n¬

Hmtcm L´-ß-fnepw ao\p-Iƒ°p-≠mb A\p-`-h-ßƒ Ipń-Iƒ N¿®sNø-s´.

kqN-\Iƒ

ao≥th´-°m¿

sh≈-Øns‚ Hgp°pIpdhv

`qX-Im-esØ aÆ≥ apX-e-Iƒ

N¿-®

Ipń-Iƒ N¿®-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ kw{K-ln®v kq£n-°p-at√m.

{]tbm-K-`wKn Is≠-ØpI

"ag-sIm- n-bn-d-ßp-I' F∂ {]tbm-Kw A[ym-]nI Nm¿ń-se-gpXn {]Z¿in-∏n-°p∂p.

ag-sIm-ń-bn-d-ßpI

sImń-bn-d-ßp-I, sImń-°-b-dp-I F∂nh hmZ-y-tLm-j-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´{]tbm-K-ß-fm-Wv. ChnsS ag s]bvXn-d-ßp∂Xns\ ao\p-Iƒ kzo-I-cn-°p-∂Xv hmZ-y-tLm-j-Øns‚ am[p-c-y-tØm-sS-bm-Wv. ag-bpsS sImń-bn-d-°-Øn\vtij-amWv hnØp-Iƒ aÆn¬ apf-s]m- p-∂-Xv. ChnsS A\-¥-c-X-e-ap-dbpsSapf-s]m-´-en-\mbn ag- s]bvXn-dßm≥ ao\p-Iƒ ImØn-cn-°p-∂p.

kam-\amb {]tbm-K-ßƒ ]mT-`m-K-Øp-\n∂pw Is≠Øn hymJym-\n®v Ipń-IƒIpdn∏v Xbm-dm-°-s´. Bh-iy-amb CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ \S-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.

ebmfwF´mwXcw


Pohs\ Ipfn-c-Wn-bn-°p-I.

ISp-Ø -th-\-en¬ c£-bv°mbn \mw Ipfn-c-t\z-jn-°p-∂p. AXp-t]mse {]Xn-Iqekml-N-cy-ß-fm-Ip∂ th\-en¬ AI-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂-h-cmWv Ag-I\pw ]qhm-enbpw. Ah¿ Xß-fpsS Poh-s\bpw Xe-ap-d-sbbpw \ne-\n¿Øm≥ A\p-Iq-e-km-l-N-cy-ß-fm-Ip∂ IpfncptXSn bm{X-bm-Ip-∂n-S-ØmWv IY Ah-km-\n-°p-∂-Xv. {]]-©-Ønse Hmtcm Poh\pw A-\-¥cXe-ap-d-Isf krjvSn®v IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-tºm-gmWv B Poh≥ km¿Y-I-am-Ip-∂Xv; Ipfn-c-Wn-bp-∂-Xv.

`qan-bpsS tNmc-t]mse

♦ `qan°v apdn-th-‰n-cn-°p-∂p.♦ `qan-bpsS ac-W-Øn\v apt∂m-Sn-bmb AS-bmfw.

Xh-fbpw _p≤\pw

Xh-fbpw _p≤\pw I≠p-ap-´p∂ cwKw ¢mkn¬ \mS-Io-I-cn®v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´. AhX-c-W-Øn\v tijw, \¬In-b tNmZy-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ HcpN¿® kwL-Sn-∏n-°mw.

{io_p-≤≥ BcmWv?

_p≤≥ apt∂m-´p-h® kn≤m-¥-sa¥v?

Xhf F∂ IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ khn-ti-jXsb¥v?

]mcn-ÿn-XnI{]iv\-ßƒ°v Alnwkmkn≤m¥w ]cn-lm-c-ambn \n¿tZ-in-°mtam? hy‡-am-°pI.

k¿h-Po-h-Pm-e-ßfpw IqSn-t®¿∂p≈ kay-°mb PohnXw hn`m-h\w sNbvX Zm¿i-\n-I-\mWv {io_p-≤≥.

Alnw-k-bn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-amb Pohn-X-Z¿i-\-amWv _p≤≥apt∂m- p-h-®-Xv.

Xhf D -b-Po-hn-bm-Wv; Ic-bn-sebpw sh≈-Øn-sebpw Pohn-Isf _‘n-∏n-°p∂ IÆn. Hcp k∂ym-kn-bpsS kz`mhw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p.

N¿®-bn¬ Dcp -Øn -cn -bp∂ {][m\mi-b -ß-fpsS ASn -ÿm-\ -Øn¬Alnwkmkn≤m-¥hpw Xh-f-bpsS ZuXyhpw Ipdn-∏p-I-fm-°-s´.

]Z-t®¿®-Iƒ

hy-X-ykvXkz-`m-h-ap≈ ]Z-t®¿®-Iƒ D≠v. IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-ßƒ tIcf ]mTm-hen bqWn‰v 1 ¬ (C\n Rm\p-W¿∂n-cn-°mw) sImSp-Øn-´p-≠v. ]Z-t®¿®-bpsSkz`mhw Xncn-®-dn™v Ipń-Iƒ ]ńI ]q¿Øn-bm-°-s´.

]ncn-s®-gp-Xnb tN¿sØ-gp-Xnb h¿W-Øn¬ cq]w cq]w h∂ am‰w

s\¬ + aWn s\∑Wn "e' Imcw t]mbn"\' Imcw h∂p.

ag + Xp≈n- - a-g-Øp≈n "X' Imcw Cc-ń-®p.

Xncp + HmWw Xncp-thmWw "h' Imcw h∂p.



apJ-{]-kwKw

hnhn[ ]{X-ß-fnse hy-X-ykvX kz-`m-h-ap≈ apJ-{]-kw-K-ßƒ Ipń-Iƒ tiJ-cn-°s´. NneXv ¢mkn¬ hmbn®v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-Ww. Ah hni-I-e\w sNbvXvN¿®-bn-eqsS apJ-{]-kw-K-Øns‚ kz-`mhw Xncn-®dn-b-Ww.

B\p-Im-enI kw -h-ß-sf-°pdn®p≈ dn-t∏m¿ńMv BWv hm¿Ø-sb-¶n¬ Ahsb hni-I-e\w sNbvXv ]{X-Øn-\p≈ ImgvN-∏mSpwA`n-{]m-bhpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-emWv apJ-{]-kwKw.

hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ kqN-I-ßƒ°v tIcf ]mTm-hen So®¿ sSIvÃnse bqWn‰v c≠v(hmbv°p∂p `qan°v h¿W-ßƒ) t\m°p-I.

]mTm-\p-_‘{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnse kqN-\Iƒ ASn-ÿm-\-am°n Ipń-Iƒ apJ-{]-kw-K-ßƒ Xbm-dm-°-s´.

kwLØn¬ hmbn®v anI-®Xv s]mXp-hmbn Ah-X-cn∏n°s´.

sa®-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv t]m¿´vt^mfn-tbm-bn-te°v

IYm-k-zm-Z\w

Ipń-Iƒ°v ]cn-Nn-X-amb GsX-¶nepw Hcp Ne-®n{XKm\-i-Iew ¢mkn¬tIƒ∏n-°p-∂p.

Km\w Bkz-Zn-°p-∂-Xn\v Ipń-Isf klm-bn® LS-I-ßƒ AhtcmSv tNmZn-®-dnbmw.

♦ CuWw♦ Xmfw♦ kzc-am-[pcyw♦ kmln-Xy-`wKn

Aß-s\-sb-¶n¬ IY Bkz-Zn-°p-∂-Xn\v Fs¥√mw LS-I-ß-fm-Wp-≈-sX∂vIs≠-Øm≥ {ian-°mw. AXn-te-°mbn Ipń-IfpsS \n¿tZ-i-ßƒ IqSn ]cn-K-Wn®v Hcp B-i-b-]Sw t_m¿Un¬ Xbm-dm-°mw.

IY

{]tabw/IYm-hkvXp

Bi-bw kw`hßƒ IYm-]m-{X-ßƒ

$ IY-bpsS

hnhn[

am\-ßƒ.

$ ka-Im-enI

{]k‡n

cN-\m-coXn

`mj IY-bpsS hf¿® BJym-\-coXn

$ {]tbm-K-ßƒ

$ _nw_-ßƒ

$ kw`m-j-W-ßƒ

$ `mhw

DØ-a, a[y-a, {]Ya

]pcp-j-\n-ep≈

BJym\w.

kw`-h-ß-fpsS {Iaw

Xns™-Sp-°p-∂Xnse

HuNnXyw.

hyXykvX hyh-lm-ccq]-ß-fpsS

km[yX.

$

$

$

ebmfwF´mwXcw


a‰p ]mTm-\p-_‘{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eqsS IYsb Bg-Øn¬ a\ n-em-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ tijn Ipń-Iƒ ssIh-cn-®n-cn-°p-a-t√m. Bi-b-X-ehpw cN-\m-X-ehpwa\- n-em°n Bi-b-]-S-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hy‡n-K-X-ambn IYbv°vBkzm-Z\w Xbm-dm-°-s´.

Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ s]mXp-hmbn hmbn®v sa®-s∏-SpØn t]m¿´vt^mfn-tbm-bn¬ kq£n-°mw.

IY-bpsS km[-y-X-Iƒ

Pe-Øn¬ \n∂v D¤-hn® Pohs‚ ]c-º-c-bnse IÆn-Iƒ apdn-bmsX kq£n-

°p-∂-Xn-\mbn Xym-K-]q¿W-amb bm{X \S-Øp∂ PePohn-I-fpsS IY-bm-Wn-Xv.

`qan-bnse kIe Poh-Pm-e-ß-fp-sSbpw \ne-\n¬∏n\pth≠n-bp≈ t]mcm- -Øns‚

{]Xo-I-amWv a’-y-ß-fpsS Cu bm{X.

icn-bmb am¿Kw Is≠-Øm-\m-hmsX hgn-apń\n¬°p-tºmƒ e£-y-Øn-te°v

\bn-°p∂ hgn-Im- n-I-fpsS {]Xn-\n-[n-bmWv IY-bnse Xh-f. Ic-bn-sebpw sh≈-

Øn-sebpw Pohn-Isf _‘n-∏n-°p∂ IÆn-bpw. temINcn-{XsØ KpW-]-c-ambn

kzm-[o-\n® alZv hy-‡n-X-z-ßsf Xhf Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p∂p.

\in-®p-t]mb Imhv, cm£kb{¥-ß-fm¬ `£n-°-s∏´ ]md-Iƒ, ag \ne®p

t]mb BIm-iw, hc-≠p-W-ßnb ]pg-Iƒ XpSßn a\p-j-ys‚ CS-s]-S¬sIm≠v

]cn-ÿn-Xn-°p≠mb BLmXw IY-bn¬ kqNn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. IYm-Ir-Øp-am-

bp≈ C‚¿hyqhoUntbm ¢mkn¬ {]Z¿in-∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

sNdp-IYsNdp-I-Ybv°v At\Iw \n¿h-N-\-ßfp≠v. Ac-a-Wn-°q-dn-\Iw hmbn®pXo¿°m-hp∂ IY. t\mh-en-t\-°mƒ

ZrV-hpw Xo-{hhpw \ofw Ipd-™-Xp-amb KZy\n_-‘w. kw`-h-ßfpw bmZr-—n-I-X-Ifpw \nd-™, NSp-e-ambpw A{]-Xo-£n-X-ambpw ]ptcm-K-an-°p-∂ DtZ-z-K-P-\-I-amb ]cn-Wm-a-Kp-]vXn-bn-eqsS ]cn-k-am-]vXn-bn-se-Øp∂ A\p- -h-ß-fpsSNn{Xo-I-cWw; IpXn-c-tbm´w t]mse XpS-°hpw HSp-°hpw k¿h-{]-[m-\-amb IY FÆ-a‰ CØcw \n¿h-N-\-ß-sf-°p-dn-s®√mw A`n-{]m-b-h-y-X-ym-k-ß-fp-≠v. AXn-\p-Im-cWw \nc-¥-c-amb am‰-ßƒ°pw ]co-£-W-ßƒ°pw hnt[-b-am-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ sNdp-IY \n¿h-N-\-ßƒ°p hg-ßp-∂n√ F∂-Xp-X-s∂. Ht∂m ct≠m kw`-h-ß-sftbm IYm-]m-{X-ß-sftbm tI{μ-am°n t\sc ]d-™p-t]m-Ip∂ IY-b√ B[p-\nI sNdp-IY; AXv t_m[-]q¿hw kwhn-[m\wsNø-s∏´ B[p-\nIIme-L-´-Øn\p tN¿∂ Hcp Iemcq]-am-Wv. `mh-\m-fl-I-amb D]-\-ym-k-ß-fn¬ \n∂mWv B[p-\nI ]m›m-Xy sNdp-IY DZbwsIm≠-sX∂p Icp-Xp-∂-h-cp-ap-≠v.

sNdp-IY sNdnb IY-bm-Wv. AXv henb IY-bpsS kw{K-l-a-√. AXn-\p-≠m-bn-cn-t°≠ G‰hpw henb KpWwGIm-{K-X-bm-Wv. Hcp kw`-h-Øn¬, Hcp IYm-]m-{X-Øn¬, Hcp {]iv\-Øn¬ {i≤ tI{μo-I-cn-®mte GIm-{KX e`n-°q. Ime-tZ-i-{In-ssb-Iyw ]men-®v, BZn-a-[-ym-¥-s∏m-cp-Ø-tØmsS Fgp-X-s∏-Sp∂ sNdp-I-Ybv°v LS-\m-]-c-ambs]mcpØw kzbw e`n-°pw.

sNdp-I-Y-bnse ]m{X-kr-jvSn-bnepw kw`m-j-W-Ønepw {]tX-yIw a\- n-cp-Ø-Ww. a\p-j-ys‚ s]mXpkz-`mhw\n¿[m-cWw sNbvXv ssS∏p-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ hnj-a-an-√. F∂m¬ hy-‡n-X-z-ap≈ IYm-]m-{X-ß-sfbpw kzm-`m-hn-Ihpw a\p-tjym-Nn-X-hp-amb sNbvXn-I-sfbpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ Pohn-Xm-\p-`-hhpw kq£vam-h-tem-I\ kma¿YyhpwthWw. sNdp-I-Y-bn¬ IS-∂p-h-cp∂ IYm-]m-{X-ßƒs°√mw Hcp-t]mse {]m[m-\-y-ap-≠v. hy-‡n-I-sf∂ \ne-bn¬Ah-cpsS \ne-\n¬∏pw k©m-chpw kw`m-j-Whpw a‰pw {]tX-yI hy-‡n-X-zsØ {]Xn- -en-∏n-°-Ww. Ah-cpsS kw`m-jWw a\p-j-y¿ kwkm-cn-°p∂ coXn-bnemh-Ww.

sNdp-IYbn¬ Ht´sd BJ-ym-\-k-{º-Zm-b-ß-fp-≠v. H‰ kw`m-jWw t]mep-an-√msX IY-bm-hmw. kw`m-jWwam{X-ambpw IY-bp-≠m-hmw. Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ ho£-W-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v coXn-Iƒ°pw hy-X-ymkw hcp-∂p. k¿h-h-ym-]vXnbpw k¿h-⁄m-\n-bp-amb IYm-IrØv F√mw Adn-bp-∂p F∂ coXn-bmWv s]mXpsh kzo-I-cn-®p-Im-Wp-∂-Xv.



Im\w: tUmI-yp-sa‚ddn ˛ _m_p -Im-{ºØv `qan°v Hcp Nc-a-KoXw- ˛ H.F≥.hn. Ipdp∏v Imhp-Xo-≠t√ ˛ kpK-X-Ip-amcn F≥aIsP ˛ Aw_n-Im-kp-X≥ amßmSv ImSn-s\ sN∂v sXmSp-tºmƒ ˛ F≥. F. \ko¿ a’yw ˛ Sn.]n. cmPo-h≥ tIc-f-Ønse hnip-≤-h-\-ßƒ ˛ tUm. C. DÆn-Ir-jvW≥

A[n-I-hm-b-\bv°pw ImgvNbv°pw

In´pw ]W-sa-¶n-en-t∏mƒ

a\p--]p-{X-\mb DØm-\-]mZ -a-lm-cm-Pm-hn\v c≠p mc-y-am-cp-≠m-bn-cp∂p; kpcp-Nnbpwkp\o-Xn-bpw. kpcpNn kuμ-cy{]I¿j-Ømepw kp\oXn DØaKpW-ß-fmepw ]cn-tim- n-®p. DØm-\-]m-Z\v kpcp-Nn-bn¬ DØ-a\pw kp\o-Xn-bn¬ {[ph\pw P\n-®p.

cmP-t`m-K-ßsf sNm√n Ccp-cm-⁄n-amcpw AI¬®-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p. cmPm-hns\sNm¬∏-Sn°p \n¿Øm≥ kpcp-Nn°p Ign-™p. Hcn-°¬ DØm-\-]m-Zs‚ aSn-Ø-ń¬ Ib-dn-bn-cp∂ {[phs\ kpcpNn X√n-bn-d-°n-hn-´p. A—s‚ aSn-bn-en-cn-°m≥\n\-°-√, Fs‚ aI-\mWv Ah-Im-i-sa∂v kpcpNn ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

ZpxJn-X-\mb {[ph≥ AΩsb kao-]n®v k¶Sw ]d-™p. `K-hm≥ hnjvWp-hns\ icWw {]m]n-®m¬ k¶-S-ßƒ°v Adp-Xn-bp-≠m-hp-sa∂v kp\oXn aIs\D]-tZ-in-®p. hnjvWp-`-K-hms‚ Xncp-\m-a-ß-fp-cp-hn´psIm≠v {[ph≥ Imń-te°p]pd-s∏-´p. Imń-se-Ønb {[phs‚ hnjvWp-`-‡nbpw hn\-bm-Zn-Kp-W-ßfpw I≠vap\n-h-c-y-∑m¿ hnkva-b- -cn-X-cmbn. Ah¿ {[ph\v £n-°m≥ e-aq-em-Zn-Iƒ \¬In.

Imńepw ]md-s°- p-I-fnepw \n¿`bw Ae-™p-Xn-cn™ {[phs\ Hcn-°¬ \mcZ-al¿jn ImWm-\n-S-bm-bn. \mc-Zs‚ \n¿tZ-i-{]-Imcw {[ph≥ bap\mXocØvhnjvWp-hn¬ a\- ¿∏n®v X]- n¬ apgp-In. {[phs‚ X] v AXn-I-Tn-\-am-bn-cp-∂p. izm-k-a-S°n H‰-°m-en¬ \n∂p X]w sNøp∂ B Ipam-cs‚ {hX-\njvTI≠v {]]©w \n›-e-am-bn. b⁄-ßƒ apS-ßn. Cutc-gp-tem-Ihpw `b∂p hnd-®p. tZhZm\h-∑m¿ HsØm-cp-an®v sshIp-WvT-Øn-seØn A\-¥-im-bn-bmbhnjvWp-hns\ I≠v ]cn-tZ-h\w \SØn.

`K-hm≥ Kcp-U-hm-l-\-Øn¬ {[phs‚ kao-]-sØ-Øn. tZh-∑m-sc√mw AhnsSk∂n-ln-X-cm-bn-cp-∂p. K-h¬∏m-Z-ß-fn¬ {]W-an® {[phs\ hnjvWp`K-hm≥ ]nSn-s®-gp-t∂¬∏n®v Ahs‚ Ihn-fn¬ Xtem-Sn. ]Xn-\m-bncw Znh-y-kw-h-’-c-ßƒ{[ph≥ cmPyw `cn-°p-sa∂pw ]n∂oSv A\izc tXP m¿∂ \£-{X-ambn ({[ph-\-£-{Xw) temI-ap≈ Ime-tØmfw \ne-sIm-≈p-sa∂pw `K-hm≥ A\p-{K-ln-®p.

{[ph≥ Imń¬ Ae-bp∂ ImeØv \mc-Z-ap\n \mńse Pohn-Xm-h-ÿ-I-sf-∏-‰nbpw a\p-jys‚ taml-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw {[ph-t\mSv ]d-bp∂ Imcy-ß-fmWv ]mT-`m-K-Øp-≈-Xv.

ebmfwF´mwXcw



]mTm-h-X-cWw

kmaq-lnI{]k-‡n-bp≈ Hcp Im¿´q¨ ¢mkn¬ {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p. Im¿´q¨\n¿h-ln-°p∂ kmaq-lnI[¿Ω-ßƒ N¿®sNø-s´.

kqN-\Iƒ♦ Bt£]lmk-y-Øn-eq-sS-bp≈ kmaq-lnIhna¿i\w.♦ A\m-bm-k-amb Bibkwth-Z\w.♦ kmaq-lnIhna¿i\w hy-X-y-kvX- Im-e-ß-fn¬, hy-X-ykvX cq]-ß-fn¬

\ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p.

A[ym-]nI N¿®-bn¬ CS-s]´psIm≠v B[p-\n-I-Im-eØv XpSßn Ip©≥\ºym-cn¬ Ah-km-\n°pw hn[w ae-bm-f-Ønse Bt£-]-lm-ky-Im-c≥amscIpń-Iƒ°v ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

(Im¿´q-Wn-Ãp-Iƒ, hn.sI.F≥. Aø-∏-∏Wn-°¿, sNΩ\w Nmt°m, kpIp-am¿,C.hn. IrjvW-]n≈, kRvP-b-≥, Ip©≥\º-ym¿....)

XpS¿∂v GXm\pw tNmZy-ß-fn-eqsS ]mTm-h-X-c-W-Øn-te°v...

C∂-sØ-°m-eØv kmaq-lnIhna¿i-\-Øn¬ Im¿´q-Wp-Iƒ \n¿h-ln-°p∂ ]s¶¥v?

Ip©≥ \º-ym¿ At±-l-Øns‚ ImesØ kmaq-lnIPohn-X-Øn¬ CS-s]-´-sX-ßs\?

sF.kn.Sn. klm-b-tØmsS ]mTw ¢mkn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-hp-∂-XmWv ({[ph-N-cnXw Xp≈¬ bqSq-_n¬ e`-y-am-Wv).

Xp≈¬∏m´v kwL-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°¬

Ipń-Iƒ kwL-ßfm-bn-Øn-cn™v ]mT-`mKw ]mSn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´. anI-®XvIs≠Øn Xp≈-ens‚ Xmfw a\- n¬ Dd-∏n-°-s´.

kqN-I-ßƒ♦ Xp≈¬∏mńs‚ ]c-º-cm-KX Xmfw♦ A£ckv^pSX♦ kwL-t_m[w♦ `mhw♦

IhnX hmbn-®-Xn-\p-tijw kaIm-enI{]k-‡n-bp≈ Fs¥ms° kmaq-lnIhnj-b-ßƒ ]mT- m-KØv ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂p F∂v Ipń-Iƒ Is≠Øn {]Xn-I-cn°-s´.

{]Xn-I-c-W-ßƒ ]ń-I-s∏-Sp-Øp-at√m.

]Ww In´m≥ F¥pw sNøp∂ Ahÿ. Zpcm-{Klw kzm¿Ye£-y-tØm-sS-bp≈ cmP-tkh. \qW-]-d-®n¬ NXn, ssI°qen klmbw A¿ln-°p-∂-hsc ]cn-K-Wn-°mØ Ahÿ.



cmP-tk-h-I-cpsS A\mÿ. Zpcm-{K-lw-sIm≠v s]m´-°-hn-Xbpw kmln-X-yhpw cNn-°p-∂-h¿. AwKo-Imcw Inń-bm¬ am{Xw t]mc -[-\hpw IqSn B{K-ln-°p-

∂h¿ {Zh-y-ap-≠m-°m-\p≈ hnhn[ {ia-ßƒ £W- w-Kp-c-amb PohnXw \ne-\n¿-Øm≥ a\p-j-y¿ \S-Øp∂ ]cm-

{Ia-ßƒ.

¢mkn¬ \S∂ N¿®-bn¬\n∂v, ]Ww kºm-Zn-°m≥ a\p-jy≥ Fs¥ms°am¿K-ß-fmWv kzoI-cn-°p-∂-sX∂v Ipń-Iƒ Is≠Øn hy‡n-KX-ambn Fgp-Xp-∂p.

aq°n¬ hnc¬ X≈n \n¬°p-∂-h¿ ˛ a‰p-≈-h-cpsS ap∂n¬ hnt[-b--s∏´p \n¬°p-∂-h¿

kam-\m-i-b-ap-ff hcn-Iƒ Is≠-Ø¬

]q¥m-\-Øns‚ "⁄m\-∏m-\'-bnse hcn-Iƒ ¢mkn¬ {]Z¿in-∏n-°mw.

""A¿Y-sa-{X.............

.............................................

....................aXn-sb∂pw''

hcn-I-fpsS Bi-b-sØ-∏‰n N¿® \SØn t{ImUo-I-cn-°-s´.♦ kº-sØ-{X-bp-≠m-bmepw a\p-jy\v Xr]vXn hcp-∂n√♦ [\w In´pw-tXmdpw IqSp-X¬ thW-sa-∂v B{Klw

kam-\m-i-b-ap≈ hcn-Iƒ ]mT-`m-KØp \n∂v Is≠-Ømw.

""]´p In´p-sºmgpw kt¥m-j-an-√-h˛

s\m´p ]Ww-IqsS aptº \n\-bv°-bm¬

hoc-hm-fn-∏´p Inń-sb-∂m-Inepw

t]mcm Xcn-hf In´p-hm-\m-{Klw''

Xp≈¬°-hnXmcN\

Ipń-Iƒ kwL-ß-fmbn Xncn-bp-∂p.

Hmtcm kwLhpw A\p- -h-]-cn-k-cØp\n∂v {]Xn-I-c-W-tbm-Ky-amb hnj-b-ßƒIs≠-Ø-s´.

Is≠-Ønb hnj-b-ß-sf-°p-dn®v N¿®-sNbvXv Xp≈¬∏m-ńs‚ coXn-bn¬hy‡n-KXcN\ \n¿h-ln-°p∂p.

hnjbkqN-\Iƒ♦ amen-\y-{]iv\w♦ KXm-K-X-{]iv\w♦ ip≤-P-e-Zu¿e`yw

Ipń-I-fpsS cN\ ]c-kv]cw hmbn-°m≥ Ah-kcw \¬In hne-bn-cpØn]Xn∏m°m-a-t√m.

ebmfwF´mwXcw


]Xn∏v Xbm-dm-°¬

hnhn[ kmaq-lnIhnj-b-ßƒ {]ta-b-ambn hcp∂ GXm\pw Im¿´qWpIƒ,Imcn-t°-®dpIƒ, Im¿´qÏhnX F∂nh ¢mkn¬ {]Z¿in∏n-°mw. kam-\-kz- m-h-ap≈ krjvSn-Iƒ tiJ-cn®v Ah \n¿h-ln-°p∂ hna¿i-\-]-c-amb kmaq-lnI[¿Ωw Is≠-Øn Ipń-Iƒ ]Xn∏v Xbm-dm-°s´.

]Xn-∏n\v BI¿j-I-amb t]cpw FUn-t‰m-dn-bepw tN¿Øv at\m-l-c-am-°p-a-t√m.

Cu {]h¿Ø\w XpS¿aq-ey-\n¿W-b-Øn\v ]cn-K-Wn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

]Xn∏v Xbm-dm-°p-tºmƒ {i≤n-t°≠Xv

1. ]Xn-∏ns‚ kz`mhw* Ime-]-cn-K-W\* hyh-lm-c-cq-]-ß-fpsS sshhn[yw.* hnj-b-ssh-hn[yw* Ah-X-c-W-Ønse hyXy-kvXX.

2. ]Xn-∏ns‚ cq]w* ka-{K-Xbpw BI¿j-IXzhpw* ASn-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ

*

ka-Im-enI{]k‡n

""hnZ-y-Iƒ a‰p-≈-sX√mw hrYm-Xs∂sshZyw ]Tn-°Ww {Zh-y-ap-≠m--°p-hm≥''.

Cu hcn-Iƒ Nm¿ń¬ {]Z¿in-∏n-°p∂p. Ah-bpsS B\p-Im-enI{]k‡n Ipń-Iƒ kwLß-fmbnØncn™v Is≠-Ø-s´.

cq]wsIm≠ A`n-{]mbw Ipdn-∏p-I-fmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

kqN-\-Iƒ

* kmaq-lnI{]Xn-_-≤-X-bn-√mØ ip{iq-jm-cwKw C∂pw A∂p-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂pF∂ Bibw Ipdn-∏n¬ Dƒs∏-S-Ww.

NphsS \¬In-b hcn-Ifpw CtX-t]mse hymJym-\n-°p-at√m

""t«mIw Nabv°pw ]Z-ßfpw \n¿Ωn-°p˛taI≥ Zpcm-{KlwsIm≠Xp sNøp∂p''

{]Xn-_-≤-X-bn-√mØ kmln-Xy-c-N\.

""B´w ]Tn-°p∂p Nm´w ]Tn-°p∂psIm´p ]Tn-°p∂p ]m´p km[n-°p∂p''

{]Xn-_-≤-X-bn-√mØ Iem-]-T\w.

""BbXn thW-sa-∂m¬ ]Ww In´p-sa˛∂mbp-[-hn-Zy-s°m-cp-h≥ Xp\n-bp∂p''

em`-Øn\p th≠n am{X-ap≈ Imbn-I-]-T\w.

""a{¥-hmZw ]Tn-°p∂p Nne¿ ]ns∂a{¥-ß-tfm-tcm-s∂-gp-Xn-s°m-Sp-°p∂p''

{]Xn-_-≤-X-bn-√mØ kmaq-ln-I-tk-h\w

Xbm-dm-°nb Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n®v sa®-s∏-SpØn Fgp-Xmw.



k‰b¿ ˛ Bt£-]-lm-kyw

a\p-j-y-cpsS kz-cq-]-Ønepw kz-`m-h-Ønepw Nn¥-I-fnepw hnIm-cßfnepw

{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw ImWp∂ sshI-e-y-ß-sfbpw A\u-Nn-X-y-ß-sfbpw Nq≠n-

°m-´p-Ibpw ]cn-l-kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ lmkycq]-amWv k‰-b¿ ˛ Bt£-]-

lm-kyw˛F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

F√m P\-k-ap-Zm-b-ßƒ°pw a\p-j-ys‚ kz-cq-]-sØbpw kz-`m-h-sØbpw Pohn-

X-sØbpw kw_-‘n®v Nne BZ¿i--ßfp≠v. F∂m¬ a\p-j-y≥ {]mtbW

B BZ¿iØn¬ \n∂v AI∂p \n¬°p∂-Xm-bn- mWv ImWp-∂-Xv. BZ¿ihpw

bmYm¿Yyhpw XΩn¬ \ne-\n∂p t]mcp∂ Cu A¥cw Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®v, AXns‚

t\¿°p hnc¬Nq≠m-\pw Ign-hp-≈n-S-tØmfw AXns\ AI-‰m\pw {i≤n-°p-I-

bmWv k‰-b¿ sNtø-≠-Xv.

(lmky-Z¿i\w-˛tas°m√ ]c-ta-iz-c≥]n≈)

Xp≈¬{]kvYm\w

Ip©≥\ºym-cpsS Xp≈¬°-Y-I-fn¬ BZy-tØXv Ieym-W-ku-K-‘nIw ioX-

¶¬Xp-≈¬ BsW-∂mWp ]c-s°-bp≈ hnizm-kw. CXv icn-bm-bn-cn-°mw.

F∂m¬, \ºym-cpsS BZysØ IhnX kuK-‘n-I-am-sW∂p Icp-Xm≥ {]bm-

k-am-Wv. Ihn-Xm-c-N\ P∑-kn-≤-am-bn-cp∂ \ºym¿ \t∂ sNdp-∏-Øn¬Øs∂

Ihn-Xm-c-N\ Bcw-`n-®n-cn-°-Ww. hnZym-`ym-k-tØm-sSm∏w Ihn-I¿Ω-Øn-ep≈

A`ym-khpw At±lw XpS¿∂n-´p-≠m-h-Ww. XpS-°-°m-c-\mb Hcp Ihn-X-°m-

cs‚ ssI°p-‰-∏m-S-√, Ieym-W-ku-K-‘n-Iw. hn]p-e-amb {KŸ-]-cn-⁄m-\hpw

Akq-bm¿l-amb ]Z-kzm-[o-\hpw KWy-amb temI-]-cn-N-bhpw anI® `mjm-

]m-fin-Xyhpw t\Sn-°-gn™ IrX-l-kvX-\mb Hcp Ihn-sb-bmWv B IrXn-bn-

eqsS \mw ImWp-∂-Xv.

Aº-e-∏pg t£{X-Øn¬ IqØn\p angmhp sImń-s°m-≠n-cns° Dd°w

Xqßn angm-hp-sIm-ń¬ hogvN-h-cp-Øn-b-Xn\v Ip©≥\-ºymsc NmIym¿ ITn-\-

ambn ]cn-l-kn-®p-sh∂pw A[n-£n-]vX-\mb \ºym¿ A∂p cm{Xn Ieym-W-

ku-K-‘nIw Xp≈¬ cNn®v ASpØ Znhkw IqØns‚ ka-bØv t£{X-Øns‚

as‰mcp `mKØv Hm´≥Xp-≈-embn Ac-tßdn IqØp tIƒ°m-\m-fn-√mØ

Ahÿ krjvSn-®p-sh-∂p-ap≈ IY {]kn-≤-am-Wv. ]t£, C∂v Cu IY AtX-

]Sn hngp-ßm≥ Ign-bp-∂-h¿ Npcp-ßpw. Ieym-W-ku-K-‘nIw Xp≈¬ Hcp cm{Xn-

sIm-W-ASp cNn-®tXm Xp≈¬ F∂ Iem-cq]w GXm\pw aWn-°q¿sIm≠p

Nn´-s∏-SpØn FSp-ØtXm BIm≥ Xc-an√. AsX√mw t\ctØ \S-∂n-cn-°-

Ww. Xms\gp-Xnb Xp≈¬°Y Ac-ßØv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v NmIym-cpsS

]cn-lm-kw Ip©≥\-ºym¿°v Hcp Xm¬°m-enI t{]c-W-bmbnØo¿∂n-cn-°mw.

Ipń-°mew apX¬ NmIym¿Iq-Øp-ambn _‘-s∏-ń-cp∂ \ºym-sc, ]pcm-W-I-

Ym-I-Y-\-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ NmIym-∑m¿ \S-Øp∂ hna¿i-\-ßfpw ]cn-lm-k-{]-tbm-

Kßfpw hfsc BI¿jn-®n-cn-°-Ww. AXp-t]m-se-Øs∂ Ip´-\m-ńepw a[y-Xn-

cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ {]tZ-i-ß-fnepw {]Np-c-{]-Nm-c-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ ]S-b-Wn-bp-ambpw

Ip©≥\-ºym¿°v KmV-]-cn-Nbw kn≤n-®n-cp-∂p-sh∂p Xo¿®-bm-Wv. cpIvan-Wo-

kz-bw-hcw Xp≈-en¬,

ebmfwF´mwXcw


""]s≠mcp ]S-bWn Im◊m≥ \tΩ-˛

s°m≠p ]pd-s∏-´m\o hnZzm≥

sN≠-°m-c≥ sN√p-t∂-S˛

Øp≠mw hm»-Xp-samcp sshjayw

A°-sc-bp-s≈mcp Xp≈-°m-c≥

sXt°-Ø-t´¬ h∂p Itcdn

]d-b≥IY sNm¬hm-s\mcp KW-]Xn

Ipd-sb-s®m-√n-Øp-≈p-t∂cw

[rjvS-s\m-cp-Ø≥ h∂p hS-t°˛

Øt´¬ tIdn-Øp-≈¬ XpSßn''

F∂n-ßs\ \ºym¿ hnh-cn-®n- p-≈Xp ImWp-I. ]S-b-Wn-Øp-≈-enepw ]e thj-

°m-cmb \S-∑m¿ \m´p-h¿Ø-am-\-ßfpw kw`-h-ßfpw ên-X-]-cn-lm-k-ßƒ

Ie¿Øn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ ]m´p-Iƒ ]mSn-Øp-≈p∂ G¿∏m-Sp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A«o-

e-sa-∂p-t]mepw ]d-bm-hp∂ "t]°Y'Ifpw ]m´p-I-fmbn \S-∑m¿ ]mSn-Øp-≈n-bn-

cp-∂p. ]S-b-Wn-Øp-≈-ens‚ Hcp ]cn-jvIr-X-cq-]-amWv Hm´≥Xp-≈-se∂p ]d-

™m¬ AXp `mKn-I-ambn kXy-am-bn-cn-°pw. AXp-t]m-se-Øs∂, "Xp≈epIƒ

hrØ-\n-b-a-tØmSpIqSn A`n-\-bn-°-s∏-Sp∂ NmIym¿IqØp-I-fm-sW∂v' A`n-{]m-

bhpw mKn-I-ambn kXy-am-Wv. ]S-b-Wn-Øp-≈-en-sebpw IqØn-sebpw Nne Nne

Awi-ßƒ tNcpw-]Sn tN¿Ø-XmWv Hm´≥Xp-≈¬ F∂p ]d-™m¬ AXp sX‰m-

hp-I-bn-√.

Xp≈¬ hn`m-K-ßƒ

tIc-f-Ønse {]mNo-\hpw kº-∂-hp-amb Hcp Iemcq]w. Xp≈¬ aq∂p-hn-[-ap≠v

˛ Hm´≥, ioX-¶≥, ]d-b≥ F∂n-ßs\. thjw, \rØcoXn, ]mńse hrØ-ßƒ

F∂n-hsb kw_-‘n®v aq∂p-Xp-≈-ep-Iƒ°pap≈ hyXym-k-amWv Cu hn`-P-\-

Øn-\Snÿm\w F∂p Icp-Xn-t∏m-cp-∂p. F¶nepw Cu kw⁄-I-fpsS A¿Y-

sØ-∏‰n hn`n-∂-a-X-ßƒ \ne-hn-ep-≠v. Hm´≥, Hm´mfn F∂ 9 ]Z-ßƒ ZqX-s\∂

A¿Y-Øn¬ \ºym¿Xs∂ {]tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v. HmSp∂ ZqX-s\-t∏mse {ZpX-K-Xn-

bn-em-b-Xp-sIm≠v Xcw-KnWohrØ- {]Npcamb Xp≈-ep-I-sf√mw Hm´-\m-sb∂v

Hcp ]£w. IWn-bm≥am-cpsS am{¥nII¿Ω-amb tImewXp≈-en-ep≈ sFizcy

K‘¿hs‚ thj-amWv Hm´-s\∂p as‰m-cp- ]£w. Hm´≥ F∂Xv D]m-[ym-b≥

F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ {]mIrXw hgn-°p≈ X¤-h-cq-]-am-sW∂v C\n-bp-samcp ]£w.

Dh-®≥, Hm®≥, Hm´≥ Fs∂√mw hy]-tZ-in-°p-∂Xv \´p-h-s\-bm-Wv. hmZyw-sImń

Xmf-an-Sp∂ \´p-h-\mWv \ºym¿. ioX-¶-]-Z-Øn-\p-ap≠v hypev]-Øn-I-f-\-h-[n. IpS-

h-bdpw `mfi-s°´pw a‰p-ap≈ Cń-°-≠-∏-\m-Wt{X ioX-¶≥. Nne-cpsS ZrjvSn-

bn¬ ioX-¶-s\-∂Xv ]d-b-cpsS CS-bn-ep≈ Hcp t]cm-Wv. "{]Xn⁄m buK-‘-

cm-bW'Ønse {`m¥s‚ thj-Øn\v ioX-¶-th-j-Øn-t\mSp kmZriyw ImWp∂p

Nne¿. Nne¿°v tZinw-K-\m-S≥, XWp-∏≥ (ioX-I≥), {ioX-¶-thm≥ F∂pw a‰p-

amWv A¿∞w. amcm¿ F∂ A¥-cm-f-P-\-amhmw ioX-¶≥ F∂pw Hc-`n-{]mbw

Db¿∂n-´p-≠v. ]d-b≥Xp≈-en-s\-∏‰n \ºym¿ Xs∂ Nne hnh-c-ßƒ \¬Ip-∂p-

≠v. ]d-b≥ F∂-Xn\v ]dbp-∂-h≥ F∂mWv At±-l-Øns‚ \ncp-‡n. ]d-b\pw

ioX-¶\pw Hm´-s\∂ \´p-h\pw \ºymcpw hmZy-a-Sn-°p∂ Xmf-⁄≥am-cm-Wv.

]d-b-s\∂ ]Z-Øn\v ]d-b-Sn-°p-∂-h-s\-∂¿Y-ap-≠v. Nne ]d-b≥ Ieym-Ww, ih-



kw-kvIm-cw, {Kmtam-’-h-ßƒ F∂o kμ¿`-ß-fn¬ hmZy-°m-cmbn {]h¿Øn-®n-

cp-∂-Xmbn ImƒUz¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. imkvXm-hv, Imfn, inh≥ apX-em-b-

hsc {]Xn-jvTn-®n-´p≈ t£{X-ß-fn¬ am{Xta BZy-Im-eØv Xp≈¬ \S-Øn-bn-

cn-°m≥ CS-bp≈q F∂p Ncn-{X-Im-c≥am¿ Duln-°p-∂p. {]tXy-In®pw ]d-b≥Xp-

≈¬ t£{X-Øn\p ]pd-Øm-bn-cn-°pw. ]d-b-\-√m-Ø-h≥ ]d-bs‚ thj-sa-Sp-

Ø-t∏mtg ]d-b≥Xp-≈-en\v D≈n¬ ÿm\w \¬In-bn- p-≠m-hp-I-bp-≈q. Xp≈¬

Hcp hn[w \rØ-am-Wv. AXn¬ Xp≈p-h≥ Hcp IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ thjw sI´p-

∂n√. \mSy[¿Ωn-b-\p-k-cn®v Hcm-Jym-Xm-hns‚ thj-amWv AWn-bp-I. BJym-

Xmhv \ºym-sc∂ Hm´-t\m -am-cm-sc∂ ioX-¶t\m ]m°-\m¿ h¿KØn¬s∏´

]d-bt\m Bhmw.

\º-ym-cpsS ]mfin--Xyw

"`mj-bmbv ]d-hm-\p-a-Sn-b\p kwkvIr-X-Øn-ep-sam-∂p-t]m¬ tZmj-lo-\-]-Sp-X-z-

ap≠v' F∂v IoN-I-h[w ]d-b≥Xp-≈-en¬ Ip©≥\-º-ym¿ \n -tμlw {]Jym-

]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. kwkvIr-X-Øn¬ Ih\w sNøm-\p≈ Ignhv Nne Xp≈¬°hnX-

I-fn¬ At±lw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn- p-≠v. ImØ-hocym¿Pp\-hn-P-b-Øn¬,

""Nn{X-tbm-[n-sbmSp kwkvIr-X-am-bn˛

´{X-am-{X-a-cpƒ sNbvXp Zim-k-y≥''

F∂p ]d-™n´v "Zim-k-ys‚' hm°p-Iƒ ip≤ kwkvIr-X-Øn¬Øs∂ \n_-

‘n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. thsd-bp-ap≠v CØcw mK-ßƒ. CXn-lmk]pcm-W-ßfpw Imhy-

\m-S-I-ßfpw IYmkcn-Xvkm-K-cw, ]©-X{¥w XpS-ßnb IrXn-Ifpw Nºp-°fpw

kwkvIr-X-Ønse ]e hym-I-c-W-{K-Ÿ-ßfpw At±lw ]Tn-®n-cp-∂p. kwKo-Xw,

sshZ-yw, tPym-Xn-jw, a{¥-hm-Zw, X{¥w, thZm¥w apX-emb hnj-b-ß-fn¬ kmam-

\-y-⁄m-\-sa-¶nepw \º-ym¿ t\Sn-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw Xp≈¬°-Y-I-fn-eqsS shfn-

s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. Iph-e-bm-\-μw, DØ-c-cm-a-N-cn-{Xw, _me-`m-c-Xw, imIp-¥-fw, ]©-

X-{¥w, amLw, ss\j-[w, ap{Zm-cm-£kw XpS-ßnb At\Iw kwkvIrX

{KŸßfn¬\n∂v kμ¿`m-\p-k-cWw Bi-b-ßƒ kzo-I-cn®v Xp≈¬∏m´p-I-fn¬

k∂n-th-in® \º-ym-cpsS ]mfin-X-yhpw {KŸ-]-cn-N-bhpw H´pw XmW-X-c-Øn¬

s]-´-Xm-bn-cp-∂n-√.

kmam-\y-P-\-ß-fpsS Ihn

kwkvIr-X-]m-fin-Xyhpw kwkvIr-X-Øn¬ IhnX cNn-°m-\p≈ Ignhpw t\Sn-

bn-cp∂ Ip©≥\-ºym¿ \m´p-`m-j-bn¬ IhnX Fgp-Xm≥ Xp\n-™Xv F¥p-sIm-

≠mWv? k`m-{]-thiw Xp≈-en¬

""`S-P-\-ßsS \Sp-hn-ep-s≈mcp ]S-b-Wn-°n-l-tN-cp-hm≥

hSn-hn-b-s∂mcp Nmcp-tI-c-f-`m-j-Xs∂ NnXw hcq'' F∂p-≠v.

AXmWv Imcyw. kwkvIr-X-Øn¬ Imhy-c-N\ \n¿h-ln®v Hcp sNdnb \yp\-]-

£-Øns‚ am{Xw ssIbSn hmßn-°-gn-bm≥ \ºym¿°v Xm¬∏-cy-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-

√. kmam-\y-P-\-ßsf ap∂n¬ I≠p-sIm≠v Ah¿°p th≠n-bm-bn-cn-°Ww Xm≥

XqenI FSp-t°-≠-sX∂p \n›bn°pIbpw A°mcyw Dds° hnfn®p ]d-bp-

Ibpw sNbvX BZysØ tIc-fob alm-I-hn-bmWv Ip©≥\-ºym¿. P∑-kn-≤-

amb Ihn-Xm-hm-k-\-tbm-sSm∏w P∑-kn-≤-amb ên-X-t_m-[hpw ]cn-lm-k-Nm-

Xp-cnbpw D≠m-bn-cp∂ \ºym¿°v kmam-\y-P-\-ßsf ckn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Nncn-∏n-

°p-Ibpw Nn¥n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂- X-c-Ønte Ihn-Xm-c-N\ km[y-am-bn-cp-∂p-

ebmfwF´mwXcw


≈q. Cu aq∂p e£y-ßfpw \nd-th-‰m-\p-X-Ip∂ mjbpw ssienbpw IY-Ifpw

D]-I-Y-Ifpw h¿W-\-Ifpw hnh-c-W-ßfpw hna¿i-\-ßfpw D]-tZ-i-ßfpw \ºym-

cpsS Xp≈¬°-Y-I-fn¬ kar-≤n-bmbpw ka¿Yambpw hn\n-th-in-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

Hm´≥, ioX-¶¬, ]d-b≥ F∂n-ßs\ Xp≈¬°-Y-I-fn¬ aq∂p hn`m-K-ap-

≈-Xn-s\-°p-dn®p ]ecpw Zo¿L-ambn D]-\y-kn-®n- p-≠v. "Hm´≥Xp-≈¬' bYm¿Y-

Øn¬ "Hm´w-Xp≈' emWv. \ºym¿ Xp≈¬Ir-Xn-I-fn¬ ]te-SØpw Hm´w-Xp-

≈¬ F∂p-X-s∂-bmWv {]tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈-Xpw.

Xs‚ Ihn-X-ap-tJ\ kmam-\y-P-\-ßsf ckn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Ah-cn¬ [¿Ωm-

[¿Ωhn-th-I-ap-W¿Øp-Ibpw sNø-W-sa∂v B{K-ln® \ºym¿ CXn-hr-Ø-ß-

fmbn kzoI-cn-®Xv ]pcm-W-I-Y-I-sf-Ø-s∂-bmWv. NmIym¿Iq-Øn-s\-bmWv C°m-

cy-Øn¬ At±lw amXr-I-bm-°n-b-Xv. ]t£, ]pcm-W-I-Y-Isf AtX-]Sn "]mń-

em°n'bm¬ km[m-c-W-°m¿°v ckn-°p-I-bn-s√∂p \ºym¿°p tXm∂n. P\-

km-am-\y-Øns‚ A`n-cp-Nn-Ifpw ck-hm-k-\-Ifpw \∂mbn Adn-™n-cp∂p At±-

lw.

""Imen-Im-e-ß-fn-ep≈ am\pj¿°p IY tI´m¬

ên-X-ap-≈tX \√Iq ]e¿°p-a-ß-s\-Xs∂''

F∂v "l\pa-Zp-Zv`-h'-Øn-epw,

"Nncn-°p∂ IY tI´m-en-cn°pw Bb-X-s√-¶n¬ Xncn°pw' F∂v "Ipw`-I¿W-h-

['-Ønepw At±lw km[m-c-W-°m-cpsS at\m-`mhw hy‡-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

P\-ßsf ckn-∏n-°m-\p-X-Ip∂ h¿W-\-Ifpw hna¿i-\-ßfpw ]cn-lm-k-{]-tbm-

K-ßfpw Dƒs°m-≈n-°m≥ ]‰p∂hn[w IY-I-fn¬ sNdnb hyXn-bm-\-ßƒ hcp-

Øm\pw D]-I-Y-Iƒ LSn-∏n-°m\pw {]Xn-]m-Z-\-Øn¬ sshhn[yw hcp-Øm\pw

\ºym¿ D’p-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p. \mbm- v, kZy, bp≤w, hnhmlw F∂n-h-bpsS h¿W-

\-I-fn-eqsS ]e Xc-°m-cmb Bfp-I-fpsS \nXy-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ {]I-S-am-Ip∂

{]mIr-X-`m-h-ßƒ \ºym¿ hni-Z-ambn Nn{Xo-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v.

{]Xn-]m-Z-\-Ønse GIm-¥X Hgn-hm-°m≥, CS-bv°n-Sbv°v n∂ hrØ-ßƒ

D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn Ahn-S-hnsS kw`m-j-W-cq-]-Øn-em°n Xp≈¬∏m-´v. Nnte-S-

ß-fn¬ tNmtZym-Ø-c-cq-]-Ønepw kw`m-j-W-ßƒ \n_-‘n-®p. IqØn-se-t∏mse

kwkvIr-Xt«m-I-ßƒ D≤-cn®v A¿Yhni-Zo-I-cWw \¬In-bn-cn-°p∂p Nne

Xp≈¬°-Y-I-fn¬. CXn-s\ms°∏pd-ta-bmWv Aßnßv cmK-Xm-f-k-a-\zn-X-amb

Km\-ßƒ Dƒs°m-≈n-®n-cn -°p-∂-Xv. GXp-Xcw A`n-cp-Nn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb

t{imXmhn\pw ckn-°m-\p≈ hI Xp≈¬∏m-´p-I-fn-ep-≠v. a\p-jy¿ `n∂-cp-Nn-

I-fm-sW∂ t_m[w, Hmtcm Xp≈¬°-Y-bpsS cN-\-bnepw At±lw ]pe¿Øn-

bn-cn-°p-∂p.

tIc-f-Øn-te°p ]dn-®p-\´ ]pcm-W-I-Y-Iƒ

Ip©≥\-ºym¿ tZh-tem-I-Ønepw ssIem-k-Ønepw Ipfin--\]q-cn-bn-ep-sams°

tIc-f-sØ-Øs∂ ImWp-Ibpw ImWn-®p-X-cpIbpw sNbvXp F∂p Nne¿ ]d-

™n-´p-≠v. ]pcm-W-I-Ym-]m-{X-ßsf C{μ-s\bpw \f-s\bpw lcn›{μ-s\bpw

{ioIr-jvW-s\-bp-sams° ˛ tIc-f-Øn¬ Xm≥ \nXyhpw I≠p-ap-´p∂ tIf-∑m-

cp-sSbpw IpΩn-Wn-am-cp-sSbpw \mb-∑m-cp-sSbpw ] -∑m-cp-sSbpw \Sp-hn-te°v Cd-



°n-s°m-≠p-h-cpI-bm-Wv Ip©≥\-ºym¿ sNbvX-Xv. Aa-c-]p-cnbpw Af-Im-]p-

cnbpw Zzmc-Ibpw Ipfin-\-hp-sams° tIc-f-Øn-te°p ]dn-®p-\-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p

At±-lw. "cpIvanWo kzbw-h-c-'Øn¬ {ioIr-jvW-≥ X\nsb Ipfin-\-]p-c-Øn-

te°p t]mbn F∂-dn-™-t∏mƒ klm-b-Øn\p k∂m-l-tØmsS ]pd-s∏-Sm≥

Xp\n™ _e-`-{Zs‚ B⁄ Cß-s\-bm-Wv:

""Bbp-[-]m-Wn-I-fm-bn-´-\-h[n

\mb-∑m-cp-a-am-Xy-∑mcpw

Imcy-ÿ-∑m-sc-P-am-\∑m-˛

cmbnc-am-bn-c-amƒ°-[n-]-∑m¿

]´m-Wn-Iƒ ]e IpXn-c-°mcpw

tIm´-∏-Sn-bn¬ Imh¬°mcpw

Im´m-f-∑m¿ apt°m-∏-cn-j-Iƒ

tIm´-°m-c-∑mcpw ]e-hI

\{km-Wn-Ifpw tPm\-I¿ ]Øp k˛

l{km-[n-I-anl h∂o-tS-Ww.''

{ioIr-jvWs‚ ImeØv Zzmc-I-bn¬ \mb-∑mcpw \{km-Wn-Ifpw ]´m-Wn-Ifpw

a‰pw D≠m-bn-cpt∂m F∂p tNmZn-°-cp-Xv. \ºym-cpsS ImeØv Ch-sc√mw tIc-

f-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂t√m!

bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Cu k{º-Zmbw XpS-ßn-th-®Xv `mjm-N-ºp-°-fpsS I¿Øm-

°-fm-Wv. ]p\w \ºp-Xn-cn-bpsS `mjm-cm-am-b-W-N-ºp-hn¬ koXm kzbw-h-c-L-

´-Øn¬ \ºp-Xn-cn-am-cpsS kw`m-j-Ww, a{¥-hm-Zn-I-fpsS t`mjvIv, apdn-ssh-Zy-

∑m-cpsS Xń∏v, `S-∑m-cpsS hmZ-{]-Xn-hm-Z-ßƒ F∂nh-sb√mw h¿Wn-®n-cn-°p-

∂p. ag-aw-K-e-Øns‚ mjm-ss\-j-[-wN-ºp-hnepw ImWmw CØcw h¿W-\-Iƒ.

Ip©≥\-ºym¿ Xs‚ ênX]cn-lmk NmXpcnI-fm¬ B cnXnsb H∂p-IqSn

s]men-∏n®v Xp≈-ep-I-fn¬ {]tbm-Kn-°p-I-bmWp sNbvX-Xv.

Xp≈¬°-Y-I-fnse ]pcm-W-I-Ym-]m-{X-ß-fpsS hm°p-I-fnepw {]hr-Øn-I-

fnepw tIc-fo-bXzw XpSn-®p-\n-¬°p-∂Xp ImWmw. ]mfi-h-∑m¿ ]m¿°p∂

Ac-°n-√-Øn\v Xos°m-fp-Øm≥ t]mb ]ptcm-N-\s‚ Xncn-®p-h-chpw {]Xo-£n®v,

""]nt‰-∂mƒ Zptcym-[-\≥ a‰p-≈-\p-P-∑mcpw

sIm‰p-I-gn®p ]m°pw sh‰n-e-t]m´pw sIm≠p

a‰p-≈-h-cp-ambn Np‰p-an-cp∂v''

KqV-ambn Imcy-hn-Nmcw sNøp∂ cwKw lnUnw-_-h[w Xp≈-en¬ ImWmw.

Cßs\ F{X-sb{X cwK-ßƒ!

GsX-¶nepw ]pcm-W-I-Y-bn¬ t\cn´p en-X-]-cn-lm-k-ßƒ Xncp-In-°-b-‰p-

∂-Xn\p ]gp-Xn-s√∂p I≠m¬ Hcp D]-IY Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-bm-bn. Ip©≥\-

ºym-cpsS Xp≈¬°-Y-I-fnse D]-I-Y-I-fn¬ Nne-Xn\v as‰mcp Xc-Ønepw

{]k‡n Cs√-∂p-Xs∂ ]d-bmw. Ipw`-I¿W-h[w ]d-bm≥ Xp≈-en¬ Ipw`-

I¿W-s\-s°m≠p ]d-bn-°p-∂, "ap√-°¬ hońse aqØ-Ip-dp-∏-®s‚ IY' Hcp

ZrjvSm-¥-am-Wv.

(Ip©≥\ºym-cpsS Xp≈¬°r-Xn-Iƒ ˛ Fw.F-kv. N{μ-ti-J-c-hm-cy¿)

ebmfwF´mwXcw


tX≥I\n

Ipń-I-fpsS \mS-I-thZn C∂v tIc-f-Øn¬ G‰hpw kPo-h-am-Wv. tIc-f-ØnsekvIqƒ Item-’-h-ß-fn¬ Hmtcm h¿jhpw Bbn-c-°-W-°n\p \mS-I-ß-fmWvActßdp-∂-Xv. \ΩpsS an° kvIqfpIfpw _rlØmb Cu \mS-I-°q- m-bva-bn¬]¶m-fn-I-fm-Wv. \mS-I-IpXp-In-I-fmb Ipń-Iƒ°v Kuc-h-ap≈ \mSImh-t_m[w\¬IpI F∂ e£y-tØm-sS-bmWv \mSI]T\w ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bpsS mKam°p-∂Xv.hnZym¿Yn-I-fn¬ F√mXc-°m¿°pw {]m]y-am-Ip-sa-∂Xv \mS-I-I-e-bpsS {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. hyXykvX\ne-hm-c-Øn-ep≈ Ipń-Iƒ°v Ah-cpsS hnhn-[-ß-fmb Ign-hp-Iƒ Bhn-jvI-cn-°m\pw ka{KhnI-k\w km[y-am-°m\pw \mSI]T-\-Øn-eqsS Ign-tb-≠-Xm-Wv.

ae-bmf \mS-I-Im-c-∑m-cn¬ {]ap-J-\mb tUm. hbem hmkp-tZ-h≥]n≈-bpsS"tX≥I\n' F∂ \mSIw Ipń-I-fpsS \mS-I-th-Zn-bpsS B[p-\nI apJw Imń-Ø-cp-∂p. _me-a-\- nse `b-ßsf k¿Km-fl-I-amb Iq´m-bva-Iƒ sIm≠v adn-I-S-t°-≠-Xn-s\-°p-dn®pw Hmtcm Ipń-bpsSbpw D≈n¬\n∂p Pzen-®p-b-¿∂phtc≠ kzm{i-b-t_m-[-sØ-°p-dn®pw Cu \mSIw bp‡n-]q¿hw N¿® sNøp-∂p. Ipń-Ø-Øns‚Ac-ßn¬ Ifn-Iƒ°pw \nd-ßƒ°pw IuXp-I-ßƒ°pw \¬tI≠ {]m[m\yw a\- n-em-°n-bmWv "tX≥I-\n-'bpsS Ah-X-c-W-ssien Nn -s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≈-Xv. \mSIkmlnXy]T-\-tØm-sSm∏w Ac-ßnse kmt¶-XnIImcy-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ kmam\ymh-t_m-[hpw Ipń-Iƒ°p e`n-°m≥ Cu ]mTw D]-bp-‡-am-I-Ww.


]mTm-h-X-cWw

]mT-`m-KØp\n∂p hyXykvX \mS-Iobaplq¿Ø-ßƒ Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-bp-at√m. Ahbv°p kam-\-amb kμ¿ -ßƒ Ipń-I-fpsS A\p- h]cn-kcØv D≠m-It√. AXv Ah¿ kwL-ß-fmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´. ]mT kμ¿`-Øn\p kam-\-amb hnj-b-ßƒ \mS-Io-I-c-W-Øn\p ]cn-K-Wn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ

♦ amhn≥ Nphń¬♦ `qXw hcp-∂p.♦ aSn-b\pw Iq´p-Imcpw♦ Hcp-an-s®m-∂mbv

CØcw hnj--b-ßƒ FgpXn hnhn[ kwLßƒ°v \¬Im-hp-∂-XmWv.

IpńIƒ kwLw tN¿∂v Ifn-I-fpsS km[-y-X-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v Chsb \mS-Io-I-cn-°-s´.

XpS¿∂v Hmtcm kwLhpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-Xn\p kam-\-amb \mSIkμ¿ -ßƒ ]mT-`m-KØp \n∂v Is≠-Ø-s´. B `mK-ßƒ ¢mkn¬ hmbn®v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°s´.

Bh-i-y-amb am¿K\n¿tZ-i-ßƒ \¬In A[ym-]n-Ibv°pw CS-s]-Sm-a-t√m.



AΩ ]d-™-Xns‚ s]mcpƒ

DΩm°n A\p- -h-ßƒ Ipń-Iƒ°pw D≠m-Ip-at√m. Ah¿ AXv ]¶p-h-bv°s´.-]¶p-h® A\p-`-h-ßƒ ]ń-I-bm-°-Ww.

apXn¿∂-h¿ F¥p-sIm-≠mhmw CØcw b-s∏-Sp-Øn-bp≈ \nb-{¥W-ßƒ Ipń-Iƒ°p \¬Ip-∂-Xv? N¿® sNø-s´.

kqN-\Iƒ♦ Ipń-I-fpsS kpc-£-sb-°-cpXn.♦ _me-a-\- ns‚ k¶-¬∏-ßƒ CØcw `b-ßƒ hfsc thKw kzo-I-

cn-°p∂p.♦ kwL_ew `bsØ C√m-Xm-°p-sa∂v Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.

Ipń-I-fpsS at\m-`mhw

"amhn≥ Nph-ń¬ \nß-fm-sW-¶n¬' F∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ Ipń-Iƒ°v kz-X{¥{]Xn-I-c-W-Øn\p Ah-kcw \¬Ip-a-t√m. {]k-‡-amb {]Xn-I-c-W-ßƒA[-ym-]nI t_m¿Un¬ Fgp-Xp-∂p.

XpS¿∂v \mSIkμ¿`w Xmc-X-ayw sNbvXv Ipń-I-fpsS at\m-`mhw Is≠ØnFgp-Xmw.

˛ ]mTkμ¿`w hni-I-e\w sNbvXv Ipń-Iƒ Fgp-X-s´.

kqN\Iƒ♦ aSn♦ Aan-X-amb ]cm-{i-b-Xzw

]g-s©m√v Is≠-Ø¬

kwL-ßfmbn Xncn™v Ipń-Iƒ ]g-s©m¬∏b‰v \SØs´. XpS¿∂v ]b-‰n¬ {]tbm-Kn-°p∂ ]g-s©m-√p-I-fn¬ \n∂v A[-zm-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´hIs≠Øn ]ń-I-s∏-Sp-Ø-s´. AXn¬\n∂v ]mT-k-μ¿`-hp-ambn tNcp∂hFSpsØgp-Xp-I.

amXrI

HØp]nSn-®m¬ aebpw t]mcpw F√papdnb ]Wn-Xm¬ ]√p-ap-dnsb Xn∂mw.

(]g-s©m¬ {]]©w ˛ ]n.kn. I¿Øm)

DΩm-°n-Im-´pI ˛ ae-bm -f -Øn¬ {]Nm -c -ap≈ HcpssienbmWnXv. Ab-Ym¿Yamb H∂v Ds≠-∂-X-c-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I. \mS-I-Øn¬"DΩm°n' F∂Xv Ipń -I-fpsS D≈n¬kaqlw krjvSn -°p∂ `b-ßƒ F∂A¿YØn¬ hym-J-ym-\n°mw. Ipń-I-fpsSss\k¿Kn-I-amb AXn-Po-h-\sØ Cu `b-ßƒ XS -s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

ka-{]m-b-°m-cpsS kwLwtNc-en-eqsS kzm-`m-hn-I-ambn Ipń-Iƒ Cu `bsØ adn-I-S-

hni-Zo-I-cn-t°-≠h

ebmfwF´mwXcw


°p-∂p F∂-XmWv \mS-I-Øn¬ Zriy-h¬°-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv.

h\-Km-b-I≥ : kmX-znI ]nXr_nw_w. KpW-]mTIY-I-fn-eq-sSbpw Ifn-I-fn-eq-sSbpw Ipń-I-fnse kz-m{i-b-X-zsØ DW¿Øp∂ apØ-—∑mcp-sSbpwapXn¿∂-h-cpsSbpw Omb Cu IYm-]m-{X-Øn-\p-≠v. C∂sØ Ipń-I-fpsS A\p-`h ]cn-k-cØp \n∂v CØcw kmX-znI hy-‡n-X-z-ßsfAh¿ Is≠-Ø-s´.

amºgw I√m-Ip-∂p: A[-zm-\n-°msX êw Is≠-Øm-\p≈ {ia-ßƒ ]mgm-Ip-∂p. Ah-\-h≥ {ian-°p-tºmƒam{Xta e-ßƒ a[p-c-ap-≈-XmIq F∂ ktμ-i-amWv ]mTw \¬Ip-∂-Xv.

IYm-]m{X\ncq-]-Ww.

Nne hy‡nkz-`mhßƒ ¢mkvapdn-bn¬ A[ym-]nI ]ń-I-s∏-SpØn {]Z¿in-∏n-°p∂p.

kqN\Iƒ

♦ A[-zm\ioew♦ XymKw♦ aSn♦ klm-\p-`qXn♦ [ocX♦ Ak-ln-jvWpX♦ kvt\lw

CXn¬ \n∂p `{Z≥ F∂ IYm-]m-{X-Øn\p tbmPn-°p∂ kz-`mhkhn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Ipń-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´.

Ipń-Iƒ Is≠-Ønb `{Zs‚ kz-`mhkhn-ti-j-X-Iƒ A[ym-]nI ]ń-I-s∏-Sp-Ø-s´. ChbpsS ASnÿm\-Øn¬ `{Z-s\-°p-dn®v IYm-]m{X\ncq-]Ww Xbm-dm°n Ah-X-cn-∏n-°mw.

kqN\I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ IYm-]m-{X-\n-cq-]Ww IqSp-X¬ sa®-s∏-Sp-Ømw.

kqN\Iƒ

♦ IYm-K-Xn-bn¬ IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ ]¶v.♦ IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ hf¿®.♦ IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ {]Xn-I-cWw.♦ IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ kmaq-lnI Np‰p-]m-SpIƒ.♦ `mj♦ Ah-X-c-W-coXn

Xbm-dm-°nb IYm-]m-{X-\n-cq-]-Wßƒ hne-bn-cpØn t]m¿´vt^mfn-tbm-bn¬kq£n-°p-∂p.



\mS-I-Ønte°v-

GsXmcp ]T\ {]h¿Ø-\-Øn-s‚bpw ¢mkvap-dn-bnse hnP-b-Øn\v ]Tn-Xm-hns‚]q¿W ]¶m-fnØw Dd∏phcp-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. ]Tn-Xmhpw ]T\hpw XΩn-ep≈Cg-b-Sp∏w i‡-am-Ip-tºmƒ am{Xta ¢mkvapdn-bnse hn\n-abw A¿Y-h-Øm-hp-I-bp-≈q. AXn-\m-bp≈ Nne aps∂m-cp-°-ßƒ thWw. \mS-I-Ønse CØcw{]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ \mS-I-tI-fn-Iƒ F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

{]h¿Ø\w 1 (ssIsImń Ifn-°mw)

Dt±-iy-ßƒ

{i≤ Dd∏phcp-Ø¬, am\-kn-I-amb DW¿hp-≠m-°¬, ]cn-io-e-I\pw ]¶m-fnbpw XΩn¬ kulr-Zm-¥-co£w krjvSn-°¬.

{]h¿Ø\coXn

So®¿ A¥-co-£-Øn¬ Hcp hrØw hcbv°p∂p. hrØw ]q¿Øn-bmIptºmƒ Ipń-Iƒ ssIb-Sn-°-s´. ]q¿Øn-bm-ImØ hrØ-Øn\v ssIb-Sn \¬Im≥ ]mSn-√.

{]h¿Ø\w 2 (Xmfm-flI\SØw)

Dt±-iy-ßƒ

So®dpw Ipńbpw ¢mkv apgp-h-\mbpw Xmfm-fl-I-am-°p-∂-Xn-\v. kwL-tØm-sSm∏wtN¿∂v {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xn-\v.

{]h¿Ø\coXn

F√m-hcpw Fgp-t∂‰v ¢mkn¬ Xeßpw hneßpw \S-°p-∂p. So®-dpsS \n¿tZ-i-a-\p-k-cn®v \S-°p-∂p. XpS¿∂v 4, 8 F∂n-hbv°v ssIb-Sn-®p-sIm≠v \S-°-s´. kwLw apgp-h≥ Xmfm-fl-I-ambn Nen-°p∂Xphsc XpS-cp-I.

{]h¿Ø\w 3 (t]cp-]-dbmw, BwKyw Im´mw)

Dt±-iy-ßƒ

kwLsØ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°m-\p≈ Bfl-hn-izmkw hf¿Øp-∂-Xn\v, Bi-bsØ _nw_-ß-fm°n {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\v.

{]h¿Ø\-coXn

F√m-hcpw h -Øn¬ Ccn-°p-∂p. Hcmƒ \Sp-hn¬ h∂v Abm-fpsS t]cv ]d™vCjvS-ap≈ Hcp BIvj≥ ImWn-°p-∂p. a‰p-≈-h¿ AXv A\p-I-cn-°p-∂p.XpS¿∂v ASp-Ø-bmƒ. Aßs\ apgp-h≥ t]cpw. Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cpsS Ah-X-c-W-tijw BZy-hy‡n apX¬ F√m-hcpw BIvj≥ Bh¿Øn®v {Ia-Øn¬ t]cp-Iƒ D®-Øn¬ ]d-b-Ww.

{]h¿Ø\w 4 (At\ym\yw)

Dt±-iy-ßƒ

$ aSn-Iq-SmsX Hgp-t°msS kwkm-cn-°m\p≈ Bfl-hn-izmkw.

$ kwLsØ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v, Bib hy‡-X-tbmsS, X∑-b-Xz-Øn¬, Imcy-ßƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-\p≈ tijn ssIh-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\v.

ebmfwF´mwXcw


{]h¿Ø\-coXn

Ifn-°m¿°n-S-bn¬ \n∂v Hcmsf hnfn-°p-I. Abm-fpsS GsX-¶n-ep-samcp kplr-Øns\ (th-gm-º¬, Igp-X) hnfn-°m-\m-h-iy-s∏-Sp-I. h´-Øn-en-cn-°p∂ Ifn-°m-cpsS a[y-Øn¬ Chsc Ccp-Øp-I. c≠p t]¿°pw Htc Bibw sImSp-°p-I. Hcmƒ kt¥m-j-Ønepw A]-c≥ k¶-S-Ønepw BhWw Ah-X-cn-∏n-t°-≠-Xv. So®-dpsS hnkn-en-\p-k-cn®v mh-ßƒ am‰n am‰n kwkm-cn-°mw. as‰mcptPmSnsb hnfn®v ]pXnb hnjbw sImSpØv Ifn XpS-cmw.

{]h¿Ø\w 5 (H®-∏mSv)

Dt±-iy-ßƒ

$ i_vZ\nb-{¥Ww ]cn-io-en--°p-∂-Xn-\v.

$ i_vZw \nb-{¥n®v A¿YhyXymkw tZymXn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ]cn-io-e-\w.

{]h¿Ø\coXn

Ifn-°msc ¢mkvapdn-bpsS \mev tImWp-I-fn¬ \n¿Øp-∂p. So®¿ Hmtcm{Kq∏n\pw Hc-£cw hoXw \¬Ip-∂p. So®¿ ]d-bp∂ AtX i_vZ-Ønepw CuW-Ønepw Xmf-Ønepw Ifn-°m¿ {]Xn-I-cn-°p-∂p.

X ˛ X

XØ ˛ XØ

XØØ ˛ XØØ

XØ-ØØ ˛ ............................

N ˛ N

® N ® ®

....................................

{]h¿Ø\w 6

Dt±-iy-ßƒ

$ kμ¿`-Øn-\-\p-k-cn-®p≈ i_vZ-hy-Xn-bm-\-ßƒ ]cn-io-en-°p-∂-Xn\v.

$ Bi-bhy‡-X-tbmsS IrXy-ambn kwh-Zn-°p-∂-Xn-\v.

{]h¿Ø\coXn

Ifn-°msc lmfn¬ hcn-bmbn \n¿Øp-I. Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw Hmtcm ktμiw\¬Ip-I. Ifn-°m¿°v \º¿ \¬In-bn-cn-°-Ww. Hmtcm Ifn-°m-c\pw Inńbktμiw X\n°v \n¿tZ-in-°-s∏´ Bfp-ambn kwth-Z\w sNøp-I. (hn-hn[AIe-ß-fn¬ \n¬°p-tºm-gp-≠m-Ip∂ hyXymkw Xncn-®-dn-b-Ø° coXn-bn¬).

{]h¿Ø\w 7 (inev]nbpw inev]hpw)

Dt±-iy-ßƒ

$ kz¥w ico-c-Øns‚ {]tbmKkm[y-X-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn\v.

$ Bi-b-ßƒ IrXy-ambn Zriy-h-¬°-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v.

$ ]c-kv]-c-ap≈ Ign-hp-Ifpw ]cn-an-Xn-Ifpw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn\v.

{]h¿Ø-\-coXn

Ifn-°m¿ tPmSn-I-fm-hp-∂p. Hcmƒ A A]-c≥ B. hnkn¬ tIƒ°p-tºmƒ Ain¬∏n-bm-Ip∂ B sb in¬∏-ambn am‰n-sb-Sp-°p-∂p. {]tXyI t]mÃ-dp-Iƒ



D≠m-°p-∂p. hyXy-kvXhpw \qX-\-hp-amb Bhn-jvIm-c-ßƒ°v {ian-°-s´. tPmSn-Iƒ ]c-kv]cw amdn Ifn Bh¿Øn-°p-∂p.

\mSImhX-cWw

Ipń-I-fpsS hn`n-∂-amb k¿K-ti-jn-Iƒ \mS-Im-h-X-c-W-Øn\v btYm-NnXw D]-tbm-Kn-°m-a-t√m. CXn-\mbn hnhn[ kwL-ßƒ cq]o-I-cn-°p-∂p.

1 . ]n∂WnkwLw

√ Acßpkma-{Kn-Iƒ Hcp-°¬ kwLwac-ßƒ, amº-gw, apJwaqSn, ]›m-Ø-ew XpS-ßn-b-h (sNehpIpd™ {]mtZ-inIhn`-h-ßƒ°v ap≥K-W\ \¬Ip-I).

√ ]›m-ØekwKoXkwLw

* sF.kn.Sn. km[-yX D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I.

* X\Xp Xmf-hm-Z-y-ßƒ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-I.

√ NabkwLw

* thjw, apJ-sØ-gpØv apX-em-bh.

√ cwKk÷o-I-cWkwLw

* Ah-X-cWØn\mbn Acßv k÷o-I-cn-°pI.

2. A`n-\bkwLw

√ A`n-\-b-Xm¬∏-cy-ap≈ Ipń-Isf Dƒs∏-Sp-ØpI.

3. tUmIyp-sa-t‚-j≥ kwLw

√ \mS-I-Øn\p apºv

˛ t\mókv, t]mÃ¿ XpS-ßn-bh Xbm-dm°n \mS-Im-h-X-c-W-Øn-\mbn {]Nm-cWw \S-Øp-I.

√ \mS-I-Øn\p tijw

˛ UnPn-‰¬ tUmIyp-sa-t‚-j≥

˛ Bh-iy-amb ]{X-hm¿Ø-Ifpw dnt∏m¿´pw Xbm-dm-°pI.

\mS-Im-h-X-cWw

Bh-iy-amb coXn-bn¬ dntl-gvk-ep-Iƒ kwL-Sn-∏n®v kvIqfn¬ s]mXp-hmb\mS-Im-h-X-c-W-amWv Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv.

Xt±-iobcmb \mSI Iem-Im-c-∑m-cp-sSbpw kwL-ß-fp-sSbpw klmbw kzo-I-cn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

skan-\m¿

a\p-j-y\pw {]Ir-Xnbpw XΩnepw a\p-j-y\pw a\p-j-y\pw XΩnepw Ah-\-hs‚D≈n¬Øs∂bpw AXn-Po-h\w km[y-am-tI≠ \nc-h[n {]iv\-ßfps≠∂hkvXpX ]mT- m-K-ßƒ apt∂m- p-h-bv°p-∂p. Cu hnj-bsØ ka-{K-ambn A]-{K-Yn-°pI F∂-XmWv skan-\m¿ e£yw hbv°p-∂-Xv.

Bh-i-y-amb {Kq∏p-Iƒ Xncn™v Xsg-∏-d-bp-∂h AS-°ap≈ hnj-b-ßƒ \¬Inskan-\m¿ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

AXn-Po-h-\-Øns‚ hnhn[ Xe-ßƒ

ebmfwF´mwXcw


˛ {]IrXn-bpw a\p-j-y\pw

˛ a\p-j-y\pw a\p-j-y\pw(NXn, Im]-S - yw ,kzm¿YX, AX-ym -{Klw)

˛ Ah-\-h≥ ISº (Ah-\-hs‚ D≈n¬Øs∂AXn-Po-hn-t°≠ ]e{]iv\-ßfpap≠v, aSn,Bfl-hn-i-zm-k-an-√m-bva,kzbw ]gn-°¬.)

kzmK-X-{]-kw-Kw,A[y-£-{]-kw-Kw,{]_-‘-c-N-\,X¬k-a-b-°p-dn∏v,Ipdn∏v hn]p-e-\w,dnt∏m¿´ v Xbm -dm -°¬,t\mókv ˛t]mÃ¿ ˛£W-°Øv Xbm-dm-°¬

F∂o `mjm -ti-jn -Iƒskan-\m¿ Ah-X-c-W-Øn-eqsS Ipń-Iƒ°v e`y-ambnF∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.

skan-\m¿

Ah-X-c-W-Øn\p apºv

* kwL-ßƒ°p hnj-b-ßƒ \¬IpI.

* hnh-c-ti-J-cWw

* {]_-‘-ßƒ Xbm-dm-°¬

* Npa-X-em-hn-`-P\w

˛ Ah-Xm-c-I≥

˛ tamU-td-‰¿

˛ tUmIyp-sa‚ v Xbm-dm-°p-∂-h¿

* ]ckyw, t\mó-kv, £W-°Øv

Ah-X-cWw

* kzmKXw (kw-Lm-S-I-k-anXn I¨ho-\¿)

* BapJw (tam-U-td-‰¿)

* {]_-‘-ß-fpsS Ah-X-c-Ww. Hmtcm Ah-

X-c-W-Øn\p tijhpw N¿® \S-t°-≠-Xm-

Wv.

* N¿®°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø¬ (B-i-b-

kw-t£-]w).

* tamU-td-‰-dpsS t{ImUo-I-c-Ww.

Ah-X-c-W-Øn\p tijw

* N¿®m°p-dn∏v hnI-kn-∏n®v hy‡n-KX {]_-

‘-ßƒ Xbm-dm-°¬ (B-i-b-hn-]p-e-\w).

* skan-\m¿ dnt∏m¿´v Xbm-dm-°¬.

* skan-\m¿ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬.

_me\mS-I-thZn

\ΩpsS _me\mS-I-thZn _me-y-Zi ]n∂n´p Ign-™p. At\Iw \mSIkwL-ßfpw Ah-bv°n-W-ßp∂ cN-\-Ifpw ae-bmf\mS-IsØ A¿Y ]q¿W-am-°p∂p. Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcwsh™m-dΩq-ńse cwK-{]-`m-Xv, Xriq-cnse cwK-tN-X-\, hnXp-c-bnse kplrZv \mS-I-I-fcnXpS-ßn-bhsb√mw Ipń-I-fpsS \mS-I-th-Znsb ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-∂p.

Ipń-I-fpsS \mS-Im-h-X-c-W-Øn¬ Zo£n-t°≠ H´-\-h[n [¿Ω-ß-fp-≠v. Ah-bn¬G‰hpw {][m-\-s∏´ H∂mWv kwLw tNc-epw Ifn-bpsS A¥-co£w krjvSn-°-epw. IfnChnsS Imc-y-am-Wv. Ifn-bmWv Imcyw F∂¿Yw, Ifn-bnepw Hcp \mb-I-\p-≠m-hp-a-t√m.Chn-sS -\m-b-I≥ \n¿_-‘-a-√. apXn¿∂-h-cpsS Ac-ßnse Pb-]cm-P-b-ßƒ _me-th-Zn-bn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-cp-XpXm\pw. Bcpw tXm¬°m-Ø, F√m-hcpw Pbn-°p∂, Pbn-°m-\p≈km[y-X-Iƒ D≈-h-cm-sW∂v t_m[-y-s∏-Sp∂ \mS-I-ß-fmWv _me-k-Z- n¬ Gsd ]Y-yw.GIm¥ZpxJ-ßfpw Bflm-t\-z-j-W-X-z-cbpw A¥¿ap-J-X-z-Øns‚ Zo¿L\ni-zm-k-ßfpw a‰pwkzm-KXw sNø-s∏-S-W-sa-∂n-√. hyjvSn-bn¬ \n∂p ka-jvSn-bn-te-°p≈ ]ptcm-K-Xn-bmWvChnsS {]I-S-am-th-≠-Xv. kwLw tNcp-∂-Xn¬ X¬∏-c-cmWv s]mXpsh Ipń-Iƒ Hcp-



an°pIbpw Ifn-°p-Ibpw Ifn-bpsS BÀm-Zhpw kuμ-c-yhpw ]¶n-Sp-Ibpw a‰p-≈-h¿ XßsfA\p-tam-Zn-°p-∂-Xn¬ IqSp-X¬ kt¥mjw A\p-`-hn°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Ah¿ Cu BÀm-Z-Øn-eq-sS, Iq´m-bva-bn-eqsS Ipń-Iƒ Ah-cn¬ A¥¿eo-\-amb k¿Khm-k\Ifpw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p. kwL-°-fn-bmb \mS-I-Øn¬ k¿Km-fl-I-X-bpsS BÀm-Z-am-Wv Ipń-I-f-\p-`-hn-°p-∂Xv.

krjvS-yp-∑pJ \mS-I-Øn-eqsS Hcp \√ hnZ-ym-`-ymk ]≤Xn Bhn-jvI-cn-°m-sa∂v hnZ-Kv[¿ Nq≠n-°m-ń-bn-´p-≠v. \mSIw "kwhmZ' Øns‚ Iebm-W-t√m. kwhmZw kt¶m-N-Øn¬\n∂v hnIm-k-Øn-te-°p≈ am¿Khp-am-Wv. \ΩpsS hnZ-ym- -ym-k-Ønepw s]mXpPohn-X-ØnepwA¿Y-h-Ømb kwhm-Z-an-√-t√m. ASn-t®-¬∏n-°epw A\p-k-cn-°epw BWv s]mXpshAdnt™m Adn-bm-sXtbm \mw kzo-I-cn-®p-t]m-∂n-´p-≈-Xv. Aa¿Ø-s∏´ kwi-b-ß-tfmsS\n»-_vZ-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂, Atem-k-c-s∏-Sp-ØmØ Ipń-bmWv "\√' hnZym¿Yn! tNmtZymØc-ß-fn-eqsS kwibw Zqco-I-cn-°p-Ibpw IqSp-X¬ Bflm-hn-jvIm-c-Øn\v Ah-k-c-ap-≠m-Ip-IbpwsNøp∂ kwhm-Z-Øns‚ A¥-co-£-amWv Hcp k¿Km-flIhnZ-ym- -ymkw hn`m-h\w sNøp-∂Xv.CXn\v \mS-I-amWv G‰hpw \√ D]m-[n. tNmtZ-ym-Ø-c-ß-fn-eqsS ]c-kv]cw Adn-bp-IbpwHcp Nn¥-bn¬ \n∂v as‰m-∂n-te°v IS-°p-I-bpw BÀm-Z-tØmsS Aßs\ ]S-hp-Iƒ Ib-dp-Ibpw sNøp∂ I¿Ω]≤-Xn-bmWv \mS-I-Ønt‚Xv. ChnsS Ipń-bpsS kt¶mNw \nt»jwC√m-Xm-Ip-∂p. _p≤n-]-chpw sshIm-cn-I-hp-amb kt¶m-N-tØm-sSm∏w imco-cn-I-amb ]ncn-ap-dp-°-ßfpw C√m-Xmhp-∂p. icoc-Øn\pw a\- n\pw kw`-hn-°p∂ Cu Abhv Hcp IpńsbIqSp-X¬ Imc-y-ßƒ {Kln-°p-hm\pw ka-Nn-Ø-X-tbmsS Ahsb kºq¿W-ambn Bhn-jvI-cn-°m\pw {]m]vX-\m-°p∂p.

Ipcp∂p-Isf ssI]n-Sn®p \S-Øp-∂, Ah¿°p {ItaW kzbw \S-°m≥ t{]cW \¬Ip-∂, Ie{I-a-Øn¬ kz¥w hgn Is≠-Øm≥ Bfl-ss[-cyw \¬Ip∂, ]d-∂p-b¿∂p t]mIm≥Du¿Pw \¬Ip∂ cN-\-I-fmWv _me-\m-S-I-ßƒ.

cwKm-h-X-c-W-Øn-emWv Ipń-I-fpsS \mSIw imkv{Xo-b-ambn cq]-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. apXn¿∂-hcpsS\mSI ]cn-io-e-\-a√ Ipń-Iƒ°v th≠-Xv. Hcp \mS-I-Øn-\p≈ dntl-gvk¬ cNn-X-]mTw ]Tn°p-∂-Xn-eq-sS-bp-a√ \S-tØ-≠-Xv. k¿Km-fl-I-amb IfnI-fn-eq-sS, ck-I-c-amb at\m-[¿Ωm-`ym-k-ß-fn-eq-sS, kwL-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eqsS Hcp \mS-Im-¥-co£w cq]-s∏- -ph-cWw. AXn-emWv\mS-IIrXn A\m-hr-X-am-tI-≠-Xv. apXn¿∂-h-cpsS \mS-I-th-Zn-bn¬ \mS-I-Ir-Xn -{]-Y-a-ÿm\wt\Sp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ _me-\m-S-I-th-Zn-bn¬ cwKm-h-X-cW ]cn-io-e-\-amWv {]YaKW\obw. BZy-tØ-Xn¬ IrXn-°-\p-kr-X-amb ]cn-io-e-\hpw c≠m-atØ-Xn¬ ]cn-io-e-\-Øn-eqsS hf¿∂p-h-cp∂ IrXn-bp-amWv {i≤n-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xv. Cu ]cn-io-e\apd-bn¬ Ipń-I-fpsS {]mb-t`-Za\p-k-cn®v km[-yX-bp≈ F√m Ne\ k{º-Zmbßfpw kzo-I-cn-°mw. Xmfm-fl-I-amb cwK-tN-jvS-I-fmbn Ahsb {Ia-s∏-Sp-Ø-W-sa-t∂-bp-≈q. Ipń-Iƒ°p ioe-ap≈ F√m Ifn-Ifpw CXn\p-]-tbm-Kn-°mw. sabvhg-°-ap-≈-Xn\m¬ A\n-b-{¥n-X-amb A\-h[n A -ym-k-ap-d-Iƒ°v H‰bv°pwIq´mbpw Ipń-Iƒ°v Ah-kcw \¬Imw. AXn-eqsS Dcp-Øn-cn-bp∂ A¿∞-ap≈ cwK-in-ev]-ß-fmWv _me-k-Z- n\p IqSp-X¬ ckn-°p-∂-Xv. Ip‰n-b-Sn-®-am-Xncn Ac-ßn¬ \n∂p Kwò-c-ß-fmb kw`m-j-Wßƒ Dds° Dcp-hn-Sp∂ coXn Ipń-Iƒ°p hnc-k-am-Ipw. Ifn-°p-∂-h¿°pwImWn-Iƒ°pw AXv Atcm-NIw Xs∂. GXp Ne-\-Øn\pw Ah-kcw \¬Ip-Ibpw Ac-ßn-te-°m-h-i-y-ap-≈-Xns\ Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-I-bp-amWv kwhn-[m-b-I≥ sNtø-≠-Xv.

hbem hmkp-tZ-h≥ ]n≈

ebmfwF´mwXcw


Hm¿ΩIƒ h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-tØ-°p≈ IcpXn-h-bv]p-Ifm-Wv. "Hm¿Ω-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cn-°Ww' F∂kqN-\bpw \sΩ t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv AXp-X-s∂-bm-Wv. Hm¿Ω-Iƒ Ncn-{X-t_m-[sØ Xncn-®p-]n-Sn-°p-∂p. Pohn-X-Øns‚ ka-kvX-ta-J-e-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´pw \ap°v Hm¿Ω-I-fp-≠m-bn-´p-≠v.kvarXn-Nn-{X-ßƒ hy‡n-\n-jvT-ß-fm-Wv. AXvHm¿sØ-SpØv ]¶p-h-bv°p-∂Xv hmb-\-°m-c-\n¬Krlm-Xp-cXzw DW¿Øpw. Hm¿Ω-Iƒ°v kpK-‘-ap-≠m-hp-∂Xv At∏m-gm-Wv.

kº-∂-amb `qX-Im-e-{]-Ir-Xn-bp-sS, Pohn-X-Øns‚ t\cmb Bhn-jvIm-c-ß-fmWv Cu bqWn-‰nse cN-\-Iƒ. Hm¿Ω-Iƒ ]I¿∂p\¬Ip∂ckm-\p- q-Xn-Iƒ Ipń-Iƒ°v {]m]y-am-°m\pw mj-bp-sSbpw kmln-Xy-Øn-s‚bpw hyXy-kvX-ta-J-e-I-fn¬ CXv F{X-tØmfw {]Xn-^-en-°p∂pF∂v Xncn-®-dn-bm\pw Cu bqWn‰v e£y-an-Sp-∂p.]gb Imcy-ßƒ Hm¿sØ-Sp-°m\pw Bfl-\n-jvT-amb `mj-bn¬ Bhn-jvI-cn-°m\pw Cu ]mT-`m-K-ßƒ hn\n-abw sNøp-∂-Xn-eqsS Ipń-Iƒ°v Ign-bpw.

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]mT-hn-i-I-e\w

BZna-[ym-¥-s∏m-cp-Ø-ap≈ Hcp IY-bpsS kz`m-h-amWv Fw.-Sn. hmkp-tZ-h≥ \mb-cpsS "Ip∏mbw' F∂ Hm¿Ω-°p-dn-∏n-\p-≈-Xv. Xs‚ _mey-Im-em-\p-`hw Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS IpSpw-_-_‘-ß-fpsS Xo{h-X, kmaq-ln-I-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ kz`m-hw, h≈p-h-\m-S≥ {Kma-{]-Ir-Xnbpw `mjbpw F∂nh "Ip∏mbw' F∂ ]mT-`mKw\ap°v \¬Ip-∂p.

Hcp Hm¿Ω-®n-{X-amWv hnjvWp-\m-cm-b-W≥ \ºq-Xn-cn-bpsS "_jo¿ F∂_eyH∂v'. {]]-©-Ønse k¿h-N-cm-N-c-ßfnepw kv]μn-°p-∂Xv Htc ssNX-\y-am-sW∂v _jo-dn-s‚bpw hnjvWp-\m-cm-b-W≥ \ºq-Xn-cn-bp-sSbpw kvt\l-_-‘-Øn-eqsS t_m[y-s∏-Sp-∂p.

Ipgn-bm-\-bn¬, BSn¬ kvt\l-s∏m-cpƒ tXSnb ssIsIm≠v Xs‚ InSm-hns\A\p-{K-ln-°m≥ Ihn Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ Ie \¿Ω-ambn Xnf-ßp∂ IÆp-sIm≠vIpńsb aSn-bn¬ tN¿°p-∂-Xn-eqsS Xs‚ c≠mw _meyw A\p-`-hn-°p-I-bmWv_jo¿. lnμphpw apk¬am\pw BN-cn-°p-∂Xv ssZzX-am-sW∂pw D◊ D◊-bn¬ tN¿∂m¬ "CΩnWn hep-Xm-Ipw' F∂pw _jo-dns‚ X\-Xp- m-j-bpsS km[y-X-Iƒ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn hnjvWp-\m-cm-b-W≥ \ºq-Xncn hmb-\-°m-tcmSv ]d-bp-∂p.

ae-bm-f-km-ln-Xy-Øn¬ k -e-amb bm{X-\-S-Ønb I°m-Sns‚ Zo\-i-ø-bn-emWvCu I≠p-ap- ¬ \S-°p-∂-Xv F∂Xv Ihn-X-bpsS as‰mcp \ntbm-Kw."ASp-Øp-\n¬t∏m-c-\p-Ps\ t\m°m-\-£n-I-fn-√msX' k¶o¿W-am-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-Øv kvt\l-Øns‚, kmtlm-Z-cy-Øns‚ Hcp henb ktμiw CXp \¬Ip-∂p.

tcmKm-Xp-chpw hnjm-Zm-fl-I-hp-amb _mey-Ønse ag-°m-em-\p-`-h-amWv {]nb.-F.-F-kns‚ "\\-bmØ ag' F∂ ]mT- m-Kw. ag-bpsSbpw AXv {]Ir-Xn-bn¬ krjvS-°p∂ Ne-\-ß-fp-sSbpw Bhn-jvIm-c-amWv Cu cN-\. Xs‚ hy‡n-Po-hn-XØn¬Zo]vX-ambn \n¬°p∂ Hm¿Ω-°q- p-Iƒ hy‡n-I-fmbpw kw -h-ß-fmbpw Cu A\p-`-h-°p-dn-∏ns\ kº-∂-am-°p-∂p. ag-bn¬ hncp-∂p-h∂ _‘p-hn-s\-°m-Wp-Ibpwag-bp-ambn k√-]n®v t\cw t]m°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Ipń-bpsS am\-kn-I-hym-]m-c-ßƒ Be-¶m-cn-I-`m-j-bn¬ Fgp-Øp-Imcn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. ag-bpsS hyXy-kvX-`m-h-ßƒ eLp-hm-Iy-ß-fmbn Cu cN-\-bn¬ ]nd-hn-sb-Sp-°p-∂p. ImWm-a-g-IfpwtIƒ°m-a-g-Ifpw Du°≥a-g-Ifpw IÆo¿a-g-Ifpw F√mw CXn¬ Bhn-jvIr-X-am-hp-∂p.

Ihnbpw Km\-c-N-bn-Xm-hp-amb ]n. `mkvI-cs‚ {]i-kvX-amb Ne-®n-{X-Km-\-amWv {]th-i-I-ambn \¬In-bn-´p-≈-Xv.

Cu Km\-i-Iew tIƒ∏n-°p-∂p.

hcn-I-fpsS tI{μm-ibw e`n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn N¿® \S-Øp-∂p.

{]th-i-I-{]-h¿Ø\w

-{]-h¿Ø\hni-I-e\w

ebmfwF´mwXcw


A\p-`hw Ipń-Iƒ hy‡n-K-X-ambn Ipdn-°p∂p ˛ GXm\pw t]cpsS Ah-X-cWw ˛ s]mXp-N¿®

ap≥¢m-kn¬ ]Tn®/hmbn® GsX-¶nepw IrXn-I-fnse Hc\p- hw ]¶p-h-bv°m≥Ah-kcw \¬Ip-∂p.

th\-ense Hgnhv ˛ am[-hn-°pń AfI-\-μ-bnse sh≈m-c-¶-√p-Iƒ˛ cmP≥ Im°-\m-S≥

ad-°m≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ `qan-bn¬ ]nd-°m-Xn-cn-°-emWv Ffp-∏-sa∂v Ihn ]d-bp-∂Xv F¥p-sIm-≠mhmw?

a\- n¬ ]Xn-bp∂ Nne Hm¿Ω-Iƒ ˛Xo-{h-ambn thZ-\n-∏n-®-htbm hf-sc-b-[nIw kt¥m-jn-∏n-®-htbm Bb ˛Hcn-°epwambv®p-I-f-bm≥ ]‰m-Ø-XmWv.

\nß-fpsS a\- n¬ Hm¿Ω-bmbn ImØp-kq-£n® GsX-¶nepw Hc-\p-`hw ]d-bmtam?

N¿-®

Ip∏mbw

"Ip∏mbw' F∂ ]mT-`mKw Ipń-Iƒ au\-hm-b-\ \S-Øp∂p.

kwL-ambn hmbn-®-h-X-cn-∏n-°¬.

Ipń-Iƒ sNdp-kw-L-ß-fmbn amdp-∂p. ]mT-`mKw \n›n-X-`m-K-ß-fm°n Xncn®v Hmtcm

kwL-Øn\v \¬Ip-∂p. Iq´-ßfnse Hmtcm Ipń hmbn-®-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

hmb-\bv°p tijw ¢m-kn\p ap∂n¬ Xbm-dm-°nb Ccn-∏n-S-Øn¬ HmtcmkwLmw-Khpw Ccn-°p-Ibpw HmtcmcpØ-cmbn Xßƒ°v e`n® `mKw hmb-n®-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

hmbn-®-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ {i≤n-t°≠ Imcy-ßƒ

♦ Dds° hmb\♦ A£-c-kv^p-SX♦ i_vZ-hn-\ymkw♦ kw`m-j-W-`m-K-ß-fpsS Ah-X-cWw

{Kq∏v ]¶m-fnØwhne-bn-cpØWw

anI®A-h-X-cWw,hy‡n-KXAh-X-cWwF∂nhIs≠-Øp∂p.

kqN-\I-ƒ

G‰hpw CjvS-s∏´ `mKw. ˛ F¥p-sIm≠v CjvS-s∏´p?

IYm-]m-{X-ßƒ Bsc√mw?

IY-bnse Ipń-bp-sS- am-\-kn-Im-hÿ

Ieym-W-Øn\v

t]mIm≥

]‰m-Ø-t∏mƒ.

Ieym-W-®-S-ßn¬

{][m\ ÿm\w

e`n-®-t∏mƒ.

N¿-®



XpS¿∂v Bkzm-Z-\Ønte°p \bn-°p∂ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ \S-°-Ww. Ipń-Iƒ kwL-ambn amdp-∂p. hmbn® `mK-Øp-\n∂p {]k-‡-amb tNmZy-ßƒ \n¿Ωn-°p-∂p.Bh-iy-amb \n¿tZ-i-ßƒ \¬Ip-∂p.

˛ {]k-‡-amb Bi-b-ß-fn-te°v \bn-°Ww.˛ efn-X-am-bn-cn-°Ww.˛ D]-tNm-Zy-ßƒ IqSn Dƒs∏-Sp-ØWw.

Iq´mbn hmbn®v FUn‰v sNbvXv sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

Nne DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ

AΩn-Wn-tbm-∏p-hns‚ IeymWw \n›-bn®hnhcw Adn-™-t∏mƒ, Xs∂ G‰hpw Ae-ń-bn-cp∂ {]iv\w GXm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂mWvFw.-Sn. ]d-bp-∂Xv?

"AΩ s\bvØs\ {]mIn'˛ F¥p-sIm≠v?

"]nt‰∂v Fs‚ DSp-∏ns‚ Imcyw AΩbv°vho≠pw Btem-N\ h∂p.' At∏mƒ AΩ\n¿tZ-in-®-sX¥v?

anI®tNmZy-ßƒD≠m-°nbkwLsØIs≠ØnA`n-\-μn-°q.-

tNmtZym-Ø-c-∏-b‰v

F√m kwLhpw tNmZy-ßƒ Xbm-dm-°nb tijw tNmtZym-Ø-c-∏-b‰v kwL-Sn-∏n-°mw. (]mT-`m-K-Øn-s\m-Sp-hn¬ sImSpØ tNmZyw ˛ "Rms\mcp Ifhp]d™p: ""F\n°v ]‰o-sXm-∂pwey Ahs‚ Iøn-ev.'' Ipń Ifhp]d-™-sX¥n\m-hmw? Ipń-Iƒ \n¿Ωn-®-h-bn¬ h∂n-s√-¶n¬ A[ym-]nI D∂-bn-°-Ww).

hni-I-e-\-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm°mw

Sn.-_n. {]h¿Ø\w ˛hm-b\

IY-bpsS {]kIv-X-`mKw ]mT-`m-K-Øp-\n∂p Is≠-Øp-∂p.

kwL-ßfn¬ N¿®.

kqN-\Iƒ

Cßs\ Nn¥n-°m-\p≈ Imc-Ww.

Ipń-bpsS Pohn-Xm-hÿ.

AXv XcWw sNbvX-sßs\?

N¿-®

XpS¿∂v Xmsg ]d-bp∂ Imcy-ßƒ N¿®-sN-øp∂p.

Ieym-W-Øn≥ ]s¶-SpØt∏mƒ Ah-\p-≠mb A\p-`hw.

]pXp-Xmbn Xbv∏n® Ip∏mbw Ah-\n¬ D≠m-°nb Bfl-hn-izmkw.

HSp-hn¬ AΩ ]d-™n´pw Ip∏mbw Agn-®p-h-bv°m≥ Xbm-dm-Im-ØXv.

kwL-N¿®bv°p tijw hy‡n-K-X-ambn Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.


ebmfwF´mwXcw


anI-®-tXXv? F¥p-sIm≠v?

s]mXp-N¿®-bn-eqsS kqN-I-ßƒ cq]o-I-cn-°p-∂p.

♦ {]k-‡-amb Bi-b-ß¬ Is≠-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.

♦ kz¥w \nco£-W-ßfpw \ne-]m-Sp-Ifpw DZml-c-W-ßƒ tN¿Øv hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v.

♦ Npcp°n Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v.

kqN-I-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]cn-tim-[\.

sa®-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-gp-X¬

t]m¿´vt^mfn-tbm-bn-te°v.

]g-b-Im-e-Po-hnX-sØ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ hm°p-Iƒ

]mT-`mKw kwL-ambn hmbn-°p∂p.

C∂v {]Nm-c-Øn-en-√mØXpw ]g-b-Im-eØv D≠mbn-cp-∂Xp-amb ]Z-ßƒ Is≠-Ø¬.

G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ Is≠-Øn-b-Xmcv?

]Z-ßƒ

{ia-°m¿ s\bvØ≥ sZÆ-f°w s]ń-∏m´v

]Z-t®-cp-h-Iƒ Is≠Ømw

Sn._nbnse DZm-l-c-W-ß-fpsS `mKw am{Xw Nm¿ń¬ FgpXn {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p.

Ipń-I-fpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ hn{K-ln®p ]d-bp-∂p.

]mT-`m-K-Øp-\n∂p IqSp-X¬ ]Z-t®-cp-h-Iƒ kwL-ambnIs≠-Øp-∂p.

Hcp kwLØn¬\n∂v Hcmƒ F∂- co-Xn-bn¬ Ah¿Xs∂Nm¿ń¬ Fgp-Xp-∂p. a‰p- kwLßƒ hn{K-ln®p ]d-bs´.

ka-kvX-]-Z-ß-fpsS A¿Yw a\- n-em°n hn{K-ln®p ]d-bp-∂-Xn-te°v Ipń-I-fpsS {i≤ \bn-°-Ww.

Ub-dn-°p-dn∏v

]mT-`m-K-Øns‚ hy‡n-K-X-hm-b\.

Ub-dn-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°¬.

hy‡n-KX Ah-X-cWw ˛ GXm\pw t]¿.

Fßs\ XpSßpw?

C∂v AΩn-Wn-tbm-∏p-hns‚ Ieym-W-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]Xn-hnepw t\ctØ Rm≥Fgpt∂-‰p.

Gsd kt¥m-j-tØm-sS-bmWv Rm≥ C∂v Dd-°-ap-W¿Ø-Xv. Icp-∏-d-ºn¬ t]mI-Ww. AΩn-Wn-tbm-∏p-hns‚ Ieym-W-am-Wv......

cN-\-bnse anIhv

A[ym-]nI

hne-bncp-ØWw

IqSp-X¬Is≠ØnbkwLw, ]Zwhn{K-ln®v ]d-™-h¿ F∂n-hscA`n\-μn-°Ww.Sn.Fw ¬ Ipdn-°Ww



D≈-S-°-Øn¬ Fs¥√mw?

AΩnWn-tbm-∏p-hns‚ IeymWw.

t]mb-Xm-scms°?

kt¥mjw tXm∂n-b-Xn\v ImcWw?

NS-ßn¬ X\n°v Inńb tPmen.

a‰p-≈-h-cpsS A`n-{]mbw.

X\n°p≠mb Bfl-hn-izmkw.

Pohn-X-Ønse ad-°m-\m-hmØ Znhkw.

N¿-®

sa®-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-gp-X¬

♦ {][m-\m-i-b-ßƒ {]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-´p≠v.♦ sshIm-cn-I-X-bp-W¿Øpw-hn-[w A\p`h-ßƒ Xnc-s™-Sp-Øn-´p-≠v.♦ DNn-X-amb `mj-bn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v.

hkv{Xw Bh-iy-Øn-\m-Wv, BUw-_-c-Øn-\√

kqN-\Iƒ

hkv{X-Øns‚ {]m[m\yw.

hkv{X-tØmSv ]pXnb Xe-ap-d-bv°p≈ Xm¬∏cyw

hnti-j-®-S-ßp-I-fn¬ BUw-_-c-h-kv{X-ap-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂X.v

^mj≥{àw

N¿-®

s]mXp Ah-X-cWw ˛ khn-ti-j-amb {]Xn-I-c-W-ßƒ Sn.FΩn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

Fgp-Øp-Im-c\v Hcp IØv

Sn._n. {]h¿Ø\w ˛hm-b\

]mTw hy‡n-K-X-ambn hmbn-°p∂p.

Bi-b-]Sw cq]o-I-cn-°p-∂p.

Ah-X-c-W-coXn

a\- ns\

kv]¿in® `mKw

kw`-h-ßƒ

{]tabw

`mj**

Xe-s°´v CjvS-amhm≥ ImcWwIp∏mbw

ebmfwF´mwXcw


Ch-sb-√m-apƒs∏-SpØn hy‡n-K-X-ambn IØv Xbm-dm-°p∂p.


IØn‚ LS\ N¿®sNøp-∂p. Nne amXr-I-Iƒ

]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

sa®-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-gp-X¬ t]m¿ vt^m-fn-tbm-bn-te°.v


♦ {]k-‡-amb Bi-b-ßƒ D≠v

♦ Bi-b-ß-fpsS mhw, sshIm-cn-IX F∂nh {]Xn-]mZn-°p-∂-Xn\v A\p-tbm-Py-amb `mj (L-S-\, {]tbm-K-ßƒ, ssien).

♦ IØns‚ LS\ (B-cv, B¿°v, Fhn-sS-\n-∂v, XpS-°w, D≈-S-°w,D]-kw-lm-cw, t]cv, H∏v apX-em-b-h).

_jo¿ F∂ _ey H∂v

{]mcw-`-{]-h¿Ø\w

Ihn-X-bn-te°p IS-°p-∂-Xn\p apºv _jo-dn-s\-°p-dn®v ap≥¢m-kp-I-fnepw a‰pwa\- n-em-°nb Imcy-ßƒ ]p\¿hn-Nn-¥\w sNøm≥ Ah-k-c-sam-cp-°Ww.

"_jo¿ Z am≥' F∂ tUmIypsa‚dn (Fw.F. dlvam≥ kwhn-[m\w sNbvXXv){]Z¿i\w.

_jo-dns‚ PohnXw

IY-Iƒ, t\mh-ep-Iƒ

{]ikvX IYm-]m-{X-ßƒ

IrXn-I-fpsS khn-tijX

N¿-®

Npa¿]-{XnI Xbm-dm°mw

ssh°w apl-ΩZv _jo-dn-s\-°p-dn®v kwL-ßfmbn Npa¿]-{XnI Xbm-dm-°-s´.

Npa¿]-{XnI D≠m-°p-tºmƒ Fs¥ms°?

Xe-hm-NIw Nn{X-ßƒ eLp-hn-h-c-W-ßƒ BI¿j-I-amb hn\ymkw Ipń-I-fpsS hc-Iƒ

Ah-X-c-Ww˛ N¿® ˛ {]Z¿i\w

IhnXhmb\

]mT-`mKw Ipń-Iƒ hy‡n-K-X-ambn hmbn-°p-∂p.

kwL-ambn CuW-Øn¬ Be-]n-°-∂p.

Bi-b-]Sw,N¿®-bnse ]¶m-fn-Øw,

t]m¿´vt^m-fntbm A[ym-]nI

hne-bncp-ØWw.



CuWw Xmfw `mhm-fl-IX ]¶m-fnØw

Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-N¿®

tNmZy-ßƒ Nm¿ń¬ {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p.

]c-kv]cw

hne-bncp-ØWw.

√ Ihnbpw IYm-Im-c\pw I≠p-ap-ń-b-sX-hn-sS-h-®mWv?

√ hnjvWp-\m--cm-b-W≥ \ºq-Xncn _jo-dn-t\mSvBh-iy-s∏-´-sX-¥mWv?

√ _jo-dns\ Ihn Fß-s\-sb-√m-amWv hnti-jn-∏n-®Xv?

√ "Dds° Nncn-®p-sIm-≠-ßX≥ adp-]Sn'˛ F¥m-bn-cp∂p adp-]Sn?

√ "lnμphpw apk¬am\pw BN-cn-∏Xo ssZzXw'˛F¥mWv Cu ssZzXw?

Ipń-Iƒ Ihn-Xm- mKw hmbn®v kwL-ßfn¬ N¿®-sNbvXv tNmZy-ß-tfmSv {]Xn-I-cn-°-s´.

s]mXp-N¿® ˛ Iqń-t®¿°-ep-Iƒ

Fs¥√mw ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ

hcn-Iƒ Is≠Øn hmb\.

""Ipgn-bm-\-bn,-em-Sn¬, Afi-tIm-Sn-bn¬ kvt\l˛

s∏mcpƒ tXSn\ ssIbm¬'' F∂ hcn-Iƒ kwL-ßfmbn hni-I-e\w sNøp-∂p.

hcn-I-fpsS kqN\ \¬Ip∂ IrXn-Iƒ

]mØp-Ω-mbpsS BSv ‚p∏p-∏m-s°m-cm-t\-≠m¿∂p `qan-bpsS Ah-Im-in-Iƒ

Is≠Ønb -Ir-Xn-I-fpsS hmb-\m-\p-`hw ]¶p-h-bv°¬/ hmbn-®-h-X-cWw.

hni-I-e\N¿®˛ _jo-dns‚ ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ Is≠-Ø¬. hy‡n-_‘w IpSpw-_-kvt\lw kl-Po-hn-I-tfm-Sp≈ ImcpWyw `qan-bnse k¿h-N-cm-N-c-ßsfbpw ka-`m-h-\-tbmsS ImWm-\p≈ Ignh.v {]]-©-kvt\lw {]]-©m-t\z-jWw

Cßs\ hnim-e-amb Xe-ß-fn-te°v N¿® \bn-°p-Ibpw t{ImUo-I-cn-°p-IbpwsNø-Ww.

{it≤-b-amb {]Xn-I-c-W-ßƒ

Sn.FΩn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-ØWw.

ebmfwF´mwXcw


""F\n°v hr£-ß-sfbpw sNSn-I-sf-bp-sams° henb CjvS-am-Wv.

Hmtcm hr£-sØbpw Hmtcm sNSn-sbbpw Rm≥ kvt\ln-°p-∂p. -

Rm≥ h¿Ø-am\w ]d-™m¬ sNSn-Iƒ°pw hr£-ßƒ°pw a\- n-

em-Ipw- -F-∂p-hsc F\n°v tXm∂o-´p-≠v.''

* * * * * * * * * *Rm≥ B¿°pw D]-{Z-h-sam∂pw sNøm-dn-√. F∂m¬ Ign-bp∂

klmbw sNøpw. F\n°p henb taml-ßƒ C√, taml-ßƒ H´pw

D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]ns∂ CsXms°˛ssZ-hm-\p-{K-lw. At{X-bp-≈q.

Rßƒ Rß-fpsS ]d-ºn-ep≈ Hcp Pohn-sbbpw sIm√m-dn-√.

(_jo-dns‚ ImgvN-Iƒ˛ ssh°w apl-ΩZv _jo¿)

Xmc-X-ay-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm°mw

Ihn-Xm-`m-K-ßƒ -˛ hy‡n-K-X-hm-b\

c≠p-t]-cpsS {Kq∏n¬ Bibw Is≠-Ø¬.

Bi-b-]-S-]q-co-I-cWw (hy-‡n-K-Xw)

_jo¿ F∂_ey H∂v

kX

yhpw k

Xyh

pw t

Ncp

-tºmƒ

he

nb k

Xy-a

m-bn-Ø

o-cp∂

p.

AssZz-X-Z¿i\w

"H∂pw H∂pw tN¿∂m¬ CΩnWn_seym∂v'-˛ _mey-Im-e-kJn

t{]a-kw-KoXw

Rm\pw Ah\pw

`hm\pw H∂m-Wv.

A\ys‚ kpJwXs‚ kpJ-am-bn-°m-Wp∂p.

a‰p-≈

-h-cp

sS Z

pxJw

Xs‚

ZpxJ

-amb

n amd

p∂p

c≠p-t]-cpsS kwLØn¬ Bi-b-]Sw hmbn®v sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø¬.


Bib-]Sw hy‡n-K-X-ambn sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø¬.

hy‡n-K-X-ambn Xmc-X-ay-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°¬.

Iq´mb hmb-\˛ sa®-s∏-´Xv Is≠-Ø¬.

anI-®Xv Ah-X-cWw.

F¥p-sIm≠v anI-®Xv?- ˛ kqN-I-ßƒ cq]o-I-cn-°¬.

♦ c≠p Ihn-Xm-`m-K-ß-fn-sebpw Bibw Is≠-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.♦ Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v.♦ DNn-X-amb `mj-bn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v.

kqN-I-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hy‡n-K-X-ambn sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø¬ t]m¿ vt^m-fn-tbm-bn-te°v.



Xe-s°-´v Adnbmw

Xe-s°-ńs‚ HuNnXyw N¿®-sN-øp∂p

kqN-\Iƒ

F¥p-sIm≠v Cß-s\-sbmcp Xe-s°´v?

_jo-dns‚ {]Ir-Xn-Z¿i\w.

_jo-¿-Ir-Xn-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ.

H∂pw H∂pw Iqń-bm¬ _ey H∂v.

a\p-jys\ a\p-jy-\m-bn-°≠ _jo¿.

Ihn-X-bn¬ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ.

N¿-®

Xes°- ns‚ Bi-b-hn-i-I-e-\-Øn-te°p \bn-°m≥ klm-bn-°p-∂-hn-[-Øn¬kqN-\I-ƒ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. {]k-‡-amb Bi-b-ßƒ Dƒs∏-SpØnN¿® t{ImUo-I-cn-°Ww.

hy‡n-K-X-ambn Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°p∂p.

Ah-X-c-Whpw s]mXp-N¿®bpw sa®-s∏-Sp-Øepw.

tiJ-cn°mw

Hcp Ihn as‰mcp Fgp-Øp-Im-c-s\-°p-dn®v Fgp-Xnb IqSp-X¬ Ihn-X-Iƒ tiJ-cn-°m≥ \n¿tZin-°Ww.

Ch-s\-°qSn ˛ k®n-Zm-\-μ≥ (ssh-tem-∏n-≈n-sb-°p-dn-®v)

_e-`-{Zs‚ Nncn ˛ A°nØw (hn.-sI.-F∂ns\°pdn-®v)

taL-cq-]≥ ˛ B‰q¿ (]n.- Ip-™n-cm-a≥\mb-sc-°p-dn-®v)

NneXv ¢mkn¬ hmbn-®-h-X-cn-∏n-°Ww.

\\-bmØ ag

ag-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ GsX-¶nepw hoUntbm {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p.

Ipń-I-fpsS ag-b-\p-`-h-ßƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ Ah-kcw (t\-c-\p-`-htam hmb-\m-\p- -h-tam).

Ipń-Iƒ sNdp-kw-L-ß-fm-hp-∂p˛ Hmtcm kwLØn\pw Hmtcm∂p hoXw XmsgsImSpØ hmIy-ßƒ Fgp-Xnb \dp-°p-Iƒ \¬Ip-∂p.

hoSv Hcp Ieym-W-ho-Smbn Na-s™m-cp-ßp∂ kμ¿`w. Rm≥ kzbw ]q°-f-am-Ip∂ A\p-`hw. HmW-°m-eØv hcp∂ ag. kvIqƒIm-eØv s]øm-dp≈ ag. ag-tbmSv ]nW-ßnb kμ¿`w. thZ-\n-∏n-°p∂ ag-b-\p-`hw.

]mT-`mKw hmbn®v CXn¬ ]d-bp∂ kμ¿`w Is≠Øn hmbn-®-h-Xcn-∏n°-s´.

ebmfwF´mwXcw


{]tbm-K-`wKn Is≠-Ø¬

CØcw kμ¿`-ßƒ at\m-l-c-am-°m≥ Fgp-Øp-Im¿ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ {]tbm-K-ßƒ Ipń-I-fpsS {i≤-bn¬ sIm≠p-h-cp-∂p.

Sn._n {]h¿Ø\w˛ Nm¿ń¬ FgpXn {]Z¿in-∏n-°p∂p.

ag-bpsS sh≈n-\q-ep-Iƒ hoSn\p Np‰pw tXmcWw Xq°p-∂-Xp-

t]mse tXm∂p∂p.

ag-bØv DXn-cp∂ ]hn-g-a-√n-∏q-°ƒ ap‰-tØ-°-√˛ Dbn-cn-te-°mWv

hogp-∂Xv.

Cu {]tbm-K-ßƒ kμ¿`-Øn\v F{X-am{Xw am‰p Iq´p∂p?- - ˛ N¿®

ag-bpsS sh≈n-Xq-h-ep-Iƒ.........

HmSn´ hoSn\p apI-fn¬ s]øp∂ ag. HmSn-d-ºn-eqsS \qep-t]mse ]Xn-°p∂ ag. CXv hoń-en-cp∂v ImWp-tºm-gp≈ `wKn. Ieym-W-ho-Sns‚ A¥-co£hpambn Xmc-Xayw.

DXn-cp∂ ]hn-g-a-√n-∏q-°ƒ........

ac-s°m-ºn¬\n∂v s]øp∂ ag˛ ]q°ƒ hogp-∂-Xp-t]mse tXm∂p∂p. ]hn-g-a-√n-∏q-hns‚ sh◊. agØp-≈n-bp-ambn ]qhn-\p≈ kmZriyw. \ne-tØ°p ]Xn-°p∂ ag-Øp-f-fn-Isf ]hn-g-a-√n-∏q-°ƒ hnXm-\n-®-Xp-t]mse

F∂p tXm∂n-°p-∂p.

CØcw hni-Zmw-i-ß-fn-eqsS N¿® \bn®v kμ¿`-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn® {]tbm-K-Øns‚ `wKn, kuμcyw F∂nh hy‡-am-hpw-hn[w N¿® t{ImUo-I-cn-°-Ww.

hnti-j-W-ßƒ Is≠Ømw

Hcp ]Z-tØm-sSm∏w tNcp∂ hnti-j-W-]-Z-ßƒ AXv {]tbm-Kn-°p∂kμ¿`sØ IqSp-X¬ `mh-Xo-{h-am-°p∂p.

Nne DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ \¬In N¿®-sN-ømw.

DZm-l-cWwIq¿Ø-ag

b£n-ag

ASnh-c-bn´ hnti-jWw tN¿°p-tºmƒ Fs¥√mw khn-ti-j-X-I-fmWv \nß-

fpsS a\- n¬ ]Xn-bp-∂Xv?

Iq¿Ø-agagbpsS i‡n

Xo{hX

b£n-agt]Sn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ ag

BI¿jn-°p∂ ag

Cßs\ hnti-j-W-]-Z-Øns‚ khn-i-j-X-I-sf√mw AXn¬ tNcp∂ ]Z-Øn\pwe`n-°p-∂p.



hmIy-am-Xr-I-Iƒ

Ipń-°m-eØv HmW-∏q-°-f-an-Sm≥ t\cØv IrXy-ambnhcpw ag.

Ipń°m-eØv HmW-∏q-°-f-an-Sm≥ t\-cØv ag IrXy-ambn hcpw.

c≠p hmIy-ßfpw _n._n bn¬ Fgp-Xp-∂p.

ASn-h-c-bn´ ]Zw BZy-hm-Iy-Øns‚ Ah-km\w tN¿°p-tºmƒD≠mb {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ Fs¥√mw?

sXm´p-apºv hcp∂ "IrXyX' F∂ ]Z-Øn\v Du∂¬ hcp-∂p.

]Xn-hmbn hcm-dp≠v F∂ kqN\ e`n-°p-∂p.

c≠m-asØ hmIy-Øn¬ ag F∂ ]Zw hmIy-a-[y-Øn¬ {]tbm-Kn-®-t∏mƒ F¥p hyXym-k-amWv A\p-`-h-s∏-´Xv?

ag F∂ ]Z-Øn\v IqSp-X¬ Du∂¬ e`n-°p-∂p.

IYm-k-μ¿`-Øn¬ Cßs\ {]tbm-Kn-®Xv F¥p-sIm-≠mhmw?

IYm-k-μ¿`-Øn¬ ag F∂ ]Zw Bh¿Øn®v {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≠v. ChnsS agbv°v {]tXyIw Du∂¬ \¬tI-≠-Xp-sIm-≠mhmw Cßs\ D]-tbm-Kn-®-Xv.

N¿-®

N¿® t{ImUo-I-cn-°p-tºmƒ Hmtcm ]Zhpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂Xns‚ HuNn-XyhpwAXXv kμ¿ -Øn¬ AXn\v e`n-°p∂ A¿Y-hym-]vXn-bpsS {]m[m\yhpw kqNn-∏n-°-Ww.

ag-b-\p-`hw FgpXmw

{]h¿Ø-\-`m-KØv \¬Inb "ag-sh-≈-Øn¬' F∂ Ihn-Xm-`mKw hmbn-°-s´.

IqSp-X¬ ag-b-\p-`-h-ßƒ hnhn[ IrXn-I-fn¬\n∂p Ipń-Iƒ Is≠-ØWw.(¢mkv sse{_dnbn¬ Bh-iy-am-b- ]p-kvX-I-ßƒ e`y-am-°-Ww).

A∂sØ ag ˛ XIgn s]øp∂ ImcpWyw ˛ kpK-X-Ip-amcn ag ˛ ]n.- ]-fl-cm-P≥ ag s]øp∂ s]ø-enev ˛ Fw.Sn.

IrXn-Iƒ hmbn®v kwL-ambn AXnse khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´.

♦ ag-bpsS hc-hns\ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®Xv.♦ ag s]ø-ense sshhn[yw.♦ Hmtcm ImeØpw s]øp∂ ag.♦ Ah-X-c-W-coXnbnse hy-X-y-kvX-X.

Ipń-Iƒ Ah-cpsS A\p- hw Ah¿°n-jvS-s∏´ hyh-lm-c-cq-]-Øn¬ Fgp-X-s´.

IY IhnX Ubdn A\p-`-h-°p-dn∏v

GXm\pw t]cpsS Ah-X-c-Ww˛ N¿® sa®-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-gp-X¬˛ ]Xn∏n-te°v

ebmfwF´mwXcw


]Xn∏v Xbm-dm°mw

Ipń-Iƒ kvIqƒ sse{_dn/kao-]sØ a‰p sse{_-dn-Iƒ kμ¿in®v {]i-kvX-cpsS Hm¿Ω-Ifpw A\p-`-h-ßfpw tiJ-cn-°-s´.

Is≠-Øn-bh kwLØn¬ hmbn-®-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

Bh-iy-amb FUn-‰nMv \SØn anI-®h s]mXp-hmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

¢mkvX-e-Øn¬ ]Xn∏v D≠m-°p∂p.

]Xn-∏p-≠-°p-tºmƒ {i≤n-t°-≠h

X∂n-cn-°p∂ taJ-e-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ IrXy-ambtiJcw.

Nn{X-ßƒ, hc-Iƒ F∂nh {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-ØWw. BI¿j-I-amb hn\ymkw.

¢mkn¬ {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-Ibpw ]p\-cp-]-tbm-K-km-[yX Dd-∏m-°p-Ibpw sNø-Ww.

cN-\-bnse anIhv,]¶m-fnØw A[ym-]nI

hne-bn-cp-ØWw.

Imhy-tem-I-kva-c-W-Iƒ ˛ sshtem-∏n≈n Acßp ImWmØ \S≥ ˛ Xns°m-Sn-b≥ ap≠q¿ IrjvW≥Ipń Htcm¿Ω˛ Sn.-B¿. AP-b≥ NnZw-_-c-kva-cW ˛ _me-N-{μ≥ Np≈n-°mSv Hm¿Ω-bpsS lrZ-b-kv]-μ\w ˛ tUm. F≥. {]Xm-]vIp-am¿ I¿Ω-KXn ˛ {]^.- Fw.-sI. km\p

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-ßƒ

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ae-bmfw - SCERT...ae-bmfw So®¿ sSIvÃv Xbm-dm- n-bXv kwÿm\ hnZym-`ymk Kth-jW ]cn-io-e\ kanXn (SCERT), tIcfw 2015 VIII Ãm≥tU¿Uv tIc-f-k¿ m¿ hnZym-`ym-k-h-Ip∏v State Council