lb¿ sk-°‚dn ae-bmfw - SCERT · lb¿ sk-°‚dn tIc-f-k¿°m¿ hnZym-`ym-k-h-Ip∏v Xbm-dm-°n-bXv kwÿm\ hnZym-`ymk Kth-jW ]cn-io-e\ kanXn (SCERT), tIcfw 2015 ae-bmfw So®¿ sSIvÃv

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lb¿ sk-°‚dn

tIc-f-k¿°m¿

hnZym- ym-k-h-Ip∏v

Xbm-dm-°n-bXv

kwÿm\ hnZym-`ymk Kth-jW ]cn-io-e\ kanXn (SCERT), tIcfw

2015

ae-bmfwSo®¿ sSIvÃv

XII

inev]imebn¬ ]s¶SpØh¿

Fw. kn±oJv, - F≥.F.Fw.Fw.F®v.Fkv.Fkv. s]cnßØq¿, IÆq¿

A–pdlnam≥ hn.sI, Kh. am∏nf F®v.-F-kv.-Fkv, sImbnem≠n

tUm. kp-tc-jv, hn.]n.-Fw.-F-kv.-F≥.-Un.]n.F®v.-Fkv. Ign-{ºw, Xriq¿

A\-kv Fw. ]n, F≥. Fkv. F®v.Fkv.Fkv, s\m®mSv, tImgn-t°mSv

B‚p F. Un. Un. F®v.Fkv.Fkv, a‰w, Xriq¿

{]km-Zv sI. bp, Kh. F®v.Fkv.Fkv, ap√-t»cn, Xriq¿

at\mPvIpam¿ kn. sI, sk‚ v ssa°nƒkv F®v.Fkv.Fkv, IÆq¿

Fkv. Pb-Ip-am¿, Kh. tKƒkv F®v.Fkv.Fkv, Ccn-ßm-e-°pS

{]q v

]n. blnb, Pn.hn.F®v.Fkv.Fkv, ]øm\°¬, tImgnt°mSv

te Hu v

Fw. {iol¿j≥, \{º-ØvIc bp.-]n. -kvIqƒ, sImbn-em-≠n, tImgn-t°mSv

hnZ-Kv[-]-cn-tim-[\

tUm. tPm¿Pv HmW°q¿, ap≥ Ub-d-IvS¿, tÃ‰v C≥Ãn-‰yq v Hm v F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Un-b

tUm. F¬. tXma-kv-Ip- n, -a-e-bm-f˛tIc-f -]-T-\-hn- mKw ta[m-hn, tImgn-t°mSv k¿h-I-em-ime

A°mZanIv tImUnt\‰¿

Fw.kn. tPmkvIp- n, dnk¿®v Hmôk¿, Fkv.kn.C.B¿.Sn. tIcfw

{]nb A[ym-]-I-tc,

]{¥≠mw ¢mknse c≠mw `mj ae-bmfw ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ Fgp-Ø-Iw,

X\-Xn-Sw, Z¿∏-Ww, am[yaw F∂n-ßs\ \mep bqWn-‰p-I-fm-Wp-≈-Xv. F√m

bqWn-‰nsebpw ]mT- m-Km-¥y-Øn≥ \n›n-X- ]-T-\-t\- -ßƒ B¿Pn-°m≥ ]cym-

]vX-am-hp∂ ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ \n¿tZ-in-®n- p-≠v. Hmtcm bqWn-‰n-s‚bpw ka-

{K-e-£yw km£m-¬°-cn-°pw-hn-[-amWv Ch-bpsS {Iao-I-c-Ww. ]pkvX-I-Øn-

ep≈ ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ {]{In-bm-_-‘n-X-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ DX-Ip∂

amXr-I-Iƒ So®¿ sSIvÃn¬ Hcp-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. CtXm-sSm∏w ]mTm-]-{K-Y-\hpw

A[n-I-hn-h-c-ßfpw {]iv\-ta-J-e-Iƒ ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-X-c-Øn-ep≈ hni-Zo-I-c-W-

ßfpap≠v. CXn-\p-]cn ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Ønse Nn{X-ßfpw ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø\ kμ¿ -

ß-fn¬ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.

]T-\m-¥-co-£w, ]Tn-Xm-°-fpsS {]Ir-Xw, {]mtZ-in-Ihpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb kml-

N-cyw, uXn-I-ku-I-cy-ßƒ F∂n-h-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ {]h¿Ø-\ß-fn¬

Bh-iy-amb kzmX-{¥yhpw hg-°hpw kzoI-cn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. At∏mgpw

\n›nX]T-\-t\- -ßƒ F√m ]Tn-Xm-°-fnepw FØn-°p-∂Xn\m-hWw Du∂¬.

So®¿πm-\¿ tIhew bm{¥n-I-\n¿Ωn-Xn-bm-h-cp-Xv. {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS IrXy--X-

bv°p-th-≠n-bm-h-W-a-Xv. \nc-¥-chpw ka-{Khpamb aqey-\n¿W-b-Øn\pw {]h¿Ø-

\m-kq-{X-W-Øn-\p-ap≈ ASn-ÿm-\-tc-J-bmbn So®¿πm-\-dns\ t\m°n-°m-W-Ww.

Hmtcm {]h¿Ø-\hpw kq£va-amb hne-bn-cp-Ø-en\v hnt[-b-am-th-≠-Xp-≠v. CXn-

\mbn cN-\m-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ BIv‰n-hn-‰n-tem-Kn¬ Ipń-Iƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-t≠m-

sb∂v A[ym-]nI Dd-∏p-h-cp-Ø-Ww. t]m¿ vt^m-fn-tbm-bn-te°v t]mtI-≠h Ipń-

I-fpsS {i≤-bn¬ sIm≠p-h-c-Ww. kzbw-hn-e-bn-cp-Ø¬, ka-kw-L-hn-e-bn-cp-Ø¬,

A[ym-]n-I-bpsS hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ F∂nh A\p-tbm-Py-L- -ß-fn¬ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-

Sp-Ø-Ww. Ipń-I-fpsS n∂-\n-e-hmcw IW-°n-se-Sp-Øp-thWw hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

{]{Inb Nn -s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xv. ¢mkvap-dn-bn¬ Ffp-∏-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp∂ HmUn-

tbm-km-a-{Kn-Iƒ kpe- -am-Wv. i_vZm-h-X-c-W-km-[y-X-bp≈ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v

Ch ]c-am-h[n {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ømw. Zriym-\p-`-h-ßƒ°p {]m[m-\y-ap≈

{]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v Ah ]c-am-h[n {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ømw. Zriym-\p- -h-ßƒ°p

{]m[m-\y-ap≈ {]h¿Ø-\-L- -ß-fn¬ aƒń-ao-Un-b- Xntb-‰-dn-s‚bpw kvam¿ v ¢m-

kn-s‚bpw kuIcyw A[ym-]-I¿ Dd-∏p-h-cp-Ø-Ww.

So®¿ sSIvÃv Ah-km-\-hm-°-√, Bcw- n-°m-\p≈ Du¿P-w am{Xam-Wv. A[ym-]-

I-cpsS hmb-\-bp-sSbpw Nn¥-bp-sSbpw shfn-®-Øn¬ \nc-h[n ]pXp-a-Iƒ ¢mkvap-

dn-bn¬ D≠m-I-s´. ]T-\sØ IqSp-X¬ BI¿j-Ihpw Bkzm-Zy-hp-am-°p-∂-Xn\v

¢mkvap-dn°v ]pd-Øp≈ CS-ß-fpw Xnc-s™-Sp-°m-at√m. Fgp-Ø-—s‚ Xmfn-

tbm-e-bn¬\n∂v Fw. ap-Ip-μs‚ ssk_-dn-S-Øn-te°p k©-cn-s®-Øp∂ ]{¥-

≠mw-¢mkv c≠mw- mjm ae-bm-f- ]m-T-]p-kvX-I-Øns‚ So®¿sS-IvÃnte°v Xm¶-

fpsS {i≤-bpw hni-I-e-\-Nn-¥-bpw £Wn-°p-∂p.

kvt\l-tØmsS,

tUm. Fkv. cho-{μ≥\mb¿

UbdŒ¿

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1. tIcf kvIqƒ ]mTy-]-≤Xn 2013 ˛ s]mXp-k-ao-]-\-w ...................................... 07

2. hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ -k-ao-]\w ....................................... 303. -amXr-`mjm ]T\kao-]\w..................................... 42

Fgp-ØIw.................................................................... 51IÆmSn Im¨tamfhpw{]Imiw Pew t]msebmWvIncm-X-hrØwAh-Im-i-ß-fpsS {]iv\w

X\-XnSw ....................................................................... 102-tI-in-\o-samgnA·n-h¿Ws‚ Imep-Iƒ]Z-Øns‚ ]Y-Øn¬am∏n-f-∏m- nse tIc-fo-bX

Z¿∏Ww ........................................................................ 142sIm≈n-hm-°-√m-sXm∂pwKufnP∑wtXß_Z-cnbpw ]cn-k-c-ßfpwbap-t\m-{Xn-bpsS Dujva-f-X-bn¬

am[yaw ......................................................................... 173hmwJ-sU-bpsS lrZ-b-Øp-Sn-∏p-Iƒam[y-a-hn-Nmcw\h-am-[y-a-ßƒ: i‡nbpw km[y-XbpwssIsbm∏n-√mØ ktμiw

amXr-Im-tNm-Zy-ßƒ DØ-c-kq-NnI ................................... 208

D≈-S°w

]{¥≠v

So®¿ sSIvÃv 5

BapJw

\thm∞m\ ]mc-º-c-yhpw kuP\yhpw km¿h{XnIhpamb s]mXphnZym`ymkhpwhgn tIcfw Hcp ssh⁄m\nI kaqlambn amdn. KpWta∑bp≈ hnZym`ymkwDd∏phcpØp∂Xn\v ]mTy]≤Xn ]cnjvIcWßfneqsS {InbmflIambCSs]SepIfneqsS \ap°v km[n®n´p≠v. CØcw CSs]SepIƒ tIcfØnsehnZym`ymkcwKsØ tZim¥c{]k‡nbp≈Xm°n.

Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy-Z-i-I-ß-fn¬ Xs∂ kaq-l-Ønse F√m hn`m-K-ß-fnepws]´ Ipń-Isf hnZym-e-b-ß-fn-se-Øn°m≥ \ap°v Ign-™n- p-≠v. km¿Δ-{XnIkuP\y hnZym`ymk-Øn-\m-h-iy-amb ]cn-{i-a-ßƒ F√m Xe-ß-fnepw \S-∂n- p-≠v.Kh¨sa‚p-I-fpsS CS-s]S¬, anj-\-dn-am-cpsS {]h¿Ø-\w, kmaq-lnI]-cn-jv°-cW{]ÿm-\-ßƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-sb√mw s]mXp-hn-Zym- ym-k-Øns‚ ]ptcm-K-Xn-°p-Im-c-W-am-bn- p-≠v. kzmX-{¥y-{]m-]vXn°p tijw \ne-hn¬ h∂ tUm. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥ IΩo-j≥ dnt∏m¿´p apX¬ 2005 se tZiob ]mTy-]-≤Xn N´°qSv hsc-bp≈ tZiob ]T-\-dn-t∏m¿´p-Ifpw kao-]-\-ßfpw tIc-f-Ønse ]mTy-]-≤Xn ]cn-jv°-c-W-{ia-ßsfkzm[o-\n-®n- p-≠v.

tUm. e£vaW-kzman apX-en-bm¿ A[y-£-\mb sk°-≠dn hnZym- ymk IΩn-j≥sk°-≠dn taJ-e-bpsS {]m[m-\y-w khn-kvX-cw {]Xn]m-Zn-®p. tUm. Un.F-kv.tImØmcn A[y-£-\mb IΩoj≥ ka¿∏n® "hnZym- ym-khpw tZiob hnI-k-\hpw'F∂ dnt∏m¿ v {]mY-anI hnZym- ym-k-Xew sXm v D∂X hnZym- ym-k-Xewhsc-bp≈L´ßƒ ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am°n. Cu IΩo-j-\mWv 10+2+3 F∂ ]mt‰¨ BZy-ambnapt∂m- p-sh-®-Xv. 1986 se tZiob hnZym- ymk \bw CXv AwKo-I-cn-®p. CXns‚ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv tIc-f-Øn¬ lb¿ sk°-≠-dn- hnZym- ymkw \ne-hn¬ h∂-Xv. A[ym]I tI{μoIr-X-amb coXnbn¬ \n∂pw hyXykvX-ambn hnZym¿∞ntI{μoIrXhpw {]h¿Ø\m[njvTXhp-amb ]mTy]≤Xn ]cnjvIcWØn\v XpS°-an´Xv 1990 Ifn-em-Wv.

2005 se tZiob ]mTy-]-≤Xn N -°qSv (National Curriculum Framework 2005) C¥y≥hnZym- ym-k-Øn¬ \nc-h[n ]cn-h¿Ø-\ßƒ°p \mμn-Ip-dn-®p. XpS¿∂v NCF 2005s‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hnhn-[-hn-j-b-ß-fn¬ F≥.-kn.-C.-B¿.Sn ]mT-]p-kvX-I-ßƒXøm-dm°n. tIc-f-Øn¬ KCF 2007 cq]o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw ]mTy-]-≤Xn ]cnjv-°-cWwsslkvIqƒ X-ew -hsc \S-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. 2009 se hnZym`ym-km-h-Im-i-\n-bahpwlb¿sk°-≠dnbpambn _‘-s∏´ s{]m^. -]n.-H.-sP. e∫ IΩn-‰n- dnt∏m¿´pw ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-]-cn-jvI-c-W-Øn-\mbn Kh¨sa‚ v \ntbm-Kn® tUm. ]n.sI. A_vZpƒ AkokvIΩn‰n dnt∏m¿´pw ]mTy-]≤Xn ]cn-jvI-cWw A\n-hm-cy-am-sW∂v kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

tIcf kvIqƒ ]mTy-]-≤Xn 2013

s]mXpkao-]\w

ebmfw

6 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

tIc-f-Ønse hnZym- ymk Ncn-{X-Ønse khn-ti-j-L- -am-bn-cp∂p lb¿ sk°-≠-dn-bpsS kam-cw`w. {]oUn{Kn tImgvkv D∂X hnZym- ym-k hIp-∏n¬ \n∂p th¿s]-Sp-Øn- s]mXp-hn-Zym- ym-k hIp∏ns‚ mKam°nb-tXmsS lb¿ sk°-≠dn hnZym- ymkwhym]-I-ambn.

tIc-f-Øn¬ 1990 ¬ lb¿ sk°-≠dn Ubd-IvS-td‰v cq]o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw 31 k¿°m¿sslkvIqfp-Iƒ A]vt{KUv sNbvXv lb¿sk-°-≠dn tImgvkv Bcw`n°p-IbpwsNbvXp. Imen-°‰v k¿h-I-em-imebpsS {]o -Un{Kn kne-_kv A\p-k-cn®p≈ mjm-]m-T-]p-kvX-I-ßfpw F≥.-kn.-C.-B¿.-Sn. bpsS k_vPIvSv ]mT-]p-kvX-I-ßfpw D]-tbm-Kn-®mWv tIc-f-Øn¬ lb¿ sk°-≠dn ]T\w Bcw`n®-Xv.

1990 Ifn¬ A[yb\Ønepw A[ym]\Ønepw ka-{K-amb am‰w hcp-Øn-s°m≠v]pXnb ]mTy-]-≤Xn ss{]adn Xe-Øn¬ \ne-hn¬ h∂p. {]h¿Ø-\m-[n-jvTn-Xhpw{]{In-bm-_-‘n-Xhpw hnZym¿∞n-tI-{μo-Ir-X-hp-amb Cu Bi-b-Øn-\\p-kr-X-ambn\nc-¥-c-aq-ey-\n¿W-b- co-Xnbpw t{KUnwKv k{º-Zm-bhpw \S-∏n-em-°n. XpS¿∂v lb¿sk°‚-dn-bnepw Cu coXn \ne-hn¬h∂p. F∂m¬ ka-{K-amb ]mTy-]-≤Xn ]cn-jvI-cWw lb¿ sk°‚-dn-bn¬ \S-∏n-em-bn-cp∂n-√. Fkv.-kn.-C.-B¿.-Sn. bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Nne hnj-b-ßƒ°v ]mT-]p-kvX-I-ßfpw apgp-h≥ hnj-b-ßƒ°pwtkmgvkv_p°pIfpw FPyq-ta-‰p-w ]pd-Øn-d°n.

2007 ¬ \S-∏n-em-°nb GI-Pm-e-I-kw-hn-[m\w lb¿ sk°-≠dn {]th-i\w Imcy-£-aam°n. C -K-th-W≥kns‚ mK-ambn ]co£m \SØn∏v, sSIvÃv-_p°v C≥U‚ v,kvtImf¿jn∏pIƒ, Hm¨sse≥ {Sm≥kv ¿ XpSßnb ]cn]mSnbneqsS lb¿ sk°-≠dn kwhn[m\w kpXmcy-ambn.

sshhn-[y-am¿∂Xpw \qX\hpamb hnj-b-ßƒ Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-hm-\p≈ Ah-kcwtIc-f-Ønse lb¿ sk°-≠dn hnZym- ymkw \¬Ip-∂p. tZiob ]mTy-]-≤Xn N -°qSv 2005 apt∂m´p hbv°p∂Xnt\-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ hnjbsshhn-[y-ßƒ \¬Ip-∂-XmWv tIc-f-]mTy-]-≤Xn F∂Xv A`n-am-\m¿l-am-Wv. H∂mw `mj-bmbn Cw•ojpwc≠mw `mj-bmbn 12 sF—nI `mj-Ifn¬ H∂pw Xnc-s™-Sp-°m-\p≈ Ah-kcw]Tn-Xm-hn\v e`n-°p-∂p-≠v. imkv{X-Øn¬ 10 Dw tImta-gvkn¬ 4 Dw am\-hnI hnj-b-ß-fn¬ 32 Dw Dƒs∏sS 46 tImºn-t\-j-\p-Iƒ \ne-hn-ep-≠v. Iem]T-\-Øn\v {]tXy-IhnZym-ebw {]h¿Øn-®p-h-cp-∂p-≠v.

lb¿ sk°≠dn taJ-e-bn¬ KpW-ta-∑-bp≈ hnZym- ymkw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂-Xn\vka{K A[ym-]I ]cn-h¿Ø-t\m-∑pJ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ k¿°m¿ \S-∏n-em-°nhcp-∂p-≠v. ]T-\- t_m-[\ {]{In-b-bn¬ \ne-hn¬ A\p- -hn-°p∂ {]iv\-ßƒ N¿® sNøp-∂-Xn\pw ]T-\{]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Bkq-{XWw sNøp-∂-Xn\pw hnj-bm-[n-jvTnX A[ym-]I Iq´m-bva-Iƒ klm-bn-°p-∂p.

]mTy-]-≤Xn ]cn-jvI-c-W-Øns‚ {]k‡n

A\p-kyqXw am‰-Øn\v hnt[-b-am-hp∂ taJ-e-bmWv Adn-hn-t‚-Xv. Adn-hns‚ afi-e-Øn¬ kw -hn-°p∂ am‰-ßsf Dƒs°m≠pw {]k-‡-amb Awi-ßsf kzmwio-I-cn®pw am{Xta Imen-I-ambn hn]p-e-s∏-Sp∂ ]mTy-]-≤Xn°v apt∂-dm-\m-hq. Cu am‰-amWv tIc-f-Ønse kvIqƒ ]mTy-]-≤-Xnsb a‰v C¥y≥ kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂vhyXy-kvX-am-°p-∂-Xv.

lb¿ sk°‚-dn-bn¬ {]h¿Ø-\m-[n-jvTnX ]T-\-coXn \ne-hn¬ hs∂-¶nepw ka-

]{¥≠v

So®¿ sSIvÃv 7

{K-amb ]mTy-]-≤Xn ]cnjvIcWw \S-∂n- n-√. B\p-Im-en-I-kw- -hhn-Im-k-ß-tfmSv kwh-Zn-°p-∂Xpw lb¿sk°≠dn ]Tn-Xm-°-fpsS {]IrXw]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂-Xp-amb ]mTy-]-≤Xn]cn-jvI-cW-amWv Ct∏mƒ \S-∂p-hcp-∂-Xv. D∂-X-hn-Z-ym- -ymk taJ-e-bn-te-°p≈ Nhn-´p-]Sn F∂ \ne-bn¬lb¿sk-°-≠dn cwKsØ cmPym-¥c \ne-hm-c-Øn¬ FØn-°-emWve£yw. cmPym-¥c \ne-hmcw F∂XvGsX-¶nepw Hcp cmPy-Øns‚ hnZym-`ymk \ne-hm-c-a√. lb¿ sk°-≠dn ]T\w ]q¿Øn-bm-°p∂ ]Tn-Xm-hn\v temIØv Fhn-sS-bm-sW-¶nepwPohnXw apt∂m v \bn-°m-\p≈ tijn\¬I-em-W-Xv. Poh-k‘m-c-W-Øn\pw AXn-Po-h-\-Øn-\p-ap≈ tijn ssIh-cn-°m≥B¿Pn-t°≠ Adn-hp-I-fp-sSbpw A\p- -h-ß-fp-sSbpw BsI-Øp-I-bm-W-Xv. BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ Ah-Xcn-∏n-°-s∏´ anI® ]T\ t_m[\ amXr-I-I-fmWv \ΩpsS ]Tn-Xm-°ƒ°v e`y-am-t°-≠-Xv. AXn--\p≈ {ia-sa∂ \ne--bn-emWv ka-{K-amb ]mTy-]-≤Xn ]cn-jvI-cWw \S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xv. ]mTy-]-≤Xn Imem-\p-kr-X-ambn \ho-I-cn-t°-≠Xv A\n-hm-cy-am-sW∂v ]mTy-]--≤Xn ]cn-jvI-c-W-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v Kh-s◊‚ v\ntbm-Kn® hnZKv[ kanXn \n¿t±-in-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. IqSmsX hnZym- ymk Ah-Imi\nb-a-Ønse ]mTy-]-≤Xn, hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ F∂n-h-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ \nb-a-ßƒ ]mT-y-]-≤Xn ]cn-jvI-c-WØn¬ ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv.

hnZym- ymk Ah-Imi\nbaw ˛ 2009skIvj≥ ˛ 29 (A[ymbw 5)

]mTy-]-≤-Xnbpw hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ \S-]-Sn-{I-ahpw

(1) {]mY-anI hnZym- ym-k-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ ]mTy-]-≤-Xnbpw hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ \S-]-Sn-{I-ahpw kap-Nn-X-k¿°m-cn-\m¬ hn⁄m-]\w hgn \n¿tZ-in-°-s∏-Sp∂Hcp A°m-Z-anI A[n-Im-c-ÿm-\-Øm¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-tS-≠-XmWv.

(2) A°m-Z-anI A[n-Im-c-ÿm\w 1˛mw D]-h-Ip∏v {]Im-c-ap≈ ]mTy-]-≤-Xnbpwhne-bn-cp-Ø¬ \S-]-Sn-{I-ahpw {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-tºmƒ Xmsg ]d-bp-∂h ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. AXm-bXv :-

(a) `c-W-L-S-\-bn¬ {]Xn-jvTm-]n-X-amb aqey-ß-tfm-Sp≈ A\p-tbm-PyX.

(b) Ipń-bpsS k¿htXm-ap-J-amb hf¿®.

(c) Ipń-bpsS Adnhpw Ignhpw sshZ-Kv[yhpw {ItaW h¿[n-∏n-°¬.

(d) imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb Ign-hp-I-fpsS kºq¿W hnIk\w.

(e) Ipń°v kulr-Z-]-c-am-bXpw Ipńsb tI{μo-I-cn-®n- p-≈-Xp-amb Hcp coXn-bn¬ {]h¿Ø-\hpw I≠p]n-Sn-Øhpw ]cy-th-£-Whpw aptJ-\-bp≈]T\w.

(f) t_m[-\-am-[yaw {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-bn- p-≈n-S-tØmfw Ipń-bpsS amXr- m-j-bn-embncnt°-≠-Xm-sW-∂-Xv.

A©v h¿j-Øn-e-[n -I -ambn \ne-\n¬°p∂ ]mTy-]≤-Xnbpw kne-_kpw]mT-]p-kvX-I-ßfpw ASn-b-¥-c-ambn Fkv.-kn.-C.-B¿.-Sn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ ]cn-jvI-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

s{]m^. ]n.H.sP e∫ IΩn‰n

Hcp ssh⁄m-\nIkaqlw F∂ \ne-bn¬ Ime-L-´-Øns‚ sh√p-hn-fn-Isft\cn-Sm≥ ]mTy-]-≤Xn ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn]p\ wL-Sn-∏n-t°-≠Xpw \ho-I-cn-t°-≠Xpw A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.

tUm. ]n. sI. A_vZp¬ AkokvIΩn‰n

ebmfw

8 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

(g) `bw, am\-knI ]ncn-ap-dp-°-ap-≠m-°p∂ kml-N-cyw, DXvIWvT F∂n-h-bn¬\n∂v Ipńsb hnap-‡-am-°epw kzX-{¥-ambn A`n-{]mbw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v Ipńsb klm-bn-°-epw.

(h) Adnhv {Kln-°p-∂-Xn-\pw AXv {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn-\pap≈ Ipń-bpsS Ign-hn-s‚ ka-{Khpw \nc-¥-c-hp-amb hne-bn-cp-Ø¬.

ta¬∏-d™ LS-I-ßƒ Dd∏phcp-Øp∂ Xc-Øn¬ ]mTy-]-≤Xn ]cn-jvI-cn-t°-≠Xp≠v. Cu- ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-emWv ]mTy-]-≤Xn ]cnjvIc-WsØ ho£n-t°-≠-Xv.

tIcf kvIqƒ ]mTy-]-≤-Xn- (2013) ˛ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ

$ hnZym¿Yn tI{μoIrXamb Cu ]mTy-]-≤Xn {]{Inbm_‘nXhpw{]h¿Øt\m∑pJhpw aqeym-[njvTnXhpamWv.

$ _u≤nIXeØnepw {]{Inbm-XeØnepw kmaq-lnI˛sshIm-cn-I-X-e-Ønepw]TnXmhv FØnt®-tc≠ ]T\t\´ßƒ°v Du∂¬ \¬Ip∂p.

$ aqey-ß-fnepw at\m- m-h-ß-fnepw ]Tn-Xmhv B¿Pn-t°≠ tijn-Iƒ°v Du∂¬\¬Ip-∂p.

$ ⁄m\-\n¿ΩnXn F∂ XmØznI-amb ASnØdbn¬-\n∂psIm≠p≈]mTy]≤Xn.

$ hn\n-ab{]{In-b-bn¬ sshhn-[y-am¿∂Xpw bp‡-hp-amb ]T-\-X-{¥-ßƒ kzoI-cn-°m\pw D]-tbm-Kn-°m-\p-ap≈ kzmX{¥yw A[ym-]-I¿°v \¬Ip-∂p.

$ ]T-\-t\- w, D≈-S°kz`m-hw, ]Tn-Xm-°-fpsS hyXykvX \ne-hmcw F∂nh Xncn-®-dn™v hnhn[ ]T\˛t_m[\ coXn-Iƒ \S-∏n-em-°p∂-Xn-\p≈ hg-°w. Is≠-Ø¬ ]T\w, Bi-b-k-ºm-Z\coXn (Concept attainment model), BK-a-\-Nn¥mcoXn (Inductive method), Nn¥-sb-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°m-\p≈ Ign-hp-Iƒhf¿Ø¬ (Metacognition), kl-I-c-W-]-T\w (Co-operative learning), kl-h¿ØnX-]-T-\w (Collaborative learning), {]Xn- -e-\-Nn¥ hf¿Ø¬ (Reflectivelearning), hy‡n-]-c-ambpw kwL-]-c-ambpw Ah-k-c-ßƒ \¬I¬ apX-em-bh]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂p.

$ kuP-\yhpw km¿h-{Xn-I-hp-amb hnZym- ym-kw Dd-∏m-°p-∂Xpt]mse F√m Ipń-I-fp-sSbpw ]T-\-t\´w Dd-∏v hcp-Øp-∂p.

$ {]o˛ss{]adn apX¬ lb¿ sk-°-≠dn hsc ]cn-K-Wn-®p-sIm-≠p-≈- ka-{K-ambn ]mTy-]-≤-Xn.

$ hnhchn\nab kmt¶XnIhnZy (sF.kn.Sn.) Hcp {]tXyI ]mTyhnjbwF∂Xnep]cn ]mTyhnjbßfpsS hn\nabw ê{]Zam°p∂Xn\p≈ HcpD]m[nbmbn D]tbmKn°p∂p.

$ {]tXyI ]cn-K-W-\-b¿ln-°p∂ Ipń-Iƒ°v hyXy-kvXhpw \qX-\-hp-amb ]T-\-X-{¥-ßƒ Bhn-jvI-cn°p∂-Xn-s\m∏w A\p-tbm-P-y-amb hne-bn-cp-Ø¬{]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ cq]-s∏-SpØp∂p.

$ ]T-\-t\- -ß-fn-¬ Du∂nb ka-{Khpw \nc¥c-hp-amb hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ (CCE)Dd∏phcp-Øp∂p.

$ BtcmKy˛ImbnIhnZym`ymkw, IemhnZym`ymkw, {]hr-Øn-]cn-Nbw F∂nh]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂p.

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So®¿ sSIvÃv 9

$ lb¿sk-°-≠-dn-X-e-Øn¬ Imem-\p-kr-X-amb ]mT-]p-kvX-I-ßƒ Xbm-dm-°p∂p.

$ hnZym- ym-k Ah-Imi-\nb-a-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ Ah-Im-im-[n-jvTnXhnZym- ym-k-Øn\v Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂p.

$ A[-ym-]-Is\ Hcp kl-c-£m-I¿Øm-hns‚ (Mentor) Xe-Øn-te°v Db¿ØnIpń°v kvIqfn-epw ¢mkvap-dn-bnepw th≠p∂ Icp-Xepw XWepw A\p- -hn-°m≥ Ah-k-c-sam-cp-°p∂p.

$ A[ym-]-I¿ ]men-t°≠ [m¿anI\nb-a-kw-ln-Xbv°v (Code of ProfessionalEthics for School Teachers) Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂p.

$ ]pXnb Ime-L- -Øns‚ sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°m≥ klm-b-I-am-hp∂]T\ss\]p-Wn-Iƒ B¿Pn-°p-∂p.

$ am\p-jnIaqey-ßƒ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Xe-ap-dsb krjvSn-°m≥ ]cym-]vX-am-b-Xv.

$ Ah-k-c-Xp-ey-Xbpw ka-Xzhpw (Equity and Equality) Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂-Xv.

]T-\sØ kzm- m-hn-I-am-°n, ]Tn-Xm-°-fp-sS _u-≤n-Ihpw am-\-kn-I--hpw {]-h¿-Ø-\-]-c-hpambp≈ k-a-{K hn-Im-kw e-£-y-am°p∂ a-kv-Xn-jv-I˛lr-Z-b˛l-kv-Xka-\-zn-X-am-b ]mT-y-]-≤-Xn (Curriculum for the harmony of Head, Heart and Hand).

]mTy]-≤Xn k-ao-]\w

hnZym- ymk a\-»m-kv{X-Ønsebpw XXz-Nn-¥-bnsebpw ]pXp-Nn-¥-Iƒ kzmwio-I-cn-®mWv \ΩpsS ]mTy-]-≤Xn hnI-kn-∏n-®-Xv. F≥.kn.F v 2005 apt∂m- ph® ⁄m\-\n¿anXn hmZamWv tIcf kvIqƒ ]mTy-]-≤-Xn 2013\pw ASn-ÿm-\-ambn \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xv. ⁄m\\n¿anXnhmZ-Øn¬ ]T\w Adn-hns‚ \n¿Ωm-W-am-Wv.

⁄mt\-{μn-b-ßfneqsS Np‰p-]m-Sn¬\n∂p ]Tn-°m-\p≈ ss\k¿Kn-I-amb Ign-hp-I-tfmsS-bmWv Ipń P\n-°p-∂-Xv. temIsØ ]pXnb coXn-bn¬ t\m°n-°m-Wm\pwa\- n-em-°m\pw CS-]-g-Im-\pw hne-bn-cp-Øm-\p-ap≈ km[y-X-I-fmWv hnZym-e-b-ØnseHu]-Nm-cnI]T\w hgn Ipń°v e`n-°p∂Xv. ]mTy-]-≤Xn hn\n-ab-k-ao-]-\-Øns‚khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Fs¥m-s°-bm-bn-cn-°Ww?

$ {]h¿Ø--\m-[n-jvTnXw

$ {]{In-bm-_-‘nXw

$ ]T\w Dd-∏m-°p-∂Xv.

$ ]T-\-t\- -ßƒ ssIh-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v ]cym-]vX-am-b-Xv.

$ ]cn-ÿn-Xn- kulr-Z-]-c-am-bXv.

$ hnIm-k-ta-JeIsf ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂Xv.

$ ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ {]Ir-X-Øn\p tbmPn-®Xv.

$ ]T-\-tØm-sSm∏w hne-bn-cp-Øepw HØp-tN¿∂p t]mIp-∂-Xv.

⁄m\\n¿anXnhmZ-Øn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb ]T-\-co-Xn-bmWv ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bpsS B[m-cw.]Tn-Xm-hns‚ B¿PnXamb Adn-hn-s\bpw Bi-b-]-cn-k-c-sØbpw ]cn-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠vê-{]-Z-amb ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Hcp-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS kzm`m-hn-I-ambn Adnhv \n¿an-s®-Sp-°m≥ km[n°pw F∂-XmWv Cu ImgvN-∏m-Sn-s‚ {]tXy-I-X.

ebmfw

10 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

]T\m-\p-`-h-ßƒ

hyXykvX PohnXkml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ \n∂v h-cp∂ ]Tn-Xm-°-fpsS B¿PnXamb Adn-hv, Ign-hv, Xm¬∏cyw F∂nh hyXy-kvX-am-W-t√m. Cu sshhn-[ysØ Dƒs°m-≠v,hy‡n-hy-Xym-kßsfbpw _lp-apJ_p≤n-sbbpw ]cn-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠v ]T-\m-\p- -h-ßƒ Hcp-°pI F∂-XmWv {][m\w.

]T-\m-¥-co£w

]Tn-Xm-hns‚ Xmev]-cy-hpw hnIm-khpw ]cn-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠v sshhn-[y-ap≈ ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-°m≥ Ign-bpw-hn[w ¢mkvapdn {Iao-I-cn-°Ww. ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ hnZym¿Yn-tI-{μo-IrXam-h-Ww. AXn\p klm-b-I-am-Ipw-hn[ap≈ ]T-\m-¥-co-£-amWv k÷-am-t°-≠Xv. ]T-\-]-cn-k-c-Øn-ep-≠m-bn- p≈ hnI-k-\hpwhf¿®bpw IW-°n-se-SpØv hnZym¿Yn tI{μo-Ir-X-ambpw {]h¿Ø\m-[n-jvT-X-hp-ambn\n∂p-sIm≠v A\p-tbm-Py-amb ]T-\-X-{¥-ßƒ kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ kzmX{¥ywA[ym-]-I-\n¬ A[n-jvTn-X-am-Wv.

]T-\-{]-{Inb

$ Hmtcm ]Tn-Xmhpw Ah-cpsS ap≥ A\p- -h-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-Øn-bmWv⁄m\\n¿amWw (Knowledge construction) \S-Øp-∂-Xv.

$ hy‡n-X-e-Ønepw A¿Y-]q¿W-amb kmaq-lnI -C-S-s]-S-eq-I-fn-eq-sSbpw⁄m\\n¿am-Ww \S-°p-∂p-≠v.

$ hyXykvX ]T-\-ssi-en-Iƒ (Learning styles), ]T-\-th-Kw (Learning pace)F∂nh ]cn-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠v C{μn-bm-\p- -h-ß (Multi sensory experiences)fneqsS ]T\w e-{]-Z-am-Ip∂p.

$ kl-h¿ØnX ]T-\-Øn-eq-sSbpw kl-I-c-Wm-fl-Ihpamb A¥-co-£-ØneqsSbpw ]T\w IqSp-X¬ e-{]-Z-am-Ip-∂p.

$ ]T-\-km-a-{Kn-Iƒ (Learning material) Xm¬∏-cy-P\Ihpw A¿Y-]q¿W-hp-am-°Ww.

$ ]T-\m-\p- -h-ßƒ Nm{In-I-ambn (Spiralling) Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xphgn ]T\w IqSp-X¬ e-{]-Z-am-Ip∂p.

$ ]T\{]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v A\p-tbm-Py-amb hg°w (Flexibility), A\p-cq-]o-I-cW (Adaptations) km[yX F∂nh Dd-∏m-°p∂XneqsS hyXykvX]T\mhiyap≈-h-scbpw A`n-cp-Nn-bp≈-h-scbpw ]cn-K-Wn-°mw.

$ ]T\-t\´w (Learning outcome) Dd-∏m-°m-\m-Ip∂ ]T-\-m\p- -h-ßƒ Hmtcm ]Tn-Xm-hn\pw e`n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

$ ]T-\hpw hne-bn-cp-Øepw ]c-kv]-c-]q-c-I-ambn \S-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

$ D≈-S°w (Content), ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ ]T-\m-h-iy-ßƒ F∂nh ]cn-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠v-tbm-Py-amb A[y-b\ ]T-\co-Xn-Ifpw X{¥-ßfpw {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒF√m-h¿°pw ]T-\-t\´w (Learning outcome) ssIh-cn-°m≥ km[n-°pw.

$ Hmtcm ]Tn-Xm-hn-s‚bpw ka-{K-hn-I-k\w e£yw h®m-bn-cn-°Ww ]T-\-{]-{Inb \n›-bn-t°-≠-Xv.

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So®¿ sSIvÃv 11

]T\-t\-´-ßƒ

tIcf kvIqƒ ]mTy-]-≤Xn 2013 s‚ mK-ambn B¿.-Sn.-C. hyh-ÿ-{]-Imcw ]T-\-t\--ßƒ F∂ Bibw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. t_m[-\w, ]T-\w, aqey-\n¿Wbw F∂nh

IrXy-ambpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-ambpw Bkq-{XWw sNøm≥ ]T-\-t\- -ßsf kw_-‘n-°p∂ Adnhv A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. ]mTy-]-≤Xn cq]o-I-cn-°p-tºmƒ kvIqƒ hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ hnhn[ L -ß-fn¬ Ipń ssIh-cn-t°≠ e£y-ß-fmbn \mw IW-°m-°p-∂-h-bmWv ]T-\t\- -ßƒ. Hcp {]tXyI hnj-b-ta-J-e-bn¬ hnZym¿Yn t\tS≠ ⁄m\w,Ign-hv, A`n-cp-Nn, at\m- m-hw, Xmev]cyw F∂n-hsb Bkv]-Z-am-°n-bp≈ kq£va-amb {]kvXm-h-\-I-fmWv ]T-\-t\- -ßƒ. Ch-bn¬ NneXv {lkz-Im-e-b-f-hn¬ Xs∂B¿Pn-°p-∂Xpw a‰p NneXv Zo¿L-Imew sIm≠v B¿Pn-°p-∂-Xp-am-bn-cn-°pw. Cßs\Ipń-bn-ep-≠m-th≠ am‰-ßsf ap≥Iqń \n›-bn-°m≥ \ap°p km[n-°pw. kvIqƒhnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ hnhn[ L -ß-fn¬ ]Tn-Xmhv B¿Pn-t°≠ Adn-hp-Ifpw [mc-W-Ifpw tijn-I-fp-amWv ]T-\-t\- -ßƒ. bqWn‰vXe ]T-\-t\- -ß-fn-eq-sS h¿jm-¥y-Ønepw kvIqƒ L -Øns‚ Ah-km-\Ønepw ssIh-cn-°p∂ ]T\-t\- -ß-fmbn ChhnI-kn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

\nco-£-W-km-[yhpw Af-°m-hp-∂-Xp-amb {]I-S-\-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv ]T-\-t\- -ßƒ {]kvXm-hn-t°-≠-Xv. Hmtcm bqWn-‰n\pw ¢mkn\pw L -Øn\psamSp-hn¬Ipń t\tS≠ Adn-hv, tijn-Iƒ, aqey-ßƒ, at\m- m-h-ßƒ Ch t\Sn-bn- pt≠mF∂p hne-bn-cp-Øm≥ ]T-\-t\- -ß-fpsS hni-I-e-\-Øn-eqsS Ign-bpw. AXm-bXv ]T-\-t\- -ßsf ASn-ÿm-\-am°n IrXy-ambpw hy‡-ambpw hne-bn--cp-Ø¬ -{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Bkq-{XWw sNøm≥ Ign-bpw.

]T-\-t\- -ß-fpsS {]kvXm-h\ efn-Xhpw hy‡-hpw, IrXyhpw bp‡n-k-l-hp-am-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. A[ym-]-I¿°pw, ]Tn-Xm-hn\pw c£n-Xm-°ƒ°pw Bi-b-°p-g-∏-ap-≠m-°mØhn[-am-bn-cn-°Ww ]T-\-t\- -ßfpsS Ah-X-c-W-co-Xn. ]Tn-Xm-hn\v F¥p-sN-øm≥ Ignbpw F∂ {]kvXm-h-\-bm-b-Xn-\m¬ Ipń-bpsS ho£-W-Øn-eq-sS-bmWvCh {]kvXmhn°p∂-Xv. Cu {]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ hnZym¿Yn tI{μo-Ir-X-am-sW-∂¿Yw.

]T-\-t\- -ßƒ D≈-S-°w, {]{In-b-Iƒ, tijn-Iƒ, aqey-ßƒ, at\m- m-h-ßƒ F∂n-h- Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-h-bm-h-Ww. ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ {]I-S-\-]-c-amb Ign-hp-I-sf∂ \ne-bn¬CXv A[ym-]-I-cpsS kmaqly DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xzhpw {]Xn-_-≤-Xbpw Dd∏m-°p-∂p. Ipń-bpsS ]T-\-\n-esb kw_-‘n®v c£n-Xm-°ƒ°v Xmev]-cyhpw Adnhpw D≠m-°-Ww. ]T-\-t\´w Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-\m-h-iy-amb ]cn-lm-c-t_m-[-\hpw \nc-¥-c-aq-ey-\n¿W-b-{]-{In-b-bpsS mK-ambn \S-∏m-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. Npcp-°-Øn¬ ]T-\-t\- -ßsf ¢mkvdqw{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-ambpw hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ kao-]-\-hp-ambpw _‘n-∏n-°-Ww. ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bpsS e-{]-Z-amb hn\n-a-b-Øn-eqsS F√m ]Tn-Xm°-fp-sSbpw ]T-\-t\´w Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm≥ km[n-°-Ww. KpW-ta-∑-bp≈ hnZym- ym-k-Øn\v CX-\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.

hnhchn\n-ab kmt¶-XnIhnZy

Adnhns‚ \n¿am-W-Ønepw hnX-c-W-Ønepw hnh-c-hn-\n-a-b-km-t¶-Xn-I-hn-Zybv°v apJy-]¶v hln-°m-\p-≠v. hnh-c-ti-J-c-W-Øn-eq-sSbpw hni-I-e-\-Øn-eq-sSbpw sshhn-[y-amb Ah-X-c-W-ß-fn-eq-sS-bp-amWv CXv km[y-am-Ip-∂-Xv. lb¿sk-°≥U-dn-bnseGsXmcp hnj-bhpw hn\n-abw sNøp-∂-Xn\v hnh-c-hn-\n-ab kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy (ICT)bpsS km[y-X-Iƒ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. CXn-eqsS ]Tn-Xm-°ƒ°v sF.kn.-Sn. tijn-Iƒ t\Sp∂p F∂v Dd-∏m-°m\pw km[n-°pw.

ebmfw

12 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

Bh-iy-I-X

]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øns‚bpw D≈-S° hn\n-a-b-Øn-s‚bpw ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ adn-I-S-°m≥sF.kn.-Sn. °v km[n-°pw. ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Gs‰-SpØv e-{]-Z-am-b- co-Xn-bn¬\S∏n-em-°p-∂-Xn\pw {]k-‡hpw A\p-tbm-Py-amb hnh-c-ti-J-c-W-Øn\pw D∂-X-\n-e-hm-c-Øn-ep≈ Ah-X-c-W-Øn\pw KpW-ta-∑-bp≈ Dev∏-∂-ßƒ Xbm-dm-°p-∂-Xn\pw ]Tn-Xm-°ƒ°v sF.kn.-Sn. bneqsS km[n-°pw. bYm¿YyØn-ep-∂n-bp-≈Xpwk¶o¿W-hp-amb {]mtbm-Kn-I-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ ]e-t∏mgpw A{]m-tbm-Kn-I-am-Ip∂kml-N-cy-Øn¬ sh¿®z¬ em_ns‚ {]tbm-P\w \¬Im-\m-Ipw. Aßs\ ¢mkvap-dn-Iƒ kvam¿ v apdn-Iƒ F∂-Xn-ep-]cn emt_m-d- -dn-I-fmbn Db-cp-Ibpw sNøpw. Hmtcmhnj-b-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ {]K-¤-cp-ambn kwh-Zn-°m\pw AXmXv hnj-b-Øns‚ A\-¥-km-[y-X-Iƒ a\- n-em-°m\pw hoUntbm tIm¨^d≥-knMv, tkmjy¬ aoUnbF∂n kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ ]Tn-Xm-°ƒ°v {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm-\m-hpw. IqSmsXPohnXkml-N-cy-Ønse hnhn[ Bh-iy-ßƒ (Hm¨sse≥ At]-£-Iƒ, ]co-£-Iƒ, A`n-ap-J-ßƒ, hnhn[ tkh-\-ßƒ XpS-ßnbh) t\Sp∂-Xn\pw sF.kn.-‰n. klm-b-I-c-am-hpw.

A\p-tbm-PyX

Zriy- -{ihy am[y-a-ßƒ ê-{]-Z-amb ]T-t\m-]-I-c-W-am-Wv. Ipń-bpsS k¿K-ti-jntbbpw _p≤n-bpsS _lp-X-e-ß-tfbpw D±o-]n-∏n-°m≥ sF.kn.-Sn. °v Ign-bpw.Pn⁄m-kbpw DtZz-Khpw hgn ]T-\-hn-j-b-Øn¬ Xmev]cyw \ne-\n¿Øm-\m-hpw. C{μo-b-]-cn-anXn A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h¿°v Cu km[yX Gsd {]tbm-P\w sNøpw.i_vZwsIm≠pw ImgvN-sIm≠pw Imcy-ßƒ IqSp-X¬ A\p- -th-Zy-am-°m≥ sF.kn.-‰n. {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Spw. hyXykvX ]T-\m-\p- -h-ßƒ \¬Ip-∂-Xn\v CXv Fsd klm-b-I-am-Wv.

km[y-X-Iƒ

$ UnPn-‰n¬ cq]-Ønepw Ne-\m-fl-I-hp-amb ]mT-]p-kvX-I-ßƒ.

$ ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v Bh-iy-amb A[n-I-hn-h-c-ßfpw {]k-t‚-j-\p-IfpwA\n-ta-j-\p-I-fpw.

$ Hmtcm hnj-b-hp-ambn _‘-s∏ v temI-Øns‚ GXv `mKØpw e`y-am-hp∂G‰hpw ]pXn-bXpw {]k-‡-hp-amb hnh-c-ß-fpsS e`y-X.

$ Hm¨sse≥ sSÃp-Ifpw kzbw-hn-e-bn-cp-Ø-en\pw sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø-en\pw Bh-iy-amb kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ

$ tNmZy-t]-∏¿ amXr-I-Ifpw DØc kqN-I-ß-fpw.

$ hnIvtSgvkv t]mse-bp≈ sSen-hn-j≥ Nm\-ep-I-fpsS e-{]-Z-amb D]-tbmKw.

$ Pohn-X-ss\-]p-Wn-Ifpw aqey-ßfpw at\m- m-h-ßfpw ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pwam\-knI ]ncn-ap-dp°w Hgn-hm-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ C‚-dm-IvSohv ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ.

$ \nb-{¥n-Xhpw \nb-a-hn-t[-b-hp-amb WiFi Imº-kp-Iƒ.

ka-{K-amb Hcp hnZym- ymk t]m¿´¬ k÷-am-°n-s°m≠pw kvIqfp-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm\ kuIcyw hnI-kn-∏n-®p-sIm≠pw A[ym-]-Isc im‡o-I-cn-®p-sIm≠pw hnh-c-km-t¶-XnI hnZy-bpsS {]tbm-P\w AXns‚ Db¿∂ Xe-Øn-se-Øn-t°-≠Xv Ime-L- -Øns‚ Bh-iy-am-Wv.

hnizm-kyX

kma-{Kn-I-fpsS hnizm-kyX Dd∏v hcp-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. Kh¨sa‚ v Un∏m¿ v-sa‚ v ssk‰p-

]{¥≠v

So®¿ sSIvÃv 13

Iƒ, hnZym- ymk sh_vssk‰p-Iƒ, t]m¿ -ep-Iƒ, tªmKp-Iƒ, tkmjy¬ s\‰vh¿°p-Iƒ F∂n-h-bn¬ \n∂p≈ hnh-cß-fpsS B[n-Im-cn-IX Dd-∏m°n D]-tbm-Kn-°-Ww.

¢mkvdqw hn\n-a-b-Øn\v D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ kma-{Kn-I-fpsS {]mtbm-Kn-IX Dd∏v hcp-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. CØcw kma-{Kn-Iƒ, Ah {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-tbm-Py-ambtkm v‰vshb-dp-Iƒ F∂nh Ffp-∏-Øn¬ e`y-am-Ip-∂Xpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂Xpw sF.Sn \nb-a-ßƒ ]men-°p∂Xpam-bn-cn-°-Ww. sF.kn.Sn bpsS km[y-X-Iƒ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ Ipń-bpsS {]mbw, am\-kn-I-\ne, sX‰mb am¿K-Øn-te°v t]mIp-hm-\p≈ {]h-WX F∂nh IW-°n-se-Sp-°-Ww.

Iem-]-T\w

kaq-l-Po-hn-sb∂ \ne-bn¬ a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ apt∂m- p≈ {]bm-W-Øn\v Bkzm-Z\o-b--amb A\p- -h-ßƒ Hcp-°p-∂-Xns‚ mKam-bn- mWv Ie-Iƒ cq]-s∏- p-h-∂-Xv.

Pohn-X-L- -ß-fn¬ Ic-K-X-am-Ip∂ A\p- -h-ßƒ a\pjya\- n¬ sshIm-cn-I-X-bpsSHmf-ß-fp-≠m-°p-Ibpw CXn¬\n∂pw Bkzm-Zy-I-c-amb A\p- q-Xn-hn-ti-j-ßƒ DS-se-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. BZn--Im-ew apX¬ cq]-s∏- p-h∂ Iem-cq-]-ß-sf-√m-Xs∂Zriy- -{i-hy-]-chpw a\p-jy-a-\- ns\ CØ-c-Øn¬ \ho-I-cn®v Pohn-X-Øn¬ ]pØ≥Du¿Pw {]Zm\w sNøp-∂-h-bp-am-sW∂pw \ap-°p-Im-Wmw. CXv Ie-bpsS {]tXyIi‡n-hn-ti-j-am-Wv. ""Literature, Music and the arts all are necessary for thedevelopment and following of a student to form an integrated total personality'' F∂XvIeIsf-∏-‰n-bp≈ SmtKm-dns‚ ImgvN-∏m-Sm-Wv. kaq-l-]p-tcm-K-Xn-°pth≠n h¿Øn®alm-flm-°-sf-√m-hcpw CØ-c-Øn¬ Ie-I-sf-∏‰n kqNn-∏n-®n- p-≠v.

$ k¿Km-flI-X, \nco-£-W-]m-S-hw, A\p-I-c-W-hm-k-\, I¬∏-\m-ti-jn, hyXn-cn-‡-_p≤n F∂nh Ipń- I-fn¬ hf¿Øm≥ Iem-]-T\w AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-amWv.

$ F√m-ØcØn-epap≈ _p≤n-h-f¿®bv°v A`n-t{]-cW \¬Ip∂ ]T-\m-h-k-c-ßƒ CXn-eqsS Ipń-Iƒ°v e`n-°pIbpw sNøpw.

]Tn-Xmhv B¿Pn® k¿K-ti-jn-Isf hnI-kn-∏n-°p-I, Ie-tbbpw kmln-Xy-sØbpwkw_-‘n®v hnim-e-amb ho£Ww cq]-s∏-Sp-ØpI F∂n-h-bmWv lb¿sk-°‚dnXe-Øn¬ Iem-]-T-\-Øn-eqsS e£y-an-Sp-∂-Xv. H∏w Iem-km-lnXy taJ-e-I-fn¬D∂X ]T-\-Øn\pw Kth-j-W-Øn-\p-ap≈ A`n-cpNn hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. \nco-£-W-]m-S-hw, Bkzm-Z-\-ti-jn, A\p-I-cW hmk\ XpS-ßn-bh ]Tn-Xm-°-fn¬hf¿Øm≥ Iem-]-T\w A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. thdn´ Nn¥-Iƒ, thdn® {]Xo-I-I-c-W-tijn F∂nh cq]-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw kmaq-lnI CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ Dd-∏m-°m\pw ]T\w IqSp-X¬ e-{]-Z-am-°m\pw Iem-]-T\w klm-b-I-am-Ip-∂p. Ipń-Isf I¿a-\n-c-Xcpw AXyp-’m-ln-I-fp-am-°n Du¿P-kz-eX icn-bmb Zni-bn-te°v hgn-Xn-cn®p hnSm≥ Iem-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ klm-bn-°p-∂p.

Btcm-Ky˛ImbnI hnZ-ym- -ymkw

2001--- se Uªyp.F-®v.H. dnt∏m¿ v A\p-k-cn®v C¥-y-bnse bphm-°-fn¬ qcn- m-KhpwPohnXssieo tcmK-ßƒ°n-c-bm-b-h-cm-Wv. tIc-f-k¿°m-dns‚ IW-°-\p-k-cn®v,2008˛09 A[-y-b\ h¿j-Øn¬ 16,28943 hnZ-ym¿∞n-I-fn¬ \S-Ønb Imbn-I-£-aXm]cn-tim-[-\-bn¬ 20% Øn¬ Xmsg am{X-amWv icn-bmb tbmK-yX D≈-hcmbn Is≠-

ebmfw

14 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

Øn-b-Xv. Cu c≠p hkvXp-X-Ifpw A\m-tcm-K-y-I-c-amb kmaq-lm-h-ÿ-sb-bmWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-Ihpw sshIm-cn-Ihpw Bflo-b-hp-amb kpÿn-Xn-bpsS kmI-e-y-sØ-bmWv Btcm-Kyw F∂- ]Zw A¿∞-am-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠pXs∂ BtcmKyw hy‡nbpsS \ne-\n¬]n\v A\n-hm-c-y-am-Wv. icn--bmb coXn-bnep≈B-tcm-Ky˛ImbnIhnZ-ym- -ym-k-Øns‚ \n¿h-l-W-Øn-eqsS CØcw {]Xn-k-‘n-Isfadn-I-S-°m≥ km[n-°pw. ImbnIanI-hp-Iƒ {]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂ Ipń-Isf imkv{Xob]cn-io-e-\-Øn-eqsS {]Xn- -I-fm°n am‰p∂ {]{Inb hfsc Ipd®v Ipń-Iƒ°v am{Xw\¬tI≠ {]h¿Ø-\-am-Wv. F∂m¬ s]mXpkaq-l-Ønse apgp-h≥ hy-‡n-Iƒ°pwAh-cpsS \ne-\n¬∏n\v Bhi-y-amb tIhe Btcm-K-y-Im-bnI £aX Dd-∏m-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. CXn-\mbn Btcm-K-y- Im-bnI hnZ-ym- ymkw ss{]adn Xew apX¬ imkv{Xo-bhpw ka-{K-hp-ambn \¬I-Ww. AXn\v tZiob ]mT-y-]-≤Xn N -°qSv 2005 B-tcm-K-y˛ ImbnI hnZ-ym- -ym-ksØ kw_-‘n®v apt∂m v h® Bhiym-[n-jvTnX kao-]\w, DZv{K-YnX kao-]\w F∂n-hbv°v khn-tij{i≤bpw {]m-[m-\yhpw \evtI-≠-Xm-Wv.

D≈-S° taJ-e-bpsS Adn-hn-t\m-sSm∏w {]I-S-\-an-Ihpw imco-cn-I-£-a-Xbpw hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-tS-≠m-Wv. tIcf kvIqƒ ]mTy-]-≤Xn 2013 hn`mh\w sNøp-∂Xpw ss{]a-dn-bn¬ Bcw- n®v Btcm-Ky-Im-bnI hnZym- ymkw lb¿sk-°≥Udn Xe-Øn¬ FØp-tºm-gmWv ]q¿W-am-Ip-∂-Xv. Btcm-Ky-˛-Im-bnI hnZym-`ymk cwKØv anIhv]pe¿Øp∂ ]Tn-Xm-°ƒ°v cmPym-¥c km[y-X-Iƒ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-\m-hpw-hn[w]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Bkq-{XWw sNø-Ww. CXp-hsc B¿÷n® Imbn-I-£-a-Xbpw]cn-io-e-\-an-Ihpw D≈-S-°-kw-_-‘n-bmb Adnhpw imco-cnI hf¿®-tbmSv Nph-Sp-h-bv°p-∂p. imco-cn-I-amb am‰-ßƒ imkv{Xob-ambn a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\v Btcm-Ky-Im-bnI hnZym- ymkw Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂p.

BtcmKy˛ImbnI hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ {][m\ Dt±-iy-ßƒ

$ Poh≥ c£m {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ Ah-k-tcm-Nn-X-ambn CS-s]-Sp-∂-Xn-\p≈imkv{Xo-b-amb {]mtbm-KnI tijn ssIh-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v.

$ elcn D]-t`m-K-Øns‚ A\-¥c e-ßƒ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn\v.

$ ssewKn-Im-tcm-Ky-sØ-∏‰n icn-bmb Ah-t_m[w krjvSn-°p-∂-Xn\v.

$ AXve‰n-Ivkn¬ t\Snb ss\]p-Wn-I-fn¬ sshZKv[yw t\Sp-∂-Xn\pw imkv{Xobhni-I-e\w \S-Øp-∂-Xn\pw.

$ taP¿ sKbn-an¬ sshZKv[yw t\Sp-∂-Xn\v.

$ Bfl-c£X{¥Øn¬ {]mtbm-KnI ]cn-io-e\w t\Sp-∂-Xn\v.

$ hymbma apd-I-fn-eqsS izk\ hyh-ÿ-bnepw lrZ-b- -[-a\n hyh-ÿ-bnepwkw -hn-°p∂ hyXn-bm-\-ß-sf-°p-dn®v [mcW t\Sp-∂-Xn\v.

$ B{I-a-tWm-’p-I-X (Aggression), kwXp-enX B{I-a-tWm-’p-IX (Balancedor controlled aggression) F∂nh a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\v.

$ kpc-£n-Xhpw e-{]-Z-hp-amb hymbma apd-Iƒ ]cn-io-en-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v.

$ ImbnIaqey-ß-sf-°p-dn®v [mcW t\Sp-∂-Xn\v.

{]hrØn]T\w

I≠-dn-hv, tI -dn-hv, sNbvX-dnhv F∂n-h-I-fpsS ka-\z-b-amWv Ipń-bn¬ Adn-hns‚\n¿amWw km[y-am-°p-∂-Xv. A\p- -hm-[n-jvTn-Xhpw At\z-j-Wm-fl-I-hp-amb ]T-\-

]{¥≠v

So®¿ sSIvÃv 15

co-Xn-bmWv C∂v \ne-hn-ep-≈-Xv. sshIm-cnI˛ssh⁄m-\nI taJ-e-I-fpsS ka\-z-bhpw hnIm-khpw km[y-am-°p∂-Xn\v {]hr-Øn-]-cn-Nb hnZym- ymkw A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.

]Tn-Xmhv kvIqfn-\p-≈nepw ]pdØpw kPo-h-ambn CS-s]-Sp-Ibpw kz¥w Nn¥m-tijn{]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn At\z-jn-°p-Ibpw A]-{K-Yn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ kml-NcywkwPm-X-am-tI-≠-Xp-≠v. AXpsIm≠pXs∂ ]Tn-Xm-hn\v Bfl-hn-izm-khpw {]hrØn]cn-N-bhpw kzbw ]cym-]vX-Xbpw t\SnsbSp-°m-\p-X-Ip∂ hn[-Øn¬ {]h¿Ø-\m-[n-jvTnX ]mTy-]-≤-Xnbpw AXv hn\n-abw sNøp-hm≥ Ign-bp∂ ]T\ {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw \S-∏m-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

lb¿sk-°‚dn Xe-Øn¬ \ne-hn-ep≈ ]mTy-hn-j-b-ß-fp-ambn kwtbm-Pn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠p≈ {]hrØn]T-\-am-bn-cn°pw IqSp-X¬ A`n-Im-ayw.

{]hrØn]T\-Øns‚ kp{]-[m\ e£yßƒ

$ am\-h-tijn hnI-k\w

$ tZio-b-]p-tcm-KXn

$ sXmgn¬ k∂-≤X

$ D¬∏m-Z-\-cw-KsØ kzm{i-bXzw

$ k¥p-en-X-hy-‡nXz hnI-k\w

$ aqey-ßfpw at\m- m-h-ßfpw hf¿Ø¬

F∂n-ßs\ Cu e£y-ßƒ kw{K-ln®v ]d-bmw.

Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bp≈ hnZym- ymkw (Inclusive Education)

¢mkvapdn-bn¬ F√m Ipń-I-sfbpw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂, Bscbpw ]pd-¥-≈mØ Hcp]T-\m-¥-co£w kzoI-cn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. \ΩpsS hnZym-e-b-ß-fn¬ {][m-\-ambpw c≠phn`m-K-°m¿°v IqSp-X¬ ]cn-K-W-\bpw klm-bhpw {i≤bpw \¬In \oXn-]q¿h-amb KpW-ta∑m hnZym- ymkw (Equitable Quality Education) Dd-∏p-h-cp-tØ-≠-Xp≠v.

Bsc-√m-amWv khn-ti-j-{i-≤bpw ]T-\-k-lm-bhpw ]cn-c-£bpw Bh-iy-ap-≈-h¿?

(F) kmaq-ln-Ihpw kmº-Øn-I-hp-amb Imc-W-ß-fm¬ ]pd¥≈s∏´-h-cpsSIpńIƒ.

$ -ISpØ Zmcn{Zyw t\cn-Sp-∂-h¿, BZn-hm-kn-Iƒ, s]Ïp- n-Iƒ, ]ń-I-PmXn ]ń-I-h¿K-Øn¬ s] -h¿, A\y-tZ-iØp\n∂v IpSn-tb-dn-b-h¿, ÿnc-ambn Xma-k-ku-Icyw C√mØ hn`m-K-°m¿, ]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈ hnth-N\w A\p- -hn-°p-∂-h¿ F∂n-ßs\ H´\-h[n t]¿ C°q- Øn¬ s]Sp-∂p.

]cn-an-Xn-I-sfbpw hyXy-kvXX-I-sfbpw Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw _lp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂-Xm-bn-cn-°Ww CØcw Ipń-I-tfm-Sp≈ \ΩpsS kao-]\w. hnZym-e-b-Ønse Iq´mb {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eqsS CØ-c-°m-cpsS {]bm-k-ßƒ\ap°v ]cn-l-cn-°m-\m-Ipw.

(_n) imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-Sp-∂ -Ip- n-Iƒ.

imco-cn-I-hpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-Sp-∂-h¿°pw ]T-\-{]-bmkw A\p--h-s∏-Sp∂ Ipń-Iƒ°pw {]tXyI ]T-\m-h-iy-ßfp≠v (Special Educational Needs).

ebmfw

16 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

tIƒhn-°p-d-hv, ImgvNm ]cn-an-Xn, _p≤n-]-c-amb ]cn-an-Xn, Ne\]c-amb ]cn-an-Xn,]T-\-ssh-I-eyw, Hmń-kw, skdn-{_¬ ]mƒkn, _lp-ap-J-ssh-I-ey-ßƒ, sshIm-cnI Ak-¥p-enXmhÿbnep≈ Ipń-Iƒ, {i≤m-]-c-amb ]cn-anXn D≈-h¿ F∂n-hsc√mw CXn¬s∏Sp-∂p.

Ch¿°p-th≠n ]mTy-]--≤-XnbpsS hn\n-a-bØn¬ \mw Fs¥-√mw A\p-h¿Øn-t°-≠-Xp≠v?

$ ]T-\m-h-iy-ßƒ, A`n-cpNn F∂nh ]cn-K-Wn®v ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS Bkq-{X-Ww.

$ ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ]¶m-fnØw e`y-am-Ip∂ coXn-bn¬ ]mTm-kq-{X-W-Øn¬A\p-cq-]o-I-cWw.

$ hyXykvX ]T-\-th-K-w, ]T-\-ssien F∂nh ]cn-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠v _lp C{μn-bm-[n-jvTnX kao-]\w (Multisensory Approach) \S-∏n-em-°¬.

$ ]cn-lm-c-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ (Remedial Practices), t]mj-W-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ (En-richment Practices) F∂nh Hmtcm Ipń°pw Bh-iym-[n-jvTn-X-ambn Bkq-{XWw sNbvXp \S-∏n-em-°-¬.

$ hnhn[ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ km[y-X-Iƒ Ab-thmsS (Flexibility) {]mh¿Øn-I-am-°¬.

$ dntkmgvkv A[ym-]-I-cp-sSbpw a‰p hnZ-Kv[-cp-sSbpw klmbw Dd-∏m-°¬.

$ Ipń-bpsS ]T-\w, ]cn-c-£- F∂o Imcy-ß-fn¬ c£n-Xm-°-fpsS \nc-¥-c-]n-¥pW Dd∏m°¬.

Cu c≠p taJ-e-bnse Ipń-I-sf- Iq-SmsX khn-tij {i≤bpw ]cn-K-W-\bpw th≠-h-cmWv h¿[n® A`n-cp-Nnbpw Ignhpap≈ Ipń-Iƒ (Gifted Children). Cßs\ F√mhn`mKw Ipń-I-sfbpw Dƒs°m-≈m≥ Ign-bpw-hn[w kvIqƒ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-sfbpw uXn-I-km-l-N-cy-ß-sfbpw imkv{Xo-b-ambn {Iao-I-cn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

aqe-y-ßƒ, at\m- m-h-ßƒ, {]Xn-_-≤X F∂nh hf¿Øp-∂-Xn-\p-X-Ip∂

taJ-e-Iƒ

]Tn-Xm-hn¬ am\-hnIaqe-y-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw `c-W-L-S\maqe-y-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw Ah-t_m[w krjvSn-°pI, kmaq-lnIPohnXw i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ at\m- mhw krjvSn-°pI,kmaq-lnI{]Xn-_-≤X hf¿ØpI XpS-ßnbh ]mT-y-]-≤-Xn-bpsS {]Ya ]cn-K-W\mhnj-b-ß-fm-Wv. Ch hf¿Øm≥ \n¿tZ-in-°-s∏´ Bi-b-ta-J-eIfpsS hni-Zmwißƒ\¬Ip∂p

P\m-[n-]-Xyt_m[w

hnhn[ hnj-b-ß-fpsS D≈-S°w Xnc-s™Sp-°p-tºmƒ P\m-[n-]-X-ysØ kw_-‘n-°p∂ ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ ]cn-K-Wn-°-Ww. ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS Bkq-{X-W-Ønepwhn\n-ab{]{In-b-bnepw P\m-[n-]-Xykao-]-\-ap-≠m-h-Ww. P\m-[n-]-Xy]c-amb ¢mkv,kvIqƒ (P\m-[n-]XythZn-Iƒ) F∂n-h-bn-eqsS P\m-[n-]-Xy]c-amb PohnXkao-]\wcq]-s∏-Sp-ØpIsb∂Xv ]mT-y-]-≤-Xn-bpsS e£y-amWv.

`cWLS\maqe-y-ßƒ

\ΩpsS `c-W-L-S\ Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-°p∂ aqe-y-ßfpw e£-y-ßfpw ]mT-y-]-≤-Xn-bn¬{]Xn- -en-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. c-W-L-S-\maqeyßƒ t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m≥ hnZ-ym¿Yn-Isf {]m]vX-cm-°p∂ D≈-S-°hpw hn\n-a-b{]{In-bbpw Xnc-s™-Sp-°m≥ {i≤n-°-Ww.

]{¥≠v

So®¿ sSIvÃv 17

atX-X-c- at\m- mhw

atX-X-c at\m- mhw hf¿Øm-\p-X-Ip∂ hnj-b-ta-J-e-Iƒ D≈-S-°-Øn¬ tN¿°p-Ibpw AXn-\p-X-Ip∂ hn\n-a-b-coXn kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøWw.

kln-jvWpX

hntbm-Pn-°p-∂-h-sc-t∏mepw kln-jvWp-XtbmsS ImWpI F∂ -X-Øzw ]mT-y-]-≤Xne£y-am-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

{Inbm-flI ˛ k¿Km-flI Nn¥

hnZ-ym¿Yn-I-fn¬ k¿Km-flIhpw {Inbm-fl-I-hp-amb Nn¥bpw At\-z-j-Whpw hf¿tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. ]mT-y-]-≤-Xn-bpsS D≈-S-°-ta-J-e-I-fnepw ]T\X{¥-ß-fnepw k¿Km-fl-I-amb At\z-j-W-ßƒ°p≈ km[-yXbp≠m-hWw; _lp-apJ_p≤n-bpsS (MultipleIntelligence) Xe-ßƒ ]cn-K-Wn-°-Ww.

kwkvIr-Xn-tbmSpw ss]Xr-I-tØm-Sp-ap≈ BZ-chv

\ΩpsS kmwkvIm-cnI ss]XrI-tØmSpw Ncn-{X-tØmSpw BZ-c-]q¿h-amb at\m- mhwkr„n-°p-I-sb-∂Xv ]mT-y-]-≤Xn hn`m-h\w sNøp∂ e£y-ß-fn-sem-∂mWv.

ka-Xzw F∂ Bibw

hnhn[ Ah-k-c-ß-fnepw ]T\-{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw XpeyX, ka- m-h\ F∂nh Dd∏p-h-cp-tØ-≠Xv A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.

t\Xr-]m-Shw

]pXnb kl-{km-_vZ-Øns‚ sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-Sm\pw km[-y-X-Iƒ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p-ap-X-Ip∂ t\Xm-°sf krjvSn-°p-∂-Xn-\p- ]-c-ym-]vX-amb ]T\X{¥-ßƒhnI-kn-∏n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. ¢mkvdqw {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ F√m ]Tn-Xm-°fpsSbpw ]¶m-fnØw Dd-∏m-°p-Ibpw t\Xr-ti-jn-Iƒ hnI-kn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ kml-N-c-y-ßƒkrjvSn-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠-Xp-≠v.

Pohn-X-ss\-]pWo hnZ-ym- -ymkw (Life Skill Education)

ssZ\w-Zn\ Pohn-X-Øn¬ hy-‡n-Iƒ°-\p- -h-s∏-Sp∂ {]iv\-ßfpw {]Xn-_-‘-ßfpwê-{]-Z-ambn t\cn-Sp-∂-Xn\v klm-b-I-amb A\p-Iq-e-hpw A\p-Kp-W-hp-amb s]cp-am-‰-Øn-te°p \bn-°p∂ Ign-hp-I-fmWv PohnXss\]p-Wn-Iƒ. kzbw Adn-b¬ (Selfawareness), kl- m-hw (Empathy), Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-ti-jn (Communication skill),hy‡y¥-c-_-‘w (Inter personal relationship), k¿Km-fl-I-Nn-¥ (Creative thinkings),hna¿i-\m-flI-Nn-¥ (Critical thinking), Xocp-am-\-ß-sf-Sp-°¬ (Decision making),{]iv\-]-cn-l-c-Ww (Problem solving), hnIm-c-ßsf AXn-Po-hn-°¬ (Coping withemotions), am\-knI kΩ¿±-ßsf AXn-Po-hn°¬ (Coping with stress) F∂n-h-bmWv{][m\ Pohn-X-ss\-]p-Wn-Iƒ. Ipń-I-fpsS kml-Ncy-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn CutaJ-e-I-fnse LS-I-ßƒ ]mT-y-]-≤-Xn-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. Pohn-XsØBflhni-zm-k-tØm-sS- kao]n°m\pw apt∂-dm\pw CØcw ss\]p-Wn-Iƒ ]Tn-Xm-hns\ klm-bn-°p∂p.

]uc-[¿aw

cmjv{S-Øn\v P\-ß-tfm-sS-∂-t]mse ]uc≥am¿°v cmjv{S-tØmSpw Nne [¿a-ßfpwI¿Ø-h-y-ßfpw \n¿h-ln-°m-\p-≠v. cmjv{S-hn-I-k\w a\p-j-y-tijnhnI-k-\-ambn

ebmfw

18 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

ImWp∂ C∂sØ Ime-L- -Øn¬ ]uc-t_m-[-ap≈ P\-Xsb krjvSn-°pI F∂-Xm-Wt√m hnZym`ymk-Øns‚ {][m\ [¿aw. Hcp kz-X{¥ kaqlkrjvSn-tbm-sSm∏wA®-S-°t_m-[hpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xzt_m[-hp-ap≈ Hcp kaq-l-Øns‚ krjvSn-°mbn]uc≥amsc Xbm-dm-t°-≠Xv hnZ-ym- -ymk hy-h-ÿ-bpsS e£y-am-Wv.

apXn¿∂-h-tcm-Sp≈ BZcw

apXn¿∂-h-tcm-Sp≈ BZcw kmwkvIm-cnI hn\n-a-b-Øns‚ BWn-°-√m-Wv. F√mkwkvIm-c-ßfpw apXn¿∂-h¿°v A¿l-amb ]cn-K-W-\bpw BZ-chpw \¬Im-dp-≠v.Pohn-Xm-\p- -h-ß-fpsS k©nX tiJ-c-amWv {]mb-am-b-h-cpsS {][m\ khn-ti-j-X.A\p- -h-ß-fpsS aqi-bn¬ Dcp-h-s∏´ Adn-hp-Iƒ ]pXp-X-e-ap-dbv°v ssIam-dp-∂-Xn-eqsS kmwkvIm-cnI PohnXw XpS¿®-bp-≈Xpw ss]Xr-IsØ ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂-Xp-am-hpw. tIc-fob ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ apXn¿∂-h-tcm-Sp≈ ]cn-K-W\ Ah-K-W-\-bpsS Xe-Øn-te°v hgn-am-dn-t∏m-Ip-∂p-thm-sb∂ bmi¶ {]_-e-am-Wv. kvt\lm¿{Zhpw kl-`m-h-tØm-sS-bp-ap≈ CS-s]-S-ep-I-fn-eqsS apXn¿∂-h-tcm-Sp≈ BZcw {]I-Sn-∏n-°m≥]Tn-Xm-°sf t{]cn-∏n-°p∂ LS-I-ßƒ D≈-S-°-hn-\n-a-b-Øns‚ mK-am-th-≠-Xp-≠v.

a\p-j-ym-h-Im-i-ßƒ

a\p-j-y-sc∂ \ne-bn¬ A¥-t msS Pohn-°m-\p≈ hy-‡n-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-ß-fmWva\pjym-h-Im-i-ßƒ. sFIy-cmjv{Sk -bpsS a\p-j-ym-h-Imi {]Jym-]-\-Øn-eqsSkm¿h-{Xn-I Aw-Ko-Imcw e`n® a\p-j-ym-h-Im-i-ßƒ°v ]mT-y-]-≤Xn cq]o-I-c-W-Ønepw hn\n-ab{]{In-b-bnepw {]m[m-\yw \¬tI-≠-Xp-≠v.

Ipń-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-ßƒ

Ipń-I-fpsS F√m-hn[ Ah-Im-i-ßfpw kwc-£n-t°-≠-Xns‚ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw \ΩpsSIS-a-bmbn amdp-∂p.

]mcn-ÿn-XnI Ah-t_m[w

{]Ir-Xn-sbbpw {]IrXnhn`h kwc-£-W-sØbpw kw_-‘n-°p∂ ASn-ÿm\ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ ss{]adn ¢mkp-Iƒ apX¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. hy-‡n-ip-Nn-Xzwt]mse{][m-\-amWv ]cn-k-c-ip-Nn-X-z-sa∂pw ipNn-X-z-t_m[w ]uc-[¿aØns‚ ASn-ÿm\LS-I-ßfnsem∂msW∂pw hnZ-ym¿Yn-Isf t_m[-y-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. {]Ir-Xnbpw{]Ir-Xn-hn- -h-ßfpw a\p-j-ys‚ Bh-i-y-ßƒ°p am{X-ap≈Xs√∂pw {]Ir-Xn-bpsSk¥p-en-Xm-h-ÿ-bn-ep≈ am‰w Zqchym-]-I-amb {]X-ym-Lm-X-ßƒ°p Imc-W-am-hp-sa-∂p-ap≈ at\m- mhw hnZ-ym¿Yn-I-fn¬ hf¿Ø-Ww. {]IrXnhn -h-kw-c-£-Whpw]cn-kcipNn-X-zhpw Hcp aqeyhy-h-ÿbpw at\m- m-hhpam°nam‰p∂ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒGs‰-SpØp \S-∏m-°-Ww.

Pe-km-£-cX

Pe-e- y-X-tbbpw Pe-kw-c-£-W-tØbpw AXv amen-\y-ap-‡-am-bn-cn-t°≠ Bh-iy-I-tXbpw a\- n-em°n Pew Aaq-ey-amWv F∂ Ah-t_m[w krjvSn-t°-≠-Xp≠v.AtXm-sSm∏w Xs∂ Pe-hn-\n-tbm-K-Øn¬ Icp-tX≠ kq£va-X-I-tfbpw Xncn-®-dn-bm-\p≈ Ah-kcw ]mTy-]-≤Xn \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv.

kam-[m\hnZ-ym- -ymkw

hy-‡n-X-e-Ønepw a‰p-≈-h-tcm-Spw ]cn-X-ÿn-Xn-I-tfmSpw kam-[m-\-]-c-ambpwkulm¿Z-]-c-ambpw CS-s]-Sm-\p≈ Ignhpw aqe-y-ßfpw at\m- m-h-ßfpw hf¿Øp-I-bmWv kam-[m\hnZym- -ym-k-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\w. kwL¿j-ßfpw kwL¿j-ßƒ°v

]{¥≠v

So®¿ sSIvÃv 19

hgn-sX-fn-°p∂ kml-N-cy-ßfpw Hgn-hm-°p-Ibpw im¥n-bp-sSbpw kulr-Z-Øns‚bpwkam-[m-\-Øns‚bpw km[y-X-Iƒ ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bnse hnhn[ hnj-b-ta-J-e-I-fn-eqsSAh-X-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠-Xv kam-[m-\-hn-Z-ym- -ym-k-Øn\v A\n-hm-c-y-amWv.

\nbakm£-cX

\nb-a-ßsf kw_-‘n-°p∂ Adnhpw Aht-_m-[hpw Hcp P\m-[n-]-XycmP-y-Ønse]uc-∑m¿°v A\n-hm-c-y-am-Wv. \nbakm£-cX Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-\m-h-iy-amb ]mT- m-K-ßƒ hnj-b-_-‘n-X-ambn Dƒs∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xv Im-e-L´Øns‚ Bh-i-y-am-Wv. \nb-a-k-lm-b-th-Zn, \nba¢∫p-Iƒ, \nb-a- ¢n-\n-°p-Iƒ, \nb-a-t_m-[-h-¬°-cWw F∂n-ßs\ hy-X-y-kvX -{]h¿Ø\]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ Bkq-{XWw sNøm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

ssk_¿ km£-cX

hnh-c-hn-\n-ab kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Z-y-bpsS Zpcp-]-tbm-K-ßfpw {Inan-\¬ {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpwZn\w{]Xn-sb-t∂mWw h¿[n°p-∂p-≠v. Ipń-Isf CØcw {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂vAI‰n\n¿Øm-\p-X-Ip∂ t_m[-h¬°-cWw ]mT-y-]-≤-Xn-bn¬ `mK-ambn Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. C‚¿s\‰v, tkmjy¬ s\‰vh¿°nMv ssk‰p-Iƒ, C˛sabn¬ XpS-ßnb-h-bpsSsbms° D]-tbm-KsØ kw_-‘n-°p∂ hy-‡hpw IrX-y-hp-amb [mc-WbpwAdnhpw ]I¿∂p \¬I-Ww. ssk_¿ Ip‰-Ir-X-y-ßƒ°p≈ in£sb kw_-‘n®pwC‚¿s\‰v D]-tbm-K-Ønse [m¿Ωn-I-Xsb°pdn®pw t_m[-h¬°-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v ]mT-y-]-≤Xn Ah-k-c-sam-cp-°-Ww.

am[-ya Ah-t_m[w

am[y-a-ß-fm¬ \bn-°-s∏-Sp∂ kaq-l-amWv \Ωp-tS-Xv. Zri-y-am-[-y-a-ßsf Hgn-®p-\n¿Øn-bp≈ PohnXw kz]v\w ImWm≥t]mepw km[y-a-√m-Ø-hn[w am[y-a-ßƒ \nXy-Po-hn-XØns‚ mK-ambn Ign-™p. Zriy-am-[y-a-ßƒ ]Tn-Xm-°sf hn]p-e-ambn kzm[o-\n-°p-∂p-≠v. hna¿im-\m-flI am[-y-a- Ah-t_m[Øn\v klm-bn-°p∂ hnhn[ LS-I-ßƒ ]mTy-]-≤Xn D≈-S°taJ-e-I-fn¬ Bh-i-y-am-Wv.

kpÿn-c -hn-I-k\ ImgvN-∏mSv

`qan a\p-j-y\p am{Xw Ah-Im-i-s∏- -X-s√-∂p-≈- ]m-cnÿnXnIm-h-t_m[w ]mTy-]-≤Xn ]I¿∂p \¬tI-≠-Xp≠v. ]mcn-ÿnXnIamb sh√p-hn-fn-Isf kw_-‘n-®pw]cn-ÿnXnØI¿®-bv°p Imc-W-am-hp∂ a\p-j-ys‚ CS-s]-S-ep-Isf kw_-‘n®pw]cn-ÿn-Xnsb Kpcp-X-c-amb A]-I-S-ß-fn¬\n∂v Fßs\ c£-s∏-Sp-Øpsa∂Xn-s\-°p-dn-®pap≈ Xncn-®-dnhv C°m-eØv {][m-\-am-Wv. ]cn-ÿn-Xnbpw hnI-k-\hpwFßs\ tbmPn-∏n-®p-t]mImw F∂ At\-z-j-Whpw kpÿn-c-hn-I-k-\sØ kw_-‘n-°p∂ ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Ifpw At\-z-j-W-ßfpw ]mT-y-]-≤Xn Db¿Øn∏nSn-t°-≠XmWv.ka-{K-amb ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-Im-h-t_m[w krjvSn-°p-I-sb-∂Xv ]mT-y-]-≤Xn e£-y-ß-fn-sem-∂m-Wv.

IuamchnZ-ym- -ymkw

inip-a-\-xim-kv{X-⁄-cpsSbpw Btcm-Ky{]h¿Ø-I-cp-sSbpw tUmIvS¿am-cp-sSbpwA[ym-]-I-cp-sSbpw kwbp‡ ]cn-{i-a-ß-fn-eqsS Iuam-c-hn-Z-ym- -ym-k-Øn-\mh-i-y-ambD≈S°taJ-e-Iƒ hnhn[ hnj-b-ß-fn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xns‚ km[-yX ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. ]Tn-Xm-°-fpsS Btcm-Kyw, ip-Nn-Xzw F∂nh kw_-‘-amb kwi-b-ß-sfbpw Ah-y-‡-X-I-sfbpw imkv{Xo-b-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠Xv A\n-hm-cy-amWv.

ebmfw

20 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

D]-t`m-K-kw-kvImcw

D]-t`mKkwkvIm-c-Øns‚ Zqjy- eßsf kw_-‘n-°p∂ hkvXp-X-Iƒ ss{]adn¢mkp-Iƒ apX¬ ]mT-y-]-≤-Xn-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. D]-t`m-‡mhv F∂ \ne-bn-ep≈ \ΩpsS Ah-Im-i-ßfpw D]-t`m-IvXr\nb-a-ßfpw hnj-b-_-‘n-X-ambn IS-∂p-h-c-Ww.

el-cn-hn-cp≤ at\m- mhw

aZ-yw, ab-°p-a-cp-∂p-Iƒ, ]pI-bn-e, a‰p elcn]Zm¿Y-ßƒ F∂n-h-bpsS D]-tbmKw]pXp-X-e-ap-dbpsS Btcm-Ky-w XI¿°p-∂p-sh∂ Xncn-®-dnhv \ap-°p-≠m-hWw. mhn-X-e-ap-dsb Ch-bpsS Zqjn-X-h-e-b-Øn¬ \n∂p kwc-£n-t°≠-XmWv. CXn-\mbnelcn D]-tbm-K-Øns‚ imco-cnI am\-knImLmX-ßfpw A]-I-S-ßfpw hy-‡-am-°p∂ Nn{X-ßƒ, eLp-Ip-dn-∏p-Iƒ, Zriy-ßƒ F∂nh D≈-S-°-ta-J-e-bpsS ]cn-K-W-\bn¬ htc-≠-Xm-Wv. elcnhncp≤ at\m-`mhw krjvSn-°p-I-bm-hWw Ch-bpsSsb√mw ASn-ÿm\e£-yw.

enwK-\oXn

]mT-y-]-≤Xn enwKka-X-zhpw enwK\oXnbpw Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xm-h-Ww. B - -s]¨ hnth-N\w ]mT-y-]-≤-Xn-bn¬ IS-∂p-h-cm≥ ]mSn-√. ]mT-]p-kvX-I-ßfnse Nn{X-ß-fn¬t∏mepw enwK\oXn-bpsS ImgvN-∏m-Sp-I-fp-≠m-th-≠-Xp-≠v. ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒGs‰-SpØp \S-∏m-°p-tºmƒ enwK-\oXn Dd-∏m-t°-≠Xv A[ym-]-I-cpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-am-Wv.

anX-h-y-b-ioew

ss{]a-dn-Xew apX¬ Xs∂ anX-h-y-b-io-e-Øns‚ _me-]m-T-ßƒ Ipń-I-fn¬ k∂n-th-in-∏n-°-Ww. anX-hybioe-Øns‚ {]k-‡nbpw {]m[m-\-yhpw hy-‡-am-°mw. anX-h-y-b-ioew {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-°m-\p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw kwL-Sn-∏n-°m-hp∂XmWv.

tdmUv kpc£

tdmUn¬ ]men-t°≠ \nb-a-ßƒ, tdmU-]-I-S-ßƒ Hgn-hm-°m-\p≈ {]mtbm-KnI\n¿tZ-i-ßƒ, {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ F∂n-h-sb√mw tdmUv kpc-£-bpsS LS-I-ß-fmWv.tdmUv F∂Xv Hcp s]mXpCS-am-sW∂pw \ap-°p-≈-Xp-t]mse a‰p-≈-h¿°pw tdmUvD]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ kzmX-{¥-y-ap-s≠-∂p-ap≈ ]uc-t_m[w ]I¿∂p \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv.tdmUv kpc-£-bp-ambn _‘-s∏- p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°pw {]m[m-\yw \¬IWw.

]mT-y-]-≤-Xn-bpsS kzm- m-hn-I-amb hn\n-a-b-Øn¬ Cu taJ-e-Isf ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp≈ ]T-\m-\p- -h-ßƒ Dd-∏p-h-cp-Ø-Ww. hnhn[ hnj-b-ß-fpsS D≈-S°]c-ambBi-b-ßƒ Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-tºmgpw ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø\-ßƒ {Iao-I-cn-°p-tºmgpw aXn-bmb ]cn-K-W\ e`n-t°-≠-Xp≠v. ]T-\ -t_m-[\ {]{In-b-bn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-tºmƒCØcw Bi-b-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏- Adnhv, ss\]p-Wn, at\m- mhw F∂n-hbv°vDu∂¬ thWw. Cu e£y-ßƒ t\Sm≥ km[n-®n- pt≠m F∂v \nc-¥-c-hn-e-bn-cp-Ø¬ {]{In-bbn-eqsS ]cn-tim-[n-°m\pw IgnbWw. hnhn[ ¢∫v {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ,SPC, NCC, Scout & Guides, JRC, hnZymcwKw Iem-km-lnXythZn XpS-ßnb kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ aqe-y-ßƒ, at\m- m-h-ßƒ, {]Xn-_-≤X F∂nh hf¿Øm-\p≈ thZn-Ifm-IWw.

]{¥≠v

So®¿ sSIvÃv 21

Ah-Imim[njvTnX hnZym- ymkw (Right based Education)

Ipń-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-ßƒ \n¿Wbn-°p-Ibpw temI-hym-]-I-ambn \S-∏m-°p-IbpwsNøp-∂-Xn\v bp\kvtIm ap≥ssI-sb-Sp-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. CtX XpS¿∂v hnhn[ cmPy-ß-fn¬ Ipń-I-fpsS Ah-Imikwc-£-W-hp-ambn _‘-s∏ v Ht´sd \nb-a-\n¿am-W-ßƒ \S-∂n- p-≠v. C¥y-bn¬ tZiobhnZym- ymkmh-Imi\nbaw ˛ 2009 \S-∏m-°n-bXv Hcp kp{]-[m\ \mgn-I-°-√mbn IW-°m-°mw. Ipń-I-fpsS F√m-hn[ Ah-Im-i-ßfpw kwc-£n-t°-≠-Xns‚ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw apXn¿∂-h-cmb \ΩpsS IS-a-bmbn amdp-∂p. hnZym- ymk Ah-Im-i-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p ]d-bp-tºmƒ Ah {][m-\-ambpw aq∂p taJ-e-I-fn-embn-Xn-cn-°m-\m-hpw.

$ ]¶m-fnØw (Participation)$ e`yX (Provision)$ kwc-£Ww (Protection)

X\n°v e`y-amb Ah-Im-ißsf°p-dn®v Ipń- Nn¥n-°p-∂Xv Fß-s\-bm-bn-cn°pw?

]¶m-fnØw

$ Ipń-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ F√m Xocp-am-\-ß-fnepw Fs‚ A`n-{]mbw Bcm-bp-∂p-≠v.

$ Xocp-am-\-ß-fn¬ Fs‚ Xm¬∏-cy-Øn\v apJy-]-cn-K-W\ e`n-°p∂p-≠v.

$ Fs‚ Ign-hp-Ifpw ]cn-an-Xn-Ifpw Xncn-®-dn™v \¬Ip∂ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬]¶mfnbmIm≥ F\n°v Ah-kcw e`n-°p∂p-≠v.

$ Fs‚ Ign-hp-Iƒ ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°m\pw ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ adn-I-S-°m\pw Ign-bp∂ hg-°-ap≈ ]T-\-{]-{In-b-bn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-Im-≥ Ign-bp-∂p-≠v.

$ Fs‚ A`n-{]m-b-ßƒ°v am\y-amb ÿm\w e`n-°p-∂p-≠v.

$ F\n°pw Iq´p-Im¿°pw ¢mkn¬ \S-°p∂ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ kPo-h-amb ]¶m-fnØw e`n-°p-∂p-≠v.

$ Fs‚ Ign-hp-Iƒ {]I-Sn-∏n-°m≥ F\n-°-h-kcw e`n-°p∂p-≠v.

e`yX

$ aXn-bmb hnZym- ym-k-tbm-Ky-X-bp-≈hcpw Adn-hp-Iƒ Imtem-Nn-X-ambn ]pXp-°p-∂h-cp-amb A[ym-]-I-cpsS tkh\w F\n°v e`n-°p-∂p-≠v.

$ A\p-h-Zn-®n- p≈ apgp-h≥ ka-bhpw ]T-\m-\p- -h-ßƒ e`n-°p∂p-≠v.

$ imco-cn-I˛am\-knI hf¿®sb ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p∂Xn\v tbmPn® ¢mkvdqw A¥-co£w F\n-°v e`n-°p-∂p-≠v.

$ ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°m-h-iy-amb ]T-t\m-]-I-c-W-ßƒ bYm-k-abw Hcp-°n-Ø-cm≥ Fs‚ A[ym-]-I¿°v Ign-bp-∂p-≠v.

$ Iem- -Im-bnI ]cn-t]m-j-W-Øn\v Bh-iy-amb D]-I-c-W-ßfpw Ah-k-c-ßfpwF\n°v In´p∂p-≠v.

$ `mhn-bn¬ sXmgn¬ t\Sp-∂-Xn-\m-h-i-y-amb am¿K \n¿t±-i-ßƒ°pw, e -y-am-Ip-∂-Xv.

ebmfw

22 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

kwc-£Ww

$ hnZym-e-b-Øntem ]pdtØm bmsXm-cp-hn[ hnth-N-\hpw Rm≥ A\p- -hn-°p-∂n-√.

$ Fs∂ Hcp Xc-Ønepw Bcpw Ah-K-Wn-°p∂n-√.

$ imco-cn-I-am-tbm am\-kn-I-amtbm Bbn Bcpw Fs∂ ]oUn-∏n-°p-∂n-√.

$ \n¿ -b-ambn A[ym-]-I-tcmSv CS-s]-Sm≥ F\n°v Ign-bp-∂p-≠v.

$ Ipń-bm-sW-¶nepw F\n°v kzIm-cy-X-bp-≠v F∂v F√m-hcpw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p-≠v.

$ hnZym-e-b-Ønepw hońepw Rm≥ G‰hpw kpc-£n-X-am-bn-cn°pw F∂v F\n°vDd-∏p≠v.

$ am\-knIhpw imco-cnIhpambn Rm\-\p- -hn-°p∂ {]bmk-ß-fn¬ ssIØmßv\¬In Fs∂ im‡o-I-cn-°m-\p≈ kuI-cyw hnZ-ym-ebw {]Zm\w sNøp-∂p≠v.

Ipń-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-ßƒ CsXm-s°-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXv Dd∏phcp-Øp-∂-Xn\v X\n°vFs¥ms° sNøm≥ km[n®n´p-≠v? C\nbpw Xm≥ Fs¥ms° sNtø-≠-Xp≠v F∂vHmtcm A[ym-]-I\pw A[ym-]n-Ibpw Nn¥n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

kl-c-£m-I¿XrXzw (sa‚-dnMv)

tZio-b-hn-Z-ym- -ym-km-h-Im-i-\n-baw A[ym-]-Is\/A[-ym-]n-Isb kl-c-£n-Xmhv(Mentor) Bbn IW-°m-°p-∂p. ka-{K- kvIqƒ hnI-k-\-]-cn-t{]-£-y-Øn¬ kl-c-£-I¿Xz-Øn\v -h-enb {]kIvXnbpw {]m[m-\-yhp-ap-≠v.

hnZ-ym- -ymk{]{In-b-bnse apJ-y-L-S-I-amb A[ym-]-I- -hn-Zym¿∞n _‘-Øn¬ ImX-emb am‰w D≠m-bn- p-≠v. hn⁄m-\w- hn-X-cWw sNøp∂ Bfm-b√; Ipń-Iƒ°vhn⁄m\w t\Sm-\p≈ hnhn-[-ß-fmb Ah-k-c-ßƒ GtIm-]n-∏n°p-∂ hy‡n-bm-bmWv A[ym-]nI {]h¿Øn-t°-≠Xv.

bYm¿Y-Øn¬ as‰mcp hoSp-X-s∂-bmWv hnZ-ym-ebw. A[ym-]-IcmIs´, ho´p-Imcpw.]Tn-Xm°ƒ°v hoń¬\n∂v e`n-t°≠ kvt\lw, ]cn-K-W\, kpc-£n-X-X-z-t_m-[w,AwKo-Imcw F∂nh Gdnbpw Ipd™pamWv e`n-°p-∂Xv F∂ Xncn-®-dn-hv- HmtcmA[-ym-]-I\pw A[-ym-]-nIbv°pw D≠m-h-Ww. CXv Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw Hmtcm Ipń°pwth≠ coXn-bn¬ Ch sImSp-°p-Ibpw sNøm≥ Ign-bp-tºm-gmWv Ah-cpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xzw ]q¿W-am-Ip-∂-Xv. At∏m-gmWv kvIqƒ hoSm-Ip-∂-Xv.

kvt\lw, ]cn-K-W-\, kpc-£n-X-X-z-t_m-[w, AwKo-Imcw XpS-ßnbh \¬In Hcpkl-c-£n-Xm-hmbpw ]T-\-t\- -ßƒ ssIh-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ klm-bn-bmbpw amdp-tºm-gmWv ]pXnb Ime-L- -Øns‚ A[-ym-]nI/A[-ym-]-I-\mbn amdp∂-Xv.

kl-c-£m-I¿Xr-Xz-Øn-eqsS hgn-Im- ¬, D]-tZ-iw, ]n¥pW, sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø-en-\p≈Ah-kcw XpS-ßn-bh Ipń-Iƒ°v e`n°p-∂p. A\p- -h-ÿ-\mb ap≥Kman F∂ \ne-bnem-°m≥ kl-c-£m-I¿Ømhv CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ \S-tØ-≠-Xv. t_m[-\-Øn\v Bh-iy-amb klm-b-ßfpw Iu¨kenßp-sa√mw CXns‚ `mK-am-Wv. ]Tn-Xm-hn¬ Hfn-™pInS°p∂ Ign-hp-Iƒ ]pd-Øp-sIm≠phcm≥ Hcp \√ sa‚¿°v Ign-bpw.

sa‚-dnßneqsS;

$ A[ym-]-I\pw hnZym¿Yn°pw anI® hnZym- ymk A\p- -h-ßƒ e`n-°p-∂p.

]{¥≠v

So®¿ sSIvÃv 23

$ A[ym-]-I-s‚bpw hnZym¿Yn-bp-sSbpw Adn-hns‚ taJe hnI-kn-°p-∂p.

$ hnZym¿Yn-bpw kvIqfpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w i‡n-s∏-Sp-∂p.

$ hnZym¿Yn-bpsS ]T-\-]p-tcm-K-Xnbpw hy‡n-Xzhn-Im-khpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂p.

$ Iq´mb Nn¥bpw Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°epw {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw km[y-am-Ip-∂p.

$ c£n-Xm-°fpw kvIqfpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w i‡-am-hp-I-bpw Ipń-bpsS ]T-\-\n-esb kw_-‘n®v [mc-W-bp-≠m-hp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

$ Ie˛BtcmKy˛Imbn-I˛{]hr-Øn-]-T\ taJ-e-I-fnse Ipń-I-fpsS ]¶m-fn-Øhpwhne-bn-cp-Øepw i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

Ipń-bpsS ]T-\-Xm¬∏-c-y-sØbpw hy-‡n-X-z-hn-I-mk-sØbpw Xz-cn-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ ]cn-lm-c-t_m-[-\-{]-{In-b-sbbpw \nc-¥c aqe-y-\n¿W-b-{]-{In-bsbbpw klm-bn-°p∂ {]{In-b-bmbn sa‚dnMv hnI-kn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. sa‚dnMv A\p- -h-ß-fp-ambn_‘-s∏- - Ip-dn-∏p-Iƒ k©n-Xtc-J-bn¬ tN¿°Ww.

kvIqfnse apgp-h≥ A[-ym-]-Icpw kl-c-£n-Xm-hmbn {]h¿Øn-°-Ww. F√m ]Tn-Xm-°ƒ°pw kl-c-£m-I¿Xz-Øns‚ A\p- -h-ßƒ e`y-am-°-Ww. ¢mknse F√mIpń-I-sfbpw sNdnb {Kq∏p-I-fmbn IW-°m-°p-Ibpw Hmtcm {Kq∏ns‚bpw ]ptcm-KXn Dd-∏m-°m≥ Hmtcm A[ym-]-I\pw Npa-Xe \¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

A[ym-]-I¿ sXmgn¬]-c-ambn ]men-t°≠ [m¿anI \nb-a-kw-lnX(Code of Professional Ethics for School Teachers)1. hnZym¿Yn-I-tfm-Sp≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ßƒ

1.1 F√m hnZym¿Yn-I-tfmSpw kvt\l-hm-’-ey-ß-tfmsS s]cp-am-dp∂p.$ F√m hnZym¿Yn-I-tfmSpw ka- m-h-\-tbmsS s]cp-am-dpI.

$ ]T-\-Øn¬ ]n∂m°w \n¬°p∂ hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v {]tXyI ]cn-K-W\\¬IpI.

$ hnZym¿Yn-I-fn¬ Bfl-hn-izm-kw, Xm¬∏-cyw, {]Xymi F∂nh P\n-∏n-°p∂Xc-Øn-em-hWw s]cp-am-‰w.

1.2 PmXn, aXw, h¿Kw, h¿Ww, kmº-ØnI\ne-, `mj, enwKw, P∑-ÿew F∂o]cn-K-W-\-I-fn-√msX, \oXn, ]£-]m-X-cm-lnXyw F∂o aqey-ßsf _lp-am-\n-°p∂p.

$ A[ym-]-I¿°v P\m-[n-]XyXØz-ß-fn-epw kln-jvWp-X-bnepw kmaq-lnI\oXn-bn-ep-ap≈ hnizmkw hnZym¿Yn-I-fn-te°pw ]I-cp∂-p.

$ A[ym-]IcpsS hy‡n-]-c-amb hnizm-k-ßƒ, c-W-L-S\mXØz-ßƒ°v FXn-cm-bn-cp∂m¬ AXv kvIqƒ kwhn-[m-\sØ Kpcp-X-c-ambn _m[n°pw.

1.3 hnZym¿Yn-bpsS imco-cn-I-hpw _u≤n-I-hpw sshImcn-Ihpw kZm-Nm-c-]chpw kmaq-ln-Ihpw Bflo-b-hp-amb hnIm-k-Øn\v A¥-co-£-sam-cp-°p∂-p.

$ imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb tijn-Iƒ AXns‚ ]q¿WXbn-te°p hnI-kn-°p∂ Ime-amWv kvIqƒ hnZym- ym-k-Im-ew.

$ _u≤nI afi-e-Øn-\p-am{Xw hnImkw \¬I-em-h-cpXv hnZym- ymkw.

$ k¿h-tXm-ap-J-amb hy‡n-Xz-hn-Im-k-am-bn-cn-°Ww hnZym- ymke£yw.

1.4 kvIqƒ Pohn-XØ-ns‚ F√m Xe-Ønepw hnZym¿Yn-bpsS hy‡nXzw am\n-°-s∏Sp∂p.

$ a\p-jy≥ F∂ \ne-bn¬ Hcp hnZym¿Yn-°p≈ P\m-[n-]Xy Ah-Im-i-ßfpw

ebmfw

24 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

A¥ pw ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-≠v.

$ A[ym-]IcpsS mKØp\n∂p≈ {]Xn-Iq-e-amb A`n-{]mb{]I-S-\w hnZym¿Yn-bpsS Bflm- n-am-\sØ apdn-s∏Sp-Øp-Ibpw ]T-\sØ _m[n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.

$ kvIqfns‚ F√m {]h¿Ø-\-ßfnepw F√m Ipń-I-fp-sSbpw kPo-h-amb ]¶m-fnØw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°-Ww.

$ sFIy-cm-jv{S-k` AwKo-I-cn-®Xpw C¥y-IqSn H∏ph®-Xp-amb Ipń-I-fpsS Ah-Imi{]Jym]-\hpw Ipń-I-fpsS Ah-Imikwc-£W IΩo-j≥ dnt∏m¿´pwA[ym-]-I¿ a\- n-em°n {]h¿Øn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

$ kvIqfp-I-fn¬ A®-S°w ]men-°p∂--Xn-\p-th≠n cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ \nb-am-henIpń-I-fpsS a\p-jy-Xz-]-c-amb Ah-Im-i-ßƒ \ntj-[n-°p--∂Xm-h-cp-Xv.

1.5 Ipń-IfpsS B¥cn-I-ti-jn-Ifpw {]Xn- bpw {]mh¿Øn-I-am-°m-\p≈ Bkq-{Xn-Xhpw Nn -s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xp-amb {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v cq]w \¬I-Ww.

$ tIh-e-amb A°m-Z-anIt\ -ßƒ°v D]-cn-bmbn Hmtcm Ipń-bp-sSbpw tijnbpw{]Xn- bpw Xncn-®-dn-bp-I F∂Xv A[ym-]IcpsS {][m-\- ISa-bmWvv.

$ hnZym¿Yn-I-fpsS F√m-hn[ Ign-hp-Ifpw hnI-kn-°m-\m-h-iy-amb {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ D≠mIWw.

1.6 `c-W-L-S\ hn`m-h\w sNøp∂ aqey-ßfpw at\m- m-h-ßfpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂hn[-Øn-em-hWw ]mTy-]-≤Xn hn\n-abw.

$ P\m-[n-]-Xyw, aX-\n-c-t]-£-X, ka-Xzw, \oXn, kzmX-{¥yw F∂o `c-W-L-S\m aqey-ßƒ ]mTy-]-≤Xn hn\n-a-b-Øns‚ {][m\s∏´ B¥-cn-I-[mc-bm-h-Ww.

$ `c-W-L-S-\-bn¬ ]uc-∑m-cpsS IS-a-Isf°pdn®v ]d-bp∂ B¿ń-°nƒ 51 Fa\- nem°p-Ibpw AXnse F apX¬ sI hsc-bp≈ Jfi-ßƒ Dƒs°m≠v{]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNø-Ww.

1.7 hnZym¿Yn-I-fpsS Bh-iy-ßƒ A\pk-cn®v A[ym-]n-I-bpsS/ A[ym-]-Is‚A[ym-]-\-coXn ]cnjvIcn°p∂p.

$ \nc-¥chne-bn-cp-Ø-ens‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Ipń-bpsS {]Ir-Xw, B¿PnXambAdn-hv, A`n-cp-Nn, ]T-\-coXn XpS-ßn-bh ]cn-K-Wn®v t_m-[-\-X-{¥-ß-fn¬ Bh-iy-amb ]cn-jvI-cWw \n-c-¥cw \S-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v.

1.8 Ipń-Iƒ \¬Ip∂ Ah-cpsS hy‡n-]-c-amb hnh-c-ß-fpsS cl-ky-kz- mhwkq£n-°p-Ibpw B hnh-c-ßƒ \nb-a-]-c-ambn ssIam-dm-hp∂h-¿°p-am{XwssIam-dp-Ibpw sNøp∂-p.

$ Hcp Iu¨k-e¿ IqSn-bmb A[ym-]n-I/A[ym-]-I\v Ipń-bpsS hy‡n-]-c-ambhnh-c-ß-sf√mw Adnbmw.

$ Cu hnh-c-ßƒ Ipń-bpsS \∑-bv°p-th≠n hnth-I-]q¿hw am{Xta D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ ]mSp≈q.

1.9 Ipń-Isf b-s∏-Sp-Øp-I, D¬°WvTmIpe-cm-°p-I, imco-cn-I-ambn in£n-°pI,am\-kn-Ihpw sshIm-cn-I-hp-ambn ]oUn-∏n-°pI F∂n-h-bn¬\n∂v Hgn™p\n¬°p∂-p.

$ Ipńsb ssewKnI]oU-\-ß-fpƒs∏-sS-bp≈ ]oU-\-ß-fn¬\n∂pw Ah-K-W-\-bn¬\n∂pw Nqj-W-Øn¬-\n∂pw kwc-£n-°m-\p≈ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw A[ym-]I¿°p≠v.

]{¥≠v

So®¿ sSIvÃv 25

$ in£ sa®-s∏´ ]T-\-Øn-te°p \bn°pw F∂ sX‰n≤mcW Xncp-Ø-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-≠v.

$ CØcw Imcy-ß-fn¬ Ipń°p e`n-°p∂ \nb-a-]-cn-c-£sb°pdn®pw A[ym-]-I¿ Adn-™n-cn-°-Ww.

1.10 GXp hnt[-\-bpap≈ ssewKnI-Nqj-W-Øn¬\n∂pw Ipńsb kwc-£n-°p∂p.$ ssewKnINqj-Ww imco-cn-I--amb BLm-X-ßƒ am{X-a√, hf-sc-°mew Xßn-

\n¬°p∂ am\-kn-Im-Lm-XhpwIqSn Ipń°p≠m-°p∂p.

$ _lp-am-\-s∏´ C¥y≥ kp{]ow-tIm-S-Xnbpw F≥.-kn.]n. Bdpw tPmen ÿe-ß-fnepw kvIqfp-I-fnepw \S-°p∂ ssewKnINqj-W-Øn-s\-Xnsc \¬In-bn-´p≈ am¿K-\n¿tZ-i-ßƒ A[ym]-I¿ ]men-t°-≠-XmWv.

2. c£n-Xm-°-tfmSpw kaq-l-tØm-Sp-ap≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ßƒ

2.1 amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfmSpw c£-I¿Øm-°-tfmSpw hn\-b-]q¿h-ap≈ _‘w ÿm]n-°p∂p.

$ Ipńsb IqSp-X¬ Adn-bp--∂Xn\v Ah-cpsS c£I¿Øm-°-fp-ambpw kplr-Øp-°-fp-ambpw A[ym-]-I¿ \√ _‘w ]pe¿tØ-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv.

$ A[ym-]Icpw c£-I¿Øm-°-fp-am-bp≈ kvt\l-]q¿W-amb _‘w IpńsbA[ym-]Icp-ambn IqSp-X¬ ASp-∏n°pw.

$ `qcn-]£w c£n-Xm-°fpw Xß-fpsS Ipń-I-fpsS kvIqfn-\-I-Øpw -]p-d-Øp-ap≈{]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Ah-cpsS A[ym-]-I-cn¬\n∂v Adn-bm≥ Xm¬∏cy-ap-≈-h-cmWv.

$ hf¿®-bpsS L -Øn¬ Ipń-Iƒ°p kw -hn-°p∂ ]ng-hp-IƒIqSn t\ -ß-tfm-sSm∏w c£n-Xm-°-fp-ambn ]¶p-h-bv°p--∂Xv henb Zpc-¥-ßƒ Hgn-hm-°p∂--Xn\vklm-b-IamIpw.

2.2 Ipń-I-fpsS A¥- ns\ l\n-°p∂ GXp {]hr-Øn-bn¬\n∂pw hn´p-\n¬°pI.$ a‰p≈ hnZym¿Yn-I-fpsS ap∂n¬h®v Bflm- n-am-\sØ CSn-®p-XmgvØn kwkm-

cn-°p∂Xv Hgn-hm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

$ AXp-t]mseØs∂ c£n-Xm-°-fpsS A`n-am-\-sØbpw tNmZyw sNøcpXv.

$ GsX-¶nepw Hcp hn`mKw Ipń-I-fpsS am{Xw ]›m-Ø-esØ (Pm-Xn, aXw,kmº-Øn-Iw, ....) ]pIgvØn∏d-bp-∂Xv a‰p≈ Ipń-I-fn¬ hntZzjw P\n-∏n°pw.

2.3 Ipń-Iƒ°n-Sbn¬ C¥y-bpsS kmwkvIm-cnIss]Xr-I-sØ-°p-dn®v A`n-am-\-t_m[w hnI-kn-∏n-°m≥ {ian-°p∂p.

$ At\Iw kwkvIm-c-ß-fp-sSbpw `mj-I-fp-sSbpw aX-ß-fp-sSbpw hnizm-k-ß-fp-sSbpw \mSmWv C¥y. CXv Hmtcm ¢mkv apdn-bnepw {]Xn- -en°pw.

$ F∂m¬ C¥y-bn¬ Cu \m\m-Xz-Ønepw GIXzw cq]w-sIm-≠n- p-≠v.

$ ]c-kv]-c-ap≈ kln-jvWp-Xbpw F√m kwkvIm-c-ß-sfbpw _lp-am-\n°m-\p≈a\ pw thWw.

$ Cu XØzw ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bn-eq-sS- hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m-\p≈ t_m[-]q¿h-amb {iawBh-iy-am-Wv.

2.4 hnhn[ P\-hn- m-K-ßƒ XΩn-ep≈ hntZz-jhpw i{Xp-Xbpw hf¿Øp∂ XcØn-ep≈ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Hgn-hm-°Ww.

$ F√m aX-ß-tfmSpw hnizm-k-ß-tfmSpw `mj-I-tfmSpw Xpey-_-lp-am\whf¿Øp∂ Xc-Øn-ep≈ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fm-Wv ¢mkn¬ \S-t°-≠-Xv.

ebmfw

26 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

$ tZio-tbm-Zv{K-Y-\-Øns‚ ASn-Ød BZyw C¥y-°m-c≥, ]ns∂ am{Xw Hcphn`m-K-Ønse AwKw F∂ [mcWbmWv.

$ GsX-¶nepw Hcp hn`m-K-Øns‚ {]Nm-c-W-Øn-\mbn kvIqƒ / ¢mkv D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ø-cp-Xv.

$ ImenI-amb kmaqlnI - cmjv{Sob Imcy-ßƒ N¿®-sN-øp-tºmgpw A[ym-]-I≥/A[ym-]nI GsX-¶nepw Hcp ]£Øp \n∂v kwkm-cn-°-cp-Xv.

3. A[ym-]\w F∂ sXmgn-ent\mSpw kl-{]-h¿Ø-I-tcm-Sp-ap≈ DØ-c-hmZn-Xz-ßƒ.

3.1 sXmgn¬sshZKv[yw hnI-kn-∏n-°p∂X-n\v \nc-¥-cw ]cn-{i-an-°p∂-p.

$ Hcp hnZym¿Ynsb \nc-¥c]Tn-Xmhm-°m≥ {ian-°p∂ A[ym-]-I\pw Aßs\BtI-≠-Xp-≠v,

$ \nc-¥cw hnI-kn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ hn⁄m\taJ-e-I-sf-°p-dn®pw A[ym-]\coXn-I-sf-°p-dn-®p-ap≈ Adnhv tiJ-cn-°m\pw {]tbm-K-Øn¬ hcp-Øm\pwIgn-b-Ww.

$ GsX√mw Xe-ß-fn-¬\n∂v X\n°v ]pXnb Adn-hp-Iƒ e`n°pw F∂v At\z-jn-°pIsb∂Xv A[ym-]-Is‚ IS-a-bm-Wv.

3.2 kl-{]-h¿Ø-I¿ XΩnepw a‰p-≈-h¿ XΩn-ep-ap-≈ t_m[-]q¿h-amb Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-Øn-eqsS ]pXn-sbm-cp kwcw`w krjvSn-°p∂-p.

$ A°m-Z-an-I-amb DW-¿hv P\n-∏n-°p∂--Xpw F√m A[ym-]-I¿°pw Xß-fp-tS-Xmb kw`m-h\ \¬Im≥ Ignbp-∂Xp-amb Hcp ss\Xn-IX kvIqfn¬ krjvSn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

$ Cß-s\-sbm-cp-W¿hv D≠m-°p∂--Xn\v Bkq-{Xn-Xhpw e-{]-Z-hp-amb kl-I-cWw F√m A[ym-]-I-cn¬\n∂pw D≠m-h-Ww.

$ kvIqfnse {]iv\ßƒ ]cn-l-cn-°p--∂Xn¬ F√m A[ym-]-I-cp-sSbpw {Inbm-fl-I-amb \n¿tZi-ßfpw {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw D≠m-I-Ww.

$ A[ym-]Isc am{Xa√, kvIqƒ hnj-b-ß-fn¬ Xm¬∏-cy-ap≈ F√m hn`m-K-sØbpw CØcw {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-°m≥ A[ym-]-I\v Ign-b-Ww.

3.3 kl-{]-h¿Ø-I-tcmSv A¥-t m-sSbpw _lp-am-\-tØm-sSbpw s]cp-am-dp-∂p.

$ kvIqfnse F√m A[ym-]-I-tcmSpw Ah-cpsS hnZym- ymktbmKy-Xtbm Ah¿GXp hn`m-K-Ønse Ipń-Isf ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p-sht∂m ]cnKWn-°msX A¥-t m-sSbpw _lp-am-\-tØm-sSbpw s]cp-am-d-Ww.

3.4 A[ym-]-I¿ kzIm-cySyqj≥ FSp-°p-Itbm a‰p kzIm-cy hnZym- ymk{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-Itbm sNøp∂-n-√.

$ A[ym-]-I≥ kzImcySyqj≥ FSp-°p-∂Xv Ah-cpsS kvIqƒ {]h¿-Ø-\-ßsf{]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-°p∂p.

$ kz¥w {]h¿Ø-\-ta-Je anI-®-Xm-°m-\p≈ kabw Ah¿°v \jvS-am-Ip∂-p.

$ kz¥w hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v kzIm-cySyqj≥ \¬Ip-tºmƒ AXv kvIqfnsess\XnIXØz-ßƒ°pXs∂ hnLm-XamI-Ø° s]cp-am-‰-ßƒ°p Imc-W-am-bn-Øo-cpw.

]{¥≠v

So®¿ sSIvÃv 27

3.5 Xs‚ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-sfbpw Xocp-am-\-ß-sfbpw kzm[o-\n-°p-sa∂v Adn-bm-hp--∂Xn-\m¬ GsX-¶nepw hn[-Øn-ep≈ kΩm-\-ßtfm a‰p klm-b-ßtfm kzoI-cn-°p∂n√.

$ GsX-¶nepw Xc-Øn-ep≈ B\p-Iq-ey-ßƒ {]Xo-£n-®p-sIm≠v \¬I-s∏-Sp∂hne-]n-Sn-∏p≈ kΩm-\-ßƒ A[ym-]-I¿ hnZym¿Yn-I-fn¬\nt∂m c£-I¿Øm-°-fn¬\nt∂m kzoI-cn-°-cp-Xv.

3.6 kl{]h¿Ø-I¿s°-Xn-scbpw D∂-Xm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒs°-Xn-scbpw A\m-h-iy-ambBtcm-]-W-ßƒ D-∂bn-°p-∂n-√.

$ ]c-kv]cw Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ hn`m-KobkwL-ßƒ A[ym-]-I¿°n-S-bn¬ A`n-Im-ay-a-√.

$ kl-{]-h¿Ø-I¿s°-Xn-cmbn sXfn-hp-I-fn-√mØ Btcm-]-W-ßƒ D∂-bn-°-cpXv.

$ GsX-¶nepw Hcp kl-{]-h¿Ø-Is‚/kl-{]-h¿Ø-I-bpsS mK-Øp-\n∂v Kpcp-X-c-amb sX‰v ImWp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXv ko\n-b¿ A[ym-]-I-cpsS {i≤-bn¬s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

3.7 kl-{]-h¿Ø-I-cp-sStbm hnZym¿Yn-I-fp-sStbm c£n-Xm-°-fp-sStbm ap∂n¬h®vHcp kl-{]-h¿Ø-Is\ A[n-t£-]n®v kwkm-cn-°p∂-n-√.

$ A[ym-]-Isc-°p-dn®v hyXy-kvX-ßfmb A`n-{]m-b-ßƒ D≠mImw. F∂m¬AXv {]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂ coXn am\y-am-bn-cn-°-Ww.

$ kl-{]-h¿Ø-Is‚ A[ym-]\coXnsb A]-l-kn-°p∂ Xc-Øn¬ kwkm-cn-°-cpXv.

3.8 kl-{]-h¿Ø-I-cpsS A[ym-]-\-\n-e-]m-Sp-Isf am\n-°p-∂p.

$ A[ym-]-\-Øn¬ anIhp ]pe¿Øp--∂h-cpsS {]h¿Ø-\-ßsf «mLn-°p-IbpwAØcw anIhv B¿Pn-°m≥ {ian-°p-Ibpw sNø-Ww. F∂m¬ AXv XnI®pwA‘-amb A\p-I-c-W-am-I-cp-Xv.

3.9 kl-{]-h¿ØI-sc-°p-dn-®p≈ kzImcyhnh-c-ßƒ cl-ky-ambn kq£n-°pIbpw\nb-a-]-c-ambn Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ am{Xw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

$ GsX-¶nepw Bh-iy-Øn-\mbn tiJ-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂, kl-{]-h¿Ø-Isc-°p-dn-®p≈hy‡n]c-amb hnh-c-ßƒ clkykz`m-h-ap-≈-Xm-sW-¶n¬ Ah \nb-a-]-c-ambImcy-ßƒ°p am{Xta shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ ]mSp≈q.

So®¿ πm\¿

ssZ\w-Zn\ ]mTm-kq{XW tcJ-bmWv So®¿ πm\¿. ]T-\-t\- -ßsf e£y-am°n ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Ønepw So®¿sS-IvÃnepw \¬In-bn- p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Xs‚ ¢mknseIpń-Iƒ°v tbmPn® coXn-bn¬ hg-°-tØmsS, am‰-ßƒ hcp-Ønbpw Iqń-t®¿Øpw{]{Inbm t]Pv hnI-kn-∏n-°p-I-bmWp th≠-Xv.

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-tfm-sSm∏w hne-bn-cp-Øepw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠p≈ Bkq-{X-W-amWv {]{In-bm-t]-Pn¬ Fgp-tX-≠-Xv. \nc-¥-c-hn-e-bn-cp-Ø-en-eqsS e`n-°p∂ hnh-c-ß-ƒ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ t]Pnep≠mbn-cn-°-Ww.

IrXyhpw A¿Y-]q¿W-hp-amb Bi-b-cq-]o-I-c-W-Øn\v Bh-iy-amb ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-

ebmfw

28 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

\-ßƒ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-Xm-hWw So®¿ πm\¿. Cßs\ Hmtcm BgvN-bnepw \S-∏n-em-°nb ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS hne-bn-cp-Ø-en-eqsS cq]o-I-cn-°-s∏´ hnh-c-ßsf ASn-ÿm-\-am°n So®¿ {]Xn- -e-\-°p-dn∏v (Reflection Note) Xbm-dm-°p-Ibpw SRG/Subject Council en¬ N¿®sN-øp-Ibpw thWw. Cu Ipdn-∏ns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-hWw A[ym-]nI XpS¿∂p≈ Bkq-{X-W-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-t°-≠-Xv.

So®¿ πm\dns‚ t^m¿am‰v NphsS tN¿°p-∂p.

So®¿ πm\¿

bqWn‰ns‚ t]cv :

XobXn :

{]Xo-£n-°p∂ kabw :

]T-\-t\- -ßƒ :

Bi-b-ßƒ :

tijn-Iƒ :

`mjmhkvXp-X-Iƒ (`mj-bv°p -am-{Xw) :

hy-h-lmccq]-ßƒ (`mj-bv°p- am-{Xw) :

aqe-y-ßƒ, at\m- m-h-ßƒ :

]T\kma-{Kn-Iƒ :

{]Xo-£nX D¬∏-∂-ßƒ :

{]{Inbm t]Pv hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ t]Pv

{]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw hne-bn-cp-Øepw (hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ hnh-c-ß-fmWv

AS-ßnb {]{Inb ChnsS Fgp-Xp-∂-Xv.)

A[ym-]nI/ A[ym-]-Is‚ H∏v

]{¥≠v

So®¿ sSIvÃv 29

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{]Xn- -e-\m-flINn¥ (Reflections)

Fs‚ Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ, Xncn-®-dn-hp-Iƒ

(]T\{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ {]{In-b-bn-eqsS e`n® hnh-c-

ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬)

$

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XpS¿{]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw ]cn-lmc{]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw ˛ kqN\

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ebmfw

30 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

kvIqfnse ]T\w (Learning) kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw \nc-¥-c-ambpw \S-t°≠ {]{In-b-bmWv. ]T\w Imcy-£-a-am-I-W-sa-¶n¬, ]T\m\p- -h-ßƒ Dt±-iym-[n-jvTn-X-hpw ]T-\-t\- -ßsf tI{μo-I-cn-®p-am-IWw. ]T\{]-{In-b-bn-eqsS t\-tS≠ tijn-Isfbpw[mc-W-I-sfbpw kw_-‘n®v A[ym-]-I¿°pw ]Tn-Xm-°ƒ°pw hy‡-amb Ah-t_m[w D≠m-I-Ww. Hmtcm ]mT- m-K-hp-ambn _‘-s∏ v B¿÷nt°≠ ]T\t\ -ßƒ (Learning outcomes) ap≥Iqń I≠p-sIm≠v ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Bkq-{XWwsNø-Ww. Ch Pohn-X-k-μ¿ -ß-fp-ambn _‘n-∏n®v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw thWw.

t\Snb tijn-I-fpw [mc-W-Ifpw ]T-\-t\- -ßƒ Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn\v F{X-am{Xw ]cym-]vX-amWv? ]T-\-t\-´-ßƒ ssIh-cn-°m≥ C\nbpw tijn-°p-∂-h¿ Bsc√mw?\¬tI≠p∂ XpSc\p- -h-ßƒ Fs¥-√m-am-IWw? Ah Fßs\ \¬Ipw? C{]-Im-c-ap≈ Nn¥-I-fmWv hne-bn-cp-Ø-en-s‚ mK-ambn A[ym-]-I-cn¬ D≠m-tI-≠Xv.

]mT- m-K-Øns‚/bqWn-‰ns‚ hn\n-a-b-Øn-\p-tijw "Fs¥ms° ]T-\-t\´ßƒ ssIh-cn®p' F∂v hne-bn-cp-Øp∂ {]{Inbsb ]T-\sØ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ (Assessmentof learning) F∂p ]d-bp∂p. ]T-\-Øn-\p-ti-j-ap≈ ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ anI-hv, ]T-\-\n-e-hmcw F∂n-h-bmWv ChnsS hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. CXv hne-bn-cp-Ø-ens‚ Hcp Xewam{Xta BIp-∂p-≈q.

]T\w Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ hne-bn-cp-Ø-en-\mWv IqSp-X¬ {]mapJyw I¬∏n-t°-≠-Xv. ]T\w \S-°p∂ thf-bn¬ AXns‚ Imcy-£-a-X-bv°p-th≠n A[ym-]-It\m kl-]m-Tn-Itfm \S-Øp∂ hnhn-[-ß-fmb CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ D≠m-Imw. ]T-\-Ønt\m-sSm-∏-ap≈ Cu CS-s]Sepw oUv_m°v \¬Iepw hne-bn-cp-Ø-ens‚ as‰m-cp -X-e-am-Wv. CXns\ ]T-\-Øn-\m-bp≈ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ (Assessment for learn-ing) F∂v ]d-bp∂p. CXv ]T-\-]p-tcm-K-Xn-°p-th≠n \nc-¥cw \n¿h-ln-t°-≠-Xpw]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-tØmSv Cg-tN¿∂v \n¬t°≠-Xp-amWv.

]T-\-Øn-eqsS t\Snb Bi-b-ßsfbpw [mc-W-I-sfbpw hna¿i-\m-fl-I-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-°p-Ibpw am‰-ßƒ Dƒs°m-≈p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Xncp-Ø¬ {]{In-bbpw D≠v.CXns\ kzbw hne-bn-cp-Ø-embn Icp-Xmw. C{]-Imcw kzbw \n¿h-ln-°p∂ hne-bn-cp-Ø-en-eqsSbpw ]T\w km[y-am-Ip-∂p. CXns\ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬Xs∂- ]-T\w (As-sessment as learning) F∂p ]d-bp∂p. CXn-eqsS sa®-s∏- -co-Xn-bn¬ Fßns\]Tn°mw F∂v ]Tn-Xmhv [mc-W-bp-≠m-°p∂p (Learning to learn).]T\w IqSpX¬ Imcy-£-a-amhm≥ "]T-\-Øn-\m-bp≈ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬', "hne-bn-cp-Ø¬Xs∂ ]T\w' F∂n-h-bv°v Du∂¬ \¬tI-≠-Xp-≠v. ]T\w ê-{]-Z-am-Ip-∂-Xn-\p≈ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ {]{In-b-Iƒ°v {]m[m\yw \¬Ip∂ kao-]-\-amWv kzoI-cn-t°-≠-Xv.

]T-\-t\- -ßƒ Dd-∏m-°p∂ Xc-Øn-ep≈ ]T\kao-]\w kzoI-cn-°p-tºmƒ AXn\vA\p-Kp-W-amb hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ kao-]-\hpw kzoI-cn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. Bb-Xn-\m¬ ]T-

hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ kao-]\w

]{¥≠v

So®¿ sSIvÃv 31

\-t\- -ß-ƒ°v Du∂¬ \¬Ip∂ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ kao-]-\-amWv (Outcome focusedassessment approach) kzoIcn-t°-≠-Xv. ]T-\-t\- -ßƒ°v Du∂¬ \¬In cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßfn¬ ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ kPoh-]-¶m-fnØw Dd-∏p-h-cp-ØWw.

]Tn-Xm-hn\pw A[ym-]-I\pw c£-I¿Øm-hn\pw Htc t]mse ]T-\-t\- -ß-sf-°p-dn®v[mc-W-bp-≠m-hp-I, hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v hy‡X ssIh-cp-I, ]T-\-t\- -ßƒDd-∏n®v apt∂m- p-t]m-Im-\m-hp-I, hnZym¿Yn tI{μo-Ir-X-am-hp-I, kmaq-ly-{]-iv\-ßsfXncn-®-dn-bp-hm-\p≈ Ign-hp-≠m-hp-I, {Inbm-fl-Ihpw hna¿i-\m-fl-Ihpw bp‡n-]-c-hp-amb Nn¥-Isf t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°pI apX-em-bh ]T-\-t\- -ßƒ°v Du∂¬ \¬In-bn- p≈ ]T-\-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-I-fm-Wv.

\nc-¥-chpw ka-{K-hp-amb hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ (CCE)

]Tn-Xm-hn¬ A\kyq-X-ambn \S°p∂ Hcp {]{In-b-bm-Wv ]T\w. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂tijn-Ifpw [mc-W-Ifpw F{X-tØmfw t\Sn F∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°p∂ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬{]{In-bbpw \nc-¥-c-am-bn-cn-°-Ww. ka-{K-amb hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ F∂-Xp-sIm≠v A¿Y-am-°p-∂Xv ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ ssh⁄m-\n-I-hpw kmaq-ln-I˛sshIm-cn-I taJ-e-I-fnsehne-bn-cp-ØepamWv. Cßs\ \nc-¥-chpw ka-{K-hp-amb hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ coXn-bmWvkzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

CCE taJ-e-Iƒ

c≠v taJ-e-I-fn-em-bmWv CCE \n¿h-ln°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

1. ssh⁄m-\nItaJe

2. kmaq-lnI˛sshIm-cn-ItaJ-e

ssh⁄m-\nI taJ-e-bnse hnImkw kw_-‘n® hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

lb¿ sk°‚dn taJ-e-bnse ]T\hnj-b-ßfmb mj, imkv{X hnj-b-ßƒ, am\-hnI ˛ hmWn-Py-imkv{X hnj-b-ßƒ, Btcm-Ky -Im-bnI hnZym- ymkw F∂nhssh⁄m-\nI taJ-e-bn¬s∏Sp-∂p. Hmtcm hnj-b-ßfnepw B¿÷n® ]T-\-t\- -ßfmWv hne-bncp-tØ-≠Xv. ChnsS c≠v Xc-Øn-ep≈ hne--bn-cp-Ø-emWv \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂-Xv.

1. \nc-¥chne-bn-cp-Ø¬ (CE)

2. tSw hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ (TE)

\nc-¥-c hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ (CE) :

aq∂p coXn-bn-ep≈ \nc-¥c hne-bn-cp-Ø-emWv \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂Xv.

$ ]T\{]{In-b-bpsS hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

$ t]m¿ vt^mfntbm hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

$ bqWn‰vXe hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

]T\{]{In-b-bpsS hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

]T-\t\- -ßƒ B¿Pn-°p-∂-Xn-\p- ]Tn-Xmhpw A[ym-]n-Ibpw hnhn-[-ß-fmb {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Bkq-{XWw sNøp-∂p. ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-Ønse ]¶m-fn-Øw, ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ {]I-S-\-Øn-tebpw Ah-X-c-W-Øn-tebpw anI-hv, ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ k¿§m-fl-IX, \n¿ZnjvS tijn-Iƒ F{X-am{Xw B¿Pn-°m≥ Ign-™n- p≠v, XpS-ßnb Imcy-

ebmfw

32 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

ßƒ So®-¿ hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. NphsS sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ kqN-I-ßƒ hne-bn-cp-Ø-en\v D]-tbm-Kn°mw.

1. {]h¿Ø-\-Ønse ]¶m-fnØw

2. Bib[mcW

3. tijn-Iƒ B¿Pn-°¬

4. {]I-S\w/Ah-X-cWw

5. tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø¬/Xbmdm°¬

{]{Inbmhne-bn-cp-Ø¬ \n¿h-ln-°p-tºmƒ, Hmtcm kqN--Ihpw ASn-ÿm-\-am°n hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ \n¿h-ln-°-Ww. DZm-l-c-W-ambn {]h¿Ø-\-Ønse ]¶m-fnØw F∂kqNIw ASn-ÿm-\-am°n hne-bn-cp-Øp-tºmƒ G‰hpw anI® ]¶m-fn-Ø-ap-≈-h¿,anI® ]¶mfn-Ø-ap-≈-h¿, icm-icn ]¶m-fn-Ø-ap-≈-h¿, C\nbpw sa®-s∏-tS-≠-h¿F∂p kqNn-∏n-°p∂ Xc-Øn-ep≈ Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ "So®¿ πm\-dn's‚ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬t]Pn¬ D≠m-h-Ww. Hcp tSan-\p-≈n¬ F√m ]Tn-Xm-°-tfbpw {]{In-b-bpsS `mK-ambn hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ \SØn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

{]{In-bm-hn-e-bn-cp-Ø-en¬ kzbw hne-bn-cp-Ø¬, ]c-kv]c hne-bn-cp-Ø¬, A[ym-]I hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ F∂n-h-bv°v km[y-X-Iƒ \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv.

\nc-¥c hne-bn-cp-Ø-ens‚ `mK-ambn hnhn[ hnj-b-ß-fn¬ ]T-\-{]-{Inb hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠Xv Fßn-s\-sb∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.

$ {]h¿Ø-\-Ønse ]¶m-fnØw

˛ {]h¿Ø\w Gs‰-SptØm?

˛ hy‡nK-X-ambn sNøm≥ {ian-®n- pt≠m?

˛ {Kq∏n¬ e-{]-Z-ambn CS-s]- n- pt≠m?

˛ Bi-b-ßƒ ]¶p-h-®n- pt≠m?

- a‰p-≈-h-cpsS ]¶m-fn-ØsØ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-®n- pt≠m?

$ Bi-b-[m-cW

˛ D≈-S-°-]-c-amb [mcW

- Adnhv \n¿amW L -ßƒ

˛ Bi-b-kzmw-io-I-c-W-Ønse anIhv

˛ Bi-b-ß-fpsS {]tbm-K-tijn

Ch-bn¬ ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ anI-hv.

$ tijn-Iƒ B¿Pn-°¬

˛ {]{In-bm-ti-jn-Iƒ t\Sm≥ th≠n-bp≈ ap≥[m-c-W-Iƒ F{X-tØmfw?

˛ \n›-bn-®n-cn-°p∂ {]{Inbmtijn-Iƒ t\Sm≥ Cu {]h¿Ø-\-Øn-eqsS Ign-™n- pt≠m?

˛ tijn B¿Pn-°m-Ø-h¿°v F¥v A[n-I-{]-h¿Ø-\-amWv \¬tI-≠Xv?

$ {]I-S\w/ Ah-X-cWw

˛ hy‡n-KX {]h¿Ø-\-Øn\v tijhpw {Kq∏v {]h¿Ø\-Øn\v tijhpw Is≠-Ønb Imcyw Ah-Xcn∏n-°m≥ {ian-®n- pt≠m?

]{¥≠v

So®¿ sSIvÃv 33

˛ \nK-a\w bp‡n-]q¿hw ka¿Yn-°m≥ Ign-™n- pt≠m?

$ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø¬/ Xbm-dm-°¬

- {]h¿Ø-\-Øn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-b-t∏mƒ Bh-iy-amb tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ \S-Øn-bn- pt≠m?

- tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ a‰p-≈-h¿°v a\- n-em-Ip∂ coXn-bn¬ BtWm?

- tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-en\v ASp°pw Nn´bpw Dt≠m?

- hy‡n-K-Xambpw {Kq∏v N¿®bv°v tijhpw s]mXp N¿®bv°v tij-hp-w tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ \n¿Δ-ln-®n- pt≠m?

\nc-¥c hne-bn-cp-Ø-ens‚ `mK-ambn `mj-bn¬ ]T-\-{]-{Inb hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠Xv Fß-s\-sb∂p ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.

`mj-bn¬ D≈-S-°-]-c-amb Bibw e`n-°p∂p F∂-Xp-t]mse {][m-\-amWv hyh-lm-c-cq-]-kw-_-‘n-bmb Adnhpw mjm-ti-jn-I-fpsS hnIm-khpw Aß-s\-sb-¶n¬kqN-I-ßƒ ]cn-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠v Fß-s\-bmWv ]T-\-{]-{Inb hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠-Xv F∂v]cn-tim-[n-°mw.

$ ]¶m-fnØw

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ Xm¬∏cyw, {Kq∏v {]-h¿Ø-\-Ønse ]¶m-fn-Øw F∂n-h-sbms° CXn¬ ]cn-K-Wn-°-Ww.

$ Bib[mcW

`mj-bnse D≈-S-°-]-c-amb [mc-W, hyh-lm-c-cq-]-Øns‚ LS-\, KpW-\n-e-hmc kqNI-ßƒ, hyXykvX `mjm-]-T-\-k-t¶-X-ß-fn-eqsS Adnhv \n¿Ωn-s®-Sp-°p∂ coXn, mjm-]-c-amb anIhv F∂n-h-bn¬ ]Tn-Xmhv FhnsS \n¬°p∂pF∂-XmWv A[ym-]nI ChnsS hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠-Xv.

$ tijn-Iƒ

{ih-Ww, `mjWw, hmb-\, teJ-\w, k¿Km-fl-IX XpS-ßnb tijotaJ-e-I-fn¬ ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ ]ptcm-KXn hne-bn-cpØn ôUv_m°v \¬Ip-∂p. ChnsShnhn[ mjm hyh-lmctaJ-e-Iƒ, mjm-h-kvXp-X-Iƒ, Bi-b-hn-\n-abw F∂n-h-bn¬ Ipń-bpsS {]I-S\w IqSn ]cn-K-Wn-°-Ww.

$ {]IS\w/Ah-X-cWw

`mj-bn¬ Bi-b-{]-I-S-\-Øn\v hyXykvX hgn-I-fp-≠-t√m. Ipń-bpsS cN-\m-ti-jn-t]m-se-Øs∂ {][m-\-amWv a‰p mjm-{]-I-S-\-ßfpw (]mcm-b-Ww, Be]-\w, A`n-\-bw, Nn{Xw-h-c, mj-Ww) D®m-c-W-ip-≤n, kv]jvSX Chbpw ]cn-K-Wn-®m-bn-cn°pw ChnsS A[ym-]I¿ oUv_m°v \¬tI-≠Xv.

$ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø¬/Xbm-dm-°¬

{]h¿Ø-\-Øn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-b-t∏mƒ Bh-iy-amb tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ \S-Øn-bn- pt≠m? tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ a‰p-≈-h¿°v a\- n-em-Ip∂ coXn-bn¬BtWm? tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-en\v ASp°pw Nn´bpw Dt≠m? hy‡n-K-Xambn cN\\S-Øn-bn- pt≠m? ¢mkv N¿®bv°v tijw {Kq∏n¬ sa®-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- pt≠m?sX‰n-√msX cN\ \n¿h-ln-°m≥ Ipń-Iƒ°v Ign-bp-∂pt≠m? F∂-sXms°bmWv A[ym-]nI hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠-Xv.

]T-\{]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ kq£va-X-e-Øn¬ Bkq-{XWw sNøp-∂-Xn\pw \nc-¥c hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ imkv{Xo-b-am-°p-∂-Xn-\pambn So®¿ πm\¿ Xbm-dm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

ebmfw

34 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

(1) So®¿ πm\-dnse hni-Zmw-i-ßƒ

(i) ]T-\-t\- -ßƒ

(ii) Bibßƒ/[mc-W-Iƒ

(iii) tijn-Iƒ

(iv) aqey-ßƒ/at\m- m-h-ßƒ

(v) ]T\kma-{Kn-Iƒ

(vi) {]Xo-£n-°p∂ Dev]-∂-ßƒ

(vii) ]nco-Up-I-fpsS FÆw

(viii) {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw hne-bn-cp-Øepw AS-ßnb {]{Inbm t]Ppw hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ hnh-c-ßƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ t]Ppw.

A\p-cq-]o-I-cWw Dƒt®¿Øp-sIm-≠p≈ ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS Bkq-{XWw,hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ kμ¿ -ßƒ, X{¥-ßƒ, Sqfp-Iƒ F∂nh So®¿ πm\-dn¬ D≠m-I-Ww. Hcp Bibw, hnhn[ Bi-b-ßƒ, Hcp ]T-\-t\- w F∂nh tI{μo-I-cnt®m bqWn-‰ns\ ka-{K-ambn I≠p-sImt≠m So®¿ πm\¿ Xbm-dm-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

(2) hnj-b-_-‘n-X-amb BIvSn-hn‰n temKv kw_-‘n® hni-Zmw-i-ßƒ

ssh⁄m-\nItaJ-e-bpsS hne-bn-cp-Ø-en\v ASn-ÿm-\am-t°≠ {][m-\ -tc-J-bmWv]Tn-Xm-hns‚ BIvSn-hn‰n temKv. ]T-\-{]-{In-b-Iƒ°-\p-k-cn®v hnhn[ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-∂-Xn\v BIvSn-hn‰n temKvv klm-b-I-am-Wv. ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ k¿Km-fl-I-X, Nn¥m{]{In-b-Iƒ, mjmss\]pWn, kmaq-ln-I- -ssh-Im-cnI Xe-ßƒ XpS-ßn-bh BIvSn-hn‰n temKn¬ {]Xn- -en-°pw. ]mT- mKw hn\n-abw sNøp-∂-Xn\v kzoI-cn-°p∂ hnhn[ X{¥-ßƒ, Ah-bpsS ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-Øn\v ]Tn-Xmhv \S-Øp∂ aps∂m-cp-°-ßƒ, {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS hnhn[ L -ß-fnse CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ XpSßn F√mhnh-c-ßfpw BIvSn-hn‰n temKn¬ D≠m-I-Ww. {]h¿Ø-\-Øn-eqsS cq]-s∏´ Dev]-∂-ßƒ kw_-‘n® hni-Zmw-i-ßƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠Xpw BIvSn-hn‰n temKn¬ Xs∂-bm-Wv. ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\sØ i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øm-\mbn A[ym-]-I¿ \¬Ip∂ A[n-I-hn-h-c-ßfpw BIvSnhn‰n temKn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ømw.

ka-b-_-‘n-X-ambn t\ -ßƒ hne-bn-cpØn ]T-\-]p-tcm-K-Xn°v Bh-iy-amb \n¿tZ-i-ßfpw ssIØm-ßpw A[ym-]nI \¬I-Ww. bqWn‰v Ah-km-\n-°p-tºmƒ BbqWn‰nse ]T-\-t\ -ßƒ ]Tn-Xmhv t\Sn-bn- pt≠m F∂v hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈Hcp tcJ-bmbn BIvSn-hn‰n temKv ]cn-W-an-°-Ww.

Bi-b-hy-‡-X-bp-≈Xpw kμ¿ -ßƒ°pw Bi-b-ßƒ°pw tbm-Py-amb ]cm-a¿i-ßƒ D≈Xpw kz¥w Nn¥-Iƒ kzmwio-I-cn-°p-∂-Xpw {]Xn- -en-∏n-°p-∂XpamhWwBIvSn-hn‰n temKv. Imcy-ßƒ auen-I-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-Ww. BIvSn-hn‰n temKn\vka-{K-Xbpw XpS¿®bpw D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.

$ t]m¿ vt^mfntbm hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn-eqsS IS∂pt]mIptºmƒ cq]-s∏-Sp∂ F√m Dev]-∂-ßfptSbpwHcp kam-lm-c-amWv t]m¿ vt^mfn-tbm-. ]T-\sØ kw_-‘n®v Ipń-°pw c£n-Xm-hn\pw A[ym-]n-Ibv°pw oUv_m°v \¬IpI F∂ [¿a-amWv t]m¿ vt^mfntbm\n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xv.

t]m¿ vt^m-fn-tbm-bn¬ Dƒs∏-tS-≠-h.

]{¥≠v

So®¿ sSIvÃv 35

$ BIvSn-hn‰n temKv$ a‰v ]T-\-sØ-fn-hp-Iƒ, Nn{X-ßƒ, tiJ-c-ßƒ, cN-\-Iƒ, ]T-t\m-]-I-c-W-ßƒ,

sF.kn.Sn km[y-X-I-fn-eqsS cq]-s∏-Sp-Ønb krjvSn-Iƒ, XpS-ßn-bh$ k¿Km-flI krjvSn-Iƒ$ h¿°vjo-‰p-Iƒt]m¿ vt^mfntbm hne-bn-cp-Øen\v Xmsg sImSpØ kqN-I-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°mw.

$ Bibhy‡-X$ [mc-W-I-fpsS kzmwio-I-cWw$ A\p-tbm-Py-amb cq]-Iev]\$ ]q¿WX$ X\na (Originality)

]T\{]{In-b-bp-sSbpw t]m¿ vt^m-fn-tbm--bp-sSbpw kvtIm¿ IW-°m-°p∂ coXn

Hmtcm {]h¿Ø-\-Ønepw apI-fn¬ kqNn-∏n® kqN-Ißƒ D]tbm-Kn®v F√m Ipń-I-sfbpw hne-bn-cpØn kvtIm¿ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-W-sa-∂n-√. kqN-I-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Hcp tSanse samØw {]I-S-\-sØ-bmWv hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠-Xv. So®¿ πm\-dnse Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ, BIvSn-hn‰n temKnse tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ F∂n-hsb ASn-ÿm-\-am°n tSans‚ HSp-hn¬ Chsb t{ImUo-I-cn®v G‰hpw anI® ]¶m-fn-Ø-ap-≈-h¿,anI® ]¶m-fn-Ø-ap-≈-h¿, icm-icn ]¶m-fn-Ø-ap-≈-h¿, C\nbpw sa®-s∏-tSt-≠-h¿F∂n-ßs\ hne-bn-cpØnbmWv 4/3/2/1 kvtImdp-Iƒ \¬tI-≠-Xv. 5 kqN-I-ßfpw]cn-tim[n®v Hmtcm kqN-I-Øn\pw kvtIm¿ \¬Ip-tºmƒ ]c-am-h[n 20 kvtIm¿F∂v IW-°m-°mw.

$ bqWn‰vXe hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

Hcp bqWn-‰n¬ hnhn[ ]T-\-t\-´-ßƒ°p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ ]c-kv]-c-_-‘-tØmsSbmWv hn\y-kn-®n-cn-°p∂Xv. CXn\v Hcp ka-{K-kz- m-h-ap-≠v. Hcp bqWn-‰nse]Tn-Xm-hns‚ ]T-\sØ hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn-eqsS Cu ka-{KXmt_m[-sØ-bmWv (apgp-h≥ ]T-\--t\- -ß-sfbpw ]cn-K-Wn®v) hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xv. \ne-hn-ep≈ bqWn-‰vXe hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ coXn-Iƒ°v ]pdta hmNn-I-amb hne-bn-cp-Ø¬, Iznkv t{]m{Kmw, Hm∏¨_p°v hne-bn-cp-Ø¬, tNmZy-ßƒ Xbm-dm-°epw DØ-c-kq-NnI Is≠-Ø-epw, ]pXnbcN-\-Iƒ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ XpS-ßn-bhbpw bqWn‰v hne-bn-cp-Ø-en\v ]cn-K-Wn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. \n›nX bqWn-‰nse ]T-\-t\- -ß-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ ]Tn-Xmhv FhnsS\n¬°p∂p F∂v Xncn®dnbm≥ klm-b-I-amb td‰n-MvkvsI-bn¬, sN°v enÃv XpS-ßn-b-hbpw D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. bqWn‰v hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\--tØm-sSm∏w kzm`m-hn-I-ambn \S-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

bqWn‰v hne-bn-cp-Ø-en¬ ]cnK-Wn-°-s∏´ {]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ kqN-I-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ kvtIm¿ \¬In tSans‚ Ah-km-\-Øn¬ \n›nX t^m¿am-‰n¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. CXn-\p-]-tbm-Kn® Sqfns‚ kz`m-h-a-\p-k-cn-®p≈ kqN-I-ßƒ So®¿ Xbm-dm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Hcp tSan¬ H∂n-e-[nIw bqWn‰v hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ D≠mIpw F∂XpsIm≠v bqWn‰v hne-bn-cp-Ø-ep-I-fpsS icm-icnbmWv tSans‚ HSp-hn¬ tN¿t°-≠-Xv.

CE kvtIm¿ Is≠-Øp∂ coXn kvtIm¿ Is≠-Øp∂ coXn kvtIm¿ Is≠-Øp∂ coXn kvtIm¿ Is≠-Øp∂ coXn kvtIm¿ Is≠-Øp∂ coXn

Hmtcm hnj-b-Øn-s‚-bpw ]T\{]{In-b, t]m¿ vt^m-fn-tbm, bqWn‰vXe hne-bn-cp-Ø¬F∂nhbn¬ Hmtcm-∂n-s‚bpw ]c-am-h[n kvtIm¿ 20 Bbn-cn-°pw. Ah-bpsS icm-

ebmfw

36 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

icn IW-°m°n tSwXe tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø¬ \S-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. CXv t{ImUo-I-cn®vtcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\v Annexure-1 t^m¿am‰v D]-tbm-Kn-°mw.

tSw hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ (TE)

¢mkvdqw {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eqsS Hmtcm ]Tn-Xmhpw F{X-tØmfw ]T-\-t\- -ßƒ ssIh-cn-®p-sh∂v Hmtcm tSans‚ Ah-km-\hpw hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠Xv A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. mjhnj-b-ß-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ tSan¬ ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏´ bqWn-‰p-I-fnse ]T-\-t\- -ßƒBkv]-Z-am°n hyh-lm-c-cq-]-ßƒ, mjm-h-kvXp-X-Iƒ, mjm-ti-jn-Iƒ F∂o taJ-e-Iƒ ]cn-K-Wn-®m-hWw tSw hne-bn-cp-Ø¬. D≈-S° taJ-e-Iƒ°pw tijn-Iƒ°pwDu∂¬ \¬In-s°m≠v sshhn-[y-ap≈ tNmZy-am-Xr-I-Iƒ Dƒs∏-Sp-Ømw. a‰p hn-j-b-ßƒ°v tSan¬ ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp∂ bqWn-‰p-I-fnse D≈-S°taJ-e-Isf ASn-ÿm-\-am°nbmWv tSw hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ \S-tØ-≠Xv. ]T\t\ -ßƒ°v Du∂¬ sImSp-°p∂ Xc-Øn¬ Bi-b-ßfpw tijn-Ifpw hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn\v DX-Ip∂ tNmZy-ßƒ CXn-\mbn Xbm-dm-°mw.

Hmtcm bqWn‰v/Bi-b-ta-Jebv°pw hnhn[ Xe-Øn-ep≈ am\-kn-I-{]-{In-b-Iƒ°pw(Adnhv kzmwio-I-cn-°¬/ [mc-W t\S¬, Bi-b-ßƒ/ [mc-W-Iƒ F∂n-h-bpsS{]tbmKw, A]-{K-Y\hpw \nK-a-\-w cq-]o-I-cn°epw, hne-bn-cp-Ø¬, krjvSn-]-cX XpS-ßnb am\-kn-I-{]-{InbIƒ) icn-bmb shbn-t‰Pv \¬In-s°m≠v _vfq{]n‚ v Xbm-dm°n sshhn-[y-am¿∂ tNmZy-ßƒ Dƒs∏- n- p-s≠∂v Dd∏phcpØn thWw tNmZy-t]-∏¿ Xbm-dm-t°-≠-Xv. tNmZy-ßƒ°-\p-tbm-Py-amb kqN-I-ßƒ hnI-kn-∏n-°p-IbpwAh ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n- hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ \n¿h-ln-°pIbpw thWw.

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\Øns‚ `mK-ambn \S-°p∂ {]mIvSn-°-ep-Iƒ, AXns‚ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ F∂nh \nc-¥-c-ambn \S-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. {]mIvSn-°-ep-ambn _‘-s∏´ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ°v {]mIvSn-°¬ Ubdn D]-tbm-Kn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

{]mIvSn-°¬ D≈ hnj-b-ßsf kw_-‘n®v {]mIvSn-°¬ ]co£ c≠mw h¿jm-¥y-Øn¬ \S-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv. H∂pw c≠pw h¿j-ß-fnse {]mIvSn-°-ens‚ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø¬\S-Ønb {]mIvSn-°¬ Ub-dnbpw c≠mw h¿jm-h-km\w \S-Øp∂ {]mIvSn-°¬]co-£bpw FIvtÃ-W¬ FIvkm-an-\¿ ]cn-tim-[n®v kvtIm¿ \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv.

Btcm-Ky- Im-bnI hnZym- ymkw ˛ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ coXn

Btcm-Ky˛ImbnI -hn-Zym- ymkw Hcp ssh⁄m-\nI hnj-b-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ 2014˛15A[y-b-\-h¿jw apX¬ ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv. ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb hnIm-k-ßƒ IqSp-X¬ {]_-e-am-Ip-∂Xv Iuam-c-Im-e-L- -Øn-em-Wv.Btcm-Ky-ioeßsf kw_-‘n-®pw, ImbnI {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-tS-≠-Xns‚Bh-iy-I-Xsb kw_-‘n®pw icn-bmb [mcW t\Sm-\p≈ Ah-kcw \¬tI-≠-Xp-≠v. Btcm-Ky-Im-bn-I-hn-Zym- ymkØn¬ {]mtbm-KnI hne-bn-cp-Ø-emWv \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂-Xv.

CXp-ambn _‘-s∏´ hni-Zmw-i-ßƒ Btcm-Ky-Im-bn-I-hn-Zym-`ymkw ˛ lb¿sk°‚dn Xew tkmgvkv _p°n¬ \¬In-bn- p-≠v.

kmaq-lnI˛sshIm-cnI taJ-e-bnse hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

ssh⁄m-\nI taJ-esbt∏mse Xs∂ {][m-\-amWv kmaq-lnI -ssh-Im-cnI taJ-e-bnsebpw hne-bn-cp-Ø¬. Learning to know, Learning to do, Learning to live to-

]{¥≠v

So®¿ sSIvÃv 37

gether, Learning to be F∂nh-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ss\]p-Wn-I-fmWv ChnsS ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xv. kmaq-lnI˛sshIm-cnI taJ-e-bnse hne-bn-cp-Ø-ep-ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn NphsS sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ ss\]p-Wn-Iƒ hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-tS-≠-XmWv.

1 Bibhn\n-ab tijn(Communication skills)

2 hy‡y-¥c ss\]pWn(Interpersonal skills)

3 kl- mhw (Empathy)4 hnIm-c-ß-fp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-s∏-S¬ (Coping with emotions)5 am\-knI kΩ¿±-ß-fp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-s∏-S¬

(Coping with Stress)6 {]iv\-]-cn-l-cW tijn

(Problem solving skills)7 Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°¬

(Decision making)8 hna¿i-\m-flINn¥

(Critical thinking)9 k¿Km-flItijn

(Creative thinking skills)10 kzbm-h-t_m[w (Self-awareness)ssh⁄m-\n-I-ta-J-e-bn¬ hnhn[ hnj-b-ßƒ ssIImcyw sNøp∂ A[ym-]-I¿Xs∂ Ch-bpsS hne-bn-cp-Øepw \n¿h-ln-°-Ww. AXXv hnj-b-ß-fpsS {]{Inbmhne-bn-cp-Ø-ens‚ mK-ambn Cu hne-bn-cp-Øepw \n¿h-ln-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. ChnsS {]{In-bm-tijn hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-tXm-sSm∏w aqey-ßƒ/at\m- m-h-ßƒ F∂nh cq]-s∏-Sp-∂-Xpambn _‘-s∏´ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬IqSn \S-°-Ww.

kmaq-lnI˛sshIm-cnI taJe-bnse ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ anI-hns\ kw_-‘n-°p∂ KpW]-c-amb C\-ßƒ Is≠Øn tcJ-s∏-Sp-ØpIbmWv th-≠-Xv. Hmtcm ]Tn-Xm-hn-s‚bpwKpW]c-amb ss\]p-Wn-Iƒ t{]m’m-ln∏n°s∏-tS-≠Xp≠v. Cu anI-hp-Iƒ So®¿πm\-dn-epw, t{ImUo-I-cn® hnhcw A\p-_‘w 2 epw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

Iem-]-chpw kmaq-ln-Ihpw kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw sXmgn¬]-c-hp-amb anI-hp-Iƒ

lb¿sk-°‚dn Xe-Ønse ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ k¿h-tXm-ap-J-amb hnI-k\w Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn ]T-\-tØm-sSm∏w Xs∂ Bkzm-Z-\-ti-jn-I-fpw, k¿Km-fl-I-am-bn- p≈ Ign-hp-Ifpw Iem-hm-k-\-Ifpw kmaq-lnI kmwkvIm-cnI tkh\ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ at\m- m-hhpw cq]-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. amk-Øn-sem-cn-°-se-¶nepwC{]-Im-c-ap≈ ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°m-\p≈ Ah-kcw e`n-°-Ww. CXn-\mbnlb¿sk-°‚dn Xe-Øn¬ Iem-thZn, Icn-b¿ ssKU≥kv, kaq-l-_‘nX {]-h¿Ø\w, \mj-W¬ k¿hokv kvIow, F≥.-kn.-kn., hnhn[ ¢∫p-Iƒ XpS-ßnb{]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.

lb¿sk-°‚dn Xe-Øn¬ ]Tn-°p∂ F√m-Ip- n-Ifpw GsX-¶nepw -{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn¬]¶m-fn-I-fm-I-Ww. ]¶m-fn-ØsØ kw_-‘n® ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ anI-hn\v {]tXyIw

ebmfw

38 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

t{KUv k¿ń- n-°‰v \¬Imhp-∂-Xm-Wv.

G‰hpw anI® {]h¿Ø-\-Øn\v ˛ A t{KUvanI® {]h¿Ø-\-Øn\v - B t{KUv{]h¿Ø\w Xr]vXn-Icw - C t{KUv]¶m-fnØw am{Xw ˛ D t{KUv

hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ hm¿jnIt{ImUo-I-cWw

tSan-\¬ Bbn e`n-°p∂ kn.C. kvtImdp-Iƒ ]cn-K-Wn-°p-tºmƒ 3 tSan-ep-ambn]Tn-Xm-hn\v e`n® G‰hpw anI® kvtIm¿ BWv kn.C. bpsS hm¿jn-I-am-bp≈Hmh-dmƒ kvtIm¿. CXv A\p-_‘w˛2 ¬ t^m¿am-‰n¬ ss^\¬ kvtIm¿ F∂tImf-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp∂XmWv. Hmtcm hnj-bsØ kw_-‘n-®p-ap≈ ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ A¥n-a-amb CE kvtIm¿ BWv CXv. C\n Hmtcm hnj-b-Øn-t‚bpw tS¿an-\¬ kvtImdp-Iƒ (TE) Is≠-Øp-Ibpw XpS¿∂v CE, TE F∂n-h-bpsS BsIkvtIm¿ ImWp-I. CXmWv Hcp hnj-b-Ønse ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ BsI kvtIm¿. {]mIvSn-°¬ D≈ hnj-b-ßsf kw_-‘n®v B kvtImdp-IqSn ]cn-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠mWv BsIkvtIm¿ IW-°m-°p-∂-Xv.

lb¿ sk-°‚-dn-bn¬ sS¿an-\¬ ]co£ F∂Xv s]mXp-]-co£ Bb-Xp-sIm≠vTE bnse Fgp-Øp-]-co-£, {]mIvSn-°¬ F∂n-h-bpsS ss^\¬ kvtImdp-Iƒ s]mXp-]-co-£-bpsS kvtIm¿ Xs∂-bm-bn-cn-°pw.

kmaq-lnI˛sshIm-cnI taJ-e-bnse ss\]p-Wn-I-fn¬ Hmtcm ]Tn-Xm-hns\ kw_-‘n®pw anI®h AXn-\mbp≈ tImf-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠XmWv. anIhv Xosc{]Z¿in-∏n-°mØ ss\]p-Wn-Iƒ anIhv ssIh-cn-®n- n√ F∂ coXn-bn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xn-√.

t{KUnMv coXn

lb¿sk-°‚dn Xe-Øn¬ ssh⁄m-\nI hnj-b-ß-fpsS hne-bn-cp-Ø-en-\mbnt{KUnMv coXn-bmWv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. CXn-\mbn 9 t]mbn‚ v A_vskm-eyq vt{KUnMv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

NphsS sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ ]ńI CXn-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

kvtIm¿ iX-am\w t{KUv

90 - 100 A+80 - 89 A70 - 79 B+60 - 69 B50 - 59 C+40 - 49 C30 - 39 D+20 - 29 D

Below 20 E]Tn-Xmhv D]-cn-]-T-\-Øn\v tbmKyX t\S-W-sa-¶n¬ lb¿sk-°‚dn Xe-ØnseHmtcm hnj-b-Øn\pw CE + TE (s]mXp-]-co-£) ]cn-K-Wn-°p-tºmƒ an\naw D+t{KUv (30˛39 iX-am-\w) F¶nepw t\Sn-bn-cn-°-Ww. CtXm-sSm∏w s]mXp-]-co£ (TE)bv°v {]tXy-I-ambn an\naw D+ t\Sp-Ibpw thWw.

]{¥≠v

So®¿ sSIvÃv 39

C{]-Imcw ssh⁄m-\nI Xe-Øn-sebpw kmaq-ln-I -ssh-Im-cnI Xe-Øn-sebpw]Tn-Xm-hns‚ anI-hp-Iƒ hne-bn-cpØn ]T-\-t\- -ßƒ Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°m≥ km[n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Cu hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ \nc-¥-c-ambpw ka-{K-X-tbm-sSbpw \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ Iq´mb {ia-ßƒ AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv. Ah km[y-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ¢Ã¿Xe IqSn-t®-cep-I-fn-eqsS hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ IqSp-X¬ kºp-jvS-am-°m≥ km[n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

hne-bn-cp-Ø-en-\p≈ t^m¿am-‰p-Iƒ A\p-_-‘-ambn \¬Ip-∂p.

hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ H‰-t\m- -Øn¬...

hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

kao-]\w : ]T-\-t\- -ßƒ°v Du∂¬ \¬Ip∂ kao-]\w

\nc-¥-chpw ka-{K-hp-amb hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ (CCE)

ssh⁄m-\n-I-ta-Je kmaq-lnI˛sshIm-cnI taJe

1 Bibhn\n-abtijn(Communication skills)

2 hy‡y-¥c ss\]pWn(Interpersonal skills)

3 kl- mhw (Empathy)4 hnIm-c-ß-fp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-

s∏-S¬ (Coping with emotions)5 am\-knIkΩ¿±-ß-fp-ambn

s]mcp-Ø-s∏-S¬(Coping with Stress)

6 {]iv\-]-cn-l-cW tijn(Problem solving skills)

7 Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°¬(Decision making)

8 hna¿i-\m-flINn¥ (Criticalthinking)

9 k¿Km-flItijn(Creative thinking skills)

10 kzbm-h-t_m[w(Self-awareness)

\nc-¥c hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ tSw hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

$ ]T\{]{In-bhne-bn-cp-Ø¬

$ t]m¿´vt^m-fntbmhne-bn-cp-Ø¬

$ bqWn-‰vXehne-bn-cp-Ø¬

$ Bi-b-ßƒ,{]{In-b-Iƒ,]T-\-t\-´-ßƒapX-em-b-h°vDu∂¬ \¬Ip-∂-Xv.

Xnbdn {]mIvSn-°¬

ebmfw

40 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

CE, TE F∂nh Hmtcm tSanepw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈

hnj-b-_-‘nX t{ImUo-I-cW t^m¿am‰vtSw : 1/2/3

hnjbw : ................................................................ ¢mkv ........................................Unhn-j≥ ...........

\º¿ hnZym¿Yn-bpsS t]cv CE C\-ßƒ

{]{I

nb

t]m¿

vt^

mfntb

m

bqW

n‰v

hne

-b

ncpØ

¬

BsI

CE

kvtI

m¿

TEk

vtIm¿

BsI

t{K

Uv

Annexure 1

]{¥≠v

So®¿ sSIvÃv 41

ebmfw

42 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

amXr`mjm-]-T\ kao-]\w

Bi-b-hn-\n-a-tbm-]m[n F∂-Xn-\-∏pdw mj Hcp P\-X-bpsS kzXz-t_m-[-Øn-s‚bpwkwkvIm-c-Øn-s‚bpw {]Xn- -e\w IqSnbm-Wv. kmaq-lnI Pohn-X-Øns‚ CS-s]S¬Xe-ßƒ Xncn-®-dn-bm\pw temI-Øns‚ KXn-hn-K-Xn-Iƒ Adn-bm\pw a\p--jys\ {]m]vX-\m-°p-∂-Xv mj-bm-Wv. kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ hnIm-k-£-a-Xbv°pw \ho-I-c-W-Øn\pw`mj i‡-amb D]m-[n-bm-Wv. mj, sXmgn-e-h-k-c-ßfpw krjvSn-°p-∂p-≠v. Chsbê-{]-Z-ambn {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ mjm-]-c-amb ss\]p-Wnbpw Xncn-®dnhpwB¿÷n-t°≠XmWv.

P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn¬ AXn-Po-h-\-Øn\v A\p-Kp-W-amw-hn[w mjsb iIvXn-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. hy‡n-Ifpw hy‡n-Ifpw XΩnepw hy‡n-Ifpw kaq-lhpw XΩn-ep≈kwL¿j-Øns‚ {][m-\-Im-cWw icn-bmb Bib hn\n-a-b-Øns‚ A`m-h-am-Wv.hy‡n-bp-sSbpw kaq-l-Øn-s‚bpw kzX-{¥-amb Bhn-jvIm-I-c-Øn\pw k¿-Km-flI{]I-S-\-ßƒ°pw mj Ah-k-c-sam-cp-°-Ww. kz¥-amb Hcp Pohn-X-ho-£Ww cq]o-I-cn-°m≥ CXm-h-iy-am-Wv. mj kzbw Hcp ⁄m\-ta-J-ebpw CXc ⁄m\-ta-J-e-I-fp-sSbpw kwkvIm-c-Øn-s‚bpw hn\n-ab am[y-a-hp-am-Wv. Pohn-X-Øns‚ {]mY-an-Im-h-iy-\n¿h-lWw sXm v kuμ-cym-kzm-Z-\-Øn-s‚bpw Bhn-jv-Im-c-Øn-s‚bpw Xe-ßƒ hsc mj-bpsS ]cn-K-W-\-I-fm-Wv.

B[p-\nI `mjm-im-kv{Xhpw a\ximkv{Xhpw _lp- m-jm--]-T-\-Øns‚ {]m[m\ywhy‡-am-°p-∂p-≠v. bp‡n-Nn-¥, _u≤nIhnIm-kw, kmaq-lnI {]Xn-_-≤-X, Pohn-X-aq-ey-ßƒ F∂nh hf¿Øp-∂-Xn¬ mjm-]-T-\-Øns‚ ]¶v \n¿Wm-b-I-am-Wv. {Xn`m-jm-\-bw G‰hpw ê-{]-Z-ambn \S-∏m°nb C¥y≥ kwÿm\w tIc-f-am-Wv. amXr-`m-j, Cw•o-jv, lnμn F∂n-hbv°v ]pdsa Ad-_n, kwkvIr-Xw, DdpZp XpS-ßnb`mj-Iƒ ss{]a-dn-Xew apX¬ ]Tn-°m≥ tIc-f-Øn¬ Ah-k-c-ap-≠v. F∂m¬ tIc-f-Øns‚ _lp-kz-c-amb kmaq-lnI ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ s]mXp-hmb Hcp mjm-]-T\kao-]\w cq]o-I-cn-°p-tºmƒ ]e k¶o¿Æ-X-Ifpw \mw t\cn-tS-≠n-h-cp-∂p-≠v. amXr-`mj ae-bm-f-sa∂p ]d-bp-tºmgpw tIc-fo-b-cn¬ Hcp \yq\-]-£-sa-¶nepw CX-c- m-j-Iƒ amXr- m-j-bm-bp-≈-h-cm-Wv. F√m Ipń-Iƒ°pw c≠mw mj F∂ \ne-bn¬Cw•ojv ]Tn-°m≥ Ah-k-c-ap≠v. H∂mw ¢mkp-sXm v amXr- m-j-tbm-sSm∏w Ad-_n`mj ]Tn-°p∂ Ipń-I-fp≠v. A©mw ¢mkp apX¬ lnμn \n¿_-‘nX mj-bm-Wv.Xev]-c-cmb hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v Cu L´w sXm v kwkvIr-Xw, Ad-_n, D¿Zp F∂o`mj-I-fn-te-sX-¶n-ep-sam∂v ]Tn-°m-\p≈ Ah-k-c-hp-sam-cp-°n-bn-´p-≠v. Ad-_n,kwkvIrXw F∂o mj-Iƒ amXr- m-j-bv°p-]-Icw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ Hmdn-b-‚¬ kvIqfp-I-fn¬ ae-bm-f-]-T\w \n¿_-‘n-X-am-°m-\p≈ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ ASp-Ø-Im-eØv kzoI-cn-®n- p-≠v.

amXr- m-jm-hn-Zym¿Yn-Ifpw CX-c- m-jm-hn-Zym¿Yn-Ifpw Htc \ne-hm-c-Øn¬ \n∂√`mjm-]-T\w Bcw- n-°p-∂Xv. amXr- m-jm-hn-Zym¿∞n-Iƒ mj-bp-am-bmWv ¢mkp-ap-dn-bn-se-Øp-∂-Xv. kmaq-ln-I-Np-‰p-]m-Sp-I-fn¬ \n∂v mjm-k-am¿P\w \S-Øn-b-h-cm-W-h¿. ¢mkp-ap-dn-bn-se-Øp∂ Ah-cpsS ASpØ e£yw hmb-\bpw FgpØpw ]Tn-°p-I-sb-∂-Xm-Wv. CX-c- m-jm-hn-Zym¿∞n-Iƒ°m-hs´, B mj A]-cn-Nn-Xam-Wv.

]{¥≠v

So®¿ sSIvÃv 43

`mjm-]-T\w: Nne sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ

hnZym¿Yn-I-fnse ss\k¿Kn-I-amb Ign-hp-I-fpsS hnIm-k-Øn\pw kzX-{¥-hmb--\bv°pw t{]cn-∏n-°p∂ hn[w `mjm-]-T\w Icp-Øp-‰-Xm-°m≥ ]mTy-]-≤-Xn°v Ign-™n- p≠v. F∂m¬ `mjm-]-T\w ]e sh√p-hn-fn-Ifpw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-∂p-. `mjm-k-a-{KXm Z¿i\-Øn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb mjm-]m-Ty-]-≤Xn ssk≤m-¥nI Xe-Øn¬ \ho-\amb ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ apt∂m v hs®-¶nepw {]mtbm-KnI Xe-Øn¬ th≠{X ewsNbvXn- n-√. hn\n-abw sNøp-∂n-S-ØmWv {][m-\-ambpw hogvN-bp-≠m-b-Xv.

$ `mj-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-tijn hnI-k-\-Øn¬ tNm¿® h∂n- p-≠.v

$ A¿∞ ]q¿W-amb mjm-\n¿an-Xn-bn-te°v \bn-°p∂ hn[-Øn¬ ]T\w apt∂-dp-∂n-√.

$ F√m ]Tn-Xm-°-sfbpw hmb-\-bp-sSbpw Fgp-Øn-s‚bpw taJ-e-I-fn¬ \n›nX\ne-hm-c-Øn¬ FØn-°m≥ Ign-™n- n-√.

$ `mjm-{]-tbm-K-ß-fnse sshI-ey-ßƒ hym]-I-amb Bt£-]-Øn\v hgnsXfn®p

$ \S-]-Sn-{I-a-ß-fpsS hnc-k-amb Bh¿Ø\w `mjm-]-T\w bm{¥n-Ihpw aSp-∏p-≈-Xpam°n am‰p∂p.

$ hyh-lm-c-ßƒ°p \¬Ip∂ Aan-X-{]m-[m\yw mjm-]-T-\-{]-{In-b-bn¬ AhiywDd∏p hcp-tØ≠ ]e ASn-ÿm\ tijn-Iƒ°pw Adn-hn\pw {]m[m\yw \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øn.

$ A£cw Dd-bv°m-ØXpw mjmkuμ-cyhpw hymI-c-W-ip-≤nbpw timjn-®Xpwhna¿i-\-hn-t[-b-am-bn- p-≠v. Htc hyh-lm-c-cq-]-ßƒ F√m ¢mkp-I-fnepw Hcpt]mse Bh¿Øn°-s∏- Xpw hna¿i\ hnt[-b-am-bn- p-≠v. ]Ømw-¢mkv ]T\w]q¿Øn-bm-bn´pw [mcmfw hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v amXr- m-j-t]mepw sX‰msX Fgp-Xm\pw hmbn-°m\pw Adn-bmØXv s]mXp-k-aqlØns‚ DXvIWvT h¿[n-∏n-®n- p-≠v.

Cu {]iv\ßsf adn--I-S-°m≥ `mjm-]-T-\-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ Icp-X-ep-Iƒ Bh-iy-ap-≠v. Bi-bm-[n-jvTnX coXn \ne-\n¿Øn-s°m-≠p-Xs∂ `mjm-ti-jn-Ifpw Adn-hp-Ifpw Dd-∏p-h-cpØp∂ Xc-Øn¬ ]T\w {Iao-I-cn-°-Ww. Hmtcm L -Ønepw CXv Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-Ibpw thWw. {]mY-anI L -Ønse hmb-\-bn-sebpw Fgp-Øn-sebpw{]iv\-ßƒ temI-hym-]-I-ambn A°m-Z-anI kaqlw N¿® sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. mjm-k-a-{K-Xm-Z¿i\w ]n¥p-S-cp∂ C-Xc cmPy-ß-fnepw ]Zw, A£-cw, hmIy-L-S-\ F∂nh Dd∏p hcp-Øp∂ X{¥-ßƒ e-{]-Z-ambn \S-∏n-em°n hcp-∂-XmbnImWmw. `mj-bnse ASn-ÿm\ tijn-Iƒ hnI-kn-∏n-°p∂ Imcy-Øn¬ bm{¥n-I-amb Bh¿Ø-\-ßƒ A`n-Im-ay-a-√. ASn-ÿm-\-ti-jn-I-fn-ep≈ sshIeyw Ipń-I-fpsS Bfl-hn-izmkw \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw ]T-\-Øn¬ hnap-JX krjvSn-°p-IbpwsNøp-∂p. Cu sh√p-hn-fn-Isf A`n-kw-t_m-[\w sNøp∂ ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bn¬ Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ Imcy-ßƒ ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

$ hnhn[ tijn-Iƒ Hmtcm L -Ønepw IpńIƒ t\Sp-∂p-sh∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-Ø-Ww.

$ Hgp-t°msS ]d-bm\pw tI´p-{K-ln-°m\pw hmbn®p a\- n-em-°m\pw Bh-iy-amb A\p- -h-ßƒ Dd-∏p-h-cp-ØWw.

ebmfw

44 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

$ Hmtcm L -Ønepw Ah-iyw-th≠ mjm-L-S-\-Ifpw ]Z-k-ºØpw A¿ln-°m≥Ah-kcw \¬IWw.

$ Db¿∂ Nn¥, hni-I-e-\-ti-jn, {Inbm-flI Nn¥, Bhn-jvI-c-W-tijn XpS-ßnbh Hmtcm L -Ønepw Dd∏phcp-Ø-Ww.

$ `mj-bn-eqsS {]Xn- -en-°p∂ kwkvImcw Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Ah-kcw e`n-°Ww

$ Hmtcm L -Øn\pw DNn-X-amb hyXykvX kmlnXyamXr-I-Ifpw `mjmhyh-lmc amXr-I-Ifpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm\pw BkzZn-°m\pw khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn™v cN-\-I-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sm\pw Ah-kcw \¬I-Ww.

`mjm-]-T\w : s]mXp-hmb e£y-ßƒ

1. tIhew Bi-b-hn-\n-a-tbm-]m[n F∂-Xn-\-∏pdw kmwkvIm-cnI hn\n-a-tbm-]m[n,Nn¥-bpsS am[yaw F∂o \neIfn¬ `mj-bpsS km[y-X-Iƒ ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂-Xm-h-Ww.

2. tZi-Øns‚ kwkvIm-cw, ]mc-ºcyw F∂nh Dƒs°m-≈m\pw hni-I-e\w sNøm-\p-ap≈ at\m- mhw hf¿Øm-\p-X-Ip-∂Xm-h-Ww.

3. am\I- mj ]cn-io-en--°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w tZi-t -Z-ßƒ Dƒs°m-≈m≥ Ah-kcw\¬Ip-∂-Xm-hWw.

4. kzXz-t_m[w hf¿Øm≥ Ah-kcw \¬Ip-∂-Xm-hWw.

5. `mjm-ssh-hn-[y-ßsf am\n-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w Ah-bpsS hc-ºp-Iƒ adn-I-S∂v`mjm-k-aq-l-ßƒ ]c-kv]cw _‘-s∏-Sm-\p≈ kml-N-cy-sam-cp-°p-∂-Xm-h-Ww.

6. k¿Km-fl-I-X-bp-sSbpw sshIm-cn-I- m-h-ß-fp-tSbpw Bhn-jvIm-tcm-]m[n F∂\ne-bn¬IqSn mjsb ]cn-K-Wn-°-Ww.

7. hyXykvX Pohn-Xm-h-ÿ-Iƒ hni-I-e\w sNøm\pw AXn-eqsS hyXykvXkwkvIm-cßƒ Dƒs°m-≈m\pw hnim-e-amb am\-hn-I-Xm-t_m[w hnI-kn-∏n-°m\pw mjm-]-T-\-Øn-eqsS Ign-b-Ww.

8. ]mcn-ÿn-XnI-t_m-[w, P\m-[n-]-Xy-t_m-[w, enwK-\o-Xn, {]m¥-h-¬°-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ kaq-l-hn- m-K-ß-tfm-Sp≈ A\p- mhw XpS-ßnb aqey-ßƒ ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-hWw.

9. bp‡n-Nn-¥, hna¿i-\-Nn¥ XpS-ßnbh hf¿Øm-\p-X-Ip-∂-Xm-hWw.

10. `mjm-]-T-\-ssh-I-ey-ßƒ D≈ Ipń-Iƒ°v XpS¿∂p≈ hf¿®bpw hnIm-khpw]q¿Wam-Ip-sa∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm≥ ]mI-Øn-ep≈ am\-Io-Ir-X-amb BwKy-ßƒ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

11. hyXy-kvX-tijnIƒ (Differently abled) D≈ ]Tn-Xm-°fpsS `mjm-hn-I-k\Øn\v klm-b-I-am-Ip∂ Xc-Øn¬ {]tXyIw cq]-I-ev]\ sNbvX kma-{Kn-Iƒ \¬Ip∂Xm-I-Ww.

12. Krl- m-jm-km-[y-X-Iƒ ]cn-KWn-°Ww.

e£y-ßƒ

1. hyXykvX kmlnXyimJ-I-fnse aqe-{K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈ mK-ßfpw auenIcN-\-Ifpw _u≤nIXe-Øn¬ hna¿i-\m-flI hnNn-¥-\-Øn\v hnt[-b-am°nBkzm-Z-\-ti-jnbpw \ncq-]W_p≤nbpw t]mjn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\v.

]{¥≠v

So®¿ sSIvÃv 45

2. temtIm-Øc \ne-hm -c -Øn-ep≈ kmln-Xy -c -N-\-I-fnse kuμ-cy -imkv{Xmht_m[w a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn-\v.

3. `mjm-im-kv{X-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\ [mc-W-Iƒ Dd-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw \qX-\-{]-h-W-X-I-fn¬ kmam-\y-[m-cW cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\pw.

4. temI-¢m-kn-°p-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm\pw \ncq-]W _p≤ym ]T-\- -K-th-j-W-ßƒ\S-Øp-∂-Xn-\pap≈ tijn t\Sp-∂-Xn-\pw.

5. kmln-Xy-c-N-\-bpsS hyXykvX L -ß-fn¬ Bh-iy-amb cN-\m-X-{¥-ßƒ kzmb-Ø-am-°p∂-Xn\pw DNn-X-k-μ¿ -Øn¬ {]tbm-Kn-°m-\p≈ Ignhv t\Sp-∂-Xn-\v.

6. kmlnXyZ¿i-\-ß-fnepw XØz-ß-fnepw kmam-\y-ambn ]cn-Nbw t\Sp-∂-Xn\pw.

7. B[n-Im-cnI {KŸ-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw C‚¿s\-‰n¬ \n∂pw hnh-c- -hn- -h-k-am-l-c-W-Øn\pw kz¥w Bhn-jvIm-c-ßƒ \S-Øp-∂-Xn-\pap≈ mjm-tijn B¿÷n-°p-∂-Xn-\pw.

8. Zriy- -{imhy A®-Sn-am-[y-a-ßƒ, Ne-®n-{Xw, Sqdn-kw- -B-Xn-tYb tkh\ taJ-e-Iƒ, {KŸ-c-N-\, hnh¿Ø-\w, ]c-ky-Ie, Iem-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ, a‰p hmWn-Py-hn-\n-ab taJ-e-I-ƒ F∂n-h-bv°v Bh-iy-amb mjm-{]m-hnWyw B¿Pn-°p-∂-Xn-\v.

amXr- m-jm-]-T\w

khn-ti-j-km-l-Ncyw

tIc-f-Ønse F√m hnZym¿Yn-Ifpw ae-bmfw ]Tn-t°≠-Xp-≠v. ae-bm-f-]m-T-]p-kvX-I-Øns‚ k¶ev]w cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ {][m-\-ambpw ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-tS-≠Xv c≠vhkvXp-X-IfmWv.

1. hnZym¿Yn-bpsS ssZ\w-Zn\ hyh-lm-c-Øn\v Bh-iy-amb ASn-ÿm\ ss\]p-Wn-Iƒ B¿Pn-°pI.

2. X\-Xp-tZ-i-Øns‚ kmwkvIm-cnI `mh-ßƒ kzmwio-I-cn-°m≥ Ah-k-c-sam-cp-°p-I.

`mjm¿P-\-Øns‚ BZy-L- -Øn¬ Ipń-bn¬ {]_-e-ambn cq]-s∏-Sp∂ `mj-bmWvamXr- mj. Ipń-bpsS hnNm-c-hn-Im-c-ßfpw {]Xn-I-c-W-ßfpw {]Xn- -en-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ DNn-X-amb am[y-a-amWv CXv. AXn-\m¬ kvIqƒ hnZym- ymkØn¬ amXr- m-j-bpsS ÿm\w hfsc hep-Xm-Wv. kvIqƒ hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ hnhn-[-L- -ß-fn¬ amXr-`m-jbv°v hyXykvX [¿aßƒ A\p-jvTn-°m≥ Ign-bpw. ⁄m\-\n¿an-Xn°p amXr-`m-j-bmWv G‰hpw tbmPn-®Xv.

ss{]a-dn-L -Ønse `mjm-]-T\w IpńbpsS A\p- -h-ß-fn-eq-∂n-s°m-≠m-bn-cn-°pw.Np‰p-]m-Sp-I-tfmSv {]Xn-I-cn®pw Ahsb mh-\m-]q¿Wambn hymJym-\n®pw Ipń mjD¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂p. ]cn-Nn-X-amb hyh-lmc kμ¿ -ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sm-\p-≈ Ah-k-c-am-Wv `mjm-]-T-\-Øns‚ `mK-ambn ChnsS Hcp-°p-∂-Xv. `mj-tbm-Sp≈ aa-Xbpwkvt\lhpw h¿[n-∏n-°m≥ DX-Ip∂ ]T-\m-¥-co£w Xs∂-bmWv {]mY-anIL´wapX¬ Hcp-t°-≠-Xv.

A©p- ap-X¬ ]Øp-hsc ¢mkp-I-fn¬ {Xn`m-jm-]-≤XnbmWv s]mXpsh \n¿tZ-in-°-s∏- n- p-≈Xv. F∂m¬ tIc-f-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-km-l-N-cy-Øn¬ \mep- m-j-Iƒ]Tn-°m≥ Ah-kcw e`n-°p-∂p-≠v. amXr- m-j, Cw•o-jv, lnμn F∂n-hbv°p ]pdta

ebmfw

46 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

Ad-_n, kwkvIr-Xw, D¿Zp F∂n-h-bn¬ H∂pw ]Tn-°m≥ Ah-k-c-ap-≠v. CXc mj-Iƒ ]Tn-°p-∂-h¿°v amXr- m-j-bn¬ {]mhoWyw t\Sm-\p≈ Ah-k-c-ßƒ Dd-∏p-h-cp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.

lb¿sk-°≥Udn Xe-Øn¬ `mj-Iƒ°p IqSp-X¬ Hm]vj-W¬ tImºn-t\-j-\p-Iƒ cq]-I-ev]-\-sN-tø-≠-Xm-Wv. Ie, kwkvIm-cw, kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy, hmWn-Py-imkv{Xw F∂n-h-bp-ambn _‘n-∏n®v hnhn[`mj-Iƒ ]Tn-°m≥ ChnsS Ah-kcw\¬Imw. sXmgn¬cwKØp anIhp ]pe¿Øm≥ Ign-bp∂ hn[-Øn¬ ]T-\-{IawNn -s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. AXXp taJ-e-I-fn¬ t\cn v CS-s]- p-sIm≠v `mj-bpsSkm[y-X-Iƒ At\z-jn-°m≥ t{]cn-∏n°pw hn[-amWv CXp {Iao-I-cn-t°-≠-Xv. mjm-im-kv{X-Øns‚ km[y-X-Iƒ, hnti-jn®v {]mtbm-KnI mjm-imkv{X-Øns‚ km[y-X Iƒ ChnsS {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. Bbp¿thZw XpS-ßnb {]mtbm-KnIhnj-b-ßƒ mjm-]-T-\-hp-ambn DZv{K-Yn®p ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xp KpW-I-c-am-bn-cn-°pw.

CX-c- m-j-Iƒ°v khn-ti-j-\n-e-]m-Sp-Iƒ

khn-ti-j-amb Hcp `mjm-L-S-I-tØm--Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv Hmtcm Ipńbpw P\n-°p-∂-Xv.At\Iw `mj-Iƒ kzmb-Ø-am-°m-\p≈ Ipń-bpsS Ign-hns\ B[p-\nI `mjm-im-kv{X-⁄--sc√mw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p. Cßs\ mj-Iƒ kzmb-Ø-am-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS CXckwkvIm-c-ß-sfbpw ss]Xr-I-ß-sfbpw Dƒs°m≈m\pw am\-hn-I-Z¿i\w krjvSn-°m\pw \ap°v Ign-bp-∂p.

CX-c- m-j-I-fpsS ]T\w khn-ti-j-amb Nne {]iv\-ßsf A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-∂p-≠v.amXr- m-jm-hn-Zym¿∞n-bp-tS-Xp-t]mse hnim-e-amb Hcp `mjm-]-cn-kcw CX-c- mjmhnZym¿∞n°p e`n-°p-∂n-√. CXc mjm-hn-Zym¿Yn-bpsS mjm]cn-kcw Ahs‚ ¢mkp-ap-dn-am-{X-am-Wv. AXp-sIm≠pXs∂ kzm`m-hn-I-amb mjm-\p- -h-ßƒ e`n-°p-hm-\p≈Ah-k-c-ßƒ A]-cym-]vX-am-Wv. ]cn-anXX-amb mjm-]-cn-k-cØp \n∂p e`n-°p∂A\p- -h-ß-fn-eq-sS-bp≈ mjm-]-T\w Iptd-°qSn Bbmkw \nd-™Xpw aμ-K-Xn-bn-ep-≈-Xp-am-hpw.

CX-c- m-j-I-fpsS ]mT-]p-kvX-I-ßƒ IqSp-X¬ mjm-\p- -h-ßƒ°v Ah-kcw \¬Ip-∂-Xm-h-Ww. sshhn-[y-am¿∂ mjm-am-Xr-I-Ifpw kmln-Xy-cq-]-ßfpw ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øn-ep-≠m-h-Ww. Ipń-Iƒ°v e`n-°p∂ ]T-\-\m-\p- -h-ßƒ IrXy-X-bm¿∂Xpw anI-hm¿∂-Xp-am-h-Ww. hyh-lm-c-cq]Øns‚ hyXy-kvX-am-Xr-I-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm\pw ]cn-io-en-°m-\p-ap≈ Ah-k-c-ßƒ [mcm-f-ap-≠m-h-Ww. Ipń-Iƒ°v `mj tIƒ°m\pwBfl-hn-izm-k-tØmsS kwkm-cn-°m-\p-ap≈ Ah-k-c-ßƒ Hcp-°-Ww. mj-bpsS LS-\m-]-c-amb khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw Be-¶m-cnI ssien-Ifpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v.anI® mjm-\p- -h-ßƒ Hcp-°m≥ sF.kn.Sn. km[y-X-Iƒ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ e£y-ß-fnsem∂mb sXmgn¬ kºm-Z\w CX-c- m-j-Iƒ kzmb-Ø-am-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS IqSp-X¬ Icp-Øm¿Pn-°p-∂p. am[y-aw, Ne®n-{Xw, Sqdn-kw, ]c-ky-I-e, {KŸ-c-N-\, hnh¿Ø\w, ]ªnIv dnte-j≥kv, a‰p hmWnPy taJ-e-IƒF∂n-ßs\ \m\m-Xp-d-I-fnse sXmgn¬ km[y-X-Iƒ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ coXn-bn-em-bn-cn-°Ww CX-c- mjm ]T\kao]-\w.

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1.1 amXr`mj-bn-sebpw CXc- m-j-I-fn-sebpw \mgn-I-°-√p-I-fmb IrXn-Ifnse Bi-b-ßƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏ v DNn-X-amb hyh-lm-c-cq-]-ß-fn¬ Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂p.

1.2 hnh¿Ø-\-Øns‚ {]m[m\yw Xncn-®dn™v \n¿Zn-jvS-cN\Iƒ hnh¿Ø\wsNøm\p≈ tijn t\Sp∂p.

1.3 hnh¿Øn-X-Ir-Xn-I-fnse kmaq-ln-Im-¥-co-£w, IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS am\-knI`mh-ßƒ F∂nh hni-I-e\w sNbvXv Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

1.4 amXr- m-j-tbmSpw kwkvIm-c-tØmSpw aXn∏pw aa-Xbpw {]Xn- -en-∏n°p∂cN\Ifnte¿s∏-Sp∂p.

1.5 Ihn-X-I-fnse Ah-X-c-W-km-[y-X-Iƒ Is≠Øn DNn-X-ambn {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

1.6 Ihn-X-Ifnse kmaq-lnI˛ kmwkvIm-cnIXe-ßƒ hni-I-e\w sNbvXv kzX{¥\nco-£-W-ßƒ IqSn Dƒs∏-SpØn \ncq-]-W-ßƒ, Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn∏pIƒ F∂nhXbm-dm-°p-∂p.

1.7 Ihn-X-Ifnse n∂-ß-fmb cN-\m-co-Xn-Iƒ A]-{K-Yn®v Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

1.8 IYm-c-N-\mkt¶-X-ßƒ a\- n-em°n ]T-\-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

1.9 F√m ssh⁄m-\nItaJ-e-Ifpw Dƒs°m-≈m≥ ae-bm-fØn\p Ignbpw F∂[mcW cq]o-I-cn®v skan-\m¿{]-_‘w/{]`m-jWw Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

1.10 `mjm-]-Z-ß-fnse hymI-c-W-k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn™v kam-\-]-Z-ßƒIs≠Øn ]ń-I-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

1.11 Nn{X-ß-fnse Bi-b-ßƒ A]-{K-Yn®v Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

1.12 sNm√¬ km[y-X-I-fp≈ Ihn-X-Iƒ Is≠Øn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

1.13 kmln-Xy-c-N-\-I-fnse {]mtZ-in-I- mjm {]tbm-K-ßƒ A]-{K-Yn®v Ipdn-∏p-IƒXbm-dm-°p-∂p.

bqWn‰v 2 X\-XnSw

2.1 ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS kwkvIm-c-cq-]o-I-c-W-Øn¬ \n¿Wm-bI ]¶phln® Iem-am-Xr-I-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ hni-I-e\w sNbvXv DNn-X-amb hyh-lmccq]-ß-fn¬ Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂p.

2.2 B´-°-Y, \mSIw F∂o cwK-I-e-I-fnse kmlnXy]mT-ß-fn¬\n∂v A`n-\bkm[y-X-Iƒ Is≠Øn hn`n∂ coXn-I-fn¬ AhX-cn-∏n°p-∂p.

2.3 kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-Ifnse Zriy˛kwKoXkm[y-X-Iƒ Is≠Øn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

2.4 Imhy`mjmkhn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn™v Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

2.5 \mS-I-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ A]-{K-Yn®v \ncq-]Ww Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

2.6 Iem-cw-KØv hy‡n-ap{Z ]Xn-∏n-®-h-cp-ambn A`n-apJw \SØn dnt∏m¿ v Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

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2.7 h¿W-hn-Im-c-ßƒ A]-{K-Yn®v ]Z-ßsf ]ń-I-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

2.8 Iem- -kmw-kvIm-cnI ka-\z-b-Øn-eqsS atX-X-c-Xzw, am\-hn-IX F∂o aqey-ßƒ i‡n-s∏-Sp-sa∂v Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.

bqWn‰v 3 Z¿∏Ww

3.1 kmlnXyIrXn-I-fnse lmkymw-i-ßƒ Is≠Øn Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

3.2 Ihn-X-bnse Ah-X-cWkm[y-X-Iƒ Is≠Øn DNn-X-amb coXn-bn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

3.3 ae-bm-f-I-hn-X-I-fnse Bt£]lmky-X-e-ßƒ hni-I-e\w sNbvXv Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ, hni-I-e-\-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ, Xmc-X-ay-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ apX-em-bh Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

3.4 ae-bm-f-Ønse, kv{Xo]£IY-I-fnse kmaq-lnIhna¿i-\-X-e-w A]-{K-Yn®vIpdn-∏p-Iƒ Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

3.5 k©m-c-km-lnXyIrXn-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw Du∂-ep-Ifpw Xncn-®-dn™vIpdn-∏p-Iƒ Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

3.6 k©mcw F∂ A\p- -hw AS-bmf-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ bm{Xmhnh-c-W-ßƒ Fgp-Xp-∂p.

3.7 hmIy-L-S-\-bpsS khn-tijX-Ifpw kuμ-cymw-i-ßfpw Xncn-®-dn™v ]pXp-hm-Iy-\n¿Ωn-Xn-bn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂p.

bqWn‰v 4 am[yaw

4.1 `mjbpsS sXmgn¬]camb km[yXIƒ Xncn®dn™v hnhn[ am[yaßƒ°vtbmPn°p∂ hn[Øn¬ hyXykvX hyhlmccq]ßfneqsS cN\ \n¿h-ln-°p-∂p.

4.2 ]{X\n¿ΩmWØns‚ {][m\ D≈S°taJeIfmb dnt∏m¿ńMv, ô®¿,apJ{]kwKw XpSßnbhbn¬ {]mtbmKnI ]cnNbw t\Sp∂p.

4.3 am[yaßfnse hm¿ØIfpw teJ\ßfpw hna¿i\mflIambn hnebncpØnN¿®Ifn¬ G¿s∏Sp∂p.

4.4 ]cºcmKXam[yaßƒ s]mXpP\ßfn¬ sNepØp∂ kzm[o\w hnebncpØnIpdn∏pIƒ Xbmdm°p∂p.

4.5 \ham[yaßfpsS km[yXIƒ Is≠Øn PohnXkμ¿`ßfn¬ KpW]cambn{]tbmP\s∏SpØp∂p.

4.6 \nXyPohnXhn\nabßfn¬ hnhckmt¶XnIhnZybpw ssk_¿kwkvImchpwsNepØp∂ kzm[o\w N¿®sNbvXv eLpteJ, Ipdn∏pIƒ, {]_‘wXpSßnbh Xbmdm°p∂p.

4.7 hnhckmt¶XnIhnZybpsS kzm[o\êambn cq]s∏Sp∂ k¿KmflIcN\Iƒ\ncq]Ww sNøp∂p.

4.8 \ham[yaßfpambn _‘s∏´ kmt¶XnI]ZmhenIfpsS Bibwa\ nem°n DNnXamb kmlNcyßfn¬ {]tbmKn°p∂p.

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{]th-i-I-{]-h¿Ø\w

h≈-tØmƒ \mcm-b-W-ta-t\ms‚ "inj-y\pw aI\pw' F∂ Ihn-X-bn¬ "sImsºm∂pt]mbn tNmc-bn-em≠p \n¬°p∂ KW-]-Xn-sb-°≠' AΩ-bmb ]m¿h-Xn-bpsS hnIm-c-{]-I-S-\sØ Ihn Bhn-jvI-cn-°p∂ kμ¿ -amWv NphsS tN¿°p-∂-Xv.

""DS≥ alm-tZ-hn-bn-SØp ssIbmegn-™ -hm¿]q¶pgsem-s∂m-Xp°n,Pz-en® I¨sIms≠mcp t\m°pt\m°n,˛∏m¿i-z-ÿ-\mIpw ]Xntbm-Sp-c-®p.''

$ Cu hcn-I-fnse ]Zw, hmIyw F∂n-h-bpsS A]-{K-Y-\-Øn-eqsS ]m¿h-Xn-bpsSsshIm-cnIt£m`sØ Ihn Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂-sX-ß-s\-sb∂v Is≠-Øm≥ ]dbp-∂p. Ipń-Iƒ hnhn[ {Kq∏p-I-fmbn Ah¿ cq]-s∏-SpØnb \nco-£-W-ßƒ- A-h-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

KZytØmS-SpØp \n¬°p∂ hmIy-L-S\.

\nXyhy-h-lm-c-Øn¬ (hm¿]q¶p-g¬ F∂ ]Z-sam-gnsI) ]cn-Nn-X-amb ]Z-ß-fpsS {]tbm-Kw.

Agn™ ]q¶p-g¬ HXp-°p-∂Xv kv{Xok-l-P-amb tNjvS-bm-Wv. CXvkμ¿ -Øn-\n-W-ßmØ {]hr-Øn-bm-sW∂p kqNn-∏n-°m≥ "Hs∂m-Xp°n'F∂ {]tbm-K-Øn\v Ign-bp-∂p.

"CSØp ssIbm¬' F∂ {]tbm-K-Øn-eqsS {]-hrØnbpsS Ae-£-y-Xsbbpw {]m[m-\y-an-√m-bva-sbbpw [z-\n-∏n-°p-∂p.

tNmc-bn-em≠p \n¬°p∂ aI-s\-°≠ AtX \nan-jØn¬ ]m¿iz-ÿ-\mb`¿Øm-hns\ t\m°n-sb∂p kqNn-∏n-°m≥ "DS≥' F∂ ]Z-Øn\vkm[n°p∂p.

"Hcp t\m°p t\m°n' F∂ {]tbm-K-Øn-eqsS t\m -Øns‚ Xo£vW-Xbpw`mh-kw-th-Z-\-i-‡nbpw {]I-S-am-Ip-∂p. "Hcp' F∂ ]Z-Øn-eqsS t\m´-Øns‚ Akm-[m-c-W-X-zw, khn-ti-jX F∂nh hy‡w.

Icƒ s]mń-°p∂ ImgvN- I-≠n´pw \n w-K-\m-bn-cn-°p∂ `¿Øm-hn-t\m-Sp≈ Aa¿jw "]m¿i-z-ÿ≥' F∂ ]Z-Øn¬ A¥¿eo-\-am-Wv.

{]]-©-am-Xmhv (alm-tZ-hn) kz¥w aIs‚ Zpc-¥-Øn¬ hne-]n-°p∂ Hcpkm[m-cW amXm-hmbn amdp-∂-Xn-eqsS kv{Xok-l-P-amb amXr-hn-Im-c-kq-N\bmWv {]I-S-am-Ip-∂-Xv.

"Pz-en® I¨sIm≠v' F∂ {]tbmKw ]m¿h-Xn-bpsS tIm]-Øns‚ apgp-h≥ Bg-sØbpw hy-‡am°p∂p. tIm]m-·n-sIm≠v IØn-∏-S-cp∂ amXr-X-z-Øns‚ mh-∏-I¿®-bm-Wn-Xv. tIm]w Hcm-fn¬Ø-s∂-bp≈ as‰m-cm-fpsS]I¿∂m- -Øn\v Imc-W-am-Ip-∂p. mhm- n\b{][m-\-amb Hcp {]tbmKw IqSn-bm-Wn-Xv. IY-I-fn-bp-am-bp≈ h≈-tØm-fns‚ _‘-amImw CØ-c-samcp DNn-X-]-Z-{]-tbm-K-Øn\v Imc-W-am-Ip-∂-Xv.

ebmfw

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$ C.kn.-Pn. kpZ¿i-≥ ^nkn-Ivkn¬ [mcmfw I≠p]n-Sn-Ø-ßƒ \S-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.CØcw Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ°v amXr- m-j-m]-T\w At±-lsØ {]tNm-Zn-∏n-®p-sh∂v]d-bp-∂-Xns‚ km[pX F{X-tØm-f-ap≠v?

$ s]mXp-N¿®

hkvXp-XI-fpsS kq£vam-]-{K-Y-\-Øn\v amXr- m-jm-]-T\w klm-bn-°p-∂p.

]pXnb At\-z-j-W-ßƒ°v amXr- m-jm-]-T\w Du¿Pw ]I-cp-∂p.

amXr-`m-jm-]-T\w Nn¥-sbbpw Adn-hn-s\bpw k¿Km-fl-I-am-°m≥klm-b-n°p∂p.

1.1 IÆmSn Im¨tam-fhpw

amXr- m-jm-]-T\w k¿Km-flI Nn¥bv°pw \qX\ Bi-b-ß-fpsS Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ°pw {]tNm-Z-\-am-Ip-∂p-sh∂vC.kn.-Pn. kpZ¿i-s‚ \nco-£-Whpw h≈-tØmƒ°-hn-X-bpsS A]-{K-Y-\hpw ]cn-N-b-s∏- -Xn-eqsS \ap°v a\- n-em-bn. "]pXp-a-e-bm-◊-X≥ atl-i-z-c≥' F∂v h≈-tØmƒHcp -I-hnsb hnti-jn-∏n-®n- p-≠v. ae-bm◊ F∂-Xn\v ae-bmf mj- F∂mW¿Yw. ]pXp-a-e-bmf`mj-bpsS atl-iz-c≥ F∂v h≈-tØmƒ Bsc-bmWv hnti-jn-∏n-®-Xv? F¥p-sIm-≠m-Imw Cßs\ hnti-jn-∏n-®-Xv? A[-ym-]n-I-bpsSCØcw tNmZ-y-ß-tfmSv Ipń-I-ƒ {]Xn-Icn-°p-∂p. Fgp-Ø-—≥Ihn-X-bpsS kuμ-cyhpw mjm-k-hn-ti-j-Xbpw a\- n-em-°m-\mbn "IÆm-Sn- Im- tam-fhpw' F∂ Imh-y- mKw]cn-N-b-s∏-Smw. Ipń-Iƒ ]mT- mKw hmbn-°-s´. Bem-]\wtIƒ°m≥ Ah-kcw sImSp-°mw.

]mT-Øn-te°v

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Fgp-ØIw 59

alm-`m-cXw kw`-h-]¿h-Øn-emWv iIp-¥-tfm-]m-Jym-\-ap-≈-Xv. sshi-ºm-b-\≥ P\-ta-P-bs‚ Bh-iy-{]-Imcw Ipcp-hw-i-Øns‚ al-Øz-sØ-°p-dn®vh¿Wn°p-∂p. Chn-sS-bmWv imIp-¥fw IY {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂-Xv. Zpjvj¥s‚kZv -c-Ww, \mbm´,v IW-z-X-t]m-h\h¿W\, ta\-Im-t{]-j-Ww, iIp-¥-f-bpsSP\-\-I-Y, Km‘¿h-hn-hm-lw, iIp-¥-fsb kzo-I-cn-°¬ F∂n-h-bmWv hymk-`m-c-X-Øn-ep-≈-Xv. iIp-¥-tfm-]m-Jym-\-Øn¬ Fgp-Ø-—≥ kmam-\-y-ambn hymk-`m-c-XsØ ]n¥p-S-cp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. iIp-¥-f-tbm-Sp≈ Zpjvj-¥s‚ iIm-c-hm-°p-I-tfm-sS-bmWv Cu Imhy- mKw Bcw- n-°p-∂-Xv.

""C√mØ hep∏w mhn-°p∂ kz- mhw kv{XoIƒ°v A[n-I-ap-s≠∂v tIń-t -bp-≈q. CXp-t]mse apºv I≠n- n-√. hgn-]n-g-®-h-fmb \o Fs‚ ap∂n-seØnIpe-kv{Xo-sb∂v `mhn®v h√Xpw ]d-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv aXn-bm-°p-I.kz¿Whpw cXv\-ßfpw apØp-sIm-≠p≈ B -c-W-ßfpw hkv{X-ßfpw \n\°vRm≥ th≠p-thmfw kvt\l-tØmsS \¬Imw. Ah hmßn, kabw If-bmsXChnsS\n∂v \n\-°n-jvS-ap-≈n-S-tØ°v s]mbvs°m-≈p-I. Ipbn¬t∏-Ssbt∏mseA\-y-\m¬ hf¿Ø-s∏- -h-fmWv \o. s]s´∂v s]mbvs°m-≈p-I. \ns∂ I≠p-\n¬°m≥ F\n-°m-{K-l-an-√.''

Zpjvj¥s‚ \nμmh-N\ßƒ tI´v e÷n-X-bmb iIp-¥f Cßs\ ]d-™p. A\-y-cpsS ISp-Ip-a-Wn-t]m-esØ tZmj-ßƒ DS≥ \o Is≠-Øp-∂p.hep-Xm-bmepw kz¥w tZmj-ßƒ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂n-√. CXv ]fin-X-∑m¿°p-t]m-epap≈ kz- m-h-am-Wv. \n∂psS P∑-tØ-°mƒ t{ijvTamWv Fs‚ P∑w.`qan-bne√msX \n\°v k©-cn-°m-\m-hptam? qan-bnepw BIm-i-Ønepw Hcp-t]mse k©-cn-°m-s\-\n-°m-hpw. A√tbm cmPmth, \Ωƒ XΩn¬ hfschy-X-y-kvXcm-sW∂p \o a\- n-em-°n-s°m-≈p-I. tacp-]¿h-Xhpw ISpIpw XΩn-ep≈ A¥-cw- \-Ωƒ XΩn-ep≠v. Nn¥n-®n-S-tØmfw Xm¶ƒ H´pw Adn-hp-≈-h-\-s√∂v tXm∂p-∂p. kz¥w apJw IÆm-Sn-bn¬ ImWp-∂-Xp-hsc AXv wKn-bp-≈-Xm-sW∂v hncq-]-∑m¿ Icp-Xp-∂p. AØ-c-°m¿ a‰p-≈-h-cpsS Ip‰-ßƒ]d™p \S-°pw. kz¥w Ip‰-ßƒ Xncn-®-dn-bp-I-bp-an-√. Ipd-hp-I-fn-√m-Ø-h¿a‰p-f-f-h-cpsS Ip‰-ßƒ Is≠Øn \nμn-°p-I-bn-√. \nXyhpw sXfn™ Pe-Øn¬ Ipfn-®mepw aZ-bm-\bv°v aÆn¬ Ipfn-°p-tºmtg kt¥m-j-ap-≠m-hp-I-bp-≈p. CXp-t]m-se-bmWv Zp¿P\-ß-fpw. \√ Bfp-Isf \nμn-°p-tºmtg Zp¿÷-\-ßƒ°v kt¥mjw tXm∂p-I-bp-≈p. k÷-\-ßƒ CØ-c-°m-c-√.

kXy[¿Ω-ßƒ shSn™ ]pcp-js\ {Ip≤-\mb- k¿∏-sØ-°mƒ t]Sn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. Adn-hn-√m-Ø-h-\mb Ah-t\mSv ]fin-X-∑m¿ ip`m-ip-`-Im-c-y-ßƒ ]d-™m¬ AXn¬ \n∂v Aip- w -am-{Xta Ah≥ {Kln-°p-I-bp-≈q. a\- n¬ \∑-bp-≈-h¿ \√ Imc-y-ßƒ s]s´∂v {Kln°pw. ]mepw sh≈hpwIe¿Øn \¬In-bm¬ AXn¬\n∂v Ac-b∂w ]m¬ am{Xw IpSn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-bm-W-Xv.''

iIp-¥f C{]-Imcw ]d-bth BIm-iØp\n∂v Ai-cocn tI´p:""tZhkv{Xoka-bmb iIp-¥-f-sbbpw kz¥w ]p{X-s\bpw \o kzo-I-cn°pI.cmP-y-`-cWw sshImsX aIs\ G¬∏n-°p-I. Aßs\ Ah≥ `cXs\∂t]cn¬ {]kn-≤-\m-bo-Øo-cpw.'' tZh-∑m-cpsS hm°p-Iƒ Zpjvj¥≥ inc-km-h-ln-®p. iIp-¥f ¿Øm-hn-t\m-sSm∏w kt¥m-j-]q¿hw Ign-™p.

]mT-kw{Klw

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Dh∂v : kvt\l-tØm-Sp-IqSn

]c-`rX : A\y-\m¬ hf¿Ø-s∏´

(]c-`rXw F∂Xv Ipbn-ens‚ ]c-ym-b-i_vZw IqSn-

bm-Wv. Ipbn¬ ap -bn-Sp-∂Xv Im°-°q- n-emWv. Xs‚

Ip™m-sW∂v [cn®v Im° AXns\ hf¿Øp-∂p.

iIp-¥-fbpw A\-y-\m¬ hf¿Ø-s∏- -h-fmWv).

a∂n-S-Øn-se∂n : qan-bn-e-√msX

XΩpsS : X∂p-sS, kz¥w

Ae-k˛ Bem]w : Ae-k-ambn ]d-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°¬.

]Z-]-cn-Nbw

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°pI

$ ]mT- m-K-Øns‚ hy-‡n-KX hmb-\-bv°mbn cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-sem-∂m-Wn-Xv. "tImIne\mcn-t]mse \o ]c-`r-X-bt√m' Imh-y-k-μ¿`-Øn¬Cu hcn-bpsS A¿Y-sas¥∂v hym-J-ym-\n-°mtam? s]mXpN¿®.

]c-`rXw F∂Xv Ipbn-ens‚ ]c-ym-b-am-Wv. ]c-\m¬ (A\-y-\m¬) hf¿Ø-s∏-Sp-∂-h-fmWv ]c-`r-X. Im°-bpsS Iqń¬ ap -bn-Sp∂ Ipbn-ens‚hf¿®-bpsS BZ-y-L´w Im°-tbm-sSm-∏-am-Wv.

iIp-¥-fbpw kz¥w A—-\-Ω-am-tcm-sSm-∏-a√hf¿∂-Xv. CØ-c-samcp "hf¿ØptZmjw' iIp-¥-f-bv°p-ap-s≠∂mhmw Zpjvj-¥s‚ Btcm-]-Ww.

"tImIn-e-\mcn' F∂ {]tbm-K-Øns‚ kmwK-X-yw, \mcn-sb-∂m¬ a\p-j-y-kv{Xo-bm-Wv.

$ t_mIvkn¬ \¬In-b ]pcmW IYm-k-μ¿`wA[ym-]nI ¢mkn¬ hni-Zo-I-cn-°-Ww.

$ at‰-sX√mw Xc-Øn-emWv Zpjvj-¥≥ iIp-¥-fsb Bt£-]n-®-sX∂v ]m-T-`mKw ]cn-tim-[n®vIs≠Ømw. hnhn[ {Kq∏p-I-fmbn N¿®. Ah-X-c-Ww.

IYm-J-ym-\-Ønepw I¬∏-

\-bnepw hym-ks‚ Kpfn-I-

s®t∏¥nb inj-y-\m-Ip-∂p

Fgp-Ø-—≥. Imfn-Zm-ks‚

A`n -⁄m-\ -im -Ip -¥-f -

amWv `mc-Xo-b¿°v IqSp-

X¬ ]-cn-NnXw. Imfn-Zm-

ks‚ iIp-¥f \ne-hn-

ep≈ A[n-Im-c-tØmSpw

]pcp-jm-[n]X-y-tØmSpw

hnt[-b-bmbn Ign-bp-∂-h-

fm-Wv. cmPm-hns\ sh≈

]qin -°m -Wn -°m -\mWv

imIp-¥fw IY-bn¬ ap\n-

bpsS im]-hr -Øm¥w

sIm≠p-h-∂-Xv ap≠-t»cn

]d-bp-∂p.

]{¥≠v

Fgp-ØIw 61

Al¥bpsS aq¿Øo- mhw hgn-]n-g® kz-`m-h-ap-≈-hƒ kz¿Whkv{Xm-Zn-I-fn¬ A`n-c-an-°p-∂-hƒ.

$ Zpjvj-¥\m¬ iIp¥f C{]-Imcw Bt£-]n-°-s∏´ kml-N-c-y-Øn-emWv"\n∂psS P∑-sØ-°mƒ t{ijvTw F∂psS P∑w' F∂v iIp-¥f ]d-bm-\n-S-bm-b-sX∂v A[-ym-]nI hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p.

$ ¢mkn¬ \S∂ N¿®-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Ipdn∏p Xbm-dm-°pI.

eLp-hn-h-cWw Xbm-dm-°p-I

$ ]mT- m-K-Øns‚ A¿Y-X-ew- hn-hn[ {Kq∏p-I-fmbn N¿®sNøp-∂p. Is≠-Ønb Bi-b-ß-fpsS Ah-X-cWw.(t{ImUo-I-c-WØn\v A[-ym-]nI ]mTkw{Klw {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-XmWv.)

Ai-cocn hmIyw Imh-y-K-Xnsb am‰n-b-sX-ß-s\-sb∂v Cu {]h¿Ø-\-Øn-eqsSIs≠Øn°gn-™n-cn-°pw.

$ tZh-h-N-\-amb Ai-cocnhmIyw A\p-k-cn®v iIp-¥-fsb kzo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠vAh-fpsS ]cn-ip-≤nbpw \∑bpw P\-ßƒ a\- n-em°p-sa∂v Zpjvj-¥≥ Nn¥n-°p-∂p F∂ hni-Zo-I-cWw A[ym-]nI \¬Ip-∂p.

$ Cu hni-Zo-I-c-W-Øns‚bpw apºv cq]-s∏´ Bi-b-ß-fp-sSbpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬Ipń-I-tfmSv eLp-hn-h-cWw Xbm-dm-°m≥ ]d-bmw.

√ eLp-hn-h-c-W-Øn¬ hkvXp-X-Iƒ kwt£-]n-s®-gp-X-Ww.√ eLphmI-y-ß-fn-ep≈ BJ-ym-\w.√ Bi-b-sØ-fna thWw.

Bims\bpw Fgp-Ø-—s\bpw Xmc-X-ayw sNøp-I.

$ cm{Xn-bp-sSbpw \nem-hns‚bpw kuμ-c-y-sØ-∏‰n Fgp-Xp-Ibpw ]mSp-IbpwsNøp∂ Fgp-Øp-Im-cn-Iƒ°v Ah-bpsS kuμ-cyw H‰bv°v k©-cn®v Bk-z-Zn-°m≥ Ign-bptam? s]mXp-N¿®.

kz-X{¥ambn k©-cn-®m¬ kv{Xo B{I-an-°-s∏-Sp∂ Ah-ÿ. cm{Xn \ntj-[n-°-s∏-Sp∂ kv{XoPohn-Xw. ]pcpjtI{μn-X-amb kmaqlnIhy-hÿ.

$ ]pcp-jm-[n-]-Xy{]h-W-X-I-tfmSv Fgp-Ø-—s‚ iIp-¥f Fßs\ {]Xn-I-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v hy-‡n-K-X-ambn Ipdn-°p-I.

$ ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ \¬In-bn- p≈ Bims‚ "Nn¥m-hn-jvS-bmb koX-'bnse hcn-Iƒ Ipń-Iƒ hmbn-°-s´. koX-bpsS kao-]-\hpw Fgp-Ø-—s‚ iIp-¥-f-bpsSkao-]-\-hp-am-bp≈ kam-\-X-Iƒ Is≠-Øm-\mbn hnhn[ {Kq∏p-I-fmbn Ipń-IsfXncn-°p-∂p.

$ {Kq∏v-N¿® Ah-X-cWw

ebmfw

62 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

hmevaoIncmam-b-W-Øn¬\n∂v hy-X-y-kvX-amb hy-‡n-X-z-amWvBims‚ koX-bv°p-≈-Xv. F∂m¬ hym-k-`m-c-XsØ AtX-]SnA\p-k-cn-®mWv iIp-¥f F∂ IYm-]m-{XsØ Fgp-Ø-—≥krjvSn-®-Xv.

Bims‚ koX-bn¬ ]pcp-js‚ Ifn-∏m-h-b√ kv{Xo F∂kzm-X{¥y{]J-ym-]-\-ap-≠v. kzbw hna¿i-\-Øn\v hnt[-bcm-hmsXA\ysc hna¿in-°pI am{Xw sNøp∂ ]pcp-j-io-e-ß-tfm-Sp≈Ielw Fgp-Ø-—s‚ iIp-¥fbpw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂p.

]pcp-j-tI{μnX-amb A[n-Imchy-h-ÿ-tbm-Sp≈ tNmZywsNø¬ c≠pIYm-]m-{X-ßfpw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂p.

c≠p IYm-]m-{X-ß-fp--sSbpw ]cn-ip≤n tNmZyw sNø-s∏Sp-∂p. P\-ßƒ°v B ]cn-ip≤n t_m[-y-s∏-tS≠ Ahÿ c≠nepw

cq]-s∏-Sp-∂p.

$ Cu N¿®-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS kz-`m-h-Ønse kam-\-X-Iƒ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°m≥ Ipń-I-tfmSv ]d-bp-∂p.

tiJ-cWw

$ tXm‰w-]m- p-ap-X¬ B[p-\nIIhn-X-Ifn¬h-sc- Bhn-jvI-cn® kv{Xokzm-X-{¥ysa∂Bibw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ hcn-Iƒ tiJ-cn-°mw. AXv t]m¿ vt^m-fn-tbm-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Ømw.

{]`m-jWw

$ ]mT- m-KØp\n∂pw Fgp-Ø-—s‚ a‰p -Ir-Xn-I-fn¬ \n∂pw temtIm-‡n-Iƒ Ipń-Iƒ tiJ-cn-°-s´. Nne DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ Xmsgs°mSp-°p-∂p.

IÆmSn Im¨tamfhpw X∂psS apJ-ta‰w\s∂∂p \ncq-]n-°-psa{-Xbpw hncq-]-∑m¿

kX-y-[-¿ΩmZn shSn-™o-Sn\ ]pcp-js\{Iq≤\mw k¿∏-sØ-°m-tf-‰hpw t]Sn-t°-Ww.

t`mK-ß-sf√mw £W{]`m-N-©ewthtK\ \jvS-am-am-bp p-tam¿° -\o.

tIm]-am-Ip-∂Xv hnsØ-∂-dn-bWw]m]-am-Ip∂ acm-a-c-Øn-s\tSm

$ IpńIsf {Kq∏p-I-fm°pI. Hmtcm {Kq∏n\pw Hmtcm temtIm‡n hoXw \¬Ip-∂p. AXnse Bibw {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn Ah¿ Hcp {]`m-jWw Xbm-dm-°-s´.

$ {]`m-jWw Xbm-dm-°p-tºmƒ {i≤n-t°≠ Imc-y-ßƒ A[-ym-]nI ¢mkn¬ HcpeLpN¿® \SØn -kq-Nn-∏n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

]{¥≠v

Fgp-ØIw 63

$ {]`m-j-W-ß-fpsS Ah-X-cWw \S-Øp∂p. N¿®m-kq-N-\I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬Cu {]`m-j-W-ßƒ hne-bn-cp-Ømw.

{]`mjWw kqNIw

hnj-b-Øn\v tbmPn® Bi-b-ßƒ N¿®sNbvXv {Ia-s∏-Sp-ØWw.

A`n-kw-t_m-[-\, Bap-Jw, D]-kw-lmcw F∂nh thWw.

hnj-b-Øns‚ hyXy-kvX -h-i-ßƒ ]cm-a¿in-°-Ww.

Bh-iym-\p-k-cWw D≤-c-Wn-Ifpw DZm-l-c-W-ßfpw D]-tbm-Kn-°-Ww.

ka-Im-en-I-amb kw`-h-K-Xn-I-fp-ambn ]c-am-h[n _‘n-∏n-°-Ww.

]d-bp∂ Imcy-ßƒ°v ]c-kv]-c-_-‘hpw ASp°pw Nn´bpw thWw.

kz¥w \ne-]m-Sp-Ifpw ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Ifpw t{imXm-°sf t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øpw-hn[w hy‡-am-°-Ww.

i_vZ-\n-b-{¥-Ww, D®m-c-W-kv^p-S-X, Hgp-°v, `mhØns‚bpw AwK-hn-t£-]-ß-fp-sSbpw \nb-{¥n-X-amb D]-tbmKw, Du∂-ep-Iƒ, \n¿Ø-ep-Iƒ F∂nhbn¬ {i≤n-°-Ww.

efn-Xhpw BI¿j-Ihpamb `mj-bm-bn-cn-°-Ww.

Be-¶m-cn-I-amb {]tbm-K-ßƒ, \¿Ωw, Ihn-X-I-fn¬\n∂p≈ D≤-c-Wn-Iƒ F∂nh t{imXm-°-fpsS {i≤ ]nSn®p]‰p∂-Xn\mbn th≠nD]-tbm-Kn-°mw.

Bflhn-izm-k-tØm-sS-bp≈ \n¬∏pw `mhhpw {]kw-K-I\v AXym-h-iy-amWv.

$ {]kn-≤-ß-fm-b -{]-`m-j-W-ßƒ tIƒ°m-\-h-kcw \¬Imw.

am¿ń≥ eqY¿ In-Mv, kzman hnth-Im-\-μ≥, kpIp-am¿ Ago-t°m-Sv, Fw.-F≥. hnP-b≥, .......

(sF.-kn.Sn. km[y-X-Iƒ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-XmWv)

Fgp-Ø-—s‚ Imh-y-`mj

$ Bap-J-ambn Fgp-Ø—s‚ Imh-y-`m-jsb°pdn-®p≈ Hcp eLp-hn-i-Zo-I-cWwA[-ym-]nI \¬I-Ww. NphsS tN¿Ø Ipdn∏pIfpw D≤-cWn-Ifpw CXn-\mbn{]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

Hcp P\-X- ùXnI-ambpw B[ym-fln-Iambpw Po¿W-X-bn-te°p hgp-Xn-ho-sWmcp Ime-L-´-Øn¬, kz¥w hm°p-sIm≠v Ahsc D≤-cn-°m≥ apt∂m-´p-h∂ alm-a-\-k-zn-bmWv Xp©-Øm-Nm-c-y≥. A[ymflcma-mb-W-sa∂ kwkvIr-X-Ir-Xnsb B[m-c-am°n ]cn-`mjmkz-`m-h-ap-s≈mcp ]m´pImh-y-amWv BNm-c-y≥ cNn-®-sX-¶nepw, At±lw AXn-eqsS ae-bmfIhn-X-bpsS ASn-th-cp-d-∏n-®p. ]n¬°m-eØv h≈-tØmƒ BN-mc-ys\ ]mSn-∏p-I-gvØn-bXv AXp-sIm-≠m-

ebmfw

64 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

Wv.""Imhyw kptK-bw, IY cmL-hobwI¿Ømhp Xp©-Øp-f-hmb Znh-y≥sNm√p-∂tXm `‡n-ab kz-c-Øn¬B\-μ-e-_v[n-°n-\n-sb¥p thWw?''

(Hcp tXmWn-bm-{X)

Xp©-sØ-gp-Ø-—-s\∂ (Pohn-X-Imew 16˛mw \q‰m≠v) Ihn-Ip-e-Kp-cp-hns‚al-Øzw hy-‡-am-Im≥ `mjm-]n-Xmhv F∂ hnti-jWw aXn-bm-Ipw. At±-l-Øn\v apºpw ae-bm-f-`mj D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. B[p-\nI ae-bmf`mj-bpsS]nXm-sh∂ ÿm\w \¬In \ma-t± -lsØ BZ-cn -°p -∂p. cmam -bWØns\m∏w alm-`m-cXw Infn-∏m-´pw BNm-cys‚Xmbp-≠v. Xs‚ c≠vInfn-∏m-´p-Ifm¬ B[p-\nIae-bmf `mj-bp-sSbpw Ihn-X-bp-sSbpwKXn- \n-b-{¥n-®-Xn-\m-emWv A-t±-lsØ `mjm-]n-Xmhv F∂p hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. Ime-Øn\v ambv°-m\m-hmØ A]m-c-amb Ihn-X-z-i-‡n-bmWv At±-lØns‚ssIap-X¬.

kwkvIr-X-Ønse A[-ym-fl-cm-a-mb-WsØ (14˛mw \q‰m≠v) bpw hym-ks‚alm-`m-c-X-sØbpw Fgp-Ø-—≥ Infn-∏m´pcq]-Øn-emWv ]p\xkrjvSn®Xv.Fgp-Ø-—s‚ Ihn-Xzw Hu∂-Xyw {]m]n-°p-∂Xv `mcXw Infn-∏m-ń-em-Wv.]m´pw aWn-{]-hm-fhpw Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ ap≥Ime Imh-y-]m-c-º-c-y-ß-sf-sb√mw]cn-jvI-cn®v -\q-X-\- Imh-y-`mj Fgp-Ø-—≥ krjvSn-®p. kmln-X-y-Ønse]q¿h-`mjm coXn-I-fpsS kzm-`m-hnI ]cn-Wm-a-am-bn-cp-∂p At±-l-Øns‚`mj. AXn\v henb ]cn-h¿Ø-\-sam∂pw C∂sØ kmam-\y hy-h-lmc-`m-j-bn¬ D≠m-bn-ń√ F∂-XmWv A¤p-X-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Imcyw.

Fgp-Ø-—s‚ `mj

Fgp-Ø-—≥ kmln-Xy{]h¿Ø\w XpS-ßp-tºmƒ sXm´p-Im-Wn-°m-hp∂ hy-‡n-[¿Ω-ß-fp≈ c≠p {]ÿm-\-ßƒ `mj-bn¬ i‡-am-bn-cp-∂p; ]m´pwaWn-{]-hm-f-hpw. kwkvIr-X-`m-j-bnse lrZ-b-lm-cn-bm-b hm°p-Isf ae-bm-fn°p hi-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv aWn-{]-hm-f-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]mńs‚ G‰hpw {][m-\-s∏´ -k-hn-tijX AXns‚ {ZanUkwLm-Xm-£-c-XzamWv. aWn-{]-hm-fhpw]m´pw XΩn¬ {]mcw- -L- -Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ {]IS hy-Xn-tcIw Imew IgnbpwtXmdpw Ipd™pIpd™p h∂p. ]m´pw aWn-{]-hm-fhpw XΩn-ep-≈ `mjm-]-c-amb A¥cw Ipd-®-XmWv IÆ-»-°-hn-I-fpsS apJykw`m-h-\. ]mńs‚bpwaWn-{]-hm-f-Øns‚bpw Btcm-K-y-I-chpw A`n-e-j-Wo-bhpw A\p-I-c-Wo-b--hp-amb taf-\-^-e-amWv Fgp-Ø-—s‚ `mjm-ssi-en. ]mńs‚ `mhmw-ihpwaWn-{]-hm-f-Øns‚ mjmw-ihpw Akm-[m-c-Whpw AX-y¥w \nKq-V-hp-ambHcp cmk-tbm-K-Øn¬ H∂m-bn-Øo¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. ae-bm-f-Ønse i‡n-bp≈]Z-ß-f-[n-Ihpw Cu Ihn-bpsS kz-¥-am-Wv. Fgp-Ø-—-s\-t∏mse `mhm-\p-tcm-[-ambn mj- {]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≈ Hcp Ihnbpw ae-bm-f-Øn-en-√. Hmtcm mh-Øn\pw Fgp-Ø-—\v Hmtcm `mj-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. hmbvsam--gn-bpsS Bfl-ap{Z]Xn-™n-´p≈ hm°p-Ifpw {]tbm-K-ßfpw kc-k-z-Xn-sb-t∏mse A¥¿hm-ln-\n-bmbn Fgp-Ø-—s‚ Imh-y-Kw-K-bn¬ ebn®p tN¿∂n-´p-≠v.

F≥. B¿. tKm]n-\m-Y-]n≈ ˛ ]mT-t`Zw

]{¥≠v

Fgp-ØIw 65

""cwKm-hn-jvI-c-W-Øn¬ Ie-bp-≠m-°p-I-bmWv sNdp-t»cn. Iem\n¿Ωm-W-Øn¬ cwKm-hn-jvImcw km[n-°p-I-bmWv Fgp-Ø-—≥''˛tUm. tNe-\m´v AN-yp-X-ta-t\m≥ ({]Z-£nWw)

FgpØ—-s\-gp-Xp-tºmƒkw`hn-∏-sX-s¥∂p Rm\-dn-bp-∂p:]d°p-∂p IpXn-c-I˛sfgp-Øm-Wn-Øp-ºn-eqsS ˛ k®n-Zm-\-μ≥

$ H.F≥.-hn.-Ipdp-∏ns‚ "Fgp-Ø-—≥ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬' Cu hni-Zo-I-c-W-Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ hm-bn-°m≥ Ipń-I-tfmSv ]dbmw. Ipń-Isf \mev {Kq∏m°mw. ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øn-ep≈ \mev N¿®mkqN\Iƒ ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øn-ep-≠v. Hmtcm {Kq∏n\pwHmtcm kqN\ \¬In A]-{K-Y-\-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°m≥ \n¿tZin-°mw. \n›-bn-°-s∏´ Znhkw Ah-bpsS Ah-X-cWw \SØmw.

"tI´p-tIfn', "ISp-In-∑Wn'˛\nX-y-Po-hn-X-km-l-N-c-y-ß-fn¬\n∂pw\m´pkwkvImcCS-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw cq]-s∏´ CØcw ]Z-ßsf Imhy`mj-bn¬ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv Fgp-Ø-—s‚ cN\mkhn-ti-j-Xbm-Wv.

Dh∂p, \√≥, XΩpsS XpS-ßnb {]mNo\]Z-ß-fpsS {]tbmKw.

C∂v \mw kwkm-cn-°p∂ ae-bm-fhpw Fgp-Ø-—s‚ Imh-y- m-jbpwXΩn-ep≈ A-¥cw hfsc Ipd-hm-Wv.

D≤-c-Wn-Iƒ

"\ap-s°-gp-Ø-—-s\-SpØ `mjm{Ia-°-Wt° icWw'-˛ Ip™n-°p-´≥ Xºp-cm≥ (tIc-fw)

kwkvIrXw Ign-bp-∂n-S-tØmfw Ipd®v, kwkvIrX]Z-ßsf ae-bmf{]X-y-b-ßƒ tN¿Øv `mjmIhn-Xbv°v GXv Bi-b-sØbpw, DZ-z-ln-°p-hm-\p≈ {]`mhw D≠m-°n-s°m-Sp-°p-I-bmWv Fgp-Ø-—≥ \n¿h-ln-®n-´p≈ {]i-kvX-amb kmln-Xytkh-\w.˛tUm. sI. tKmZ-h¿Ω (tIc-f-`m-jm-hn-⁄m-\o-bw)

""c≠p ssIhgn-I-fn-embn ]ncn™psIm-≠n-cp∂ tIcfIhnXmkc-Wnsb ho≠pw Iqńt®¿Øv Hcp {]hm-l-am°n hn´ alm-]p-cp-j≥Xp©Øv cmam-\p-P≥ Fgp-Ø--—-\mWv''˛F.B¿. cmPcmP-h¿Ω (tIcf]mWn-\obw ]oTnI)

"\mS≥]m´p-Iƒ t]mse -t\tc P\-lr-Z-b-ß-fn¬ IS∂psN√m≥ Ign-hp-≈Xpw aWn-{]-hm-f-Øns‚ ImhyKpWw Dƒ-s°m-≈p-∂-Xp-amWv Fgp-Ø-—s‚ Infn-∏m-´p-Iƒ.'

˛ CfwIpfw Ip™≥]n≈

ebmfw

66 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

"]c-`rX' F∂ ]Zw DW¿Øp∂ A¿Y-Øns‚ AS-cp-Iƒ {it≤-b-am-Wv. iIp-¥-fsb Im°-°q-ń¬ ap´-bn-Sp∂ Ipbn-en-t\mSv D]-an-°p-∂p.A—-\-Ω-am-cpsS ]cn-Nc-W-Øn¬ hf-cm-Ø-Xn-\m¬ hf¿ØptZmj-ap≈hsf∂ \nμm-kq-N-\-bntes°-Øn-°m≥ "]c- rX' F∂ ]Z-Øn\vIgn-bp-∂p.

Zp¿P\kz- m-hsØ aZ-bm-\-tbmSv kma-y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xpw {it≤-b-am-Wv.A\-ysc Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ Zp¿÷-\-ßƒ°p e`n-°p∂ kt¥m-j-Øn\vkam-\-amWv aZ-bm-\-bpsS aÆpIpØn hmcn-sb-dn-™p-sIm-≠p≈ Ifn.temI-X-Ø-zsØ kq£va-ambn Bhn-jvI-cn-°m≥ Fgp-Ø-—s‚ Imh-y-`m-jbv°p km[n-°p-∂p.

"IpeSbmb \o hs∂-t∂mSp Ipeo-\sb∂e-km-em]w sNbvXX-Jneae-aew.' Cu hcn-I-fnse {]mk-{]-tbmKw h‡m-hns‚ a\- n-ep≈ ]cn-lm-k- m-hsØ wKn-bmbn [z-\n-∏n-°p-∂p.

"[m{Xo-i≥', "`hm≥' XpS-ßnb kvXpXnhm°p-Iƒ ]cn-lmk]q¿hw{]tbm-Kn-®v -sIm≠v Xs‚ ap∂n¬ Zpjvj-¥≥ F{X \n m-c-\m-sW∂vhy-‡am-°p-I-bmWv iIp-¥-f. ]Zu-Nn-Xyw ChnsS {]I-S-am-Ip-∂p.

"IÆmSn Im¨tam-fhpw' F∂ hnin-jvS-]-Z-c-N\ DW¿Øp∂ kuμ-cym-\p- -hw.

""tI´p-tI-fn-tb-bp≈p I≠n-ń-t√hw ap∂w''

""IÆmSn Im¨tam-fhpw X∂psS apJ-ta‰w''\s∂∂p \ncq-]n-°p-sa-{Xbpw hncq-]∑m¿'""kX-y-[¿ΩmZn shSn-™o-Sn\ ]pcp-js\{Ip≤\mw k¿∏sØ°mtf-‰hpw t]Sn-t°Ww''

XpS-ßnb {]tbm-K-ßƒ hmsamgn-bnepw hc-sam-gn-bnepw {]XnjvTt\Snbhbm-Wv.

$ N¿®-bv°p-tijw hy-‡n-K-X-ambn A]-{K-Y-\-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°mat√m.

kp`m-jnXw

$ t\ctØ \S∂ ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬\n∂v Cu hcn-I-fpsS Bibw Ipń-Iƒ°ve`n-®n-´p-≠mhpw. B Bi-bsØ Hcp eLp-N¿®-bn-eqsS ]p\-xkvacn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

$ kp`mjnXsa-s¥∂v A[ym-]nI ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.NphsS tN¿Ø- amXrIAh-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

kp`m-jnXw

"\∂mbn ]d-b-s∏-´Xv' F∂mWv kp`m-jn-X-

Øn\v A¿Yw. s]mXp-hmbn \mw Adn-tb-≠Xpw

A\p-jvTn-t°-≠-Xp-amb Nne kZp-]-tZ-i-ß-fmWv

CXn¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. {]k-‡-ß-fmb

Nne Ihn-Xm-`m-K-ßƒ D≤-cn-®p-sIm-≠v, Ah

bv°v C∂sØ Pohn-X-Øn-ep≈ {]m[m-\yhpw

{]k-‡nbpw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWv apJy-e-

£yw. eLp]mcmbW-Øn\pw Kuc-h-tØm-sS-

bp≈ hmb-\bv°pw hnNn-¥-\-Øn\pw DX-I-Ø-

°-h-Æ-amWv kp`m-jn-X-ßƒ Fgp-Xm-dp≈Xv.

tdUntbm\ne-b-ß-fn¬ \n∂mWv ]e-t∏mgpw

kp`m-jn-X-ß-fpsS Ah-X-cWw tIƒ°m\m-Ip-

∂Xv.

]{¥≠v

Fgp-ØIw 67

""a‰p-≈-h¿ ]pI-gvØo-Sn¬

KpWnbmw KpW-lo-\\pw

kzbw ]pI-gvØn-bm-en-{μ≥˛

t]mepw \n m-c-\mbv hcpw.''

Cu temI-Øn¬ AXn-k-a¿Y-∑m-cmb ]ecpw t{]m’m-l-\-°p-d-hp-sIm≠v Ah¿

A¿ln-°p∂ ÿm\-ß-fn¬ FØn-t®-cm-Xn-cn-°p-∂p-≠v F∂-sXmcp hkvXp-X-bm-

Wv. Imbn-I-cw-K-Øm-I-s´ Iem-cw-K-Øm-I-s´, a‰p cw-K-ß-fn-em-Is´˛icn-bmb

t{]m’m-l\w Xßƒ°v e`n-°m-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠mWv AXXp afi-e-ß-fn¬

Xßƒ°p-b-cm≥ Ign-bm-Ø-sX∂v Nne ka¿Y¿ ]cm-Xn-s∏´Xmbpw \ap-°-dn-

bmw. Ahsc Bcm-[n-°p-Ibpw kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Npcp°w Nne-cm-bn-

cn°pw ]cm-Xn-°m-cmbn cwK-Øp-h-cpI. a‰p≈h-cn¬\n∂p t{]m¬km-l-\-ap-s≠-

¶nte Hcph\v Xm≥ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Im-c-y-Øn¬ hnP-b-ap-≠m-hp-I-bp-≈q. hnP-b-

e-_v[n°v t{]m’ml\w AX-y-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv. Xs‚ Ign-hn-s\-∏‰n Hcmƒ°v

icn-bmb t_m[w D≠m-bn-s°m-≈-W-sa-∂n-√. AXv I≠-dn-tb-≠-Xpw AXn-s\-

DtØPn∏n-t°-≠Xpw a‰p-≈-h-cpsS IS-a-bm-Wv. kap-{Z-ew-L-\-k-a-bØv l\p-am-

\p-t]mepw Xs‚ Ign-hn-s\-∏‰n ]q¿W-t_m-[-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. B hm\-c-t{i-

jvTs‚ ]p¿h-Im-e-N-cn-{X-sØbpw [oc-Ir-X-y-ß-sfbpw A\p-kva-cn-®p-sIm≠v

Pmw_-hm≥ {]iwkm-h-N-\-ßƒ sNmcn-bp-I-bpw, GsXmcp kml-k-I¿Ωhpw

sNøm≥ B hmbp]p{X-s\-t∏mse {]mK-ev`-y-ap-≈-h-cmcpw Cs√∂v DZvt_m-[n-∏n-

°p-Ibpw sNbvXt∏mƒ am{X-amWv amcpXn {]hr-≤-ho-c-y-\m-bn-Øo¿∂-Xv. t{]m’m-

l\w Hcmsf D’m-ln-bmbn am‰p-∂-Xp-t]m-se, \nμ\w Hcp-hs\ \ncp-t∑-j-hm\m-

°pIbpw \n¿ho-c-y-\m-°p-Ibpw sNøp-sa-∂p-≈-Xn\pw ZrjvSm-¥-ß-fp-≠v. `mc-X-

bp-≤-Øn¬ A¿Pp\t\mSv FXn-cn-Sm≥ I¿Æ≥ Xbm-dm-b-t∏mƒ, kmc-Yn-bmb

iey¿ B hoc-tbm-≤m-hns\ Bt£-]-hm-°p-IƒsIm≠v \ncp-≤-ho-c-y-\m-°p-I-

bmWp sNbvX-Xv. {]iw-kbpw t{]m’m-l-\hpw Hcphs‚ Ign-hns\ DW¿Øpw;

DtØ-Pn-∏n°pw; hep-Xmb kml-k-I¿Ω-ßƒ sNøm≥ Abmsf t{]-cn-∏n-°pw.

adn-®v, \nμ-bpw iIm-chpw Hcp-hs‚ Ign-hns\ aμo-`-hn-∏n-°p-Ibpw \ncp-’m-l-

s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøpw. ]Tn-°m≥ tami-ab Hcp Ipń-sb, a\-»m-kv{X-a-dn-bp∂

Hc-[-ym-]-I≥ Hcn-°epw ¢mkn¬h®v Bt£-]n-°n√. Abmƒ°p≈ \√ KpW-

ßsf I≠-dn-™v, AXns\ ]pI-gvØn, hnP-b-Øn-se-Øn-t®-cm≥ Abmsf t{]cn-

∏n-°p-I-tb-bp-≈q. Imbn-I-a-’-c-Øn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂-hsc ssIb-Sn®p t{]m’m-

ln-∏n-°p-∂Xv \mw I≠p-h-cp∂ Hcp kwK-Xn-bm-W-t√m. ChnsS {]k-‡hpw {][m-

\-hp-amb as‰mcp hkvXpX-IqSn \ΩpsS {i≤-bn¬ s]tS-≠-Xp-≠v. {]iwk \√-

Xm-sW-∂p-h®v Bcpw kzbw {]iw-kn-°p-∂Xp icn-b-√. Bfl-{]-iw-k-sIm≠v

a‰p-≈-h-cpsS ]cn--lm-k-Ønt\ \mw ]m{XamIq. AXv Al-¶m-c-Øns‚ e£-W-

am-bnt´ Adn-hp-≈-h¿ KWn-°q. "ac-Whpamfl-{]-iw-k-bp-sam°pw' F∂mWv

BNm-cy-∑m¿ ]d-bp-∂Xv. Bflm-`n-am-\hpw Bfl-hn-i-zm-khpw \ap-°p- th-Ww.

F∂m¬ Bfl-{]-iw-k- ]m-Sn√. F{X hen-b-h-\m-sW-¶n¬ t]mepw˛ km£m¬

tZth-{μ-\m-sW-¶nepw kzbw ]pI-gvØn-bm¬ A\-y-cpsS ZrjvSn-bn¬ \n m-c-\m-

bnt´ ]cn-W-an-°q. \ap°v KpW-K-W-ß-fp-s≠-¶n¬ Ahsb Is≠Øn hmgvtØ-

≠Xv a‰p-≈-h-cmWv; A√msX X∂-Øm-\-√. a‰p-≈-h-cpsS {]iwk \ap°p {]-

tbm-P\s∏Sp-Ibpw sNøpw.

˛ Xnc-s™-SpØ kp`m-jn-X-ßƒ (s{]m^. Aº-e-∏pg cma-h¿Ω)

ebmfw

68 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

$ Fgp-Ø-—s‚ hcn-Isf ap≥\n¿Øn FØn-t®¿∂ Bi-bsØ hni-Z-am-°pwań¬hy-‡n-K-X-ambn kp`m-jnXw cNn-°mw. Bh-i-y-s∏-Sp-∂p.

Zbm-_mbn ˛ A\p-`hw

$ "\√-\m-bn-cn-∏-h≥ \√Xp {Kln®oSpw' F∂v A[-ym-]nI t_m¿Un¬ Fgp-Xp-∂p.Cu hcn-bpsS B¥-cm¿Yw Fs¥∂v Ipdn-°m≥ Ipń-I-tfmSv ]d-bp-∂p. ct≠maqt∂m Ah-X-c-W-ßƒ. ip`mflINn¥-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ [mc-W-bn¬ FØnt®-cp-∂p.

$ a[-y-{]-tZ-inse Hcp {Kma-Øn¬ Kncn-h¿K°m¿°n-S-bn¬ kmaq-lnI{]h¿Ø\w\S-Øp∂ ae-bmfn kv{XobmWv Zbm-_m-bn. "]®-hn-c¬' Ah-cpsS Bfl-I-Y-bm-Wv. ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Ønse BflIYm-`mKw hmbn-°m≥ A[-ym-]nI HcpIpńsb £Wn°p-∂p.

$ Fgp-Ø-—≥ ]d™ ip`m-fl-INn¥ {]Xn-^-en-°p∂ CS-ßƒ Cu Bfl-I-Ym-`m-K-Øpt≠m? s]mXp-N¿®.

Pk-yq v ]ptcm-ln-Xs‚ {]hrØnbn¬. Zbm-_m-bn-bpsS hm°p-I-fn¬.

Zbm-_mbnPohnXw Zpcn-X-a-\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h¿°mbn \o°nh®v I\-ym-`-h-\-Øn¬ \n∂v Iogm-

f-cp-sSbpw tNcn-\n-hm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw CS-ß-fn-te-s°-Ønb kmaq-lnI{]h¿Ø-I.

1941 s^{_p-hcn 22˛\v ]mem-bnse ]qh-c-Wn-bn¬ P\n-®p. bYm¿Y t]cv tagvkn

amX-yp. sIm®p-sIm-´mcw ss{]adn kvIqƒ. hnf-°p-amSw sk‚ v tPmk-^kv

sslkvIqƒ F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ hnZ-ym-`-ym-kw. 1958˛¬ _nlm-dnse ]lm-cn-_mKv

tIm¨sh‚n¬ I\-ym-kv{Xo-bm-Im≥ tN¿s∂-¶nepw ]cn-io-e\w ]q¿Øn-bm-Ip-

∂-Xn\v Hcp h¿jw aptº 1965 ¬ tIm¨sh‚ v Dt]-£n®v _nlm-dnse ]emtam

Pn√-bnse tKm{Xh¿K- ta-J-e-bnse atlm-U-bn¬ {]h¿Øn-®p. _n.Fkv.kn,

Fw.Fkv.U_vfnbp, F¬.-F¬._n. _ncp-Z-ßƒ t\Sn-bn-´p≠v. "h\nX hpsa¨

Hm^ Zn Cb¿' 2007 Ahm¿Uv e`n-®p. t_mws_-bnse tNcn-I-fnse {]h¿Ø-\-

ß-fnepw _w•m-tZiv bp≤-Øn-\p-tijw bp≤m\-¥-c-tk-h-\-ß-fnepw t`m∏m¬

Zpc-¥-Øn-s‚ c£m-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw G¿s∏-´p. 1981 apX¬ Xn≥ssk tKm{X-

h¿K {Kma-Øn¬ tKm≠p-I-tfm-sSm∏w Pohn®v Ah-cpsS Ah-Im-i-ßƒ°mbn

t]mcm-Sn. 1995 apX¬ _dqƒ {Kma-Øn¬ ssPh-Ir-jn-bp-sSbpw Pe-kw-c-£-

WØns‚bpw ]mT-ßƒ ]I¿∂p \¬In-.

ssZh-Z-iIw ˛ hym-J-ym\w

]{¥≠v

Fgp-ØIw 69

$ ""\obpw Rm\p-sa-∂p≈ bmYm¿Y-y-Øn¬\n∂v Ah-km\w \o am{Xw Ah-ti-jn-°m≥ t]mhp-I-bmW,v \o am{Xw?'' "A\¿L-\n-anj'Ønse Cu `mKw \Ωƒ]cn-N-b-s∏- -Xm-Wv. Cu hcn-I-fpsS A¿Y-Xew F¥mWv? s]mXp N¿®.

\ns‚ D≈nepw Fs‚ D≈nepw IpSn-sIm-≈p-∂Xv Htc Bfl-ssN-X-\-y-amWv.AXp-sIm≠v \obpw Rm\pw H∂p-X-s∂-bm-Wv.

$ {InkvXp-tZ-hs‚ Gsd {]kn-≤-amb hN-\-amWv \ns∂-t∏mse \ns‚ Ab¬°m-c-s\bpw kvt\ln-°pI F∂X.v _jo¿ apt∂m- p-h® GIo- m-hm-hÿ Cu hN-\-Øn¬\n∂v \ap°v hmbn-s®-Sp-°m-\m-hptam? s]mXpN¿®.

• ]{X-hm¿Ø Ipń-Isf ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Ømw.

$ `mjm-]-T-\sØ kmaq-lnI CS-s]-S-ep-If-nte°p hnI-kn-∏n-t°-≠-Xp-t≠m?]{X-hm¿Øsb ap≥\n¿Øn-bp≈ s]mXpN¿®.

`mjm]T\w PohnX]T\w Xs∂-bm-Wv.

kmaq-lnI{]iv\-ß-fn¬ CS-s]-Sm-\p≈ IcpØp]I-cpIIqSn mjm-]-T-\-Øns‚ e£-y-am-Wv.

Zpc-nX-a-\p -` -hn -°p-∂-hsc klm-bn-°p∂ GsX¶nepsamcp{]h¿Ø\w Is≠Øn \S-∏m-°m≥ Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂p.

ssZhZiIw˛ hym-J-ym\w

ebmfw

70 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

\ns‚ Ab¬°m-cs\ kvt\ln-°m-\√ {InkvXp-tZ-h≥ ]d-™-Xv.\o \ns∂ Fßs\ kvt\ln-°p-∂pthm, AXp-t]mse \ns‚Ab¬°m-cs\bpw (BcmWv Ab¬°m-c≥? \o Hgn®v Cu {]]-©-Ønse kI-eXpw \ns‚ Ab¬°m-c-\m-Wv) kvt\ln-°pIF∂mWv CXn-\¿Yw. Chn-sS \o/Ab¬-°m-c≥ F∂n-ßs\ cs≠∂`mhw C√m-Xm-Ip-∂p. mc-Xob Ejn-am¿ AssZ-zXw (c≠v A√mØAh-ÿ) F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-®Xpw CXp-Xs∂bmW.v AXm-bXv F√mPohm-flm-°fpw ]c-am-flm-hns‚ mK-am-Ip∂ Ah-ÿ. ip≤ {_“m-hÿ F∂v CXns\ hnfn-°mw. Alw {_“mkvan Rm≥ {_“am-Ip∂p F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv CXp-X-s∂-bmWv˛ XØ-z-akn ˛ AXv \oXs∂-bm-Ip-∂p. A\¬lJv F∂v kq^n-Iƒ ]d-™Xpw CXn¬\n∂v hy-X-y-kvX-a-√.

Cusbmcp Z¿i-\-Øns‚ Bhn-jvIm-c-am-bn- mWv A\p-jvTp∏v hrØ-Øn¬ {io\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp c-Nn® "ssZh-Z-i-I'sØ a\- n-em-t°-≠-Xv. 1914 ˛¬ inh-Kn-cn-a-T-Ønse At¥-hm-kn-I-fmb Ipń-Iƒ°vZnh-k-hpw {]m¿Y-\m-k-a-bØv sNm√p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bmWv Kpcp CsX-gp-Xn-b-Xv. ]n∂o-SXv hni-z-{]m¿Y-\-bmbn amdp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. bqtdm-∏n¬H∂mw temI-bp≤w XpS-ßp∂ h¿j-Øn¬ ]c-a-im-¥n-bpsS Cu{]m¿Y-\m-i-XIw cNn°s∏´p F∂Xv BI-kvanI-am-hmw. CØcw hni-Zo-I-c-W--ßƒ°ptijw Hcp s]mXpN¿®-bn-eqsS ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬\¬In-b ssZh-Z-i-I-Ønse aq∂v t«mI-ß-fpsS Bibw Is≠-Ømw.

$ ssZh-Z-i-I-Ønse H∂mw t«mIw hmbn-°m≥ Hcp Ipń-tbmSv ]d-bp-∂p.

$ \mw hmbn-°p-Ibpw ]Tn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p≈ a‰p Ihn-X-I-fn¬\n∂v CXn\vFs¥-¶nepw hy-X-ymkw \nßƒ°\p- -hs∏t´m? F¥mWv CXns‚ khn-ti-jX?s]mXpN¿®

{]m¿Y-\-bp-tS-Xmb Hcp kzcw Cu Ihn-X-bv°p-≠v.

$ temI-P-\X Hscm‰ coXn-bn-emtWm {]m¿Y-\-bn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂Xv?

aX-ßƒs°√mw hy-X-y-kvX-ß-fmb Bcm-[\m coXn-Ifpw {]m¿Y\mk{º-Zm-b-ßfp-am-Wp-≈-Xv.

Hmtcm aX-Øn¬s∏- -h¿°pw {]m¿Yn-°m-\mbn Ah-cp-tS-Xmb ssZh-k¶-ev]-ß-fp-ap-≠v.

$ "ssZh-Z-i-I'-Øn¬ GsX-¶nepw ssZhsØ hnfn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ {]m¿Y-\m-co-XnbmtWm D≈Xv? BZ-y-t«mIw hym-J-ym-\n®v N¿® sNømw s]mXpN¿®.

apgp-h≥ temIP-\-Xbv°pw Hcp-an®p \n∂v A`bw tXSm-hp∂ HcpssZh-amWv Chn-sS-bp-≈Xv. \ma-cq-]-Øn-eqsS Hcp {]tX-yI t]cv]d-bmsX F√m-h¿°pw kzo-Imc-y-amb "ssZhta' F∂p am{X-amWvKpcp kwt_m-[\ sNøp-∂-X.v F√m-h-cp-tSbpw ssZhw H∂m-sW∂kqN\ ChnsS sXfn™p ImWmw.

]{¥≠v

Fgp-ØIw 71

"`hm_v[n' sb∂Xv \ΩpsS uXn-I-Po-hnXw Xs∂-bm-Wv. CXv IS-°m-\p≈ Bhn-°-∏-ens‚ I∏n-Øm-\mbnh∂v Xß-sf- Im-Øp-sIm-t≈-Wta F∂mWv ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

ùXn-I-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ \nc-h[n {]iv\-ß-ƒ ImcWw Cf-In-a-dn-bp∂Hcp IS-en-e-I-s∏- -t]m-se-bmWv \mw.

ssZh-]m-Z-ßsf icWw {]m]n-°p-∂Xv bYm-¿-Y-Øn¬ \ap°v AdnhvD≠m-Im≥ th≠n-bmWvv.

$ "ssZh-Z-i-I'-Øns‚ BZ-y-t«m-I-Øns‚ hym-J-ym\w hy-‡n-K-X-ambn Ipń-Iƒ°vFgp-Xm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

$ c≠mw t«mIw hmbn-°m≥ Hcp Ipńsb £Wn°p∂p.

$ Cu t«mI-Øns‚ A¿Y-sa-¥mWv? Ipń-Iƒ Ah-cpsS \nco-£-W-ßƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

GXp hkv{X-Ønepw \qep-≠v. \qen¬ ]™n-bp≠v. ]™n-bp-≠m-hp-∂tXm ]™n-s®-Sn-bn¬ \n∂v. ]™n-s®Sn hf¿∂-tXm, aÆn¬. Pe-Øn¬, hmbp-hn¬, NqSn¬,BIm-iØn¬ \nd™p \n∂v Cßs\ Hs∂m-∂m-sb-Æn-sb-Æn-s®-∂m¬ Ah-km\w \mw Fhn-sS-Øpw? Hcp ckw ]d-b-s´. \qep-an-√, ]™n-bp-an-√, ]™n-s®-Sn-bp-an√, aÆpw Pe-hp-a-S-ßp∂ ]©-`q-X-ß-fp-an-√. s]s´∂p hni-z-kn-°m-\mhp--∂n-√. At√? Chn-sS-bmWv CXn-s\-√m-a-∏p-d-ap-≈, CXns‚sb√mw ASn-ÿm-\-ambn\n¬°p∂ Hcp alm-k-X-ysØ \mw Xncn-®-dn-tb-≠-Xv. Cu kXyw Xs∂-bmWvF∂nepw \n∂nepw IpSn-sIm-≈p-∂-Xv. CXv a\- n-em-°p-tºmƒ Fß-s\-bmtWm\ΩpsS, ZrjvSn \n›-e-am-°p-∂Xv AXp-t]mse Fs‚ a\ pw \n∂n¬ AN-©-e-ambn \ne-\n¬°p-hm≥ F\n°p Icp-Øp-X-tc-W-ta.

$ "A∂-h-kv{Xm-Zn-ap- msX X∂p c£n®p' F∂ t«mIw hmbn-°m≥ Hcp Ipń-tbmSvBh-i-y-s∏-Sp-∂p.

$ Cu t«mI-Øns‚ hym-J-ym\w hy-‡n-K-X-ambn Ipń-Iƒ Xbm-dm-°-s´. H∂vc≠v Ipń-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

ssZ\w-Zn\ Pohn-X-Øn¬ G‰hpw {][m-\-amb A∂w, hkv{Xw apX-em-bhX∂v Rßsf c£n-°-Ww.

Fs∂ c£n-°-W-sa-∂√ ]d-bp-∂Xv. "Rßsf' c£n-°-W-sa-∂mWv {]m¿Yn-°p-∂-Xv. {]m¿∞\ X\n-°p-th-≠n-b√, F√m-h¿°pw th≠n-sb∂ k¶-ev]-amWv Kpcp-hn-\p-≈-Xv.

hni-∏p-am-‰pI am{X-a√, [\-y-cm-°p-∂p-ap≠v ssZhw. [\-y-X-bmWv Pohn-XsØkpJ-I-c-am-°n-Øo¿°p-∂-Xv. a\p-jy\n¿ΩnX \nb-a-ßƒ°v A\p-kr-X-am-bPohn-X-a√ AXv. {]m]-©n-I-amb \nb-a-ßƒ°v A\p-k-cn-®p≈ Pohn-X-amWv[\-y-amb Pohn-Xw. AhnsS a\p-jy\n¿Ωn-X-amb PmXnh-y-h-ÿtbm A[n-Im-c-h-y-h-ÿtbm H∂pw IS-∂p-h-cn-√. AØ-c-samcp PohnXw \¬In A\p-{K-ln-t°-Wta F∂mWv ssZh-tØmSv {]m¿Yn-°p-∂Xv.

ebmfw

72 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

ISepw I∏epw h≈-ßfpw [mcm-f-ap≈ Xpd-apJ \K-c-amWv ImSvPn-s\.Cu IY-bnse {][m\ IYm-]m-{X-ß-fmb tSmt´m, tPmh¬ F∂o Ipń-Iƒ Ipń-°mew sNe-h-gn-®-Xn-hn-sS-bm-Wv. h≈wh-bv°m≥ sjUpw t_m -Sp-∏n-°m≥ ÿehpw hnim-e-amb ap‰-hp-ap-ff ImSv-Pn-s\-bnse hoń¬ \n∂vAh¿ ]dn®p am‰-s∏-Sp-∂n-SØp \n∂mWv am¿sIz-kns‚ "{]Imiw Pewt]mse-bmWv' F∂ IY Bcw- n-°p-∂-Xv. Ct∏m-f-h¿ bqtdm-]-y≥ ]cn-jvIrX\K-c-amb am{Un-Un-emWv h∂-I-s∏-ń-´p-≈-Xv. Hcp henb ^vfm‰v kap-®-b-Ønse A©mw \ne-bnse A∏m¿´p-sa‚n¬ A—-\-Ω-am¿s°m∏w Ign-bp-∂p. IS¬ap‰Øns‚ hnimehnkvXr-Xn-bn¬ \n∂pw Ne-\m-fl-I-X-bn¬ \n∂pw^vfm‰ns‚ IrXyNXp-c-Øn-te°pw \n›-e-X-bn-te°pw Ipń-Iƒ FØn-t®¿∂n-cn-°p∂p. Cusbmcp {]hm-k-Øns‚ kw{Xm-ksØbmWv am¿sIzkvIY-bn¬ AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ {ian-°p-∂-Xv.

Ipń-I-fn¬ If-¶-Øns‚ Awiw Ipdbpw. CXn\p ImcWw a\p-jy-\n¿Ωn-X-amb I]SPohn-X-Øn¬ Ah¿t°sd t\cw Xpg-tb-≠-Xmbn h∂n-ń√F∂Xm-Wv. AXn-\m¬Øs∂ ^vfm‰n-se-Øn-b-]mtS Ah¿ amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfmSv Bh-i-y-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Hcp Xpg-h-≈-am-Wv. ^vfm‰n-\-IØv AI-s∏-´-t∏mgpw Xß-fpsS ssPh-tNm-Z-\Iƒ ssIhn-Sm≥ Ipń-Iƒ Xbm-dm-hp-∂n√F∂mWv \mw a\- n-em-t°-≠-Xv. vfm‰n¬ h≈w Xpg-bm≥ jh-dn¬ \n∂p-h-cp∂ sh≈-a-t√-bp-≈q F∂v AΩ adp-]Sn ]d-bp-∂p. Fen-sa‚dn kvIqfn¬anIhv ]pe¿Øn kΩm\w hmßn-bm¬ Xpg-h≈w hmßn-Ø-cm-sa∂v Ah-km\w amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ Hcp-an®v hmKvZm\w sNøp-∂p. Ipń-I-fpsS D≈p\ndsbXpgh≈-hpw Ah-cpsS qX-Im-e-Ønse IS¬sh-≈-hp-am-Wv. CXv Xncn-®p-]n-Sn-t°-≠-Xp-≈-Xn-\m¬ Ah¿ \∂mbn ]Tn®v kΩm\w hmßn-°p-∂p. PohnX{]mc-_v[-Øn-\n-S-bnepw ]nXmhv Ah¿°v Xpg-h≈w hmßn-s°m-Sp-°p-∂p. Ipń-I-fpsS A`n-cp-Nn-I-sfbpw B{K-l-ß-sfbpw Xncn-®-dn™v Ah-cn¬ B¥-cn-I-amb A`n-t{]-cW (Intrinsic motivation) DW¿Øn ]T-\-tØmSv icn-bmbn{]Xn-I-cn-°m\pw Xm¬∏-c-y-ap-W¿Øm\pw amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°v \∂mbn CS-s]-Sm\m-Ip-sa∂ B¥-cnI ]mTw IqSn Cu IYm-k-μ¿`w \¬Ip-∂p.

^vfm‰nse Im¿sj-Õn-emWv Xpg-h≈w sIm≠ph-®Xv. F∂m¬ \n¿_-‘-]q¿hw GWn-∏-Sn-Iƒhgn- Ip- n-Iƒ A©mw \ne-bnse A∏m¿´p-sa‚nseapdn-bn-te°v Cu h≈sØ hen®p Ib-‰p-∂p. Ah¿°v h≈-sa-∂Xv \n›-e-

1.2 {]Imiw Pew- t]m-se-bmWv

]mTm-]-{K-Y\w

$ ¢mkn¬ \S∂ Ah-X-c-W-ßfp-sSbpw A[-ym-]n-I-bpsS t{ImUo-I-c-W-Øns‚bpwASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Ipń-Iƒ aq∂v -t«m-I-Øns‚bpw hym-J-ym\w Xbm-dm-°-Ww.Cu hym-J-ym-\-°p-dn∏v t]m¿ vt^mfn-tbm-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Ømw.

]{¥≠v

Fgp-ØIw 73

amb Hcp ImgvN-h-kvXpt-hm kΩm\w Inńb D¬∏-∂tam A√; \jvS-s∏´Pohn-X-ap-{Z-Iƒ t]dp∂ Hcp A`-b-cq-]-am-Wv. CXn-\n-S-bn¬ hoSn-\p-≈n¬Hcp IhnXmN¿® \S-°p-∂p-≠v.- N¿®bv°nS-bn¬ kzn-®n¬ sXm´m¬ {]-Imiwhcp-∂-sX-ßs\ F∂v A—-t\-mSv tNmZn-°p-∂p tSmt´m. Sm∏v Xpd-∂m¬ Pe-sam-gp-Ip-∂Xp-t]mse kzn®n¬ sXm´m¬ {]Imiw Hgp-Ip-sa∂ Hcp mh-\m-fl-I-X-bn-te°v aIs\ ]nXmhv sIm≠pt]mIp-∂p-≠v. {]Imiw Pew t]mse-bmWv F∂mWv Abmƒ Ipń°v \¬Ip∂ hni-Zo-I-c-Ww. Cu kμ¿`wapX¬ IYm-Jym-\-Øn¬ amPn-°¬ dnb-en-k-sa∂ cN\mkt¶-XsØ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ am¿sIzkv Xp\n-bp-∂p. A—-\√, BJ-ym-Xm-hp-X-s∂-bmWvIY-bn¬ {]X-y-£-s∏ v tSmt´m-bpsS a\- ns\ am{¥n-I-X-bn-te°p \bn-°p-∂-sX∂ hmb-\bpw ChnsS km[-y-am-Wv.

{]Im-iaps≈mcp hnf°v Ipń-Iƒ s]mń-°p-I-bm-Wv. kz¿W-{]-Imiwapdn-bmsI Hgp-Ip-∂-Xmbn am¿sIzkv ]d-bp-∂p, {]ImiPe-Øn¬ Ipń-Iƒ h≈w Xpg-bp-∂-Xm-bpw Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂p. Xßƒ°v \jvS-s∏- p-t]mb{]Ir-Xnsb hos≠-Sp-°p-I-bm-Wn-hnsS Ipń-Iƒ. Cu bmYm¿Y-ysØ am{¥n-I-ambn Bhn-jvI-cn-°m≥ sIm≠p-h∂ Iev]-\-bmWv {]Im-i-P-e-sa-∂-Xv.ChnsSbpw Xocp-∂n√ IY-bnse am{¥n-I-X-bpsS {]hm-lw. IS-en¬ apßp-∂-Xp-t]mse {]ImiPe-Øn¬ apßm≥ Ipń-Iƒ Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂p. H∂mwska-Ã-dn¬ G‰hpw \√ hnZ-ym¿Yn-Iƒ°p≈ kΩm\w hmßn-h∂ AhscImØn-cp-∂Xv apß¬ kma-{Kn-I-fSßnb s]ń-I-fmWv. Chn-sSbpw amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS ]T-\-t{]m-’m-l-\-coXn {]I-S-am-Wv. h¿j-ß-fmbn Ccp- n-em-bn-cp∂ ]eXpw {]Im-i-Øns‚ ASn-Ø-ń¬\n∂v Ipń-Iƒ Is≠-Sp-Ø-p.XnI®pw kz-m`m-hn-I-amb PohnXkml-N-c-y-ß-fn¬ am{Xta Hcp hy-‡n-bpsS`mh-\bpw k¿Km-flINn¥bpw DW-cp-I-bp-≈q. {]ImiPew sIm≠v vfm‰n-\p-≈n¬ Ah¿ krjvSn® IS¬ Hc¿Y-Øn¬ Ah-cpsS ssPh{]Ir-Xn-Xncn®p]nSn-°-emWv. \jvS-s∏´ ]e-Xn-s\bpw Hm¿sØ-Sp-°m-\pw -I-s≠-Sp-°m\pw Ah¿°v Ignbp-∂Xv CXn-\m-em-Wv. h¿j-ß-fmbn Ccp- n-em-bn-cp∂]e-Xn-s\bpw Ah¿ {]Im-i-Øns‚ ASn-Ø-ń¬\n∂v Is≠Øn F∂am{¥nIIev]-\-bpsS s]mcp-fn-Xm-Wv.

h¿jm-h-km-\-Øn¬ Ipń-Iƒ amXrImhnZ-ym¿Yn-I-fmbn hmgvØ-s∏- -t∏mƒAh¿°v F¥mWv th≠sX∂v A—-\-Ω-am¿ Atßm´v tNmZn-°p-I-bmWvsNbvX-Xv. c£n-Xm-°-fpsS t{]m’m-l\]q¿W-amb kao-]\w Ipń-Isfhenb hnP-b-ß-fn-se-Øn-°p-sa-∂-Xns‚ kqN-\-bm-WnXv. kl-]m-Tn-Iƒ°vhoń¬h®v Hcp ]m¿ń -sIm-Sp-°-W-sa-∂mWv Ipń-Iƒ Bh-i-y-s∏- -Xv. kl-]m-Tn-IsfØpIbpw hońse F√m hnf-°p-Ifpw sXfnbn®v {]ImiPewHgp°nhnSpIbpw sNøp∂ ImgvN-bmWv IYm-¥y-Øn¬ ImWp-∂X.v shfn-bn-eqsS \S-∂p-t]mb Bƒ°m¿ Hcp hnkva-b-°mgvN I≠p. {]Im-i-PewHcp s]cp-a-g-t]mse s]bvXn-dßn sXcp-hmsI Hgp-Ip∂ ImgvN-bm-bn-cp-∂pAXv. hoSn-\p-≈nse tkm^bpw ]nbm-t\mbpw sSen-hn-j≥ sk‰pw h¿Wa’-y-ß-fp-sa√mw Hgp-Ip∂ D{K-{]-Im-i-Øns‚ {]f-bØn¬ Poh-t\msS Ah-ti-jn-®Xv a’-y-ßƒ am{X-am-Wv. a’y-Øns‚ ssPh-amb CS-am-Wt√mPew. Ipń-I-sf√mw apßn ad™p Ign™p. tSmt´m h≈-Øn¬ hnf-°p-amSw tXSn-t∏m-Ip-∂-Xmbpw h≈-Øns‚ Aa-c-Øn-cp∂ tPmh¬ ]Sn-™m-d≥\£{Xw tXSn-t∏m-Ip∂Xmbpw ImWp∂p. \Zntbm IStem C√mØ

ebmfw

74 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

{]hm-k-Øns‚ {]iv\-ßƒ

$ Un. hn\b-N-{μs‚ "hoń-te-°p≈ hgn' F∂ Ihn-X-bnse Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ hcn-Iƒ A[-ym-]nI ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

""hoń-se-s°∂p t]mIp-∂p, tNmZn-°p∂pIq´p-Im¿, Iq´p-In-S-°p∂ ]pkvX-I˛°q´-ßƒ, CØncn ap‰ØvRm≥ \´p t\m‰p ]qhn´ ssXap√]Sn-hm-Xn-tem-fw ]d∂p ad-bp∂sIm®-cn-{]mhv, Ie-≠-dn¬Nq´p-I-Øn®p InS-°p-a-h[n-Iƒ''

Cu hcn-I-fn¬ sXfnbp∂ `mh-sa¥v? s]mXp-N¿® hoń¬\n∂v A\-y-cmbn t]mIp∂ Ah-ÿ. Iq´p-Imcpw Iq´pIn-S-°p∂ ]pkvX-I-ßfpw Ah-[n-Ifpw hoń¬ \n∂-

\-y-ambn as‰m-cn-S-Øm-bn-t∏mb Ihn-bpsS Acn-In-ep≠vv. Ch-sb√mwIhnsb hoń-te-°p Xncn®p t]mIm≥ t{]cn∏n-°p-∂p.

]pXnb Xma-k-ÿ-esØ CØn-cn-ap‰w Xs‚ \mń-se- hn-im-e-ambho´p-ap-‰-Øns‚ \jvSw Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂p.

]qhn- - ssX-ap-√bpw ]Sn-hm-Xn-temfw h∂p-a-d-bp∂ sIm®-cn-{]mhpwhoń-te-°p≈ t]m°ns\ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂p.

Xs‚ CSw \jvS-s∏ v as‰m-cn-S-Øm-b-hs‚ thZ\; AXm-bXv {]hmknA\p- -hn-°p∂ {]iv\-ßfpw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

am{UnUv \Kcw Ct∏mƒ {]Im-i-Øn¬ Xpg™p \S-°p-I-bm-Wv. bYm¿Y-Øn¬am{Un-Uns\ ImSvPn-s\-bm°n am‰p-I-bmWv Ipń-Iƒ. vfm‰n-\p-≈n¬ am{Xw krjvSn-°-s∏´ Ah-cpsS `mh-\m-temIw hnim-e-amb CS-ß-fn-te°v hnI-kn-°p-I-bm-Wv.imkv{X-Øns‚ ap∂n¬ Abp-‡n-I-amb Cu kXyw `mh-\-bpsS am{¥n-I-X-bn¬bmYm¿Yy-ambn amdp-∂p. \jvS-s∏´ ImSvvPn-s\sb am{¥nIIev]-\-bpsS t]io_-e-Øn¬ Ipń-Iƒ Xncn®p ]nSn-°p-∂n-S-ØmWv am¿sIzkv IY Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

IY-bn-te°v

CX-c-`m-j-I-fnse \mgn-I-°-√p-I-fmb cN-\-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-tS-≠Xv Hcp hy-‡n-bpsS kuμ-c--y-t_m-[-hn-Im-k-Øn\v A\n-hm-c-y-am-Wv. temIw BZ-c-thmsS kvt\ln®Fgp-Øp-Im-c-\mWv K{_n-tb¬ Km¿knb am¿sI-z-kv; ae-bmfn kz¥w Fgp-Øp-Im-c-\mbn kvt\ln® Kmt_m. -am-Pn-°¬ dnb-en-k-sa∂ Bhn-jvIm-c-X-{¥sØ em‰n-\-ta-cn-°≥ kmln-X-y-Øns‚ Bflm-hn¬ {]Xn-jvTn® Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥. tIc-f-ob]mc-º-c-y-Øns‚ hnhn[ CS-ß-fn¬ \mw tI´, ]cn-N-bn® sFXn-l-y-ßfpw hni-zm-k-ßfpwFhn-sS-sbms°tbm am¿sI-z-kns‚ cN-\-I-fn¬ \mw bmYm¿Y-y-ambn A\p- -hn-°p-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠m-Imw, am¿sI-z-kn-t\mSv \ap°v C{X-b-[nIw aa-X. amPn-°¬ dnb-en-k-sa∂ ]pXp-a-bp≈ BJ-ym\coXn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂-tXm-sSm∏w Ipń-I-fpsS hy-‡n-Xzcq]o-I-c-W-hp-abn _‘-s∏´ \nco-£-W-ßƒ IqSn Cu IY Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. Cu IY-bpsS am{¥n-I-X-bn-te°v \ap°v {]th-in-°mw. IY hmbn-°m≥\n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p.

]{¥≠v

Fgp-ØIw 75

$ am¿sI-z-kns‚ "{]Imiw Pew t]mse-bmWv' F∂ IY-bnse Hcp hcn-bn-te°vA[-ym-]n-I- Ip- n-I-fpsS {i≤ £Wn°p∂p.

"ImSvPns\ C¥-ym-knse Ah-cpsS hoSn\v Hcp ap‰hpw Dƒ°-S-en-t\mSv tN¿∂vt_m´p-I-f-Sp-∏n-°m-\p≈ ÿe-hp-ap-≠m-bncp∂p.'

Cusbmcp hmIyw Db¿Øp∂ {]iv\-sa-¥mWv? s]mXp-N¿®.

-Xpd-apJ\K-c-Øn¬\n∂v bqtdm-]y≥ ]cn-jvIrX\K-c-Øn-te°v ]dn®vam‰-s∏- -hs‚ kw{ -ahpw thZ-\-bpw. am¿sI-zkv Xs‚ IY-bn¬ {]hm-k-Ønt‚Xmb thZ-\bpw AXn¬\n∂p≈ tamN-\hpw Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. IY AXnkq£va-ambn ho≠pw hmbn®v C°m-c-y-ßƒ\ap°v A]-{K-Yn-°mw.

$ Ipń-Isf {Kq∏p-I-fm-°p-∂p. N¿®bpw Ah-X-c-Whpw.

]mTm-]-{K-Y-\-Øn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-® {]k-‡-- mKw t{ImUo-I-c-W-Øn\v{]tbm-P-\-s∏-SptØ≠-Xm-Wv.

N¿®-°p-dn∏v

$ ""`mhn-bn¬ \nßƒ Bcm-bn-Øo-cm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂p.''

-A-[-ym-]n-I Cu tNmZyw ¢mkn¬ s]mXp-hmbn D∂-bn-°p∂p. DØcw Ipń-IƒIpdn-°-s´. Nne Ipń-Iƒ CXv ¢mkn¬ ]d-bp-∂p.

$ Cu B{Klw cq]-s∏- -Xn¬ \nß-fpsS amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsStbm a‰m-cp-sS-sb-¶n-eptam kzm[o\w D≠m-bn- pt≠m? Ipń-I-fpsS Icn-b¿ Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂-sX-s¥ms°? amXm-]n-Xm-°fpsS am¿K-\n¿tZiw F{X-tØmfw klm-b-I-am-hp-∂p≠v? C°m-c-y-Øn¬ ¢mkn¬ Hcp kwhmZw kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p.

$ Ipń-Iƒ c≠p {Kq∏p-I-fmhp∂p.

$ Ipń-Iƒ mhn kzbw Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂p.

$ Ipń-I-fpsS mhn c£n-Xm-°ƒ Xocp-am-\n-°p∂p.

$ kwhmZw tamU-td-‰¿ A[-ym-]nI Bbn-cn-°-Ww.

Ipń-I-fpsS bYm¿Y A`n-cpNn c£n-Xm°ƒ Xncn-®-dn-tb-≠-Xp-≠v.km[y-X-Ifpw ]cn-an-Xn-Ifpw t_m[-y-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

DNnX kμ¿`-ß-fn¬ CS-s]´v B¥-cnI A`n-t{]c-W-Iƒ (Intrinsicmotivation) cq]-s∏-SpØn Ipń-Isf t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°-Ww.

Ipń-I-fpsS `mhn cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn¬ c£n-Xm-°ƒ kz¥w B{K-l-ßƒ ASn-t®¬∏n-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I.

ebmfw

76 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

a’cm[n-jvTn-Xhpw em`m-[n-jvTn-X-hp-amb temI-Øn¬ aqe-y-t_m-[-tØmsS hf-cm≥ t{]cn-∏n-°p-I.

$ Ipń-I-fpsS A`n-cpNn Xncn-®dnbp-∂-Xnepw mh-\m-fl-I-amb PohnXw Icp-∏n-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xnepw apXn¿∂-h¿ hln-°p∂ ]¶n-s\-°p-dn®v am¿sI-z-kns‚ IY-bnsekμ¿ -ßƒ (hy-‡n-K-X-ambn) Is≠-Øm≥ \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p. aqt∂m \mtem Ah-X-c-W-ßƒ.

]mTm-]-{K-Y\w {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn A[-ym-]nI t{ImUo-I-cn-°Ww.

amPn-°¬ dnb-enkw

$ amPn-°¬ dnb-en-k-sØ-°p-dn®v ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øn-ep≈ Ipdn∏v Ipń-I-fpsS {i≤-bn¬s∏-SpØmw. Ipń-Iƒ hmbn-°p-∂p.

$ km[m-cW mh-\bpw CXn-lmkIY-Ifpw amPn-°¬ dnb-en-khpw XΩn-ep≈ hy-X-ym-k-sa¥v? s]mXp-N¿®.

$ ct≠m aqt∂m Ah-X-c-W-ßƒ.

Hcp A\n-ta-j≥ Nn{X-Øn¬ IpXn-c-bpsS apJ-ap≈ Hcp a\p-jys\ \ap°vkrjvSn-°mw. CsXmcp km[m-cW mh-\-am-{X-am-Wv. ChnsS B mh-\-bpsSkuμ-c-y-amWv \mw Bk-z-Zn-°p-∂-Xv. CXv amPn-°¬ dnb-en-k-a-√. ]Øp- X-e-bp≈ cmh-W\pw CXn\p ka-am-Wv. sIm√-s∏´ aIs‚ c‡w sXcp-hp-tXmdpw Hgp-In- Ah-km-\-aXv AI-se-bp≈ hoń-\p-≈n¬ \n∂ AΩ-bpsSImep-I-fn-te°v HgpInsbØn-sb∂v am¿sI-zkv Hcp cN-\-bn¬ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. c‡-kv]¿i-ta-‰-t∏mƒ Xs‚ aI≥ acn-®p-sh∂v AΩbv°v t_m[-y-am-Ip-∂p. ChnsS am{¥nI`mh-\-bp-s≠∂v Xo¿®. AXp-am-{X-a√ D≈-Xv. AΩbpwaI\pw XΩn-ep≈ Bfl-_-‘-Øns‚ Bgw F∂ bmYm¿Yyhpw Chn-sS-bp-≠v. Cu bmYm¿YysØ Xo{h-ambn A\p- -hn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\p th≠n-bmWv sXcp-hn-eqsS c‡w HgpIn AΩ-bpsS Imen¬ sXm´p-sh∂ am{¥n-I-I¬∏\am¿sIzkv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

$ s{]m^. Fw. IrjvW≥\mb-cpsS teJ\`mKw IqSn {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

amPn-°¬ dnb-enkw

1982 ¬ kmln-Xy-Øn-\p≈ t\m_¬k-Ωm\w t\Snb em‰n-\-ta-cn-°≥ t\mh-enÃv

Km¿knb am¿sIz-kn-t\mSv t¢mZn-b-t{Z-^kv tNmZn®p: ""at\m-c-Y-kr-jvSnbpw (Fan-tasy) {]Xo-tIm-]m-Jym-\hpw (Myth) ssZ\w-Zn\ bmYm¿Yy-tØmSv k¶-e\w sNbvX

amPnIv dnb-enk coXn-bn-emWv Xm¶ƒ Fgp-Xp-∂-Xv. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v Hcp ]mXncn

tNmt¢‰v Ign-°p-tºmƒ Hcp Xmßp-an-√msX BIm-i-tØ°v Db-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v

Xm¶-fpsS t\mh-ep-Iƒ°v \nXy-Po-hn-X-tØmSv F{X _‘-aps≠∂v tNmZn-®p-sIm≠v

\ap°v (Cu IqSn-°m-gvN) Bcw-`n-°mw.'' am¿sIzkv adp-]Sn \¬In: ""Fs‚ F√m

{KŸ-ß-fnepwh®v "GIm-¥-X-bpsS \qdp-h¿j'ßfn¬ Hmtcm hcnbpw bmYm¿Yy-tØmSv

_‘-s∏-´mWv XpS-ßp-∂-Xv. hmb-\-°m¿ kXyw \√-Xp-t]mse a\- n-em-°-t´-sb∂p

IcpXn Rm\-h¿°p hn]p-eo-I-c-W-Z¿∏Ww (Magnifying glass) \¬Ip-I-bm-Wv. Rms\m-

cp-Zm-l-cWw Xc-s´.

]{¥≠v

Fgp-ØIw 77

Ftd≥Und (Innocent Erendira) F∂ sNdp-I-Ybn¬ Deo-k v F∂ IYm-

]m{Xw •mkv sXmSp∂ kμ¿`-ß-fn-se√mw AXns‚ \ndw amdp-∂p-≠v. AXp

kXy-am-Im≥ Xc-an-√-t√m. F∂m¬ kvt\l-sØ-°p-dn®v hf-sc-tbsd ]d-

™pIgn™-Xp-sIm≠v Cu _me≥ kvt\l-Øn¬s∏ń-cn-°-bm-sW∂p sXfn-

bn-°m≥ F\n°p \qX-\-amb Bhn-jvIm-c-coXn I≠p]n-Sn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

AXn-\m¬ •mkns‚ \nd-ßƒ Rm≥ am‰n-s°m-t≠-bn-cn-°p-∂p. IqSmsX

Ahs‚ AΩ-sb-s°m≠v Cßs\ ]d-bn -°p -Ibpw sNbvXp˛

""kvt\lwsIm≠v am{X-amWv Ah kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xv. .... BcXv?'' kvt\l-

sØ-°p-dn®v apºv Ft∏mgpw ]d-™n-´p-≈-Xn-s\-Øs∂ thsdm-cp-hn-[-Øn¬

]d-bp-∂-XmWv Fs‚ am¿Kw. AsX-ßs\ Pohn-XsØ XInSw adn-°p-∂p-

sh-∂v, AsXßs\ F√m-‰n-s\bpw XInSw adn-°p-∂p-sh-∂v.''

IqSn-°mgvN \S-Ønb kv{Xo ho≠pw tNmZn-°p-I-bp-≠mbn: ""Ign™ Ccp-

]Xv h¿j-ambn em‰n-\-ta-cn-°-bn¬\n∂v amPnIv dnb-enÃv t\mh-ep-I-fpsS

kvt^mS\w Rßƒ ImWp-I-bm-Wv. kXyhpw AXnkXyhpw (Surreal) A\n-

b-{¥n-X-ambn Iqń-°-e¿Øp∂Xn\mbn em‰n-\-ta-cn-°≥ Fgp-Øp-Imsc t{]cn-

∏n-°p-∂-sX-¥mWv?''

am¿sIzkv adp-]Sn ]d-™p: ""em‰n-\-ta-cn-°≥ ]cn-X-ÿn-Xn- AXy-Zv`p-X-

I-c-am-sW-∂Xp kv]jvSw. hntijn®pw Ico-_n-b≥.- sIm-fw_nb-bpsS Ico-

_n-b≥ `mK-Øp-\n-∂mWv Rm≥ hcp-∂-Xv. AXv hnNn-{X-amb ÿe-am-Wv.

]¿h-X-{]-tZ-i-amb A≥Uo-b¬ {]tZiØp-\n∂v AXp XnI®pw hn`n-∂-am-

Wv. sImfw_nb≥ Ncn-{X-Ønse A[n-\n-th-i-Im-e-b-f-hn¬ am\y-cmbn kzbw

Icp-Xn-b-h-sc√mw Dƒ\m-ń-te°p t]mbn. IS¬Øo-cØv Ah-ti-jn-®-h¿

sIm≈-°m¿ am{Xw. \√ A¿Y-Øn¬ sIm≈-°m¿. ]ns∂ \¿Ø-Icpw kml-

kn-Icpw D√m-k-am¿∂-h-cpw. kap-{Z-Xo-cØp≈h¿ IS¬s°m-≈-°m-cp-sSbpw

I≈-°-S-Øp-Im-cp-sSbpw Xp-S¿®-°m-cm-bn-cp-∂p. IdpØ ASn-a-I-fpsS Ie¿∏p-

ap-≠v. Cß-s\-sbmcp ]cn-X-ÿn-Xn-bn¬ hf¿∂phcn-I-sb∂p ]d-™m¬ Ihn-

X-sb-°p-dn®v hnNn-{X-ß-fmb hn`-h-tI-{μ-ßƒ D≠m-hp-Isb∂m-W¿Yw.

IqSmsX Ico-_n-bbn¬ F¥p hniz-kn-°p-hm\pw Rßƒ°p Ign-bpambn-

cp∂p, ImcWw hn`n-∂-ß-fmb F√m kwkvIm-c-ß-fp-sSbpw kzm[o-\-i‡n

Rß-fn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂-Xm-Wv. Ah-tbmSp ItØm-en-°m-a-Xhpw Xt±-i-

hn-izm-kßfpw Ie¿∂n-cp-∂p F∂Xpw. {]Xy-£-kXy-Øn\v A∏p-dØv

t\m°p-hm-\p≈ lrZ-b-hn-im-eX AXp Rßƒ°p X∂p-sh-∂mWv Fs‚

hnNmcw. Ac°-‰-°-bnse Hcp Ico-_n-b≥ {Kma-Øn¬ hf¿∂p-h∂ inip-

sh∂ \ne-bn¬ Itk-c-Isf t\m´w sIm≠p-am{Xw Ne\w sIm≈n-°p∂

Bfp-I-fpsS AZv`p-X-I-c-ßfmb IY-Iƒ Rm≥ tIƒ°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. ]ip-

°-fpsS tcmK-ßƒ t`Z-am-°m-\mbn Ah-bpsS apºn¬\n∂v hnc-Isf C√m-

Xm-°p∂ Hcmfp≠m-bn-cp-∂p Ac-°-‰-°-bn¬. Abmƒ ]ip-hns‚ apºn¬

\n¬°pw. hnc-Iƒ ]ip-hns‚ Xe-bn-eqsS ]pd-Øp-h-cm≥ XpS-ßpw. Rm\Xv

Hcn-°¬ I≠p F∂Xp kXy-am-Wv. kv{Xo ho≠pw tNmZn®p: ""Xm¶ƒ Fß-

s\-bmWv CXn\v kam-[m\w \¬Ip-∂Xv.'' am¿sIz-kns‚ adp-]Sn : ""lm,

F\n-°-Xn\v kam-[m\w \¬Im≥ Ign-bp-sa-¶n¬ CXv Rm≥ `h-Xn-tbmSv

ebmfw

78 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

]d-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. iniphmbncn-°p∂ ImeØv AsX\n°vv AZv`p-X-I-c-ambn

tXm∂n. C∂pw AXv AZv`p-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.''

amPn-°¬ dnb-en-k-Øns‚ DZvtLmjI\mb am¿sIzkv Xs∂ AsX-¥m-

sW∂p kv]jvS-ambn {]Xn-]m-Zn-®-Xp-sIm≠v hnti-jn-s®mcp hni-Zo-I-cWw

IqSntb Xocq F∂n-√. F¶nepw em‰n-\-ta-cn-°≥ kmln-Xy-Ønse hn-ti-j-X-

bmbn sIm≠m-S-s∏-Sp∂ Cu {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ DZv`-hhpw hnIm-khpw ]cn-K-W-

\m¿l-ß-fm-sW∂p hnNm-cn-°p-∂p. m‚-kn-bp-sSbpw am{¥n-I-XbpsSbpw AZv p-

X-Øn-s‚bpw A¥-co-£-Øn¬ Kuc-h-]q¿W-ß-fmb hnj-b-ßsf \nth-i\w

sNøp-I, AXn\p Imtam-’p-IXzw sIm≠v \nd-ta-‰p-I. CXmWv amPn-°¬ dn-b-

en-kw. CXp em‰n-\-ta-cn-°≥ kmln-Xy-Øn¬ am{Xta Zriy-am-Ip-∂p-≈q. -

km¶¬∏n-Ihpw A√m-ØXpw XΩn-ep≈ hyXymkw ChnsS t\¿Øp t\¿Øv

C√m-Xm-hp-∂p. hmb-\-°m-c≥ c≠pw H∂msW∂p IcpXn kXy-Øn-te-°√, AXn-

k-Xy-Øn-te°v, alm-k-Xy-Øn-te°p (Greater reality) {]th-in-°p-∂p.

- Fw. IrjvW≥\m-b¿ (am-Pn-°¬ dnb-en-kw)

$ amPn-°¬ dnb-enkw {]X-y-£-s∏-Sp∂ IYmkμ¿ -ßƒ hy-‡n-K-X-ambn Ipń-IƒIs≠-Ø-s´.

$ c≠v aq∂v Ipń-Iƒ Ah Ah-X-cn-∏n-°s´.

{]Im-i-P-e-Øn¬ h≈w Xpg-bp-∂Xv.

{]Im-i-P-e-Øn¬ apßn-Ø-∏p-∂Xv.

am{UnUv \K-c-am-sI {]Im-iPew sIm≠v \nd-bp-∂-Xv.

$ Cu am{¥nI`mh\ GXp bmYm¿YysØ BhnjvIcn-°m-\mWv am¿sI-zkv {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv. Ipń-Iƒ hnhn[ {Kq∏p-I-fmbn Xncn™v C°m-cyw N¿® sNø-s .

]mTm-]-{K-Y\w {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn t{ImUoI-cn-°p-I.

Ihn-Xm-hn-h¿Ø\w

$ ""It is not far away dearIt, away from three finger tipNot need days or timeSaw fire in the third eyeIt's the fire eye of sky father.''

Cu Imh-y- mKw hnh¿Ø\w sNøm≥ Ipń-I-tfmSv ]dbp∂p.

$ CXv Ipń-Iƒ hy-‡n-K-X-ambn sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv. aqt∂m \mtem Ah-X-c-W-ßƒ.H∂n-te-sd-t∏¿ IhnXmhnh¿Ø\w \S-Øn-b-t∏mƒ hy-XykvX IhnXIfmWv\ap°v Inń -bXv. GsX√mw LS-I-ß-fn -emWv Ch hy-Xym-k-s∏-´-X?s]mXpN¿®. ]Z-Xew ]mZ-Xew Xmfw `mhw

]{¥≠v

Fgp-ØIw 79

$ CsXmcp ae-bmf Ihn-X-bpsS ]cn- m-j-bm-sW∂v A[-ym-]nI hy-‡-am-°p∂p.

$ hn.]n. j◊pJØns‚ Ihn-X-bpsS Hcp -`mKw Cw•ojn¬\n∂p hnh¿Ø\wsNbvX-XmWv. ae-bmf Imh-y- mKw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

""Zqsc-b-s√So ssIsb-Øp-hm-\n\naqt∂-aq∂p hnc¬∏mSv\mfp-ths≠So \mgnIths≠Soaq∂mw IÆn¬ I\-ep-I-t≠am\-Ø-∏s‚ Xo°-Æv.''

$ hnh¿Ø\w k¿K{]h¿Ø-\-am-sW∂v A[-ym-]nI hy-‡-am-°p-∂p. hnh¿Ø\wsNøp-∂-bm-fpsS kmlnXyt_m[hpw kuμ-c-y-io-ehpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-t_m-[hpwhnh¿Ø-\-Øns‚ kz- m-hsØ kzm-[o-\n-°p-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Ipń-Iƒ \S-Ønb hnh¿Ø-\-ßƒ hy-X-y-kvX-am-b-Xv, hn.]n. j◊p-J-Øns‚ IhnXbpambnAhbv°v _‘-an-√m-Xm-b-Xv. ]Ztam ]mZtam A√, IhnX \ΩpsS D≈n-ep-≠m-°nb ]mT-amWv hnh¿Ø\w sNtø-≠-Xv.

$ ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ tdm_¿´v t{^mÃns‚ Hcp Imh-y-`mKw F≥.-hn. -Ir-jvW-hmcycpw IS-Ω-\n-´bpw hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXXvv \¬In-bn-´p-≠v. Ch¿ kzo-I-cn®`mjm-]-chpw mh-]-c-hp-amb khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Xmc-X-ayw sNøm≥ A[-ym-]nI \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p. hnhn[ {Kq∏p-I-fmbn Ipń-Iƒ Cu {]h¿Ø\w \S-Ø-Ww.

N¿®mkqN\-Iƒ

♦ ]Zw♦ ]mZw♦ `mh-Xew

$ kwL-N¿®, Ah-X-cWw

F≥.hnbpsS ]Z-ßƒ Imev]-\nIkz-`m-h-ap-≈-h-bm-Wv. IS-Ω-\n-´-bp-tS-Xm-hs´, Xmfm-fl-I-X-bpsS Xo{hkuμ-cyw hln-°p-∂-hbpw.

]mZ-X-e-Øn¬ F≥.-hn-bpsS hnh¿Ø\w {Zmhn-U-O-μ- ns‚ kuμ-c-y-apƒs°m-≈p-tºmƒ IS-Ω-\n´bpsS hnh¿Ø\w ]©Nm-achrØ-Øns‚ Otμm-Xm-f-apƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xm-Wv.

IS-Ω-\n- -bpsS hnh¿Ø-\-Øn¬ hnIm-c-Xo-{hX ap‰n\n¬°p-∂p. Ccp-≠-Km-[-amb alm-h\w F∂ {]tbm-K-Øn¬ Im\\\oen-a-bpsSAKm[kuμ-c-y-ap-≠v. F≥.-hn-bpsS hnh¿Ø-\-Øn-em-Is´, apdn™phogp∂ KZ-yØns‚ NSp-e-Xm-f-hpw.

ebmfw

80 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

A\y-`m-jm-]-Z-ßƒ Is≠Ømw

$ "tlmkv]n-‰-en¬ AUvan‰v sNbvX tcmKn-bpsS _‘p ^nkn-j-y-t\mSv tcmK-hn-hcw At\-z-jn-®p. adp-]Sn tI´v sS≥j-\n¬ \n∂ Abmƒ kq{]-≠ns‚ apdn-bn¬ \n∂v du≠vkn\p h∂ \gvkn-t\mSv Xs‚ k¶Sw ]d™p' Cu hmIyßƒA[-ym-]nI t_m¿Un¬ Fgp-Xp-∂p. CXnse A\-y-`m-jm-]-Z-ßƒ Is≠Øn]ń-I-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ipń-I-tfmSv ]d-bp-∂p.

$ ct≠m aqt∂m Ipń-Iƒ ]Z-ßƒ hmbn-°p-∂p. Cu ]Z-ßƒ GXv `mj-bn¬\n∂mWv FSp-ØXv F∂v A[-ym-]-nI tNmZn-°p-∂p.

$ Cw•o-jn¬\n∂v F∂m¬ Ah ae-bm-f-]Z-am-bn-Ø-s∂-bmWv \mw {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂X.v CXns‚ Imc-W-sa-¥mWv? s]mXpN¿®.

A\-y- m-j-I-fn¬\n∂v ]e-hn-[-Øn¬ \mw ]Z-ßƒ kzo-I-cn-°m-dp-≠v. X’-a-co-Xn-bn¬, X¤-h-co-Xn-bn¬......

A\-y- m-jm-]-Z-ßƒ \ΩpsS mjmLS-\-bnte°p hcp-tºmƒ Ah-bn¬ \ΩpsS`mj-bnse {]X-y-b-ßƒ tN¿Øv cq]w am‰mw.

]Z-a√, {]X-y-b-amWv mj-bpsS ImX¬, mjm-L-S-\-bmWv apJ-yw.

Nn{Xw hymJym-\n°mw

Ihn-X-bpw IY-bpw t]mse kn\n-abpw kwKo-Xhpw inev]hpwt]mse, Bk-z-Zn-t°-≠p-∂, \ncq-]Ww \S-tØ-≠p∂ Ie-bmWv Nn{X-I-e-bpw. hen-sbmcp Nn{X-Iem ]mc-º-cyw \ap-°p-≠v; Kplm-Nn-{X-ß-fn-em-cw- n®v Nph¿Nn-{X-ß-fn-eqsSbpw If-sa-gp-Øn-eq-sSbpw hf¿∂v]pXp-co-Xn-bn¬ FØn\n¬°p∂ Hcp henb Iem-]m-c-ºcyw. kmln-Xyw t]mse Nn{X-I-eb-pw ]e hym-J-ym-\-ßƒ°pw CS-\¬Ipw.Nn{X-Im-c≥ hcbpw h¿W-ßfpw sIms≠-gp-Xnb cN-\-I-fn¬ ]eBi-b-ßfpw ad™n-cn-°p-∂p-≠mIpw.

$ B[p-\nI Nn{X-I-e-bnse {it≤-b-\mb Iem-Im-c-\mWv km¬htZm¿ Zmen.t_mIvkn¬ \¬In-bn-´p≈ Ipdn-∏p-IqSn {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn A[-ym-]n-I-bpsSBap-J-Øn-\p-tijw ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Ønse sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ Nn{Xw ]cn-tim-[n°mw.

km¬h-tZm¿ Zmen (1904-˛1989)

Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠nse G‰hpw {]ap-J- Nn{X-Im-c-∑m-cn-sem-cm-fmWv km¬h-

tZm¿ Zmen. 1904 sabv ]-Xn-s\m-∂n\v kvs]bn-\nse ^nKp-dm-kn¬ P\n®p.

Bdmw hb- n¬ (1910 ¬) BZysØ s]bn‚nMv sNbvXpsIm≠v Zmen X\n°v

Nn{X-I-e-bn-ep≈ Xm¬∏cyw {]I-Sn-∏n-®p. 1921 ¬ km¬h-tZm¿ Zmensb

am{UnUv ss^≥ B¿Svkv kvIqfn¬ tN¿Øp. CXn\IwXs∂ Zmen At\Iw

s]bn‚n-Mp-Iƒ sNøp-Ibpw c≠p ]pc-kvIm-c-ßƒ t\Sp-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. 1929

]{¥≠v

Fgp-ØIw 81

¬ k¿dn-b-enÃv {]ÿm-\-Øn\v hyXy-kvX-amb Znim-t_m[w \¬Inb

Zmen Xs‚ hnNn-{X-amb s]cp-am-‰hpw {`m¥ns\ \ymbo-I-cn-°p∂ kn≤m-

¥-ß-fp-ambn Bkzm-Z-I-k-aq-l-Øns‚ {i≤-bm-I¿jn-®p. \njvI-f-¶-cq-

]-ß-fpsS ]nd-In¬ Hfn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv {`m¥≥ kn≤m-¥-ß-fmsW∂m-bn-

cp∂p Zmen-bpsS Is≠-Ø¬. ]c-t\m-bn-bmIv {Inń-°¬ satØUv

(Paranoiac Critical Method) F∂ cN-\m-k-t¶-X-ap-]-tbm-Kn®mWv Zmen

Xs‚ G‰hpw hnPbw hcn® Nn{X-ß-sf-gp-Xn-b-Xv. t{^mbn-Uns‚ "kz]v\-

ßsf°pdn-®p≈ hymJym\w' (Interpretation of dreams) Zmen-bpsS k¿d-

nb-enÃv cN-\-Isf kzm[o-\n® IrXn-bm-Wv. h\y-amb kz]v\-ßƒ-°v

Pohn-X-Øn¬ henb {]k-‡nbpw kzm[o-\hpaps≠∂v Zmen cN-\-I-fn-

eqsS sXfn-bn-®p. k¿dn-b-en-k-Øns‚ BNm-cy-ÿm-\-ØmWv Zmen-bpsS

ÿm\-sa-¶nepw 1938 ¬ At±lw ¢mkn-knk-Øn-te°p Xncn-™p. Zmen-

bpsS Nn{Xßƒ t]mseXs∂ hmKv[m-Sn-bp-≈-h-bm-bn-cp∂p At±l-

Øns‚ kn≤m-¥-ßfpw. 1984 ¬ InS-∏p-ap-dn-bn-ep-≠mb Xo∏n-Sn-Ø-Øn¬

kmc-ambn s]m≈-te‰ Zmen ]n∂oSv XnI®pw H‰-s∏´ Pohn-X-amWv \bn-

®-Xv. 1989 P\p-hcn 23 \v lrZ-bm-Lm-X-Øm¬ Zmen F∂ hn{àm-fl-I-Nn-

{XImcs‚ Pohn-XØn\v Xnc-»oe hoWp.

$ hy-‡n-K-X-amb \nco-£-W-ßƒIpdn-°p-∂p.

$ Ipń-Isf Nn{X-Im-c-∑m-cpsS t]cp-Iƒ \¬In ]e {Kq∏p-I-fm-°p-∂p.

$ hy-‡n-K-X-ambn Xbm-dm-°nb \nco-j-W-ßƒ {Kq∏n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n®vsa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

$ Hmtcm {Kq∏pw Ah Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂p.

k¿dn-b-en-k-Øns‚ DØ-a-am-Xr-I-bmWv Cu Nn{Xw.

hkvXp-hns‚ cq]-Øn¬ LS-\m-]-c-amb s]mfn-s®-gpØv \S-Øp∂p.

kmam-\y-t_m-[-Øn-\-∏p-d-ap≈AXn-bm-Ym¿Yy-Øns‚ Xe-Øn-te°v Db-cp∂ Nn{X-c-N-\m-coXn.

CXnse LSn-Imcw aq¿Ø-amb Hcp cq]-a-√. LSn-Im-csØ AXns‚ ]Xnhp cq]-hn-Xm-\-Øn¬ \n∂v am‰n Nn{Xo-

I-cn-®ncn°p-∂p. kabw, ]cn-an-X-amb Hcp hrØ-Øn-\-IØp am{Xw _m[-I-am-Ip∂

H∂-√. AXn\v Hcp N -°q-Sns‚bpw Bh-i-y-an-√.

k¿dn-b-enkw

ap≥[m-c-W-sbbpw bp‡n-sbbpw Dt]-

£n-®p -sIm≠v D]-t_m-[-X-esØ

Nn{Xo-I-cn-°m-\p-t±-in-®p-≈ Iem-{]-ÿm-

\w. {]Xo-I-ß-fn-eqsS D]-t_m-[-a-\-

ns‚ hym]m-c-ßsf Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-

∂p. ]c-kv]-c-hn-cp-≤-ß-fmb {]Xo-I-

ßsf Iqń-t®¿°p-tºmƒ kmam-\y-

_p≤n ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp≈ A¿Y-

ßƒ°v hyXn-bm\w kw`-hn-°p-∂p.

˛B¿. cho-{μ-\mYv

(Nn-{X-Ie Hcp ka{K]T-\w)

ebmfw

82 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

B[p-\nI ae-bm-f-I-hn-I-fn¬ auen-I-am-sbmcp kuμ-cy-k-¶ev]wkrjvSn® Ihn-bmWv IS-Ω-\n´ cma-Ir-jvW≥. tIc-f-Ønse X\XvcwK-I-em-]m-c-ºcyhpw hmsam-gn-h-g-°-Øns‚ coXn-t`-Zßfpw kq£va-ambn kzmwio-I-cn-°m≥ IS-Ω-\n-´-bpsS Ihn-X-Iƒ°v Ign-™n-´p-≠v.]S-bWn Bim-\mb IS-Ω-\n´ cma≥\m-b-cpsS aI-\mWv Ihn.cma≥\mb¿ IS-Ω-\n-´sb ]S-bWn ]Tn∏n-®n-√. ]S-bWn F∂ a[y-Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iqdnse A\p-jvTm-\-I-em-cq]w A`y-kn-°msX AXns‚\mtSmSnkwkvImcioe-ßfn¬ A`n-c-an-°p-I-bmWv IS-Ω-\n´ sNbvX-Xv.]n∂oSv sI.-kn.-F-kv. ]Wn-°cpw ]fln-\nbpaS-°-ap≈ Nn{X-Im-c≥am-cmbIem-{]-Xn- -I-fp-am-bp≈ kº¿°w, Fw.-tKm-hn-μ\pw Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°-cp-a-S-°w B[p-\n-I-km-ln-Xy-Im-c≥am-cp-am-bp≈ kwhm-Z-ßƒ F∂nh IS-Ω-\n- -bpsS Imhy-{]-Xn- bv°v Icp-tØIn. ae-bm-f-Øns‚ ae-tbm-c-h-g-°-am¿s∂mcp Imhy-`m-h-\bpw Imhy-`m-jbpw Cu IhnbneqsS km£m-¬°-cn-°-s∏- p. ]pXp-Im-e-[¿Ω-k-¶-S-ßƒ°p≈ A -b-cq]w F∂ \ne-bn¬ AΩssZhk¶ev]w Bhn-jvI-cn-®Xv IS-Ω-\n- -°-hn-Xsb hyXn-cn-‡-am°n. aebpw ImSpw Ihn-X-bnse {]IrXn CS-ß-fm-hp-Ibpw Ah-bpsS \jvSw Ihn-X-bpsS `mh-]-cn-k-c-ß-fm-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. A®-Sn-tbmsS {]m[m-\yw \jvS-amb sNm√¬ ]mc-º-cyw Xncn-®p-]n-Sn-°p-∂-Xn¬IS-Ω-\n´ \S-Ønb Ihn-b-c-ßp-Iƒ°pw sN¬°m-gvN-I-ƒ°pw ]¶p≠v.]mc-º-cy-Øn¬ \n∂v AΩssZh-sØbpw Xmf-sØbpw tXm‰n-sb-Sp-Ø,\h-Im-e-Øns‚ Zpc-¥-ÿen-I-fn¬ InS∂v {]Xn-tj-[m-fl-I-ambn \odnbImhy-{]-]-©-amWv IS-Ω-\n- -bp-tS-Xv.

\m´m-fs‚ FXn¿{[p-h-amWv Im´m-f≥. ImSmsI Bfn\n¬°p-∂-h-\mWv Ah≥. Incm-X-hrØw F∂ IhnX s]‰pInS-°p∂ Hcp ]pen-bn¬ \n∂mWv Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xv, hm’-ey-Øn-s‚bpw kwc-£-W-Øn-s‚bpw h\-y-amb amXr-_nw-_-am-W-Xv. Im´m-fs‚ IÆn¬ Cu‰-∏p-en-bp≠v. Ip™ns‚ kwc-£-W-_m-[y-X-bp-≈-Xn-\m¬ cu{Z- m-h-a-Wn-bp∂Cu‰-∏p-en-bm-W-Xv. Im´m-fs‚ hf™ ]pcn-I-Øn¬ Icn-aq¿J-\p-≠v.k¿∏-tcm-j-tØmsS {]Xn-Im-c-Zwi-\-Øn\v shºp∂ Im´m-fs‚ `mh-amWv Cu hcn-I-fn¬ Ah-Xcn-∏n-°-p-∂-Xv. Xcn-im-°-s∏´ Xs‚ Bhmkhy-h-ÿ-bn¬ -s\©p\odn-\n¬°p∂ Im´m-f\v D≈n¬ AS-ßmØ ]I-bp-≠v. Np´p-Nm-º-em-°-s∏-Sp∂ h\-Øns‚ \Sp-hn¬ \ncm-[m-c-\mbn s\©Øv

kz-]v\-Øns‚bpw t^mt´m{Km- n-bp-sSbpw khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Iqń-bn-W-°p-∂p.

\jvS-s∏- p-t]mb P≥a-tZ-isØ (t]m¿ ven-K-‰v) Nn{X-Øn-eqsS hos≠-Sp-°m-\p≈ {iaw.

a\ p-sIm-≠p-t]-£n® ÿew Nn{X-Øn¬ hc-≠-Xmbn Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂p.

ac-s°m-ºn¬ Xq°n-bn´ LSn-Im-chpw \neØv ]c-s∂m-gp-Ip∂ LSn-Im-chpw ka-bkqN-I-Øns‚]cn-kc ssh]p-e-ysØ Hm¿an-∏n-°p-∂p.

1.3 Incm-X-hrØw

]{¥≠v

Fgp-ØIw 83

tcmj-Øns‚ ]¥hpw IpØn \n¬°p-∂Xv AXp-sIm-≠m-Wv. IS-Ω-\n-´°mhnse ]S-bWn A\p-jvTm-\-Øns‚ ]›m-Øe-Øn¬ am{Xta Cu{]Xn- mkw a\- n-em-°m-\m-hq. ]S-b-Wn-bpsS tImewXp≈-en¬ F√mtIme-ßƒ°pw tijw Hcp ip≤o-I-c-W-Øn-s\∂ t]mse {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂ ss`c-hn-t°m-e-Øn\pta¬ ]¥-ßƒ Xd®ph®n-cn-°pw. cu{Z-Øns‚--Xmb Cu ]S-b-Wn-∏-¥-amWv Im´m-f≥ Xs‚ s\©Øv IpØn-sh-®Xv.ChnsS ss`chnbpsS BflmwiamWv Im´m-f≥. ""X\n \mS≥ {]tbm-K-ß-fpsS Nqcpw NpWbpw hodpw Ie¿∂ \S-\-ap-{Z-tbm-sS-bmWv Incm-Xs‚{]thiw. AI-s\-©n¬ timIhpw ]pd-s\-©n¬ ]¥hpw IØp-tºmƒsshh-iy-Øn¬ Pzen-°p∂ t{Im[w''-F∂v Pn.-F≥. -]n≈ \nco-£n-°p-∂p-≠v. hoWp-t]m-b -Hcp tKm{Xw t]mse-bmWv Cu Im´m-f≥. IS-Ω-\n´bpsS Imhy-`m-jbpw mh-Øn-s\mØv Bfn-°-Øp-∂p-≠v. "\n¬∏q'-F∂ {]tbm-K-Ønse "D' Imc Zo¿Lw Xo\mf-Øns‚ Bf¬ [z\n-∏n°p∂p.

{]Ir-Xn-bn¬ a\p-jy-Po-hnXw Btcm-]n®psIm≠v "Incm-X-hrØw' NSp-e-am-hp-∂p. PU-am-bn-t∏m-Ip∂ aebpw BIm-ihpw I≠v Ie-ßp-Ibpw\Sp-ßp-IbpamWv Im´m-f≥. ae-tbm-c-Ø-g-°-ap≈ Xs‚ amXmhpw BIm-i-hn-kvXr-Xn-bp≈ ss]Xr-Ihpw ivaim-\-k-am-\-am-Ip-∂p. qan-bpsS ape-I-fmWv ae-Iƒ. hwi-]-c-º-c-bpsS thcm-Wt√m ape-Iƒ. ape-]m-Xn-ap-dn™ {]Ir-Xn-bpsS I\¬hnfn Nm´p-fn-bmbn Im´m-fs‚ s\©n¬ B™pXdbv°p∂p. tcmj-Øns‚ ]¥-tØm-sSm∏w k¶-S-Øns‚ I\¬\o-‰-ep-Ifpw Im´m-fs\ {]tIm-]n-∏n-°p-∂p. ChnsS IS-Ω-\n´ Im´m-fs\ c≠vD]-am-\-ß-fn-te°v hnI-kn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. "IW-tb‰ Icn-ºpen' F∂XvssZ\y-Øns‚bpw "Dcpƒs]m- nb amae' F∂Xv ]X-\-Øns‚bpw kqN-\I--fm-hp-∂p. Iog-S-°p∂ ssZ\y-sØbpw ]X-\-sØbpw cu{Z- m-hw-sIm≠vAXn-Po-hn-°p-I-bmWv Im´m-f≥. temI-am-k-Iew De-bv°p∂ Hc-e¿®-bmbn Im´m-f≥ amdp-∂p. {]f-b-Øn-eqsS Ic-bnse ama-c-ßƒ IS-]p-g-°n-sb-dn-bm-\p≈ tijn ImSn-\p-≠v. Ae-dm-\p≈ tijn IS-en-\p-≠v.ChnsS Im´m-f≥ IS-en\p aotX Ae-dp-Ibpw IS-ens‚ thcv ]dn-s®-Sp-°m≥ IpX-dp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. \jvS-s∏´ ssPhk¥p-en-X-X-zsØ -kwlm-c-mfl-I-ambn Xncn®p]nSn-°p∂, ip≤o-I-c-W-Øns‚ [mXp-_-e-ap-≈, ]S-b-Wn-bnse ss`c-hn-t°m-e-sØ A\p-kva-cn-∏n°p∂ DZv[rX-ho-cy-ap≈Im´m-f-s\-bmWv ChnsS {]I-S-am-°p-∂-Xv.

Akm-[m-c-W-amb Icp-Øn-te°p {]th-in® Im´m-f≥ s]mSp-∂s\as‰mcp mh-Øn-te°p ]Xn-°p-∂p. ag-\o-cns‚ D¿hc-X-bv°mbn ImØn-cn°p∂ thgm-º-ens‚ ssZ\y-am-bn-Øocp∂p Abmƒ. ""kvt\l-Øn\vZmln-°p∂ Bfl]oU\Nn”-amWv Im´m-f-'s\∂v k®n-Zm\-μ≥ \oco-£n-°p-∂p-≠v. ]®-∏p-Is-f√mw Icn™pt]mb aÆn-en-cp∂v Im´m-f≥ BIm-isØ \nco-£n-°p-∂p. BImiw hnjw Ie¿∂ IS-embn A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂p. ac-W-a-S™ Icn-ta-L-ßƒ°v ag-\ocv sIm≠p-h-cm-\m-hn-s√∂ Xncn-®-dn-hn¬ FØp-∂p. Icn-a-cWw Imh¬°m-c-mhp∂ "ISp-t\m-hn≥ tIm´bn-en-cp∂v' qX-Im-e-\n-\-hp-I-fn-te°v Bfl-kw-L¿j-tØmsS k©-cn-°p-∂p. \jvS-s∏´ {]IrXnca-Wo-b-X-I-fn¬ lrZbw sN∂v sXmSp∂ Xpf-

ebmfw

84 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

kn°m-Sp-Ifpw ]®-∏øpw apØ-ß-∏p-√p-I-fp-sa√mw Hgn-™p-t]mb hyY,kuμ-cy-Øns‚ {]Xo-I-amb k‘y-Iƒ C√m-Xm-b-Xns‚ D¬°WvTF∂nh \ap-°nhnsS Z¿in-°mw. Incm-X-hr-Ø-Øn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂G‰hpw kuμ-cym-fl-I-amb Zriy-_nw-_-amWv ""Idp-I-∏p¬Øpº-Ø-ºnfnIf-sa-gp-Xn-∏m-Snb cmhp-Iƒ''F∂-Xv. \nem-hns‚ If-sa-gpØp]mń\v Hcp]p¬Øpºv thZn-bm-hp-I-bm-Wv. {]Ir-Xn-sbbpw A\p-jvTm-\-sØbpw k¿K-e-b-k-tΩm-l-\-Øn-se-Øn-°p-∂p IS-Ω-\n- . tNme-a-c-Øn≥ Nphńse ImS-Øn-I-fpsS \rØhpw Xmf-an-´m-kz-Zn-°p∂ Xm\pw Hm¿Ω-bn¬ IS∂phcp∂p. \jvS-]-cn-k-c-ß-fpsS bmYm¿Yy-Øn-te°v Xncn-®-dn-thmsS DW-cp-I-bm-Wv Im´mf \n\-hp-Iƒ; NSp-e-X-tbm-sS-bp≈ tKm{X-\-S\w {]Ir-Xn-_nw-_-ß-fpsS AI-º-Sn-tbmsS km£m-XvI-cn-°-p-∂p. Nne-¶-Iƒ sIń,Im´mdn≥ Xcn-h-f-I-f-Wn™v Ccp-≠Xpw ZrV-hp-amb Icnhońt]m-ep≈ico-c-ßfpsS Cf-°hpw apSn-bpsS NnX-d-epw sIm≠v \rØw NSp-e-amhp∂p.\jvS-s∏- p-t]mb \√ \mfp-I-sfbpw tX≥Iq-Sp-Iƒ tXSn-t∏mbn I¨sh-´Øp \n∂pad™ BÏp-™p-ß-sfbpw ]q°qS \nd-bv°m≥ t]mbnImWm-Xmb s]Ïp-ń-I-sfbpw BIp-e-X-tbmsS Hm¿Øv Hm¿Ω-bpsSel-cn-bn¬ \n∂v sRń-b-I-ep-∂p. AΩn™ Np≠n-sem- nb Bº¬∏qsam´pt]m-ep≈ Ipcp-∂p-Isf-hnsS? Ah-cpsS Cfw Xfn-sc-√p-Iƒ Icn-bp∂ aW-amtWm \mUn-I-fn¬ Xd-bp-∂-Xv? ]q°ƒ Icn™ Ccp-fm≠CSß-fn¬\n∂v Xn‡bm-Ym¿YyßfpsS ka-Ime Dƒth-hp-IfnseØn-b- Im- m-f≥ s\©Øv ssIh®v tNmZn-°p-∂ Zri-y-am-Wn-Xv.

"Incm-X-hrØw' Bcw-`n-®Xv t\mºpt\m‰v InS∂ Cu‰-∏p-en-bn¬\n∂mWv. XpS¿∂v \jvS-h-k-¥-ÿ-en-I-fn-eqsSbp≈ BIp-e-{]-bm-W-Ønembn- Ihn-X. Ihn-Xm-¥y-Øn¬ mh-hn-t—-Z-sa-t∂mWw Cud-\-Wn™Cu‰-∏p-en-bpsS IÆv AXn-Xo-£vW-am-Ip-∂p. {]I-S-amb cu{Z-X-bn-te°vFØp-∂p. IÆn¬\n∂v Du¿∂phogp-∂Xv Bt·-b-[mc-bm-Wv. ""hnjmZwIS-Ω-\n´°hn-X-bn¬ hne-]n-s®m-gp-Ip∂ Hcp Im´m-d-√, Xnf-®p-a-dn-bp∂{]hm-l-Øn¬ \n∂p-b-cp∂ s]m≈n-°p∂ \ocm-hn-bmWv'' F∂v Fw.-eo-em-hXn A`n-{]m-b-s∏- n- p-≠v. \s´√v \nh¿∂v Fgp-t∂‰p \n∂ Im´m-f≥I¿tΩ-m’p-I-\m-hp-∂p. kwlm-cmfl-I-amb Icp-Øns‚, {]Xn-{In-b-bpsScwK-{]-thiw Chn-sS-bp-≠v. tIm]n-jvT\pw {]Xn-Im-c-Zm-ln-bp-amb BZn-]n-Xm-hns‚ mh-∏-I¿®-bn-em-Ip∂p Im´m-f≥. \h-\m-K-cn-I-X-bpsS Cc-bmbn amdn-b-h≥ Ncn-{X-Øn¬\n∂pw ]mc-º-cy-Øn¬\n∂pw kzmwio-I-cn® Du¿P-Øn¬ \n∂psIm≠v Ae-dn-∏-d-bp∂ Bhm-l-\-kz-`m-h-ap≈Hcp cwK-Øn-emWv "Incm-X-hrØw' Ah-km-\n-°p-∂-Xv. BZn{ZmhnU-kw-kvIm-c-kq-N-I-amb I∑-gp-sIm≠v th -°m-cpsS ssIIƒ sh´m\pw aesbssItbdn am\- w-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-hsc kwl-cn-°m\pap≈ Blzm-\-Øn-te°vIhnX FØn-t®-cp-∂p, Im´m-fs‚ ZpxJw tcmj-am-hp-Ibpw a\p-jy-hw-i-Øns‚ mK-t[-b-ß-fn-te°v ]S-cp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Ipew apSn-®-h-cpsSIpS¬am-e-IƒsIm≠v \nd-am-esbm-cp°n, aØm-Sn-a-b-ßnb i‡n-IsfBhm-ln®phcpØn Ahbv°v t\sc hn√pIpe-bv°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.ChnsS Im´m-fs‚ {]mW-R-c-ºp-Iƒ Rm¨ Bbnamdp∂p. CSn-an-∂¬s°mSn HSn®v Aºp-I-fm-°p-∂p. Cu Aºp-Iƒ A·n-Øn-c-bmbnIm¿ta-L-ß-fn¬ sN∂p-c-bp-Ibpw D¿h-cX hos≠-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

]{¥≠v

Fgp-ØIw 85

""]S-b-Wn-bpsS I¿Ω-Im-fi-Øn¬ ss`c-hn-bpsS qanI ip≤o-I-c-W-Øn-t‚-XmWv F∂v If¿tImSv hmkp-tZ-h≥\mb¿ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≠v. ss`c-hn-bpsS Bflmwiw t]dnb Im´m-f≥ ag-bn-te°pw thcp-I-fn-te°pw kqcy-In-c-W-Øn-te°pw Xncn-s®-Øp∂p. D¿h-c-X-bpsS hk-¥-Imew sXfnbp-Ibpw h\-aq¿—-bpsS B[n-Iy-Øn¬ ZpxJw XI-cp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ""\ΩpsS {Zmhn-U-amb hnZq-c-]mc-ºcykvarXn-I-fn¬\n∂v Fgp-t∂‰v hcp∂ Cu Incm-X≥ shdp-samcp Im´m-f-\-√, Incm-X-cq-]-Øn-ep≈ inh-\m-Wv. \jvS-kz¿K-sØ-°p-dn®v hne-]n-°p∂ Hcp BZn-a-]n-Xm-hmbn Abmƒ \rØw sNøp-∂p'' F∂v \tc-{μ-{]-kmZv.

"Incm-X-hr-Ø'-Øn-te°v

$ C©-°mSv _me-N-{μ≥ Fgp-Xnb ""C\n hcp-s∂mcp Xe-ap-dbv°v ChnsS hmkwkm[ytam'' F∂ Ihn-X-bpsS Zriym-hn-jvImcw (hoUn-tbm) bq Syq-_n¬ \n∂v{]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p.

$ Ihn-Xbpw Zriyhpw {i≤n-®-t√m. IhnX D∂-bn-°p∂ kmaq-lnI-{]-iv\-ßƒ Fs¥-√m-amWv? s]mXp-N¿®

♦ ]cn-ÿn-Xn-{]iv\w♦ bp≤w♦ BZn-hmkn{]iv\-ßƒ♦

$ IhnX F°m-eØpw \ne-\n¬°p∂ kmaq-ln-I-{]-iv\-ßsf A`n-kw-t_m-[\sNbvXn-´p-s≠∂pw kaq-l-Øn¬ KpW-]-c-am-bn- C-S-s]-Sm-\p≈ kuμ-cym-fl-I-amb Blzm\w Ihn-X-Iƒ \n¿h-ln-°p-∂p-s≠∂pw A[ym-]n-I t{ImUo-I-cn-°p-∂p.

$ XpS¿∂v IS-Ω-\n- -bpsS "Incm-X-hrØw' sNm√nb HmUntbm tIƒ∏n-°p∂p.

$ IhnX hy‡n-K-X-ambn hmbn-°p-∂p.

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

A¿Y-Xew Is≠-Ø¬

""\odm-b -h\Øn≥ \Sp-hn¬ \n¬∏q Im´m-f≥s\©-sØm-cp- ]¥wIpØn \n¬∏q Im´m-f≥''

Cu hcn-I-fneqsS Ihn Bhn-jvI-cn-°p∂ A¿Y-X-e-ß-ƒ Fs¥√mw? hy‡n-K-X-ambn Ipdn-°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p. hnhn[- {Kq-∏p-I-fm-bn- hy‡n-K-X-Ip-dn-∏p-Iƒsa®-s∏-SpØn H‰°pdn-∏m°n am‰p-∂p.

$ Hmtcm {Kq∏n-s‚bpw Ah-X-cWw \n¿h-ln-°p-∂p. t{ImUo-I-c-W-Øn\v A[ym-]nI ]mTm-]-{K-Y\w {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-XmWv. "Incm-X-hr-Ø-Øns‚ BZy-`m-KsØ A]-{K-Y\w am{X-amWv \man-t∏mƒ \S-Øn-b-Xv. Cu Ihn-X-bpsS ka-{K-amb Hcm-kzm-Z-\-°p-dn-∏mWv th≠Xv.

$ ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ \mev {]tbm-K-ß-fpsS A¿Y-Xew Is≠-Øm≥ ]d-bp-∂p-≠.v

$ t\c-tØ-bp≈ \mep {Kq∏p-I-tfmSv A¿Y-Xew Is≠-Øm≥ \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p.$ {Kq∏v N¿®˛ Ah-X-cWw.

ebmfw

86 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

t {ImUo -I -c -W -Øn¬A[ym-]nI ]mTm-]-{K-Y\w{]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.

D]-\ymkw Xbm-dm-°pI

$ "IncmXhrØw' F∂ Ihn-X-bnse P¥p -°ƒ, kky-eXmZn-Iƒ F∂nh hy‡n-K-X-ambn ]ń-I-s∏-Sp -Øm≥\n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p.

P¥p-°ƒ kky-ßƒCu‰-∏pen, apØ-ßm-∏p√v,Icn-aq¿J≥, Bº¬,]®ss∏, Xpf-kn-°mSv,thgm-º¬, IdpI

$ aqt∂m \mtem Ipń-I-ƒ- Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

$ Ipń -Iƒ Xbm-dm -°n -bXvt_m¿Un¬ Ipdn-°p-∂p.

$ \mtSmSnkwkvIm-c-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ kqN-\-I-fmWv Ihn-X-bn-ep-≈s-X∂v A[-ym-]nI ]d-bp∂p.

$ Cu ]ń-I-bn¬\n∂p "Incm-XhrØw' F∂ cN-\bv°v;B[m-c-amb ]›mØ-e-sØ-°p-dn®v Fs¥√mw kqN-\-I-fmWv e`y-am-Ip-∂Xv F∂vs]mXp-hmbn tNmZn-°p-∂p.

♦ h\w

♦ {Kmaw

♦ ]cn-ÿnXn

♦

]tS-\n-bn¬ c≠v kμ¿`-ß-fn-emWv a¿Ω-Xm-f-

Øns‚ {]tbm-K-ap-≈-Xv. IpXn-c-t°m-e-Øns‚

Xp≈-enepw kpμ-c-b£nt°me-Øns‚ Xp≈-

enepw. _mly-i-‡n-I-fpsS B{I-a-W-ò-j-

Wn°v ap≥]n¬ Imen-S-dmsX kz¥w kaq-l-

Øns‚ c£-bv°mbn shº¬s°m≈p-Ibpw

k¿hi-‡nbpw D]-tbm-Kn-®p-sIm≠v {]Xn-tbm-

Knsb t\cn-Sm≥ ss[cy-]q¿hw Xbm-sd-Sp-°p-

Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp tKm{X-Ø-e-hs≥d tamN-

\-Xzc IpXn-c-t°m-e-ß-fpsS Xp≈-en¬ ImWmw.

kzmX-{¥y -Øns‚ shfn®w e£y-am°n

\oßp∂ Hcp tKm{X-k-aq-l-Øns‚ NSp-e-amb

Ime-Sn -I-fmWv a¿Ω-Xm-f -®p -h-Sp -I-tfmsS

Xp≈¬°m¿ Nhn-´p-∂Xv. tcmKm-Zn-Zp¿Ω-c-W-

ß-fpsS BLm-X-ta‰v Zpcn-X--s∏´ Hcp kaqlw

kwip-≤n-bp-sSbpw kuμ-cy-Øn-s‚bpw shfn®w

tXSn \oßp-I-bmW.v kpμ-c-b-£n-t°m-e®ph-Sp-

Ifn¬ AZriycmb Xß-fpsS tZh-X-Isf sImń-

∏mSn hnfn-®p-sIm≠v A¿Yn-°p-I-bm-W-h¿. Pohn-

X-Zp-c-¥-ß-fn¬s∏´v [¿Ω-k-¶-S-a-\p-`-hn-°p∂

Hcp kaqlw BXy¥n-I-ambn c£m-Zo]w e£y-

am°nhbv°p∂ -]-S-®p-h-Sp-I-fmWv c≠v kμ¿`-

ßfnepw ]S-b-Wn-°m¿ Nhn-´p-∂Xv. a¿Ω-Xm-

fsØ B[m-c-am-°n-bp≈ hmbv∏m-´p-Iƒ°pw

AXn-t‚-Xmb {]tXy-I-X-bp≠v. shdpw Xmf-{]-

I-S-\-Øn\v th≠n-bp≈ hmbvsamgn {]I-S-\-ßƒ

am{X-a√ Ah. \ΩpsS {]mIr-X-k-aq-l-Øns‚

Pohn -X -Z¿i\w B hmsam -gn -I -fn -ep≠v.

t\m°pI: sXøw=ssZhw sXøwXm = ssZhw

AΩ--bm-Wv. sXøwX = ssZhw AΩ-X-s∂-bmWv.

sXbv = Pbn-°s´. sXøp-a-X- X={]Ir-Xn-bm-Ip∂

AΩ Xs∂ Pbn-°s´. Xn=A·n ⁄m-\w- -A-

dn-hv. XnsØbv = A·n Adnhv Pbn-°s´. a¿Ω-

Xm-f-Øns‚ Xmf-{In-b-Iƒ {]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂ hmsam-

gn-bnepw Cu Z¿i-\-Øns‚ kØ {]I-S-am-hp-

∂p≠v. Incm-X-hr-Ø-Øns‚ Bfl-`m-h-Øn-

te°v IS-∂p-I-b-dm≥ Ch-sbms° klm-b-I-

am-hm-Xn-cn-°n-√.

- IS-Ω-\n´ hmkp-tZ-h≥]n≈

]{¥≠v

Fgp-ØIw 87

$ ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øn-ep≈ ]S-b-Wn-sb-°p-dn®p≈ Ipdn∏v Ip nIƒ hmbn-°p-∂p.

$ ]S-b-Wn-bpsS ASn-Ø-d-bn¬ sIń-bp-b¿Ønb Imhy-in-¬∏-amtWm "Incm-X-hrØw'? s]mXp-N¿®

]mTm-]-{K-Y\w {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØWw. "sXøw-X-sØ-øw-X-Ø-sØ-bp-a-X-Ø-Øn-sØbv' F∂-XmWv a¿ΩXmfw. IS-Ω-\n´ hmkp-tZ-h≥]n≈-bpsS teJ-\-Øn¬\n∂p≈ Hcp mKw t_mIvkn¬

D≠.v {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ømw.

$ \S∂ ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ \n¿t±-in® D]-\ymkw hy‡n-K-X-ambn Xbm-dm-°m≥ \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p. (D-]-\ymkw t]m¿ v t^mfn-tbm-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv).

Is≠-ØpI

$ "Ihn-fn-encp∂v IÆns\ Xncn-™p-t\m-°p∂ IÆp-\o¿''

sI.-Pn. i¶-c-∏n-≈-bpsS "_wKmƒ' F∂ Ihn-X-bnse Hcp {]tbm-K-am-WnXv.

Cu {]tbmKw \nß-fpsS a\- n¬ Hcp Nn{X-ambn cq]-s∏-Sp-∂pt≠m ? -˛ A[ym-]nI tNmZn-°p-∂p.

C{μn-b-kw-th-Z-\-£-a-amb hmMva-b-Nn-{X-ß-fmWv Imhy-_nw-_-ßƒ. sI.-Pn.-i-¶-c-∏n-≈-bp-tSXv Zr-iy-_nw-_-amW.v Zr-iy-_nw-_ß-fn-eqsS Imhy- mhw Xo£v-W-ambn A\p- -hn-∏n-°m≥

Ignbpw.

$ "Incm-X-hrØw' F∂ Ihn-X-sb kuμ-cym-fl-I-am-°p-∂- Zriy-_nw-_-ßƒ Is≠-Øm≥ \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p. hy‡n-K-X-ambn Ipdn-°p-I.

s\©-sØmcp ]¥w IpØn \n¬°p∂ Im´m-f≥. Idp-I-∏p¬Øpº-Ø-ºnfn If-sa-gpXn∏mSnb cmhp-Iƒ.

$ Cu Zriy-_nw-_-ßƒ "Incm-X-hrØw' F∂ Ihn-X-sb IqSp-X¬ Bkzm-Z-yI-c-am-°p-∂-pt≠m? hnhn-[ -{Kq-∏p-I-fmhp-∂p.

$ {Kq∏v N¿®˛ Ah-X-cWw

"Incm-X-hr-Ø'-Øn¬ Zriy-_nw-_-ß-fmWv Gsd-bp-≈Xv. ]S-bWn F∂ Zriy-I-e-bpsS kzm[o\w. \jvS-s∏´ {]Ir-Xnsb Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂-XpsIm≠v. H∂mw h¿jw -]cn-N-b-s∏´ Ihn-X-I-fnse Zriy-_n-w_-ßƒ

kqNn∏n°mw. ]mTm-]-{K-Y\w IqSn {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-ØWw. sI.-]n.- A-∏s‚ Ipdn-∏nep≈ Bibßƒ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-ØWw.

ebmfw

88 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

_nw_-I-ev]\: \n¿h-N-\-Øns‚ {]iv\w

G‰hpw efn-X-am-bn-∏-d-™m¬ C{μn-b-kw-th-Z-\-£-a-amb hmMva-b-Nn-{X-ß-

fmWv _nw_-ßƒ. Ihn-Iƒ \ΩpsS C{μn-b-ßsf e£y-am-°n-bmWv _nw_-

ßƒ {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. C{μn-bm\p`-h-ßsf [z\n-∏n-°p-∂-sX¥pw _nw_-

ß-fm-Wv. ImcWw IÆp-Iƒ am{X-a√, F√m C{μn-b-ßfpw \ap°v A\p-`-

h-ßƒ ]I¿∂pXcp-∂p. Aaq¿Ø-am-sbm-cm-ibw Ah-Xc-n∏n-°p∂ "Hm¿a'

F∂ ]Zw Xs∂ FSp-°p-I. Nnd-Ip≈ Hm¿Ω-Iƒ F∂p {]tbm-Kn®vv AXns\

Zri-y-_nw-_-am-°mw. "kuc-`-y-ap≈ Hm¿a-Iƒ F∂p {]tbm-Kn®v AXns\

K‘-_nw-_-am°mw "kwKo-Xm-fl-I-amb Hm¿Ω-Iƒ' F∂p {]tbm-Kn®v

AXns\ {ih-y-_nw-_-am-°mw. "s]m≈p∂ Hm¿Ω-Iƒ' F∂p {]tbm-Kn®v

"kv]¿i-_nw-_-am°mw'. a[p-cn-°p∂ Hm¿Ω-Iƒ F∂p {]tbm-Kn®v AXns\

ck-t\-{μn-bsØ Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ _nw_-am°n am‰mw. Cu B¿`m-S-ßƒ

H∂p-an-√msX Hm¿Ω F∂ hm°v Fs∂ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw _nw_-amWv.

B hm°v a\ v F∂ C{μn-b-Øn¬ \nXy-X-bn¬ \n∂v AS¿Øn-sb-SpØ

kvac-W-bpsS sNdp-tem-I-ambn h∂p hogp-∂p. AXp sIm≠v AXv _nw_-

am-Wv. Nnd-Ip≈ Hm¿a-Iƒ F∂Xv Iptd-°qSn i‡-amb _nw_-am-sW∂v

am{Xw.

_nw_w kuμ-cy-h¿[-I-h-kvXp-thm, B`-c-Wtam A√. AXv Fgp-Øp-

Im-cs‚ Z¿i-\-t_m-[-Øns‚ G‰hpw kXy-k-‘-amb km£y-ß-fmWv.

_nw_-ßƒ, krjvSn-bpsS thf-bn¬ Fgp-Øp-Im-c\v Xt∂bpw {]]-©-

tØbpw Adn-bm-\p≈ am¿K-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v hmb-\-°m-c≥

_nw_-I-ev]-\-Iƒ A]-{K-Yn-®p-thWw Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ hy‡n-Xz-Ønepw

Ah-bpsS Zm¿i-\n-I-amb hnj-a-k-a-ky-I-fnepw FØn-t®-tc-≠Xv.

˛ sI.-]n.- A-∏≥ (Ie-lhpw hnizm-k-hpw)

eLp- D-]-\ymkw$ Imhy-`m-j -Im-em-\p-kr-X-ambn amdp-∂p. Imhy-{]-Xn-`-bpsS auenI k-`m-h-a-\p-

k-cn®v mj, Xmfw, LS\ F∂n-h-bn¬ ]cn-Wmaw kw -hn-°p-∂p-sh∂v Bap-J-ambn A[ym-]nI ]d-bp-∂p.

""kz¿W-h¿W-sØ-∏q≠ ssaYnen at\m-lcn

kz¿W`q-j-W-ß-fp-a-Wn™p tim -tbmsS

kz¿W-am-ebpw [cn-®m-Z-cm¬ aμw-a-μ˛

a¿tWm-P-t\-{X≥ apºn¬ k{X]w hn\o-X-bmbv

\n∂p-S≥ t\t{Xm-ev]-e-am-e-bp-anóSn\mƒ apt∂

]n∂mse hc-Wm¿Y ame-bpanóSn-\mƒ''

(A-≤ym-fl-cm-am-bWw Infn-∏m-´v-˛-F-gp-Ø-—≥)

""IWtb‰ Icn-ºpen t]mseDcpƒs]mńb amae t]mseDe-Im-sI-bp-ebv°pw ań¬Aedo Im´m-f≥''Ae-I-S-en≥ thcp ]dn-°m≥IpXdo Im´m-f≥'' (IncmXhrØw)

]{¥≠v

Fgp-ØIw 89

$ Cu c≠v Imhy- m-K-ßfpw Nm¿ń¬ {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p.

$ Fgp-Ø-—-s‚bpw IS-Ω-\n- -bp-sSbpw IhnXIƒ hni-Z-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏- p-I-gn™p.ap∂-dn-hns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ mj, Xmfw, LS\, _nw_m-hn-jvImcw F∂n-h-bn¬ Fgp-Ø-—s‚ Ihn-X-bn¬ \n∂v IS-Ω-\n- -bpsS Ihn-X-bn-se-Øp-tºmƒ kw -hn® ]cn-Wm-a-sØ-∏‰n s]mXp-N¿® \S-Øp∂p.

Fgp-Ø-—s‚ Ihn-X-bpsS mhw [z\ym-fl-I-amb Bflo-b-X-bm-Wv.IS-Ω-\n- -bpsS Ihn-X-bnse mhw \S-\m-fl-I-amb {]£p-_v[-XbmWv. mh-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v Ccp-h-cnepw Imhy`mj amdp∂p.

Fgp-Ø-—s‚ Ihn-X-bn¬ am\I`mjbv°v {]m[m\yap≠v.IS-Ω-\n´°hn-X-bn¬ hmsamgncq]-ßƒ kpe- -am-Wv. {Zmhn-U-kz-Xz-Øns‚X\n-a-bp≈ ]Z-ßƒ IS-Ω-\n- -bpsS Ihn-X-I-fn-ep-≠v.

Infn-∏m- p-hr-Ø-ß-fpsS LS-\-bn¬ Fgp-Ø-—s‚ IhnX cq]-s∏- p.]S-b-Wn-t]m-ep≈ Zriy-I-em-cq]ßfnse hmbvØm-cn-bn¬\n∂p P\n®]pXnb Xmf-{I-a-ß-fn-te°v amdn IS-Ω-\n´bpsS IhnX.

Fgp-Ø-—s‚ IhnX ]c-º-cm-KX Imhy-k-¶-¬∏-tØmSnW-ßp-∂p.tKm{X-ku-μ-cy-k-¶¬∏-tØmSv tN¿∂p\n¬°p∂p IS-Ω-\n- -bpsS Ihn-X.

$ Fgp-Ø-—s‚ Imhy-`m-j-sb-°p-dn-®p-≈- hn-i-Zmw-i-ßƒ°mbn So®¿ sSIvÃn¬"IÆmSn Im¨tamfhpw' F∂ ]mT- m-KØn\v sImSpØ {]h¿Ø\w {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.

$ cq]-s∏´ Bi-b-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v FgpØ—\n¬ \n∂v IS-Ω-\n- -bn-te°v FØp-tºmƒ Imhy-`m-j-bn¬ kw`-hn® ]cn-Wm-a-sØ-∏‰n eLp-D-]-\ymkw Xøm-dm-°m≥ Ipń-I-tfmSv \n¿t±-in-°p-∂p.

$ eLp -D-]-\ymkw t]m¿ vt^mfn-tbm-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.

Ah-Xm-cnI

$ IÆm-Sn-Im- tam-fhpw, Du™m-en¬, Incm-X-hr-Øw, a’yw F∂o \mev Ihn-X-Ifpw hni-Z-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-´Xm-Wv.

$ Ah apt∂m´phbv°p∂ Bi-b-ßsf°pdn®v \ap°v [mc-W-bp-≠v.

$ Cu Ihn-X-Iƒ tN¿Øv Hcp Ihn-Xm-k-am-lmcw {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°Ww.

$ Ah-Xm-cnI F∂m¬ F¥v? Ah-Xm-cn-I-bn¬ Fs¥√mw Dƒs∏-Sp∂p?˛s]mXp-N¿®

]pkvX-IsØ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ auen-I-kz- mhw hni-Zo-Icn-°p-∂p. D≈-S-°-Øns‚ kw{Klw Fgp-Xp∂p. hmb-\-°msc IrXn-bp-ambn ASp-∏n-°p-∂p.

ebmfw

90 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

$ GsX-¶nepsamcp Imhy-k-am-lm-c-Øns‚ Ah-Xm-cnI A[ym-]nI Ipń-Iƒ°p ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

$ ta¬∏-d™ Ihn-XIƒ Dƒs∏-Sp∂ Imhy-k-am-lmcØn\v hy‡n-K-X-ambn Ah-Xm-cnI Fgp-Xm≥ Ipń-I-tfmSv \n¿tZ-in-°p∂p.(CXv t]m¿´vt^m-fn-tbm-bn-te°v t]mtI-≠-Xm-Wv.)

Is≠-ØpI

$ ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ X∂n- p≈ IYm- mKw (Hm¿Ω-I-fn¬ h∂p-t]m-Ip-∂-h¿) hy‡n-K-X-ambn hmbn-°m≥ \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p.

$ ""Atøm! NØp-t]mbn Ign™ th\°v'' F∂ hmIyw am\-I-`m-j-bn¬ Fgp-Xm≥ ]d-bp∂p.

$ c≠pw XΩn¬ A\p- -h-]-c-amb hyXym-k-apt≠m? s]m-Xp-N¿®

{]mtZ-in-I- m-j-bn¬ sshIm-cn-IXtbdpw. {]mtZ-in-I-`m-j-bn¬ kuμ-cym-\p-`-h-ap-≠v. {]mtZ-in-I- m-j-bn¬ kzm`m-hn-I-X-bpsS kv]μ-\-ap≠v. {]mtZ-in-I-`m-j-bn¬ thdn´ Pohn-X-]-›m-Øew [z\n∏n°p∂p.

$ IYm-`m-KsØ ap≥\n¿Øn CØ-c-samcp A]-{K-Y\w hy‡n-K-X-ambn \SØnIpdn∏p Xbm-dm-°m≥ ]dbmw.

Ihn-X-b-cßv

$ F¥n-\mWv Ihn-X-b-cßv kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-∂Xv? A[ym-]nI tNmZn-°p∂p.s]mXp-N¿®.

IhnX sNm√p∂ ]mc-ºcyw ae-bm-fn-Iƒ°p≠v. Imk‰v Ihn-X-Iƒ°v hym]-I-amb {]Nmcap≠v. IhnX sNm√¬ Item-’-h-a-’-c-bn-\-ambn amdn-bn-´p-≠v. Ihn-Xm-kzm-Z-\-Øn\v as‰mcp km[yX.

A®Sn hym]-I-am-b-tXmsS ae-bm-f-I-hn-X-bn¬ sNm√¬]m-c-ºcyw AkvX-an-®p-t]m-

bn F∂v Ihnbpw Nn¥I-\p-amb Fw. tKmhn-μ≥ ]d-™n-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ IS-Ω-\n-´,

H.F≥.-hn, _me-N-{μ≥ Np≈n-°m-Sv, -Un. hn\b-N-{μ≥, hn. a[p-kq-Z-\≥\m-b¿, Ipco-

∏pg {ioIp-am¿ F∂n-h-cpsSsb√mw cwK-{]-th-i-tØmsS IhnX sNm√p∂ ]mc-ºcyw

hos≠-Sp-°-s∏-´p. Cu Ihn-Iƒ sNm√¬km[y-X-tb-dp∂ \nc-h[n Ihn-X-Iƒ Fgp-

Xn-bn-´ps≠∂v A[-ym-]nI Bap-J-ambn ]d-bp-∂p.

$ IhnX sNm√m-\p≈ Ipń-Isf Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂p.

$ Ihn-Xb-c-ßns‚ Znhkw Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂p.

$ Ihn-X-Iƒ s]mXp-N¿®-bpsS mK-sa-∂-hÆw Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂p.

]{¥≠v

Fgp-ØIw 91

$ IhnX-b-cßv hne-bn-cp-Øp-tºmƒ Fs¥ms° Imcy-ß-fmWv {i≤n-t°-≠Xv?s]mXp-N¿®-bn-eqsS kqN-I-ßƒ hnI-kn-∏n-°p-∂p.

♦ `mhw♦ Xmfw♦ D®m-c-Wip≤n♦ Ihn-X-bpsS Bibw♦♦

$ IhnX-b-c-ßn\p tijw a‰p hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°p ta¬s°mSpØ kqN-I-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ \S-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Ihn-X-b-c-ßv kn.Un-bm-°mw.

ebmfw

92 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

Ah-Im-i-ß-fpsS {]iv\w

IYm]-{K-Y\w

Bƒ°q- -Øn¬ H‰-bmbnt∏mIp∂ a\p-jys‚ hyY-Ifpw kz¥w apJ-w FhnsS F∂v

Xnc-™p-t]m-tI≠n-h-cp∂ hy‡n-I-fpsS kμn-Kv[-X-Ifpw B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS Iem-

hn-jvIm-c-ßƒ°v hnj-b-am-bn-´p-≠v. hn]-Wn-bpsS Im]-Sy-ßfpw \K-c-h¬°-c-W-

Øns‚ k¶o¿W-L-S-\bpw A]am-\-ho-I-c-W-Øns‚ tXmXv h¿[n-∏n-®p. Cusbmcp

]›m-Ø-esØ {]Xn- -Iƒ Iem-]t_m-[-tØmsS t\cn- -Xns‚ e-amWv B[p-\n-

I-X-bpsS Iem-k-¶¬∏-ßfpw krjvSn-I-fpw. "Ah-Im-i-ß-fpsS {]iv\w' F∂ -I-Y-

bn¬ ]n.- ]-fl-cm-P≥ AkvXn-Xzm-t\z-j-W-Øns‚ hy¿Y-X-Ifpw Adnhv apdn-hm-bn-

Øo-cp∂ hn]-cy-b-ßfpw Hcp Ne-®n-{Xm-\p- hw t]mse kv]¿i-\-£-a-am-°p-∂p-≠v.

acn-®-h-cpsS Ombm-]-S-ßƒ am{Xw hn¬°p∂ sXcp-hn-te°v \´p-®bv°v hnb¿Øv

InX-s®-Øp∂ Znhm-I-c≥ kz¥w amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS Nn{X-amWv At\z-jn-°p-∂-

Xv. Znhm-I-cs‚ ]I-∏p-I-sfbpw DZzn-·-X-I-sfbpw \n¿hn-Im-c-X-tbmsS kzoI-cn-°p∂

I®-h-S-°m-c≥ hn]-Wn-bpsS bm{¥nILS-\-bp-sSbpw \n wK at\m- m-h-Øn-s‚bpw

{]Xn-\n-[nbm-Wv. sXcp--hns‚ Ccp-`m-K-Øp-ap≈ IS-I-fn¬ Xq°n-bn-ń-cn-°p∂

AkwJyw Ombm-]-S-ß-fn¬ Xnc™v lXm-i-\m-hp-I-bmWv Znhm-I-c≥. cm]-I¬t`Z-

an-√msX FÆn-Øn-´-s∏-Sp-Øm-\m-ImØ A{X--b-[nIw Nn{X-ß-fp-ambn AkwJyw

IS-Iƒ D]-t`m-‡m-hn\pth≠n hmbpw ]nf¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. X\n°v th≠-s∏´ Nn{X-

ßƒ Is≠ØpI F∂Xv Znhm-I-cs\ kw_-‘n®v t¢i-I-c-am-Wv. shfn-®-Øns‚

[q¿Øm¬ NXn-°-s∏´ Hcp At\z-jn-bmbn Znhm-I-c≥ amdp-I-bm-Wv. Znhm-I-c≥

F∂ t]cn-s\-t∏mepw I_-fn-∏n-°p∂ hn]-Wn-bpsS {Iqc-In-c-W-ß-tf‰v hmSn-Ø-

f-cp-I-bmWv shfn®tlXp-hmb Znhm-I-c≥.

amXm-]n-Xm-°-fp-sS Nn{X-ßƒ hmßm≥ h∂v hn]-Wn-bpsS kap-{Z-Øn¬ Xpg-bn-

√msX Ipg™p hoW Znhm-I-c\v A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t°-≠n-h-cp∂Xv Bdpw Ggpw hb-

p≈ c≠v Ip- n-I-sf-bmWv. sNmSn-bp≈ Ime-Sn-i-_vZ-tØmsS h∂ Ah¿ Znhm-I-c-

\-Sp-sØØn \nd-I-Æp-I-tfmsS t\m°n, Znhm-I-c≥ F∂ Ombm-]-SsØ ]¿t®kv

sNøp-∂p. Hcp IS-emkvIqń-em°n IS-°m-c≥ Znhm-I-cs\ wKn-bmbn s]mXn-bm≥

XpS-ßp-∂p. acn-®-h-cpsS Ombm-]-S-ßƒ am{Xw hn¬°p∂ sXcp-hn¬ Pohn-®n-cn-°p-

∂-h-cpsS AkvXnXzw Zp»Ip-\-am-Ip-∂Xv IYm-IrØv shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. \mw

\ap°pXs∂ A]-cn-Nn-X-cm-hp∂ {]iv\]cn-k-c-amWv Ah-Imi{]iv\-ambn hcp-∂-

Xv. amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS Ombm-]Sw At\z-jn®v Ae-tb-≠n-h-cp-∂Xv AXp-sIm-≠m-

Wv. F¥nepw I®-h-S-km-[yX ImWp-∂, F¥n-s\bpw hn‰v Imim-°m≥ {ian-°p∂

D]-t`m-K-kw-kvIm-c-Øns‚ {IqcX ChnsS ImWmw. ]Ww am{X-amWv hn]-Wn-bn¬

aqeyhØm-Ip-∂-Xv. as‰√mw AhnsS A{]-k‡w. D¬∏∂w tXSn kzbw D¬∏-∂-

]{¥≠v

Fgp-ØIw 93

ambn amdp∂ Znhm-Ic≥ Cusbmcp ]cp-°≥ bmYm¿Yy-Øns‚ sXfn-hm-Wv. D]-t`m-

‡m-hns‚ CjvSm-\n-jvS-ßƒ°v \n∂p-sIm-Sp-°msX D¬∏-∂-ß-fpsS {]f-b-Øn¬

Ahs\ ap°n-°-f-bp∂ hn]-W-\-X-{¥w IqSn [z\n-∏n-°m≥ ]fl-cm-P\v Ign-bp-∂p.

Xe-a-d∂v FÆ tX°p-∂-h¿°v I]SsshIm-cn-I-X-bpsS hnIr-X-a-μ-lm-k-ßƒ

G‰p-hm-tß-≠n-h-cp-∂p. Hcp IS-bn¬ I≠Xv thsdmcp IS-bn¬ ImWp-I-bn-√t√m

At√ F∂v Znhm-I-c≥ tNmZn-°p-tºmƒ Aßs\ Dd-s∏m-∂p-an√ F∂v hnIrX

aμ-lm-k-tØmsS IS-°m-c≥ adp-]Sn ]d-bp-∂p. \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-sX√mw Xncn-®p-

]n-Sn-°m-\m-hp-sa∂ Znhm-I-cs‚ [m¿jvSyw F¥pw I®-h-S-®-c-°mbn amdnb

temIØv A]-lm-ky-am-hp-I-bm-Wv. GsX-¶nepw Iptd ]S-ßƒ t]mtc F∂v IS-

°m-c≥ tNmZn-°p-tºmƒ I≠-h-s‚-sbm∂pw ]Sw X\n-°m-h-iy-an√ F∂v ]d-bp∂

Znhm-I-c≥ AkwJyw Ombm-]-S-ßƒ°p ap∂n¬ X\n°v th≠-sX-¥m-sWdn-bmsX

Ipg-™p-t]m-Ip-∂p-≠v. \mK-cn-IX {]k-cn-∏n-°p∂ {àm-flI shfn-®-Øn¬ Bh-iy-

ap≈ Nn{Xw Xnc-s™-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bmsX t]mIp∂ Znhm-I-c≥ hy¿Yamb Bh¿Ø-

\-Øn¬ kzbw \jvS-s∏-Sp-I-bmWv.

shfn-®w, Ccp´v F∂o kzm`m-hnI ka-b- -Ime \n¿W-b-ßsf A{]-k-‡-am-°p∂

\n›-e-amb Imew Cu IY-bn-ep-≠v. acWw AXns‚ kqN-\-bm-Wv. acn-®-h-cpsS

Ombm-]Sw F∂ I¬∏\Xs∂ AIm¬∏-\n-I-am-Ip-∂p. H´pw B¿`m-S-an-√mØ mj-

bn¬ IY-]-d™v GI-Xm-\-amb Im¬∏\nIPo¿W-Xsb ]fl-cm-P≥ {]Xn-tcm-[n-

°p-∂p. Ombm-]-S-ß-fpsS kap-{Zw, {]Im-i-Øns‚ [mcm-fn-Øw, shfn-®-Øn\v ]n∂nse

NXnhv F∂o {]tbm-K-ßƒ ImgvN-bpsS ]Xp hg-°-ßsf d±p sNøp-∂p. Ne-

®n{X\njvT-amb BJym-\sØ IYm-IrØv sIm≠p-h-cp-∂p. Hcp ]Iepw cm{Xnbpw

DZn®p\n-∂-kvX-an-°p∂ Znhm-I-c-\mWv Cu IY-bnse \mb-I≥. Ne-®n-{X-Im-c-\mb

]fl-cm-Ps‚ k¿Km-flIhy‡nXzw \ngepw shfn-®hpw Ie¿Øn IYbv°v IqSp-

X¬ angnhv \¬Ip-∂p-≠v. ]S-a-t\z-jn®v ]S-am-Ip-∂ (-a-cn-®p-t]m-Ip∂), {]iv\-]-cn-lmcw

tXSn k¶o¿W-am-Ip∂, At\z-j-W-ß-sf√mw AkvX-an-°p∂ iq\y-Xm-t_m-[-Øns‚

adp-]pdw At\z-jn-°p∂ ]Sw]nSn-Ø-°m-c-\mb IYm-Ir-Øns\ ]fl-cm-Ps‚ Cu

IY-bn¬ ImWmw.

t^mt´mIƒ°v ka-Im-enIkaq-l-Øn-ep-≠mb ]cn-Wm-a-sØ-°p-dn®v Btem-Nn-°m\pw

]fl-cm-Ps‚ IY hmb-\-°msc t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂p. ªm°v B≥Uv ssh‰v nenw t^mt´m-

I-fn¬ \n∂v AXns‚ km[y-X-Iƒ C∂v Gsd hf¿∂p. t^mt´m Hcp A]q¿hhkvXp-

hmbncp∂n-SØp\n∂v AXv UnPn-‰¬ sk¬^n-bn-te°v amdn. kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bpsS

hf¿® a\p-jy- m-h-\-sbbpw Ahs‚ kzm`m-hn-I-X-I-sfbpw am‰n-a-dn-°p-∂p-sh∂v CXv

\sΩ t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øpw. Nn{Xw Ft∏m-gpw adp-]p-dsØ Hfn-∏n-®p-hbv°p-∂p. Pohn-X-

Øns‚ adp-]pdw X∏m-\p≈ Ah-Im-i-Øns‚ {]iv\sØ \n¿≤-cn-°p-I-bmWv

]n.- ]-fl-cm-Ps‚ IY.

Fw. apIp-μs‚ "B¿´v A‰m°v' F∂ IY CtXm-sSm∏w ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm-hp∂ cN-\-

ebmfw

94 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

bmWv. hn]-Wn-bpsS kmt¶-Xn-I-an-I-hn\p ap∂n¬ Ime-l-c-W-s∏´ Hcp Iem-\n-cq-]-

I≥, aIƒ hc® Xs‚ Nn{XØ-n¬ apJ-a-t\z-jn®v F∂-t∂-°p-ambn apJw \jvS-s∏-

Sp∂Xv Xncn-®-dn-bp∂ ssZ\-y-amWv Cu IY ]¶p-h-bv°p-∂Xv.

IYbn-te°v

""BIm-i-Ø-—≥ NØp˛

InS-∏-Xp-I≠p \Spßn

ae-tbm-c-Ø-Ω-bn-cp∂p

Zln-∏XpI≠p Ießn''

IS-Ω-\n´ cma-Ir-jvWs‚ "Incm-X-hr-Ø'-Øn¬ \mw ]cn-N-b-s∏´ Cu hcn-I-fn¬

kqNn-X-am-Ip∂ Bi-b-sa-s¥∂v A[ym-]nI tNmZn-°p-∂p. Nne Ipń-I-fpsS {]Xn-I-

c-W-ßƒ tXSp-∂p.

Im´m-fs‚ ssZ\yw.

A—-s‚bpw AΩ-bp-sSbpw acWw.

qanbpw {]Ir-Xn-bp-amWv Im´m-fs‚ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ.

A—-s\bpw AΩ-sbbpw Hm¿ØpsIm≠v Xs‚ \ne-\n¬∏n-s\-°p-dn®v

t_m[-hm-\m-hp∂p.

A—\pw. AΩbpw kz¥w Pohn-X-]-cn-k-c-sØbpw Ah-\-h-s\-Ø-s∂bpw Xncn-®-dn-

bm-\p≈ D]m-[n-bmbn Im´m-f≥ Icp-Xp-∂p. A—-s\bpw AΩ-sbbpw Xnc™v kz¥w

Ah-Im-i-ß-sfbpw AkvXn-Xz-sØbpw At\z-jn-°p∂ IY-bmWv ]n. ]fl-cm-Ps‚

"Ah-Im-i-ß-fpsS {]iv\w.' IY hmbn-°m≥ A[ym-]nI \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p.

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°pI

"GsX-¶nepw Iptd ]S-ßƒ t]mtc? C∂-Xp-Xs∂ thW-sa∂v \n¿_‘w ]nSn-°p-

∂Xv A{X _p≤n-bmtWm? shdpsX kabw ]mgm-Wv'.

"Ah-Im-i-ß-fpsS {]iv\w' F∂ IY-bnse Cu kμ¿`w A[ym-]nI hmbn-°p-

∂p. I®-h-S-°m-cs‚ Cu kw`m-j-W-Øn¬ t^mt´m hmßm≥ hcp-∂-h-tcm-Sp≈

F¥v kao-]-\-amWv {]Xn-^-en-°p-∂Xv F∂ tNmZyw A[ym-]nI D∂-bn-°p-∂p.

H∂p-c≠v Ipń-I-fpsS {]Xn-I-c-W-ßƒ tXSp-∂p.

D]-t`m-‡m-hns‚ Xm¬∏-cy-sØ-°mƒ I®-h-S-°m-cs‚ Xm¬∏c-y-Øn\v

ap≥Xq°w.

]{¥≠v

Fgp-ØIw 95

D¬∏-∂-Øns‚ (t^mt´m-bpsS) s]cp-°-Øn¬ \ap°v th≠Xv Xnc-

™p-]n-Sn-°p-∂Xv Hcp ]mgvth-e-bm-Wv.

hkvXp-hns‚ KpW-ta∑-b√, hn¬∏-\-bmWv {][m-\w.

t^mt´m F∂ hkvXp-hns\ I®-h-S-°m¿ ImWp-∂-Xp-t]msebmtWm Znhm-I-c\pw

Ipń-Ifpw ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂Xv? A[ym-]nI tNmZn-°p-∂p.

IYm-k-μ¿`-ßƒ ap≥\n¿Øn hy‡n-K-X-ambn Ipdn-∏p X-bm-dm°m≥ \n¿tZ-in-°p-

∂p. H∂p-c≠v Ah-X-c-W-ßƒ.

\mtem At©m {Kq∏mbn hy‡n-K-X-°p-dn-∏nse Bi-b-ßƒ N¿®-sNbvXv sa®-s∏-

SpØn Fgp-Xm≥ \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p. {Kq∏-h-X-c-Ww.

Znhm-I-c-\pw Ipń-Iƒ°pw t^mt´m-bp-am-bp≈ sshIm-cn-I-_‘w.

X\n°v Bh-iy-ap≈ t^mt´m Is≠-ØWw F∂ Znhm-I-cs‚ \n¿_-‘w.

acn-®p-t]m-b-h-cpsS km∂n[yw Znhm-I-c\pw Ipń-Ifpw t^mt´m-bn¬ Is≠-

Øp-∂p.

A—-\-Ω-am-cpsS Ombm-]-S-ßfpsS At\z-jWw kz¥w ss]Xr-I-Øns‚

At\z-j-Wambn amdp-∂p.

Nn{X-ß-fpsS [mcm-fn-Ø-Øn¬ apJw/kzXzw \jvS-s∏-Sp∂ Ah-ÿ.

]mTm-]-{K-Y-\-Ønse Bi-b-ßƒ IqSn t{ImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ømw.

A[ym-]n-I-bpsS t{ImUo-I-c-W-Ønse Bi-b-ßƒ IqSn {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn Ipń-

I-tfmSv N¿®Ip-dn∏v sa®-s∏-SpØn Xbm-dm-°m≥ \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p.

IYm-k-μ¿ -ßƒ Is≠Ømw

""]tc-Xsc adhp sNøm≥

]≠v

\∂-ßm-Sn-Iƒ

ss]XrIw adhpsNøm≥,

Poh-t\msS

\sΩ, adhp sNøm≥

C∂v

\∂v

Aßm-Sn-Iƒ''

ebmfw

96 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

A[ym-]nI IhnX Nm¿ń¬ {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p. ]q¿hn-Isc ad-hp-sN-bvXn-cp∂ henb

a¨ -c-Wn-I-fmWv \∂-ßm-Sn-Iƒ F∂v A[ym-]nI hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p. XpS¿∂v Cu

IhnX \¬Ip∂ B¥-cm¿Yw Fs¥∂ tNmZyw D∂-bn-°p-∂p. AßmSn, \∂-ßmSn

F∂o ]Z-ßƒ hni-I-e\w sNøp-∂p.

(\∂-√-ßm-Sn-Iƒ ˛ sI.Pn. i¶-c-∏n-≈)

Ipń-I-fpsS H∂p-c≠v {]Xn-I-c-W-ßƒ.

hn]-Wn-bpsS \n w-KX.

a\p-jys\ Poh-t\msS hngp-ßp∂ hn]Wn.

"Ah-Im-iß-fpsS {]iv\w' F∂ IY-bn¬ Ombm-]-S-ßƒ hn¬°p∂ IS-Isf Ah-

X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-p≠-t√m. IS-bn-te°v Ombm-]Sw tXSn-h-cp∂ Znhm-I-cs\ I®-h-S-°m¿

Fß-s\- kzoI-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂mWv IYm-IrØv ]d-bp-∂-Xv F∂v A[ym-]nI tNmZn-

°p-∂p.

Nne {]Xn-I-c-W-ßƒ

D¬∏-∂-ß-fpsS s]cp-°-Øn¬ apßn-t∏m-Ip∂ D]-t`m-‡m-hmbn Znhm-I-c≥

amdp-∂p.

Znhm-I-cs‚ [¿a-k-¶-S-ßƒ Bhn-jvI-cn-°p∂ IYm-k-μ¿`-ßƒ Is≠Øn Ipdn-

°m≥ A[ym-]nI \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p.

Ht∂m ct≠m hnZym¿Yn-I-fpsS Ah-X-c-Ww.

IS-bn¬ Xq°n-bn-ń-cn-°p∂ AkwJyw Nn{X-ßƒ Znhm-I-cs\ A‘m-fn-∏n-

°p-∂p.

t^mt´m Xnc-bp-tºmƒ Znhm-I-c≥ t\cn-Sp∂ ]cn-{ -ahpw \ncm-ibpw.

th≠-s∏´ Nn{X-ßƒ GsX-∂-dn-bmsX Ipg-™p-t]m-Ip∂ Znhm-I-c≥

FÆn-Øn-´-s∏-Sp-Øm-\m-Im-Ø{X IS-Iƒ/ hn]-Wn-bnse D¬∏-∂-ß-fpsS

[mcm-fnØw.

Ombm-]-S-ßƒ kq£n-°p∂ apdn-I-fnse shfn®w Znhm-I-cs\ I_-fn-∏n-

°p-∂p.

Nn{X-ßƒ t\m°n-\n¬s° I¨t]m-f-Iƒ°v I\w-h-bv°p-∂p.

Ombm-]-S-ßƒ hmßm≥h∂v ]S-am-bn-Øo-cp∂ Znhm-I-c≥.

Cu Bi-b-ßƒ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn "D]-t`m-‡m-hns‚ [¿a-k-¶Sw' F∂ hnj-b-

Øn¬ D]-\ymkw Xbm-dm-°m≥ A[ym-]nI \n¿tZin-°p-∂p. Ipń-I-fpsS t]m¿´v

t^mfn-tbm-bn¬ CXv Dƒs∏-Sp-Ømw.

]{¥≠v

Fgp-ØIw 97

Zriy-kam\`mj ˛ \nco-£-W-°p-dn∏v

"Abmƒ BZy-am-bmWv B mKØv hcp-∂-sX∂v A]-cn-Nn-X-amb Hcp ]I-®p-t\m´w

hnfn-®-dn-bn-®p.'

"A{Xbpw ]d-™p-I-gn-™-t∏m-tg°v Abmƒ hnh-i-\m-bn-°-gn-™n-cp-∂p. Abm-fpsS

s\‰n-Ø-S-Øn¬ ]pXnb tKmf-ß-fp-≠m-bn.'

"]pXn-sbm-cp-’m-l-tØmsS Abmƒ IS-bv°p-≈n-te°v Ib-dn-t∏m-bn. AkwJyw

Nn{X-ßfpsS \nc-bv°p -ap-∂n¬ F¥p-sN-ø-W-sa-∂-dn-bmsX Ahn-sSbpw Znhm-I-c≥

]I-®p-\n-∂p.'

Cu IYm`m-K-ßƒ A[ym-]nI t_m¿Un¬ Fgp-Xp-∂p. IYm-Im-c≥ F∂-t]mse

Xs∂ Ne-®n-{X-Im-c≥ F∂ \ne-bnepw {]i-kvX-\mWv ]n.-]-fl-cm-P≥ F∂v A[ym-

]nI hni-Zo-I-cn-°p∂p IY-bpsS `mjbpw Ne-®n-{X-Øns‚ `mjbpw XΩn-ep≈

hyXymkw F¥mWv F∂v A[ym-]nI tNmZn°p-∂p.

H∂p-c≠v Ipń-Iƒ {]Xn-I-cn-°p-∂p.

IY-bn¬ enJnX- m-j-bv°mWv {]m[m\yw.

Ne-®n-{X-Øn¬ Zriy- m-jbv°mWv {]m[m\yw.

"Ah-Im-i-ß-fpsS {]iv\w' F∂ IY-bnse apI-fn¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ IYm-k-

μ¿`-Ønse `mj-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-sb¥v F∂v A[ym-]nI tNmZn-°p-∂p.

Zriy- mjtbmS-SpØp \n¬°p∂ mj.

\mS-Io-bhpw Zri-y-k-am-\-hp-amb BJym\w.

`mh-Xo-£v-WX

Zr-iy-`m-j-bpsS km[y-X-Iƒ IY-bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ ]n.-]-fl-cm-P\v Ign-™n-´p-

≠v. "Ah-Im-i-ß-fpsS {]iv\w' F∂ IY-bnse a‰v Zriy`m-jm-k-μ¿`-ßƒ

Is≠Øn CXn-hr-Ø-Øn\v Ah Fßs\ angn-th-Ip∂p F∂v hy‡n-K-X-ambn

\nco-£-W-°p-dn∏v FgpXm≥ A[ym-]nI \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p.

BJym-\sØ Zriym-fl-I-am-°p-tºm-gmWv Zriy-`mjtbmS-SpØp

\n¬°p∂ `mj cq]-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

Zriy-kam\`mj IYsb lrZ-b-kv]¿in-bm-°p-∂p.

Zriy-kam\`mj IYbv°v \mS-Io-bX \¬Ip-∂p.

m‚-kn-bpsS km[y-X-Iƒ IY-bn¬ e-{]-Z-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ km[n-

°p-∂Xv Zriy-`m-j-bpsS klm-b-Øm-emWv.

A[ym-]n-I-bpsS t{ImUo-I-cWwIqSn {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn \nco-£-W-°p-dn∏v Xbm-

dm-°m≥ ]d-bp-∂p. Cu Ipdn∏v t]m¿ vt^mfn-tbm-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-ØWw.

]h¿ t]mbn‚v \n¿amWw""shfn®w ZpxJam-WpÆo

ebmfw

98 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

Xa- t√m kpJ-{]Zw''

(C-cp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ CXn-lmkw ˛ A°n-Øw)

Cu hcn-Iƒ A[ym-]nI ]h¿ t]mbn‚n¬ ImWn-°p-∂p.

CXns‚ Bi-b-sa-s¥∂v tNmZn-°p-∂p.

Nne {]Xn-I-c-W-ßƒ.

Cu hcn-I-fpsS Bi-b-w "Ah-Im-i-ß-fpsS {]iv\w" F∂ IY-bnse {]ta-b-hp-

ambn Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øm-\m-Iptam F∂v A[ym-]nI tNmZn-°p∂p ˛ s]mXp-N¿®

IS-bnse shfn-®-Øns‚ [mcm-fn-Ø-Øn¬ NXn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Znhm-I-c≥.

Ombm-]-S-ßƒ hn¬°p∂ IS-I-fnse shfn-®-Øns‚ GI-Xm\ kz`mhw.

IS-I-fnse shfn®w cmhpw ]Iepw F∂ kzm`m-hn-Im-h-ÿsb \ntj-[n-

°p-∂p.

F√mw Xpd-∂p-Im-Wn-°p∂p F∂ hymtP-\-bp≈ I_-fn-∏n-°¬.

ka-Im-enI Np‰p-]m-Sn¬ shfn-®sØ NXn-hn-\p≈ D]m-[n-bm°n am‰p-∂pt≠m?

\nco-£Ww hy‡n-K-X-ambn Ipdn-°m≥ \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p.

hn]-Wn-bnse D¬∏-∂-ßƒ BI¿j-I-am-°m≥ shfn®w D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p.

BtLm-j-ß-fn¬ shfn-®-Øns‚ [q¿Øv.

BI¿j-I-amb ]m°-‰n¬ FØp∂ hnjw Ie¿∂ Blm-c-h-kvXp-°ƒ.

Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ Hcp ]h¿t]mbn‚ v Ah-X-c-W-Øn\v ]mI-amb coXn-bn¬ kw£n-

]vX-ambn Fgp-Xp-I. CXv D]-tbm-Kn®v ]h¿t]mbn‚ v ss…Uv \n¿an-°p-I.

Xmc-X-a-y-°p-dn∏v"{]Imiw Pew t]mse-bmWv', "Ah-Im-i-ß-fpsS {]iv\w' F∂o IY-Iƒ hni-Zambn

]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw A]-{K-Yn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp Ign-™-Xm-Wv. bmYm¿Yy-Øn-s‚bpw

anY-y-bp-sSbpw AXn-cp-Iƒ am™p-t]m-Ip∂ AXm-bXv bmYm¿Yyhpw mh-\bpw IqSn-

°-e-cp∂ IYm-k-μ¿ -ßƒ c≠p IY-I-fn-ep-ap-s≠∂v Bap-J-ambn A[ym-]nI ]d-

bp-∂p. c≠v IY-I-fn¬ \n∂pw CØcw kμ¿`-ßƒ Is≠Øn Ah-bnse hyXy-

kvX-X-Iƒ Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°mw. CsXmcp {Kq∏v {]h¿Ø-\-am-Wv.

{Kq∏v N¿® Ah-X-cWw

am¿sIz-kns‚ IY-bn¬ Xpd-apJ\Kcw hos≠-Sp-°p∂ Ipń-Isf ImWmw. hn]-

Wn-tbmSv ka-c-k-s∏´v t]mIp∂ ]pXp-X-e-ap-d-bpsS {]Xo-I-am-bmWv ]fl-cm-

Ps‚ IY-bn¬ Ipń-Iƒ hcp-∂Xv.

am¿sIz-kn¬ {]Imiw {]Xo-£-bpsS {]Xo-Iw, ]fl-cm-P-\n¬ NXn-bpsS \ndw.

]{¥≠v

Fgp-ØIw 99

c≠p IY-I-fnepw bmYm¿YysØ mh-\-bp-ambn Iqń-bn-W-°p-∂Xv Ipń-I-fmWv.

N¿®-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ hy‡n-K-Xambn Xmc-X-ay-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°m≥ \n¿tZin-

°p-∂p.

kwhmZw

""Iq´p-Im-scm-Øp-s≈≥ Nn{X-Øn¬

as‰m-cm-tfbpw Rm≥ I≠oe''

(A¿°w B‰q¿ chn-h¿Ω)

Cu hcn-Iƒ ¢mkn¬ Hcp Ipń-sb-s°m≠v sNm√n-°p-∂p. acn-®p-t]mb amXm-]n-Xm-

°-fpsS Ombm-]Sw At\z-jn®v IS-Iƒ tXmdpw Ib-dn-bn-d-ßp∂ Znhm-I-cs\ IY-

bn¬ \mw I≠p. Ct∏mƒ \mw tI´ hcn-I-fnse "Rm≥' Fß-s\-bp≈ BfmWv

F∂ tNmZyw A[ym-]nI D∂-bn-°p-∂p. s]mXp-N¿®.

c≠p-aq∂v Ipń-I-fpsS {]Xn-I-cWw.

t{ImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-≠Xv

Bflm-\p-cm-Kn-bmb Hcmƒ

kzm¿Y-\mb Hcmƒ

kaq-l-Øn\v apJw Xncn-™n-cn-°p∂ Hcmƒ

XpS¿∂v A[ym-]nI Nne Imcy-ßƒ ¢mkn¬ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p.

samss_¬t^m¨ kvam¿ vt^mWmbn amdn-b-tXmsS AXv \ΩpsS Pohn-X-co-Xnsb

Bg-Øn¬ kzm[o-\n-°m≥ XpS-ßn. sFU‚n‰n Im¿Un\v th≠n am{Xw kz¥w

t^mt´m FSp-Øn-cp∂ kaqlw {I-taW sk¬^n-bn-te°v amdn.

]pXnb Xe-apd sk¬^n-bn¬ A`n-c-an-°p-∂pthm F∂pw A]-I-S-Øn¬s∏Sp∂-hsc

klm-bn -°p-∂-Xn\p ]Icw t^mt´m FSp-°p-∂Xv \√-XmtWm F∂pw

A[-ym-]nI tNmZn-°p-∂p.

"t^mt´m tPW-en-k-Øns‚ KpW-tZm-j-ßƒ' F∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ Hcp kwhmZw

kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p. sk¬^nsb A\p-Iq-en-°p-∂-hcpw FXn¿°p-∂-h-cp-ambn Ipń-Isf

c≠v {Kq∏p-I-fm°p-∂p. c≠v {Kq∏n-s\bpw {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn®v aq∂v Ipń-Isf hoXw

£Wn-°p-∂p. A[ym-]nI tamU-td-‰-dm-hp-∂p.

kwhm-Z-Øn¬ ]s¶-SpØv Ipń-Iƒ kz¥w \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

tamU-td-‰-dpsS t{ImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-≠Xv.

Bflm-hn-jvImcw Bfl-{]-iw-k-bm-h-cpXv.

Bflm-\p-cm-K-sØ-°mƒ kaq-l-tk-h\ at\m- m-h-amWv t{]m¬km-ln-∏n-

°-s∏-tS-≠Xv.

hy‡nXzw Ir{Xn-a-ambn \n¿Ωn-t°-≠-X-√.

_mly-{]-I-S-\-sØ-°mƒ B¥cn-I-ip-≤n-bmWv th≠-Xv.

Pohn-X-Ønse A]q¿h-\n-an-j-ßsf sk¬^n AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p.

kn.kn.-Sn.-hn-bpsS KpW-tZm-j-ßƒ.

ebmfw

100 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

Db¿∂p-h∂ Bi-b-ßƒ Dƒs∏-SpØn kwhmZ dnt∏m¿´v hy‡n-K-X-ambn Xbm-dm-

°m≥ ]d-bp-∂p. kwhmZ dnt∏m¿ v t]m¿ vt^mfn-tbm-hn¬ tN¿°mw.

skan-\m¿

hr≤-k-Z-\-ß-sf-∏-‰n-bp≈ Hcp teJ\w hmbn-°p-∂p. Xmsg-s°m-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ Ihn-

Xbpw tIƒ∏n-°p-∂p.

"AΩsb Ipfn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ'F∂

kmhn{Xn cmPo-hs‚ IhnX A[-ym-]nI ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

GXp cN-\-bmWv sshIm-cn-I-ambn \sΩ kzm[o-\n-®Xv? Imc-W-sa¥v?

{]Xn-I-c-W-ßƒ

c≠p cN-\bpw DW¿Ønb A\p- qXn hyXykvXw.

teJ\w bp‡n- -{Z-ambn hkvXp-X-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ

IhnX sshIm-cn-Im-\p- q-Xnbmbn \sΩ Ae- p-∂p.

"Btcm-Ky-\n-tI-X-\w' Xmcm-i-¶¿ _m\¿Pn Fgp-Xnb t\mh-emWv; "`qan-

bpsS Ah-Im-inIƒ' _jo-dns‚ IY-bpw.

[m¿anIaqey-ßƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ IrXn-bmWv Btcm-Ky-\n-tI-X-\w.

`qan a\p-jy-t‚-Xp- am-{X-a√ F∂ t_m[w _jo-dns‚ IY \Ωn¬

DW¿Øp-∂p.

Fw.-_n.-_n.-Fk.v hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ "Btcm-Ky-\n-tI-X-\hpw' B¿°n-sS-Iv‰p-Iƒ "`qan-

bpsS Ah-Im-in-Ifpw' hmbn-t°-≠-Xpt≠m?

s]mXp-N¿®

kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-bpsS hmb-\-bn-eqsS Hcp tUmIvS-dpsS aqey-t_m-[-sa-s¥∂pw

F√m Poh-Pm-e-ßfpw A[n-h-kn-°p∂ qan-bn¬ Hcp B¿°n-sSIv‰v Fßs\ sIń-

S-ßƒ \n¿Ωn-°-W-a∂pw s{]m -j-W-ep-Iƒ a\- n-em-°pw.

]T-\-am-[yaw amXr- mjXs∂ Bth-≠-Xpt≠m?

s]mXp-N¿®

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS kzm`m-hn-I-Xbv°v KpW-Icw amXr- m-j-bn-eq-sS-bp≈ ]T-

\-am-Wv.

`cW`mjbpw tImS-Xn- m-jbpw amXr- m-j-bm-tI-≠-Xpt≠m?

km[m-c-W-°m¿ CS-s]-Sp∂ F√m-bn-S-ß-fnepw amXr- m-j-bm-hWw am[y-aw.

CØcw ImgvN-∏m-Sp-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ amXr- m-jbv°v \¬tI-≠p∂

{]m[m\yw hne-bn-cp-Øp∂ Hcp skan-\m¿ kwL-Sn-∏n-°mw. ]cn-K-Wn-°m-hp∂ taJ-

e-Iƒ;

amXr- m-jbpw kmaq-ln-I-Po-hn-Xhpw

amXr- m-jbpw kwkvIm-chpw

amXr-`m-jbpw t_m[-\-am-[y-ahpw

amXr- m-jbpw c-W- m-jbpw

amXr- m-jbpw am[y-a-ßfpw

amXr- m-jbpw X¿P-abpw

]{¥≠v

Fgp-ØIw 101

amXr- m-jbpw kmaq-ln-IPo-hn-Xhpw

kmaq-lnI CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ Imcy-£-a-am-°m≥ amXr-`m-jm-⁄m\w A\n-

hmcyw.

A\y`mjm]cn-⁄m-\-°p-dhv Hcp t]mcm-bva-bmbn IW-°m-°p∂ at\m-

`mhw amtd-≠Xp-≠v.

-amXr- m-jbpw kwkvIm-chpw Pohn-X-Øns‚ ka-kvX-`m-h-ßfpw tNcp-tºm-gmWv kwkvImcw F∂

LSIw cq]-s∏-Sp-∂Xv.

hnhn[ Adn-hp-Iƒ, hnizm-k-ßƒ, Ie-Iƒ, BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\ßƒ,

kZm-Nm-c-\n-b-a-ßƒ, kmaq-ln-I-t_m[w XpS-ßn-b-h-bp-sS-sbms°

BsI-Øp-I-bmWv Hcp hy‡n-bpsS kwkvIm-csØ \n¿W-bn-°p-∂-Xv.

Ch-bpsS kzmwio-I-c-Whpw hn\n-a-bhpw \S-t°-≠Xv {][m-\-ambpw

hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-eq-sSbm-Wv.

amXr-`m-j-bn-eq-sS-bp≈ hnZym-`ym-k-Ønt\ kmwkvIm-cnI hn\n-a-b-Øn-

\p≈ Nme-I-i‡nbm-Im-\m-hq.

C\n-bp≈ hnj-b-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Ipń-Iƒ At\-z-jn®p Is≠-Ø-s´. skan-\mdn\v

Znhkw Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂p. {]_‘w Ah-X-cn-∏n-t°-≠-≠-h-scbpw tamU-td-‰-sdbpw

\n›-bn-°p-∂p. {]_-‘m-h-X-c-W-ßƒ°ptijw N¿®-bm-hmw. F√m Ipń-Ifpw skan-

\m¿ dnt∏m¿s´gpX-Ww. CXv t]m¿ v t^mfn-tbm-bn¬ htc-≠-Xm-Wv.

Xp©-Øm-Nm-cy≥ ˛ sI.-]n. \mcm-b-W-]n-jm-tcmSn Xp©≥{]-_-‘-ßƒ ˛ tIc-f -km-lnXy A°m-Zan Fgp-Ø-—s‚ Ie ˛ ]n.-sI. _me-Ir-jvW≥ Infn-∏m´v ˛ tUm. F≥. apIp-μ≥ Imhy-I-e-bnse {]iv\-ßƒ ˛ Ah-Xm-c-I≥: tUm.- tZ-i-aw-Kew cma-Ir-jvW≥ am¿sIzkvhmb\ ˛ sI. Poh≥Ip-am¿ GIm-¥-\-K-c-ßƒ ˛ ]n.-sI. cmP-ti-J-c≥ Im¬∏-\n-I-Xbpw ae-bm-f-t\-hepw ˛ tUm. \¥yØv tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥ knw_-enkw ae-bm-f-I-hn-X-bn¬ ˛ sI.-Fw. thWp-tKm-]m¬ IS-Ω-\n-´-°mew ˛ tUm. sI.-F-kv. chn-Ip-am¿ IYbpw ^m‚-knbpw ˛ tUm. h’-e≥ hmXp-t»cn IYm-¥cw ˛ hn.-B¿. kp[ojv ae-bm-f-`m-jm-N-cn{Xw ˛ FUn-‰¿: Fkv.-hn. thWp-tKm-]≥\mb¿ ]fl-cm-P≥: Zpc-¥-Im-a-\-I-fnse K‘¿h≥ ˛ tUm. kPnØv Ghq-tcØv A]-cnNnX Xo¿Ym-S-I¿ ˛ hnh¿Ø\w: sI. cm[m-Ir-jvW-hm-cy-¿

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-ßƒ

ebmfw

102 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

Hmtcm a\p-jy-\pw kzXzw At\z-jn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ bm{X-bm-Wv. aÆnepwkwkvIr-Xn-bnepw Du∂nb aqey-ßƒ Is≠-Øn-Øp-S-ßp-tºmtg B bm{XA¿Y]q¿W-am-Ip-∂p-≈q. hyXy-kvX- [m-c-I-fn-eqsS Pohn-X-sØbpw A\p-`-h-ß-sfbpw aÆn¬ Ipdn-®n-Sm≥ XpS-ßp-tºmƒ AXn¬ sshhn-[y-ßfpw kwPm-X-am-Ip-∂p. aÆns‚ \ndhpw K‘-hp-ap≈ sshhn-[y-ßƒ \jvS-s∏-Sp-∂-XmWvC∂p temIw t\cn-Sp∂ {][m\ sh√p-hn-fn-Ifnsem∂v.

]p√m-¶p-g-ens‚ apc-fo-\mZw AXns\ apf-¶m- n¬\n∂p shń-am-‰n-b-Xns‚ thZ-\-Iq-Sn-bm-sW∂v Ihn Pem-ep-±o≥ dqan ]mSp-∂p. Pohn-XsØ {]Im-i-`-cn-X-am-°p∂ kwkvIm-c-am-Ip∂ hnf°n¬ FÆ]IcpI F∂ [¿Ω-amWv Ie-Iƒs°∂pw \n¿h-ln-°m-\p-≈-Xv. "X\-XnSw' t]cp-sIm≠pw D≈-S°wsIm≠pw A\z¿Y-am-t°-≠Xv A{]-Im-c-am-Wv. bp\kvtIm AwKo-I-cn® ]pXnb\q‰m-≠ns‚ ]mTy-]-≤Xn "Hcp-an®p Pohn-°m≥ ]Tn°q' F∂p ]d-bp-∂-tXm-sSm∏w "kzXzsØ Adn-bm≥ ]Tn°q' F∂pw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p. \h-\m-K-cn-IX a\p-jy-s\bpw a\p-jys‚ ÿe-Im-e-ß-sfbpw ]p\¿\n¿Ωn®p Ign™C°meØv qan-tbmfw hep-Xmb Hcp hyh-lm-c-a-fi-e-Øn¬ Ign-bp∂ a\p-jy\p Xs‚ a\- ns\ B \ne-bn¬ hnI-kz-c-am-°m≥ Ign-b-Ww. H∏w Xs∂Xm\m-°nb kq£vam-¥-co-£sØ a\- n-em-°m\pw Ign-b-Ww.

a[y-Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse Im°me-∑m¿ (Ipd-h∑m¿) Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ kmaq-lnI hnt\m-Z-I-e-bmWv Im°m-c»n\mSIw. tIc-f-Ønse {]mNo\\mS-I-I-em-cq]w IqSn-bmb Im°m-c»n\mS-I-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv "X\-XnS'Ønte°p {]th-in-°p-∂-Xv. XpS¿∂v ae-bm-f-°-c-bnse hnhn[ Iem-cq-]-ß-fmb sXøw, Xnd,apSn-tb‰v, IqØv, IqSn-bm´w F∂nh ka-\z-bn-°p∂ IY-I-fn-bm-Wv ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. IY-Ifn ae-bm-fn-bpsS A`n-am-\-am-Ip-∂-Xn\p ]e Imc-W-ß-fp-≠v. Blm-cy-Øns‚ A\\y-X Xs∂ {][m-\w. IÆns‚ DƒØSw Na-b-Øn\v B[m-c-am-°nb kμ¿`-ßƒ Iem-cw-KØp Ipd-hm-Wv. F∂m¬ {]Ir-Xn-Z-Ø-amb Xc-Øn¬ IÆp Nph-∏n®v ae-bmfn AZv`pXw Na-bv°p-∂p.

\fNcnXw \memwZnhkØnse "tIin\osamgn' F∂ ]mT`mKØn¬ÿm\am\{`jvS-\m-bn, \nkz-\m-bn, \ncm-ew-_-\mbn ad-hn¬ Ign-bp∂ [otcm-

X\-XnSw2

B ap Jw

]{¥≠v

X\-XnSw 103

ZmØ\pw AXn{]Xm-]-KpWhm\p-amb \fs\ Xs‚ kq£va_p≤n-sIm≠v Xnc-bp∂ Za-b-¥n-sbbpw At\z-jWZrjvSn-bn-eqsS Is≠-Øp∂ tIin-\n-sbbpwkrjvSn®v DÆm-bn-hm-cy¿ \f-N-cn-X-Ønse kv{XoI-Ym-]m{X{]m-[m\yw hy‡-am-°p-∂p.

`cW-IqShna¿i-\-Øn\p ss[cyw Im´p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w ]uc-k-aq-l-Øns‚ t_mt[m-ZbwIqSn e£ywhbv°p∂ Imhm-e-Øns‚ "A·n-h¿Ws‚ Imep-Iƒ' tIc-f-Øns‚ X\-Xp-\m-S-I-th-Zn°v apX¬°q-´mb \mS-I-am-Wv. `mc-Xo-bhpw tIc-fo-bhpamb ]mc-º-cy-Øns‚ Bfl-i-‡nsb B´hpw ]m´pw sIm´pw AS-ßp∂ Xucy-{Xn-I-Øns‚ AI-º-Sn-tbmsS Ac-ßØv IpSn-bn-cp-Øm-\p≈ {iaw Chn-sS-bp-≠v.Iem-a-fiew sslZ-c-en-bpsS "]Z-Øns‚ ]Y-Øn¬' F∂ Bfl-I-Ym-`mKw Iem-Im-cs‚ Bfl-kw-L¿j-tØm-sSm∏w IY-I-fn-sb-t∏m-ep≈ t£{X-I-e-Iƒ \thm-∞m-\-aq-ey-ß-fpsS `mK-ambn atX-X-c-am-Ip∂ Ncn-{X-Im-e-L-´sØbpw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. a‰p am∏n-f-∏m-´p-I-fn¬\n∂pw XnI®pw hyXy-kvX-amb tIc-fob]›m-Ø-ehpw kwkvIm-c-hp-amWv ]pen-t°m- n¬ sslZ-dns‚ IrXn-I-fn-ep-≈-Xv. sslZdns‚IrXn-I-fnse tIc-fo-b-X-sb-°p-dn®v IqSpX¬ ASp-Ø-dn-bm≥ D]-I-cn-°p∂ teJ-\-amWv tUm. Fw.F≥. Imc-t»-cn-bpsS "am∏n-f-∏m-ńse tIc-fo-bX.'

'X\XnSw' F∂ bqWn‰n¬ kmlnXy]mTtØmsSm∏w cwK]mTØn\pw {]m[m\yw\¬Ins°m≠mWv ]T\{]h¿Ø\ßƒ {IaoIcn®n´p≈Xv. ]m›m-Xy-I-e-IsfAt]-£n®v mc-XobIe-bv°p≈ khn-ti-j-X Ah-X-c-W-Øn\p \¬Ip∂ {]m[m-\y-amWv. IYm-K-Xn-bn¬ ]pXp-a-sbm-∂p-a-ns√-¶nepw AXn\v Bkzm-Z-I-cp≠v. HmtcmAh-X-c-W-Øn-epw \S≥ ImgvN-h-bv°p∂ anIhv, at\m-[¿Ωw, sshhn[yw, ]q¿W-X F∂nh ImWm-\mWv t{]£-I-sc-Øp-∂-Xv.

{]th-i-I-{]-h¿Ø\w

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Za-b-¥n-bpsS c≠mw kzbw-hc{]Jym-]-\-a-dn™v EXp-]¿Walm-cm-Pmhpwkmc-Yn-bmb _mlp-I\pw IpWvUn-\-Øn-se-Øp-∂p. CX-dn™ Za-b¥n,sIm´m-c-Øn-se-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂ _mlp-I≥ \f-\mtWm F∂v ]co-£n-®-dn-bm≥Xp\n-bp-∂p. AXn-\mbn Xs‚ ka¿Y-bmb tXmgn tIin-\nsb \ntbm-Kn-°p-∂p. tXmgn _mlp-Is‚ hnti-j-ßƒ t\cn´pw A√m-sXbpw a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw AsX√mw Za-b-¥n-tbmSv ]d-bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. \f-N-cnXw B´-°-Y-bn¬ \memw Znh-k-Øn-ep≈ Bdmw cwK-Ønse Cu kμ¿`-amWv ]mT-`m-Kw.

$ shfn-®ta sN∂p.......... hnPt\ ]d-™mƒ

_mlp-Is‚ ap∂n¬ t\cn-´p-sN∂v Hmtcm∂v At\z-jn-®-Xn\v Ifn-a-ń¬Ah≥ ]d™ hm°p-Iƒ tIń´v ]n¥n-cn-bp-Ibpw tijw ad-™p-\n∂psIm≠v Nne-sX√mw a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw sNbvX ZqXn-bmb tIin\na‰m-cp-an-√mØ ÿe-tØ°v ssànsb hnfn-®p-sIm-≠p-t]m-bn´v ]d-™p.

$ ]qam-Xn-s\m-Ø........... sNm∂m≥

e£vao-tZ-hn-sb-t∏mse at\m-l-c-amb X\p-thm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-fmb ssào \otI´mepw. Cu _mlp-I≥ ]pcp-j-c-Xv\-am-Wv. _p≤n-am-\mb Ah≥Ft∂mSv Ahs‚ t]cpw a‰p hnh-c-ßfpw ]d-™p.

$ \f-\n-s√m-c-]-cm-[w.............-^-en-X-at{X ]m¿tØmfw

\f≥ Hc-]-cm-[hpw sNbvXn-ń-√ t]mepw. h√ A]-cm-[hpw sNbvXn-´p-s≠-¶n¬ Ipe-\m-cn°v tIm]w D≠m-h-cpXv t]m¬. hm°p-Iƒ tIń´vZpjvS-\m-sW∂p tXm∂p-∂n-√. Fs¥-¶nepw Ifhv D≈-Xmbpw tXm∂p-∂n-√. thsdbpw ]e Imcy-ßfpw ]d-™p. {i≤n-®n-S-tØmfw ]eXpwXam-i-bm-bn-´mWv tXm∂p-∂-Xv.

$ A∂mZn]mI-kw-`m-cw....................-Z-l-\≥ IØn-bp-Zmcw(C-hnsS ]d-bp∂ Imcy-ßƒ tIin\n ad-™p-\n∂p \nco-£n-®-t∏mƒI≠-Xm-Wv).

tNmdpw Idn-Ifpw ]mIw sNøm-\p≈ hkvXp-h-I-Iƒ oa-cm-Pm-hns‚ I¬∏-\-b-\p-k-cn®v FØn-t®¿∂Xv Rm≥ I≠p. At∏mƒ IpS-Øn¬ sh≈w\nd-™p. Gsd IuXp-I-Icw Xs∂. bmsXm-c-l-¶m-chpw C√msX tLmch”n \∂mbn IØp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

$ thtK\ h®-sßm.................... Ah-I-f-t∏mƒ hnf-ßo

s]s´∂v ]mNIw Xo¿Øn v tZl-ip-≤nbpw hcpØn EXp-]¿Ws\ sN∂phW-ßp-I-bm-bn. XncnsI h∂v tXcn¬ HXp-ßn-°q-Sn. tXcnse ]pjv]m-e-¶m-c-sa√mw aßnb ań-em-bn-cp-∂p. _mlp-I≥ Ah ssIbn-se-SpØvXncp-Ωm≥ XpS-ßn. Ah-sb√mw At∏mƒ tim`n-°m≥ XpS-ßn.

hfsc kt¥m-j-tØmsS ZqXnbmb tIin\n ]d™ hm¿Ø-Iƒ tI´-t∏mƒ Za-b-¥n°v AXn-bmb B\-μ-ap-≠m-bn. "ss\j-[-\n-h≥ Xm≥ Hco-j-en√ ta \n¿Wbw' (F-\n°v bmsXmcp kwi-b-hp-an√, Ch≥ \f≥Xs∂) F∂v Za-b¥n a\- n¬ Dd-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

]mT-kμ¿`w

]{¥≠v

X\-XnSw 111

t«mIw, ]Zw, ZWvUIw

t«mI-ßfpw ]Z-ßfp-amWv s]mXpsh B´°-Y-I-fn-ep-≈-Xv. Nne

B´°-Y-I-fn¬ Ht∂m ct≠m ZWvUIßfpw ImWpw. Hcp hcn-bn¬ 26 A£-

c-Øn¬ IqSp-Xep≈ ]Zy-amWv ZWvUIw. Iptd-tbsd {Inb-Iƒ Hcp-an®p \S-

°p∂Xv Bhn-jvI-cn-°m-\mWv ZWvUIw. imkv{XobkwKo-X-Ønse cmKhpw

Xmfhpw A\p-k-cn®vv Kmb-I≥am¿ \S-≥am¿°p ]n∂n¬ \n∂v ]mSp-∂XmWv

]Zw. ]√hn, A\p-]√-hn, Nc-W-ßƒ F∂nh tN¿∂ ]Zw IYm]m{X-ßfpsS

`mjW-am-Wv. \S-≥am¿°p th≠nbp≈ hmNn-Im-`n-\-b-amWv ê-Øn¬

KmbI¿ \S-Øp∂Xv. cwKØv Ah-X-cn-∏n°msX ]Zßƒ°nSbn¬ hn´pIf™

IYm`mKw Npcp°n∏d™v t{]£Isc klmbn°m\p≈XmWv t«mIßƒ.

\f\pw hcßfpw

Zab¥okzbwhcØn¬ kw_‘n°p∂Xn\p \f≥ t]mIp∂ hgn°v

C{μ≥, A·n, hcpW≥, ba≥ F∂o \mep tZh∑msc I≠papń. Ah¿ \fs\

XS™p\n¿Øn. Xßfn¬ Hcmsf hcn°m≥ Zab¥nsb D]tZin°p∂Xn\p

th≠n Ah¿ \fs\ ZqX\mbn Ab®p. Zab¥n, \fs\ am{Xta ¿Ømhmbn

hcn°pIbp≈q F∂dnbn®p. kzbwhcØn¬ tZh∑m¿ \mept]cpw \fs‚

cq]Øn¬ {]Xy£s∏´p. bYm¿Y \fs\ ImWn®pXcWsa∂v Zab¥n

AhtcmSv {]m¿Yn®p. AX\pkcn®v Ah¿ kz¥w cq]w {]m]n°pIbpw \f\v

Hmtcm hcßƒ \¬IpIbpw sNbvXp.

\f≥ kvacn°p∂ DSs\ ASpØp h∂v tkhn®psIm≈msa∂v A·n

hm°psImSpØp. AX\pkcn®v \f≥ Hcp \√ ]mNI°mc\mbn. \f]mIw

{]kn≤amWt√m. \f≥ [¿Ω\njvT\mbncn°psa∂v ba≥ A\p{Kln®p.

kvacWam{Xbn¬ Xs∂ Pew e`n°psa∂v hcpW≥ A\p{Kln®p. bmKØn¬

tam£w {]Xy£ambncn°s´ F∂ hcamWv C{μ≥ \¬InbXv.

.

tIin\osamgn-bn-te°v

]mT`mKtØ°p {]thin°p∂Xn\mbn \fNcnXw IY IpńIfpambn

]¶phbv°mw. ]mTkμ¿`w hcp∂ IYm`mKw Du∂n∏dbWw. XpS¿∂v

'tIin\osamgn ' F∂ ]mT`mKØns‚ HmUntbm tIƒ∏n°mw.

ebmfw

112 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

A]{KY\°pdn∏v

• òacmP-[m-\n-bn-se-Øn-bXv \f-\m-sW-∂-Xn¬ X\n°v bmsXmcp kwi-b-hp-an-s√∂ Bfl-K-X-Øn¬ Za-b¥n FØn-t®¿∂-sX-ßs\ F∂-dn-bm≥ ]mT-`m-K-Øns‚ A¿Y-Xew ka-{K-ambn A]-{K-Yn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. c≠p -kq-N-\Isf

ap≥\n¿Øn CXv km[y-am-hp-sa∂v A[ym-]nI ]d-bp-∂p.

N¿®mkqN-\I-ƒ

♦ _mlp-I-s\-∏‰n Fs¥√mw hnti-j-ß-fmWv Za-b-¥n-tbmSv tIin\n ]d-™Xv?

♦ _mlp-I≥ \f≥ Xs∂-sb∂v Za-b-¥n°v Dd-∏p-\¬Im≥ tIin\n\¬Ip∂ kqN-\-Iƒ Fs¥-√m-amWv?

• kqN\-I--fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬, hnhn[ {Kq∏p-I-fmbn ]mT-`mKw A]-{K-Yn-°m≥

\n¿tZin-°p-∂p. {Kq∏-h-X-c-Ww.

• ]mTm-]-{K-Y\w A[ym-]nI {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.

Zriym-hn-jvImcw ˛ A]-{K-Y\w

'tIin-\osamgn' F∂ ]mT- m-K-Øns‚ Zriy-mhn-jvImcw bqSyq_nep≈Xv {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p. \nXy-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ \mw [cn-°p∂Xpt]msebmtWm IY-I-fn-bnseIYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS thjw? s]mXp-N¿®.

♦ \mSy-[¿an{][m-\-amb Ie-bmWv IY-Ifn. AXn-\m¬ IY-I-fn-thjwAkm-[m-c-Whpw Aeu-In-I-{]XoXn Df-hm-°p-∂-Xp-am-hpw.

♦ IYm-]m{Xkz`m-h-a-\p-k-cn -®mWv IY-I-fn-bn¬ thj-ß-fp-≈-Xv.kv{XoIƒ°v an\p°v thj-am-Wv.

♦ Za-b-¥n-bp-sSbpw tIin-\n-bp-sSbpw thjw an\p°mWv. apJw an\p°n]Øn-°o‰v hc-®v, XneIw Nm¿Øn intcm-hkv{Xw, saøm- -c-W-ßƒ XpS-ßn-bh AWn-bp-∂p.

• A`n-\-b-Øn¬ {]I-S-amb {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ Fs¥√mw? s]mXp-N¿®.

♦ BwKn-Im-`n-\-b-Øn-\mWv {]m[m\yw.

♦ BwKnIm-`n-\-b-Øn¬ Xs∂ k¿h{]m[m\yw lkvX-ap-{Zm-`n-\-b-Øn\m-Wv. Hmtcm ]Z-Øn-s‚bpw A¿Yw lkvX-ap-{Z-IƒsIm-≠mWv ImWn-°p-∂-Xv. IY-I-fn-bn¬ "lkvX-e-£-W-Zo-]n-I'-bnse 24 ASn-ÿm-\-ap-{Z-I-fpsS sshhn-[y-am¿∂ {]tbm-K-co-Xn-bmWv {][m\w.

♦ ]mT- m-K-Ønse ]Zm-cw- -Øn¬ ap{Zm- n-\bkm[y-X-Iƒ°mWv {]m[m-\yw.e£vaotZhn-bp-sSbpw [oam-s‚-bp-sa√mw ap{Z-Iƒ IS∂phcpw. CSbv°vhcp∂ \rØ-{]-[m-\-amb Iem-i-ß-fp-ap-≠v.

♦ ]mN-I-Øns‚ ap{Z-Iƒ AS-ßp∂ cwK-{In-b.

♦ _mlp-Is‚ AZv`p-X-{]-hrØn-Iƒ (sh≈w \nd-bp-∂X,v Xo IØp-∂-

]{¥≠v

X\-XnSw 113

Xv) ap{Zm-{]-tbm-K-ß-fn-eqsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

♦ "kmtI-X-]-Xnsb hWßn' F∂v tIin\n ]d-bp-tºmƒ hnj-an-°p∂Za-b¥n Icbp∂p. Xs‚ `¿Ømhv cmPm-hm-W-t√m. as‰mcp cmPm-hns\hW-ßp-∂-Xn¬ Za-b-¥n°v Xm¬∏-cy-an-√. Cu ka-bØv tIin\n Za-b-¥nsb km¥z-\n-∏n-°p-∂Xpw Ac-ßn¬ ImWmw.

♦ ]q°ƒ hnS¿∂phcp-∂Xp ImWn-°p-tºmƒ D≈ B›-cyw.

• Zriym-hn-jvIm-c-Øn¬ kwKoXw F{]-Im-c-am-bn-cp∂p? s]mXp-N¿®.

♦ IY-I-fn-kw-KoXw Km\w am{X-a-√, Zriy-I-e-bnse kw`m-jWw IqSn-bm-Wv. IY-I-fn-bpsS hmNn-I-amWv kwKo-Xw.

♦ IY-I-fn -bn¬ A`n\b-kw-Ko-X-am-Wp-≈-Xv. \Ss‚ BwKnIhpwkmXznIhpamb A`n\bsØ t]mjn∏n°pIbmWv IYIfnkwKoX-Øns‚ e£yw.

♦ tkm]m\ coXn-bmWv {][m-\w. I¿Wm-SIkwKo-Xhpw \mtSmSnkwKo-Xhpw lnμp-ÿm\nkwKo-X-hp-sa√mw B[p-\nIImeØv IY-IfnkwKo-X-Øn¬ IS∂pIqSn-bn-´p-≠v.

♦ BSm\p≈ `mhw kw{Ian∏n°p∂Xv IYIfnbn¬ kwKoXamWv.AXn\m¬ AXv `mhkwKoXamWv.

♦ \mw I≠ Zriym-hn-jvIm-c- m-KØv Z¿_m¿cm-K-amWv {]tbm-Kn-®n- p-≈-Xv.

♦ DÆmbnhmcy-cpsS CjvS-Xm-f-amb sNº-S-bmWv Cu `mK-Øp-≈-Xv.

♦ ]Xn™ ]Z-a√ CXv. Imew Ib-‰n-bmWv ]mSp-∂-Xv.

GIm- n-\bw, aqIm- n-\bw

• IY-I-fn-bnse Hcp Zriy-Iemkμ¿`-amWv ]mT-`m-Kw. _mlp-Is‚ {]hr-Øn-Iƒ ]eXpw tIin\n Hfn-™p-\n∂v ImWp-∂p-≠n-hn-sS. Fs¥-√m-am-Wh? s]mXp-N¿®.

♦ ]mN-I-k-μ¿`-Øn¬ IpS-Øn¬ X\nsb sh≈w \nd-bp-∂-Xv, hnNm-cn-®-t\cw ASp-∏n¬ Xo∏nSn-°p-∂-Xv.

♦ ]mN-I-Øn\p tijw _mlp-I≥ EXp-]¿Ws\ hWßn tXcn-se-Øp-Ibpw tXcnse aßn-t∏mb ]pjv]m-e-¶mcw Xncp-Ωn-bt∏mƒ ]g-b-]Sntim`n-°m≥ XpS-ßp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

• t{ImUo-I-c-W-Øn\p tijw A[ym-]nI GIm-`n-\bw F¥m-sW-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v eLp-hn-i-Zo-I-cWw \¬Ip-∂p. hyXykvX IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS `mh-˛-`m-j-W-˛-i-cocNe\ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ cwKØv HcmƒXs∂ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-XmWvGIm-`n-\-bw. tIin\n Hfn-™p-\n∂p I≠ _mlp-Is‚ {]hr-Øn-Iƒ enÃvsNbvXp-I-gn-™p. CXv GIm-`n-\-b-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-W-sa-¶n¬ Fs¥√mwImcy-ßƒ thWw? s]mXp-N¿®.

♦ \S≥, \Sn, eLp-hmb Nabw, D]-I-c-W-ßƒ, Xmfw XpS-ßn-bh.

♦ eLp-kv{In]v‰v

• eLp-kv{In]v‰v Fgp-Xp-∂-Xn\pw A`n-\-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ Ipń-Isf Is≠-Øp-∂p. Ah-X-c-W-Øn-\p≈ Znh-kw Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂p. a‰p Ipń-Iƒ Ah-X-cWwI≠v hne-bn-cp-Øn A`n-{]mbw ]d-tb-≠-Xm-Wv. GIm-`n-\bw t]mse aqIm-`n-\-bhpap≠v. aqIm-`n-\-b-Øns‚ khn-tij-X-Iƒ Fs¥-√m-amWv? s]mXp-N¿®.

ebmfw

114 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

♦ ico-c-N-e-\-Øn\pw ap{Zm-`n-\-b-Øn-\pw am{Xw CS-ap≈ `mh-{]-I-S-\w.kw`m-j-Whpw cwK-k-÷o-I-c-Whpw thjhpw `mh-Øn-\-\p-Kp-W-ambkwKo-Xhpw aqIm-`n-\-b-Øn¬ Hgn-hm-°-Ww. `mh-Xew t\cn´v {]I-S-am-hmØ hn[-ap≈ kwKo-X-Øns‚ km[y-X-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. kwLm`n-\-b-amWv DNnXw.

tIin\n Hfn™pI≠ _mlpI{]hrØnIƒ aqIm`n\bambn AhXcn∏n°mw.

GIm`n\bØn\v apt∂m´ph® ]T\{]{Inb AtX]Sn Ahew_n®psIm≠v

Cu cwK\n¿hlWØn\v A[ym]nI t\XrXzw sImSpt°≠XmWv.

IYm-]m-{X-\n-cq-]Ww

• NphsS tN¿°p∂ ae-bmf kn\namKm\-ß-fn-te°v A[ym-]nI hnZym¿Yn-I-fpsS {i≤ £Wn-°p-∂p.

N{I-h¿Øn\o ..... k∂ym-kn-\o..... {]mW-k-Jo..... t{]a- n-£pIo

• a‰p kn\n-am-Km-\-ß-fn¬\n∂p hyXy-kvX-ambn Cu Km\-ßƒ°p≈ s]mXp-hmb {]tXy-IX F¥v? s]mXp-N¿®.

♦ kwt_m-[-\-bn¬ XpS-ßp∂p.

♦ sshIm-cn-I-amb ASp-∏sØ Xo£vW-am-°m≥ kwt_m-[-\bv°v Ign-bp∂p.

• "tIin\osamgn' F∂ ]mT-`m-KØv Za-b-¥n-sbbpw _mlp-I-s\bpw Ipdn-®p≈tIin-\n-bpsS kwt_m-[-\-Iƒ enÃv sNøm≥ A[ym-]nI hnZym¿Yn-I-tfm-Sp-]dbp∂p.

Za-b¥n ˛ ]qamXv (e£vao-tZ-hn)˛ Nmcp-X\p (kp-μ-cn)˛ Ipe-\mcn

_mlp-I≥ ˛ ]pcp-j-cXv\w˛ [o-am≥

• CØcw kwt_m-[-\-Ifn-eqsS Bhn-jvIrX-am-Ip∂ tIin-\n-bpsS kz`m-h-k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Fs¥√mw? s]mXp-N¿®.

♦ Za-b-¥n-tbm-Sp≈ kvt\lw, km¥z-\w, BZ-chv F∂nh {]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂p.

♦ \ncm-i-bn-em-≠p-t]mb Za-b-¥nsb sFiz-cy-tZ-h-X-bmb e£vao-tZ-hn-tbmSv D]-an-°p-∂Xv ip`-Nn-¥-bn-te°p \bn-°m-\p≈ {ia-am-Wv.

♦ Za-b-¥nsb 'kpμcn' F∂pw _mlp-Is\ ']pcp-j-cXv\w' F∂pw hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS Ch¿ XΩn¬ tNtc-≠-Xm-sW∂ kqN\ \¬Ip-∂p. tIin-\n-bpsS \nco-£-W-]m-S-hhpw Ipim-{K-_p-≤nbpw ChnsS hy‡-am-Ip-∂p.

♦ Za-b-¥n-bpsS a\- n¬ _mlp-I-t\mSv A\p-Iq-e-amb mhw D≠m-°m≥'[oam≥' F∂ kwt_m-[-\-bn-eqsS Ign-bp-∂p. tIin-\n-bpsS kma¿Yy-Øn\pw Iui-e-Øn\pw DZm-l-c-W-am-Wn-Xv.

]{¥≠v

X\-XnSw 115

♦ \f≥ \nc-]-cm-[n-bm-Wv. C\n A]-cm-[-ap-s≠-¶n¬Ø-s∂bpw 'Ipe-\m-cn°v' tIm]w hc-cpXv. \f\pw Za-b-¥nbpw H∂n-®mepw a\- n¬ HcpIcSpw _m°n-bm-h-cp-sX∂ tIin-\n-bpsS Nn¥. CXn-eqsS tIin\n Hcpa\»mkv{X ]Sp-hm-sW∂v sXfn-bp-∂p.

♦ "Je-\√' F∂p ]d-bp-∂n-SØv ZpjvS-Xbpw If¶hpw \f-\n√ F∂ kqN-\-bp-≠v. \fs‚ ]q¿h-hr-Øm-¥-Øn¬\n∂v CXv c≠p-ap-s≠∂v Za-b-¥n°v tXm∂m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. CØcw tXm∂-ep-I-fn¬\n∂v Za-b-¥nsbhnap-‡-bm-°m≥ ]mI-Øn-emWv tIin-\n-bpsS k w ` m - j Wkma¿Yyw.

♦ ]ns∂bpw \f≥ ]eXpw ]d™p F∂p tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂n-SØv Za-b-¥nsb BImw-£m-`-cn-X-bm-°m-\p≈ ]pd-∏m-Sp-≠v. AsXms° ên-X-am-bn-s -Sp-Øm¬ aXn F∂p ]d-bp-∂nSØv A¥-co-£-Øn\v Abhphcp-Øm-\p≈ a\»mkv{X-k-ao-]-\-amWv tIin\n kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

• N¿®-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ hy‡n-K-X-ambn "tIin\n' F∂ IYm-]m-{XsØ \ncq-]Ww sNbvXv Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°m≥ \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p.

DÆm-bn-hm-cy-cpsS Imhy-`mj

• {^©v Ihn-bmb At∏m-fn-t\-b¿ ag {]ta-b-am°n IhnX Fgp-Xn-b-t∏mƒ km[m-c-W-bp≈ tcJo-b-amb FgpØv Hgn-hm°n apI-fn¬\n∂p Xmtg°v Fgp-Xn.

Ihn F¥n-\mWv Cßs\ sNbvXXv? s]mXp-N¿®.

♦ `mthm-Nn-Xamb mjm-co-Xnbpw BJym-\-co-Xnbpw kzmwio-I-cn-°m-\mWvIhn-bpsS {iaw. Bhn-jvI-cn-°p∂ `mh-Øn-s\mØv Imhy-`mj {]tbm-Kn-°pI F∂Xv Po\n-b- p-I-fmb Ihn-I-fpsS kz`m-h-am-Wv. ChnsS mj\nc-h[n {Ia-ew-L-\-ßƒ°p hnt[-b-am-Ip-∂p. Cu Hcp eLp BapJwA[ym-]nI ¢mkn¬ ]d-bp-∂p.

• Htc-k-abw Ihn-X-sbbpw Ac-ßn-s\bpw e£ywhbv°p∂ Imhy-`m-j-bmWvDÆm-bn-hm-cy-cp-tS-Xv. IYm-]m-{X-Øn\pw cwK-N-cy-Iƒ°pw CW-ßpw-hn[w mj-sbbpw BJym-\-sØbpw Cu Ihn ]pXp-°n-∏-Wn-bp-∂p. A`n-\-b-Øn\v B°wIq´p∂ i_vZ-aq-ey-sØbpw Ac-ßnse kmln-Xy-Øn-te°v At±lw kzmwio-I-cn-®p.

• ]mT-`m-KsØ Bkv]-Z-am°n DÆm-bn-bpsS Imhy-`m-j-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-IƒIs≠-Ømw. ]mT-`m-KØv {]mkw hcp∂ `mK-ßƒ ]ń-I-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ A[ym-]nI \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p. {]mkw `mhm-hn-jvIm-c-Øn¬ hln-°p∂ ]¶v Is≠-Ø-Ww.

♦ t«mI-Øn¬ ZznXo-bm-£c {]mkap≠v.

♦ ""]qam-Xn-s\m-Ø.... _mlp-It\m'' ˛ BZym-£-c, A¥y-{]m-k-ßfp≠v.

♦ ""thtK-\..... hnfßo'' ˛ A\p-{]mkw Cu hcn-I-fn¬ ImWmw.

♦ {]mk-`wKn i_vZ-e-b-Øn\pw Xmf-e-b-Øn\pw Imc-W-am-Ip-∂p. cwKm-hn-jvIm-csØ NSp-eam-°p-∂p.

♦ kwKo-X-sØ Aeu-In-I-amb Xe-Øn-te-°p-b¿Øp-∂p.

♦ Ihn-Xsb Zriym-\p-`-h-am°n am‰m≥ km[n-°p-∂p.

• ]mT-`m-K-Øn¬ GsX√mw `mj-Iƒ IS-∂p-h-cp-∂p≠v? s]mXp-N¿®.

ebmfw

116 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

♦ ae-bm-fw, kwkvIr-Xw F∂n-ßs\ c≠p Xc-Øn-ep≈ `mj ]mT`mK-Øp-≠v.

ae-bm-fw: shfn-®-ta.....-t]m∂p (t«m-I-Øn¬ ae-bmfw {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xvhmcy-cpsS auen-I-X-bmWv.)

Ipe-\m-co..... t]m¬, t]m∂p.......... hnfßo

lrZyhpw X\n-a-bp-≈-Xp-amb DÆm-bn-hm-cy-cpsS ae-bmfw Bkzm-Z-Iscckn-∏n-°p-∂p.

kwkvIrXw:

ssàow, hnP-t\, Ipwt` XpS-ßnb kwkvIrXhn`‡n D]-tbm-Kn®]Zßƒ ˛ klr-Z-bs\ Ipg-°m-sX-bp≈ kc-f-amb kwkvIrXw.

• ]mT- m-KØp {]tbm-Kn-®n- p≈ kwt_m-[-\-I-sf-∏‰n \mw t\ctØN¿®sNbvX-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ Ah-bn-sem-scÆw mjm-]-c-ambn khn-ti-j-X-bp-≈-Xm-Wv. GXm-WXv? s]mXp-N¿®.

♦ "Nmcp-Xt\m' F∂ {]tbmKw.

♦ Xmsg "_mlp-It\m' F∂ {]tbmKw hcp-∂-Xn-\m¬ kwKo-X-km-[yXIW-°m°n Nmcp-X\p F∂Xv Nmcp-Xt\m F∂m°n am‰p∂p. Ac-ßn-s\-°q-Sn-°≠v Imhy-sa-gp-Xp∂p DÆm-bn-hm-cy¿.

• kmam\y `mjm-{]-tbm-K-Øn¬ Hcp Imcyw hnh-cn-°pI F∂Xv kq£va-ambH∂√; ÿqe-am-Wv. hnh-c-W-Øn\v Ft∏mgpw hmNm-e-X-bp-≠v. C°mcyw A[ym-]nI kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. Ihn-X-bn-em-Ip-tºmƒ `mj-bpsS kw£n]vtXm]-tbmKwaqew hnh-cWw kq£va-ambn amdp-∂p. ]mT-`m-KØv CØcw kq£va-hn-h-cWw{]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂ kμ¿`-ß-fp-≠v. Is≠-Ømtam? N¿®.

♦ A∂m-Zn-]mI kw`m-cw.........-I-Øn-bp-Zmcw

♦ thtK\ h®-sßm-cp-ßn.......-A-h-I-f-t∏mƒ hnfßn

♦ Zriy-`m-j-bpsS kq£va-hn-\n-tbmKw {i≤n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

♦

• N¿®-I-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ DÆm-bn-hm-cy-cpsS Imhy-`m-j-sb-°p-dn®v eLpD]\ymkw Xbm-dm-°m≥ \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p.

IY-I -f n -kw -K oXw

kwKo-Xw, kmln-Xyw, A`n-\-bw, \rØw, hmZyw XpS-ßnb Iem-L-S-I-ß-fm¬ HØn-W-

ßn-bn- p≈ Hcp kwbp‡Ie-bmWv IY-I-fn. ]Z-ßfpw t«mI-ßfpw CS-I-e¿∂n- p≈ B -

°-Ym-km-ln-Xyw, ]n∂-Wn-kw-KoXcq]-Øn¬ A`n-\-b-Øn\pw klm-b-I-amb coXn-bn¬

h¿Øn-°p-∂p. IY-I-fn-b-c-ßns‚ ]n≥`m-KØv CS-Xp-h-i-Ømbn c≠p Kmb-I¿ tN¿∂mWv

IY-I-fn-bn¬ kwKoXw Be-]n-°p-∂-Xv. {][m\ Kmb-I\v s]m∂m-\n-sb∂pw kl-Km-b-

I\v in¶nSnsb∂pw t]cp ]d™phcp-∂p. IY-I-fn-bn¬ {]tbm-Kn®phcp∂ kwKoXw I¿Wm-

SIkwKo-X-Øns‚ cq]m-¥-c-amb tkm]m\kwKo-X-Øns‚ k{º-Zm-b-Øn-ep≈XmWv. tIc-

f-Ønse IrjvW-t£-{X-ß-fn¬ Pb-tZhIhn-bpsS KoX-tKm-hnμw (AjvS-]-Zn) ]mSp∂

coXn-bn¬\n∂mWv IY-IfnkwKo-X-Øns‚ D¤hw F∂p hnizkn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. t£{X-

Øns‚ \S-bv°¬ \n∂p ]mSp-∂XpsIm≠v CXn\v tkm]m-\-kw-KoXw F∂ t]cp-h-

s∂∂mWv hmZw. ]n¬°m-eØv ]eXc-Øn-ep≈ ]cn-jvIm-c-ßfpw a‰p taJ-e-bn¬ F∂

t]mse IY-I-fn-kwKo-X-Ønepw h∂n-´p-≠v.

]{¥≠v

X\-XnSw 117

2.2 A·n-h¿Ws‚ Imep-Iƒ

A[n-Im-c-Øns‚ Po¿W-X, D]-Pm-]-I-hr-μ-ß-fpsS apX-se-Sp-∏v, ]uc-k-aq-l-Øns‚ \n w-KX F∂nh Hcphi-Øv. H‰-s∏´ {]Xn-tcm-[-ßƒ, s]mXp-k-aqlw`c-W-hy-h-ÿsb ip≤o-I-cn-s®-Sp-°p-sa∂ {]Xo£ F∂nh adp-h-iØv. ChXΩn-ep≈ kwL¿jhpw \mS-Iobaplq¿Ø-ßfpw tN¿Øp-hbv-°p-tºmƒ Imhm-e-Øn\v "A·n-h¿Ws‚ Imep-Iƒ' t]mse Hcp \mS-I-sa-gp-Xm-\p≈ B`y-¥-c-{In-bmw-i-am-bn. A[n-Imcw Xpey-\oXn \S-∏m-°m-\p≈ Pt\-—-bm-Wv. cmPmhv qan-bpsS, ]©-`q-X-ß-fpsS, AXn-epƒt®¿∂n-cn-°p∂ -Pohnh¿K-Øns‚ kwc-£-W-am-Wv. Cu k¶¬∏sØ A£cw{]Xn \S-∏m-°n-b-h-cmWv kqcy-hw-i-Ønse cmPm-°-∑m-cmb cLp-hpw Zneo-]\pw Zi-c-Y\pw cma\pw a‰pw. F∂m¬ B hwiw A·n-h¿W-\n¬ FØn-t®¿∂-t∏mtgm? C{μn-b-t`m-K-Øn¬ apgp-Inb A·n-h¿W≥ cmhpw]Iepw A¥∏pc-ß-fn¬ hnl-cn-®p. GI-]Xv\o{hXw ]men® cma-s\-hnsS? ]c-kv{Xo-I-tfm-sSmØv IpØ-gn™ PohnXw \bn® A·n-h¿W-s\-hnsS? {]P-I-fpsSImcyw At\z-jn-°m≥ cmPm-hn\v t\c-an-√. P\m-e-∏-gp-Xn-eqsS Xq°n-bn´ cmPm-hns‚ Imep-Iƒ I≠v {]P-Iƒ cmPm-hns\ Z¿in-s®∂p hcpØn. HSp-hn¬ cmP-£bw F∂ tcmKw _m[n-®mWv A·n-h¿W≥ acn-°p-∂-Xv. s]mXp-P\w cmPm-[n-Im-c-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ {]Xo-I-ßƒ°v F{]-Imcw am\-kn-I-ambn ASn-a-I-fm-Ip-∂p-sh∂pw Cu \mS-I-Øn¬\n∂p hmbn-s®-Sp-°mw. A[n-Im-cnsb t\¿h-gn°p\S-tØ≠ A\p-N-c-kw-L-am-Is´, D]Pm-]Ihrμ-ambn A[∏Xn-°p-∂Xpw XΩn¬a’-cn-°p-∂Xpw IpXnIm¬ sh´p∂Xpw X≥Imcyem -Øn-\mbn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xpw\mS-I-IrØv hnhn[ kw`-h-ß-fn-eqsS hy‡-am-°n-Ø-cp∂p. ka-Im-eo\kaq-l-Po-hn-X-Ønepw CXn\p kam-\-amb kw`-h-ßƒ ImWmw. Iptd-°mew \n w-K-X-tbmsS, CsX√mw kln®p Pohn® s]mXp-k-aqlw Hcp-\mƒ Xncp-Ø¬i‡n-bm-Ipw. AXns\ \bn-°m≥ ASn-ÿm\h¿K-Øn¬ \n∂pXs∂ Hcp {]Xn-\n[n hcpw.ImcWw, Ah-cm-Wt√m A\m-Znbmb Imew apXte CXn-s\√mw Cc-Iƒ. "A·n-h¿Ws‚ Imep-I-fn-'em-I-s´, B ASn-ÿm\ h¿K-{]-Xn-\n[n Hcp kv{XoIqSn-bm-sW-∂p-≈Xv Ncn-{X-\oXn IqSn-bmbn. ssIbn-ep≈ Bbp-[-am-Is´, Nqem-Wv.

B`y-¥c{InbmwihnØv Ac-ßn¬ hr£-ambn imtJm-]-im-J-I-fn-eqsS CebpwImbp-ambn hncn™p ]S¿∂p ]¥-en-°p-∂Xv _mly-{In-bmw-i-ß-fmb IYm-]m-{X-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw kw`m-j-W-ß-fn-eq-sS-bp-am-W-t√m. "A·n-h¿Ws‚ Imep-I-fn¬'Bdv IYm-]m-{Xhpw Hcp tImd-kp-am-Wp≈-Xv. Hcp {][m\ IYm-]m{Xw t]mseA·n-h¿Ws\ {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn®psIm≠v c≠p ac-°m-ep-Iƒ Ac-ßn-ep-≠v. Nen-°mØ Cu ac-°m-ep-Iƒ PU-Xp-ey-amb, \n›-e-amb `c-W-hy-h-ÿsb {]Xo-I-h-¬°-cn-°m\pXI-p∂ \mS-I-h-kvXp-hmWv. A·n-h¿Ws‚ t`mKem-e-k-Xbpw P\m-e-bn-eqsS \¬Ip∂ NcWZ¿i-\hpw Ac-ßn-se-Øn-°m≥ Cu ac-°m-ep-Iƒ°vIgn-bp-∂p-≠v.

cma-∑m¿ mc-X-cm-PysØ tIhe]uc-∑m-cm-Wv. Km‘nPn hn`m-h\w sNbvX ka-Xz-kp-μc `mc-X-cmPyw cma-cmPy-ambncp∂-t√m. tIh-e-cm-a≥ kmZm-{]-P, Nn¥m-cm-a≥ _p≤n-Po-hn, sImØp-hmƒ \nb-a-cm-a≥, cmP-Kpcp `c-tWm-]-tZ-iI DtZym-K-

]mTm]-{K-Y\w

ebmfw

118 So®¿ sSIvÃv

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ÿ≥. hnZq-j-I-\m-Is´, {]Xn-—mb \n¿Ωn®v c-Wm-[n-Im-cnsb hmgn-°-m\pw hogn-°m\pw sI¬∏p≈ B[p-\n-I-Im-esØ am[yatemI-Øns‚ {]Xn-\n-[n. P\w Nne-t∏m-sgms° Kmb-I-kw-L-ambn sshXm-fn-I-cpsS ÿm\Øpw Nne-t∏mƒ {]Xn-I-cn-°p∂ {]Xn-]-£-Øns‚ ÿm\Øpw hcp-∂p-≠v. F∂m¬ Imhm-e-Øns‚ a‰pNne \mS-I-ß-fn-se∂-t]mse \n¿h-l-W-Øn¬ Hcp kv{XoI-Ym-]m-{X-amWv "A·n-h¿Ws‚ Imep-I-fn'-ep-ap-≈-Xv. "A·n-h¿Ws‚ Imep-I-fn'se ASn-®p-X-fn-°mcn\njvI-f-¶bpw ip≤-K-Xn-°m-cn-bp-am-Wv. A·n-h¿Ws\ {]Xo-£n-®n-cn-°p∂ t{]£-I-cpsS ap∂n-te°v NmW-I-sh-≈hpw Nqep-ambn h∂v F√mw ASn-®p-X-fn®p hrØn-bm-°p∂p. \mS-I-{In-b-bn-eqsS Ah¿ ImgvN-°m-cpsS a\- n¬ CSw]nSn°p-∂p.

\mS-I-am-cw- n-°p-∂Xv A·n-h¿Ws‚ Imep-Isf ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠mWv.hnZq-j-I-\mWv B ZuXyw \nd-th-‰p-∂Xv. XpS¿∂v P\w Imep-Isf kvXpXn®v]mSp-∂p. hmgvØp-sam-gn-Iƒ°n-S-bnepw H‰s∏´ hna¿i-\-ßƒ Bfl-KXcq]-Øn¬P\-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬\n∂p hcp-∂p-≠v. ""hni-∏p-t]m-se-bp≈ XmW-Xcw Imcy-ß-fn¬\mw hym]r-X-cm-Im-dpt≠m'' F∂ hnZq-j-Is‚ tNmZy-Ønse Bt£-]-lmkyw\mS-IØns‚ A¥¿[m-cbmbn h¿Øn-°p∂ cmjv{So-b-t_m-[-Øn¬\n∂mWv D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. ""hmkvX-hw, hmkvXhw, Rßƒ°v cmPm-hns‚ Imep-Iƒ I≠m¬ hni-∏n√'' F∂mWv P\-Ønse a‰p-≈-h¿ ]d-™-Xv. A[n-Imch¿K-Øn-\p-th≠n _enhkvXpthm IpcpXnhkvXpthm Bbn amdp∂ IYm-]m-{X-ßƒ Imhm-e-Øns‚ \mS-I-ß-fnse s]mXp-L-S-I-amWv.

tIh-e-cm-a\pw Nn¥m-cm-a\pw XΩn-ep≈ ]cn-N-b-s∏-S-en¬ tIh-e-cm-a-s\∂km[m-c-W-]u-cs‚ Bfl-hn-izm-k-an-√m-bvabpw AXn-hn-\-bhpw kw`m-j-W-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw tNjvS-I-fn-eq-sSbpw {]I-S-am-Wv. GXp \nan-jhpw tIh-e-cm-a\v Hc-]-ISw ]nW-bptam F∂ t]Sn-bmWv t{]£-I-\n¬ DtZzKw hf¿Øp-∂-Xv. Nn¥m-cm-a-\n-emWv tIh-e-cm-as‚ {]Xo-£. ""A]-ISw hcptºmƒ \nßƒ Fs∂ hn´pIf-b-cpXv'' F∂-bmƒ ]d-bp-∂p. Nn¥m-cm-a≥, ""Rms\-t∏mgpw \nß-fpsS IqsS-bp≠v''F∂p hm°p \¬Ip-∂p-s≠-¶nepw ]n∂oSv FSp-°p∂ \ne-]mSv kz¥w \ne-\n¬∏n\v tIm´w hcmØ hn[-Øn-em-Wv. knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ Imep-I-tfmSv H∏-an-cn-°p∂ tIh-e-cm-a≥ "A[n-Imcw P\-ß-fn-te°v' F∂ ambm-tam-l\hmKvZm-\-Øn¬ ab-ßn-t∏mb thm´¿ Xs∂-bm-Wv.

`c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ {]Xy-£-a¿±t\m]-I-cWw F∂ \ne-bn-emWv sImØphm-sf∂\nb-a-cm-as‚ hc-hv. \nb-a-cm-a≥ tIhecmas\ F¥mWv sNøpI F∂ BImw-£-bmWv \mS-I-Øns‚ ]ncn-ap-dp°w Iq´p-∂-Xv. \nb-a-cm-a-\n¬\n∂v ASn-Inń XmsghoWn´pw tIh-e-cm-a≥ auen-I-amb tNmZyw Db¿Øp-∂p-≠v. ""Bs´, ChnsS HcpcmPmhpt≠m?'' \nb-a-cm-a-\mb sImØp-hmƒ adp-]Sn ]d-bp-∂-Xv, ""Ct∏mƒ a\- n-em-bnt√'' F∂m-Wv. {]P-Iƒ°v ASn-In-´p-tºmƒ a\- n-em°mw cmPmhv cmPyw`cn-°p-∂p-s≠∂.v ]n∂o-S-h¿ A·n-h¿Ws‚ cq]-L-S\bmWv kw`m-j-W-ß-fn-eqsSA\m-h-cWw sNøp-∂-Xv. Nn¥m-cm-a≥ ]d-bp-∂Xv, ""F\n°o LS\ Adn-bmw.AXt√ Rm≥ Xs∂-t∏mse b-s∏-Sm-Ø-Xv. AXp-I≠p ckn-°m\m Rm≥ ChnsSh∂-Xv'' F∂m-Wv. cmPysØ hnZym-k-º-∂cpw _p≤n-Po-hn-I-fpw ASn-®-a¿Ø-s∏--h-cpsS AXn-Po-h\ka-c-ß-tfmSp ImWn-®n- p≈ kao-]-\-sØ-bmWv \mS-I-IrØv

hna¿i-\-hn-t[-b-am-°p-∂-Xv.

knwlm-k-\-Øn-en-cn-°p∂ ac-°m¬ Bcp-tS-XmIpw F∂ X¿°w Hcp kwL¿j-Øn-te°p \oßp-∂p-≠v. IqSmsX, ChnsS Hcp cmPm-hn-s√∂ \nco-£Ww tIh-e-cm-a-\n¬\n∂p XpSßn HSp-hn¬ Nn¥m-cm-a-\n-te°pw \ofp-∂p. cmPm-hns‚ hmb-\-

]{¥≠v

X\-XnSw 119

sbbpw Adn-hn-s\bpw Ipdn-®p≈ N¿® FØn\n¬°p-∂Xv Cß-s\-bm-Wv: ""hmbp-s≠-¶nepw hmbn-°m≥ t\c-an-√m-™n´v At±lw thsdm-cmsf CcpØn hmbn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v.'' Imhm-e-Øns‚ a‰p ]e \mSIßfn-te-Xp-sa∂t]mse Chn-sSbpwA[n-Imcw ssIbm-fp∂ IYm-]m-{X-ß-sf√mw tImam-fn-Isft∏mse s]cp-am-dp-∂p.

cmPm-hns‚ Fgp-∂-≈-Øns\ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ sImºp-hnfn Db-cp-tºmƒ ]ncn-ap-dp°w IqSp-∂p. ]t£, hcp-∂Xv cmP-Kp-cp. cmP-Kpcp \ne-hn-ep≈ _yqtdm-{I-kn-bpsS qX-Øm≥tIm´ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂p. ""cmPm-hns‚ ImemWv Fs‚ sNhn''sb∂vcmP-Kpcp shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. cmP-Kpcp B ÿm\Øv FØn-t®¿∂-Xns‚ ]n∂nse"CS-\mgnhnπ-h'-sØ-°p-dn®pw kqN-\-I-fp-≠v ""Ct∏m-gsØ Imep-Im-c≥ cmPm-hns‚{`m¥p-]n-Sn® C{μn-b-ß-fpsS el-cn-bn¬ Cbm-ft√ ]gb cmPm-hns\ h[n-®Xv.''

_mly-kw-L¿j-Øns‚ GI-bnSw sImØp-hmfpw tIh-e-cm-a\pw XΩn-ep≈G‰p-ap- ¬cwK-am-Wv. \mS-Io-b-Xbv°v B°w Iqń cmPm-hns‚ hchv kqNn-∏n-°p∂,bp≤sØ tZymXn-∏n-°p∂ hmZy-tafw At∏mƒ apdp-Ip-∂p. \mS-Io-b-Xbv°v B°wIqń cmPm-hns‚ hchv kqNn-∏n-°p∂ sImºphnfn ho≠pw. cmP-Kpcphsc cmPm-hns\ hc-th¬°m-\mbn Xbm-dmbn \n¬°p-∂p, ]t£, hcp-∂Xv hnZq-j-I≥.t{]£-I-cn¬ Nncnbpb¿Øp∂ IYm-hy-Xn-bm-\-am-Wn-Xv.

hnZq-j-I≥ : ""BsI F¥m Hcp au\w? hnZq-j-I≥ {]th-in-°p-tºmƒ GhcpwXe Ipºn´p \n¬°p-∂t√m.''

cmP-Kpcp : ""Xm\mtWm? hnZq-j-Is‚ Fgp-∂-≈-Øn\pw sImºpw Ipg-eptam? Cu ]Xn-sh∂p XpSßn?''

hnZq-j-I≥ : ""hnZq-j-I≥ cmPm-hns‚ D‰tXmg-\m-sW∂v IpgeqØp-Im¿°dn-bmw. Fs‚ ]pd-∏m-Sn\v F¥n\p sImºpw Ipgepw ths≠∂vhbv°-Ww? Bbn-s°m-≈-s´.''

thenXs∂ hnf-hp Xn∂p∂ kzP-\-]-£]mXw P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ im]-am-Wv. AØcw Agn-a-Xn-I-fm¬ cmPysØ `c-W-cwKw No™p-\m-dp-∂p-≠v. \mS-I-Øn-eqsS AXv [z\n-∏n°p-∂p. cmPmhv Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂pt≠m F∂ At\z-jWwFØn-t®-cp-∂Xv ""Imep-Iƒ Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂p; C{μn-b-ßƒ acn®p Pohn-°p∂p;Pohn®p acn-°p∂p'' F∂ Is≠-Ø-en-em-Wv.

tIh-e-cm-a≥: ""Nn¥m-cm-am, CXp hnZq-j-I-\mtWm? Cbmƒ cmPmhv thjw amdn-b-Xt√? Aßs\ hniz-kn-°m≥ tXm∂p-∂p.''

Cu kw`m-jWw ASpØ kwL¿j-Øn-te-°p≈ \mS-I-h-f¿®-bm-Wv. BcmWvA·n-h¿W≥? Ac-ßn¬ h∂ptNcp∂hcn¬ A·n-h¿W\pt≠m? t{]£-I-cmb\Ωn¬ A·n-h¿W≥am-cpt≠m? hnZq-j-I-ÿm-\w XcwXmgvØp-tºmƒ In´p∂ÿm\-amtWm F∂ Btem-N-\bpw, am[y-a-ßƒ `c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ `mhn Xocp-am-\n-°p∂ Cu ImeØv {]tXyI ]cn-K-W\ A¿ln-°p∂ H∂m-Wv. ""Rm≥ Bknwlm-k-\-Øn¬ Fs‚ tXmgs‚ Im¬°¬ H∂n-cp-∂mepw, tXmg≥ H∂pw ]d-bp-I-bn√'' F∂v hnZq-j-I≥ ]d-bp-∂p-. cmP-Kp-cphpw hnZq-j-I\pw sImØp-hmfpwXΩn-ep≈ A[n-Im-c-Ø¿°w PpUo-jy-dnbpw FIvkn-Iyq-óhpw sePn-t…-‰ohpwam[y-a-tem-Ihpw XΩn-ep≈ G‰p-ap-´-ens\ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂p≠v.

\mS-I-IrØv tIh-e-cm-a-s\-s°m≠v ]d-bn-°p∂p, ""At±lw knwlm-k-\-Øn¬Ccn-°-s´. H∂pw kw -hn-°m≥ t]mWn-√. At±-l-tØm-sS-¶nepw k¶Sw ]d-bm-a-t√m?''`c-W-co-Xn-tbm-Sp≈ {]Xn-tj-[hpw A[n-Im-c-Øns‚ Akw-_-‘-kz- m-hhpw ImhmewChn-sSbpw shfns∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. sImØp-hmƒ hnZq-j-Is\ hen®p Xmsg-bn-Sp-tºmƒ

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hnZqjI≥ ]d-bp-∂p: ""kmc-an-√. a‰m-sc-¶nepw Fs‚ tXmgs‚ knwlm-k-\-Øn-en-cp-∂m¬ CXm-W-\p- -hw. \nb-a-Øns‚ i‡n F¥m-sW-∂-dn-bpw.''

ho≠pw cmPm-hns‚ hc-h-dn-bn®v sImºp-hn-fn. cmPm-hns\ {]Xo-£n-®n-cn-°p-tºmƒ hcp-∂Xv ASn®pXfn-°m-cn. Cu Sznkv‰n¬ Xs∂-bmWv ss¢amIvkv Hcp°nh®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. cwK-{]-thiw sNbvXn-cn-°p∂Xv Hcp s]ÆmWv F∂-Xp-Xs∂sR´¬ D≠m-°p-∂p-≠v. A[n-Im-c-Øns‚ CS-\m-gn-bn¬ BcmWv Btc-°mfpwaosX? A[n-Imcw ssIbm-fp-∂-h¿t]mepw at‰tXm A[n-ImctI{μ-ß-fn¬\n∂v\nb-{¥n-°-s∏-Sp∂hcmtWm? \n¿h-l-W-Øn-s\-Ønb ASn-®p-X-fn-°mcn ]d-bp-∂X,v""F\n-°n-sXm∂pw Adn-™p-IqSm, F√m-hcpw H∂p amdn-Ø-c-Ww. Chn-S-sa√mwH∂Sn-®phm-cWw'' F∂m-Wv. P\-X-bpsS kzmX-{¥y-tam-lhpw AXp-≠m-°p∂ Iem-]-km-[y-Xbpw Iem-]-c-ambn \mS-I-IrØv [z\n-∏n-°p-∂p. ""I≠n´pw I≠n-s√∂p\Sn-°p-∂Xv hmkvX-h-Øn¬ IjvS-amWv. ImWm™n´pw Is≠∂p \Sn-°p-∂XvAXnepw IjvS-amWv,'' ""hmkvX-hw, \ap°v Ah-Im-i-s∏-´tX \ap°p e`n°q''F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ {]kvXm-h-\-I-fn-eqsS C\n-tb-Xm-bmepw CXn-sems° am‰w hcp-Øm≥ \Ω-fn-S-s]-SWw F∂ Nn¥-bn-te°v cwK-]mTw t{]£-Is\ X≈n-bn-Sp-∂p. Ac-ßmsI ASn-®p-hr-Øn-bm°n, ac-°m-ep-Isf A¥∏pc-Øn-te°v B\-bn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsSbmWv \mSIØns‚ bh-\nI Xmgp-∂-Xv.

kwL¿j-Øn-s‚bpw ]ncn-ap-dp-°-Øn-s‚bpw apƒap\-bn¬ ]nSn-®p-\n-¿Øn ]Sn-]-Sn-bmbn hf¿Øn SznÃ-n-eqsS sRń®v ss¢am-Ivkn-se-Øn-°p∂ inev]- -{Z-XtbmkrZr-V-L-S-\tbm Imhm-e-Øns‚ \mS-I-ß-fn¬ km[mcW ImWm-dn-√. \mtSmSnhg-°-Øn-ep≈ A\u-]-Nm-cn-I-amb BJym-\-co-Xnbpw \S\pw kwhn-[m-b-I\pw Ht´sdkm[y-X-Iƒ \¬Ip∂ Ab-™Xpw kulr-Z-]q¿W-hp-amb LS-\-bpamWv Cu \mS-I-Øn-\p-ap-≈Xv. hm°p-I-fn-eq-sSbpw hcn-I-fn-eq-sSbpw ]eXpw [z\n-∏n-®p-I-S∂p t]mhp-∂p. \mtSm-Snbpw ¢mkn-°-ep-amb Ie-I-fpsS Awi-ßƒ kzoI-cn-®p-sIm≠v \mS-I-c-N\bpsS Hcp ]pXnb LS\ Is≠-Øp-I-bmWv Imhm-ew.

\S\pw c≠mw ico-chpw

temI-{]-ikvX \¿Ø-I-\mb \nPn≥kvIn ]e thZn-I-fn¬h®pw \rØ-Øn-\n-

S-bn¬ Bd-Sn-tbmfw apI-fn-te°v NmSnbpb¿∂v Kpcp-Xzm-I¿j-WsØ ewLn-

®p-sIm≠v Hcp Xqh¬t]mse ]Xnsb Xmtg°p ]Xn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. CXns‚

cl-ky-a-dn-bm-s\-Ønb am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I-tbmSv \nPn≥kvIn ]d-™Xn-ß-s\-

bm-Wv: ""\nß-fpsS tNmZy-Øn\v DØcw \¬Im≥ \rØw sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-

°p∂ \nPn≥kvIn°p am{Xta Ign-bq. Rm≥ B \¿Ø-Is\ sIm≠p \S-

°p∂ Hcp hml-I≥ am{X-am-W.v''a\p-jy-kw-kvIm-c-Øns‚ {]Xn-^-e-\-ß-fmbn {]mNo\-Imew apXte Iem-cq-]-

ßƒ \ne-\n¬°p-∂p-≠v. a\p-jy≥ Xs‚ icoc˛i-_vZ- -N-e-\-ßƒ sIm≠vv D≠m-

°n-sb-SpØ Ne-\m-fl-I-amb icoc{]I-S-\-ßfpw `mh-lm-hm-ZnIfpw Dƒs∏´

A`n-\-b-I-e-bmWv Iem-cq-]-ßfn¬ h®pXs∂ {][m-\-s∏-´-Xmbn hne-bn-cp-Ø-

s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xv. C¥y≥ ]mc-º-cy-Ønepw Pm∏-\o-kv, {Ko°v ]mc-º-cy-ß-fnepw

]{¥≠v

X\-XnSw 121

A`n-\bIebv°v henb {]m[m\yw D≠m-bn-cp∂Xns‚ sXfn-hmWv `c-Xs‚

"\mSy-im-kv{X'hpw knbman cN-\-Ifpw {Ko°v\mS-I-ßfpw Acn-tÃm-ń-ens‚

"Imhy-ao-amw-k'-bpw. \S\pw t{]£-I-\p-an-S-bn-ep≈/Poh-\p≈ c≠p ico-c-ßƒ

XΩn-ep≈ AKm-[-amb ASp-∏-Øns‚ AS-bm-f-ambn A`n-\-b-Ie amdp∂p F∂-

XmWv Cu Ie-bpsS anI-hns‚ Imc-Ww.

Ac-ßnse Hcp hnc-e-\°w, \nizm-kw, \n»_vZ-X, H‰-t\m-´w, sNdp-i_vZw˛

CXpsIm≠p am{Xw Bbn-c-°-W-°n\p t{]£-Isc \S-∑m¿ Ah-cn-te°p

tN¿Øp\n¿Øp-∂p. icocwsIm≠v kz]v\w ImWp-Ibpw Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw

sNøp∂ \S≥, Ac-ßn-te°v Bflm-hns\ ]I-cp-tºmƒ km¿h-eu-In-I-amb

hymJym\ß-fn-te°p hgn-sX-fn®psIm≠v \Ss‚ icocw hf¿∂v Acßp apgp-

h≥ \nd-bp-∂p. \Ss‚ c≠mw ico-c-am-WXv; hep-Xm-Ip-∂Xpw \nb-{¥-W-hn-t[-

b-am-Ip-∂-Xp-amb ico-cw. B henb ico-c-Øn¬ ebn-®p-sIm≠v Hmtcm t{]£-

I\pw \S-t\m-sSm∏w {]Ir-Xn-bn-te°v Xncn®pt]mIp-∂p. \jvS-s∏-´p-t]m-btXm

ad-™n-cn-°p-∂tXm Bb Ah-cn-se-Øs∂ {]Ir-Xn-i-co-csØ Ah¿ Iq´mbn

Xncn®p]nSn-°p-∂p. hy‡n-bn¬\n∂v \S-\n-te-°p≈ Cu ]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚

ck-X-{¥-amWv \nPn≥kvIn shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv. \mSIIesb kmln-Xy-aq-ey-

Øns‚ am{Xw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn\p ]Icw cwKm-h-X-c-W-Øn-

s‚bpw \S\{]I-S-\-Øn-s‚bpw BI-Øp-I-bmbn ]cn-tim-[n-°Ww F∂ ImgvN-

∏mSv temIw apgp-h≥ cq]wsIm≈p-∂-Xns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-an-Xm-Wv. B ImgvN-∏m-

Sn¬ \n∂p-sIm-≠p-Xs∂bmWv "X\-XnSw' F∂ bqWn-‰n¬ "A·n-h¿Ws‚ Imep-

Iƒ' F∂ \mSIw CSw]nSn-®n-´p-≈Xpw ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xpw.

]mT-Øn-te°v

• IÆm-Sn°p ap∂n¬ c≠p Ipń-Isf apJm-apJw \n¿Øp-∂p. Ah¿°n-S-bn¬Xncn-bp∂ Hcp IÆm-Sn-bp-s≠∂v k¶¬∏n-°-Ww. Hcmƒ IÆmSn t\m°p∂Bƒ, at‰ Bƒ IÆm-Sn-bnse {]Xn-_nw-_w.

• IÆmSn t\m°p∂ Bƒ°v ta°∏nSmw, hymbmaw sNømw. \rØw sNømw,]Wn-I-sf-Sp-°mw. at‰ Bƒ Cu Zriy-ßƒ IÆm-Sn-bn¬ {]Xn- -en°pw IWs°A`n-\-bn-°-Ww.

Bƒ°q-´-Øn-\n-S-bn¬

• Nne Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ FgpXn IS-em-kp-Iƒ s]ń-bn-en´v tai-∏p-dØp hbv°p-∂p.GsX-¶nepw Hcp Ipńsb hnfn®v s]ń-bn¬\n∂v Hcp Ipdn-s∏-Sp-°m≥ ]dbp-∂p. kw`m-j-W-ß-fn-√msX Ipdn-∏n-se-gp-Xnb Bi-b-ßƒ cwK-Ø-h-X-cn-∏n-°-Ww. H‰bv°pw Iq´mbpw Ah-X-c-W-Øn\v km[y-X-bp≈ Bi-b-ß-fmWv Ipdn-∏n¬ th-≠-Xv. Ipdn∏v In´p∂ Ipń H‰bvt°m kwL-amtbm AXnse BibwA`n-\-bn®p ên-∏n -°-Ww. t{]£-I-cmb a‰p Ipń -Iƒ Ipdn -∏n -seBibsas¥msW∂p ]d-b-s´.

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DZm:

1. Hm^nkn\p ap∂nse t\mó-kvt_m¿Un¬\n∂v ]co-£m-êw Adn-bp∂hnZym¿Yn.

2. Xnc-t°-dnb ]´-W-{]-tZ-iØv tdmUv apdn®pIS-°m≥ hr≤s\ klm-bn-°p∂ Ipń.

3. ASp-°-f-bn¬ AΩ-tbm-sSm∏w tPmen sNøp∂ aIƒ.

4.

• Ah-X-c-W-sØ-°p-dn®v N¿® ˛ N¿®m-kq-N-\I-ƒ.

Bi-b-ßƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ D]-tbm-Kn® LS-I-ßƒ˛

♦ icoc`mj

♦ `mhw

♦ cwK-h-kvXp-°ƒ

kw`m-jWwIqSn D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ Ah-kcw D≠m-bn-cp-s∂¶ntem? eLp-N¿®.

• kw`m-jWwIqSn D≠m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ A`n-\-b-Øn\v ka{KX ssIh-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p F∂ Is≠-Ø-temsS A[ym-]nI N¿® t{ImUo-I-cn-°p-∂p.

• A`n-\-b-I-e-bpsS c≠p amXr-I-Iƒ ap≥¢mkp-I-fn¬ \mw ]cn-N-b-s∏-´p-I-gn-™n-´p-≠v. Im°m-c»n\mSIw Hcp \mtSmSn\mS-I-am-bn-cp-∂p. tIin-\o-sam-gn-bm-Is´, ¢mknIv Iebmb \f-N-cnXØnse Hcp mKhpw. tIc-f-Ønse \mtSm-Snbpw ¢mkn-°-ep-amb Ie-I-fn¬\n∂v Du¿Pw Dƒs°m-≠p-sIm≠v \m´p-X-\n-a-bp≈ Hcp \mS-I-thZn F∂ hnNmcw cq]wsImSpØ ae-bmf Ac-ßmWv X\-Xp-\m-S-I-th-Zn. X\-Xp-\m-S-I-th-Zn-bpsS apJy {]tbm-‡m-hmWv Imhmew \mcm-b-W-∏-Wn-°¿. Imhmew Fgp-Xnb Bt£-]-lm-ky-kz`mhap≈ \m-S-I-amWv"A·n-h¿Ws‚ Imep-Iƒ.'

• C{]-Imcw \mS-IsØ s]mXp-hmbn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-b- tijw ASpØ Znh-k-tØ°v \mSIw hmbn-®p-h-cm≥ Ipń-I-tfmSv ]dbmw.

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

[z\n -]mTw ˛ A]-{K-Y-\-°p-dn∏v

• \mSIw hmbn-®p-h∂ Ipń-Isf Bdp- {Kq-∏p-I-fm°p-∂p. {KŸ-]m-T-Øn¬ ]cn-N-b-s∏´ IYm-]m-{X-ßƒ, cwK-h-kvXp-°ƒ, \mS-I-{]-ta-b-hniIe\w F∂nh c≠p{Kq∏p-Iƒ hoXw N¿®sNø-s´. N¿®-bn¬ btYm-NnXw CS-s]-S-Ww. AXn-\p-tijw {Kq∏-h-X-c-Ww.

1. IYm-]m-{X-ßsf ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ {Kq∏nse AwKw AXXp IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ GsX-¶nepw kw`m-j-W-ßƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠mWv B IYm-]m-{XsØ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xv. a‰p-≈-h¿ B IYm-]m-{X-Øn\v Cu \mS-I-Øn-ep≈ ÿm\w hni-Zo-I-cn°Ww.

a‰p {Kq∏p-Iƒ°v Bi-b-ßƒ Iqń-t®¿°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

2. cwK-h-kvXp-°sf ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ {Kq∏nse AwKw AXXp cwK-h-kvXp-°sf {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-Itbm ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-Itbm thWw. Cu cwK-h-kvXp-

]{¥≠v

X\-XnSw 123

°ƒ°v B`y-¥c {Inbmw-i-Ønepw _mly-{In-bmw-i-Øn-ep-ap≈ ÿm\wa‰w-K-ßƒ hy‡-am-°-Ww.

DZm: ac-°m¬ \¬Ip∂ Bi-b-sa-¥mWv? Nq¬ F∂ {]Xo-I-Øn-eqsS \mSIIrØv shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-sX-¥mWv?

Bi-b-ßƒ hn´p-t]m-bn-´p-s≠-¶n¬ a‰p {Kq∏p-Iƒ Iqń-t®¿°-Ww.

3. \mSI-{]-tabhni-I-e\w

Cu {Kq∏nse AwK-ßƒ \mS-I-Øn-eqsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ Imcy-ßƒhy‡-am-°-Ww.

♦ A[n-ImcPo¿WX

♦ D]-Pm-]-I-hr-μ-Øns‚ {]h¿Ø--\-ßƒ.

♦ ]mTm-]-{K-Y\w {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

♦

Hcp \mS-IsØ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw {KŸ-]mTw, cwK-]mTw F∂n-hbv°ptij-amWv [z\n-]m-T-Øn-se-Øp-∂-Xv. Ipń-Iƒ \mS-I-IrXn hmbn-®n-´p-≠v. cwK-]m-T-Ønse kw`m-jW{]I-S-\hpw cwK-hkvXp kqN-\-Ifpw ¢mkn¬ hnh-cn-°-s∏´p Ign-™n-´p-≠v. Zriy-]mTw ]q¿W-ambpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏´p Ign-™n-ń-s√-¶nepw \mS-I-Im-cy-N¿®-bn-eqsS AXv A¥cwK-Øn¬ ImWm≥ {ian-®n-´p-≠m-hmw. CtXm-sSm-∏-sa-Sp-Øn- p≈ Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ hnI-kn-∏n®v \mS-I-Øns‚ [z\n-]m-T-Øn-\m-bp≈ A]{KY\°pdn∏v Xbm-dm-°m≥ Ipń-I-tfmSv ]dbp∂p. anI®Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ Ah-kcw \¬Ip-∂p.

Bt£-]-lm-kymwiw ˛ \ncq-]Ww

• "A·nh¿Ws‚ Imep-Iƒ' F∂ \mS-I-Øns‚ B¥-cnI]mT-ßƒ hni-Z-ambn\mw A]-{K-Yn-®p--I-gn-™p.

• \mS-I-Øn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp kw`m-j-W-i-I-e-Øn-te°v A[ym-]nI Ipń-bpsS {i≤ -£-Wn-°p-∂p.

hnZq-j-I≥: \nßƒs°√mw ImW-s∏´ ssZhhpw, A√ I≠p In´mØ ssZh-hp-amb A·n-h¿Walm-cm-Pm-hns‚ {]nb-s∏´ Imep-I-fm-Wn-h.

• Cu kw`m-j-W-Øn¬\n∂v \ap°v hy‡-am-Ip∂ Imcy-sa-¥mWv? s]mXp-N¿®.

A[n-ImcPo¿W-X-bpsS {]Xo-I-ambn amdp∂ cmPm-hv. Bt£-]-lm-ky-cq-t]-W-bp≈ Ah-X-c-Ww.

• as‰mcp kw`m-jWiIew IqSn A[ym-]nI ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

hnZq-j-I≥ : hnZq-j-I≥ cmPm-hns‚ D‰-tXm-g-\m-sW∂v Ipg-eq-Øp-Im¿°-dn-bmw.Fs‚ ]pd-∏m-Sn\v F¥n\v sImºpw Ipgepw ths≠∂p hbv°-Ww.

• Cu kw`m-jWw lmky-`mhw Dƒs°m-≠p-sIm≠v \nßƒ°v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°mtam?

• Ht∂m ct≠m Ah-X-c-W-ßƒ.

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• Cu Ah-X-cWw \nßƒ I≠p. AXns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ Cu kw`m-jWiI-e-Øns‚ D≈-S-°-sa¥v? s]mXpN¿®.

• Ht∂m ct≠m t]cpsS A`n-{]mb{]I-S-\-ßƒ.

A[n-Im-c-Øns‚ CS-\m-gn-I-fnse D]-Pm-]-I-hr-μ-Øns‚ kzm[o-\w. Bt£-]-lm-ky-Øns‚ Ah-X-c-Ww.

• kmaqlnIIm]-Sy-ßsf hna¿in-°m-\p]tbm-Kn-°p∂ Bt£-]-lm-ky-sa∂lmkymhnjvImccoXn \mw ]cnNbs∏´p. "A·n-h¿Ws‚ Imep-I-fn'¬ Bt£-]-lm-kymwiw Bhn-jvI-cn-®n-´p-≈-sX-ß-s\-sb∂v \ap°v Hcp kwL-N¿®-bn-eqsS Is≠-Ømw.

• c≠p kqN-\I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-IWw CXp \n¿h-ln-t°-≠-Xv.

♦ A[n-ImcPo¿W-X-bpsS {]Xo-I-ambn amdp∂ cmPm-hv.

♦ A[n-Im-c-Øns‚ CS-\m-gn-I-fnse D]-Pm-]-I-hrμw.

• {Kq∏-h-X-cWw

t{ImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-≠-Xv

\mS-I-Øns‚ t]cn¬Øs∂ \¿Ωw. P\m-[n-]-Xy-bp-K-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-°p∂ A·nh¿W-∑msc Bt£-]-lm-ky-Øn-eqsS ip≤o-I-cn-°p-I- F∂-XmWv \mS-I-e-£yw.

Nn¥m-cm-as‚ kw`m-j-W-ß-fn¬ ]e-bn-SØpw I]S_p≤n-Po-hn-I-tfm-Sp≈ ]cn-lm-kw.

cmPm-hns‚ ImemWv Fs‚ sNhn-sb∂v cmP-Kpcp. D]-tZ-in- ]m-Z-Zm-k-\m-hp-∂-Xns‚ ]cn-lm-ky-X-bm-Wn-Xv.

knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ Bcn-cp-∂mepw H∂pw ]d-bmØ tXmg-\m-sW∂cmPm-hn-s\-∏-‰n-bp≈ Nn¥m-cm-as‚ ]cm-a¿iw lmky-ap-W¿Øp-∂p.D]-Pm-]-I-hr-μ-Øn\v ÿm\w ssIh-cp∂p F∂ kqN-\-bpw.

• ta¬s®m∂ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ hy‡n-K-X-ambn \ncq-]Ww Xbm--dm-°mw.

ASn-®p-X-fn-°mcn˛ IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ kmaq-ln-I-am-\w

• {]l-k\kz`m-h-Øn¬ cNn-°-s∏´ Cu \mS-I-Øn\v Akm-[m-c-W-am-sbmcpKuchw ssIh-cp-∂Xv GXp IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ cwK-{]-th-i-tØm-sS-bmWv?

• Cu tNmZyw A[ym-]nI D∂-bn-°p-∂p. \mSI{]tabw A]{KYn® IpńIƒASn-®p-X-fn-°m-cn-sb∂v DØcw ]d-bpw. ASn-®p-X-fn-°mcn BcpsS {]Xn-\n-[n-bm-Wv?

♦ Xmtg-Ø-ń-ep≈ km[m-c-W-°m-cmb P\-Øns‚ {]Xn-\n-[n-bmWv ASn-®p-X-fn-°m-cn.

• \mS-Im-¥y-Øn\v Hcp ip≤o-I-c-W-Øns‚ kz`m-h-apt≠m? s]mXp-N¿®.

(]mTm-]-{K-Y\w {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn A[ym-]nI t{ImUo-I-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv).

• ASn-®p-X-fn-°m-cn-bpsS cwK-{]-th-i-tØmsS \mS-I-Øn\v ssIh-cp∂ kmaq-ln-I-am-\-sa-s¥∂v F-gp-Xm≥ Ipń-I-tfmSv ]dbp-∂p.

]{¥≠v

X\-XnSw 125

X\-Xp-\m-S-I-th-Zn-bnse Xmfm-flINe\w

• ""]°n-a-Iƒ NnØn-c-s∏tÆ]Øn-cp-]-sX-Ønb s]tÆhm s]tÆ If-Øn¬ sXfn-™n-cp-∂m-sSSn s]tÆhmSmsX ]pÆn-b-ap-t≈mcp hº-Øn-s∏tÆ''

F∂m-cw-`n-°p∂ Imhm-e-Øns‚ "Ah-\-h≥ ISº' F∂ \mS-I-Ønse ]m´v¢mkn¬ tIƒ∏n-°p-∂p (bqSyq_nep≠v).

• ]m´p-]-cn-j-bmWv Cu ]m´v \mS-I-Øn¬ ]mSp-∂-Xv. NnØn-c-s∏Æpw kt¥m-j-tØmsS Nph-Sp-h®v H∏-ap≠v. Cu cwKw Bhn-jvIcn-°mtam?

Xbm-dmb Ipń-I-sf Ah-X-cWØn\p £Wn-°p-∂p.

• Ah-X-c-W-sØ-∏‰n s]mXp-N¿®.

• Ah-X-c-W-Øns‚ kz`m-h-sa-¥m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v A[ym-]nI Bcm-bp∂p.

♦ Xmf-_-≤amb \nan-j-ßƒ.

♦ NphSph®p \oßp∂ IYm]m{Xßƒ.

♦ cwK-N-cy-I-fn¬ Xmf-Øn\pw Nph-Sn-\p-ap≈ ]s¶-s¥∂v hy‡-am-Ip-∂p.

• \mS-Im-cw-`-Ønse hnZq-j-Is‚ cwK-{]-thiw km[m-cW Hcp \SØw sIm≠vkm£m-¬°cn-°m-\m-hptam? Cs√-¶n¬ a‰p km[y-X-Iƒ Fs¥m-s°-bmWv?s]mXp-N¿®.

♦ hnZq-j-I≥ t{]£-Isc kw_--‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Akm-[m-cWIYm-]m-{X-am-Wv.

♦ c≠p ac-°m-ep-Iƒ Xe-bn-te-‰n-bmWv hnZq-jIs‚ hchv.

♦ ]n∂n¬ hmZyhpw apg-ßp-∂p-≠v.

• Cu kml-N-cy-ßƒ Xs∂ Nph-Sp-h®v Xmf-tØmsS hnZq-j-I-s\∂ IYm-]m-{XsØ cwK-sØ-Øn-°m≥ \Ss\ {]m]vX-\m-°p-∂p.

• Xmfm-flIkm[y-X-bp≈ \mS-I-Ønse a‰p Zriy-k-μ¿`-ßƒ hy‡n-K-X-ambnIs≠-Øm≥ ]dbp-∂p.

• GXm\pw Nne Ah-X-c-W-ßƒ.

• \mS-Im-cw-`-Øn¬Øs∂-bp≈ hnZq-j-Is‚ kw`m-j-W-Øn¬\n∂v ....

♦ lmky-I-Ym-]m-{X-at√, Abmƒ°p {]iv\-ß-sfm-∂p-an-√. aq°‰w

im∏m-Sv, ]I-en-c-hp-d°w (P\w Nncn-°p-∂p).

♦ A[n-t£-]-Øntem BZ-c-hntem {]P-I-fpsS Nncn Db-cp-∂Xv? Fß-s\-bm-bmepw hntcm-[-an-√.

(NmIym-cpsS kzcn-°¬coXn-bn-ep≈ kw`mj-Whpw AXn-\-\p-k-cn-®p≈ Nph-Sp-h-bv]p-am-hmw).

♦ tIh-e-cm--a≥ ]n¥n-cn-™mWv cwK-{]-thiw \S-Øp-∂-Xv. CXpw km[m-cW coXn-bn-em-I-cp-Xv. Xmf-Øn\pw Nph-Sp-h-bv]n\pw {]k-‡n-bp≠v; AXv]pXp-a-bp-≠m-°pw, Nncn-bp-W¿Øpw.

ebmfw

126 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

tdUntbm \mSIw

• "A·n-h¿Ws‚ Imep-I-fn'se \mS-Im-cw`w apX¬ Imep-Iƒ {]Xn-jvTn®v P\w]ncn-bp-∂-Xp-h-sc-bp≈ H∂mw Jfiw tdUntbm\mS-I-am-°m-\p≈ aps∂m-cp-°-ß-fn¬ A[ym-]n-Ibpw Ipń-Ifpw ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂p.

• ImÃnMv: IYm-]m-{X-ßƒ°-\p-k-cn®v \So-\-S-∑msc Xnc-s™-Sp-°¬.

• `mh-apƒs°m-≠p≈ kw`m-jW Ah-X-c-Ww.

• dntl-gvk-en-\p-tijw \mS-Im-h-X-c-Ww. Ah-X-c-W-Øn-\p-tijw N¿®m-thZnkwL-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p.

N¿®m-kq-N\-I-ƒ

♦ `mh-apƒs°m-≈p∂ kw`m-jWw D≠m-bn-cpt∂m?

♦ sshIm-cn-IX Zriym-\p-`-h-Øns‚ A`m-h-Øn¬ F{]-Im-c-am-bn-cp∂p?

♦ i_vZ-tem-I-Øn-eqsS k©-cn®v A¥cwK-Øn¬ Zriym-\p-`hw km[y-am-°p-∂-XmtWm Bkzm-Zy-I-cw?

t{ImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-≠-Xv

\mSIw cwK-I-e-bmWv. ChnsS i_vZm-hn-jvImcw am{Xta \S-°p-∂p-≈q. CXv tdUntbm\mS-I-Øns‚ ]cn-an-Xn-bm-Wv.

X\Xp\mS-I-th-Zn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ ]mT]pkvXIØnse Ipdn∏v hmbn-°m≥ Hcp Ipńsb £-Wn-°p-∂p.

• Ipdn∏v hmb\.

• ChnsS ]d™ Ah-X-c-W-k-{º-Zm-b-Øn-eqsS \ap°v Cu \mS-I-Øns‚ H∂mwJfiw ¢mkn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-hp-∂-XmWv.

\mS-I-in-ev]-ime

i\n-bmgvN ImeØv 9.30 apX¬ 4.30 hsc

09.30 ˛ 10.15 Ac-ßp-tIfn ({]h¿Ø\w 1 ˛ 3)

10.15 ˛ 11.15 Xmf ˛ Nn{XtIfn ({]h¿Ø\w 4 ˛ 5)

11.15 ˛ 11.30 hn{iaw

11.30 ˛ 12.30 IYm-c-N\tIfn ({]h¿Ø\w 6)

12.30 ˛ 01.30 `£-Ww, hn{iaw

01.30 ˛ 02.30 A`n-\b-°-fcn ({]h¿Ø\w 7)

02.30 ˛ 03.30 kwhn-[m-\-°-fcn ({]h¿Ø\w 8)

03.30 ˛ 04.00 cN-\°-fcn ({]h¿Ø\w 9)

04.00 ˛ 04.30 Ah-tem-I\w ({]h¿Ø\w 10)

]{¥≠v

X\-XnSw 127

{]h¿Ø\w 1: Ac-ßp-tIfn ˛ (\S∂p\S-∂v)

Dt±iy-ßƒ

{i≤ Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm≥. Ac-ßn-s\-°p-dn®pw kl A`n-t\-Xm-hn-s\-°p-dn®pw D≈ t_m[hpw ]c-

kv]c[mc-Wbpw D≠m-°m≥. am\-kn-I-amb DW¿hv \¬Im≥. ]cn-io-e-I\pw ]¶m-fnbpw XΩn¬ kulr-Zm-¥-co£w krjvSn-°m≥.

{]{Inb

F√m-h¿°pw \º¿ \¬Ip∂p. F√mhtcmSpw ]cn-io-e-\-°-f-Øn¬ ]e-bn-S-tØ-°mbn \S-°m≥ ]dbp-∂p. ]c-kv]cw Iqń-ap-´-cp-Xv. \S-°p-tºmƒ icocw ]ehn[-Øn¬ Nen-∏n°mw. Ac-ßn¬ Hgn™ ÿew D≠m-I-cpXv. ]c-kv]cw [mc-W-tbmsS hn\y-kn-

°-Ww. H‰kwJy-Iƒ \n¬°s´ F∂p ]d-bptºmƒ H‰kwJy-Iƒ GXv \ne-bn-em-

sW-¶n¬ B \ne-bn¬ \n›-e-cm-I-Ww. ]n∂oSv Cc´kwJy-Iƒ F∂p ]dbp-tºmƒ Ah¿ \n›-e-cm-hp-Ibpw a‰p-

≈-h¿ Nen-°p-Ibpw thWw. CjvS-ap≈ \º-dp-Iƒ CS-I-e¿Øn ]d™v Ifn XpScmw.

{]h¿Ø\w 2 : ]d™p]d™v

Dt±iy-ßƒ

]¶m-fn-Iƒ XΩn-ep≈ kulr-Zm-¥-co£w \ne-\n¿Øm≥. ]c-kv]cw CS-I-e-cm-\p≈ Ah-kcw krjvSn-°m≥. kwLsØ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°m-\p≈ tijn \¬Im≥. kzX-{¥-amb kw`m-j-W-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v.

{]{Inb

Ac-ßn¬ \So-\-S-∑m¿ \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ ]cn-io-e-I≥ ssIsIm-´p-∂p.

ssIsIm´v tIƒ°p-tºmƒ \So-\-S-∑m¿ \n¬°p-Ibpw Xßƒ°v A`n-ap-J-ambn hcp-∂-h-tcmSv GsX-¶nepw hnj-b-sØ-∏‰n kwkm-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. kwkmcw ]e Xmf-Øn-ep-am-Imw.

tIƒ°p∂ Bƒ, tIƒ°p∂ hnj-b-Øn\p hn]-co-X-amb `mhw apJØp{]I-Sn-∏n-°-Ww.

]cn-io-e-I≥ ssIsIm-´p-tºmƒ tI´p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ Bƒ kwkmcw XpS-ßp-Ibpw kwkm-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ Bƒ tIƒ°p-Ibpw thWw. apJØv hn]-co-X- m-hw.

ASpØ ssIsIm-ń\v c≠pt]cpw Hcpan®v kwkm-cn-°-Ww.

ebmfw

128 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

{]h¿Ø\w 3 : (sa\™psa\™v)

Dt±iy-ßƒ

A¥cwKw DW-cm≥. kq£va-X-tbmsS hn\y-kn-°m≥. \So-\-S-∑m¿ XΩn-ep≈ ]c-kv]chnizm-k-Øn\pw kl-I-c-W-Øn-\pw. ico-c-h-g°w Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn\v.

{]{Inb

]cn-io-e-I≥ aq∂v BÏpńIsf As√-¶n¬ s]Ïp-ń-Isf hnfn-°p-∂p. aq∂p t]cn¬ Hcmƒ inev]n. Abm-fpsS IÆp-Iƒ XpWn-sIm≠v sI´p-∂p. Hcmƒ inev]w. Abmƒ GXp t]mkn¬ \n¬°-W-sa∂v kZ- n\v \n¿tZin-

°mw (At∏mƒ inev]nsb kZ- ns‚ \n¿tZiw tIƒ°mØ Hcn-S-tØ°vam‰n \n¿-Ø-Ww).

aq∂m-a-sØ-bmƒ Ifn-aÆv inev]n-bpsS \n¿tZi-ßƒ°-\p-k-cn®v \ne-sIm-≈-Ww.

inev]Øn-s‚bpw Ifn-a-Æn-s‚bpw \Sp°v inev]nsb \n¿Øp-I. inev]n inev]sØ sXm´-dn™v Ifn-a-Æn¬ AtX inev]sØ sa\s™-

Sp°-Ww.

{]h¿Ø\w 4 : Xmf-tIfn

Dt±iy-ßƒ

hyXy-kvX-amb Xmf-ßƒ krjvSn-°p-∂-Xn-\v.

Xmf-ßƒ°n-Wßn Nen-°p-∂-Xn-\v.

{]{Inb

Ipń-I-sf-√m-hcpw h´-Øn¬ \n¬°p-∂p.

Hcmƒ ssIhn-c¬, ssIØ-ew, hmb F∂nhsIm≠v D≠m-°m-hp∂ i_vZ-ßƒ GsX-¶nepw Xmf-Øn¬ D≠m-°p-∂p. B Xmf-Øn\\p-k-cn®v efn-X-amb Hcp Ne-\hpw \S-Øp-∂p.

as‰-√m-hcpw CtX Xmfhpw Ne-\hpw ]n≥]-‰p-∂p.

F√m-hcpw AtX Xmfhpw Ne\hpw sX‰p-Iq-SmsX sNøp∂ \ne-h-∂m¬CXn-t\mSv tNcp∂ as‰mcp Xmfhpw Ne-\hpw sXm´-SpØ Bƒ sNøp-∂p.

a‰p-≈-hcpw CXp ]I¿Øp-∂p.

{]h¿Ø\w 5 : Nn{XtIfn

Dt±iy-ßƒ

kzmh-t_m[w DW¿Ø¬.

hmNy- m-j-bn¬\n∂v Nn{X`mj-bn-te-°p≈ ]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn-eqsS hymJym-\-£-a-X-bpsS angn-hv, IrXyX F∂nh Is≠-Ø¬.

Nn{X-hm-b-\-bn¬ ]cn-io-e\w t\S¬.

{]{Inb

\nß-sf-°p-dn®v \nßƒ CXp-hsc Nn¥n-®n-´pt≠m?

Hcp\nanjw IÆ-S®v bYm¿Y-Øn-ep≈ \nßƒ Bcm-sW∂v Nn¥n-°q.

]{¥≠v

X\-XnSw 129

\nß-fpsS bYm¿Y hy‡nXzw Fs¥∂v Is≠-Øn-b-t√m. C\n AXvt]mÃvIm¿Uv hep∏-Øn-ep≈ IS-em-kn-te°v Nn{X-ambn hc-bv°q.

Ipń-Iƒ hc-bv°p-∂p, {Itbm¨ sIm≠v If-dn-Sp-∂p.

Nne- Nn-{X-ßƒ {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p.

Nne Ipń-Isf hnfn®v Cu Nn{Xw hc® hy‡n-bpsS hy‡nXzhni-I-e\wNn{X-Øns‚ klm-b-tØmsS \S-Øm≥ Bhiy-s∏-Sp-∂p.

At©m Btdm t]¿ Nn{X-hm-b\ \S-Ø-s´.

{]h¿Ø\w 6 : IYm-c-N-\-mtIfn

Dt±iy-ßƒ

hmbn®v kzmwio-I-cn®v XpS¿®bpw hf¿®bpw Is≠-Øm-\p≈ £aXh¿[n-∏n-°¬.

]c-kv]-c-_-‘-tØmsS kw`-h-ß-sf Is≠-Øm-\p≈ £aX h¿[n-∏n-°¬.

]c-kv]-c-_-‘-tØmsS kw`-h-ß-sfbpw kμ¿`-ß-sfbpw sImcp-sØ-Sp-°m-\p≈ tijn hnI-kn-∏n-°¬.

{]{Inb

aqt∂m \mtem {Kq∏m-°p-∂p.

hcn-h-cn-bmbn Itk-c-bn´v Ccn-°p-∂p.

hcn-°p-ap-∂n¬ Hcp-°n-h® IS-em-kn¬ HmtcmcpØ-cmbn Hmtcm hmIyw Fgp-Xp-∂p.

]ckv]c_‘ap≈ hmIyØneqsS Hcp IY hfcp∂p, FgpXp∂p.

{]h¿Ø\w 7 : A`n-\-b-°-fcn

Dt±iy-ßƒ

`mh-\ hf¿Øp-∂-Xn\v. `mh-\-bvs°mØv ico-c-`m-j cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\v. \Ss‚ at\m-[¿Ωw {]Im-in-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ]cn-io-e-\-Øn-\v.

{]{Inb

Ac-ßn¬ GXm\pw hkvXp-°ƒ hbv°p-∂p. DZm: hSn, πmÃnIv Ip∏n, UÃ¿.

GsX-¶nepw Hcp hkvXp-sh-SpØv \S≥ B hkvXp-hns\ AX-√m-Xm°n as‰m-∂mbn `mh-\-sNbvXv Ac-ßØv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-Ww.

kw`mjWw ]mSn√.

\S≥ `mh-\-sNbvX hkvXp GXm-sW∂v t{]£-I¿°v ]d-bm≥ Ign-bWw.

DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v,

hSnsb ]mºm-bn-t´m πmÃnIv Ip∏nsb Ip™m-bnt´m \S\v `mh\sNbvXvA`n-\-bn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv.

ebmfw

130 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

{]h¿Ø\w 8 : kwhn-[m-\-°-fcn

Dt±iy-ßƒ

]c-kv]c_‘-tØmsS hnhn[ kμ¿`-Øn¬, ÿe-ß-fn¬ IYm-]m-{X-ßsf hn\y-kn-°m-\p≈ tijn hnI-kn-∏n°¬.

FØnt-®-cp∂ ÿew, kw`hw F∂n-h-bv°-\p-k-cn®v IYm-]m-{XsØ Iqń-t®¿°m-\p≈ £aX h¿[n-∏n-°¬.

kμ¿`m-\p-km-cn-bmb s]cp-am‰hnti-j-ßƒ Is≠Øn Bhn-jvI-cn-°m-\p≈ Ignhp hf¿Ø¬.

{]{Inb

aqt∂m \mtem {Kq∏p-Iƒ.

aq∂v s]ń-Iƒ. Hmtcm s]ń-bnepw ÿew, kw`-hw, IYm-]m-{X-ßƒ F∂nhhnh-cn-®n-´p≈ Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ.

ÿe-ßƒ (Bip-]-{Xn, _kvtÃm-∏v, ..... ), kw`-h-ßƒ (hnhm-lw, ac-Ww,tamj-Ww.....), IYm-]m-{X-ßƒ (Irjn-°m¿, hnI-emw-K¿.....)

Hmtcm kwLhpw Ah¿°p Inńb Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ tN¿Øv cwKm-hn-jvImcw \S-Øp-∂p.

Btem-N-\bv°pw Ah-X-c-W-Øn-\p-ambn 10 an\n‰v.

klr-Z-b-]-£Øp \n∂p-sIm-≠p≈ A[ym-]n-IbpsS Bkzm-Z-\w.

{]h¿Ø\w 9 : \mS-I-c-N-\-°-fcn

Dt±iy-ßƒ

t{]£-Isc ap∂n¬°≠v \mS-I-c-N-\-bn¬ G¿s∏-Sm-\p≈ ]cn-io-e-\w.

\mS-Io-b-X, ss¢amIvkv F∂nh sImcp-t°-≠- coXn a\- n-em-°¬.

IYm-]m-{Xßƒ, IYm-h-f¿® F∂o Imcy-ß-fn-ep≈ ASn-ÿm-\-[m-cWhf¿Ø¬.

cwK-]mTw a\- n¬ I≠v {KŸ-]mTw \n¿Ωn-°p-tºmƒ cwKm-h-X-c-W-Øn\vssIh-cp∂ kuI-cy-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Adn-hv \n¿Ωn°¬.

{]{Inb

IYm-c-N-\th-f-bn¬ cq]-s∏´ IY \mS-I-am°n Fgp-Xm≥ ]dbp-∂p.

"]p©ncn lm, Ipeo-\amw I≈ws\©p-Iodn Rm≥ t\cn-s\-°m´mw'

CXp-t]m-e-p≈ Ihn-Xm-i-I-e-ßfnse Bi-b-ßƒ hnI-kn-∏n®v \mS-I-c-N\\S-Ømw.

an∂p-∂-sX√mw s]m∂√ ˛ CØcw ]g-s©m-√p-Iƒ hnI-kn-∏n®pw \mS-I-ap-≠m-°mw.

sNdn-bm≥ sI. sNdn-bms‚ "tXß' F∂ IhnX \mS-I-am-°-Ww. sIm√m-¶-≠-Øn¬ tZh-ky-bp-sSbpw ]mep-t»-cn-bn¬ \mcm-b-W-]n-≈-bp-sSbpw kz`mhw,Ah¿ XΩn-ep≈ _‘w, Ah-cpsS Pohn-Xm-h-ÿ-Iƒ F∂nh mh-\-sNbvXv

]{¥≠v

X\-XnSw 131

]q¿h-I-Y-bp-≠m°n tXß hoW kw`hw AXn-t\mSv tN¿°-Ww.

{]h¿Ø\w 10 : Ah-tem-I\w

Dt±iy-ßƒ

\mS-IsØ kw_-‘n® ASn-ÿm\ [mc-W-Iƒ Dd-∏n-°¬. \mS-I-Øn¬ \Ss‚ {]m[m\yw a\- n-em-°¬. \mS-I-]-cn-io-e\w hy‡nXzhnI-k-\-Øn\pw kmaq-lnIPohn-X-Øn\pw

\¬Ip∂ {]tbm-P\w ASp-Ø-dn-b¬. ]c-lr-Z-b-⁄m\w D≠m-°¬.

{]{Inb

Ipń-I-fn¬ Nne-sc-s°m≠v A`n-{]mbw ]d-bn-°p-∂p.

A`n-\-bw, kwhn-[m-\w, \mS-I-c-N\ F∂o e£y-ßƒ°m-bp≈ tIfn-I-fnepwIf-cn-I-fn-ep-ap≈ A\p-`hw Nne-cn¬\n∂v Fgp-Xn-hm-ßp-∂p.

A[ym-]n-IbpsS / ]cn-io-e-Is‚ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬.

X\-Xp-\-mS-I-th-Znbpw Imhmew \mcm-b-W-∏-Wn°cpw

sImtfm-Wn-b¬ kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ kzm[o-\tam AXn-s\-°m-tfsd A\p-I-c-Wtam \ΩpsS Pohn-X-Øns‚ emh-Wy-]-chpw A√m-ØXp-amb F√m taJ-e-I-fnepw hfsc i‡-amb coXn-bn¬Øs∂ \ne-\n¬°p-∂p≠v. Cu Acp-Nn-I-c-amb hkvXp-X-bpsS Adn-hmWv \sΩ \ΩpsS ]mc-º-cy-Øn-e-[n-jvTn-X-ab Iem-Z¿i-\-Øn-te°pw Iem-cq-]-ß-fn-te°pw {i≤ sNep-Øm≥ t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

tIc-f-Ønse \mtSm-Snbpw ¢mkn-°-ep-amb Ie-I-fn¬\n∂v Du¿PwDƒs°m-≠p-sIm≠v tIc-f-Ø-\n-a-bp≈ Hcp \mS-I-thZn F∂ hnNmcw 1967¬ imkvXmw-tIm-´-bn¬ h®p \S∂ \mS-I-°-f-cn-bn-em-Wp-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. {io.Fw. tKmhn-μ-\mWv Cu Bibw BZy-ambn N¿®bv°p h®-Xv. 1968 se IqØm-´p-Ipfw If-cn-bn¬ {io. kn. F≥. {ioI-WvT≥\mb¿ Cu hnj-bsØ kw_-‘n®v {]_‘w Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. X\-Xp-\m-S-I-thZn F∂-kw⁄Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Cu {]_-‘-Øn-eq-sS-bm-Wv.

X\Xp\mSIImc≥amcn¬ {]apJ\mWv Imhmew. tIcfØ\na, \mtSmSnkmlnXyLSIßƒ, \mtSmSnkwkvImcw, tIcfobcwtKm]IcWßƒF∂nh ImhmeØns‚ \mSIßfn¬ \nd™p\n¬°p∂p. Ip´\mńse]WnbmfcpsS N{I∏m´pw Rm‰p]m´pw sImbvØp]m´pw F√mw ImhmesØkzm[o\n®n´p≠v. \mS≥IeIƒs°m∏w ¢mkn°¬IeIfpw ImhmeØns‚\mSIßfnse apJykzm[o\ßfmhp∂p. Xpd mb cwKthZnbmWvImhmeØns‚ \mSIßƒ Bhiys∏Sp∂Xv.

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2.3 ]Z-Øns‚ ]Y-Øn¬

]mT-Øn-te°v

• temI-sa-ºm-Spw kzoI-cn°s∏´ Nne Km\-ß-fpsS hoUntbm ImWn-°p-∂p.

DZm : Hm∏¨ K∂w ssÃ¬ (sImdnb≥Km\w)

h°m h°m (tem-I-I∏v ^pSvt_mƒ Xow tkmMv)

• Cu ]m´p-I-fpsS Bkzm-Z-\-Øn\v `mj, tZiw F∂nh XS w krjvSn-°p-∂pt≠m?

kwKoXw Bkz-Zn-°p-∂-Xn¬ `mj, hwiw, cmPyw F∂o AXn¿Øn-Iƒ XS w krjvSn-°p-∂n-√. AXn-\m-emWv temI-sa-ºm-Sp-ap≈ P\-ßƒ Cu Km\-ßƒ lrZ-b-]q¿hw kzoI-cn-®-Xv.

• kwKoXsa∂ Ie- a\p-jy-lr-Z-b-ßsf kv]¿in-°p-∂p. IYIfnkwKoXmem-]-\-Øn-eqsS tIc-f-Øns‚ Iem-cw-KØpw atX-X-c -k-aqlPohn-X-Ønepw {it≤-b-\mb Iem-Im-c≥ Iem-a-WvUew sslZ-cen-bpsS Bfl-I-Ym- mKw ]mT]pkvX-I-Øn-ep-≠v. Ipń-I-tfmSv ']Z-Øns‚ ]Y-Øn¬' F∂ ]mT-`mKw hmbn-°m≥\n¿tZin-°p-∂p.

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

A]-{K-Y-\-°p-dn∏v

• "a\p-jy≥ \n¿Ωn® AXn¿h-c-ºp-Isf Ie ambv®p-I-fbpw'

Iem-a-WvUew sslZ-c-en-bpsS PohnXw Cu {]kvXm-h-\sb km[q-I-cn-°p-∂p-t≠m?

A[ym-]nI tNmZn-°p∂p ˛s]mXp-N¿®.

• {Kq∏p-I-fm-bn- ]mT-`mKw A]-{K-Yn-°m≥ \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p. {Kq∏v Ah-X-c-Ww.

♦ kwKoXw ]Tn-°-W-sa∂ sslZ-cen-bpsS B{Klw k -e-am-hp-∂p. kmap-Zm-bnIhne-°p-I-fn-√msX Iem-a-WvU-e-Øn¬ tNcm≥ Ah-kcw e`n-°p-∂p.

♦ kwKo-X-tØmSpw sslZ-c-en-tbmSpw Xm¬∏cyw D≈-Xn-\m¬ sslZ-cen°vIem-a-WvU-e-Øn¬ tNcm-\m-h-iy-amb Pmay-ØpI \¬In kn.]n.B‚Wn klm-bn-°p-∂p. Zmcn-{Zy-Im-esØ adn-I-S∂v kwKoXw ]Tn-°m≥sslZ-c-en-°m-hp-∂Xv kn.-]n-. B‚-Wn-bpsS klmbwsIm≠m-Wv.

♦ Abn-Ø-Øns‚ t]cn¬ kl-]m-Tn-Iƒ AI-‰p-tºmƒ A[ym-]-I-cmbinh-cm-a-\m-im\pw \oe-I-WvT≥\ºo-i-\m-im\pw sslZ-c-ensb ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂p. kwKo-X-hn-Zym¿Yn-bm-b- ssl-Z-cen°v Kpcp-Im-cp-Wyhpwhm¬k-eyhpw e`n-°p-∂p.

• N¿®-bn¬ cq]-s∏´ Bi-b-ßƒ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn hnZym¿Yn-I-tfmSv hy‡n-K-X-ambn A]-{K-Y-\-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°m≥ A[ym-]nI \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p.

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X\-XnSw 133

\nco-£-W-°p-dn∏v

• ""At\Iw \n¿`m-Ky-ß-tfmsSm∏w kw`-hn® Nne `mKy-ß-fpsS t]cn-emWvRm\n∂v Pohn-°p-∂-Xv.''

""]m´p-]m-Sn-Ø-∂mWv _m∏ Fs∂ kvt\ln-®Xpw emfn-®Xpw.''

]mT- mKØp≈ Cu ]cm-a¿i-ß-fn¬\n∂v e`y-am-Ip∂ Bi-b-ßƒ Fs¥√mw?s]mXp-N¿®.

♦ Zmcn-{Zyhpw Ah-K-W-\bpw \nd™ sslZ-c-en-bpsS _mey-Im-e-Po-hnXw.

♦ IjvS-∏m-Sp-Iƒ AXn-Po-hn®v t\Snb {]ikvXn.

♦ _m∏-bpsS kvt\lhpw hm¬k-eyhpw.

♦ ]m´p-]mSn Xs∂ kzm[o-\n® _m∏.

• P∑-kn-≤nbpw km[-\-bp-amWv Iem-Im-cs\ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-sX∂v Iem-a-WvUewsslZ-c-enbpsS Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h-ß-fn¬\n∂v \mw Xncn-®-dn-™p. {]i-kvX-cmba‰p hy‡n-I-fpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬\n∂v kam-\-amb kμ¿`-ßƒ Is≠-Øm-sa∂vBap-J-ambn A[ym-]nI ]d-bp-∂p.

• Xmsg-s°m-SpØ Bfl-I-Y-I-fn¬ GsX-¶nepw H∂n¬ \n∂v P∑-kn-≤nbpw km[-\bpw sIm≠v Iem-Im-c≥/Iem-Imcn cq]-s∏´ kμ¿`-Øn\v DZm-l-cn-°m-hp∂`mK-ßƒ ¢mkn¬ A[ym-]nI hmbn-°p-∂p.

Hcp \Ss‚ BflIY ˛ sk_mÃy≥ Ip™pIp™p`mKhX¿

Fs‚ IemPohnXw ˛ B¿ńÃv ]n.sP. sNdnbm≥kvss{XWw ˛ IemaWvUew IrjvW≥\mb¿kzcm¿®\ ˛ IemaWvUew i¶c≥ F{ºm¥ncnBfl-IYbv°v HcmapJw ˛ efnXmw_nI A¥¿P\w

Cu kμ¿`w sslZ-c-en-bpsS Bfl-I-Ym-`m-K-hp-ambn kam-\X ]pe¿Øp-∂pt≠m?

• kμ¿`w ]mT- m-K-hp-ambn tN¿Øv s]mXp-hmbn N¿®-sN-øp-∂p. hnZym¿Yn-I-fpsS\nco-£-W-ßƒ tN¿Øp-h®v A[ym-]nI t{ImUo-I-cn-°p-∂p.

{]Xn-k-‘n-Isf AXn-Po-hn-°-emWv Ie. {]Xn` P∑-kn-≤-amWv. Nn´-bmb ]cn-io-e\w Bh-iy-amWv. Bfl-k-a¿∏Ww Ie-sb Zo]vX-am-°p∂p.

• Ct∏mƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏- -X-√msX at‰-sX-¶nepw Iem-Im-cs‚/Iem-Im-cn-bpsS Bfl-IY hmbn-°m\pw P∑-kn-≤nbpw km[-\bpw sIm≠v Iem-a-WvUew sslZ-c-ensb cq]-s∏-Sp-Ønb kμ¿`-Øn\v kam-\-amb `mK-ßƒ Is≠Øn hy‡n-K-X-ambn \nco-£Ww Ipdn-°m\pw ]dbp-∂p.

{]`m-jWw

• IY-IfnkwKoXw Item¬kh-a-’-c-bn-\-amWv. kvIqƒ Item¬k-h-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ cwK-I-e-Iƒ GsX-√m-amWv? A[ym-]nI tNmZn-°p-∂p.

♦ Z^vap´v♦ Xncp-hm-Xn-c-°fn♦ am¿Kw-Ifn♦ ]qc-°fn

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♦ h©n-∏m´v♦ \mS≥]m´v

• kmwkvIm-cn-I-ssh-hn[yw {]I-S-am-Ip∂ aqt∂m -\mtem Iem-cq-]-ßfpsShoUntbm ImWn-°p-∂p.

Cu Iem-cq-]-ß-fpsS kmwkvIm-cnIkhn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Fs¥-√m-amWv?♦ A\p-jvTm-\-kz-`mhw♦ aX-˛-km-ap-Zm-bnI ]mc-ºcyw♦ \mtSm-Sn-ss]-XrIw♦ kwKo-X, \rØ, A`n-\-b-k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ

• sshhn-[y-ap≈ Iem-cq-]-ßƒ \ΩpsS kmwkvIm-cnIPohn-X-Øns‚ `mK-am-Wv.Cu Iem-cq-]-ßƒ kvIqƒ Item¬k-h-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-dp-≠v.

• kmwkvIm-cnI ka-\z-b-Øn-eqsS "atX-X-cXzw i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn¬ Item¬k-h-ßƒ hln-°p∂ ]¶v' F∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ {]`m-jWw Xbm-dm°n Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p.

• Btdm Ft´m Ipń-I-ƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. a‰p Ipń-Iƒ {]`m-jWw hne-bn-cp-Øs´.

hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ kqN-I-ßƒ

♦ Bibw♦ `mj♦ ssien♦ `mhw

s]mXp-N¿®

• {]Xn-k-‘n-Isf AXn-Po-hn® Ão^≥ tlm°nMv F∂ {]Xn- m-im-ensb A[ym-]nI ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

Ão^≥ tlm°nMvhnJym-X-\mb {_nńjv ùXn-I-im-kv{X-⁄-\mWv Ão^≥ tlm°nMv. \£-{X-

ßƒ \in-°p-tºmƒ cq]wsIm≈p∂ Xtam-K¿Ø-ß-sf-°p-dn-®v C∂v e`y-amb hnh-

c-ß-fn¬ ]eXpw At±-l-Øns‚ Kth-j-W- -e-am-Wv. hneyw Ão^≥ tlm°nßns‚

"F {_o^v lnÃdn Hm^v ssSw' temIØv G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ hmbn-°-s∏´ imkv{X-

{K-Ÿ-am-Wv. tIw{_nPv k¿h-I-em-im-e-bn¬ Kth-jWw sNøp-tºm-gmWv ssIIm-

ep-Iƒ Xf¿∂p-t]m-Im≥ Imc-W-amb \mUo-tcmKw At±lsØ _m[n-®-Xv. ssIIm-

ep-Iƒ Nen-∏n-°m\mhmØ Ah-ÿ-bnepw Kth-jWw ]q¿Øn-bm°n imkv{Xm-t\z-

j-W-Øn¬ apgpIn At±-lw. At±-l-Øns‚ ico-c-Øn¬ Ne-\-tijn \jvS-s∏-

SmØ Hcp Ah-b-h-ta-bp-≈q. AXv Xe-t®m-dmWv; temIsØ G‰hpw t{ijvT-amb

Xe-t®m-dv. imkv{Xhpw ]cn-ÿn-Xnbpw ka-\z-bn-∏n-°p∂ At\z-j-W-ß-fnepw kwLm-

S-\-ß-fnepw Hcp Iºyq- ¿Itk-c-bn-en-cp∂v CS-s]-Sp-∂p. At±lw AXn-\mbn temI-

sa-ºmSpw k©-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

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X\-XnSw 135

• Ão^≥ tlm°nßns‚ PohnXw F¥mWv \sΩ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xv? s]mXp-N¿®.

♦ {]Xn-k-‘n-Iƒ AXn-Po-hn-°m≥ C—m-i‡n hy‡n°v IcpØp \¬Ip-∂p. kwKo-X-tØm-Sp≈ A`n-\n-thiw Zpcn-X-ßsf adn-I-S-°m≥ Iem-a-WvUew sslZ-c-en°v Icp-Øp- \¬In.

♦ C—m-i-‡n-bp-≈-h-cmbn \mw Pohn-t°-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy-IX t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

A`n-ap-J-te-J\w

• Iem-cq-]-ßƒ°v tIc-f-Øns‚ kmwkvIm-cnIPohn-X-Øn-ep≈ {]m[m-\y-sØ-∏‰n \mw N¿®sNbvXp Ign-™p. tIc-f-Øns‚ A`n-am-\-ambn Icp-Xn-bn-cp∂Iem-cq-]-ßƒ C∂v Fs¥-¶nepw sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-Sp-∂pt≠m? s]mXp-N¿®.

♦ Iem-cq-]-ßƒ°v th≠{X Acßv In´p-∂n√.♦ Iem-Im-c≥amsc Ah-K-Wn-°p∂p.♦ amdnb A`n-cp-Nn-bn¬ X\XvIem-cq-]-ßƒ°v th≠{X ]cn-K-W\

\¬Ip∂n√.♦ Iem-cq-]-ß-sf-∏-‰n-bp≈ A⁄X.♦ Ie D]-Po-h-\-am¿K-am-°m≥ ]‰p-∂n√.

• Ac-ßp-I-fn¬ hy‡n-ap{Z ]Xn-∏n® (I-em-ta-Je GsX∂v hy‡-am-°-Ww) HcpIem-Im-c-\p-ambn A`n-apJw \S-Øm-\m-h-iy-amb tNmZym-hen Xbm-dm-°m≥A[ym-]nI \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p.

• {]mtZ-in-I-amb km[y-X-Iƒ IW-°n-se-Sp-°-Ww.

• tNmZym-h-en°v th≠ KpW-ßƒ Fs¥-√m-sa∂v A[ym-]nI tNmZn-°p∂p.♦ emfnXyw♦ hy‡X♦ {]k‡n♦♦

• tNmZy-ßƒ kv]¿in-t°≠ taJ-e-Iƒ GsX√mw?

♦ Iem-cq-]-Øns‚ {]tXy-IX.♦ Iem-Po-hnXw♦ hy‡n-Po-hnXw♦ AwKo-Im-c-ßƒ♦ Iebpw kaq-lhpw♦ kmwkvIm-cnIkhn-ti-j-X-Iƒ♦ {]Xo-£-Iƒ

• tNmZy-ßƒ hy‡n-K-X-ambn Xbm-dm-°m≥ \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p. ]n∂o-S-hsc {Kq∏m-°p-∂p.

• anI® tNmZy-ßƒ Hmtcm {Kq∏n¬\n∂pw Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂p. s]mXp-tNm-Zym-hen cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p.

• XpS¿∂v Iem-Im-c-\p-ambn hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ A`n-apJw \S-Øp-∂p. adp-]-Sn-I-fpsSIpdn-s∏-Sp-°p-∂p. AXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hy‡n-K-X-ambn A`n-apJteJ\wXbm-dm-°m≥ \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p. Ch-bn¬ {]k-‡-sa-∂p- tXm-∂p-∂h {]kn≤o--I-c-W-ßƒ°v Ab-®p-sIm-Sp-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

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136 So®¿ sSIvÃv

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N¿®°p-dn∏v

• AΩ-∂q¿ am[-h-®m-Iym-cpsS IqSn-bm´ Ah-X-c-W-Øns‚ hoUntbm bqSyq-_n¬\n∂p Ipń-Isf ImWn-°p-∂p.

• kq£vam-`n-\-bw Bh-iy-amb Iem-cq-]-amWv IqSn-bm-´-sa∂pw AXns‚ BNm-cy-ÿm-\-ØmWv AΩ-∂q¿ am[-h-®m-Iym-sc∂pw A[ym-]nI ]d-bp-∂p.

• ]Xva{io AΩ-∂q¿ am[-h-®m-Iym-sc-∏‰n Fw.Sn. hmkp-tZ-h≥\mb¿ Fgp-Xnb teJ-\- mKw ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øn-ep-≠v. AXv hmbn-°m-≥ ]d-bp-∂p.

• Fw.Sn. hmkp-tZ-h≥\mb-cpsS Ipdn-∏n¬ \sΩ AZv`p-X-s∏-Sp-Ønb Imcy-ßƒFs¥-¶n-ep-apt≠m?

♦ Bkzm-Z-I-cn-√msX NmIym¿IqØv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.♦ Bkzm-Z-I-]-£Øv hnf°v am{Xw.

• Iem-h-X-c-W-Øn\v Bkzm-Z-I¿ A\n-hm-cy-amtWm?

♦ Bflm-hn-jvIm-c-amWv Ie.♦ Iem-Im-c-\mb hy‡n-bpsS {][m-\-[¿Ωw Iem-hn-jvImcw \S-ØpI

F∂-Xm-Wv. P\-ßtfm kaq-ltam ImWp-∂Xpw Bkz-Zn-°p-∂Xpw]n∂oSv kw`-hn-°p∂ Imcy-am-Wv.

♦ \S≥Xs∂ t{]£-I-\m-Ip∂ Ah-ÿ-bp-ap-≠v.

• N¿®-bn¬ Dcp-Øn-cn™ Bi-b-ßƒ Dƒs∏-SpØn hy‡n-K-X-ambn Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°m≥ ]dbp∂p.

AΩ∂q¿ am[h®mIym¿

IqØns‚bpw IqSnbm´Øns‚bpw Ipe]XnbmWv Ct±lw.Ccnßme°pSbnse AΩ∂q¿ NmIym¿aTØn¬ 1917 sabv 13 \vP\n®p. ]Xns\m∂mw hb n¬ Actß‰w. F´p ]Xn‰mt≠mfwB´Øns‚ Acßn¬. Ht´sd B´{]Imcßƒ Nn´s∏SpØn.IqSnbm´sØ temI{]ikvXam°p∂Xn¬ henb ]¶phln®Ct±lØns‚ ]cn{iaßfpsSIqSn êambmWv bp\kvtImIqSnbm´sØ am\hcminbpsS Aaqeyss]XrIkzØv F∂\nebn¬ AwKoIcn®Xv. ]fl{io, ]fl`qj¨, ImfnZmkkΩm≥XpSßn \nch[n ]pckvImcßƒ e`n®p. 2008 Pqsse 1 \vA¥cn®p.

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X\-XnSw 137

2.4 am∏n-f-∏m-ńse tIc-fo-bX

\m´p-cm-P-y-ß-fpsS Iq´-am-bn-cp∂ tIc-f-Øn-te°v I®-h-S-Øn\pw aX-{]-t_m-[-\-Øn\pw th≠n FØnb Ad-_n-Iƒ°v Xt±iob-cp-am-bp≈ Bibhn\n-a-b-Øn\v`mj Hcp XS- -am-bn-cp-∂p. AXv ]cn-l-cn-°m-\p-X-Ip∂ coXn-bn¬ Ad_n˛ae-bm-fw `mjm-k-¶cw cq]-s∏-´p. ]n∂o-SXv kmln-X-y-`m-j-bmbpw amdn. [mcmfw KZy-˛-]-Zy IrXn-Iƒ Cu `mj-bn¬ {]Nmcw t\Sn. ae-_m-dnse apkvenwIƒ "am∏n-f-am¿"F∂pw Ah-cpsS ]Z-y-Ir-Xn-Iƒ 'am∏n-f-∏m-´p-Iƒ' F∂pw Adn-b-s∏-´p.

am∏n-f-∏m´v Pohn-X-Øns‚ Xmfhpw {ipXnbpw eb-hp-amWv. `‡nbpw {]W-bhpwam{X-a√, kvt\lw, Imcp-W-yw, {]Xn-Imcw, i{Xp-X, tIm]w, Xam-i, k¶Sw XpSßnPohn-X-K-‘n-bmb kIe hnIm-c-ß-fpw AXn¬ {]Xn-^-en-°p-∂p. Km\-co-Xn-bmWvam∏n-f-∏m-´p-Iƒ ]n¥p-S-cp-∂-Xv. Ad_n tKm{X-h¿K-°m-cpsS \nc-h[n CuW-ß-fp-sSbpw Ad_ns_bvØns‚bpw {ZmhnUobamb ioep-I-fp-sSbpw IqSn-°-e-cn-eneqsS Hcp s]mXp-km-aq-lnIXmfw Ah s\bvXp-≠m-°n. am∏n-f-∏m-´p-Iƒ Hcpkap-Zm-b-Øns‚ am{X-am-ImsX, P\-kw-kvIr-Xn-bpsS Xs∂ mK-ambn amdp-∂XpwAXn-\m-emWv. Iºn, Igp-Øv, hm¬°-ºn, hmeptΩ¬°ºn Xp-S-ßnb {]mk-ß-fpsS I¿°i ]p\ÿm-]-\-Øn-eqsS Ad_nae-bmfkmln-Xyw X\-Xmb CuWhy-hÿ ÿm]n-s®-SpØp. kmwkvImcnI kΩn-{i-X-tbm-sSm∏w A\-\-y-am-sbmcp X\nakq£n-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS Ah thdn´p\n¬°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ame-∏m-´v, sI p]m-´v,{]W-b-Im-h-y-ßƒ, IØp-]m-´v, H∏-\-∏m-´v, A∏-∏m´v, ]£n-∏m´v F∂n-hsb√mwCXns‚ ssIh-gn-I-fm-Wv.

]mTm]-{K-Y\w

]pen-t°m-ń¬ sslZ¿

Gd-\mSv Xmeq°v ]p∂-∏me Awiw sNS-ßm-¶pfw tZiØv ]peØv sFØpA[n-Im-cn-bp-sSbpw ssXtØm-S-Ø¬ DΩm-Zn-bp-Ω-bp-sSbpw c≠m-asØ aI-\mbn 1879 ¬ ]pen-t°m-ń¬ sslZ¿ P\n-®p. ]pen-t°m-ń¬ ho´p-t]-cm-Wv.kmº-Øn-Iti-jn-bp≈ GsXmcp Gd-\m-S≥ apkvenw IpSpw-_-Øn-sebpwkm[m-cW AwK-sØ-t∏mse sslZ¿ hf¿∂p. Ipń-°m-eØv Fgp-Xm\pwhmbn-°m\pw Bh-i-y-ap≈ hnZym-`ym-kta At±-l-Øn\v e`n-®p-≈q. Ipń-bm-bn-cn-°p-tºmtg ]m-ń¬ henb Iº-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]nXm-hns‚ kplr-Øp-°-fm-bn-cp∂ tambn≥IpńsshZ-y¿, Ip™n-cma Ip™n-cm-bn≥ XpS-ßnb Ihn-Iƒ CS-bv°nSbv°v hoń¬ hcm-dp-≠m-bn-cp∂p. Cu kº¿°w sslZ-dns‚am∏n-f-∏m´v IºsØ t]mjn∏n-®p. ]p√m-c -]q-t°m-b-X-ßƒ, IΩpń ac-°m¿F∂n-h¿ sslZ-dn\v am∏n-f-∏m´pcN-\-bn¬ hgn-Im-ń-I-fm-bn. ]me-°ms´tambns‚ aIƒ ]mØp-Ω-°p-ńsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. CXn¬ Ggp k¥m-\-ß-fp-≠m-bn. tIcfNcn{Xw, adn-b-°p-ń-bpsS IØv, Zpcm-Nm-c-am-e, Ien-bp-Kw, ImXp-Ip-Øvam-e, kv{Xoa¿Zn-am-e, amc≥am-cpsS XIcmdv XpS-ßnbhsb√mwAt±-l-Øns‚ {]kn-≤-am-b -]m-´p-I-fm-Wv.

ebmfw

138 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

sslZ¿ ]m´p-Iƒ Fgp-Xp-Ibpw ]mSpIbpw sNøpam-bn-cp-∂p. k¥-X-k-l-Nm-cn-Iƒ Ah-sbms° Ipdn-s®-Sp-°pw. kz¥w Imh-y-c-N-\sb Hm¿Øn-´m-hWw, Xs‚ {]kn-≤-a-√mØ Hcp cN-\-bn¬ sslZ¿ ]mSp-I-bp-≠m-bn:

""]mSn Rm≥ aqf-°-amseHcp ]m´p X∂mse''

At±-l-Øns‚ a\- nepw Hcp aqf°w ˛ CuWw˛ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ImWp-∂Xpw tIƒ°p-∂Xpw F√mw B CuW-Øn¬ ]m´mbn hm¿∂phoWp. sslZ¿cN-\-Iƒ A[n-Ihpw hnh-c-Wßfm-Wv. s]mSn-∏pw- sXm-ß-epIsfm∂pan-√msXkwKo-Xm-fl-I-ambn Imcy-ßƒ hnhcn°pI. Hcp Xcw ZrIvkm£nhnh-cWw.Xs‚ cN-\-I-fnse kw`-h-ßsf ]e-t∏mgpw tNXn F∂m-W-t±lw hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. tNXn°v hm¿Ø F∂m-Wt√m A¿Yw. Xs∂- ]cm-a¿in-t°-≠n-h-cp-tºmƒ dmhn F∂pw At±lw ]dbpw. dmhn F∂ Ad-_n-hm-°n\v dnt∏m¿-´¿F∂m-W¿Yw. At±lw dnt∏m¿´v sNøp-I-bm-Wv, \m´p-h¿Ø-am-\w ]m´m-°p-I-bmW.v Cu dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ Bk-zm-Z-y-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂Xv Cu hcn-I-fnse XmfhpwkwKo-XhpwsIm≠m-Wv. {]ta-b-Ønepw ]Zm-h-en-bn-ep-ap≈ tIc-fo-b-X, kmaq-lnI]cn-jvI-cWw e£y-am-°n-bp≈ hna¿i-\-ßƒ, Ahihn`m-K-ß-fpsSs\mº-c-ß-fpsS Nn{Xo-I-cWw, \nX-y-Po-hn-X-bm-Ym¿Y-y-ß-fpsS kPo-h-km-∂n-[yw F∂nh sslZ¿]m´p-I-fpsS {][m\ khn-ti-j-X-I-fmWv. ame-∏m-´v,IØp]m´,v k¿°o-´v]m´v XpSßn am∏n-f-∏m-ńs‚ A°m-esØ ssIh-gn-I-fn-se√mw sslZ¿ Xs‚ Ih\ssh`hw sXfn-bn-®n-cp-∂p.

am∏n-f-∏m-´p-cw-KsØ sslZ¿km∂n-[yw sImSpß√q¿°f-cn-bnse \nan-j-I-hn-I-sf-bmWv Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂Xv. ]®-a-e-bmf]Z-ßƒ, i_vZm-e-¶mc{]nbw,ckn-I-X, hm°-k¿Øv, kv{Xoh¿W\, ka-Im-enIPohn-X-Øns‚ hnh-c-W-ßƒ XpS-ßnb Imcy-ß-fn-se√mw ]pen-t°m-ń¬ sImSp-ß-√q¿°f-cn-°mscHm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂p. IØn-S-]m-Sp-Iƒ, bm{Xm-hn-h-cW-ßƒ F∂nh Ihn-X-bn-em-°p-∂-Xn\v Cu Ihn-Iƒ ImWn® Ic-hn-cpXv {]kn-≤-am-Wt√m. sImSp-ß-√q¿Ihn-I-fpw am∏n-f-∏m´pcN-bn-Xm°fpw XΩn¬ t\cn´p _‘s∏- n-cp-∂n-√. ]t£,{_nńjv B[n-]-X-y-Im-eØv kaq-l-Ønse D]-cn-h¿K-Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂ at\m-`m-h-ßƒ kam-¥c{]hmlwt]mse Cu c≠p Iq´w Ihn-I-fpsS Ihn-X-I-fnepwImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

hep∏-ap≈ {]ta-b-ßƒ ssIIm-cyw sNøm≥ ]pen-t°m-ń¬ sslZ-dn\vHcn-°epw CS-bm-bn-√. Xd-hm´papX¬ tIkp-IqSn \in-∏n® Hcp ]W-°m-c-s\-bmWv hmk-\m-k-º-∂\pw ]Z-k-º-∂-\p-amb Cu Ihn Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂Xv.IÆn\p I≠ F√m-‰nepw At±-l-Øns‚ Ih-\-tijn Xe-bn-´p. GXp hy-‡n-bpsS GXp tIkpw Gs‰-SpØv At±lw ]m´p-sI-ń. B hgn°v At±-l-Øns‚ Ih\tijn sNe-hmbnt∏mhp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]pen-t°m-ń¬ sslZ-dns‚ Ihn-X-I-fn-eqsS IS∂pt]mIp∂ klr-Z-b-s∏´ GsXmcp a\- n\pwA¥n-a-ambn _m°n\n¬°p∂ hnjmZw CXm-bn-cn-°pw˛

Cu Ihn CXn-t\-°mƒ hep-∏-ap≈ H∂nepw sN∂pNmSn-bn-√-t√m.(Fw.F≥. Imc-t»cn ˛ ]pen-t°m-ń¬ IrXn-Iƒ ˛ Bap-Jw)

]{¥≠v

X\-XnSw 139

]mT-Øn-te°v

• ]cn-N-b-ap≈ Nne am∏n-f-∏m-´p-I-fpsS Bem-]\w ¢mkn¬ \S-°-s´.

• am∏n-f-∏m-ńs‚ D]-hn-`m-K-ß-sfbpw kz-`m-h-k-hn-ti-j-X-I-sfbpw ]cn-N-bs∏-Sp-Øm≥ Cu ]m´p-Iƒ klm-b-I-am-hpw.

♦ am∏n-f-∏m-ńs‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ.

♦ D]-hn-`m-K-ßƒ

♦ {][m\ am∏n-f-∏m´pIhn-Iƒ.

♦ ]pen-t°m-ń¬ sslZ-dns\-°p-dn-®p≈ N¿®-I-fn-te-°v.

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

{]tabw, `mj, ImgvN∏mSv

• "aplvbn±o≥ame-'bnse Hcp `mKw H∂mw-h¿j lb¿ sk-°-≠dnbn¬ Ipń-Iƒ ]Tn-®n-´p-≠v. tambn≥IpńsshZ-y-cS-°-ap≈ Ihn-I-fpsS am∏n-f-∏m-´p-IƒtI´p ]cn-N-bn-®n--´p-≠v. Ch-sbms° {][m-\-ambpw A]-Zm-\-{]-[m-\hpwNcn{Xaplq¿Ø-ßfpw a‰pw {]ta-b--am-bn-´p-≈-hbpam-Wv. F∂m¬ ]pen-t°m-ń¬ sslZ-dns‚ cN-\-Iƒ Xs‚ Np‰p-]m-Sp-I-fn¬ \n∂v hnj-b-ßƒ kzo-I-cn°pIbpw `mj-bn¬ {Kmao-WX ]pe¿Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. At±-l-Øns‚Xmfwt]mepw \nX-y-Po-hn-X-N-e-\ßfpambn _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p.

• DZm-l-c-W-k-lnXw Ch ka¿Yn-t°-≠-Xp≠v. AXn-\mbn hy-X-ykvX Imhy-`m-K-ßƒ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ømw.

• "aplvbn±o≥ame'-bnse Hm¿Ωbn¬ Xßn\n¬°p∂ Km\-ßƒ ¢mkn¬ sNm√n-°mw.

• tI´p ]cn-N-bn® am∏n-f-∏m-ńse Nne `mK-ßƒ ¢mkn¬ sNm√p-∂p.

• CXns‚sb√mw `mjm-]-chpw {]ta-b-]-c-hp-amb {]tX-y-I-X-Iƒ N¿®sNø-p-∂p.

• tijw ]pen-t°m-ńens‚ Nne cN-\-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

"sh≈s∏m°ame-'bn¬\n∂v

""D≠-\¿Yw tIcfw a‰p ]pcnIsf√mwD∂nbm¬ AXn-s∂mcp Iøpw IW°pan√mhn≠Xv sIms≠s‚ tIc-f-Øn¬ h∂ \miwhn≈n-Sp-hm≥ am{Xta D≈q F\n°pt±iwIp≠n-Sn™v Bf-]mbw h∂v A´∏mSnIqdp-hm≥ Ip‰m-Snbpw Pqh¬ DXn¿∂v NmSnAsßt∏mse \mSp-ImWo hoWnSn™p sImt≠Aßp-anßpw t]m°pw hchpw apSßn-´p-≠v.''

"adn-b-°p-ń-bpsS IØn'¬\n∂v

""D≠-sX-¶nev, h∂p Imäm\p≠v tamlw s]mt∂!

ebmfw

140 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

H‰- t\m°v I≠v acn-t®ms´ A∂pXs∂!Fs‚ s]m∂ym amctc! ]ns∂¥n\m shdp∏vv?Fs‚ taen¬ sh®n-Sp∂v Nn¥bn¬ apjn∏v''

"ImXpIp-Øvam-e-'bn¬\n∂v

""ImXv IpØpw _nZv-A-Øp-sIm≠p≈tNXw s]cp-Øp≠v tIƒ-°phn≥! sIm©wHmXp-∂nXm J_-dm-°p-hn≥!Ime-s®-dp-∏-Øn¬ s]Ïp-ń-IsftImew sISp-Øm-Xn-cn-°p-hn≥! A¥them Cs™-¶nepw t]m°p-ho≥!

(thsdbpw Ihn-Xm-`m-K-ßƒ tiJ-cn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv).

• ]pen-t°m-ń¬ sslZ-dns‚ IrXn-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-I-fmbn kqNn-∏n-°-s∏-Ímc-y-ßƒ DZm-l-c-W-ß-fn¬\n∂v hy-‡am-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. {Kq∏v N¿®-I-fp-sSbpwt{ImUo-I-c-W-Øns‚bpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]mT-`m-Kw-IqSn ]cn-K-Wn®v Hcp ]T-\-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°mw.

$ ]pen-t°m- n¬IrXn-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏SpØp-tºmƒ CuWØn¬s®m√nb HmUntbmkwhn-[m-\-ßƒ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-ØpI.

am∏nf∏m´v hn`mKßƒ

ame-∏m vAd_nae-bm-f-Øn¬ cNn-°-s∏´ Io¿Ø\Imh-y-ß-fmWv ame-∏m- p-Iƒ. ]pWym-flm-°-fpsS Pohm-]-Zm-\-ß-fmWv ame-∏m- p-I-fpsS D≈-S-°w. tIc-f-Øn¬ Ckvem-anseØs∂ hy-X-ykvX am¿K-ßƒ (Xz-co-J-Øp-Iƒ) i‡-amb Ime-L-´-Øn-emWv ame-∏m-´p-Iƒ [mcm-f-ambn D≠m-b-Xv. ame-∏m-ń\v c≠p `mK-ßfp≠v.]pWyhy-‡n-bpsS A]-Zm-\-ßƒ hmgvØp-∂-XmWv BZy-`m-Kw. c≠mw-`mKwssiihw ap≥\n¿Øn ssZh-tØmSv {]m¿Yn-°p-∂p. "aplvbn±n≥ame' CXn¬

{][m-\-s∏-´-Xm-Wv.

IØp-]m´vam∏n-f-∏m´pkmln-X-y-Ønse kºpjvS-am-sbmcp ssIh-gnbmWv IØp-]m- p-Iƒ.hnc-lhpw hn{]-ew- hpw am{X-a-√, hntam-N\ ka-cm-\p- -h-ßfpw bm{X-Ifpw a‰pw{]Xn-]m-Zn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ IØp-]m-´p-I-fp≠v. {]W-bm-`-y¿Y-\, hnhm-l`-y¿Y\F∂nh IØp]m´p-Iƒ°v hnj-b-am-bn-´p-≠v. ]pen-t°m-ń¬ sslZ-dns‚ "adn-b-°p-ń-bpsS IØv' {]kn≤am-Wv. Kƒ^v{]hm-k-Øns‚ Ime-L-´-Øn¬ ae-bm-fn-bpsS lrZ-b-Xm-fsØ kzm-[o-\n® [mcmfw IØp-]m-´p-Ifp≠m-bn-´p-≠v.

Fkv.F. Pao-ens‚ "Zp_m-bv°Øv' DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv.

]S-∏m´vAd_nae-bmfkmln-X-y-Ønse _rl-Ømb Hcp Imh-y-im-J-bmWv ]S-∏m´vAYhm bp≤-Im-h-y-ßƒ. hy-X-ykvX \mSp-I-fn¬, hnhn[ `mj-I-fn¬ CØ-cw]m´p-Ifp≠v. 19˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ C¥-y-bn¬ D≠mb km{am-P-y-Xzhncp≤-amb \nc-h[n t]mcm- -ßƒ°v kmwkvIm-cn-I-amb Du¿Pw \¬Im≥ CØcw ]m´pIƒ°m-bn-´p-≠v. tambn≥IpńsshZycpsS "_Z¿]-S-∏m´v' CXn\v DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv.

]{¥≠v

X\-XnSw 141

eLpIpdn∏v

• XncphmXnc°fn, H∏\, am¿KwIfn F∂nhsb°pdn®v hnhcßƒ tiJcn®vIpdn∏v Xbmdm°n hcm≥ IpńItfmSv ]dbp∂p.

• GXm\pw Nne AhXcWßƒ.

• F√m Iem]mcºcyßfpw F√m tIcfobcptSXpamsW∂v

t_m[ys∏SpØns°m≠v A[ym]nI t{ImUoIcn°p∂p.

]pXpam∏nf∏m´pcN\

• ka-Im-enIhnj-b-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂t√m ]pen-t°m-ń¬ sslZ-dn\v hnj-b-am-b-Xv.hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v Ah-cpsS Ih\ssh`hØn\v Ah-kcw \¬Ip∂ hn[-Øn¬Cu {]h¿Ø-\sØ hnI-kn-∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. cN-\bpw Bem-]-\hpw Hcmƒ°vXs∂ \n¿h-ln°mw. AX-s√-¶n¬ cN-\, kwKoXw, Bem-]\w F∂nh {Kq∏v{]h¿Ø-\-ambn sNømw. CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Hcp {]h¿Ø-\-Øn\v Bh-i-y-ambam¿K-\n¿tZ-ihpw t{]m’m-l-\hpw A[-ym-]-nI \¬I-Ww.

IYIfnaRvPcn˛ tUm. Fkv.sI. \mb¿

IphebhntemNt\ ˛ IemaWvUew tIih≥

IYIfncwKw ˛ sI.]n.Fkv. tat\m≥

BflIYmkmlnXyw aebmfØn¬ ˛tUm. \Sph´w tKm]meIrjvW≥

\mSIZ¿i\w ˛ s{]m^. F.]n.]n. \ºqXncn

aebmf\mSIk¿hkzw ˛ aShq¿ `mkn

]pen-t°m-ń¬ IrXn-Iƒ ˛ ]pen-t°m-ń¬ sslZ¿ ˛FUn-‰¿ tUm. Fw.F≥. Imc-t»cn

am∏n-f-∏m-ńs‚ Ncn{Xk©m-c-ßƒ ˛ hn.Fw. Ipń

Ciep-I-fpsS DZ-ym\w ˛ tUm. Da¿ Xd-ta¬

am∏nfkmln-X-y-]-T-\-ßƒ ˛ _me-Ir-jvW≥ h≈n-°p-∂v

klm -b -I - {K -Ÿ -ßƒ

ebmfw

142 So®¿ sSIvÃv

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temIPo-hn-X-Øns‚ kuμ-cym-fl-I-amb {]-Xn-^-e-\-amWvHmtcm Ime-L- -Øn-sebpw kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-Iƒ. A\p- -hhpwBJym-\hpw ka-\z-bn-∏n-°p∂ qan-I-bm-hp∂p AXv. kmln-Xy-]mTw kq£vam-\p-`-h-ß-fpsS Bg-ß-fn-te°v A\p-hm-N-Is‚ {i≤-£-Wn-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w t\¿°m-gvN-bpsS CS-s]-Sepw km[yam°p∂p. "Z¿∏Ww' F∂ bqWn-‰n-eqsS ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp∂ cN-\-I-fpsS `mh˛cq]˛A-]-{KY\-Øn-eqsS hn\n-abw sNtø-≠Xv kaq-l-t_m-[-\n¿Ωn-Xn-bpsS kmwkvIm-cnI]cn-k-c-hpw Bhn-jvIm-c-Ønse hyXy-kvX-am-Xr-I-I-fpsSkzIob cq]-hp-am-Wv. a\p-jy-s‚ Im]-Sy-ßsf lmky-Øns‚hI-t`-Z-ß-fn-eqsS s]mfn-s®-gp-Xp∂p Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°-cpsS"tamjWw' F∂ cN-\. ae-bm-f-I-hn-Xsb cwK-{]-tbm-K-am-°nb al-Ømb ]mc-º-cy-Øn\v \nZ¿i-\-amWv Ip©≥\-ºym-cpsS Ihn-X-Iƒ. kmaq-lnIhn-a¿i-\-Øns‚ ap{Z-Iƒ]Xn™ \ºym¿°-hn-X-bn¬ \n∂p≈ Hcp `mK-amWv"sIm≈n-hm-°-√m-sXm∂pw' F∂ cN-\. ]pcm-W-I-Ym-]m-{X-amb ioem-h-Xn-bpsS s]¨]-£ samgn-Iƒ°v Icp-Øp-]-I-cp∂ i‡-amb cN-\-bmWnXv. sân-\nÃv Ah-t_m-[ßƒ°vkam-¥-c-ambn t{Kkn Fgp-Xnb "Kufn-P∑w' F∂ IY BJym-\-Ønepw \nco-£-W-Ønepw ]pe¿Øp∂ ]pXpa Xncn-®-dn-tb-≠-Xp-≠v. \ºymcpw Aø-∏∏-Wn-°cpw Xß-fpsS cN-\-bn-eqsS \n¿h-ln® lmky-Øns‚ km[y-X-Iƒ hyXy-kvX-amb coXn-bn¬ "Kufn-P∑w' F∂ IY-bn¬ t{Kkn Bhn-jvIcn-°p∂p.

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• Imhmew \mcm-bW∏Wn-°-cpsS \mS-I-k-¶-ev]w ]cn-N-b-s∏-´-t√m. \mSI{]h¿Ø\w t]mse Xs∂ tIc-fob Imhym-kzm-Z-Isc HcpImeØv hf-sc-b-[nIw kzm[o-\n® sNm¬°mgvN F∂ Ihn-Xm-h-X-cWcoXnbpw \mcm-b-W-∏-Wn-°sct∏mep-≈-h-cpsS Im¿an-I-Xz-Øn¬ \S-∂-Xm-Wv. Imhmew \mcm-bW∏Wn-°¿, Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, IS-Ω-\n-´, sRc-fØv cma-s∏m-Xp-hmƒ, kpcm-kp, Ac-hn-μ≥, s\Sp-ap-Sn-th-Wp, cXv apc-fn, Imhmew {ioIp-am¿ XpS-ßn-b-h¿Ihn-X-bpsS Cu cwKm-hn-jvIm-c-Øn\v cq]hpw `mhhpw \¬In-b-h-cm-Wv.

• s\Sp-ap-Sn-th-Wphpw Imhmew {ioIp-amdpw tN¿∂-h-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ "tamjWw' F∂Ihn-X-bpsS sNm¬°mgvN {]Z¿in-∏n-°mw. "I≈≥' F∂ t]cn¬ CXv bqSq-_nep≠v. sNm¬°m-gvN-bpsS Bkzm-Z-\-Øn-\p-tijw Ipń-I-tfmSv tamjWwF∂ Ihn-X-bpsS ]mcm-bWw \n¿h-ln-°m-\m-h-iy-s∏-Smw.

• hmb\-bn-eqsSbpw cwKm-hn-jvIm-c-Øn-eq-sSbpw e`y-amb Bkzm-Z-\Øns‚kz`mhw Xmc-X-ay-w sNøp-I. s]mXpN¿®.

ap´ v \ºq-Xncn ˛ IYm-kw-{KlwhnI-S-k-c-kzXn \mhn¬ IpSn-sIm-≈p-∂-bm-fmWv ap´ v \ºqXncn. hS-°p≈ Hcp

t£{X-Øn¬ £oWn-®-h-i-\mbn FØn-t®¿∂ \ºq-Xncn t£{X-Ønse hgn-

]m-Smb ]m¬∏m-bkw IpSn®v £oWw Xo¿°m-sa∂v Icp-Xn. Aºe-Ønse Ig-

I-°m-cn¬ \n∂p t£{Xw Ducm-f-\mb \ºo-i≥ sNøp∂ AXym-Nm-c-ß-sf-°p-

dn-®-dn™ \ºq-Xncn \ºo-is‚ \n¿tZi-{]-Imcw t£{X-Ønse ]m¬∏m-bkw

apgp-h≥ At±-l-Øns‚ C√-tØ°v sIm≠pt]mIm-dmWv ]Xn-sh∂pw a‰m¿°pw

AXn¬ A¬∏w t]mepw e`n-°p-∂n-s√∂pw a\ n-em-°n. hnI-S-k-c-kzXn \mhn-

ep-W¿∂ ap´ v t£{Xw ]qPm-cnsb kao-]n®v Xt∂mSv ]m¬∏m-bkw Ign-t®m-

fm≥ \ºo-i≥ ]d-™n- p-s≠∂pw AXn-\m¬ ]m¬∏mbkw \¬I-W-sa∂pw Bh-

iy-s∏-´p. ]qPmcn bmsXm∂pw kwi-bn-°msX AX-\p-k-cn-®p. ka-b-am-bn´pw

t£{X-Øn¬ \n∂pw ]m¬∏m-bkw FØm-Ø-Xn¬ £p`n-X-\mb \ºo-i≥

t£{X-ØnseØnbt∏mƒ I≠Xv ]m-bkw ckn®v Ign-°p∂ ap´ v \ºq-Xn-cn-

sb-bm-Wv. Bcp-]-d-™n-´mWv Cbmƒ°v ]m¬]m-bkw sImSp-Ø-sX∂v ]qPm-cn-

tbmSv \ºo-i≥ Ib¿Ø-t∏mƒ At±lw kw -hn-®-X-dn-bn-®p. tIm]n-jvT-\mb \ºo-

i≥ ap´- ns‚ ASp-sØ-Øn-sb-¶nepw ]c-a-im-¥-\mbn ap´ v ]mbkw IpSn®p

sIm≠n-cp-∂p. HSp-hn¬ apgp-h-\mbn Ign® tijw \ºo-i-t\mSv ap´ v Imcy-a-t\z-

jn-®p. \ºo-i≥ {_mlvaW-\mb At±lw Xm≥ ]d-s™∂v ]d™p ]mbkw

hmßn-b-Xns\ A[n-t£-]n-®p. DSs\ H∂padn-bm-Ø-a-ń¬ ap´ v \ºq-Xncn

At±lw Bcm-sW-∂-t\z-jn-®p. Xm\mWv t£{Xw Ducm-bva-bmb \ºo-i≥ F∂p-

]-d-™-Xn\v Xm≥ If-hp-]-d-™n-ń-s√∂v ap´ v hy‡-am-°n. sshZy-in-tcm-a-Wn-

bmb \ºo-i≥ ]m¬∏m-bkw AXyp-Ø-a-am-sW∂v ]d-™n-´p-s≠-∂mWv Xm≥

]d-™-sX∂pw A√msX GsX-¶nepw A¬∏-\mb \ºo-is‚ hm°p-tI v ]mbkw

IpSn-°m≥ Xs∂ Inń-s√∂pw ]d™v \S-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

˛sFXn-ly-am-e˛ sIm´m-c-Øn¬ i¶pÆn

]{¥≠v

Z¿∏Ww 149

N¿®mkqN-\I-ƒ

♦ cwK-{]-tbm-K-km-[y-X-Iƒ♦ Xmf-Øns‚ khn-ti-jX, AXv Ihn-Xm-kzm-Z-\-Øn\v F{]-Imcw

klm-bn-°p-∂p.♦ cwKk÷o-I-cW km[y-X-Iƒ?

t{ImUo-I-c-Ww

ico-c-`m-j-bpsS hn\n-a-bw, A`n-\-b-km-[y-X-Iƒ, \mS-Io-b-X, D®m-c-W-Ønse h{Io-I-c-Ww.

[z\ym-fl-I-X-sb-°mƒ Zriym-fl-I-Xbv°v {]m[m\yw.

KW-]XnØmf-Øns‚ hn\n-tbmKw (aƒó-ao-Unb km[yX D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.)

Ihn-Xm-\p-`-h-Øn\v A\p-]q-c-I-amb CX-c-km-[y-X-Iƒ.

X∂n-cn-°p∂ sNm¬°m-gvN-bn¬ cwK-k-÷o-I-cW km[yXth≠{X D]-tbm-Kn-®n-s√-¶nepw D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ km[y-X-bp≈H∂mWv sNm¬°m-gvN.

• Cu Ihn-Xbv°v kmaq-lnI-{]-k-‡n-bpt≠m? CXv Db¿Øp∂ Nn¥-I-tfh?

• hy‡n-K-X-ambn Bi-b-ßƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p. aqt∂m \mtemAh-X-c-W-ßƒ°v Ah-kcw \¬Ip-I.

t{ImUo-I-c-Ww:

Blmcw t]mep≈ ASn-ÿm-\m-h-iy-ßƒ e`n-°msX hcp-∂ Nnekμ¿`-ß-fn¬ Nne¿ tamjv-Sm-°fmbn amdn-t∏m-Ip-∂p.]mh-ßƒ F∂ t\mh-ense Po≥hm¬Po≥, Bicycle thieves se(ssk°nƒ tamjvSm-°fnse) dn®n.

I≈\pw Nne \ymbo-I-c-W-ß-fp-≠v.

AcpIp-Po-hn-X-ßsf A\p-`m-h-]q¿hw ]cn-K-Wn-°-Ww.

\n m-c -Ip-‰-ßƒ s]cp-∏n®v ImWn-°p-Ibpw henb Ip‰-ßƒImWmsX t]mIp-Ibpw sNøp∂ kaq-l-Øns‚ ImgvN-∏m-Sv.

sX‰ns\ \ymbo-I-cn-°p∂ a\p-jy-kz-`m-hw.

`mjm-{]-tbm-K-Øn-eqsS A¿YsØ \yq\o-I-cn-s®-Sp-°p∂ kz`mhw(Kp≠m-bnkw F∂-Xn\v ]Icw kZm-Nm-c-t∏m-eokv, Agn-aXn F∂-Xn\v ]Icw {Ia-t°Sv, I≈≥ F∂-Xn\v ]Icw "shdp-samcptamjvSmhv' XpS-ßn-b-h).

Ihn-Xsb ]cn-N-b-s∏-SpØn sImSp-Ø- hni-Zo-I-cWw t{ImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ømw.

tamj-WsØ \ncp-’m-l-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ Xs∂ tamjvSm-°sfkrjvSn-°p∂ kmaq-lnI]cn-k-chpw A]-{K-Yn-°-Ww.

ebmfw

150 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

Hcp apJ-hp-c-t]mepw th≠m-Ø-hn[w ]cn-Nn-X-\m-WvIp©≥\ºym¿. Cu ]mT- mKw \ºym¿ Ihn-X-I-fpsS Hcp]p\¿hm-b-\bv°v Ah-kcw \¬Ip∂ H∂m-Wv. ]Xnhvlmky-co-Xn-Iƒ \ne-\n¿Øp-tºmƒXs∂ kv{XoPo-hn-X-Øns‚ lXmihpw \n -lm-b-hp-amb hiw-IqSn ChnsSA\m-h-cWw sNø-s∏-Sp-∂p. cq£-amb Bt£-]-lm-ky-sØ-°p-dn®v ]d-bp-tºmgpw \ºym-cpsS P\-Io-bX F√m\ncq-]-Icpw AwKo-Icn®n´p-≠v. "Xmgv∂ Xń¬ h¿Øn-®n-cp∂ ]d-b-cpsSbpw ]pe-b-cp-sSbpw thjhpw Na-bhpwhrØ-co-Xnbpw Hc-f-thmfw hmMva-bhpw D∂X t{iWn-bn-ep-≈-h¿°v \ºym¿ kzoIm-cy-am-°p-Ibpw AtXm-sSm∏w kh¿W-cpsS IqØv, IqSn-bm´w F∂n-h-bpsSkmlnXycq]-amb aWn-{]-hmfw, Nºp F∂n-h-bpsS A¥- -Ø- P-\-Io-b-I-e-bmb Xp≈-en-te°v Bhm-ln-°p-IbpwsNbvXp' F∂v Fw. eo-em-hXn (Ihn-Xm-c-Xn) A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp∂p. NmIym-cpsS ]cn-lm-k-Øn¬ \n∂v \ºym-cpsSlmkysØ hyXy-kvX-am-°p-∂- L-SIw Cu P\-Io-b-X-bm-Wv.

"]m°\m-cpsS hwi-te-i-a-Xn¬ ]nd-∂-h-t\-j- Rm≥'F∂v kzbw hnti-jn-∏n-°m≥ Cu Ihn°v aSn-bn-√.XmgvØ-s∏-´-hs‚ Iebpw Pohn-X-hp-ambn XmZmflyw{]m]n®v \ºym¿ AXn-i-‡-amb kmaq-lnIhn-a¿i-\wAh-X-cn-∏n-®p. NmIymcpw \ºymcpw Bt£-]-lmkywD]-tbm-Kn-®-t∏mƒ NmIym¿ en-X-Øn\pw \ºym¿ kmaq-lnIhn-a¿i-\-Øn\pw ap≥Xq°w \¬In. NmIym¿ Bkzm-Z-\-]-£Øpw \ºym¿ hna¿iI]£-Øp-ambn \ne-sIm-≠p. ]pcmW IYm-]m{Xßsf tIc-fobh¬°-cn®v Xm≥Pohn-°p∂ Ncn -{X-k-μ¿`-Øn-te°v sIm≠p-h∂vhna¿i\w sXmSp-°pI F∂-XmWv Ip©s‚ ssien. Hcpkaq-lsØ a\- n-em-°m\pw AXns‚ D≈ns‚ D≈nseA`n-cp-Nn-Isf Xncn-®-dn-bm\pw k‰-b-dn-s\-t∏mse klm-bn-°p∂ as‰m-∂n-√. bh\Zm¿i-\n-I-\mb tπt‰m {]mNo\{Ko°pPohn-XsØ°pdn-®-dn-bm≥ Acn-tÃm-s^-\n-kns‚"Xh-f-Iƒ' F∂ Bt£-]-lm-ky-\m-SIw hmbn-°m-\mWvD]-tZ-in-®-Xv. BZyw Bfp-Isf Nncn-∏n-°p-Ibpw ]ns∂Nn¥n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I-bmWv Bt£-]-lm-ky-Øns‚coXn. ChnsS H‰-hm-b-\-bn¬ \mw Nncn-°p-tºmgpw ioem-h-Xn-bn-eqsS kv{XoPohn-X-Øns‚ \n -lm-b-amb ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-te°v IS∂p t]mIp-tºmƒ ka-Im-enI kml-N-cy-Ønepw Imcy-ß-tfsd `n∂-a-s√∂v ImWp-∂p.

3.1 sIm≈n-hm-°-√m-sXm∂pw

]mTm]-{K-Y\w

]{¥≠v

Z¿∏Ww 151

tZhIn \ne-b-tßm-Sns‚ "Ime∏I¿®-Iƒ' (amXr-`q-an- _pIvkv˛ 2008) F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ ioem-hXn F∂ `mKw Fß-s\-bmWv A¥¿P-\-ßsf ASn-a-Ø-Øn¬ \ne-\n-¿Øm-\p≈ ]mT-]p-kvXIw t]mse D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØnbXv F∂ kqN-\-bp-≠v. ]pcp-j-ta-[m-hn-Xz-Øn\v apºn¬ ]q¿W-ambpw hg-ßp∂ ]c-º-cm-KXkv{Xo_nw_ amXrI F∂ \ne-bn-emWv ioem-h-Xnsb Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-´p-≈Xv. Ac-\q-‰m≠v apºp-h-sc-bp≈ \ºq-Xncnkv{XoI-fpsSPohn-X-Øns‚ tcJm-Nn-{X-amWv tZhIn \ne-b-tßm-Sns‚ ta¬∏-d™ {KŸw.

F∂m¬ \ºym¿ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ ioem-hXn hyh-ÿbv°vhnt[-b-bm-sW-¶nepw apdp-ap-dp-∏n-√msX F√mw kln-°p-∂-h-f-√.Xm\-\p-`-hn-°p∂ ]cn-lm-khpw ]oU-\hpw Bfl-ssi-Yn-eyhpwFs¥∂v Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-hƒ Xs∂-bm-Wv.

"sIm√p-∂-Xn-t\-°mfpw iey-am-bn-´p-s≈mcpsIm≈n-hm-°-√msX sNm√p-In-√-t±lw'

IpSpw-_m-¥-co-£-Øn¬ imco-cnI ]oU-\-tØ-°mƒ cq£-amWvam\-knI]oU\w F∂v Cu hcn-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂p. Cu hcn-Iƒ \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ Ign-™n´pw ka-Im-enI{]k-‡n-bpsS Xnf-°-tØmsS\ne\n¬°p∂Xv ImWmw. `mjbpw `mhhpw Imem-Xn-h¿Øn-bm-Ip∂ Imhy-in-ev]-Nm-cpX IqSn Chn-sSbp≠v.

P\n-®-Xn¬ ]ns∂ Ip‰-ßfpw Ipd-hp-Ifpa√msX Xs∂∏‰n ]d-bm-\n√ F∂ kv{XoPohn-X-Øns‚ inYn-e-amb Bfl-t_m[w\ºym¿ ]d-™p-h-®-Xp-Xs∂ ]n∂oSv am[-hn-°p- n-bpsS IY-I-fnepwa‰v B[p-\nI Fgp-Øp-Im-cn-I-fnepw {][m\ {]ta-b-ambn amdp-∂Xv\nco-£-Wm¿l-am-Wv. \nXy-Po-hnXØns‚ `mcw apgp-h-t\-¬°p-Ibpw bmNn-®p- sIm≠p-h∂ Acn-sIm≠v `£-W-ap-≠m-°n-s°m-Sp-°pIbpw sNbvXn- pw \√-hm°v In´p-∂n√ F∂-Xp-t]m-Is´ {Iqc-amb hm°p-I-tf‰p hmtß≠n hcp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p F∂v hne-]n-°p∂ ioem-hXn t\c-tØ-]-d™ kv{Xo_nw_-am-Xr-Ibv°vtN¿∂-h-f-√. Xs‚ \ncm-ibpw {]Xn-tj-[hpw Hs° ap∂n¬h-®p-sIm-≠m-Wn-hnsS ioem-hXn \n¬°p-∂-Xv. F∂n- mWv Xs‚ PmX-I-tZmjw sIm≠pam-{X-amWv Xm\n-ßs\ ap\n-t{i-jvT-\mb ¿Øm-hn¬\n∂v Ip‰-ta‰v \in-t°-≠n-h-cp-∂-sX∂v kzbw kam-[m-\n-°p-∂-Xv. B PmX-I-tZmjw kv{XoP∑-Øns‚ kmam\yhn[n-bmWvF∂v Xpd-∂p]-d-bm-\p≈ Ahn-\bw Ahƒ°n-√. kmaq-lnI-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ ]mZ-Psc ImWp-Ibpw Ahsc Dƒs°m-≈p-IbpwsNbvX Ihn Xcp-Wn-Isf am\-hn-I-kz-Xz-Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ImWm≥ {ian-°pI kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv.

]mT-Øn-te°v

sNm¬°mgvN-bpsS kz`mhw a\- n-em°n Ign-™n´p-≠-t√m. Ihn-X-bpsS cwK{]tbm-K-km-[y-X-Iƒ sNm¬°mgvN {]tbmP-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. Acßpw kmln-Xy-hp-am-bp≈ _‘w B´-°-Ybpw IY-I-fnbpw t]mse ae-bm-f-km-ln-Xy-Ønse hen-sbmcp `mKsØhf¿Øn-bn-´p-≠v. (kam-\-amb kmln-Xy-cq-]-ßƒ, Xp≈¬ IrXn-Iƒ, ]mTIw F∂ cwK-I-e-bv°p-th-≠n-bp≈ Nºp-°ƒ, Xncp-

ebmfw

152 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ


• temI- h-\n-Xm-Zn\w (am¿®v 8) t]me-p≈ Zn\m-N-c-W-ß-fpsS {]m[m\ysØ°p-dn®v Hcp s]mXp-N¿® \S-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

CØcw Zn\m-N-c-W-ßƒ {]tXyI ]cn-K-W\ A¿ln-°p∂ hn`mK-Øns‚ {]iv\-ßfpw ]cn-an-Xn-Ifpw temI-Øns‚ {i≤bnte°v sIm≠p-h-cm≥ klm-bn-°p∂pF∂ {]kvXm-h-\bv°v tijw kv{XoIƒ Hcp kaqlw F∂ \ne-bn¬ t\cn-Sp∂ {]iv\ßsf°p-dn®v Hcp s]mXp-N¿® \S-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

• \mtem At©m t]¿°v A`n-{]m-b-{]-I-S-\-Øn\v Ah-kcw \¬Imw.

♦ IY kqNn-∏n-°mw.♦ kaq-l-Øn¬ t\cn-Sp∂ hnth-N\w ˛ ka-Im-enI kw`-h-ßƒ, hm¿Ø-

Iƒ XpSßnbh D]-tbm-Kn-°mw.♦ kv{Xo]-Zhn kn\n-a, ]c-kyw, Sn.hn. ]c-ºc XpS-ßn-bhbnem-hnjvIcn-

°-s∏-Sp∂ kv{Xokz-Xzw.♦ CS-t»-cn-bpsS hnhmlkΩm-\w, XØz-im-kv{Xßfp-d-ßp-tºmƒ F∂o

Ihn-X-I-fnse Bi-bw.♦ "sIm≈n-hm-°-√m-sXm∂pw' F∂ Ihn-Xm- m-KØv ioem-hXn hnh-cn-°p∂

Ah-ÿ.♦ A[ym-]n-Ibv°v ]mTm-]-{K-Y-\hpw {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

• ¢mkns\ \mtem At©m {Kq∏p-I-fm°p-Ibpw t{ImUo-I-c-W-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ t\ctØ Is≠-Ønb Imcy-ßfpw tN¿Øv Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°p-IbpwCXv temI- h-\n-Xm-Zn-\-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-\p≈ {]`m-j-W-cq-]-Øn-te°v am‰p-Ibpw sNøp-I.

hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ Ipdn∏v

• ""Zo]-kvXw`w alm-›cyw

\ap°pw In´Ww ]Ww''

\ºymcpsS Cu hcn-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n®v kμ¿`w shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xn-\vtijwhcn-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-sb-°p-dn®v s]mXp-N¿®-bn-eqsS A`n-{]mbw kam-l-cn-°p-∂p. aqt∂m \mtem t]cpsS A`n-{]m-b-{]-I-S-\-Øn\v Ah-kcw \¬Ip-I.

Ihn cmPm-[n-Im-csØ Xs‚ khn-ti-j-amb ]Zhn D]-tbm-Kn®v(Ihn F∂ ]Z-hn) hna¿in-°p-∂p.

hna¿i-\-Øns‚ Bbp[w lmky-am-Wv. Bt£-]-lmkyw F∂ Imhym-hn-jvIm-c-X-{¥w.

hm-Xn-c-∏m- p-Iƒ, am∏n-f-∏m- p-Iƒ, G‰hpw ]pXn-b-Xmbn kn\n-am-Km-\-km-lnXywhsc hnI-kn-®n-´p-≠v. DÆm-bn-hm-cysc t]mep≈ {]Xn-`m-im-en-Iƒ CØcwkmln-XysØ Ac-ßns\bpw Ihn-™p hf¿Øn-bXv \ap°v ImWmw. CtX]cn-K-W\ \f-N-cn-X-tØm-sSm∏w Xp≈¬Ir-Xn-Iƒ°pw e`n-®-n´p≠v. Ac-ßns‚NSp-e-kw-th-Z-\-Xzhpw kmln-XyØns‚ Imem-Xn-h¿Øn-Xzhpw Ch-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv. A[ym-]nI Bap-J-ambn ]d-™v Imhy-`mKw hmbn-°m≥ Ipń-I-tfmSv ]dbp-∂p.

]{¥≠v

Z¿∏Ww 153

Bt£-]-lmkyw F¥v F∂Xn\p t_mIvkn¬ sImSpØ Imcy-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°mw.

]mT- m-K-Øp≈ "Ipd-h-√msX \ap-s°mcp hkvXp ]d-hm-\n√ P\nt®]ns∂' F∂ `mKØpw Bt£-]-lmkyw Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°mw.(ChnsS Imhy-k-μ¿`-tØmSp tN¿t∂ Bt£-]-lmkyw D≠m-hp-∂p-≈q. kμ¿`Øn¬ \n∂-S¿Øn-am-‰n-bm¬ ta¬∏-d™ hcn-I-fpsSBt£-]-lm-ky-`mhw C√m-XmIpw F∂v ImWmw).

lmk-km-lnXyw

G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-bn-´p≈ kz`mhkhn-ti-jXbmWv Nncn. CXcPohn-I-fn¬ \n∂v a\p-jys\ hyXy-kvX-\m-°p∂ Hcp khn-ti-jX Nncn-°m-\p≈Ign-hm-Wv. Fs¥m-s°-bmWv \sΩ Nncn-∏n-°p∂ LS-I-ßƒ F∂ At\z-jWwF°m-eØpw a\p-jy¿ \S-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.hnIr-X-amb A\p-I-cWw lmky-ap-≠m-°p∂p ˛ Acn-tÃm-ń¬hnIr-X-amb thjhpw Ae-¶m-chpw a‰pw lmky-Im-c-W-am-Ip∂p ˛ `c-X-ap\nsshIr-X-Øn¬\n∂v lmkyw DZv`-hn-°p∂p F∂ ImgvN-∏m-Sn-t\mSv tN¿∂p\n¬°p-∂-XmWv ta¬∏-d™ A`n-{]m-b-ßƒ. F∂m¬ s]mcp-Ø-t°-Sn-emWvlmkyw F∂ A`n-{]m-b-Øn\pw kmln-Xy-]-WvUn-X≥am-¿ {]m[m\yw sImSp-Øn-´p-≠v. H∂ns\ as‰m-∂p-amtbm H∂ns‚ c≠-h-ÿ-Iƒ XΩntem Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ D≠m-Ip∂ s]mcp-Ø-t°Sv lmky-ap-≠m-°p-∂p. Kuc-h-amb Ah-ÿ-bpsS ÿm\Øv \n m-c-amb Ahÿ h∂p-tN-cp-tºmƒ A\m-h-iy-ambnhcp∂ am\-kn-tIm¿Pw Nncn-bn-eqsS ]pd-Øp-h-cp-∂p F∂v sl¿_¿ v kvs]≥k¿\nco-£n-®n- p-≠v. CXp-Iq-SmsX t{ijvT-Xz-t_m-[w, bm{¥n-IXzw F∂n-hbpw lmky-Im-c-W-ambn Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°s∏ń-´p-≠v.]m›m-Xy¿ lmkysØ hn‰v, lyqa¿, k‰-b¿ F∂n-ßs\ aq∂mbn Xncn-®n-´p-≠v.

hn‰v

{]tbm-K-Ønepw Bkzm-Z-\-Ønepw Iptd-sbms° _p≤n-km-a¿Yyw Bh-iy-amblmky-hn- m-K-amWv hn‰v. km[m-c-W-bmbn tbmPn-∏n-√mØ hkvXp-°ƒ°v XΩn¬A{]-Xo-£n-X-amb kμ¿ -Ønepw coXn-bnepw kmZriyw ImWp-∂Xv hn‰ns‚ e£-W-am-Wv. bp‡n-c-ln-X-sa∂v {]Y-a-Zr-jvSn-bn¬ tXm∂n-∏n-°p∂ hkvXp-X-Isfbp‡n-k-l-sa∂v tXm∂n-∏n-°p∂ hn[-Øn¬ {]tbm-Kn-°pI IqSn-bmWv hn‰v.CXn¬ \mw A\n-b-{¥n-X-ambn Nncn-°p-∂n-√. AhnsS hnt\mZw hfsc kq£vahpwkuμ-cy-t_m-[-tØmSv ASpØ kº¿°-ap-≈-Xp-am-bn-cn-°pw.

lyqa¿

lmky-Øns‚ kap-∂-X-cq-]-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-XmWv lyqa¿. XØz-Nn-¥-tbmSv _‘-s∏- Xpw ZpxJmfl-I-hp-amb Nncn-bm-Wn-Xv. a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn-bnepw Pohn-X-Øn-ep-ap≈ Ak-¥p-en-Xm-h-ÿ-I-sfbpw s]mcp-Ø-t°-Sp-I-sfbpw a\- n-em°nAhsb A\p-I-ºm-]q¿hw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-bmWv lyqa-dnÃv sNøp-∂-Xv. lyqa¿Bkz-Zn-°p-tºmƒ NncnXs∂ D≠m-I-W-sa-∂n-√. AXp-sIm-≠mWv CXns\D¬°rjvSlmky-sa∂v hnfn-°-p-∂-Xv.

ebmfw

154 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

• t{ImUo-I-c-W-Øn-\p-tijw Bt£-]-lmkykz`m-h-Øn-ep≈ \ºym-cpsS hcn-Iƒ

\mtem At©m hyXykvX kμ¿`-Øn-ep-≈Xv Is≠Øn Ah-sb-¥p-sIm≠v

Bt£-]-lm-ky-Øns‚ kz`m-h-ap-≈-XmbnØocp∂p F∂v hni-Z-am-°p-I. ¢mkv

apdn°v ]pdØv \S-tØ≠ {]h¿Ø-\-ambn CXp ]cn-K-Wn-°-Ww. Cu {]h¿Ø\w

t]m¿´vt^mfn-tbm-hn¬ tN¿°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

k‰-b¿

hy‡n-bntem ÿm]-\-Øntem kaq-l-Øntem ImWp∂ Bt£-]m¿l-ß-fmb{]h-W-X-Isf ]cn-lm-k-tØm-Sp-IqSn hna¿in-°p∂ kmln-Xy-cq-]-amWv k‰-b¿.Xncp-Ø¬ F∂ e£yw ap≥\n¿Øn \nin-X-ambn \S-Øp∂ ]cn-lm-k-am-bn-cn°pwCXv. _n.kn. Ggn¬ Pohn-®n-cp∂ B¿°ntem°kv BZysØ {Ko°v k‰-bdnÃm-bn ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. km‰nd F∂ em‰n≥ ]Z-Øn\v hnhn[ `£y-]-Zm¿Yßƒ sIm≠v \nd™ Xmw_mfw F∂m-W¿Yw. lmky-Ir-Xn-Iƒ BXy-¥n-I-ambn Nncn-bp-≠m-°p-Ibpw B Nncnsb ]cn-lmky IYm-]m-{X-Øn-s\-Xnsc i‡-amb Hcm-bp-[-am-°n-Øo¿°p-I-bp-amWv sNøp-∂-Xv. k‰-b-dn\v Cc-bm-Ip∂ hy‡n-s°m∏w Nncn-°m≥ DX-Ip-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°Ww DØa k‰-b-dp-Iƒ.

k‰-b-dp-Isf kz`mhw h®v c≠m-bn-Øn-cn-®n-´p-≠v. {]apJ tdma≥ k‰-b-dn-Ãp-I-fmb tlmdkv (_n.kn. 65-˛68), sUknakv Pq\n-bkv Pqh-\m-enkv (F.Un. 60 -˛130) F∂n-h-cpsS ssien-Isf Bkv]-Z-am°n slmtd-jy≥ k‰-b¿, Pqh-\m-en-b≥ k‰b¿ F∂n-ßs\bmWv B th¿Xn-cnhv. tlmdkv cq£-]-cn-lm-k-an-√m-sX-bmWv Bt£-]-lmkyw \n¿h-ln-®n-cp-∂-Xv. \¿tΩm‡nkºq¿WX AXns‚kz`m-h-am-bn-cp-∂p. \mK-cn-Ihpw kln-jvWp-Xm-]q¿W-hp-amb coXnbm-Wn-Xv. t\c-tºm-°n-\mWv {]m[m-\yw. Pqh-\m-en-b≥ k‰-b-dm-Is´ At±lw Pohn-®n-cp∂ Ime-L-´-tØm-Sp≈ {]Xn-I-c-W-am-Wv. tdma≥ kmaq-ln-I-Po-hnXw \c-Io-b-amb ań¬A[¿Ωk-¶-en-X-am-bn-cp-∂p. tlmd-kns‚ ab-ap≈ Nncn XnI®pw A]-cym-]vX-am-hp-Ibpw cq£-amb Bt£-]-lmkyw CSw-]n-Sn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

k‰-b-dn\v ]mc-Un, _¿e-kvIv, sFd-Wn, ew]q¨, F∏n{Kmw, Imcn-t°-®¿ F∂n-ßs\ th¿Xn-cn-hp-I-fp-≠v. Hcp {KŸ-Im-cs‚ `mhw, ssien, ]Z-{]-tbm-K-co-Xn,kzc-hn-Xm-\w, Bi-b-ßƒ F∂n-hsb tkm]-lmkw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-XmWv ]mc-Un. ]mcm, HmUv F∂o {Ko°p-]-Z-ßƒ°v ]m¿iz-Øn¬ Hcp Km\w F∂m-W¿Yw.Hcp-Xcw afi-\-hn-a¿i\-amb ]mc-Un-bn¬ Jfi-\-hn-a¿i-\w-IqSn {]tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ AsXmcp _¿e-kvImbn `hn-°p-sa∂v tIkcn F. _me-Ir-jvW-]n≈A`n-{]m-b-s∏-ń-´p-≠v.

Imcn-t°-®¿

{]i-kvX-cmb hy‡n-I-sftbm kw`-h-ß-sftbm ]cn-lmkcqt]W Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂p Imcn-t°-®¿. Nn{X-I-e-bn¬ Im¿´q¨sIm≠v Dt±-in-°p-∂Xp Xs∂-bmWvImcn-t°-®¿ hm°p-IƒsIm≠v \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xv.

ew]q¨

lmkyNn{Xo-I-c-Ww. hy‡n-I-sftbm IYm-]m-{X-ß-sftbm lmkym-fl-I-ambn

Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂XmWv ew]q¨.

F∏n{Kmw

\¿tΩm-‡n-IfmWv CXn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

]{¥≠v

Z¿∏Ww 155

D]-\ymkw

• ]mT-`m-KsØ ASn-ÿm-\-am°n \ºym-cpsS Imhy-`m-j-sb-°p-dn®v A]-{K-Yn-°p-I.

• aqt∂m Btdm {Kq∏p-I-fm-°p-∂p. Hmtcm {Kq∏n\pw khn-ti-j-hn-j-b-ambn Xmsg-]-d-bp-∂h \n¬Imw.

♦ Xmfw

♦ ]Z-{]-tbmKw

♦ {]mkw

{Kq∏-h-X-cWw

tIc-fobXmfßfpsS {]tbm-Kw. cwK-Ie F∂ \nebv°v Xmf-Øn-\p≈ khn-tij{]k-‡n, ]S-bWn XpS-ßnb a[y-Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿Iem-cq-]-ß-fpsS kzm[o-\w.

AXn-th-K-Ønep≈ kwth-Z-\Xzw cwK-I-e-bpsS kz`m-h-am-Wv.XnI®pw km[m-c-W-amb mjtb AXn-th-K- A¿Ykw-th-Z-\w D≠m-°q. \m´p-`m-j-bpsS `wKn, ]g-s©m¬ {]tbm-K-ßƒ F∂n-h.

cwKm-hn-jvImc km[y-X-Iƒ°v, \mS-Io-bX \ne-\n¿Øm≥, NSp-eX ssIh-cp-Øm≥ {]mkw {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

• CXp IqSmsX "]m©meo]cn-W-b'-Øn¬ \ºym¿ Xs‚ Imhyk¶ev]w shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xpw D]-tbm-Kn-°mw.

am[pcy-Kp-W-ßfpw A£-c-hy-‡nbpw thWw

km[pXzw ]Z-ßƒ°pw kXXw kw`-hn-t°-Ww

t_m[n-∏n-∏-Xn-\p≈ Ipi-e-Xz-aXpw thWw

t_m[-ap≈h¿°p-≈n¬ _lp-am\w hcp-tØ-Ww

lmky-Øn-s\mcp am¿Kw Nne-Zn-°n-eXpw thWw

{]mk-Øn-s\m-tc-SØpw Ipd-hn-√m-Xn-cn-t°Ww

hmk-\-bvs°m-Ø-Xp-t]mse hN-\-{]-{Iaw thWw

kwk¿K-KpWw sIm≠v kIew kn≤-am-t°-Ww

Cs®m∂ KpW-sa√mw hgn-t]mse hcp-Øn-s°m-˛

≠p-®-Øn¬ {]tbm-Kn-®m¬ ên°pw kwibw th≠m-

sa-®-Øn-semcp IY ]d-hm-\m-{K-l-sa-¶n˛

en—bv°p tN¿∂ t]mse Xmfhpw tafhpw thWw

IY-bn¬ kwKXn tN¿Øp IYn-°p-tºm-f-Xn¬°qSn

IYn-t°-≠n-hcpw IpØp-I-hn-Ifpw Nne-Zn-°n¬

˛ ]m©meo]-cn-Wbw (\ºym¿)

• {Kq∏v N¿®-bn¬ Dcp-Øn-cn™ Imcy-ßƒ Ipń-Isfs°m≠v Ah-X-cn-∏n°pI.

• aq∂p -{Kq-∏p-Ifpw Ah-X-cn-∏n® Imcy-ßƒ ka-\z-bn-∏n®v hy‡n-K-X-ambn D]-\ymkw Xbm-dm°mw.

ebmfw

156 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

A]-{K-Y\°p-dn∏v

• ae-bm-f-Ønse {][m-\ -lm-ky-\-S-∑m-cpsS lmky-Øn\v Du∂¬ sImSp-°p∂Zriy-`m-K-ßƒ ImWn-°p-I. XpS¿∂v Nm¿fn Nm-πns‚ GsX-¶nepw kn\n-am-`mKw ImWn-°p-I. t\c-tØ-Im-Wn® `mK-ß-fn¬ \S∑m¿ lmtkym-¬∏m-Z\Øn\mbn kzoI-cn® D]m-[n-I-sf-°p-dn®pw Ah \sΩ kzm[o-\n-°p∂ hn[-sØ-°p-dn®pw Ipń-Iƒ°v A`n-{]m-b-{]-I-S-\-Øn\v Ah-kcw \¬Ip-I.

♦ Hmtcm \S\pw hyXy-kvX-amb X{¥-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. AXv `mj-bm-hmw, Ne\amhmw, at\m-[¿Ω-amhmw, ico-c-am-Imw.

♦ Nne lmky-ßƒ shdpw Nncn DW¿Øn- am-™p-t]m-Ip-∂p. NneXv a\- n-te°v B™p-I-b-dp-∂p.

t{ImUo-I-cWw

A`n-\-b-Ønepw kmln-Xy-Ønepw lmky-Øn\v ]e D]m-[n-IƒkzoI-cn-°m≥ Ign-bpw. A[ym-]nI hyXykvX lmky-km-ln-Xy-Im-c-∑m-cpsS IrXn-Isf ]cn-N-b-s∏-SpØs´.

£WnIlmkyw ]e-t∏mgpw D]-cn-π-h-am-Wv. ]n∂o-SXv \sΩapjn∏nt®-°pw. F∂m¬ NneXv an\p-°pw-tXmdpw Xnf-ßp-tºmseImew Ign-bp-t¥mdpw Xnf-ßn-\n¬°pw. CØcw lmkywBgØnep≈ Nne PohnXka-ky-Isf A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw.

lmkyw cq]-s∏-Sp∂ ]cn-kcw hfsc {][m-\-am-Wv. Nm¿fn- Nm-πns‚Xam-ibv°v c≠mw- tem-I-bp≤w, ap∏-Xp-I-fn¬ temI-a-\p-`-hn®hºn® kmº-ØnØI¿® F∂nhbpambn _‘-ap-≠v.

hn]-co-X-Po-hnXkml-N-cy-ß-tfm-Sp≈ t£m`w lmky-ambn shfn-s∏-Smw. hn]-coX Pohn-X-km-l-Ncyw F∂Xv Zmcn{Zyw am{X-a√, A[n-Im-c-Øn-s‚ Zpcp-]-tbm-Khpw IS-∂p-I-b-‰-hp-am-Imw, aqey-Ø-I¿®-bm-Imw.

• t{ImUo-I-c-W-Øn-\p-tijw "\ne-\n¬]obw' F∂ IYm-`mKw hmbn-°p-∂p.AXn¬ Nncn-bpW¿Øp∂ `mK-ßƒ FSp-Øp-]-d-bm≥ \n¿tZin°mw.

]d-bm-\n-S-bp≈ Imcy-ßƒ

♦ ih-ambnØo¿∂n´pw `£-W-sØ-°p-dn®v ]pe¿Øp∂ BImw£.♦ _‘p-°ƒ tIƒ°mØ Zqc-Øn-se-Øn-bXv ihw Xncn-®-dn-bp∂p F∂-

Xnse s]mcp-Ø-t°-Sv.♦ ho´p-Im¿ tIƒ°msX ih-a-©-sa-Sp-°p-∂-h-tcmSv tNmZn®p F∂-Xn¬

sXfn-bp∂ Ipkr-Xn.♦ `mj hn\y-kn-®-Xns‚ coXn.♦ io¿j-I-Øns‚ ckn-IXzw.

t{ImUo-I-cWw

hn.sI.-F-∂ns‚ IrXn-I-fnse £-W-]-cm-a¿i-ßƒ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

]{¥≠v

Z¿∏Ww 157

hn.sI.F≥. IrXn-I-fnse IYm-]m-{X-ßƒ°v hoc-\m-b-I-]-cn-th-j-tØm-sSm∏w tImam-fn-Om-bbpw D≠v. Cu tImam-fnØw \ΩpsSkaq-l-Øn-t‚-XmWv.

""Nncn-bpsS arZp-cq-]sØbpw tLmc-cq-]-sØbpw D]-I-c-W-ß-fm°ns°m≠v Cu Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ X∂n¬ Ak-¥p-jvSn-\n-d-bv°p∂Cu tImam-fn-bpK-Øn-\-∏p-dtØ°v t]mIm≥ {ian-°p∂p'' F∂vsI.]n. A∏≥ ]d-bp-∂Xv kqNn-∏n-°mw.

]Z-{Iaw Agn®pw apdn®pw cq]w am‰nbpw lmkyw \n¿Ωn-°m-\p≈Akmam-\y-amb Ignhv hn.sI.-F≥. lmky-Øn-\p≠v. DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ hni-Z-am-°mw.

• hn.sI.-F≥. kmln-XysØ°pdn®v t_mIvkn¬ \¬Inb hni-Zo-I-cWw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ømw.

ta¬kq-N-\-I-fn¬\n∂v e`n® hkvXp-X-Isf ASn-ÿm-\-am°n Hcp A]-{K-Y-\-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°pI.

Xm≥ {]tbm-Kn-°p∂ Hmtcm hm°n-s\bpw Hcp {]l-k\ ]pkvX-I-am-

°p∂ hn.sI.-F≥. t\mh-enÃv F∂ \ne-bn¬ D∂-X-⁄m-\n-bmb \nco-

£-I\pw Bkpc{]Ir-Xn-bp≈ tImam-fn-bp-am-Wv.... ka-Im-enI Pohn-X-

Øn-s‚bpw s]mXp-hmb a\p-jy-Po-hn-XØns‚bpw ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb

A¿Y-ssh-]-coXyw {]I-Sn-∏n-°m≥ Xs‚ Ie-bn¬ DS-\ofw hn]-co-Xm¿Y-

ß-fpsS D®m-hÿ hn.sI.-F≥. \ne-\n¿Øp-∂p.... ChnsS lmkyw D]-cn-

π-h-am-sbmcp hnt\m-Z-`m-h-a-√. Cu lmky-`m-h-\-bpsS thcp-Iƒ Xo£v-

W-amb t{Im[-Ønepw hyY-bn-ep-amWv hym]n®p \n¬°p-∂-Xv..... kmln-

Xy-`m-j-bp-sSbpw {]kw-K-ssi-en-bp-sSbpw ]{X-`m-j-bp-sSbpw ]g-s©m-

√p-I-fp-sSbpw tImam-fn-cq-]-ßƒ `mj-bpsS \n¿±njvS Nn´-Iƒ A\p-k-cn-

°msX hn.sI.-F≥. Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xp ImWmw. AXp XnI™

lmkysØ krjvSn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Aßs\ shdpw `mjm-kr-jvSn-

Xs∂ ChnsS lmky-ambnØocp-∂p. Nne DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ t\m°p-I :

IeymWn ]e-tcmSpw If-hm-Wn- ]-d™p \S-∂p (a®m-ń-f-b-Xns‚ Xncp-

hm-Xn-c-∏m´v ên-X-Øn-\p-th≠n DNn-X-ambn {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂p). B\-μ-e-

_v[n-°n\n H∂pw th≠n-bn-cp-∂n√ (h≈-tØmƒ), sas√-Øn-∂m¬ iI-

Shpw Xn∂mw (]g-s©m¬), ]m{Xm-ibkw_-‘-amb tcmKw (aq{Xm-ib

kw_-‘-tcm-K-Øn\v ]mc-Un), in]m-bn- _-lp-am\kqN-I-ambn Xe-Ip-

Øn-\n∂p. (XnI™ {`m¥v ]q¿Wbp‡n-bm¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p), IpS-

sIm-≠p-h-∂n-ń-√, AXp-sIm≠v shbn¬ H∂p-IqSn aqØ-tijw Cdßmw

(bp‡nsbbpw bmYm¿Yy-sØbpw hncp-≤-i-‡n-I-fm-°n Bi-b-°p-g-∏-

Øn-eqsS Nncn D≠m-°p-∂p).... {]tbm-K-ßsf Xe-Io-gmbn ]nSn®pw km[m-

cW k¶ev]-Øn¬ Hcp adp-bp‡n Ie¿Ønbpw A¿Yssh]-co-Xy-ßfpw

sshcp-[ym- m-k-ßfpw \nc-¥cw Ah-X-cn-∏n®pw hn.sI.-F≥. krjvSn-°p∂

tImam-fn-cq-]-ßƒ \nd™ mj-bmWv At±lØns‚ lmky- m-h-\-bpsS

G‰hpw sXfn™ apJ-ap-{Z.

(sI.]n.- A-∏≥ ˛ tImam-fn-bp-K-Ønse ]pcp-j-tKm-]p-c-ßƒ)

ebmfw

158 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

_p≤n-bpsS kn≤-cq-]-amb ]ø≥ ùXnIPohn-X-Øns‚ Xn‡-X-I-fn-

te°pw Ah- kr-jvSn-°p∂ auVy-Øn-te°pw IS-∂n-cn-°p∂Xv Hcp Xc-

Øn¬ Xs‚ _p≤nsb aμo-`-hn-∏n®psIm≠m-Wv. AanX`£-Whpw AXn-

kw-Khpw hgn-bmWv Ah≥ AXp- km-[n-°p-∂-Xv. AhnsS _p≤n-am-μyw-

hc-e-_v[n-bm-Ip-∂p. `£-Whpw cXnbpw AXn-te-°p≈ hnip-≤-am¿K-

ßfpw. Xo≥ta-i- \n-d-bp∂ Xo‰-hn-`-h-ßfpw a©¬ Ihn-bp∂ kv{Xocq-]-

ß-fp-amWv _mly-tem-I-Øn¬ Ahs\ FXn-tc-¬°p-∂-Xv.

sI.hn.- k-\¬Ipam¿ ˛ Bk-‡n-bpsS cq]-I-ßƒ ]ø≥I-Y-I-fn¬

3.2 Kufn-P∑w

kv{Xoa\- ns‚ `q]-S-ßsf AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ bXv\n-°p∂ IY-IƒF∂v sI.kn.- \m-cm-b-W≥ "{`m¥≥ ]q°-fp'sS Ah-Xm-cn-I-bn¬ t{Kkn-bpsS IY-Isf°pdn®v hne-bn-cp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. t{Kkn-bpsS IY-Iƒ s]sÆ-gp-Ønse Ime-kq-N-I-ß-fmWv F∂v Fkv.- im-c-Z-°pń "]pXnb IY-bnses]¨hn\n-a-b-ßƒ' F∂ teJ-\-Øn¬ Nq≠n-°m-´p-∂p.

Btcm-Ky-Øn\v lm\n-Icw F∂ ap∂-dn-bn∏v No¥n-sb-dn™v ZmºXyw ioen-°m≥ XpS-ßn-bn´v Ipd®v Znh-k-ßƒ am{X-amb KufnZº-Xn-I-fpsS ImgvN-I-fn-eq-sSbpw ]cn-Wm-a-Øn-eq-sSbpamWv "KufnP∑w' hnI-kn-°p-∂Xv. Kufn-]£Øp\n∂p IY]d-bp-tºmƒ km[m-cW Pohn-XsØ Hcp ssl˛-Bw-Knƒ tjmń-eqsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ IYm-Im-cn°p km[n-°p∂p-≠v. ZmºXywBtcm-Ky-Øn\v lm\n-Icw F∂ ]mcUn {it≤-b-am-Wv. ap∂-dn-bn∏v ap∂n-ep≈XpsIm≠v Hcp IpSn-b\pw IpSn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂n-√. Hcp hen-b-\pw ]n¥n-cn-™n-´p-an-√. Pohn-X-Øn¬ A\p-`-hn-t°≠ Zpcn-X-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw Xs‚t\tc IÆ-S-bv°p-∂- am-\-hnI [m¿an-IXIsf-°p-dn®pw Adn-bm-™√ kv{XoPohnXw bmYm-ÿn-Xn-I-X-bpsS Be-bn¬ Ibdn°nS-°p-∂-sX∂ kXywshfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-XmWo {]tbm-Kw. t`mK-Xr-jvW-bpsS shfn®hnkv-a-b-ß-fn¬ \n∂v bmYm¿Yy-t_m-[-Øns‚ hnf-dnb ]I¬shfn-®-Øn-te°vsImgn™phogp-tºmƒ ImWp∂ ImgvN-Isf∏‰n-bp≈ B¨Ku-fn-bpsSAXn-ssh-Im-cn-Iamb hymJym-\-]-cX s]¨Ku-fn-°n-√. Ahƒ B ImgvN-sb, AXns‚ A\n-hm-cy-amb ]cn-Wm-asØ s]Ïpń Fßs\ AXn-Po-hn°pw F∂-dn-bm-\p≈ BImw-£-bn-em-Wv. B¨Ku-fn-bm-Is´, Iäp-

]mTm]-{K-Y\w

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Z¿∏Ww 159

∂n-ep≈ PohnXZpc-¥-Nn-{XsØ amdn-\n∂v Zm¿i-\n-I-ambn hymJym-\n-°m≥ {ian-°p∂p. Pohn-X-Øns‚ I\-en¬ InS∂p ]nS-bp∂-h-\-√,kpc£n-X-ambn AXp -Im-Wm≥ Ign-bp-∂-h-\mWv Zm¿i-\n-I-bp‡n {]tbm-Kn-°pI F∂-sXmcp bmYm¿Yy-am-Wv. Fs‚ Ip™ns\ sIm∂pIf-bptamF∂mWv Bk-∂-a-c-W-\mb `¿Øm-hns‚ tNmZyw. AXn-\p≈ adp-]SnNnX-dn-sØ-dn® IÆo-cpw. Ip™v Ft‚-Xm-Wv, Fs‚ hwim-h-en-bpsSXpS¿®-bmWv F∂ {]uVn-bp≠v Ahn-sS. Ahƒ tIhew hmS-I-k-{Xw.DSaÿ\n-√m-Xm-bm¬ kq£n-°m-t\¬]n® apX¬ F¥p-sNøpw F∂mWvtNmZyw. ChnsS kv{XoPohn-X-Øns‚ I¿XrXz`mhw ]q¿W-ambpw\jvSs∏Sp-∂Xv s]¨Kufn ]nSn-s®-Sp-°p∂XpsIm-≠m-Wv.

Ip™p-ßƒ°v P∑w \¬Im≥ Ign-bp∂ hmS-I-k-{X-am-Im≥ GXv s]ï-co-c-Øn\pw Ignbpw F∂mWv HSp-hn¬ Ahƒ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. \mcn°v \b\wam{X-a√, t{im{Xhpw kq£va-am-sW∂v t{Kkn Icp-Xp-∂p.

Hm¿ΩIƒ BcpsS IpØ-I-bm-sW∂v Cu IY ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂p. F√m-P-∑hpw Hcp-t]m-se-bm-hp-tºmƒ Hm¿a-Iƒ \c-®p-t]m-Ip-∂p. AXns‚{]k‡n C√m-Xm-Ip-∂p. B¨Kufn F√mw Hm¿Øphbv°p-∂p. ImcWw,]pcp-j-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ h¿Wm -amb Hgp-°mWv Ncn-{X-ßƒ. ]t£, s]Æ-dn-bp∂ PohnXbmYm¿Yy-ßƒ GXp t_m[n-k-Xz-s‚bpw ImgvN-Isf\n m-c-am°p∂-Xm-sW∂ Dd∏v Ahƒ°p-≠v. HSp-hn¬ Db¿∂-i-_vZ-Øns‚ AI-º-Sn-tbmsS acWw ÿnco-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ s]¨KufnXs‚ hgn Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p. s]¨Pohn-X-Øns‚ At⁄-b-Xp-cp-Øp-I-fn¬F¥p kw`-hn-°p-sa-∂-dn-bm-\p≈ P∑-ZuXyw AXv Gs‰-Sp-°p-∂p.B¨Ku-fnsb Ahn-iz-k-\o-b-ambn Aº-c∏n-®p-sIm≠v AXv kz¥w Pohn-X-Øn-te°v A]-I-S-I-c-ambn IpXn®pNmSp-∂p. s]ä\- n\v AXn-t‚-Xmb Xnc-s™-Sp-∏p-I-fps≠∂v CXn-eqsS Hm¿an-∏n-°p-∂p.

s]mXpth lmkkmlnXyw ]qØp-e-™p-\n¬°p∂ kmln-Xy-Øns‚ DΩ-dØv s]ä-bpsS Nncn apg-ßm-dn-√. kmaq-lnI˛kmº-ØnI˛kZm-NmcImc-W-ßƒ Cu iq\yX-bv°v hfw h®n-´p-≠m-Imw. CtX-°p-dn®v ]cn-tim-[n-°m-\p≈ Ah-kcw ¢mkv apdn-I-fn¬ \evtI-≠-Xm-Wv. \ΩpsSlmk-]m-c-º-cy-Øns‚ aIp-S-ambn Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°-s∏-Sp∂ NmIym¿°q-Øn-te-Xp-t]mse \ßym¿°q-Øn¬ lmkyw IS-∂p-h-cp-∂n-√ F∂sshcp[yw Xncn-®-dn-b-Ww. Zriy-I-e-I-fnse lmky-cw-KsØ kv{XoIƒ(AXv \Sn-I-fm-bm-epw IYm-]m-{X-ß-fm-bm-epw) D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂Xv GXp-Xcw lmky-am-Wv F∂ N¿®-bm-hmw. A«o-e-[z-\ntbm ]cn-lm-ky-Xtbmam‰n-h®v _p≤n-]-c-amb lmkyw kv{XoI-fn¬\n∂v Dƒs°m-≈m≥ \ΩpsSt{]£-I-k-aqlw k÷-cmtWm F∂- Imcyw {]k-‡-am-Wv. Ct∏mgpwapJw adt® Nncn-°mhq F∂ Ah-ÿ-bn¬Øs∂tbm Ah-sf∂v Adn-b-Ww. sI.B¿.- ao-c-bpsS "Hm¿Ω-bpsS Rc-ºn¬' i‡-amb {]Xn-tj[wDan-Øo-t]mse D≈n¬ kq£n-°p-tºmgpw {]Xy-£-Øn¬ ]q¿W-hn-t[-b-Xz-Øn¬ Ign-bp∂ ]gb Xe-ap-d-bnse F√p-d-∏p≈ kv{Xosb-°m-Wmw.{]Xy-£-Ønep≈ D]-Nm-c-a-cym-Z-I-fn-√msX kz¥w a\ pw a\- m£nbpwt{]cn∏n°p∂ hgnsb Xt‚-S-tØmsS Cd-ßn-t∏m-Ip∂ B[p-\nI kv{XoPohn-X-Øns‚ apJw "Kufn-P∑w' shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

ebmfw

160 So®¿ sSIvÃv

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]mT-Øn-te°v

]pcp-jm-[n-]-Xy-k-aq-l-Øn-s\-Xn-sc-bp≈ ioem-h-Xn-bpsS {]Xn-tj[w \ºym-cpsS cN-\-bn¬ I≠p Ign-™p. Imhy-L-S-\-bn¬ ioem-hXn I¿Ω-ÿm-\Øpw\ºym¿ I¿Xr-ÿm-\-Øp-am-Wv. NmIym¿IqØn-eqsS Nncn-bpsS apg°w krjvSn-°p∂p NmIym¿. kv{Xo Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ \ßym¿°qØn¬ Nncn-bn-√. \ΩpsSlmky-I-em-]m-c-º-cy-Øn¬ kv{Xo°v CS-apt≠m?

• A[ym]nI Ipń-I-tfmSv s]mXp-hmbn tNmZn-°p-∂p. N¿®- sN-øp-∂p.

♦ \mS-Iw, kn\n-a, sSen-hn-j≥ ]c-º-c, lmky-{]-[m-\-amb tÃPv t{]m{Kmap-Iƒ F∂nh-bnse lmky-Xm-c-ß-fmb kv{XoIƒ.

♦ kv{XoIƒ lmkyw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xnse {]tXy-I-X.♦ lmky-Xm -c -ß-fmb ]pcp -j-∑m -cn¬\n∂v lmky-Xm -c -ß-fmb

kv{XoIƒ°p≈ hyXym-kßƒ.♦ lmky-Xm-c-ß-fmb kv{XoIsf klr-Z-b-temIw ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂-Xns‚

t`Z-ßƒ.♦ ]pcp-j-∑m-tc-°mƒ hfsc Ipd-hmWv lmkycwKØv kv{XoIƒ F∂

hkvXp-X.♦ Nncn-°m\pw Nncn-∏n-°m\pw kv{Xo ]n-∂n-em-hp-∂Xv F¥p-sIm≠v F∂

{]iv\w.♦ kv{XobpsS Bhn-jvIm-c-ßsf s]mXp-k-aqlw Fßs\ ImWp∂p?

• ae-bm-f-Ønse {]apJ Fgp-Øp-Im-cn-Iƒ kv{XoPohnX{]iv\-ßsf A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNbvXn-´p-≠v. sI. kc-kzXnbΩ, efn-Xmw-_nI A¥¿P\w, am[-hn-°p-ń, kmdm-tPm-k-^v, Ajn-X, {]nb -F.-F-kv. XpS-ßnb Fgp-Øp-Im-cn-Iƒ{it≤-b-cm-Wv. t\ctØ \S∂ N¿®-bn¬\n∂v lmkym-hn-jvIm-c-Øn\v kv{Xo°vhf-sc-b-[nIw {]Xn-Iq-e-km-l-N-cy-ß-fp-s≠∂v \mw a\- n-em-°n. Cu ]T-\m-\p-`-h-ß-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ \ΩpsS Fgp-Øp-Im-cn-I-fpsS ]c-º-c-bn¬s∏-Sp∂t{Kkn-bpsS "KufnP∑w' F∂ IY hmbn-°mw.

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

-hn-i-I-e-\-°p-dn∏v

""\obn-t∏mƒ Nne-®-sX-¥n\v? a\p-jy¿ F{X ]ptcm-K-an-®mepw Ah¿°v Kufn-bpsS Nne-bv°-en¬ henb hnizm-k-am-sW∂v \n\-°-dn-™p-IqtS''?

IY-bn-se Cu ]cm-a¿i-Øn¬ sXfn-bp-∂-sX¥v?

• Ipń-I-tfmSv s]mXp-hmbn tNmZn-°p-∂p.

a\p-jys‚ A‘-hn-izmkw. A‘-hn-izm-k-ß-fnepw A\m-Nm-c-ß-fnepw Xf-bv°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ

A{]-k-‡-am-Ip∂ ]ptcm-K-a-\w. ]ptcm-K-a-\-hm-Zn-bm-sW∂ a\p-jys‚ \mSyw. kmaq-lnIhna¿i\w IY-bn-eqsS \n¿h-ln-°p-∂p.

]{¥≠v

Z¿∏Ww 161

• F¶n¬ "KufnP∑w' F∂ IY-bn-eqsS t{Kkn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ kmaq-lnIhna¿i-Xew F¥v? IY hni-I-e\w sNøm≥ \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p.

• \mev {Kq∏p-I-fm°n \mev kqN-\Iƒ \¬Ip-∂p.

♦ kaqlw♦ IpSpw_w♦ a\p-jy-_-‘-ßƒ♦ kv{Xo

• Hmtcm {Kq∏n¬ \n∂pw Xbm-dm-°nb hni-I-e-\-°p-dn∏v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

kzm¿YX \nd™ a\p-jy-_-‘-ßƒ. ]pcp-jm-[n-]Xykaqlw A‘-hn-izm-k-ßƒ°v ASn-s∏´ kaqlw. I®-h-S-h¬°-cn-°-s∏´ NnIn-’m-kw-hn-[m-\w. sshIm-cn-IX tNm¿∂pt]mb a\p-jy-a-\ v. tcmK-tØmSpw tcmKn-tbm-Sp-ap≈ A\p-`m-h-]q¿W-a-√mØ kao-]-\w.

• s]m≥Ip∂w h¿°n-bpsS "tUmIvS¿' F∂ IY-bnse Intim-cn-em¬ F∂ IYm-]m{Xw kqNnX-am-Ip-∂p.

♦ kv{Xohn-tam-N-\-Øns‚ {]iv\-ßƒ.♦♦

N¿®-I-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ hy‡n-K-X-ambn hniIe-\-°p-dn∏v Fgp-Xm≥]d-bp-∂p.

-IY-bpsS BJym-\-X{¥w A]-{K-Yn-°pI

• {]tabw sIm≠pw Ah-X-c-W-co-Xn-sIm≠pw cN-\-Iƒ hyXy-kvX-X- ]pe¿Ømdp-≠-t√m. "Kufn-P∑w' F∂ IYbv°v a‰v IY-I-fn¬ \n∂v henb A¥cw ImWmw.BJym-\-X-{¥-Øn¬ Cu IY ]pe¿Øp∂ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ A]-{K-Yn-t°-≠Xp≠v.

♦ BJym-\-Øn¬ GXp coXn-°mWv IYm-Imcn {]mapJyw \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv?

♦ IY-]-d-®n-ens‚ ]XnhpcoXn-I-fn¬\n∂v Cu cN\ Fß-s\-sb√mw hyXy-kvX-am-Ip∂p?

♦ IYm-K-Xn°v NmcpX \¬Im≥ BJym-\-coXn F{X-am{Xw {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp∂p?

♦ a\p-tjy-Xc IYm-]m-{XsØ IY-]-d-®n-en\v {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xns‚bp‡n-sb-¥mWv?

• ta¬ kqN\I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ IY-bpsS BJym-\-X{¥w hni-Z-ambn]cn-tim-[n-°-s∏-S-Ww. Ipń-Isf Bh-iym-\p-k-cWw kwL-ß-fmbn Xncn®v Ah-X-c-W-ßƒ \S-Ø-Ww.

kzK-Xm-Jym\ kz`m-h-an√. Kufn-I-fpsS ]£-Øp-\n∂v IY-bpsS ho£Ww cq]-s∏-Sp-∂p.

ebmfw

162 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

a\p-jy-kz- m-h-Ønse Po¿WX-Ifpw k¶o¿W-X-Ifpw Kufn-I-fpsSkw`m-j-W-ß-fn-eqsS Bhn-jvI-cn-°p∂p.

A\p-hm-N-I-cn¬ IuXp-I-ap-W¿Øp∂p. IYm-Imcn ]£w tNcp-∂n√.

• a\p-tjy-Xc IYm-]m-{X-ß-fn-eqsS IY-]-d-bp∂ coXn°v Infn-∏m-ń-t\mfw ]g-°-ap-≠v. ae-bmfsNdp-I-Ybpw Cu cN-\m-X{¥w FSp-Øp-]-tbm-Kn-®-XmbnImWmw. sh≈-s∏m-°-Øn¬ (X-I-gn), tiJqń (Sn. ]Xva-\m-`≥), ]cn-Wmaw(Fw.]n. \mcm-b-W-]n-≈), s]‰v (C.]n. {ioIp-am¿) XpS-ßnb IY-Iƒ {i≤-bn¬s∏-Sp-Ømw.

BJym-\-X--{¥-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°m≥ ]d-bp-∂p.

-N¿®-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°pI

• "Zm¿i-\nI sshIm-cn-I-X-bpsS mc-an-√msX t{Kkn Fgp-Xp-∂p. ck-I-c-amb N]ekz`m-h-Øn-eqsS F√m-‰n-s\bpw Hcp Xam-i-bn¬ FØn-°p∂p' sI.]n. A∏≥.

• sI.-]n. A∏s‚ Cu {]kvXm-h-\sb A[ym-]nI ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. Cu IY-bn¬ Nncn-bp-W¿Øp∂ kμ¿ -ßƒ GsXms° F∂v Is≠-Øm≥ Ipń-ItfmSv]dbp∂p.

tcmKnsb sskzcambn NmIm≥IqSn kΩ-Xn-°mØ kμ¿i-I-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ Kufn-bpsS \nco-£-Ww.

Kufn-bpsS Nne∏v {]h-N-\-ti-jn-bp-≈-sX∂v Icp-Xp∂ a\p-jy-kaq-l-Øns‚ \ne-]m-Sv.

a\p-jys‚ CS-s]-S-ep-Isf hna¿i-\m-fl-I-am-bn-°m-Wp∂ Kufn-I-fpsS \nco-£-W-ßƒ.

• XpS¿∂v hy‡n-K-X-ambn N¿®°p-dn∏v Fgp-Xp-∂p. ck-I-c-amb Ah-X-c-W-Øn-eqsS ae-bmf sNdp-I-Ysb kºp-jvS-am-°n-b-h-scbpw Cu L´-Øn¬ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. H.hn. hnP-b≥, hn.sI.-F≥, ssh°w apl-ΩZv _jo¿,AIv_¿ I°-ń¬....

-Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°p-I

• "Hm¿Ω-bpsS Rcºv' Ipń-I-fpsS {i≤-bn¬ sIm≠p-h-cp-∂p. c≠p IY-IfpwXmc-Xayw sNøm≥ \n¿tZin-°p-∂p.

$ hnt[bXzw ]pe¿Øp∂ kv{Xo. $ {]Xn-tj-[n-°p∂ kv{Xo.

$ hna¿i-\m-fl-I-amb kv{Xoa\ v $ \¿Ω-t_m-[-ap≈ kv{Xoa\- ns\

BJym\w sNøp∂p. BJym-\-Øn¬ sIm≠p-h-cp-∂p.

$ hnjm-Zm-fl-I-amb kv{Xoa-\ v

BJym\w sNøp∂p.

$ $

Hm¿Ω-bpsS Rcºv Kufn-P∑w

]{¥≠v

Z¿∏Ww 163

• Hmtcm {Kq∏pw Ah-X-cn-∏n® Bi-b-ßƒ kam-l-cn®v hy‡n-K-X-ambn Xmc-X-ay-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°m≥ \n¿tZ-in-°p∂p.

-Imhy-k-am-lmcw \n¿Ωn-°pI

hnP-b-e-£van-bpsS Ihn-X-bn¬, `¿Ømhv Ipfn-I-gn™v im¥-\mbn mK-hXw hmbn-°p-∂Xv tIƒ°m-\mbn £Wn-°p-tºmƒ, ASp-°-f-bn¬ hn{i-aan-√msX ]nS-®p-Xo-cp-∂- Xm≥ alm- m-K-h-X-amWv hmbn-°p-∂-sX∂pw AXv tIƒ°m≥ Xm¶ƒ hcp-∂n-√t√m F∂pw ]d-bp-∂p.

• kv{XoPohn-X-Øns‚ ImTn-\y-Øn¬ as‰mcp XØz-Nn-¥-bpsS klmbw t]mepwths≠∂pw AXn-t\-°mƒ hep-XmWv Ah-fpsS Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h-sa∂pw ChnsSkqN-\-bp-≠v. Cu coXn-bn¬ kv{XoPohn-XsØ AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p≈kvIqfnse Ipń-Iƒ Fgp-Xnb Ihn-X-Iƒ Is≠Øn Hcp kam-lmcw \n¿an-°pI.

k‘y°v Ipfn-s®√m

iey-Øn¬ \n∂pw thdn˛

´ßp hmbn-∏q, Znhy

apds° `mK-hXw

\o hcp-∂n-t√, h∂n˛

ßncn-s°,-s∂m-s°-t°ƒ°mw

Xmh-I-kzcw; Xobn˛

∂cn-In-se-\n-°-t∏mƒ

sh∏p-th-e-Iƒ, tX®p

Igp-In-Øo-cm-\m-Im˛

sX{X ]m{Xßƒ, \mtf˛

bvs°{X -sIm-®p-Im-cy-ßƒ

Icn-]-‰nb ssIbm¬

acWw hscØocm˛

alm-`m-K-hXw Rm≥

adn-®p-hm-bn-°p∂p

aSn-bm-sX∂pw; Aßp

tIƒ°p-hm≥ hcp-∂n√

`mK-hXw ˛ hnP-b-e£van

ebmfw

164 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

3.3 tXß

B[p-\nI ae-bm-f-I-hn-I-fn¬ {it≤-b-\mb sNdn-bm≥ sI sNdn-bm≥Fgp-Xnb "tXß' sFdWn-bn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb Hc-kw-_‘IhnXbm-Wv.PohnXw F√m-bvt∏mgpw bp‡n`{Ztam {]h-N-\o-btam A√. NpSe`{Z-Im-fn-bpsS \n¿_‘w kln-°-h-ømsX \mdm-WØv {`m¥≥ Xs‚ acWwHcp Znh-k-tØ°v am‰n-Øcm-\m-h-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p. acWw am‰n-hbv-°m≥B¿°pw Ign-bn-√. AXp-sIm≠v at‰-sX-¶nepw hcw tNmZn-°m-≥ ]d™`{Z-Im-fn-tbmSv CSXpImense a¥v he-Xp-Im-en-te-°m-°m≥ \mdm-WØv{`m¥≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p. {]Xy-£-Øn¬ Akw-_-‘-sa∂v tXm∂m-sa-¶nepw hen-sbmcp Zm¿i-\n-IX CXn-\p -]n-d-In-ep-≠v. \mdm-WØv {`m¥-s\-A-dn-bp∂ ae-bm-fn°v Akw-_-‘-ß-fpsS Zm¿i-\n-IX Ffp∏w a\- n-em-°mw.

tXß hoWp Xs‚ Xe-X-I¿∂pt]mtI-≠-Xn-\p -]-Icw tXß XI¿s∂∂vam{X-a√, \mWn®v Ipf-Øn¬ t]mbn NmSp-Ibpw sNbvXp. CXns‚ Ahn-iz-k-\o-b-X-bn¬ sIm√m-¶-≠-Øn¬ tZh-ky- Nn-cn-®p-t]m-bn. tXß hogp-∂-Xp-I≠v taem-sI- X-cn-®p-t]mb Ab¬°m-c≥ ]mep-t»-cn¬ \mcm-b-W-]n≈ HmSn-sb-Øn-b-t∏mƒ tXß Xe-bn¬ hoW tZhky \mcm-bW]n≈sb t\m°n Nncn-®p. Ipf-Ønepw sXßns‚ a≠-bnepw t\m°n®n-cn-®p. ae¿∂p InS∂pw ]≈bv°v ssItN¿Øpw Nncn-®p. A_≤w ]‰nbBƒ°√, AXp I≠p-h-∂-h-\mWv ]cn-lmkw G‰p-hm-tß-≠n-h-∂-Xv.]t£, Nncn AhnsS \n∂n-√. AXv B‚n-ss¢-am-Ivkn-te°v \oßn. Nncn-®p Nncn®p tZhky ac-W-Øn-te°v sXdn-®p-t]m-bn. acWw hen-sbmcpên-X-ambn amdn.

efn-Xhpw A\m-bm-k-hp-amb mj, KZy-tØmSv tN¿∂p \n¬°p-∂- Xmfw,{Inb-bpsS kq£vamw-i-ß-fn-te°v IS-∂p-sN-√p-∂ IYm-flI hnh-c-W-ßƒ(s]cp-¥≥tXß, sRSp∏‰v Xmtg°v t]m∂p. taep-X-cn®p \n∂p-t]m-bn,tZhky ]n∂nte°v ae¿s° ....) XpSßnbh CXns‚ BJym-\-Øn\vkhn-ti-j-amb HuNnXyw \¬Ip-∂p. A\p-hm-N-I\pw Ihn-°p-an-S-bn¬ap≥Ime Ihn-X-I-fpsS XS- tam kmt¶-XnI_m[y-Xtbm C√mØ kz—μ{]hm-l-ambn amdp∂ Imhy-co-Xn-bmWn-hn-sS. h{Io-I-c-W-an-√. AXn-i-tbm-‡n-bm-sW-¶nepw hm°p-I-fn¬ AXn-i-tbm-‡n-bpsS Ir{Xn-a-Xz-ß-fn-√. Nn -h- -ß-sfm-∂p-an-√. Imhym-fl-I- mj F∂ k¶ev]w C√m-sX-bm-Ip-∂p. IY-bn¬ `mj-bpsS kmln-Xy-]-cX F∂ hnip-≤-k-¶ev]w _jo¿ s]mfn-®-Xp-t]mse B[p-\nIIhn-Iƒ Ihn-Xsb Nqgp∂ Znhy-X-bp-sSbpw hnip-≤n-bp-sSbpw ]cn-th-j-ßƒ Agn-®p-I-f-bp-∂p. a\p-jy-km-ao-]y-Øm¬ao≥am¿°-‰m-bmepw tNcn-I-fm-bmepw Imhy-k-μ¿ -ß-fp-≠m-Imw. BI¿j-I-amb arZp-h¿W-ßƒ am{X-a√, Pohn-XØnse ]®-bmb A\p-`-h-ß-fpsSISpw-h¿W-ßfpw Ihn-X-bn¬ Ie-cp-tºm-gmWv Imhy-ku-μcyw hnim-e-am-hpI F∂ ImgvN-∏mSv Cu Ihn-Xsb Adn-bm≥ klm-bn-°pw.-

]mTm]-{K-Y\w

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Z¿∏Ww 165

]mT-Øn-te°v

• \mS≥ hmMva-b-Ønse Akw-_-‘-Km-\-ßƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-I. aƒń-ao-UnbD]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

BtØmte

BtØmte CutØmte Ip™m-tØmte ˛ G

Rms\mcp Imcnbw sNm√mw tIt´m ˛ Hm

tI´m¬ s]mfn-sbt∂ tXm∂q tIt´m ˛ Hm

Ip™n-bp-dp-ºns‚ ImXp-IpØo ˛ Cu

sXßp-ap-dn®p Ipc-Sp-an´q ˛ Du

D∏pw-Nn-c-´bv°v ]√p-h∂q ˛ Du

sh≈m-cw-I-√n\v aoi-h∂q ˛ Du

aoi-ta¬ Xqßn c≠m\ NØq ˛ Du

\qdpw IpS-Øn-sem-cm\ s]´q ˛ Du

tImgn-t°m-´m\ Xncp-∏-d∂q ˛ Du

tKm]pcw Xnßn c≠o® NØq ˛ Du

tI´m¬ s]mfn-sbt∂ tXm∂q tIt´m

BtØmte CutØmte Ip™m-tØmte ˛ G

Rms\mcp Imcnbw sNm√mw tIt´m ˛ Hm

(\ΩpsS \m´-dn-hp-Ifpw ]g-s©m-√p-Ifpw

IS-¶-Y-Ifpw ˛ hmeyw 5

\ΩpsS ssien-Ifpw \mtSm-Sn-∏m-´p-Ifpw,

Un.kn. _pIvkv 2011)

• t\ctØ tIń´p≈ ]m´p-I-fn¬\n∂v Cu ]mńs‚ hyXy-kvXX F¥mWv F∂vA[ym-]nI tNmZn-°p-∂p. N¿®.

♦ Akw-_-‘kz`mhw♦ Abp-‡n-IX♦ ckn-IXzw♦ emfnXyw

• Pohn-XsØ Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wt√m kmln-Xyw. Pohn-X-Øn¬ bp‡nbpwbp‡nbn√mbvabpap≠v. bp‡n-bn-√m-bva-sbbpw kmlnXyw Bhn-jvI-cn-®n- p-≠v.Cusbmcp ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ "tXß' F∂ IhnX hmbn-°mw.

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

-\nco-£-W-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°pI

kqcy-\mtWm N{μ-\mtWm \ap°v IqSp-X¬ D]-Imcw sNøp-∂Xv F∂ N¿®apdpIn \n¬°p-tºm-gmWv ap√m- \-k-dp-±o≥ IS∂phcp-∂-Xv. hfsc Kuc-h-tØmsS

ebmfw

166 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

ap√ N¿®-bn-en-S-s]-Sp-Ibpw N{μ-\mWv IqSp-X¬ D]-Imcn F∂v {]Jym-]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Aßs\ ]d-bm-\p≈ Imcyw Fs¥∂v At\z-jn-®-t∏mƒ ap√-bpsS adp-]Sn CXmbn-cp-∂p. ""Ccp-´Øv shfn®w ImW-tW¬ N{μ≥ Xs∂thWw''.

• Cu IY kqNn-∏n®- tijw ap√-bpsS IY Nncn-bp-W¿Øp-∂-Xns‚ Imc-W-sØ-°p-dn®v Ipń-I-tfmSv tNmZn-°mw. bp‡n-bn-√mbva lmky-Øn\v Imc-W-amIpwF∂ {]Xn-I-c-W-Øn¬ Ipń-Iƒ FØn-bm¬ "tXß' F∂ Ihn-Xsb Bkzm-Zy-am-°p∂ bp‡ncmln-Xy-ß-tf-sX∂v Is≠-Øm≥ Ah-tcm-Sp]dbmw.

Xe-b√ XI¿∂Xv, tXß-bm-Wv. sIm≠- X-e-b√ hoW AtN-X-\-amb tXß-bmWv \mWn-s®m-fn-®-Xv. Ipg-∏-Øn-em-bXv Cc-bmb Bf√, AXp-I≠v HmSn-h-∂-bm-fm-Wv. Nncn®p Nncn®p acn-®p-t]m-Ip-I. bp‡ncmln-Xy-Øn¬\n∂v D≠m-Ip∂ s]mcp-Ø-t°-Sp-Iƒ Nncn°v

Imc-W-am-Ip-∂p.

t{ImUo-I-cWw

PohnXw kmam-\y-bp-‡n-°-Xo-X-am-Wv. Cu Xncn-®-dnhv Ihn-X-bpsSlmky-Øn\v ]pXn-sbm-c¿Yw \¬Ip-∂p.

Pohn-X-Øns‚ A¿Yw, {]tbm-P\w F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ At\z-jWw \nXy-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ F{X-tØmfw {]k-‡-amWv? (I≈n-bn¬sImSp-Ø -IY Ipń-I-fp-ambn ]¶p-hbv-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv).

`mhn-Po-hnXØn¬ apgp-h≥ F¥mWv kw`-hn°pI F∂v ap≥IqńAdn-™m¬ \ΩpsS PohnXw F{]-Im-c-am-bn-cn-°pw?

X{¥-im-en-bmb Ipdp-°≥ kz—-ambn Cg™p \oßp∂ tXc´sb

kao-]n®p. hfsc AXv`pXhpw BZ-chpw `mhn-®p-sIm≠v ]d™p

""Xm¶-fpsS kn≤nsb kΩ-Xn®p X∂n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu \qdp-I-W-°n\v

Imep-Isf Htckabw Htc Xmf-Øn¬ XΩn¬ ]nW-bmsX Nen-

∏n®v A\m-bm-k-ambn apt∂m´v \oßm≥ Ign-bp-∂-t√m. A¤pXw

Xs∂.'' Ipdp-°≥ \S-∂p-t]mbn. A`n-am\w \nd™ tXc´ BZy-

ambn Xm≥ \S-°p∂sXßs\ F∂m-tem-Nn-®p. AtXmsS AXn\p

apt∂m´p \oßm-\p≈ Ignhv \jvS-am-bn.

-Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°pI

• Ipń-Iƒ°v apºn¬ ]©-X{¥w IY-I-fn-sem∂v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°pI. AtXm-sSm∏wHcp km[m-cWIYbpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I. Ch XΩn-ep≈ Xmc-Xayw \n¿h-ln°pI. DZm : ]S-t®ms‚ tNmdv ˛ Ddq-_v, ]qh-ºgw ˛ Imcq¿, tIc-fobw ˛]n.sI. ]md-°-Shv

KpW-]mTIY-Iƒ IrXy-amb Hcp ktμiw hmb-\-°m-c\v \¬IWsa-∂p-t±-in-°p-∂p. IY-bpsS kuμ-cy-sØ-°mƒ \¬Ip∂ ktμ-i-hy-‡-X-bmWv IY-bpsS ta∑ \n¿Wbn-°p-I.

km[m-cWIY-Iƒ {]ta-b-]-c-ambn hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. IYm-hkvXp,BJym-\w, `mj XpSßnbh-sbms° ChnsS {][m-\-am-Wv.

]{¥≠v

Z¿∏Ww 167

• "tXß' F∂ Ihn-X-bpsS LS-\bpw HSp-hn¬s°m-SpØ KpW-]m-Thpw km[m-cW KpW-]mTIY-I-fn¬\n∂v hyXy-kvX-amtWm F∂-t\z-jn-°m≥ Ipń-I-tfmSv]dbp-∂p.

Is≠-Øm-hp-∂h

CXnse KpW-]mTw bp‡n-c-ln-X-am-Wv.

KpW-]m-Thpw Ihn-X-bpsS ssienbpw ]c-º-cm-KX IY-I-fp-tS-X√F∂v Xncn-®-dn-bp∂p.

PohnXw t]mse Xs∂ Ihn-X-sbbpw IY-sbbpw {]tbm-P\w e£y-am°n kao-]n-°m-\m-h-W-sa-∂n-√.

F√m {]tbm-P-\-ßfpw sXm´p-Im-Wn-°m-\m-hn-√.

Imcy-Im-c-W-ß-fnse Abp‡n KpW-]m-T-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ lmkyw krjvSn-°p-I-bmWv Cu KpW-]mTw Xbm-dm-°n-b-Xn-eqsS e£y-am-°p-∂-sX∂v shfn-s∏-Sp∂p.

• ta¬kq-N-\-I-f-\p-k-cn®v Hcp Bkzm-Z\w Xbm-dm-°p-I-bmWv th≠-Xv.

-\¿a-te-J\w Xbm-dm-°p-I

• "tXß' t]mse Xs∂ kμ¿`sshin-jvSytam `mjm-hn-jb khn-ti-j-XtbmCs√-¶nepw Ihn-X-bv°v Nncn-bp-W¿Øm≥ Ign-bpw. D∂-X-amb Zm¿i-\nI{]iv\-ßƒ F∂ {]kvXm-h-\bv°v tijw Ip™pÆnamjns‚ Nne Ihn-X-Iƒ A[ym-]nI ¢mkn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

• A¿lX F∂ IhnX Ah-X-cn-∏n®v AXn¬ Dƒs°m-≠n-´p≈ kmaq-ln-I-hn-a¿i\w F¥m-sW∂v Is≠-Øm≥ ]dbp∂p. sshb-‡n-I-{]-Im-i-\-Øn\v Ipd-®p-t]¿°v Ah-kcw \¬Imw.

t{ImUo-I-cWw

Bfl-lXy sNøm≥ {ian-°p-∂-hs\ ASn-®p-sIm-√pI F∂-Xnse{Inbm-]-c-amb lmkyw.

Pohn-X-co-Xn-bn¬ \n∂mWv {]W-b-ap-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. AtX {]W-bw- Pohn-XsØØs∂ C√m-Xm-°p-∂p F∂ Zm¿i-\n-I-ssh-cp-[y-Øn¬ \n∂p-≠m-Ip∂ lmkyw.

t{]a-ss\-cmiyw sIm≠v Xqßn-®m-hp-I, ac-s°m-ºØv Ib-dn-b-hs\aÆn¬ \n¿Øp-I, ]Ø-sem-Sn®v X√n-s°m-√p-I, hen®p Ipgn-®n-SpIF∂o `mjm-{]-tbm-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂p-≠m-Ip∂ lmkyw.

"tXß' F∂ IhnX-bn¬ IS-∂p-h-cp∂ bp‡n-cm-lnXyw Is≠-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.

• ]{X-am-[y-a-ß-fn¬ hcp∂ \¿a-te-J-\-ßƒ ]cn-N-b-ap-≠m-Ip-at√m.

• ap∂-dn-hp-Iƒ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn \¿a-te-J\w Xbm-dm-°p-I.

-Xmc-X-ay-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°p-I

• "B≥ FenPn Hm¨ Z sUØv Hm^v F amUv tUmKv' F∂ Hen-h¿ tKmƒUvkvan-Øns‚ Imhy- m-K-Øp-\n∂v FSp-Øn- p≈ hcn-Iƒ°v DNn-X-amb hnh¿Ø\wXbm-dm-°m-\m-h-iy-s∏-Sp-I. A©v {Kq∏p-Ifm°mw.

ebmfw

168 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

♦ Imhy-Øns‚ a¿aw \ne-\n¿Øn-s°m-≠m-bn-cn-°Ww hnh¿Ø\w.♦ Ir{Xn-aXzw Hgn-hm-°-Ww.♦ ]Zm-\p-]Z X¿Pa thW-sa-∂n√.

• {Kq∏p-I-fn¬\n∂p≈ Ah-X-cWw.

• AXn-\p-tijw "tXß' F∂ Ihn-Xbpw Ct∏mƒ sNbvX hnh¿Ø-\hpw Xmc-X-ay-Øn\v hnt[-b-am-°p-I. Bi-b-X-e-Øn¬ Cu Ihn-X-Iƒ XΩn-ep≈ kmPm-Xy-ssh-Pm-Xy-ßƒ Is≠-Øp-∂p.

♦ lmky-ap-f-hm-°m≥ `mj-bn¬ hcp-Øm-hp∂ am‰-ßƒ.

♦ sshb-‡n-I-amb {]Xn-I-c-W-ßƒ.

• AXns\ ASn-ÿm-\-am°n Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°pI.

3.4 c≠v bm{Xm-hn-h-cW`mK-ßƒ

"lnam-e-b-km-{am-Py-Øn-¬' F∂ bm{Xm-hn-h-cWw Fkv.-sI. s]ms‰-°m´v\S-Ønb bm{X-bpsS A\p- -h-°p-dn-∏mW.v CXn¬ \n∂p FSp-Øn- p≈XmWv"_Z-cnbpw ]cn-k-c-ßfpw' F∂ ]mT- m-Kw. IYm-IrØv k©m-cn-bm-b-Xns‚kuμ-cymw-i-ßƒ BJym-\-Øn¬ Dƒt®-cp-∂p. "Ipt_-c-in-e-bn¬ \n∂v,Hcm-izm-k-s\-Sp-ho¿∏p-t]mse hml\w Iogvt∏m´v k©-cn®p' F∂ IYm-`m-j-bn-eq-sS-bmWv bm{X-°p-dn∏v XpS-ßp-∂-Xv. hmb-\-°msc A]-cn-NnX`q`m-K-ß-fn-te°pw P\-kw-kvIm-c-ß-fn-te°pw Iqń-s°m-≠p-t]m-Im-\p≈Fkv.-sI.-bpsS Ignhv At±-l-Øns‚ bm{Xm-hn-h-c-W-ß-fn¬ ap{Zn-X-am-Wv._Z-cn-t£-{Xhpw \oe-I-WvT-ssi-ehpw Af-I-\μbpw _Z-cn-Im-{i-ahpw Zriy-Nm-cp-X-tbmsS hmb-\-°m-cn¬ _nw_n-∏n°m≥ Fkv.-sI.-bpsS BJym-\-Øn\v Ign-™n-´p-≠v. lna-°-´-bp-d-ßp∂ _Z-cn-bpsS Xmgvhc-bnse anen-‰-dn-Iymºpw ]´mf DtZym-K-ÿ-\mb kqcy-{]-Imipw \ΩpsS ap∂n-se-Øp-∂p. I\Ø lna-]m-X-Øn¬ aqSn-t∏mb A\p-`-h-ap≈ kqcy-{]-Imiv Hcp]cm-Xn-bp-an-√msX XymK-]q¿W-amb Pohn-X-Øn-eqsS AXn¿Øn Im°p-∂-Xns‚ t\¿®n{Xw bm{Xm-\p-`-h-°p-dn-∏nep≠v.

Fw.]n.- ho-tc-{μ-Ip-am-dns‚ "ssla-h-X-`q-hn¬' F∂ bm{Xm-hn-h-cW {KŸ-Øn¬ \ns∂SpØ `mK-amWv "bap-t\m-{Xn-bpsS Dujva-f-X-bn¬'. bm{XHcp Bflo-bm-\p-`-h-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ Bhn-jvI-cn-°p∂ cN-\-bmWnXv.ssiXy-Im-eØv ]qPyw Un{Knbnepw Xmsg-sb-Øp∂ Xm-]-\n-e-bp≈ bap-t\m-{Xn-bpsS Dujva-fX Bflob hnip-≤n-bm-Wv. bap-\m-tZhn apJy-{]-Xn-jvT-bm-bp≈ bap-t\m-{Xn-t£-{Xhpw bap-\bpw KwKbpw kc-kz-Xnbpw H∂n-°p∂ {XnthWnkwK-ahpw DjvW-P-e-{]-hm-l-amb kqcy-Ipfipw hnh-c-W-Øn¬ IS∂p hcp-∂p. \Zn-Ifpw ]¿h-X-ßfpw {]IrXn{]Xn-`m-k-ßfpwHcp-°p∂ hnkva-b-Øn¬ X\n°v kn≤n® Dujva-f-amb Bflo-bm-\p-`-hw]I-cp-I-bmWv "bap-t\m-{Xn-bpsS Dujva-f-X-bn¬' F∂ ]mT-`mKw.

]mTm]-{K-Y\w

]{¥≠v

Z¿∏Ww 169

]mT-Øn-te°v

• kmaq-lnI-Po-hn-XsØ Bg-Øn¬ {]Xn- -en-∏n-°p∂ IY-Ifpw Ihn-X-IfpamWv"Z¿∏Ww' F∂ bqWn-‰n¬ \man-Xp-hsc ]cn-N-b-s∏-´-Xv.

• Xmsg-s°m-Sp-Ø-h-bn¬ kaq-lsØ a\- n-em-°m≥ a\p-jy\v Gsd klm-bIwGXm-sW∂v s]mXp-hmbn tNmZn-°p-∂p.

♦ hnZym-`ymkw

♦ hmb\

♦ bm{X

♦ Iem-{]-h¿Ø\w

• Fß-s\-bmWv bm{X klm-b-I-am-Ip-∂-sX∂v s]mXp-N¿® \S-Øp-∂p.

♦ a\p-jy-N-cn{Xw ]ptcm-K-an-®n-´p-≈Xv bm{X-bn-eq-sS-bm-Wv.

♦ bm{X temI-ho-£Ww hn]pe-am-°p-∂p.

♦ bm{X Iem-]-chpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-hp-amb Hcp {]h¿Ø-\-am-Wv.

♦ bm{Xm-hn-h-cWkmlnXyw Xpd∂pXcp∂ ssh⁄m-\nI ˛ sshIm-cn-I-tem-Iw.

♦ kmaqlnI˛kmwkvIm-cnI sshhn-[y-ßsf°pdn®v Adn-bm≥ bm{Xm-hn-h-cW IrXn-Iƒ klm-bn-°pw.

♦ ]mT-`mKw hmbn-°m-\m-bn- ]-dbmw

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

-\nco-£-W-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°pI

• ""Hcp ÿe-Øns‚ KX-Ime aln-a-tb-°mƒ Fkv.sI. s]ms‰-°m´v {i≤n-°p-∂Xv AXns‚ h¿Ø-am\`mh-sØ-bmWv'' ˛ B¿. hniz-\m-Y≥

• Hcp {]tZiw kμ¿in-°p-tºmƒ \nßsf BI¿jn-°p∂ {][m\ LS-I-ß-tf-sX√mw F∂ s]mXp-tNmZyw A[ym-]nI D∂-bn-°p-∂p.

Ipń-Iƒ ]d-bm-hp-∂h

a\p-jy¿ `q{]-IrXn ÿm]-\-ßƒ Ncn{Xw bm{Xm-hn-h--c-W-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-tØ≠p∂ Imcy-ßƒ Fs¥m-s°-

bmhmw ˛ s]mXp-N¿®

a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ sshhn-[y-ßƒ Is≠-Øp-Ibpw hnh-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ bm{Xm-hn-h-c-Wßƒ Poh- p-‰h-bm-Ip-∂p.

{]Ir-Xn-bnepw Imem-h-ÿ-bn-ep-ap≈ sshhn-[y-ßfpw kuμ-cyhpwtcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

Ncn{Xw, ]pcm-Ww, sFXn-lyw, ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS km∂n[yw F∂nhNne ÿe-ßƒ°v khn-ti-jX \¬Ip-∂p.

ebmfw

170 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

• A[ym-]nI XpS¿∂v B¿.-hn-iz-\m-Ys‚ {]kvXm-h\ hmbn-°p-∂p. Ipń-I-tfmSv]mT-`m-KsØ ap≥\n¿Øn AXns‚ kmwKXyw ]cn-tim-[n-°m-\m-h-iy-s∏-Sp∂p.hy‡n-KX {]I-S-\-Øn\v Ah-kcw \¬Ip-I.

Ipń-Iƒ Is≠-Øm-\n-S-bp-≈Xv

lnam-e-b≥ Xmgvh-c-bn¬ sImSpw-ssiXyw kln®v AXn¿ØnIm°p∂ ]´m-f-°m-cpsS PohnXw.

s\mº-c-s∏-Sp -Øp∂ aq¿®-bp≈ lna-°m‰v Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈Imemhÿm ]cm-a¿iw.

]´m-f-°m¿°v e`n-°p∂ ]cn-an-X-amb Pohn-X-ku-I-cy-ßƒ. ]´m-f-°m-cpsS XymK-]q¿Æ-amb PohnXw.

t{ImUo-I-cWw

Fkv.sI. bm{Xsb Hcp kmaq-lnIm-\p-`-h-am-°p∂p. Zriym\p`h km[y-X-sbm-cp-°p-∂p. t\¿°m-gvN-Iƒ°v Fkv.sI. sImSp-°p∂ {]m[m\yw.

• CXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Hcp \nco-£-W-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°mw.

-hni-I-e-\-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°pI

• \nß-fpsS \mńse ÿe-\m-a-ß-fn¬\n∂v ]g-b-Im-esØ°pdn®v Fs¥-¶nepwkqN\ e`n-°p-∂pt≠m F∂v tNmZn-°p-∂p.

Hmtcm tZi-Øn\pw Hmtcm Ncn-{X-ap-≠v. {]tZ-i-ß-sf-b-dn-bm≥ Ncn{Xw IqSn-b-dn-b-Ww. kq£va-ambn {i≤n-®m¬ Ncn-{X-kq-N-I-ß-fmb Imcy-ßƒ \ap°v Np‰p-

]m-Sp-I-fn¬ \n∂v Is≠Ømw.

• Fkv.sI. s]ms‰-°m´v a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øn\pw kmaq-lnIm\p-`-h-Øn\pw{]m[m\yw \¬Ip∂p F∂ Adnhv Ipń-°p-≠v.

• hotc-{μ-Ip-am-dns‚ bm{Xm-hn-h-c-W-Øn¬ GXp LS-I-amWv ap∂n- p-\n¬°p-∂XvF∂-t\z-jn-°p-∂p. s]mXp-N¿®-bn¬ Is≠-Øp∂ Ncn-{X-]-cm-a¿i-ßƒ]ńIs∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

♦ bap-t\m-{Xn-bpsS `qan-imkv{X ]›m-Øew.

♦ bap-t\m{Xnt£{X-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ]cm-a¿iw.

♦ kqcy-Ip-fins‚ {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ.

♦ K‘-am-Z\ ]¿h-X-km-\p-°-fnse {]IrXn{]Xn-`m-k-ßƒ

t{ImUo-I-cWw

bm{Xsb Hcp ]T-\m-\p-`hw F∂ \ne-bn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂kao]\w

hkvXp-\n-jvT-amb hnh-c-ß-fpsS tiJcw. cN-bn-Xm-hns‚ Ncn-{Xm-h-t_m[w. k©m-c-km-ln-Xy-Im-c\p≠m-bn-cn-t°≠ Pn⁄mk.

• e`y-amb hnh-c-ßƒ h®v Ipń-Iƒ hni-I-e-\-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°s´.

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Z¿∏Ww 171

-hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ Ipdn∏v

• Hcp k©mcn Ihnbpw IYm-IrØpwIqSn-bm-Ip-tºmƒ cN-\bv°v ssIh-cp∂`mh-\m-]-c-amb anIhv F¥mWv?

• t\ctØ e`n® Adn-hp-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v bm{Xm-hn-h-c-W-ßƒ Bkzm-Z-\-{]-Z-amtWm hn⁄m-\-{]-Z-amtWm (k¿Km-flIkmln-Xytam ssh⁄m-\nIkmln-Xy-tam) F∂ kwhmZw kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-I. Bkzm-Z-\-{]-[m-\-sa∂v hmZn-°p-∂-h¿ DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn-e-[n-Ihpw Fkv.sI. s]ms‰-°m- ns‚ bm{Xm-hn-h-c-W-Øn-em-bn-cn-°p-a-t√m. A[ym-]nI tamU-td-‰-dm-h-Ww.

• kwhm-Z-Øn-s\m-Sp-hn¬ bm{Xm-hn-h-cWw Bkzm-Z-\-{]-Z-am-Ip-∂Xn\v th≠p∂LS-I-ßƒ hne-bn-cpØp-∂p. Ipń-I-fpsS sshb-‡nI {]Xn-I-cWw {]mXn-\n-[y-kz-`m-h-Øn¬ kzoI-cn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

Ipń-Iƒ Is≠-Øm-\n-S-bp-≈Xv

Bflmwiw sshIm-cn-IX a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ km∂n[yw kmln-Xym-fl-IX

t{ImUo-I-cWw

Fw.]n hotc-{μ-Ip-am-dns‚ bm{Xm-hn-h-c-W-Øn¬\n∂v Fkv.sI.s]ms‰-°m-ńs‚ k©m-ckm-lnXyw hyXy-kvX-am-Ip-∂Xv Bkzm-Z-\-Øns‚ Awiw Gdnbpw ssh⁄m-\n-Imwiw Ipd™pw \n¬°p-∂-Xn-\m-em-Wv.

t\mh-enÃpw IYm-Ir-Øp-amb Fkv.sI. a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-ß-fpsSBJym-Xm-hmWv. t\mh-enepw IY-bnepw Fkv.sI. Ime-Øn\v Ipdp-sIbpw bm{Xm-hn-h-c-W-Øn¬ At±lw tZiØn\v Ipdp-sIbpw k©-cn-°p-∂p.

• hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ Ipdn∏v sshb-‡n-Iambn Xbm-dm-°p-I. (kwhm-ZØn¬\n∂v e`n®hkvXp-X-I-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬.)

-D]-\ym-k-sa-gp-XpI

• Fkv.-sI-bpsS bm{Xm-hn-h-c-W-Ir-Xn-I-fpsS kz`m-hw, hotc-{μ-Ip-am-dns‚ bm{Xm-hn-h-c-W-ssien F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®v hni-Z-amb N¿®-Iƒ \S-∂p-I-gn-™p.CXn¬\n∂v Hcp \√ bm{Xm-hn-h-c-W-Øn\v Fs¥ms° Imcy-ßƒ thWwF∂v N¿®-sN-øm≥ Ipń-Isf \mev {Kq∏p-I-fm°p∂p. Xmsg -sIm-Sp-Ø taJ-e-Iƒ {Kq∏n¬ \¬Imw.

♦ BJym-\-ssien♦ `mj♦ \nco-£-W-tijn♦ k¿Km-fl-IX

• {Kq∏p-I-fpsS {]I-S-\-Øn\v Ah-kcw sImSp-Ø-tijw A[ym-]nI t{ImUo-I-cn-°p∂p. BJym-\-ssien-bn¬ Bflmwiw Iecmw. F∂m¬ Aan-X-ambn Rm≥

ebmfw

172 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

IS-∂p-h-cp-∂Xv Atcm-N-I-am-Wv. (Rm≥ I≠ bqtdm-∏n\v ]Icw bqtdm-∏nse Rm≥ BI-cp-Xv).

k©m-c-km-ln-Xy-Øn\v G‰hpw ASp∏w Bfl-I-Y-tbm-SmWv F∂XvCu Bflmw-i-Øns‚ {]m[m\yw Iq´p-∂p.

k©m-cm-\p- -h-ßƒ tNm¿∂p-t]m-ImsX ]I¿∂p-\¬Im-\p≈ Ignhv.AXn\v tN¿∂ `mj-bm-I-Ww. sshIm-cn-IX hfsc {][m-\am-Wv.

]mcm-b-W-tbm-KyX GXp kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-bp-sSbpw ASn-ÿm-\-am-Wv.a‰m-Jym\ {KŸ-ßfn¬ ]cn-Wm-a-Kp]vXn hmb-\-°msc ]nSn-®p-\n¿Øpw. AØcw BImw£ k©m-c-km-ln-Xy-Øn-en-√.

GXp cmPysØbpw {][m-\-am-°p-∂Xv Ahn-SsØ a\p-jy-cm-Wv.AtN-X-\-amb sIń-S-ß-f-√. P\-ß-fpsS \mUn-an-Sn∏pw lrZ-b-kv]-μ-\-hp-amWv Hcp k©m-c-km-ln-Xy-Ir-Xnsb BI¿j-I-am-°p-∂-Xv.

\mtSm-Sn-°-Y, Ncn-{Xw, qan-imkv{Xw XpSßn GXv hn⁄m-\-im-JbpwDƒs°m-≈n°m≥ am{Xw sshhn-[y-]q¿W-amWv k©m-c-km-lnXyw.

ImgvN-I-fn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-Im≥ hmb-\-°m¿°v Ign-b-Ww. {]ta-b-Ønse ]pXp-a-b-√ (-ln-am-e-b-sØ-°p-dn®v Xs∂ ae-bm-f-Øn¬

[mcmfw IrXn-I-fp-≠v. Xt]m-h-\-kzm-an-Iƒ apX¬ Fw.]n. hotc-{μ-Ip-am¿ hsc \o≠p-In-S-°p-∂p) Fgp-Øns‚ k¿Km-fl-I-X-bmWvbm{Xm-hn-h-c-WsØ al-Ø-c-am-°p-∂-Xv.

• Cu N¿®-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ D]-\ymkw Xbm-dm-°m≥ ]d-bmw.

lnam-e-b-Øn¬ ˛ Fkv. sI. s]ms‰°m´v

sslahX`qhn¬ -˛ Fw.]n. hotc{μIpam¿

Ip©≥\ºymcpw At±-l-Øns‚ Xp≈¬IrXnIfpw ˛tUm. hn.F-kv. i¿Ω

Nncn-bpsS ]nXm-a-l≥ ˛ tUm. ]n. kn. tdmbv

Fkv. sI. s]ms‰-°m´v ˛ B¿. hniz-\m-Y≥

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-ßƒ

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Bi-b-hn-\n-abw Hcm-fn¬ \n∂v as‰m-cm-fn-te°v F∂ \ne-bn¬ \n∂v Hcm-fn¬ \n∂v ]e-cn-te°v F∂ \ne A\n-hm-cy-am-b-tXm-sS-bmWv am[y-a-ßƒ F∂ k¶-ev]-Øn\v hym]-I-amb A¿Y-ß-fp-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. hnIm-csØbpw hnNm-c-sØbpwBi-b-sØbpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ hml-I-sa∂ \ne-bn-emWv\mw mjsb am[y-a-sa∂v hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. Zn\-]-{X-ßƒ, B\p-Im-en-I-ßƒ, tdUntbm, sSen-hn-j≥ XpS-ßn-bh ]c-º-cm-KX am[y-a-ßƒ F∂p hnfn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. h‡m°ƒ°-√msXt{imXm-°ƒ°v Imcy-ambn CS-s]-Sm≥ ]‰mØ am[y-a-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p Ah. {]h¿Ø\ kml-N-cy-ßƒ°-\p-k-cn-s®-Sp-°p∂ \ne-]m-SpXd-bn¬ \n∂p-sIm≠v AXv t{]£-I-tcmSv/hmb-\-°m-tcmSv \nc-¥cw kwhZn®psIm≠n-cp-∂p. Iqń-t®¿°tem Xncp-Øtem km[y-a-√mØ hn[w kmaq-ln-Ihpwcmjv{So-bhpw aX-]-c-hp-amb ho£-W-tIm-Wn¬ AXp-d®p\n∂p. ⁄m\\nth-Z-\hpw Bi-b-t_m-[-\hpw Ah-bpsSapJy-e-£y-ambnØo¿∂p. hm¿Øm-hn-\n-a-b-Øn¬ tIhew\njv{Inb (passive) ]¶mfn am{X-am-bn-cp∂p kaqlw. F∂m¬C‚¿s\‰v ASn-ÿm-\-amb \h-am-[y-a-ß-fpsS Bhn¿`m-h-tØm-Sp-IqSn hm¿Ø-I-fn-te°v Ibdn hcp-Ibpw Ncn-{X-k-μ¿ -ß-fn¬ \n∂v AS¿Øn-sb-SpØ Adn-hp-I-fpsS aq¿® D]-tbm-Kn®v hnNm-cW sNøp-Ibpw sNøp∂ XcØn-te°v P\m-[n-]-Xy-h-¬°-cWw kw`-hn-®p. ]{X-te-JI\pw ]{Xm-[n-]cpwhmb-\-°m-c\pw H∂m-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw hm¿Ø-Iƒ kpXm-cy-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. 1995 HmsS hn≥tUmkv P\-Io-b-am-bXpwCu am‰-Øn\v B°w \¬In. kzX-{¥-tkm v‰vshb¿ {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ ap≥\n-c-{]-h¿ØIcn¬ Hcm-fmb Sow Hmsd-bnenbpwAt±-l-Øns‚ Hmsd-bnen aoUn-b-bpw tN¿∂v {]N-cn-∏n®sh_v 2.0 F∂ k¶-ev]sØ XpS¿∂mWv am[y-a-ß-fpsS ]c-º-cm-KX LS-\-bpsS IpØI XI¿∂p-t]m-b-Xv. Ft∏mƒ

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thW-sa-¶nepw {]Xn-I-cn-°m\pw tNmZyw sNøm\pw CS-s]-Sm\pw km[y-am-Ip∂ C‚¿s\-‰nse hnh-c-hn-\n-ab km[y-X-Iƒ ]pXnb Hcp am[ya k{º-Zm-b-Øn\v XpS°w Ipdn-®p.

GXp kmt¶-XnIhnZybpw Ah D≠m-b- Im-eØv ]c-º-cm-KXhgn-bn¬\n∂p amdn \S-°p∂p F∂-Xns‚ t]cn¬ hnhmZ-ßƒ£Wn-®p-h-cp-Øn-bn- p-≠v. A]-cn-Nn-X-amb F√m-‰nt\mSpw a\p-jy≥ kq£n-°p∂ BZn-a-amb bw Cu hnhm-Z-Øn\v Du¿Pw\¬In-b-Xmbn ImWmw. AtXm-sSm∏w Dd-®p-t]mb ioe-ßfpw-- CØ-c-samcp \ne-]m-Sn-te°v \sΩ \bn-°p-∂p. as‰m∂v ]c-º-cm-KX am[y-a-ß-fn¬\n∂v hyXy-kvX-ambn \h-am-[y-a-ßƒImWn-°p∂ A\u-]-Nm-cn-I-X-bpsS kz`m-h-am-Wv. CXv Ch-bpsS B[n-Im-cn-I-X-sb-°p-dn®v kwi-b-ap-f-hm-°p∂p F∂vImWmw. AtXm-sSm∏w \nb-{¥-W-an-√msX B¿Ø-e-s®-Øp∂hnh-c-{]-hmlw \ΩpsS aqey-k-¶-¬∏-Øn-t\-¬∏n-°p∂ ]cn°n-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ Bi-¶bpw \h-am-[y-a-ßsf c≠p-ssIbpw \ońkzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂p s]mXp-kaq-lsØ ]n¥n-cn-∏n-°p∂Hcp LS-I-am-Wv.

F{XXs∂ kwi-b-ß-fp-sSbpw oXn-bp-sSbpw ]n≥hn-fn-I-fm¬XS- -s∏-ń´pw \h-am-[y-a-ßƒ \ΩpsS hnh-c-hn-\n-a-b-cw-KØvÿm\-ap-d-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂v am{X-a√, ]{X-am-[y-a-ßƒt]mepw Ch-bp-ambn IÆn-tN-cp-∂ kml-N-cy-amWv ImWm≥Ign-bp∂Xv.

C‚¿s\-‰ns‚ hnIm-khpw hf¿®bpw C∂v kmam-\y-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ ka-kvX-ta-J-e-tbbpw kzm[o\n-®n-´p≠v. kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-hpw kmln-Xy-]-c-hp-amb {]Xn-I-c-W-ßƒkrjvSn-°m\pw AXn\p Ign-bp-∂p. C∂v ka-Im-enI a\pjyIYm-\p-Km-bn-Iƒ°v Cu \h-am-[y-a-ßsf IW-°n-se-Sp-tØ]‰q. ssk_¿ {]iv\-ß-fp-ambn CgtN¿∂v k¶o¿W-amb a\p-jy-a-\ v ka-Im-en-I-X-bpsS ZpxJ-am-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v Xs∂ssk_¿ {]iv\-ßƒ CXnhrØ-am-°nb cN-\-Iƒ kmln-Xy-Øn¬ ]pXp {]h-W-X-Iƒ krjvSn-®n- p-≠v. am[y-a-ßfpsSbpw\h-am-[y-a-ßfpsSbpw LS-\bpw kz`m-h-ßfpw ssk_¿{]tabw ssIImcyw sNøp∂ ]pXnb kmlnXyk¶-ev]-ßfpwCu bqWn-‰n-eqsS ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv.

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• {]Xn-_-≤-X-bp≈ Hcp ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I≥ F∂ \ne-bn¬ At±lw Chn-sS-bp-b¿Øm-\p-t±-in-°p∂ {]iv\-ß-sf-s¥m-s°-bm-Imw? eLp-N¿®.

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kzo-I-cn-°-Ww.

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hp-am-b- Im-gvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ Dƒs°m-≈p∂pt≠m? Ah-Imi{]iv\-ßsf A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-∂pt≠m?

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eLp]mcmbWØn\p kuIcyap≠m°pI apXemb Dt±iyßƒ \ndth‰p∂

AXn{lkzteJ\ßfpw o®dpIƒ-Xs∂. Chsb n√¿ t_mIvkv, ss{_‰\¿,

Fs∂√mw hnfn®phcp∂p. ]et∏mgpw Ch \¿ΩIYIfmbncn°pw.

apJyteJ\tØmSp _‘-ap≈ D]-te-J-\-ßfpw C°q´Øn¬ {]k‡ßfmWv.

Ch "]m¿izIY' (sskUv_m¿) F∂v Adnbs∏Sp∂p.

]{¥≠v

am[yaw 183

]{Xßfnepw hmcnIIfnepw ÿncambn tN¿Øphcp∂ kvXw`ßfpw (tImfw)

ô®dn-s‚ hIt`Zßƒ Bbn ]cnKWn°-s∏´phcp∂p. eoU¿ apX¬

"tPymXnj]w‡n'hsc ]e XcØnep≈ kvXw`ßƒ {]NmcØnep≠t√m.

ô®dpIfn¬ Nn{Xßƒ tN¿°p∂Xv k¿h-km[mcWamWv. \n›e-

Nn{Xßf√, -{]h¿Ø\-Nn{Xßƒ (BIvj≥t^mt´m) -- BWv A`ne-jWobw.

Hm^vsk‰v A®Sn \S∏nembtXmsS Nn{Xßƒ {]kn≤oIcn-°p∂Xn\p≈

sNehp Ipd™p;

({]iv\ßƒ ]T\ßƒ - ˛

F≥.-hn. IrjvW-hm-cnb¿)

Ad_n°p-fhpw sNΩ-cn-bm-Sp-Ifpw- a[p]m¬

]me-°m-Sns‚ G‰hpw henb i_vZw Icn-º-\bn¬ Im‰p-]n-Sn -°p-

∂Xnt‚XmWv. Xkdm-°n-te°v Hcn-°¬°qSn bm{XsNøp-tºmƒ B i_vZ-Øn\v

sNhn h´w]nSn®p. F∂m¬, AXv Xo¿Øpw Ipd™n-cn-°p-∂p. CjvSn-I-Iƒ Nps -

Sp-°m≥ G‰hpw \√ hndIv Icn-º-\-bp-tS-Xm-sW∂ Is≠-Ø-en-\p-tijw Cu

{]-tZ-i-Øp \n∂v Icn-º-\-Iƒ A{]-Xy£ambn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Icn-º-\-I-fpsS

Xntcm-[m\w \¬Inb iq\yX-bn-te-°mWv C∂v Xk-dm-°ns‚ `qan BImiw

I≠v ae¿∂p InS-°p-∂-Xv.

H. hn. hnP-bs‚ hnJ-ymX t\mh-emb "Jkm-°ns‚ CXn-lmk'Øns‚ cwK-

`q-an-sb∂v ÿm]n-°-s∏´pIgn™ ]me-°m-S≥ {Kma-amb Xk-dm-°n-te°v t]mIp-

tºmƒ B t\mh-ens‚ Bcm-[-I¿ Icn-º-\bpw Im‰pw Hń-\n∂v ]d--bp∂ IY-

Iƒ tIƒ°m≥ Xo¿®-bmbpw B{K-ln-°pw. Icn-º-\-tbm-e-IƒsIm≠v ta™

hoSp-Iƒ, Ah-bv°p-≈n¬ Ign™ {]mWn-Ifpw Pohn-Ifpw, ]mºp-Iƒ, {]tX-y-

In®pw tNc-Iƒ Ch-sb√mw henb tXmXn¬ Cu ]me-°m-S≥ {]Ir-Xn-bn¬\n∂v

A{]-X-y-£-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. CsX√mw Xk-dm°v F∂ {Kma-Øns‚ ssPhn-IX,

C∂v \ap°v "Jkm-°ns‚ CXn-lm-k'-Øns‚ Xmfp-I-fn¬ am{Xta ImWm≥ Ign-

bq.

]d-fn-bn-se Ipń-°mew apX¬ ]me-°m-S≥ {]IrXn I≠mWv Rm≥ hf¿∂n´p-

≈-Xv. Hmtcm Xh-Wbpw ChnSw kμ¿in-°p-tºmƒ C√m-Xm-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂

em≥UvkvtI-∏p-Iƒ Xs∂-bmWv I≠p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. B iq\-y-X-bn-te°v

t\m°p-tºmƒ Krlm-Xp-c-Xbp≠mIpw, Xn¿®-bmbpw ZpxJhpw. Xk-dm-°n-te°v

CXv BZybm{X-b-√. CXn-\p-apºpw ]e-t∏m-gmbn D≠m-bn- p-≠v. Hmtcm Xh-Wbpw

Cu iq\-yX h¿[n®p hcp-∂-Xm-bn-Ø-s∂-bmWv A\p-`-hn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. F¶nepw,

Xk-dm-°n-te°p≈ Hmtcm bm{X-bnepw amPn-°¬ F∂p ]d-bm-hp∂ A\p-`-h-

ßƒ D≠m-Im-dp-≠v. C°pdnbpw am‰-an-√msX AXv kw`-hn-®p.

Hcp ô®¿ amXrI ]cn-N-b-s∏Smw

ebmfw

184 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

Ip≈s‚ B¬acw

]me°mS≥ NqSv, \o‰p-∂-X-c-Øn-te-°p≈ Ak-l-\o-b-X-bn-te°v hf¿∂n-cp-∂n-√.

F¶nepw Xk-dm-°n-eq-sS Gsd t\cw Ae-™-t∏mƒ Ipd®pkabw Hcp XW-en¬

Ccn-°m≥ sImXn-®p. Jkm-°nse chn _ n-d-ßnb Ben≥X-W¬ C∂n-√. AXpw Imew

apdn-®p-am-‰n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. AtXm¿Øv \S∂v FØn-t®¿∂Xv {Kma-°-h-e-bnse B¬a-c-

Ø-W-en-te-°m-Wv. Ht∂m ct≠m Hmt´m-dn-£-Ifpw Hcp sNdnb Nmb-°-Sbpw AhnsS

D≠v. A¬∏w IqSn amdn-bmWv icn-°p≈ Aßm-Sn. Ipd-®p-t\cw B¬a-c-Ø-W-en-en-cp-

∂p. ]ns∂ Nmb-°-S-bn¬ Ib-dn. AhnsS Hcp hr≤≥ Nmb DuXn-°pSn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. IS-

°m-c≥ -A-bmsf Nq≠n ]d-™p: ""CbmfmWv B¬acw \´-Xv, \\-®p-h-f¿Øn-b-Xv.'

""amam, \ap°v Ipd-®p-t\cw B B¬ac-Ø-W-en-en-cp∂v kwkm-cn-®p-IqtS'' F∂ Fs‚

tNmZ-ysØ At±lw BÀm-Z-tØmsS kzo-I-cn-®p. H∏w h∂p.

""hosS-hn-sS-bm...?''

""Zm...... ChnsS''

""ama\m Cu B¬acw \´sX∂v Chcv ]d-™p.''

""Xs∂..... ]\-tI-‰-am-bn-cp∂p ]Wn.

Rm\v Iptd apºv ]t\ tIdn-bt∏m (ssIØ≠ ImWn-®v) Zm Ct{Xw hep-∏-Ønev

Hcp ssX I≠p. h√ Imt° sImØn-bn´v ]t\s‚ tamfnev sIm≠p-sh®v hf¿Øn-b-

Xm-hpw. hen®v ]dn®v Xmsg-bn-S-tWm∂v t\m°n. A∏-gmWv CsX-SpØv IpØn-bn-

´mtem∂v? I\mev sh≈-Øns‚ Itcev apsºmcp aq®n D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Bƒ°m¿°v

AsXmcp XW-em-bn-cp∂p

tdmUn\v hoXn Iqót∏m AXv shń-°-f-™p. Ct∏mƒ s]m´-°m‰s∂. NqSv kln-

°m≥ ]‰n√ Ipt´-y. At∏m CsX-SpØv IpØn-bn´m Hcp XW-em-Ipw. Xmsgbndßn

sh≈-Øns‚ Itc h∂t∏m am[--th-´s‚ ssIt°m´pw hmßn®v Hcp Ipgn-sb-SpØv

AXnev IpØo´v IpSnep sIń. BSpw ]iphpw Xn∂n´v t]mIm≥ ]mSn-√-t√m. aq∂p-

sIm√w sh≈w \\®v hf¿Øn-b-XmWv Zm \nßƒ ImWp∂ Bevacw. shbn-eØv

\S∂v NqSpw sIm≠v _kv ImØv \n°-tWm¿°v Hcp XWev tht≠... Rm\tX Icp-

Xn-bp-≈q...''

1991˛ ¬ \´ ]\ hf¿∂v 24 hb- n¬ FØn. Cßs\ XW¬ ]cØn \n¬°p∂p.

Ip≈\v H.hn.hnP-b-s\tbm Jkm-°ns‚ CXn-lm-k-sØ°pdnt®m Adn-bn-√. F∂m¬,

Jkm-°n¬ \n∂v hmb-\-°m-c\v Inńb B¬a-c-Ø-W¬ Ip≈≥ F∂ sXmgn-emfn

\m´p-I-h-e-bn¬ {]Xn-jvTn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p F∂p tXm∂n. G‰hpw CjvSw tXm∂p∂

]pkvX-I-ßƒ Pohn-X-Øn¬ XW-embn F∂pw h¿Øn-°p-∂p. CXm ]pkvX-I-Øn\p

]pdØv as‰mcp XW¬ Hcp km[m-c-W -a-\p-j-y≥ krjvSn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. t\mh-en\p

]pdØv as‰mcp hnØv hf-¿∂v ]¥-en®p \n¬°p-∂p.

tZiw aqe-ÿm\w

{]nbs∏´ ]pkvX-I-ßƒ hmbn-°p-Ibpw AXv kz-b-a-en™v D≈n¬ tNcp-Ibpw

sNøp-tºmƒ, {]tXy-y-In®pw t\mh-ep-Iƒ, B IrXn kw`-hn® tZiw ImWm≥ Xo¿®-

bmbpw D≈n¬ B{Klw P\n-°pw. ssh°w apl-ΩZv _jo-¿ krjvSn® tZi-ßƒ, XIgn-

bpsS sNΩo≥ kw`-hn® IS-tem-cw, Fkv.sI.bpsS AXn-cm-Wn-∏mSw, B¿.sI.\mcm-

b-Ws‚ am¬KpUn, Xk-dm°v, F≥.-]n.ap-l-Ω-Zns‚ FÆ-∏mSw, bp.F. JmZdns‚

Xrt°m´q¿, Sn.]n.-cm-Po-hs‚ ]mte-cn.... Aß-s\-bp≈ ÿe-ßƒ. F√mw C∂v Xo¿Øpw

amdn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Nne {]tZ-ißƒ Hcp \ne-bnepw a\- n-em-°n-sb-Sp-°m≥ ]‰mØ hn[w

]{¥≠v

am[yaw 185

amdn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ ]e ÿe-ß-fnepw ]pd-tØ-°√, B \mSp-I-fnse D≈-d-Ifn¬

Cu ÿe-ßƒ \ne-\n¬°p-∂p-≠v. hnZq-c-Om-b-Iƒ t]mepw ]q¿W-ambpw am™p Ign-

™p-sh∂p ]d-bm≥ ]‰mØ hn[w. ]pkvX-I-ßfn¬, hmb-\-°-mcpsS a\- p-I-fn-emWv

B {]tZ-i-ßƒ C∂pw ]q¿W-amb coXn-bn¬ \ne-\n¬°p-∂Xv. F√m cN-\-Iƒ°pw

Hcp `qan-I-bp-≠v. AXn-√msX kmln-Xyw km[yta A√. AXn¬ \n∂v a\- n-em-°m≥

Ign-bp∂ Imcyw `qan-bn¬, {]]-©-Øn¬ \S-°p∂ Imc-y-ß-sf-°p-dn-®mWv GsXmcp

Fgp-Øp-Im-c\pw Fgp-Xp-∂Xv F∂Xm-Wv.

H.hn. hnP-b≥ CXn-lm-k-Øns‚ CXn-lmkw Fs∂mcp ]pkvXIw Fgp-Xn-bn- p≠v.

AXn-sem-cn-SØpw Xk-dm°v F∂v ]d-bp-∂n-√. t\m-h-ens‚ aqe-ÿm\w F∂mWv

{]tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. 26 Znh-k-amWv hnP-b≥ Xk-dm-°n¬ Ign-™-Xv. ]n∂oSv ChnsS

\n∂p t]mbn U¬ln-bn-en-cp-∂mWv t\mh¬ Fgp-Xp-∂-Xv. AXm-bXv, henb tXmXn-

ep≈ Cwπmt‚j≥ Fgp-Øn¬ \S-∂n-´p-≠v. AXmWv Fgp-Øns‚ amPn-Iv. Fgp-Øp-

Im-cs‚ `mh-\-bpsS i‡nbpw km∂n-[-yhpw Aß-s\-bmWv \Ωƒ a\- n-em-°n-sb-

Sp-°p-∂-Xv. IYm-]m-{X-ßƒ, BJ-ym-\-co-Xn-Iƒ CsX√mw hnP-b≥ F∂ FgpØp-Im-

cs‚ k¿K-i-‡n-bnemWv cq]wsIm≈p-∂-Xv. AXmWv Fgp-Øns‚ dnb-en-kw. Xk-

dm-°n-te°v Hmtcm XhW hcp-tºmgpw C°m-cyw Hm¿t°-≠n-h-cpw.

am¿sIz-kns‚ as°mt≠m, tSmƒtÃm-bn-bpsS Fgp-Øns‚ cwK-`qan, C_vks‚

hoSv, tjIvkv]nb-dpsS `qanI˛CsX√mw C∂pw ImWm≥ Bfp-Iƒ {]h-ln-°p∂ en‰-

ddn Sqdnkw F∂p hnfn-°p∂ {]Xn- m-kw. Ata-cn-°-bn¬ \yq-sa-Ivknt°m, Acn-tkmW

XpS-ßnb ÿe-ß-fn¬ as‰mcp Xcw ImgvN-I-fp-≠v. Dt]-£n-°-s∏´ J\n-Iƒ, AW™

A·n-]¿h-X -ta-J-e-Iƒ F∂o {]tZ-i-ßfn¬, t{]X-ßƒ Ign-bp∂ ÿew. A\-y-{Kl

Pohn-Ifpw Acq-]n-Ifpw hcp∂ ÿew Fs∂m-s°-∏-d™v thW-sa-¶n¬ A‘-hn-

izmkw F∂v hnfn-°m-hp∂ Imcyß-fn-te°v a\p-j-ysc BI¿jn-°p∂ Sqdnkw. CXm

Hc-\-y-{K-l-Pohn Hcp aWn-°q¿ apºv Chn-sS-bn-cp∂v £Ww Ign®p t]mb-Xns‚ Ah-

injvSßfm-Wn-sXms° F∂v Sq¿ Hm∏-td-‰¿ ]d-bpw. s]s´∂v an∂n-Øn-f-ßp∂ shfn-

®-Øn¬ {]tX-yI Xc-Øn-ep≈ a\p-j-ycpw PohnIfpw IS-∂p-t]m-Ip∂ Zri-y-ßƒ. kXy-

Øn¬ AsXmcp sse‰v B‚v ku≠v tjm BWv. ]t£, a\p-j-y¿ F¥p-sIm≠v

AXn-te-°m-I¿jn-°-s∏-Sp-∂? Hcp mh-\m-im-en°v AXn¬ \n∂p, NneXv Dƒs°m-≈m-

\p-≠mIpw. bp≤-`q-anbpw ]oU-\-ap-d-Ifpw XS-h-d-Ifpw ImWm≥ ]ecpw t]mIm-dp-≠v.

Rm\nXv ]d-™Xv a\p-j-y¿ ]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈ bm{XIfpw kμ¿i-\-ßfpw ]p\ μ¿i-

\-ßfpw B{K-ln-°p-∂p-s≠∂v kqNn-∏n-°m-\m-Wv. bm{X-bn-emWv GsXmcp a\p-j-y-\n-

sebpw mh-\m-imen DW-cp-∂-Xv. Hcp kmln-X-y-Ir-Xnsb a‰v Iemcq]-ß-fnepw ImWm≥

a\p-j-y¿ B{K-ln-°p-∂p≠v. AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂bmWv {]i-kvX-ß-fmb IrXn-Iƒ°v

kn\na \mSIcq]-ap-≠m-Ip∂Xv. AXv tIhe AUm-]vt‰-j≥ A√, Cwπm‚nMv, do{In-

tb-j≥ F∂ \ne-bn-emWv ImtW-≠-Xv. F∂m¬ Nne IrXn-Isf kn\n-atbm \mS-

Itam B°m≥ ]‰n-√. hmb-\-°m-cpsS a\- n¬ Ah A{Xbpw hf-¿∂p Ign-™n-´p-

≠m-Ipw. Jkm°v kn\n-a-bm-°m≥ ]‰n-s√-∂mWv Hcp kn\nam{]h-¿-Ø-I≥ F∂ \ne-

bn¬ Fs‚ tXm∂¬.

AXn-cn-°s´, AXXv \m´p-Im-cmWv Xß-fpsS \mSns\ temI-Øn\p ap∂n¬ Ah-

Xcn-∏n® {]Xn-`-I-fpsS Hm¿ΩIƒ kwc-£n-°m≥ ap∂n-ep-≈-Xv.

.....................

ebmfw

186 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

B \mńShgn-bn¬

Jkm-°nse Rm‰p-]p-c, ]≈n, Ad-_n-°p-fw, GIm-[ym-]I hnZym-ebw F∂nh IjvSn

100 ao‰¿ \of-ap≈ Hcp \mń-S-h-gn-bn-emWv \n¬°p-∂-Xv. ]t£, CXp-hgn \S-∂p-t]m-

hp-Ibpw Pohn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-hsc t\m-h-en¬ ImWp-tºmƒ Hcp s]cp-ºm-X-bn-

emWv IY \S-∂-sX∂v \ap°v tXm∂pw. `mh-\-bpsS hnkvXrXn F¥p-am{Xw Bg-ß-

sfbpw ]c∏pI-sfbpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂p F∂v Hmtcm Xk-dm°v bm{X-bnepw Cu ÿß-

fn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-tºmƒ Hm¿°pw.

Iebpw kmln-Xyhpw a\p-jy-Po-hn-XsØ ]I¿Ønb hnkvXrXn B \mń-S-h-gn-I-fn-

eq-sS-bp≈ \SØw ho≠pw h¿[n-∏n-®p. AhnsS ]oSn-I-ap-dn-bn¬ IpSpw-_-tØm-sSm∏w

Xma-kn-°p∂ Pam¬ Cu \mń-S-hgn Sm¿ sNøm-Ø-Xn-s\-°p-dn®pw IpSn-sh≈w In´m-

Ø-Xn-s\-°p-dn®pw ]cm-Xn-s∏-´p. Bcpw Cu {]tZ-i-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\ kuIcy hnI-

k-\-Øn¬ Xm¬∏cy-sa-Sp-°p-∂n-√. Jkm-°n-s\bpw H. hn. hnP-b-s\bpw Ipdns®m-s°

Fgp--Xp-tºmƒ Rß-fpsS {]iv\-sØ-°p-dn®v ]d-™m¬ klm-b-I--am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v

Pam¬ kqNn-∏n-®p.

]≈nbpw B IS-ap--dn-Ifpw

Xk-dm-°nse ]gb ]≈n s]mfn®p ]Wn-Xn- p-≠v. GIm-[ym-]I hnZym-ebw \S-∂ncp∂

ÿew (aq∂p IS-ap-dn-Iƒ) Ct∏mƒ IpSpw-_-ßƒ Xma-kn-°p∂ hmSI hoSp-I-fmbn

amdn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Jkm-°n¬ Pn∂p-Ifpw C^vcoØp-Ifpw \ocm-Sm≥ Cd-ßnb Ad-_n-

°pfw (]≈n-°p-fw) ]®-∏m-b¬ aqSn-°n-S-°p-∂p. B Ipfhpw hnP-bs‚ `mh-\-bn-emWv

F{Xtbm hnkvXr-Xn-bn-te°v hf¿∂-sX∂v AXv ImWp-tºmƒ a\- n-em-Ipw. ]≈n°pw

IS-ap-dn-Iƒ°pw CS-bn¬ Zmdp¬ Deqw aZvdk {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. A≈m-∏n® sam√m-°-

bpsS Ime-Sn-Iƒ Ct∏mgpw AhnsS kv]μn-°p-∂-Xmbpw Jmfn-bm¿ AXp-hgn \S-∂-I-

ep-∂-Xmbpw tXm∂n.

A≈m-∏n-®-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]Wn-°m-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

Be-Øq-cn¬ cmP-tKm-]m-e-ta-t\ms\ I≠p. Xk-dm-°nse GIm-[ym-]nI hnZym-

ebØnse BZy A[ym-]-I≥. AhnsS tPmen-sN-bv-XmWv At±-lw A[ym-]-I-hrØn

Bcw-`n-®-Xv. tat\ms‚ k¿hokv _p°n¬ BZy-h-cn-bn¬ AXv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.

A≈m-∏n® sam√m° am{X-amWv bYm¿Y IYm-]m-{X-sa∂v At±lw ]d-™p. a‰p-≈-

h-sc√mw `mh-\-bm-Wv. GIm-[ym-]I hnZym-ebw XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ kvIqƒ ASn-®p-hm-

cm\pw Hcp-°m\pw F∂pw klm-bn-®n-cp-∂Xv sam√m-°-bm-bn-cp-∂p. henb klmbn

Bbn-cp-∂p. Ipń-Isf kvIqfn¬ FØn-°p-∂-Xnepw henb Xm¬∏-cy-am-bn-cp∂p. \√

ASp-∏-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p.

F∂m¬, Jkm°v Hcp \√ IrXn-bm-sW∂v tat\m\v A`n-{]m-b-an-√. th≠mØ

]e Nn{Xo-I-c-W-ßfpw AXn¬ IS-∂p-IqSn F∂mWv At±-l-Øns‚ hna¿i-\w.

]S-sa-Sp-°-cp-Xv. BSp-Iƒ°v Zo\w hcpw

]≈n°pw aZvd-kbv°pw FXn¿h-i-Øp≈ ]mSØv sNΩ-cn-bm-Sn≥ Iq´w tabp-∂p-≠v.

sNΩ-cn-bm-Sp-Ifpw Xmdm-hn≥ Iq -ßfpw ]me-°m-Sns‚ {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. Iq -ßƒ D≈-

sX∂ tXm∂¬ ]e¿°p-ap-≠v. AXp icn-b-√. sNΩ-cn-bm-Sp-Iƒ°v \Sp-hn¬\n∂v

t^mt´m FSp-Øm¬ \∂m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v t^mt´m-{K-^¿ apkvX^ B{Klw {]I-Sn-∏n-

®p. BIm-at√m F∂v kΩ-Xn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]t£, CS-b≥ XS-™p. BSp-I-fpsS

]S-sa-Sp-°-cp-Xv, Aßs\ sNbvXm¬ Ah Zo\w-h∂v NØp-t]m-Ipw. apX-emfn

]{¥≠v

am[yaw 187

]d-™n-´p-≠v, ]S-sa-Sp-°-cp-sX-∂v. apºv CØ-c-Øn¬ Hcmƒ t^mt´m-I-sf-Sp-Ø-

t∏mƒ BSp NØp-t]m-b-X-mbpw Abmƒ ]d-™p. A‘-hn-izm-k-ßƒ°pw Xk-

dm-°ns‚ Bg-ß-fn¬ thtcm-´-ap-≈-Xm-Wv. ]S-sa-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bmØ-Xn¬

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Full text of Sachin Tendulkar's farewell speech atWankheda StadiumSaturday, 16 November 2013 - 8: 34 pm IST Place :Mumbai Agency : DNA

All my friends. Settle down let me talk, I will get more and more emotional(crowd gets louder as he composes himself). My life, between 22 yards for 24years, it is hard to believe that that wonderful journey has come to an end, butI would like to take this opportunity to thank people who have played animportant role in my life. Also, for the first time in my life I am carrying this list,to remember all the names in case I forget someone. I hope you understand.It's getting a little bit difficult to talk but I will manage.

The most important person in my life, and I have missed him a lot since1999 when he passed away, my father. Without his guidance, I don't think Iwould have been standing here in front of you. He gave me freedom at the ageof 11, and told me that [I should] chase my dreams, but make sure you do notfind shortcuts. The path might be difficult but don't give up, and I have simplyfollowed his instructions. Above all, he told me to be a nice human being,which I will continue to do and try my best. Every time I have done somethingspecial [and] showed my bat, it was [for] my father.

My mother, I don't know how she dealt with such a naughty child like me.I was not easy to manage. She must be extremely patient. For a mother, themost important thing is that her child remains safe and healthy and fit. Thatwas what she was most bothered and worried about. She took care of me forthe last 24 years that I have played for India, but even before that she startedpraying for me the day I started playing cricket. She just prayed and prayed

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and I think her prayers and blessings have given me the strength to go out andperform, so a big thank you to my mother for all the sacrifices.

In my school days, for four years, I stayed with my uncle and aunt because myschool was quite far from my home, and they treated me like their son. My aunt,after having had a hard day's play, I would be half asleep and she would befeeding me food so I could go again and play tomorrow. I can't forget thesemoments. I am like their son and I am glad it has continued to be the same way.

My eldest brother, Nitin, and his family, have always encouraged me. Myeldest brother doesn't like to talk much, but the one thing he always told me isthat whatever you do, I know you will always give it 100%, and that I have fullfaith and confidence in you. His encouragement meant a lot to me. My sister,Savita, and her family, was no different. The first cricket bat of my life was pre-sented to me by my sister. It was a Kashmir willow bat. But that is where thejourney began. She is one of those many who still continue to fast when I bat, sothank you very much.

Ajit, my brother, now what do I talk about him? I don't know. We have livedthis dream together. He was the one who sacrificed his career for my cricket. Hespotted the spark in me. And it all started from the age of 11 when he took me toArchrekar sir, my coach, and from there on my life changed. You will find thishard to believe but even last night he called to discuss my dismissal, knowingthat there was a remote chance of batting again, but just the habit we have devel-oped, the rapport we have developed, since my birth, has continued and it willcontinue. Maybe when I'm not playing cricket we will still be discussing tech-nique.

Various things we agreed upon, my technique, and so many technical thingswhich I didn't agree with him, we have had arguments and disagreements, butwhen I look back at all these things in my life, I would have been a lesser crick-eter.

The most beautiful thing happened to me in 1990 when I met my wife, Anjali.Those were special years and it has continued and will always continue that way.I know Anjali, being a doctor; there was a wonderful career in front of her. Whenwe decided to have a family, Anjali took the initiative to step back and say that'you continue with your cricket and I will take the responsibility of the family'.

Without that, I don't think I would have been able to play cricket freely andwithout stress. Thanks for bearing with all my fuss and all my frustrations, and allsorts of rubbish that I have spoken. Thanks for bearing with me and always stay-ing by my side through all the ups and downs. You are the best partnership I'vehad in my life.

Then, the two precious diamonds of my life, Sara and Arjun. They have al-

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ready grown up. My daughter is 16, my son is 14. Time has flown by. I wantedto spend so much time with them on special occasions like their birthdays,their annual days, their sports day, going on holidays, whatever. I have missedout on all those things. Thanks for your understanding. Both of you have beenso, so special to me you cannot imagine. I promise you [that] for 14 and 16years I have not spent enough time with both of you, but the next 16 years oreven beyond that, everything is for you.

My in-laws, Anand Mehta and Annabel, both have been so, so supportive[and] loving and caring. I have discussed on various things in life, generallywith them, and have taken their advice. You know, it's so important to have astrong family who is always with you and who are guiding you. Before youstart clapping, the most important thing they did was allowing me to marryAnjali, so thank you very much.

In the last 24 years that I have played for India I have made new friends,and before that I have had friends from my childhood. They have all had aterrific contribution. As and when I have called them to come and bowl to meat the nets, they have left their work aside to come and help me. Be it joiningme on holidays and having discussions with me on cricket, or how I was a littlestressed and wanting to find a solution so I can perform better.

All those moments my friends were with me. Even for when I was injured,I would wake up in the morning because I couldn't sleep and thought that mycareer was over because of injuries, that is when my friends have woken up at3 o'clock in the morning to drive with me and make me believe that my careerwas not over. Life would be incomplete without all those friends. Thanks forbeing there for me.

My cricket career started when I was 11. The turning point of my careerwas when my brother (Ajit) took me to Achrekar sir. I was extremely delightedto see him up in the stands. Normally he sits in front of the television and hewatches all the games that I play. When I was 11/12, those were the days whenI used to hop back on his scooter and play a couple of practice matches a day.The first half the innings I would be batting at Shivaji Park, the second half, atsome other match in Azad Maidan. He would take me all over Mumbai tomake sure I got match practice.

On a lighter note, in the last 29 years, sir has never ever said 'well played'to me because he thought I would get complacent and I would stop workinghard. Maybe he can push his luck and wish me now, well done on my career,because there are no more matches, sir, in my life. I will be witnessing cricket,and cricket will always stay in my heart, but you have had an immense contri-bution in my life, so thank you very much.

My cricket for Mumbai started right here on this ground, the Mumbai Cricket

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Association (MCA), which is so dear to me. I remember landing from NewZealand at four o'clock in the morning, and turning up for a game here ateight o'clock just because I wanted to be a part of Mumbai cricket, and notthat somebody forced me. That was for the love of Mumbai cricket, andthank you very much. The president is here so thank you very much, alongwith your team, for taking care of me and looking after my cricket.

The dream was obviously to play for India, and that is where my associa-tion with BCCI started. BCCI was fantastic, right from my debut they be-lieved in my ability and selecting me into the squad at the age of 16 was abig step, so thanks to all the selectors for having faith in me and the BCCI forgiving me the freedom to express myself out in the middle. Things wouldhave been different if you had not been behind me, and I really appreciateyour support. Especially when I was injured, you were right with me andmaking sure that all the treatments were taken care of, and that I got fit andfine and playing [right] back for India.

The journey has been special, the last 24 years, I have played with manysenior cricketers, and even before that there were many senior cricketerswith whom I watched on television. They inspired me to play cricket, and toplay in the right way. Thanks to all those senior cricketers, and unfortu-nately I have not been able to play with them, but I have high regards for alltheir achievements and all their contributions.

We see it on the mega-screen, Rahul, Laxman, Sourav, and Anil, who isnot here, and my team-mates right here in front me. You are like my familyaway from home. I have had some wonderful times with you. It is going tobe difficult to not be part of the dressing room, sharing those special mo-ments. All the coaches for their guidance, it has been special for me. I knowwhen MS Dhoni presented me the 200th Test match cap on Day One morn-ing. I had a brief message for the team. I would like to repeat that. I just feelthat all of us are so, so fortunate and proud to be part of the Indian cricketteam and serving the nation.

Knowing all of you guys, I know you will continue to serve the nation inthe right spirit and right values. I believe we have been the lucky ones to bechosen by the Almighty to serve this sport. Each generation gets this oppor-tunity to take care of this sport and serve it to the best of our ability. I havefull faith in you to continue to serve the nation in the right spirit and to thebest of your ability, to bring all the laurels to the country. All the very best.

I would be failing in my duties if I did not thank all the doctors, thephysios, the trainers, who have put this difficult body together to go back onthe field and be able to play. The amount of injuries that I have had in mycareer, I don't know how you have managed to keep me fit, but without

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your special efforts, it would never have happened. The doctors have metme at weird hours. I mean I have called them from Mumbai to Chennai,Mumbai to Delhi, I mean wherever. They have just taken the next flight andleft their work and families to be with me, which has allowed me to play. Soa big thank you to all three of you for keeping me in good shape.

My dear friend, late Mark Mascarenhas, my first manager. We unfortu-nately lost him in a car accident in 2001, but he was such a well-wisher ofcricket, my cricket, and especially Indian cricket. He was so passionate. Heunderstood what it takes to represent a nation and gave me all the space togo out and express myself, and never pressurised me to do this ad or promo-tion or whatever the sponsors demanded. He took care of that and today Imiss him, so thank you Mark for all your contribution.

My current management team, WSG, for repeating what Mark has done,because when I signed the contract I exactly told them what I want fromthem, and what it requires to represent me. They have done that and re-spected that.

Someone who has worked closely with me for 14 years is my manager,Vinod Nayudu. He is more like my family and all the sacrifices, spendingtime away from his family for my work, has been special, so big thank youto his family as well for giving up so much time for my work with Vinod.

In my school days, when I performed well, the media backed me a lot.They continue to do that till this morning. Thank you so much to the mediafor supporting and appreciating my performances. It surely had a positiveeffect on me. Thank you so much to all the photographers as well for thosewonderfully captured moments that will stay with me for the rest of my life,so a big thank you to all the photographers.

I know my speech is getting a bit too long (crowd roars with 'noooo'),but this is the last thing I want to say. I want to thank all the people here whohave flown in from various parts of the world, and have supported me end-lessly, whether I scored a 0 or a 100-plus. Your support was so dear to meand meant a lot to me. Whatever you have done for me.

I know I have met so many guys who have fasted for me, prayed for me,done so much for me. Without that life wouldn't have been like this for me.I want to thank you from the bottom of my heart, and also say that time hasflown by rather quickly, but the memories you have left with me will alwaysbe with me forever and ever, especially "Sachin, Sachin" which will rever-berate in my ears till I stop breathing. Thank you very much. If I have missedout on saying something, I hope you understand. Goodbye.

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hn.B¿. {]t_m-[-N-{μ≥ F¨]Xp-I-fpsS a[y-Øn¬ FgpXnb Hcp teJ-\-amWv "am[y-a-hn-Nmcw.' Cu teJ\w {][m-\-ambpw ]c-º-cm-KX am[y-a-ß-sf-°p-dn-®mWv {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂Xv. F∂m¬ A∂v ae-bm-fn°v Gd-°ptd A]-cn-Nn-X-am-bn-cp∂ C‚¿s\-‰ns‚ km[y-X-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ kqN-\-Ifpw teJ-I≥ apt∂m´vhbv°p-∂p-≠v. C∂v km[m-c-W-°m-c-\p-t]mepw C‚¿s\‰v km[y-X-Iƒ Ic-K-X-am-hp-Ibpw \nXy-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ Ah ÿm\w ]nSn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw Cu hf¿®bpsS ê-ambn \h-am-[y-a-ßfpw Ah-bpsS km[y-X-Ifpwhfsc Xm¬∏cy-]q¿hw {i≤n-°p-Ibpw D]-tbm-Kn°pIbpw sNøp∂ Hcp kaq-l-sØ-bmWv hn.sI.-B-Z¿iv "\h-am-[y-a-ßƒ: i‡nbpw km[y-Xbpw F∂ teJ-\-Øn-eqsS A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøp-∂-Xv.

]c-º-cm-KX am[y-a-ßƒ t\cn-Sp∂ {][m\ sh√p-hnfn KpWhpw BI¿j-IXzhpwH∂n-®p-sIm≠pt]mIpI F∂XmWv. ]e-t∏mgpw hncp-≤-ÿm-\Øv \n¬°p∂ Cuc≠p LS-I-ßsf ka-\z-bn-∏n-°msX am[y-a-ßƒ°v apt∂m´v t]mIm-\m-In-√. ]c-ky-ßƒ am[y-a-ß-fpsS A\n-hm-cy-L-S-I-am-Wv. F√m ]c-ky-ßfpw AXn-i-tbm-‡n-]-c-amb hnh-c-ß-fm-h-W-sa-∂n-√. AXns\ X≈n-°-f-bm\pw ]‰n√, ImcWwhnZym-`ymkw, BtcmKyw, tdmUvkpc£ XpS-ßnb k¿°m¿hI ]c-ky-ßƒ P\-ßƒ°v KpW-I-c-am-Wv. \mw Pohn-°p∂ temI-Øns‚ kw{Klw {]k-‡-ambka-b-Øns‚ G‰hpw ASpØ _nμp-hn¬\n∂psIm≠v am[y-a-ßƒ \ap°v \¬Ip-∂p. Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIv am[y-a-ß-fpsS {]Nmcw \ΩpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ henb kzm[o\wsNep-Øp-∂p-≠v. Ahsb Hgn-hm-°ns°m≠p≈ PohnXw Nn¥n-°m≥ t]mepw]‰mXmbn-cn-°p-∂p. Bibhn\n-a-b-Øns‚ IWn-i-X- am[y-a-ßƒ t\cn-Sp∂ as‰mcp{][m\ {]iv\-amWv. "B\-]p-dØp Ib-dp-∂Xpw' "B\-∏p-dØp Ib-dp-∂Xpw' c≠m-W-t√m. temI-sa-ºmSpw Bibhn\n-abcwK-Øp-≠mb hºn® hf¿® teJ-I≥Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂p. Sn.hn.bpsS {]Nmcw At±lw FSpØp ]d-bp-∂p. hnh-c-hn-\n-ab cwKØv {KŸ-im-e-I-fpsS {]k‡n Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®p-sIm≠v tUm.{]t_m[˛N{μ≥ Iºyq-´-dn-te-°pw XpS¿∂p hcm-\n-cn-°p∂ Zi-I-ß-fpsS am[y-a-ambC‚¿s\‰v km[yXIfn-te°pw Zo¿L-Z¿i\w sNøp∂p. F√m Adn-hp-I-fpw ssI∏n-Sn-bn-sem-Xp-°pIbpw ÿe-Im-e-ß-fpsS k¿hkm[m-c-W-amb AXn-cp-Iƒ ewLn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ \h-am-[yakm[y-X-Isf {]Xym-im-]q¿hw At±lw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

tUm. {]-t_m[N{μ≥ ]d™p \n¿Øn-bn-SØp\n∂mWv hn.sI.-B-Z¿iv Bcw`n˛°p∂-Xv. \h-am-[y-a-ßƒ F∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ kmaq-lnIam[yaw F∂v ssk_¿ CS-ß-fnse kzX-{¥m-hn-jvIm-c-Øn-\p≈ ÿe-ßsf hnti-jn-∏n-°m-sa∂v BZ¿iv]d-bp∂p. _lp-kz-c-X-bpsS i‡nbpw Zu¿_eyhpw Htckabw Dƒs°m-≈p∂FUn-‰n-ßn\pw CcpØw h∂ `mj F∂ k¶-ev]-Øn\pw AXo-X-amb H∂mWvkmaq-lnIam[y-a-ßƒ. am[y-a- m-j-I-fpsS hm¿∏pamXr-I-Isf XI¿Øv DØ-a-ÿm-\Øp\n∂v t\cn´v ssk_¿ temI-tØ-°p -I-b-dp-∂-h-bmWv, kmaq-lnIam[y-a-ß-fnse hm¿Ø-Iƒ. AtXm-sSm∏w mj-bpsS am\Ik¶-ev]sØ AXv XI¿sØ-

]{¥≠v

am[yaw 195

dn-bp-∂p. {]mtZ-in-I-`m-j-Iƒ AXn-i-‡-ambn IS∂phcp-∂p. hm¿Ø-Iƒ kwhm-Z-Øn-te°v ]S-cp∂ kz`m-hhpw anI® t]mÃ-dp-I-fpsS km∂n-[yhpw ^n^vØvFtÃ‰v F∂ hnti-j-W-Øn\v kmaq-lnIam[y-a-ßsf A¿l-am-°p-∂p. hy‡n-bn¬\n∂v kzm`m-hn-I-ambnØs∂ Fgp-Øp-Im-c-\n-te°v hf-cp∂ ÿnXn kmaqlnIam[y-a-ß-fnep-≠v. AtX-k-abw kmaq-lnIam[y-a-ß-fpsS Zpcp-]-tbmKw Ip‰-IrXy-ß-fpsS km[yX IqSn Xpd-°p-∂p≠v F∂pw Xncn-®-dn-tb-≠-Xp-≠v.

]pXnb am[y-a-ß-fpsS G‰hpw henb i‡n AXv krjvSn® P\m-[n-]Xy ]cn-k-c-am-Wv. Bscbpw \nc-¥-c-amb \nco-£-W-Øn\pw hnNm-c-Wbv°pw AXv hnt[-b-am-°p-∂p. Ncn{Xw Xnc™v hkvXp-X-I-fpsS ]n≥_-e-tØmsS a¿ΩØv sIm≈p∂tNmZyw tNmZn-°m\pw am[y-a-kr-jvSn-sb∂v ]d™v Hgn™pamdp-∂-hsc Xpd∂pIm´m\pw C‚¿s\‰v hnh-c-∏p-c-Iƒ km[m-c-W-°msc {]m]vX-cm-°p-∂p. AtX-t]msekam-\-ambn Nn¥n-°p-∂-h¿°v cay-s∏-Sm\pw kmaq-lnI {]h¿Ø-\-Øn-te°vAØcw Iq´m-bva-Isf hf¿Øm\pw Ahbv°v Ign-bpw. BZy-Ime am[y-a-ß-fn¬\n∂m-cw- n®v kmaq-lnIam[y-a-ß-fnseØn \n¬°p∂ \ΩpsS hnh-c-hn-\n-ab kwhn-[m-\-Øns‚ hnkva-b-I-c-amb hf¿®bpw AXns‚ km[y-X-Ifpw A]-I-S-ßfpwCu `mKØv \ap°v ]cn-N-b-s∏-Smw.-

]mT-Øn-te°v

c≠paq∂v Znh-k-ß-fnse am[ya-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ \nco-£n-°p-Ibpw Ah P\-{i-≤-bm-I¿jn-°p-∂-Xn\v kzoI-cn-°p∂ X{¥-ßƒ F¥m-sW∂v Is≠-Øp-IbpwsNøs´. AtX-t]mse hm¿Ø-IfpsSbpw ka-Im-enIkw -h-ß-fp-sSbpw A\p-c-W-\-ßƒ kmaq-lnIam[y-a-ßƒ Fßs\ Gs‰-Sp-°p-∂p-sh∂v \nco-£n°s´.

♦ ]{X-am-[y-a-ßƒ (Ht∂m ct≠m apJy-[m-cm-]-{X-ßƒ)♦ Sn.hn. (hm¿ØmNm\-ep-Iƒ°v {]m[m\yw \¬Imw).♦ tdUntbm (F^v.-Fw. Dƒs∏-sS)♦ t^kv_p°v, Szn‰¿♦ hmSvkv A∏v

• ¢mkv 5 {Kq∏p-I-fm-bn- Hmtcm N¿®mkqN\ Hcp {Kq∏n\v F∂ \ne-bn¬ \¬IpI.

• N¿®-bn¬ Dcp-Øn-cn™ Bi-b-ßƒ A[ym-]nI t{ImUo-I-cn-°p-∂p.

]c-º-cm-KXam[y-a-ßfpw \h-am-[y-a-ßfpw P\-Po-hn-X-sØ- kzm-[o-\n-°p-∂p≠v.

\h-am-[y-a-ßƒ Bi-b-ßƒ thK-Ønepw kzX-{¥-ambpw P\-ß-fn-se-Øn-°p-∂p.

]c-º-cm-KXam[y-a-ß-fn¬ hnj-b-ß-fpsS Xnc-s™-Sp∏pw FUn-‰nßpw \S-°p-∂p-≠v.

\ham[y-a-ßƒ CXn¬\n∂pw hyXy-kvX-amWv.

am[y-a-hn-Nm-cw, \h-am-[y-a-ßƒ : i‡nbpw km[y-Xbpw F∂nh hmbn-°m≥]d-bp-∂p.

ebmfw

196 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

-\nco-£W°pdn∏v Xbm-dm-°pI

{]t_m-[-N-{μ≥ 1980˛ IfpsS a[y-Øn-se-gp-Xnb am-[y-a-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ ]T-\-Øn¬ F¥p [¿ΩamWv Ah \n¿h-ln-°p∂sX∂ {]iv\w A[ym-]nI¢mkn¬ D∂-bn-°p-∂p.

• eLpN¿® ˛ Ht∂m ct≠m t]cpsS {]Xn-I-c-W-ßƒ.

A`n-{]m-b-Øn¬ hcm-hp-∂h

]c-º-cm-KX am[y-a-ßƒ, AXns‚ khnti-j-X-Iƒ, hyXykvX hn`m-K-ßsf Fßs\ A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøp-∂p F∂nh Cu teJ\w ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂p.

]ckyw am[y-a-Ønse `mj F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®v hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p. hfsc i‡hpw A`n-{]mbcq]o-I-c-W-Øn¬ C∂pw \n¿Wm-bI ]¶phln-

°p∂hbp-amWv ]c-º-cm-KX am[y-a-ßƒ. Cu teJ\w `mhn-bnse am[yakz`m-h-sØ-°p-dn®v kqN\ \¬Ip-∂p-≠v.

t{ImUo-I-cWw

F¨]-Xp-I-fpsS ]Ip-Xn-bn¬ Sn.hn. Nm\-ep-Iƒ {]Nm-c-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ae-bm-f-Ønse BZy kzImcy Nm\¬ kwt{]-jWw sXmÆq-dp-I-fn¬Bcw-`n-°p-∂-tX-bp-≈q.

Sn.hn. t]mepw A]q¿h-amb kμ¿`-Øn¬ Iºyq-´¿ F∂ kwhn-[m\wkm[m-cW tIc-fo-b¿°v tI´-dn-hv am{Xambn-cp-∂p.

B kml-N-cy-Øn-emWv tUm. hn. B¿. {]t_m-[-N-{μ≥ C‚¿s\‰v F∂,hm¿Øm-hn-\n-ab cwKsØ ]pXnb hnkva-bsØ B t]cv ]d-bmsX kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

\nanjw {]Xn hnIkn°p∂ C‚¿s\‰v F∂ ]pXnb hnhc hn\n-abkm[yX-bpsS XpS-°-am-bn-cp∂p At±lw kqNn-∏n-®-Xv.

• am[y-a-tem-IØv A∂p≠m-bn-cp∂ ]pXp\mºp-I-fpsS {]m[m\yw teJ-I≥ Xncn-®-dn™psh∂v a\- n-em°n \nco-£-W-°p-dn∏vv Xbm-dm-°p-I.

-Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°p-I

• hfsc {][m-\-s∏´ kw`-h-ambn Ign-™mgvN am[y-a-ßƒ N¿®sNbvXXvF¥mWv? F¥p-sIm-≠mWv AXv hfsc {][m-\-s∏- -Xm-sW∂v \ap°v tXm∂n-bXv? at‰-sX√mw Xc-Øn¬ hy‡n-Po-hn-XsØ am[y-a-ßƒ kzm[o-\n-°p-∂p-≠v?

• Ht∂m ct≠m {]Xn-I-c-W-ß-fmhmw.

N¿®-bn¬ htc≠h

]{X-Øns‚ ap≥t]-Pnepw Sn.hn. hm¿Ø-I-fn¬ A[n-I-k-a-bhpw \o°n-h-bv°-s∏´ kw`-hßƒ {]m[m-\y-tØmsS kzoI-cn-°p-∂p.

t\cn v kw -h-Øns‚ e-a-\p- -hn-°p-∂n-s√-¶nepw ]{X-am-[y-a-ßfpw Sn.-hnbpwsImSp-°p∂ {]m[m\yw kw`-h-hp-ambn \ap°v hfsc ASp-∏-ap≈XmbntXm∂p∂p. DNn-X-amb DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ Ipń-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´.

]{¥≠v

am[yaw 197

Ch-bn¬ NneXv am{Xw hfsc thKw \ΩpsS {i≤-bn¬\n∂v ad-™p-t]m-Ipw. Nne-Xm-Is´ Zo¿L-Ime-êw \ne-\n-¿Øp-Ibpw sNøpw.

am[y-a-ß-fn¬ Bhn-jvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Pohn-Xw \sΩ kzm[o-\n-°p-∂p-≠v. ]c-ky-ßƒ \ΩpsS A`n-cp-Nnsb kzm[o-\n-°p-∂p.

t{ImUo-I-cWw

kw`-h-Øns‚ Ncn-{X-]-ctam kmaq-ln-Itam Bb {]m[m-\y-Øn-\p-]cn am[y-a-ßƒ Ahsb Fßs\ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂p F∂Xv {][m-\-am-Wv.

\ΩpsS at\m-`m-h-sØbpw aqey-t_m-[-ß-sfbpw kzm[o-\n-°m≥ am[y-a-ßƒ°v Ignbp∂p.

am[y-a-ß-fn¬ kocn-b¬, ]ckyw XpS-ßn-b-h-bn-eqsS Bhn-jvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂Pohn-X-am-Xr-I-Iƒ \sΩ kzm[o-\n-°p-∂p.

am[y-akzm[o-\-sØ-∏‰n "am[y-a-hn-Nmcw' F∂ ]mT- mKw ap≥ \n¿Øn Ipdn∏vXbm-dm-°p-I.

-A]-{K-Y\-°p-dn∏v

• "C∂v Adn-hp-Iƒ ssIam-dm≥ \mw kzoI-cn-°p∂ am¿K-ß-tfh? G‰hpw efn-Xhpw thK-Ønepw s]mXp-hn-j-b-ßƒ \mw ssIam-dp-∂-sX-ßs\? F∂o tNmZy-ßƒ A[ym-]nI D∂-bn-°p-∂p.

• Ht∂m ct≠m {]Xn-I-c-W-ßƒ

hmSvkv B∏vt]mep≈ kwhn-[m\ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. t^kv _p°v, Szn‰¿ XpS-ßnb \h-am-[y-a-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p Fkv.-Fw.-Fk.v D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

• ]c-º-cm-KX am[y-a-ß-fpsS coXnbpw ta¬kq-Nn-∏n® \h-am-[y-a-ß-fpsS coXnbpwXΩn¬ GsX√mw Xe-Øn¬ hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. "\h-am-[y-a-ßƒ:i‡nbpw km[y-X-Ifpw' F∂ ]mT-`m-K-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hne-bn-cp-Ømw. {Kq∏p-N¿®. ¢mkv \mev {Kq∏mhm≥ \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p. {Kq∏-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ A`n-{]m-b-{]-I-S-\-Øn\v Ah-kcw \¬Ip-∂p. {Kq∏v {]h¿Ø-\-Øn-eqsSkzmwio-I-cn® Bi-b-ßƒ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn t{ImUo-I-cWw \n¿h-ln°mw.

am[y-a-hm¿Ø-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°p∂ ]Xn-hp-ssi-en-Iƒ \h-am-[y-a-ßƒ ]n¥p-S-cp-∂n-√.

FUn-‰¿ F∂ k¶¬∏w A\y-am-Ip-∂p. \h-am-[y-a-ß-fn¬ hm¿Ø-Iƒ \nc-¥chnNm-c-Wbv°v hnt[-b-am-Ip-∂p. hm¿Øbpw AXns‚ {]Xn-I-c-W-ßfpw IÆn-tN¿Øp hf-cp∂ coXn \h-am-

[y-a-ß-fpsS hm¿Øm-h-X-c-W-Øn\v kPo-hX \¬Ip-∂p. kzX-{¥-amb BhnjvIm-c-Øn\v kzmX{¥yw e`n-°p-∂p. Iqń-t®¿°-ep-Iƒ \h-am-[y-a-ß-fn¬ km[y-am-Wv. hmb-\-°m-c\pw Fgp-Øp-Im-c\pw F∂ th¿Xn-cnhv \h-am-[y-a-ß-fn-en-√. Hcp hkvXp-X-bpsS n∂-X-e-ßƒ \ham[y-a-ßfn¬ Bhn-jvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂p. ]c-º-cm-KXam[y-a-ß-fpsS B[n-Im-cn-I-`mhw ]pe¿Øp-∂n-√. kam\ Nn¥m-K-Xn-°msc Htc Nc-Sn¬ tIm¿°m\pw kmaq-ly-am-‰-Øn\v hgn-

sbm-cp-°m\pw \h-am-[y-a-ßƒ°v Ign-bpw.

ebmfw

198 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

• Is≠-Ønb Bi-b-ßƒ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn A]-{K-Y-\-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°mw.

-eLp D]-\ymkw

• t\ctØ N¿®-sNbvXv Is≠-Ønb hkvXp-X-I-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ kmaq-ln-I-]-cn-Wma{]{In-b-bn¬ \h-am-[y-a-ßƒ \S-Øp∂ CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ°p≈ DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ ka-Im-enI]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ hne-bn-cp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

• {Kq∏v N¿®

• {]k-‡-amb {]Xn-I-c-W-ßƒ Nm¿ń¬ FgpXp-∂p.

t{ImUo-I-cWw

U¬ln-bnse s]Ïp-ń°v t\sc \S∂ AXn-{I-a-ßƒs°-Xnsc P\-Iobapt∂-‰-Øn\v cq]w \¬In-b-Xn¬ \h-am-[y-a-ßƒ°v ]¶p-≠v.

]›n-ta-jy≥ cmPy-ß-fn¬ P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn\v th≠n \S∂ hyXy-kvX-amb{]t£m-`-ß-fn¬ \h-am-[ya-ßƒ hln® ]¶v.

Ata-cn-°≥ IpØ-I-I-fpsS sXmgn-em-fn-hn-cp≤, P\-hn-cp≤ \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒs°-Xnsc Xt±io-b¿ \S-Ønb Iq´m-bvabv°v \h-am-[y-a-ßƒ \¬Inb ]n¥pW.

hn°n-eoIvkv hnhmZw, Akm≥sP \S-Ønb shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ. òI-c-hm-Zn-Iƒ, a‰v hn[zw-kIi‡n-Iƒ Xß-fpsS Bi-b-{]-Nm-c-W-th-Zn-

bm-°p∂p F∂ hkvXp-X.

• ta¬kq-Nn-∏n® hkvXp-X-I-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ Hcp eLp D]-\ymkw Xbm-dm-°pI.

4.3 ssIsbm-∏n-√mØ ktμiw

]mTm]-{K-Y\w

ae-bmf t\mh¬ kmln-Xy-N-cn-{X-Øn¬ cq]-Ønepw `mhpIXz-ØnepwhyXy-kvXX AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Ønb t\mh-emWv Fw. apIp-μs‚ "\rØw'(2000). hnhckmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bpsS km[y-X-Iƒ IYm-Jym-\-Øn¬ {][m-\-ambpw {]ta-b-s∏-Sp-Ønb t\mh-em-Wn-Xv. hn\n-ab kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZykrjvSn-°p∂ {]XoXnbmYm¿Yy-Øns‚ temI-hp-ambn ae-bmf mh-\sb_‘n-∏n-°p∂ "\rØw' ae-bm-f-Ønse {]Ya ssk_¿ t\mh-embn IW-°m-°mw.

hnh-c-km-t¶-Xn-I-X-bpsS {]XoXntemI-Øn\v apX-em-fn-Øm-\p-Iq-e-ambcmjv{So-b-[z-\n-I-fp-≠v. c≠v temI-ßƒ XΩn¬ t\cn-´-√msX \S-°p∂

]{¥≠v

am[yaw 199

Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-amWv "\rØ-'Øns‚ {]ta-bw. C˛sabn-en-eqsS c≠p-t]¿ kwkm-cn-°p-∂p. Ah¿ Hcn-°epw t\cn- p-Im-Wp-Itbm sSen-t^m-Wn¬ kwkm-cn-°p-Itbm t]mepw sNbvXn-ń-√. `mjm-am-[y-a-am-Is´,ae-bm-f-hp-a-√. Iºyq- -dp-Iƒ°v ]n∂nse AZr-iy-ÿe-amb ssk_¿kvs]bvkn-emWv {io[-c\pw "A·n'bpw XΩn-ep≈ hn\n-a-bw. t]cp-Iƒ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂ kzXzw t]mepw Ah¿°n-√. Ah¿ c≠v hnem-k-ß-fm-Wv. Xmakw amdnbmepw am‰-an-√mØ hoSns‚ t]tcm vfm‰ns‚\ºtdm \mSns‚ t]tcm C√mØ C ˛ sabn¬ hnem-kw. 40-˛mw hb- n¬ Iºyq-´¿ hmßp-Ibpw C ˛ sabn¬ hnemkw D≠m-°p-IbpwsNbvX Sn.-]n. {io[-c\v e`n-°p∂ C sabn-en¬ \n∂v "\rØw" Bcw-`n-°p-∂p. A⁄m-X-amWv AXns‚ Dd-hnSw. "A·n-'sb∂v ]m›m-Xy-tem-IØv Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ _me-Ir-jvW≥ F∂ If-cn-b-`ym-kn-bmb\¿Ø-Is‚ IØm-bn-cp∂p AXv. A·n Ab-bv°p∂ IØp-I-fpsScq]-Øn-emWv t\mh-ens‚ BJym-\w. {io[-c≥ {]Xn-I-cn-°m≥ XpS-ßn-b-tXmsS ]Xn-hmbn hcp∂ IØp-I-fn-eqsS "A·n'sb hmb-\-°mcpw Adn-bp-∂p.

tIc-f-Ønse Hcp ]pg-bpsS Ic-bn¬ P\n® _me-Ir-jvW≥ bqtdm-∏nse \ho\ \rØ-a-WvU-e-Øn¬ A·n-sb-∂mWv Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.]m{SnIv sdmtUmƒ^v F∂ \¿Ø-I-\mWv Abmsf bqtdm-∏nse\¿Ø-I-\m-°n-b-Xv. ]n∂oSv bqtdm∏v hn´ Abmƒ bp.F-kn¬ FØn.Ct∏mƒ FbvUvkv tcmKn-bmWv Abmƒ. Xs‚ hoSv, A—-\-Ω-am¿,_mey-Im-e-k-Jn, If-cn-b-`ymkImew, ]m›m-Xy-Po-hn-Xm-\p-`-h-ßƒF∂n-h-bpsS GI-tZi Nn{X-a√msX as‰m∂pw "A·n' \¬Ip-∂n-√.ktμ-l-ßsf Zqco-I-cn-°p-I, ImWp-∂-Xns\ hniz-kn-°p-I, Fs∂,A·nsb hniz-kn-°pI, s\‰nse kXy-amWv Rm≥ F∂mWv Abmƒ\¬Ip∂ ktμ-iw. `qan-im-kv{X-]-c-amb ÿe-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ ]cm-a¿i-ßƒ ]q¿W-ambpw Hgn-hm-°-s∏-Sp∂p. {io[-c≥ Pohn-°p∂C¥y≥ \K-ctam "A·n'bpsS bqtdm-]y≥ \K-ctam tIc-fob {KmatamFhn-sS-sb∂v t\mh-enÃv Hcn-°epw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂n-√. AtX-k-abw \rØ-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v k©-cn-°p∂ ]m›m-Xy-\-K-c-ß-fpsShnh-cWw "A·n' \¬Ip-∂p-≠v. Ahn-S-ß-fn¬ \n∂p Nne-t∏mƒ hnam-\-Øn-en-cp∂v X-bm-dm-°nbpw "A·n' Xs‚ Pohn-X-IY {io[-c\v Ab-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. AXneqsS ]m{SnIv sdmtUmƒ^v F∂ \¿Ø-I-s‚bpw Abm-fpsS tZi-°m¿ \nd™ \rØ-kw-L-sØbpw Ipdn®v{io[-c\pw hmb-\-°mcpw Adn-bp-∂p. \rØ-kwLw XI¿∂-tXmsS"A·n' ]n∂oSv bp.-F-kn-te°v t]mbn. FbvUvkv ]nSn-Iq-Sn-°-gn™"A·n' C¥y-bn¬ Xs‚ {Kma-Øn¬h∂v AΩ-sbbpw _mey-Im-e-k-Jn-sbbpw I≠v Xncn-®p-t]m-Ip-∂p. Xs‚ Hmt´m-{Km^v Bh-iy-s∏´{io[-c\v Ah-km-\sØ C -sa-bn-en¬ Abmƒ Hcp Iºyq- ¿ {Km^nIvlmkyNn{Xw Ab-®p-sIm-SpØv ssk_¿ kvs]bvkn¬ ad-bp-∂p. Ah-km-\sØ sabn-en¬ "A·n' Fgp-Xp-∂p. ""\mSns‚ t]tcm hoSns‚t]tcm C√mØ Hcp shdpw C˛-sabn¬ am{X-amWv Rm≥. F\n°pssIsbm∏v t]mep-an-√.'' Im°-°-dp-∏-\mb A·n-bpsS Idp∏pw shfp-∏p-amb lmky-Nn-{X-Øn¬ \rØw Ah-km-\n-°p-∂p.

ebmfw

200 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

]mT-Øn-te°v

kmaq-lnIam[y-a-ßsf PohnX]ptcm-K-Xn-°mbn {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWvth≠Xv. hy‡n-bpsS kzmX-{¥y-hm-RvOsb hnIm-k-£-a-am-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏wP\m-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚bpw kmwkvIm-cn-tIm-∂-a-\-Øn-s‚bpw Du¿P-Zm-bn-\n-I-fmbntkmjy¬ aoUn-bIƒ D]-bp-‡-am-I-Ww.

\h-am-[yaw BZy-Im-e-ßƒ tIhe kulr-Z-ß-fpsS CS-ßƒ F∂ \ne-bn¬am{X-aWv h¿Øn-®p-t]m-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ C∂v s]mXp-P-\m-`n-{]m-b-ßfpw P\m-`n-cp-Nn-Ifpw \n¿W-bn-°p∂ i‡n-bmbn AXv _e-s∏-´p-I-gn-™p.

apJym[mcm am[y-a-ß-fpsS km{º-Zm-bnIkz`m-h-ßsf s]mfn-s®-gpXn F∂Xv\h-am-[yaßfpsS {][m\ CS-s]-S-ep-I-fn¬ H∂m-Wv. 2013 ¬ C¥y awKƒbm≥hnt£-]n-®-t∏mƒ AXns\ Ifn-bm°n "\yqtbm¿°v ssSwkn'¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn®Im¿´q-Wn-s\- i‡-ambn {]Xn-tcm-[n-®Xv C¥y≥ tkmjy¬ aoUn-b-bm-Wv. C∂v`c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ \ne-\n¬∏pXs∂ tNmZyw-sN-øm-\p≈ tijn t\Sn-°-gn™n´p≠v \h-am-[yaßƒ.

F∂m¬ hnh-c-hn-\n-a-b-cw-KØv \h-am-[y-a-ßƒ sIm≠p-h-cp∂ am‰-ß-sf√mwBim-kyhpw A`n-Im-ay-hp-amtWm F∂v tkmjy¬ aoUn-b-Iƒ Kuc-h-Øn¬N¿®-sN-bvXn- p-≠v. P\-Po-hn-XsØ kmc-ambn _m[n-°p∂ hnj-b-ß-fn¬ \n∂-I∂v tIh-e-Iu-Xp-I-ß-fn¬ A`n-c-an-°p∂ kwkvImcw ]ptcm-K-a-\-]-c-a-√.]pXnb Xe-ap-d-bpsS at\m-`m-h-ßsf ap®qSpw \nb-{¥n-°p∂ tkmjy¬ aoUn-bsb hna¿i-\-_p-≤n-tbmsS kao-]n-°m≥ hnZym¿Yn-Isf {]m]vX-cm-°WwAXn\v klm-bn-°p∂ ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßfmWv Cu ]mT-`m-KØv Dƒs°m-≈n-®n-´p≈Xv. ssk_¿ ASn-aØw {]Xn-tcm-[n-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-≠v. Cu cwKsØIpØ-I-h¬°-c-Whpw cmjv{So-b-am-\-ßfpw Xncn-®-dn-b-Ww.

tkmjy¬ aoUn-b-bn-eqsSbp≈ kzoIm-cy-X-bmWv hm¿Ø-I-fpsSXnc-s™-Sp-∏p-Isf Ct∏mƒ kzm[o-\n-°p-∂-Xv. tkmjy¬ aoUn-b-bn¬ IqSp-X¬ hmbn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sjb¿ sNø-s∏-Sp-I-bpw -N¿®sNø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂ hm¿Ø-Iƒ°v {]m[m\yw \¬Im≥apJy-[m-cm-am-[y-a-ßƒ Xbm-dm-Ip-tºmƒ hm¿Øm-\n¿Wb A[n-Im-cw tkmjy¬ aoUnb ssIImcyw sNøp-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv.ssk_¿ CS-Øn\s‚bpw {]Xo-Xn-bm-Ym¿Yy-Øns‚bpw temIwtIc-fob kmaq-lnIPohn-X-Øn¬ KWy-amb kzm[o\w sNep-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.

ssk_¿ bmYm¿YysØ kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-Iƒ A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøm-dp-≠v.ssk_¿ kvt]bvkpw Pohn-X-Øns‚ kvs]bvkm\v. Cu ImgvN-∏m-Sn-eqsS ]mT-`mKw hmbn-°m≥ \n¿t±-in-°p-∂p.

]{¥≠v

am[yaw 201

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

-\ncq-]-W-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°pI

• t^kv_p°n¬ \ΩpsS kplrØp-°-fm-b-h-cpsS kulr-Z-Øns‚ kz`m-hhpw¢mkv apdn-bnse \nß-fpsS kulr-Z-Øns‚ kz`m-hhpw Htc-t]m-se-bmtWm?A[ym-]nI tNmZn-°p-∂p.

{]Xn-I-c-W-ß-fn¬ hcm-hp-∂h

c≠nepw kplr-Øp-°ƒ Xs∂-bmWv. F√mhn[ Bi-b-hn-\n-a-bhpw km[y-am-Ip-tºmgpw t^kv_p°v

kplrØv ImWm-a-d-bØv \n¬°p-∂p. ad-™p-\n∂p ]d-bp-∂-hs‚ kzcw Ir{Xn-a-amtWm F∂v Dd-∏n-°m-\m-

hn-√. t\cn-´p≈ kplr-Øp-°sf \ap°v sXm´-dn-bmw. D]m-[n-I-fn-√m-Ø, sI´p-]m-Sp-I-fn-√mØ kulrZw, Nqj-W-ap-‡-amb

kulrZw F∂ tXm∂¬ t^kv_p°v kulrZw krjvSn-°p-∂p. tZi,{]mb, enwK, hnizmkt`Z-ß-fn-√. D]-Nm-c-ß-fpsS XS- -an-√.

kzm`m-hnIkulrZw A{Xbv°v hnim-e-a-√. AXv D`-b-_-‘-am-Wv.]t£, Bh-iy-Øn¬ D]-I-cn-°p∂ ùXn-I-km-∂n-[y-am-Wv. Pohn-X-Ime Hm¿a-bm-Wv. shdp-sX-bßv am™p-t]mIp-∂n-√. sshImcnIX-bpsSZrVX AXn-\p-≠v.

• ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Ønse Ipdn∏v A[ym-]nI hmbn-°p∂p.

• t^kv_p°nse kulr-Z-ßƒ {]Xo-Xn-bm-Ym¿Yy-Øns‚ ]cn-[n-bn¬s∏-Sptam?

• eLp-N¿®bv°v Ah-kcw \¬Ip-∂p.

N¿®-bn¬ htc-≠Xv t\cn v ImWp-Itbm Adn-bp-Itbm sshIm-cn-I-X-bpsS ZrV-Xtbm Cs√-

¶nepw t^kv_p°v kulrZw bYm¿Y kulr-Z-Øns‚ [¿Ωw \n¿h-ln-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ aq¿Ø-k-μ¿`-ß-fn¬ Cu kulrZw \njv^-e-am-sW∂v Xncn-®-dn-bp∂p.

• ]mT-`m-KØv {]XoXnbmYm¿Yyw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-sX-ß-s\-sb-∂pw -A-Xv {io-[-c≥ F∂ IYm-]m-{X-Øn¬ sNep-Øp∂ kzm[o-\-ß-sf-s¥∂pw Is≠-Øm-≥ \n¿tZ-in-°p∂p. -N¿®bv°mbn Ipń-Isf \mev {Kq∏p-I-fm°p-∂p.

• {Kq∏ns‚ \nK-a-\-ßƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

t{ImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-≠Xv

]c-kv]cw Hcp Xc-Ønepw ]cn-Nb-an-√mØ c≠v hy‡n-Iƒ XΩn¬hfsc {][m-\-s∏´ Bi-b-ßƒ ssIam-dpI \nXy-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ km[m-c-W-a-√.

A·n F∂ Ducpw t]cpw Adn-bmØ Hcm-fn¬ \n∂p h∂ satkPvkmam-\ym\p- -h-Øn¬ Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ {]Xo-Xn-bm-Ym¿Yy-Øn¬ CXv kzm`m-hn-I-ambn kzoI-cn-°-s∏-Smw.

kmam-\ym-\p- -h-Øn¬ Akzm- m-hn-Ihpw {]Xo-Xn-bm-Ym¿Yy-Øn¬ kzm`m-hn-Ihpw BhpI F∂ sshcp[yw {io[-c-\n¬ kwL¿jw Df-hm-°p∂p.

ebmfw

202 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

{io[-c≥ A\p-`-hn-°p∂ kwL¿jw bYm¿Y-am-Wv. CXm-W-bmsfssk_¿ kvs]bvkn-eqsS Ae-k-K-a-\-Øn\v t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

{]Xo-Xn-bm-Ym¿Yy-Ønse Bh-iyhpw kmam-\ym-\p-`-h-Ønse A\m-h-iyhpw XΩn-ep≈ th¿Xn-cnhv Hcp lnt∏m-{I-kn-bmbn {io[-c\v A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂p.

• ta¬kq-N-\-I-fp-]-tbm-Kn®v \ncq-]W-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°p-I.

-hni-I-e-\-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°pI

• "a\p-jy-{]-Z¿i\w' F∂ Ipco-∏pg {ioIp-am-dns‚ IhnX ¢mkn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°mw. a\p-jy≥ b{¥-ambnØocp∂ kml-Ncyw ChnsS kqNn-X-am-Ip-∂XvhnZym¿Yn-I-fpsS {i≤-bn¬s∏-Sp-Ømw. b{¥-a-\p-jycpsS ]pXn-b-tem-IsØ IhnBhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂p. A[ym-]nI ]d-bp-∂p.

• b{¥-kw-hn-[m-\-ß-tfm-Sp≈ AanXhnt[-bXzw \ΩpsS Nn¥sb Fßs\ kzm[o-\n-°p∂p F∂ s]mXp-N¿® \S-Ømw. aqt∂m \mtem sshb-‡nI {]Xn-I-c-W-ßƒ°v Ipń-Iƒ°v Ah-kcw \¬Imw.

t{ImUo-I-cWw

sshIm-cn-IX tNm¿∂pt]m-Ip-∂p. kmaq-ln-I-t_m[w Ipd-™p-t]m-Ip-∂p. imco-cn-I-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈ ]n≥hm-ß¬. b{¥-Øns‚ bp‡n-bn-te°v a\p-jy≥ sN∂p-hogmw.

• D]-tbm-Kn®p ]g-Inb sNºp-Iew t]mse Xs‚ Xe-t®m-dn\v tXbvam\w h∂-Xm-Imw, sNºp-]m{Xw Cubw ]qip-∂-Xp-t]mse am\-k-an{Xw KpfnI hmßn-°-gn®v Xs‚ Xe-t®m-dns\ hrØn-bm-°n-sb-Sp-°Ww F∂v Abmƒ Xocp-am-\n-®p.CØcw {]tbm-K-ßƒ F¥m-W¿Y-am-°p-∂-sX∂v Ipń-Iƒ N¿®sNøp-∂p.

• GXm\pw Ipń-I-ƒ A`n-{]mbw ]d-b-s´.

t{ImUo-I-cWw

F√m {]iv\-ßƒ°pw bm{¥n-I-amb ]cn-lmcw Is≠-Øm-\p≈ Xzc. kz¥w ico-c-tØm-Sp-t]mepw A\yXzw tXm∂p-∂-hn[w \n¿hn-Im-c-

ambnØocp∂p. C‚¿s\‰v t]mep≈ bm{¥n-I-kw-hn-[m-\-Øn¬ IpSp-ßn-t∏m-Ip-tºmƒ

\mw {]Xo-Xn-bmYm¿Yy-Øn-te°v hogp∂p F∂ kqN\. Akp-J-ßƒ t]mepw Hcp {]Xo-Xn-bm-Ym¿Yyw t]mse a\- n-em-°-

s∏-Sp-∂p.

• ta¬ kqN-\-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v hni-I-e-\-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°mw.

]{¥≠v

am[yaw 203

ssk_¿ shfn-®-Ønse Ccp´v

Iºyq-´dpw C‚¿s\‰pw temI-sØ-ßp-ap≈ Ipń-I-fpsS ]T-\-Im-cy-

Øn¬ henb am‰-ß-fp-≠m-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Adnhv ssIam‰w sNøp-∂-

Xnepw kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xnepw AXv kzmwio-I-cn-°p-∂-Xnepw D≠mb ]pXp-

co-Xn-Iƒ hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\v ]pXp-]-cn-th-j-amWv \¬Ip-∂-Xv. hy‡n-

Isf AXv kmc-amw-hn[w kzm[o-\n-°p-∂p. C°m-cy-Øn¬ tIcfw at‰Xv

tZi-sØ-°m-fp-tasd t\´-ß-fp-≠m-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bmWv.

Iºyq-´¿, C‚¿s\-‰v, samss_¬t^m¨ XpS-ßn-bh IqSp-X-embn D]-

tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ Nne hy‡n-I-fn¬ hnIm-c, hyh-lmc {]iv\-sØ-bp-

≠m-°pw. Ch-bpsS Aan-tXm-]-tbm-Ktam, hy‡n-bn-se-∂-t]mse IpSpw-

_-Ønepw {]bm-k-ßƒ krjvSn-°p-∂p. Nne-sc-¶nepw Cu D]-I-c-W-

ßƒ°v hnt[-b-cm-hp-Ibpw hnj-a-k-‘n-bn-se-Øn-t®-cp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

C‚¿s\‰v Zpcp-]-tbmKw \nb-a-˛-{I-a-k-am-[m-\-{]-iv\-ßƒ°pw hgn-h-

bv°p-∂p. ssk_¿ Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ßƒ F∂ taJeXs∂-bp-≠m-bn. ]pXnb

\nb-a-\n¿Ωm-W-ßfpw t`Z-K-Xnbpw th≠n-h-∂p. GsX-¶nepw hy‡n-

Iƒt°m ÿm]-\-ßƒt°m at‰m am\-lm\n hcp-Øp∂ hm¿Ø-Itfm

hnh-c-ßtfm Nn{X-ßtfm C‚¿s\-‰neqsS {]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv Ip‰-I-c-

amWv. a‰p-≈-h-cpsS ssk‰p-I-fnepw C ˛ sabn¬ A°u-≠p-I-fnepw

IS-∂p-I-b-dpI (lm-°n-Mv), t^mt´m-I-fn¬ Ir{Xn-aXzw ImWn-°pI

(tam¿^n-Mv), A«oeNn{X-ßƒ ssIam-dp-Itbm kq£n-°p-Itbm sNøp-

I, ssewKn-I-Nq-jWw \S-Øp-I, PmXn-a-X-ssh-cmKyw D≠m-°p-I, hymP-

k-tμ-i-ßƒ Ab-bv°p-I, C‚¿s\-‰n¬ \n∂v e`n-°p∂ hnh-c-ßƒ

Xt‚-sX∂ coXn-bn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n°pI XpS-ßn-bh ssk_¿ Ip‰-ß-

fm-Wv.

2012 ¬ \mj-W¬ ss{Iw dn°m¿Uvkv _yqtdm {]kn-≤o-I-cn® IW°p

{]Imcw, tIcfw ssk_¿ Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ß-fn¬ apºn-em-sW∂v hy‡-am-

hp-∂p. ap≥h¿j-tØ°mƒ 18.5 iX-am-\w. cPn-Ã¿ sNømØ tIkp-

Ifpw [mcm-f-ap-≠v. ssk_¿ Ip‰-ßƒ°v Gsdbpw Cc-bm-Ip-∂ Ipń-

I-fn¬ hen-sbm-c-fhv s]Ïp-ń-I-fmWv. ssk_¿ Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ßƒ°v

Poh-]-cy¥w XShv hsc e`n-°pw. am\-lm-\n°v A©p-tImSn cq]- hsc

\jvS-]-cn-lmcw hn[n-°m\pw hyh-ÿ-bp-≠v. ssewKn-I-Zr-iy-ßƒ {]N-

cn-∏n-®m¬ aq∂p -ap-X¬ ]Øp h¿jw hsc XShpw hn[n-°mw.

km[y-X-I-fpsS henb temIsØ kq£va-X-tbm-sS-bmtWm Ipń-Iƒ

{]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv F∂v \nco-£n-°p-I-bmWv apXn¿∂-h¿ sNtø-

≠-Xv. F¶n¬ ssk_¿ kpc£ Hcp bmYm¿Yy-amIpw.

hnh-c-ßƒ°v IS-∏mSv

tUm. _n. k‘y sF.-]n.-Fkv.

tUm. F≥.]n lm^nkv apl-ΩZv

AUz. Imfo-izcw cmPv

ebmfw

204 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

F¥mWv hn°n-]o-Unb?hnhn[ `mjIfn¬ kzX-{¥hpw hnim-e-hp-amb hniz-hn-⁄m-\-tImiw D≠m-°m-\p≈

Iq´mb kwcw-`-amWv hn°n-]o-Unb. Hcp hnj-b-Øn¬ Fgp-Xm≥ Ign-hp≈ B¿°pw

Fgp-Xmw. Xpd-∂Xpw kzX-{¥-hp-amb LS\Xs∂-bmWv hn°o-]o-Un-b-bpsS i‡n.

Hcmƒ sX‰p-h-cp-Øn-bm¬ as‰mcp hn°n-]o-Unb thmf-≠n-b¿ AXv DSs\ Xncp-Øp-

sa∂v am{X-a-√, IqSp-X¬ hn⁄m-\-k-ºp-jvS-am-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.

hn°n-]o-Un-b-bpsS XpS°w

B¿°pw teJ-\-ßƒ FUn‰v sNøm≥ D]-I-cn-°p∂ hn°n F∂ tkm^v‰v sh-b-dns‚

]n≥_-e-tØmsS 2001 P\p-hcn 15\v PnΩn shbn¬kv, emdn tk©¿ F∂n-h-cmWv

CXv XpS-ßn-h-®-Xv. s]mXp-P-\-ßƒs°√mw FUn‰v sNøm-hp∂ Xc-Øn-emWv CXns‚

hn⁄m-\-\n¿an-Xn. hn°n-]o-Un-b-bn¬ kPo-h-ambn 75,000Øntesd tkh-I-cp-≠v. 12

Zi-e£w teJ-\-ßƒ 200-Hmfw temI- m-j-I-fn-embn Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Cw•o-jn¬

am{Xw 28,60,715 teJ-\-ß-fp-≠v. 88 `mj-I-fnse hyXykvX ]Xn-∏p-Iƒ°v ]Xn-\m-bn-c-

Øn-tesd teJ\ßƒ hoX-ap-≠v. F√m `mj-I-fn-ep-am-bp-≈ -te-J-\-ß-fnse hm°p-I-

fpsS FÆw Zn\w-{]Xn h¿[n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.

sh_vssk‰v \nco-£-I-cmb Alexa.com s‚ IW-°p-{]-Imcw temI-Øv G‰hpw

IqSp-X¬ hmb-\-°m-cp≈ ]Øv sh_vssk-‰p-I-fn¬ H∂v hn°n-]o-Un-b-bm-Wv. ae-bm-

f-a-S°w ]Xn-\mev C¥y≥ -`m-j-I-fn¬ hn°n-]o-Un-bbv°v ]Xn-∏p-I-fp-≠v. {]mtZ-in-I-`m-

j-bnse ]Xn-∏p-Iƒ°mbn bqWn-tImUv t^m≠n¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂ {Sm≥kven-‰-td-j≥

F∂ kuI-cy-amWv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. AXm-b-Xv, Fgp-tX≠ hm°p-Iƒ Cw•ojv A£-

c-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v ssS∏v sNbvXm¬ Hcp {]tXyI tkm^v‰vsh-b-dns‚ klm-b-

tØmsS {]mtZ-in-I- m-j-bn-te°v am‰p∂ coXn-bm-Wn-Xv.

hn°n-]o-Un-b-bv°mbn teJ-\-sa-gp-Xp∂ k∂-≤-tk-h-Isc hn°n-]o-Un-b¿ F∂mWv

hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu Iq´m-bvasb hn°n-k-aqlw F∂pw ]d-bp-∂p. Xßƒ°p≈ Adn-hp-

Iƒ kaq-l-Øn-te°v ]I-cpIbpw ]c-kv]-c-_-lp-am-\-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-Øs∂ a‰p≈ teJ-

\-ß-fnse sX‰p-Ip-‰-ßƒ Xncp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂ coXn-bmWv hn°n-]o-Un-b¿ ]n¥p-S-

cp-∂-Xv. ae-bm-f-Øn¬Øs∂ Bbn-c-Øn-tesd hn°n-]o-Un-b-cp-≠v. hn°n-]o-Un-b-bn-te°v

teJ\w am{X-a√, t^mt´m, kvsI®p-Iƒ F∂n-hbpw \¬Imw. Nne¿ hn°n-]o-Un-b-bn-

te°v teJ\w Xbm-dm-°p-∂p. Nne¿ \ne-hn¬ A]vtemUv sNbvX teJ-\-Øn¬ sX‰p-

Iƒ Ds≠-¶n¬ Xncp-Øp-Itbm IqSp-X¬ hnhc-k-ºp-jvS-am-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂p. a‰pNn-

e¿ ]pXp-Xmbn hn°n-]o-Un-b-bn-te°v FØp-∂-hsc kzmKXw sNøp-∂p. Nn{X-ßƒ

tN¿°m\pw teJ-\-ßsf XΩn¬ ssl∏¿ en¶v hgn Iqń-bn-W-°m\pw as‰mcp Iq´¿

{ian-°p-∂p. CsXm-s°-bmWv hn°n-]o-Un-b¿ kaq-l-Øns‚ {][m-\- tkh-\-ßƒ.

Hcp teJ\w \nßƒ hn°n-]o-Un-b-bn-te°v Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-°-gn-™n´v, Hcm-gvNbv°v

tijw CtX-t]Pv kμ¿in-°p-I. \nßƒ Fgp-Xnb t]Pv Ahn-sS-bp-s≠-¶n¬ hn°n-

]o-Un-b¿ kaqlw Cu teJ-\sØ AwKo-I-cn-®-Xmbn IW-°m-°mw. Hmtcm t]Pnepw

lnÃdn F∂ en¶v apI-fn-embn \¬In-bn-cn-°pw. CXv {Ia-am-bp≈ am‰w sdt°mUv

sNbvXv h®n-cn-°pw. AXm-bXv \nßƒ hmbn-°p∂ Hmtcm t]Ppw tIhew Hcm-fpsS

]{¥≠v

am[yaw 205

am{Xw krjvSn-b-√, Hcp kaq-l-Øns‚ krjvSn-bmWv. efn-X-amb, XnI™ P\m-[n-]-

Xy-t_m-[-tØm-sS-bp≈ Cu LS-\-{Iaw Xs∂-bmWv hn°n-]o-Un-bsb hyXy-kvX-am-°p-

∂-Xv..

hn°n]oUnb AXns‚ ssii-h-Z-i-bn-em-sW∂v thW-sa-¶n¬ ]d-bmw. Cw•ojv CXc

`mjm-]-Xn-∏p-I-fn¬ ]WvUn-X-k-aqlw CXp-h-scbpw Imcy-amb CS-s]-S¬ \S-Øn-bn-ń-

√. GXm\pw h¿j-ßƒ°p-≈n¬ kaq-l-Øns‚ t\¿]-cn-t—Zw Xs∂ hn°n-]o-Un-b-

bntes°-Øpw. B¿°pw Ft∏mgpw Fgp-Xm-sa-∂Xpw FUn‰v sNøm-sa-∂-Xp-am-bn-cn-

°Ww Cu hn⁄m-\-tIm-i-Øns‚ P\-Io-b-Xbv°v Imc-Ww. temI-Øns‚ ]e tImWp-

I-fn-en-cn-°p∂ k∂-≤-{]-h¿Ø-I¿ Iqń-t®¿°p∂-Xpw ip≤o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xp-amb coXn

km{º-Zm-bnI hniz-hn-⁄m-\-tImi \n¿an-Xn-bpsS FXn¿Zn-i-bn-ep-≈-Xm-Wv.

ae-bmfw hn°n-]o-Unb

hn°n-]o-Un-b-bpsS C¥y≥ `mjm-]-Xn-∏p-I-fn¬ KpW-\n-e-hmcw sIm≠v G‰hpw

ap∂n¬ ae-bmfw hn°n-]o-Unb Xs∂-bm-Wv. Db¿∂ km£-c-Xbpw hmb-\-io-ehpw

kmt¶-Xn-I-km-£-c-amb {]hmkn tIcfob-cpsS km∂n-[y-hp-amImw ae-bmfw hn°n-]o-

Un-bbv°v anI-th-In-b-Xv. bqWn-tImUv t^m≠ns‚ IS-∂p-h-chmWv {]mtZ-in-I-`m-jm-

]-Xn-∏p-Iƒ°v P≥a-ta-In-b-sX∂p ]d-bmw. Cw•ojv ]Xn-∏p-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øp-

tºmƒ {]mtZ-in-I-amb hnhc-ß-fmWv Hcp sNdp-`m-jm-]-Xn-∏ns‚ apJy-L-S-I-am-Ip-∂-

Xv. tIc-f-Ønse Hcp sNdp-{]-tZ-i-sØ-°p-dn-t®m Hcp BNm-c-sØ-°p-dnt®m Hcp

teJ\w Cw•ojv ]Xn-∏n¬ {]Xo-£n-°m-\m-In-√. F{X sNdp-sX-¶nepw Imcy-am{X {]k-

‡-amb Adn-hns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ t\cn´v hnh-c-ßƒ ssIap-X-em-bp-f-fXpw AXXv {]tZ-

isØ `mj kwkm-cn-°p∂ P\-ßƒ°m-bn-cn-°pw. H∏w Cu hnhcw IqSp-X-embn

th≠Xpw CtX kaq-l-Øn\p Xs∂-bm-Wv.

Cw•ojv ]Xn-∏n-¬ C√mØ hnh-c-ß-fmWv {]mtZ-inI `mjm-]-Xn-∏n¬ hmb-\-°m¿

G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. Ct∏mƒ Cw•ojv ]Xn-∏nse Ip‰-a-‰Xpw Gsd hmb-

\-°m-cp-≈-Xp-amb teJ-\-ßƒ {]mtZ-in-I-`m-j-bnse hn°n-]o-Un-b¿ X¿Pa sNbvXv

kz¥w `mjm-]-Xn-∏n-te°v Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. amdnb kvIqƒ ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-

bn¬ t{]mP-IvSn\pw a‰v ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°p-ambn hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ hnh-c-ti-J-cW

D]m-[n-bmbn C‚¿s\-‰ns\ B{i-bn-°p-∂p-≠v. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ {]mtZ-in-I-`m-j-

bnse CØcw hn⁄m-\-km-Kcw ]pXp-X-e-ap-dbv°v apX¬°q- m-Ipw. C∂v tIc-f-Ønse

kvIqfp-I-fn¬ C‚¿s\‰v e`y-X-bp-≈-Xn-\m¬ henb ]W-s®-e-hn-√msX ae-bm-f-`m-j-

bn¬ ssh⁄m-\n-I-te-J-\-ßƒ e`n-°p-sa-∂Xv A[ym-]-I¿°pw hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°pw

F∂t]mse s]mXp-k-aq-l-Øn\pw A\p-{K-l-am-Wv.

kuP-\y-e-`y-X-bv°p-]-cn-bmbn Xt±-io-b-amb hnh-c-ßƒ henb ]W-s®-e-hn-√msX

`qtem-I-Øns‚ hnhn-[ `mK-ß-fn¬ NnX-dn-°n-S-°p∂ ae-bm-fn-Iƒ°v AtX-`m-j-bn¬

FØn-°m-\m-Ip∂p F∂Xv hn⁄m-\-Øns‚ \nb-{¥-W-Øn\pta¬ A\p-h-Zn-°-s∏´

kzmX{¥yw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xp -sIm-≠m-Wv. CXp-X-s∂-bmWv {]mtZ-in-I-`m-j-bn-ep≈

hn°n-]o-Unb ]Xn-∏p-Iƒ°v BtKm-fo-I-c-W-Im-e-Øp≈ {]k-‡n-bpw. hn°n-]o-Un-b-

bn¬Øs∂ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p∂ DZm-l-cWw CXm-Wv. ae-bm-f-Ønse {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°-

s∏´ hn⁄m-\-tIm-i-ß-fn-sem∂pw Ipńbpw tImepw F∂ Ifn-sb-°p-dn®v IqSp-X¬

hnhcw D≠m-In-√. hfsc \n m-c-sa∂v tXm∂m-hp∂ Ipńbpw tImepw G‰hpw IqSp-

X¬ hmbn-°-s∏-Sp∂ hn°n-]o-Unbm teJ-\-Øn¬s∏Sp-∂p.

ebmfw

206 So®¿ sSIvÃv

lb¿ sk°‚dn

-]m\¬ N¿®

• ssk_¿ Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ß-sf-°p-dn-®v ka-Im-enI am[y-a-ß-fn¬ Db¿∂p hcp-∂hm¿Ø-Iƒ ¢mkn¬ A[ym-]nI kqNn-∏n-®ti-jw. C‚¿s\‰v, samss_¬t^m¨ F∂n-h-bpsS Zpcp-]-tbm-K-sØ-°p-dn®v N¿® \S-Ømw.

• So®¿ sSIvÃn¬ sImSpØ "ssk_¿ Ccp-ńse shfn®w' F∂ mKw hni-Zo-I-cn-°mw.

♦ ssk_¿ Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ßƒ♦ ssk_¿ kpc£♦ ssk_-dns‚ A\n-hm-cyX♦ ssk_¿temIsØ NXn-°p-gn-Iƒ

• \mev N¿®m kqN-\Iƒ FSpØv Hmtcm N¿®mkqN-\bv°pw Hmtcm {Kq∏v F∂\ne-bn¬ 4 {Kq∏p-I-fm°mw. {Kq∏n¬ \n∂pw Hmtcm {]Xn-\n-[n-sb hoXw hnj-bm-h-X-c-W-Øn-\mbn tamU-td-‰¿ hnfn-°Ww (tamU-td-‰sd t\ctØ Is≠-Øn-bn-cn-°-Ww).

ssk_¿ Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ß-fpsS ssh]peyw kmº-ØnIØń∏v apX¬ cmPy-t{Zmlw hsc \o≠pInS°p∂p.

hy‡n-I-fpsS kzIm-cy-Xbv°v t\tc-bp≈ IS-∂p-I-b‰w. hy‡n-Iƒ°pw ÿm]-\-ßƒ°pw t\tc-bp≈ A]am-\-I-c-amb {]Nmc-

W-ßƒ. kpc-£n-X-amb ssk_¿ D]-tbm-K-Øn\v kzoI-cn-t°≠ Imcy-ßƒ. ssk_¿ \nb-a-Øn-ep≈ Adnhv. Hfn-™n-cn-°p∂ NXn-bn-S-ßƒ Gsdbp≈-XmWv ssk_¿temIw

tam¿^nMv, lm°nMv t]mep-≈h AØcw NXn-bn-S-ß-fm-Wv.

• ]m\¬ N¿®sb ka-{K-ambpw kw£n-]vX-ambpw hne-bn-cpØn N¿®m-dn-t∏m¿´vXbm-dm-°p-I.

-k¿th dnt∏m¿´v

• hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ ssk_¿ am[y-a-ß-fnse CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ°v F{X-k-abw \o°n-h-bv°p-∂p≠v? ssk_¿ temI-Øn\v Aan-X-ambn hnt[-b-s∏-Sp-∂pt≠m? Cuhnj-b-Øn¬ k¿th \S-Øm≥ th≠ aps∂m-cp-°-ß-sf-°p-dn®v s]mXp-N¿®-bm-Imw.

N¿®-bn¬ -h-cm-hp-∂h

♦ hnZym¿Yn-Isf BI¿jn-°p∂ {][m\ ssk_¿ am[y-a-ß-tfh?♦ ssk_¿am[y-a-ß-fnse CS-s]-S¬ ]T-\-sØbpw kmaq-lnI_‘-

sØbpw Fßs\ _m[n-°p-∂p?

• Ht∂m ct≠m hy‡n-KX {]Xn-I-c-W-ßƒ°v Ah-kcw \¬Imw. XpS¿∂v ¢mkvAt©m Btdm {Kq∏p-I-fmbn CXn-\m-h-iy-amb ]tØm ]Xn-\t©m tNmZy-ßƒ Xbm-dm-°m≥ Hmtcm {Kq∏n-t\mSpw \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p. AtXmsSm∏w tNmZywhkvXp-\n-jvThpw hy‡-amb DØ-c-ßƒ e£yw hbv°p-∂-Xp-am-bn-cn-°-WwF∂pw kqNn-∏n-°-Ww.

]{¥≠v

am[yaw 207

• XpS¿∂v {Kq∏p-I-fpsS {]Xn-I-c-Ww.

t{ImUo-I-cWw

C‚¿s\-‰n¬ kPo-h-amb am[y-a-ß-sf-sb√mw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-h-bm-bn-cn-°Ww tNmZy-ßƒ

DØ-c-kq-NnI Xbm-dm-°p-tºmƒ hyXy-kvX-X-e-Øn-ep≈ {]Xn-I-c-W-Øn\v Ah-kcw \¬IWw (DZm : ÿnc-am-bn, CS-bv°n-S-bv°v, h√-t∏m-gpw, Xosc-bn√).

tNmZy-ßƒ \ntj-[m-flIw am{X-am-hm-Xn-cn-°m≥ {i≤n-°-Ww (G-I-]-£o-b-am-h-cp-Xv).

Fgp-Xn-Ø-bm-dm-°nb tNmZym-h-en-bmWv k¿thbv°v D]-tbm-Kn-t°-≠-Xv. k¿th-bn-eqsS kam-l-cn® Imcy-ßƒ ]ń-I-s∏-SpØn A]-{K-Yn-t°-

≠-Xm-Wv.

• Is≠-Ø-ep-Ifpw \n¿tZ-i-ßfpw Dƒs∏-SpØn Cu A]-{K-Y\w teJ-\-cq-]-Øn¬kvIqƒ Akw-ªn-bn¬ hmbn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

hrØm¥]{X-{]-h¿Ø\w ˛ kztZ-im-`n-am\n cma-Ir-jvW-]n≈

{]kn-U‚ns‚ BZysØ acWw ˛ F≥.-]n. apl-ΩZv

\rØw ˛ Fw. apIp-μ≥

sImta-gvky¬ t{_°v ˛ Aw_n-Im-kp-X≥ amßm-Sv

`mh-\m-XoXw -˛ ]n. sI. cmP-ti-J-c≥ (Bap-J-]-T-\w)

ssk_¿ ae-bmfw ˛ FUn-‰¿: kp\o-X.-Sn.hn.

sImame ˛ kt¥mjv G®n-°m\w

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-ßƒ

Documents

lb¿ sk-°‚dn ae-bmfw - SCERT · lb¿ sk-°‚dn tIc-f-k¿°m¿ hnZym-`ym-k-h-Ip∏v Xbm-dm-°n-bXv kwÿm\ hnZym-`ymk Kth-jW ]cn-io-e\ kanXn (SCERT), tIcfw 2015 ae-bmfw So®¿ sSIvÃv